FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Somorjai, GA AF Somorjai, G. A. TI Transition of metal single crystals to nanodispersed nanoparticles (1-10 nm) as model catalyst systems SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Somorjai, G. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Somorjai, G. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Somorjai@berkeley.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 107-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722801154 ER PT J AU Srivastava, S Verma, A Frankamp, BL Rotello, V AF Srivastava, Sudhanshu Verma, Ayush Frankamp, Benjamin L. Rotello, Vincent TI Controlled nanoparticle assemblies for modulating optical and magnetic properties SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Srivastava, Sudhanshu; Verma, Ayush; Rotello, Vincent] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Frankamp, Benjamin L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Nanostruct & Semicond Phys Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 186-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722801327 ER PT J AU Stamenkovic, V Lucas, CA Tripkovic, D Strmcnik, D Chang, KC You, H Markovic, N AF Stamenkovic, Vojislav Lucas, Christopher A. Tripkovic, Dusan Strmcnik, Dusan Chang, Kee-Chul You, Hoydoo Markovic, Nenad TI In-situ characterization of temperature controlled electrified solid-liquid interfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stamenkovic, Vojislav; Tripkovic, Dusan; Strmcnik, Dusan; Chang, Kee-Chul; You, Hoydoo; Markovic, Nenad] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lucas, Christopher A.] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. EM vrstamenkovic@anl.gov; hyou@anl.gov RI Chang, Kee-Chul/O-9938-2014; You, Hoydoo/A-6201-2011 OI Chang, Kee-Chul/0000-0003-1775-2148; You, Hoydoo/0000-0003-2996-9483 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 459-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722801263 ER PT J AU Starr, DE Weiss, CD Yamamoto, S Nilsson, A Salmeron, M Bluhm, H AF Starr, David E. Weiss, Christoph D. Yamamoto, Susumu Nilsson, Anders Salmeron, Miguel Bluhm, Hendrik TI The interaction of H2O and NO2 with thin MgO(100) films grown on Ag(100) as studied with ambient pressure photoemission spectroscopy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Starr, David E.; Bluhm, Hendrik] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Weiss, Christoph D.; Salmeron, Miguel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yamamoto, Susumu; Nilsson, Anders] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM destarr@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 449-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722801518 ER PT J AU Steefel, C Zachara, JM Lichtner, PC Carroll, SA AF Steefel, Carl Zachara, John M. Lichtner, Peter C. Carroll, Susan A. TI NUCL 116-Interactions among phosphate amendments, microbes and uranium mobility in contaminated soils SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Steefel, Carl] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zachara, John M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Lichtner, Peter C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Carroll, Susan A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM CISteefel@lbl.gov; lichtner@lanl.gov; carroll6@llnl.gov RI Steefel, Carl/B-7758-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 101-NUCL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722807082 ER PT J AU Stepinski, DC Gelis, AV Bakel, AJ Vandegrift, GF AF Stepinski, Dominique C. Gelis, Artem V. Bakel, Allen J. Vandegrift, George F. TI Evaluation of inorganic sorbents for separation of 99Mo from highly concentrated uranium solutions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stepinski, Dominique C.; Gelis, Artem V.; Bakel, Allen J.; Vandegrift, George F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM stepinskid@cmt.anl.gov; guelis@cmt.anl.gov; bakel@cmt.anl.gov; vandegrift@cmt.anl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 31-NUCL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722807090 ER PT J AU Stiopkin, I Brixner, T Yang, M Fleming, GR AF Stiopkin, Igor Brixner, Tobias Yang, Mino Fleming, Graham R. TI PHYS 378-Effect of defects on the mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stiopkin, Igor] Wayne State Univ, Dept Chem, Detroit, CA USA. [Brixner, Tobias] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Phys, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Yang, Mino] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Cheongju 361763, South Korea. [Fleming, Graham R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Phys Biosci Div, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94620 USA. EM igor@zepto.cchem.berkeley.edu; MinoYang@chungbuk.ac.kr; GRFleming@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 543-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722807825 ER PT J AU Tejerina, B Gordon, MS AF Tejerina, Baudilio Gordon, Mark S. TI Ab initio study of the interaction and mechanism of addition of POSS-T8 to the Si(100) surface SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Tejerina, Baudilio] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem 2145, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Gordon, Mark S.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tejerina@chem.northwestern.edu; mark@si.fi.ameslab.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 423-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722807392 ER PT J AU Thomas, KE Demuth, S Tobin, S Thomas, IR AF Thomas, Kenneth E. Demuth, S. Tobin, S. Thomas, I. R. TI Safeguards for the Advanced Fuel Cycle Facility SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Thomas, Kenneth E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Safeguards Syst Grp N4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Thomas, I. R.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 76-NUCL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722807052 ER PT J AU Tikhonov, AM AF Tikhonov, Aleksey M. TI X-ray study of the electric double layer at the n-hexane/nanocolloidal silica interface SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Tikhonov, Aleksey M.] Univ Chicago, NSLS, CARS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Tikhonov, Aleksey M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM tikhonov@bnl.gov RI Tikhonov, Aleksey/N-1111-2016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 148-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722807282 ER PT J AU Toussaint, KC Liu, MZ Pelton, M Pesic, J Guyot-Sionnest, P Scherer, NF AF Toussaint, Kimani C., Jr. Liu, Mingzhao Pelton, Matthew Pesic, Jelena Guyot-Sionnest, Philippe Scherer, Norbert F. TI Near-resonance plasmonic trapping of single and multiple Au nanoparticles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Toussaint, Kimani C., Jr.; Liu, Mingzhao; Guyot-Sionnest, Philippe; Scherer, Norbert F.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Pelton, Matthew] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Pesic, Jelena; Scherer, Norbert F.] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM kimani@uchicago.edu; mzliew@uchicago.edu; pelton@anl.gov; pgs@uchicago.edu; nscherer@uchicago.edu RI Pelton, Matthew/H-7482-2013 OI Pelton, Matthew/0000-0002-6370-8765 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 461-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722807689 ER PT J AU Tretiak, S AF Tretiak, Sergei TI Theoretical study of photoexcited dynamics in conjugated polymers and carbon nanotubes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Tretiak, Sergei] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM serg@lanl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 217-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722807432 ER PT J AU Tsai, MK Valiev, M Schenter, GK Dupuis, M Garrett, BC AF Tsai, Ming-Kang Valiev, Marat Schenter, Gregory K. Dupuis, Michel Garrett, Bruce C. TI Electron transfer reaction of hydroxyl radical in NaCl solution SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Tsai, Ming-Kang; Schenter, Gregory K.; Garrett, Bruce C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Valiev, Marat] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Dupuis, Michel] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mbrad.tsai@pnl.gov; marat.valiev@pnl.gov; greg.schenter@pnl.gov; michel.dupuis@pnl.gov; bruce.garrett@pnl.gov RI Schenter, Gregory/I-7655-2014 OI Schenter, Gregory/0000-0001-5444-5484 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 427-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722807738 ER PT J AU Vajda, S Ballentine, GE Mucherie, S Marshall, CL Elam, JW Pellin, MJ Lee, B Lo, CT Seifert, S Winans, R Calo, JM AF Vajda, Stefan Ballentine, Gregory E. Mucherie, Stephanie Marshall, Christopher L. Elam, Jeffrey W. Pellin, Michael J. Lee, Byeongdu Lo, Chieh-Tsung Seifert, Soenke Winans, Randall Calo, Joseph M. TI PETR 57-Research on a new peanut oil monoester as a clean diesel engine fuel SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Vajda, Stefan; Ballentine, Gregory E.; Mucherie, Stephanie] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Vajda, Stefan; Ballentine, Gregory E.; Mucherie, Stephanie] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Marshall, Christopher L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Elam, Jeffrey W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Pellin, Michael J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lee, Byeongdu; Seifert, Soenke; Winans, Randall] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lo, Chieh-Tsung] Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Calo, Joseph M.] Brown Univ, Div Engn, Chem Engn Program, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM vajda@anl.gov; mucherie@anl.gov; CLMarshall@anl.gov; jelam@anl.gov; pellin@anl.gov; blee@aps.anl.gov; seifert@anl.gov; rewinans@anl.gov; Joseph_Calo@brown.edu RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008 OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 26-PETR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722807185 ER PT J AU Vance, AL Harvey, CA Alviso, CT AF Vance, Andrew L. Harvey, Chris A. Alviso, Cindy T. TI Accelerated degradation of syntactic polysulfide in the presence of Viton A SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 233rd National Meeting of the Cellulose-and-Renewable-Materials-Division of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS), Cellulose & Renewable Mat Div C1 [Vance, Andrew L.] Sandia Natl Lab CA, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Harvey, Chris A.; Alviso, Cindy T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM alvance@sandia.gov; harvey11@llnl.gov; alviso1@llnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 481-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GO UT WOS:000207723100529 ER PT J AU Vandegrift, GF AF Vandegrift, George F. TI Nonproliferation aspects of the UREX plus processing suite SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Vandegrift, George F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM vandegrift@cmt.anl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 77-NUCL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722807029 ER PT J AU Vukmirovic, MB Liu, P Muckerman, JT Adzic, RR AF Vukmirovic, Miomir B. Liu, Ping Muckerman, James T. Adzic, Radoslav R. TI Electrodeposition of Pt on a RuO2(110) single-crystal surface SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Vukmirovic, Miomir B.; Liu, Ping; Muckerman, James T.; Adzic, Radoslav R.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM miomir@bnl.gov; pingliu3@bnl.gov; muckerma@bnl.gov; adzic@bnl.gov RI Muckerman, James/D-8752-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 561-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722801583 ER PT J AU Wall, NA Clark, SB Hull, LC AF Wall, Nathalie A. Clark, Sue B. Hull, Laurence C. TI NUCL 15-Needs for americium and curium isotopes in advanced fuel cycle research SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wall, Nathalie A.; Clark, Sue B.] Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Hull, Laurence C.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM nawall@wsu.edu; laurence.hull@inl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 38-NUCL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722807085 ER PT J AU Wander, MCF Kerisit, S Rosso, KM Schoonen, MAA AF Wander, Matthew C. F. Kerisit, Sebastien Rosso, Kevin M. Schoonen, Martin A. A. TI Ferrous iron reduction of uranyl ions and its implications of a mobile reduced species: U(V) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wander, Matthew C. F.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Ctr Environm Sci CEMS, Stony Brook, NY 11743 USA. [Kerisit, Sebastien; Rosso, Kevin M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Schoonen, Martin A. A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Ctr Environm Mol Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM mwander@notes.cc.sunysb.edu; sebastien.kerisit@pnl.gov; mschoonen@notes.cc.sunysb.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 118-NUCL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722807038 ER PT J AU Wang, H Dodge, CJ Malhotra, SV Francis, AJ AF Wang, Hao Dodge, Cleveland J. Malhotra, Sanjay V. Francis, A. J. TI Interaction of methoxyethyl methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate with uranium and its application on uranium bioreduction SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wang, Hao; Malhotra, Sanjay V.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Dodge, Cleveland J.; Francis, A. J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM hw26@njit.edu; dodge1@bnl.gov; malhotra@njit.edu; francis1@bnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 109-NUCL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722807093 ER PT J AU Wang, HL Wang, CC Gao, Y Chiang, L Chiang, LY AF Wang, Hsing-lin Wang, Chun-Chih Gao, Yuan Chiang, Long Chiang, Long Y. TI Synthesis and characterization of the single-point substituted fullerene bisadduct: C60[CMe(CO2Et)2]2 SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wang, Hsing-lin] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Phys Chem & Spect Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Wang, Chun-Chih] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Phys Chem & Spect Grp, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Chiang, Long Y.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM hwang@lanl.gov; cwang@lanl.gov; yuangao@lanl.gov; Long_Chiang@uml.edu; long_chiang@uml.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 400-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722801600 ER PT J AU Wasacz, JT Kopidakis, N Mitchell, WJ Rumbles, G Shaheen, SE Pacheco, KAO AF Wasacz, Jodie T. Kopidakis, Nikos Mitchell, William J. Rumbles, G. Shaheen, Sean E. Pacheco, Kimberly A. O. TI Structural characterization of phenyl-cored thiophene dendrimers for organic photovoltaics SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wasacz, Jodie T.; Pacheco, Kimberly A. O.] Univ No Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Greeley, CO 80631 USA. [Kopidakis, Nikos; Mitchell, William J.; Rumbles, G.; Shaheen, Sean E.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM wasa6352@blue.unco.edu; william_mitchell@nrel.gov; garry_rumbles@nrel.gov; sshaheen@nrel.gov; kimberly.pacheco@unco.edu RI Shaheen, Sean/M-7893-2013; Kopidakis, Nikos/N-4777-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 807-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722808111 ER PT J AU Waychunas, G Gilbert, B Kim, CS AF Waychunas, Glenn Gilbert, Benjamin Kim, Christopher S. TI FUEL 67-Investigation of mercury distribution behavior in ash-free coal manufacturing process SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Waychunas, Glenn] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Geochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gilbert, Benjamin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kim, Christopher S.] Chapman Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Orange, CA 92866 USA. EM BGilbert@lbl.gov; cskim@chapman.edu RI Gilbert, Benjamin/E-3182-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 1-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722801857 ER PT J AU White, JM Dohnalek, Z Kay, BD Zhang, ZR Ge, QF Li, SC AF White, J. M. Dohnalek, Zdenek Kay, Bruce D. Zhang, Zhenrong Ge, Qingfeng Li, Shaochun TI Diffusion of species on TiO2(110) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [White, J. M.; Li, Shaochun] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [White, J. M.; Li, Shaochun] Univ Texas, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Ge, Qingfeng] So Illinois Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Dohnalek, Zdenek; Kay, Bruce D.; Zhang, Zhenrong] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Dohnalek, Zdenek; Kay, Bruce D.; Zhang, Zhenrong] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorateand, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM jm.white@pnl.gov; zdenek.dohnalek@pnl.gov; bruce.kay@pnl.gov; qge@chem.siu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 153-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722801344 ER PT J AU Winans, AM Chi, EY Ege, C Majewski, J Kjaer, K Lee, KYC AF Winans, Amy M. Chi, Eva Y. Ege, Canay Majewski, Jaroslaw Kjaer, Kristian Lee, Ka Yee C. TI Beta-sheet templating of amyloid-beta protein by anionic phosphatidylglycerol membranes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Winans, Amy M.; Chi, Eva Y.; Ege, Canay; Lee, Ka Yee C.] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Inst Biophys Dynam, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Winans, Amy M.; Chi, Eva Y.; Ege, Canay; Lee, Ka Yee C.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Majewski, Jaroslaw] Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 12, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Kjaer, Kristian] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM amyw@uchicago.edu; evachi@fenjing.com; canayege@midway.uchicago.edu; jarek@lanl.gov; kristian.kjaer@nbi.ku.dk; kayeelee@uchicago.edu RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 72-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722801614 ER PT J AU Winans, RE Chupas, PJ Chapman, KW Clemens, AH Pugmire, RJ Seifert, S AF Winans, Randall E. Chupas, Peter J. Chapman, Karena W. Clemens, Anthony H. Pugmire, Ronald J. Seifert, Soenke TI In situ pressure studies of coal and oil shale by small angle and high energy, wide angle X-ray scattering SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Winans, Randall E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem & Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chupas, Peter J.; Chapman, Karena W.; Clemens, Anthony H.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Pugmire, Ronald J.] Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Seifert, Soenke] CRL Energy Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand. EM rewinans@anl.gov; pug@utah.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 57-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722801776 ER PT J AU Withfield, T Lamoureux, G Varma, S Rempe, SB Roux, B AF Withfield, Troy Lamoureux, Guillaume Varma, Sameer Rempe, Susan B. Roux, Benoit TI Computational studies of ion hydration SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Withfield, Troy] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lamoureux, Guillaume] Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Varma, Sameer; Rempe, Susan B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Roux, Benoit] Univ Chicago, Inst Mol Pediat Sci, Ctr Integrat Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM slrempe@sandia.gov; roux@uchicago.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 579-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722807792 ER PT J AU Wrobleski, DA Langlois, DA Orler, EB Labouriau, A Uribe, M Houlton, R Kress, JD AF Wrobleski, Debra A. Langlois, D. A. Orler, E. Bruce Labouriau, Andrea Uribe, Mariana Houlton, Robert Kress, Joel D. TI Accelerated aging and characterization of a poly(ester urethane) binder SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 233rd National Meeting of the Cellulose-and-Renewable-Materials-Division of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS), Cellulose & Renewable Mat Div C1 [Wrobleski, Debra A.; Langlois, D. A.; Orler, E. Bruce; Labouriau, Andrea; Uribe, Mariana] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Polymer & Coatings Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kress, Joel D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wrobleski@lanl.gov; eborler@lanl.gov; andrea@lanl.gov; jdk@lanl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 527-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GO UT WOS:000207723100089 ER PT J AU Xie, HZ Li, YF Trent, JD Swanson, BI AF Xie, Hongzhi Li, Yi-Fen Trent, Jonathan D. Swanson, Basil I. TI Interaction of the engineered chaperonin proteins with water-soluble quantum dots SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Xie, Hongzhi; Swanson, Basil I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Li, Yi-Fen; Trent, Jonathan D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Bioengn Branch, Prot Nanotechnol Grp, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM hongzhi@lanl.gov; yli2@mail.arc.nasa.gov; basil@lanl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 564-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722801595 ER PT J AU Xu, HF Konishi, H Yeredla, RR Wang, YF AF Xu, Huifang Konishi, Hiromi Yeredla, Rakesh R. Wang, Yifeng TI Investigation of enhanced photocatalytic reduction and oxidation of titanium oxide nanotubes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Xu, Huifang; Konishi, Hiromi; Yeredla, Rakesh R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Xu, Huifang; Yeredla, Rakesh R.] Univ Wisconsin, Mat Sci Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Konishi, Hiromi] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wang, Yifeng] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 88220 USA. EM hfxu@geology.wisc.edu; hkonishi@wisc.edu; yeredla@wisc.edu; ywang@sandia.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 58-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722801506 ER PT J AU Yates, JT Sorescu, DC Maksymovych, P AF Yates, John T., Jr. Sorescu, Dan C. Maksymovych, Peter TI Alkanethiol surface chemistry on Au(111): New insight into self assembly using the low temperature STM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yates, John T., Jr.; Maksymovych, Peter] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Sorescu, Dan C.] US DOE, Pittsburgh Energy Technol Ctr, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM jyates@pitt.edu; sorescu@pp.netl.doe.gov; pem26@pitt.edu RI Maksymovych, Petro/C-3922-2016 OI Maksymovych, Petro/0000-0003-0822-8459 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 140-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722807599 ER PT J AU Yoon, J Hou, BY Luo, GM Chen, CH Laanait, N Lin, BH Vanysek, P Schlossman, ML AF Yoon, Jaesung Hou, Binyang Luo, Guangming Chen, Chiu-Hao Laanait, Nouamane Lin, Binhua Vanysek, Petr Schlossman, Mark L. TI Structure of a 1,2-dichloroethane(BTPPATPFB)/water(NaCl) interface SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yoon, Jaesung; Hou, Binyang; Chen, Chiu-Hao; Laanait, Nouamane; Schlossman, Mark L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Luo, Guangming] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Lin, Binhua] Univ Chicago, ChemMatCARS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Vanysek, Petr] No Illinois Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Schlossman, Mark L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem MC 273, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM jyoon10@uic.edu; bhou2@uic.edu; luog@ornl.gov; cchen39@uic.edu; nlaana1@uic.edu; pvanysek@niu.edu; schloss@uic.edu RI Laanait, Nouamane/A-2498-2016 OI Laanait, Nouamane/0000-0001-7100-4250 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 337-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722807765 ER PT J AU You, H Markovic, N Chang, KC Stamenkovic, V AF You, Hoydoo Markovic, Nenad Chang, Kee-Chul Stamenkovic, Vojislav TI X-ray in-situ investigation of interfaces relevant to electrocatalysis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [You, Hoydoo; Markovic, Nenad; Chang, Kee-Chul; Stamenkovic, Vojislav] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM hyou@anl.gov; vrstamenkovic@anl.gov RI Chang, Kee-Chul/O-9938-2014; You, Hoydoo/A-6201-2011 OI Chang, Kee-Chul/0000-0003-1775-2148; You, Hoydoo/0000-0003-2996-9483 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 557-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722801401 ER PT J AU Zhang, X Wasinger, EC Muresan, AZ Attenkofer, K Jennings, G Lindsey, JS Chen, LX AF Zhang, Xiaoyi Wasinger, Erik C. Muresan, Ana Z. Attenkofer, Klaus Jennings, Guy Lindsey, Jonathan S. Chen, Lin X. TI Excited-state molecular structural dynamics of nickel porphyrins SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zhang, Xiaoyi; Attenkofer, Klaus; Jennings, Guy] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Muresan, Ana Z.; Lindsey, Jonathan S.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM xyzhang@aps.anl.gov; wasinger@anl.gov; lchen@anl.gov RI Lindsey, Jonathan/J-7761-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 512-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722807558 ER PT J AU Zhao, LL Muckerman, JT Newton, MD AF Zhao, Linlin Muckerman, James T. Newton, Marshall D. TI Density-functional calculations of the optical properties of GaN:ZnO solid solution SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zhao, Linlin; Muckerman, James T.; Newton, Marshall D.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM llznwbnl@bnl.gov; muckerma@bnl.gov; Newton@bnl.gov RI Muckerman, James/D-8752-2013; Jensen, Linlin/A-2272-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 374-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722807438 ER PT J AU Zhou, J Senanayake, SD Baddorf, AP Kalinin, SV Overbury, SH Mullins, DR AF Zhou, Jing Senanayake, Sanjaya D. Baddorf, Arthur P. Kalinin, Sergei V. Overbury, Steven H. Mullins, David R. TI In situ growth and characterization of reducible ceria thin films and ceria-supported metal nanoparticles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zhou, Jing; Senanayake, Sanjaya D.; Overbury, Steven H.; Mullins, David R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Baddorf, Arthur P.; Kalinin, Sergei V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zhouj1@ornl.gov; overburysh@ornl.gov; mullinsdr@ornl.gov RI Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012; Overbury, Steven/C-5108-2016; Baddorf, Arthur/I-1308-2016 OI Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152; Overbury, Steven/0000-0002-5137-3961; Baddorf, Arthur/0000-0001-7023-2382 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 552-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722801489 ER PT J AU Zhu, HG Overbury, SH Dai, S AF Zhu, Haoguo Overbury, Steven H. Dai, Sheng TI PETR 7-Hydrogenation and direct desulfurization reaction pathways in thiophene hydrodesulfurization over MoS2 catalysts at realistic conditions: A density functional study SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zhu, Haoguo; Overbury, Steven H.; Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zhuh@ornl.gov; overburysh@ornl.gov; dais@ornl.gov RI Overbury, Steven/C-5108-2016; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Overbury, Steven/0000-0002-5137-3961; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 30-PETR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722807184 ER PT J AU Zuo, XB Cui, GL Merz, KM Tiede, DM AF Zuo, Xiaobing Cui, Guanglei Merz, Kenneth M., Jr. Tiede, David M. TI Wide-angle solution X-ray scattering as benchmark of molecular dynamics simulations for supramolecules: From cyclodextrin to DNA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zuo, Xiaobing; Tiede, David M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Cui, Guanglei; Merz, Kenneth M., Jr.] Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Merz, Kenneth M., Jr.] Univ Florida, Quantum Theory Project, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM xiaobing.zuo@gmail.com; cui@qtp.ufl.edu; merz@qtp.ufl.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 27-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722807717 ER PT J AU Kim, KB Das, J Loser, W Lee, MH Kim, DH Roy, SK Eckert, J AF Kim, K. B. Das, J. Loeser, W. Lee, M. H. Kim, D. H. Roy, S. K. Eckert, J. TI Microstructural comparison of Zr73.5Nb9Cu7Ni1Al9.5 nanostructure-dendrite composites produced by different casting techniques SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Rapidly Quenched and Metastable Materials CY AUG 21-26, 2005 CL Jeju Isl, SOUTH KOREA DE nanostructure-dendrite composites; casting; microstructure; mechanical properties ID OMEGA-PHASE-FORMATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ENHANCED PLASTICITY; ALLOYS; DUCTILITY; AL AB Zr73.5Nb9Cu7Ni1Al9.5 (numbers indicate at.%) nanostructure-dendrite composites were fabricated using three different casting techniques: suction casting, centrifugal casting and arc-melting. The microstructure of the suction casting sample consists of micrometer-scale dendrites in a nanostructured matrix. However, some areas in the matrix contain nano-scale crystals together with an amorphous phase revealing an inhomogeneity of the specimen. On the contrary, the microstructures of the centrifugally-cast and the arc-melted samples are overall homogeneous, consisting of micrometer-scale dendrites that are homogeneously distributed in a nanostructured matrix. The dendrites correspond to a body centered cubic (bcc) beta-Zr phase, whereas the nanostructured matrix consists of body centered tetragonal (bct) Zr2Cu-type and hexagonal close-packed (hcp) MgZn2-type phases. The comparison of the microstructures of these two alloys reveals that the formation of nano-scale twins and a disordered omega-phase in the beta-Zr dendrites only happens in the centrifugally-cast sample. The differences in the phases and the microstructures between the differently prepared samples significantly influence the corresponding mechanical properties of the specimens. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sejong Univ, Dept Adv Mat Engn, Seoul 143747, South Korea. Leibniz Inst Festkorper & Werkstoffforsch Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. Leibniz Inst Festkorper & Werkstoffforsch Dresden, Inst Met Werkstoffe, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Yonsei Univ, Ctr Noncrystalline Mat, Dept Met Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Indian Inst Technol, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Kharagpur 721302, W Bengal, India. RP Kim, KB (reprint author), Sejong Univ, Dept Adv Mat Engn, 98 Gunja Dong, Seoul 143747, South Korea. EM kbkim@sejong.ac.kr RI Kim, Do Hyang/J-6575-2012; bang, changwook/J-7922-2012; Das, Jayanta/G-1559-2010 OI Das, Jayanta/0000-0001-8750-5463 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 449 BP 747 EP 751 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.02.370 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 153ZY UT WOS:000245477800169 ER PT J AU Nygaard, S Liu, Y Stein, PC Flood, AH Jeppesen, JO AF Nygaard, Sune Liu, Yi Stein, Paul C. Flood, Amar H. Jeppesen, Jan O. TI Using molecular force to overcome steric barriers in a springlike molecular ouroboros SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB A mechanically interlocked and self-complexing molecular ouroboros that incorporates the pi-electron-rich monopyrrolotetrathiafulvalene (MPTTF) unit and the it-electron-poor tetracationic macrocycle cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) (CBPQT(4+)) has been synthesized and characterized. The molecular ouroboros constitutes an interesting class of redox-active interlocked molecules that is structurally similar to the image of the Serpent biting its own tail, whereas, and towards advanced functionality, its mode of action resembles a wound spring. Electrochemical methods and short timescale UV-vis-NIR (NIR: near IR) chemical switching experiments verified the reversible oxidation and reduction of the molecular ouroboros akin to the build-up and release of tension in a spring. Building out from this concept, it was determined by the time evolution of the H-1 NMR and UV-vis-NIR spectra, however, that the initially interlocked molecular ouroboros is converted into a linear non-interlocked state by the employment of an appropriate oxidation-reduction cycle. The oxidation-induced dethreading process Occurs when the dicationic MPTTF2+ unit is kept within close proximity to the CBPQT(4)+ ring by the circular interlocked structure in order to maintain the electrostatic repulsive force between the MPTTF 21 unit and the CBPQT(4+) ring for longer periods of time. The resulting high-energy, and now tightly wound, interlocked conformation overcomes a steric barrier in many minutes, relaxing thermodynamically to form the lowest-energy linear state in an irreversible process that would otherwise be kinetically improbable without the oxidation. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ So Denmark, Dept Chem & Phys, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nygaard, S (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, 800 E Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM aflood@indiana.edu; joj@ifk.sdu.dk RI Liu, yi/A-3384-2008; Stein, Paul/M-9044-2015; Flood, Amar/B-3863-2016 OI Liu, yi/0000-0002-3954-6102; Stein, Paul/0000-0002-7723-1419; NR 2 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD MAR 23 PY 2007 VL 17 IS 5 BP 751 EP 762 DI 10.1002/adfm.200600907 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 156YH UT WOS:000245685300008 ER PT J AU Gritti, F Guiochon, G AF Gritti, Fabrice Guiochon, Georges TI The bandwidth in gradient elution chromatography with a retained organic modifier SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE gradient elution chromatography; preparative chromatography; overloaded band profiles; heterogeneous adsorbent surface; C-1-bonded stationary phases; general isotherm modeling ID PHASE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; OPTIMIZATION; EQUATION; COLUMN; RETENTION AB The variance of a chromatographic band is derived in the case of RPLC gradient elution when the organic modifier is significantly retained onto the stationary phase. This derivation is based on the extension of a model due to Poppe et al. [H. Poppe, J. Paanakker, M. Bronckhorst, J. Chromatogr., 204 (1981) 77] which assumes that the gradient front remains unchanged and propagates along the column at the same speed as the mobile phase, following piston flow. Theoretical and experimental results are compared in the case of caffeine on a C-1-silica stationary phase eluted with an acetonitrile gradient. The actual retention behaviors of caffeine and acetonitrile were implemented in the theoretical calculations. The model predicts compression factors between 0.71 and 0.34 for relatively smooth gradient steepness, beta t(0), between 0.009 and 0.054 while the corresponding experimental band compression factors vary between 1.01 and 0.43 for the very same gradient steepness. The model underestimation of these factors arises likely from the strong deviation of the actual retention behavior from the prediction of the Linear Solvent Strength Model (LSSM). (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu NR 26 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAR 23 PY 2007 VL 1145 IS 1-2 BP 67 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.01.056 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 151OG UT WOS:000245299400004 PM 17280680 ER PT J AU Papagiannis, CV Sam, MD Abbani, MA Yoo, D Cascio, D Clubb, RT Johnson, RC AF Papagiannis, Christie V. Sam, My D. Abbani, Mohamad A. Yoo, Daniel Cascio, Duilio Clubb, Robert T. Johnson, Reid C. TI Fis targets assembly of the Xis nucleoprotein filament to promote excisive recombination by phage lambda SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE site-specific DNA recombination; DNA architectural proteins; DNA bending; nonspecific DNA binding; X-ray crystallography ID SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMBINATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BACTERIOPHAGE-LAMBDA; DNA-BINDING; TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATION; STRUCTURAL BASIS; GROWTH-PHASE; PROTEIN FIS; INTEGRASE; COMPLEX AB The phage-encoded Xis protein is the major determinant controlling the direction of recombination in phage lambda. Xis is a winged-helix DNA binding protein that cooperatively binds to the attR recombination site to generate a curved microfilament, which promotes assembly of the excisive intasome but inhibits formation of an integrative intasome. We find that lambda synthesizes surprisingly high levels of Xis immediately upon prophage induction when excision rates are maximal. However, because of its low sequence-specific binding activity exemplified by a 1.9 angstrom co-crystal structure of a non-specifically bound DNA complex, Xis is relatively ineffective at promoting excision in vivo in the absence of the host Fis protein. Fis binds to a segment in attR that almost entirely overlaps one of the Xis binding sites. Instead of sterically excluding Xis binding from this site as has been previously believed, we show that Fis enhances binding of all three Xis protomers to generate the microfilament. A specific Fis-Xis interface is supported by the effects of mutations within each protein, and relaxed, but not completely sequence-neutral, binding by the central Xis protomer is supported by the effects of DNA mutations. We present a structural model for the 50 bp curved Fis-Xis cooperative complex that is assembled between the arm and core Int binding sites whose trajectory places constraints on models for the excisive intasome structure. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE Inst Geonom & Prote, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Johnson, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM rcjohnson@mednet.ucla.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R37 GM038509, R01 GM057487, GM57487, GM38509, R01 GM038509] NR 53 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD MAR 23 PY 2007 VL 367 IS 2 BP 328 EP 343 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.12.071 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 146TX UT WOS:000244958700004 PM 17275024 ER PT J AU Mesentean, S Koppole, S Smith, JC Fischer, S AF Mesentean, Sidonia Koppole, Sampath Smith, Jeremy C. Fischer, Stefan TI The principal motions involved in the coupling mechanism of the recovery stroke of the myosin motor SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE principal component analysis; conformational change; chemomechanical coupling; muscle contraction; involvement coefficients ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; NORMAL-MODE ANALYSIS; X-RAY STRUCTURES; COLLECTIVE MOTIONS; MUSCLE-CONTRACTION; COMPONENT ANALYSIS; STRUCTURAL MECHANISM; PROTEIN DYNAMICS; WATER; HYDROLYSIS AB Muscle contraction is driven by a cycle of conformational changes in the myosin 11 head. After myosin binds ATP and releases from the actin fibril, myosin prepares for the next power stroke by rotating back the converter domain that carries the lever arm by 60 degrees. This recovery stroke is coupled to the activation of myosin ATPase by a mechanism that is essential for an efficient motor cycle. The mechanics of this coupling have been proposed to occur via two distinct and successive motions of the two helices that hold the converter domain: in a first phase a seesaw motion of the relay helix, followed by a piston-like motion of the SH1 helix in a second phase. To test this model, we have determined the principal motions of these structural elements during equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations of the crystallographic end states of the recovery-stroke by using principal component analysis. This reveals that the only principal motions of these two helices that make a large-amplitude contribution towards the conformational change of the recovery stroke are indeed the predicted seesaw and piston motions. Moreover, the results demonstrate that the seesaw motion of the relay helix dominates in the dynamics of the prerecovery stroke structure, but not in the dynamics of the post-recovery stroke structure, and vice versa for the piston motion of the SH1 helix. This is consistent with the order of the proposed two-phase model for the coupling mechanism of the recovery stroke. Molecular movies of these principal motions are available at http://www.iwr.uni-heidelberg.de/ groups /biocomp/fischer. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Heidelberg, IWR, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Biophys Mol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fischer, S (reprint author), Univ Heidelberg, IWR, Kirschnerstr 1, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. EM stefan.fischer@iwr.uni-heidelberg.de RI smith, jeremy/B-7287-2012 OI smith, jeremy/0000-0002-2978-3227 NR 51 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD MAR 23 PY 2007 VL 367 IS 2 BP 591 EP 602 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.12.058 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 146TX UT WOS:000244958700023 PM 17275022 ER PT J AU Williams, RS Tainer, JA AF Williams, R. Scott Tainer, John A. TI Learning our ABCs: Rad50 directs MRN repair functions via adenylate kinase activity from the conserved ATP binding cassette SO MOLECULAR CELL LA English DT Editorial Material ID TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR; DNA; COMPLEX; TRANSPORTER C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Biol Mol, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tainer, JA (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd,MB4, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM jat@scripps.edu RI Williams, Robert/A-6059-2015 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1097-2765 J9 MOL CELL JI Mol. Cell PD MAR 23 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 6 BP 789 EP 791 DI 10.1016/j.molcel.2007.03.004 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 154NI UT WOS:000245513900001 PM 17386254 ER PT J AU Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adams, M Adams, T Aguilo, E Ahn, SH Ahsan, M Alexeev, GD Alkhazov, G Alton, A Alverson, G Alves, GA Anastasoaie, M Ancu, LS Andeen, T Anderson, S Andrieu, B Anzelc, MS Arnoud, Y Arov, M Askew, A Asman, B Jesus, ACSA Atramentov, O Autermann, C Avila, C Ay, C Badaud, F Baden, A Bagby, L Baldin, B Bandurin, DV Banerjee, P Banerjee, S Barberis, E Barfuss, AF Bargassa, P Baringer, P Barnes, C Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Beale, S Bean, A Begalli, M Begel, M Belanger-Champagne, C Bellantoni, L Bellavance, A Benitez, JA Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bernhard, R Berntzon, L Bertram, I Besancon, M Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Binder, M Biscarat, C Blackler, I Blazey, G Blekman, F Blessing, S Bloch, D Bloom, K Boehnlein, A Boline, D Bolton, TA Borissov, G Bos, K Bose, T Brandt, A Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Brown, D Buchanan, NJ Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Burdin, S Burke, S Burnett, TH Busato, E Buszello, CP Butler, JM Calfayan, P Calvet, S Cammin, J Caron, S Carvalho, W Casey, BCK Cason, NM Castilla-Valdez, H Chakrabarti, S Chakraborty, D Chan, K Chan, KM Chandra, A Charles, F Cheu, E Chevallier, F Cho, DK Choi, S Choudhary, B Christofek, L Christoudias, T Claes, D Clement, B Clement, C Coadou, Y Cooke, M Cooper, WE Corcoran, M Couderc, F Cousinou, MC Cox, B Crepe-Renaudin, S Cutts, D Cwiok, M da Motta, H Das, A Davies, B Davies, G De, K de Jong, P de Jong, SJ De La Cruz-Burelo, E Martins, CD Degenhardt, JD Deliot, F Demarteau, M Demina, R Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Doidge, M Dominguez, A Dong, H Dudko, LV Duflot, L Dugad, SR Duggan, D Duperrin, A Dyer, J Dyshkant, A Eads, M Edmunds, D Ellison, J Elvira, VD Enari, Y Eno, S Ermolov, P Evans, H Evdokimov, A Evdokimov, VN Ferapontov, AV Ferbel, T Fiedler, F Filthaut, F Fisher, W Fisk, HE Ford, M Fortner, M Fox, H Fu, S Fuess, S Gadfort, T Galea, CF Gallas, E Galyaev, E Garcia, C Garcia-Bellido, A Gavrilov, V Gay, P Geist, W Gele, D Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gillberg, D Ginther, G Gollub, N Gomez, B Goussiou, A Grannis, PD Greenlee, H Greenwood, ZD Gregores, EM Grenier, G Gris, P Grivaz, JF Grohsjean, A Grunendahl, S Grunewald, MW Guo, F Guo, J Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Haas, A Hadley, NJ Haefner, P Hagopian, S Haley, J Hall, I Hall, RE Han, L Hanagaki, K Hansson, P Harder, K Harel, A Harrington, R Hauptman, JM Hauser, R Hays, J Hebbeker, T Hedin, D Hegeman, JG Heinmiller, JM Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hensel, C Herner, K Hesketh, G Hildreth, MD Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hoeth, H Hohlfeld, M Hong, SJ Hooper, R Houben, P Hu, Y Hubacek, Z Hynek, V Iashvili, I Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jabeen, S Jaffre, M Jain, S Jakobs, K Jarvis, C Jenkins, A Jesik, R Johns, K Johnson, C Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jonsson, P Juste, A Kafer, D Kahn, S Kajfasz, E Kalinin, AM Kalk, JM Kalk, JR Kappler, S Karmanov, D Kasper, J Kasper, P Katsanos, I Kau, D Kaur, R Kehoe, R Kermiche, S Khalatyan, N Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Kharzheev, YM Khatidze, D Kim, H Kim, TJ Kirby, MH Klima, B Kohli, JM Konrath, JP Kopal, M Korablev, VM Kotcher, J Kothari, B Koubarovsky, A Kozelov, AV Krop, D Kryemadhi, A Kuhl, T Kumar, A Kunori, S Kupco, A Kurca, T Kvita, J Lam, D Lammers, S Landsberg, G Lazoflores, J Lebrun, P Lee, WM Leflat, A Lehner, F Lesne, V Leveque, J Lewis, P Li, J Li, L Li, QZ Lietti, SM Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linnemann, J Lipaev, VV Lipton, R Liu, Z Lobo, L Lobodenko, A Lokajicek, M Lounis, A Love, P Lubatti, HJ Lynker, M Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Mattig, P Magass, C Magerkurth, A Makovec, N Mal, PK Malbouisson, HB Malik, S Malyshev, VL Mao, HS Maravin, Y Martin, B McCarthy, R Melnitchouk, A Mendes, A Mendoza, L Mercadante, PG Merkin, M Merritt, KW Meyer, A Meyer, J Michaut, M Miettinen, H Millet, T Mitrevski, J Molina, J Mommsen, RK Mondal, NK Monk, J Moore, RW Moulik, T Muanza, GS Mulders, M Mulhearn, M Mundal, O Mundim, L Nagy, E Naimuddin, M Narain, M Naumann, NA Neal, HA Negret, JP Neustroev, P Nilsen, H Noeding, C Nomerotski, A Novaes, SF Nunnemann, T O'Dell, V O'Neil, DC Obrant, G Ochando, C Oguri, V Oliveira, N Onoprienko, D Oshima, N Osta, J Otec, R Garzon, GJOY Owen, M Padley, P Pangilinan, M Parashar, N Park, SJ Park, SK Parsons, J Partridge, R Parua, N Patwa, A Pawloski, G Perea, PM Peters, K Peters, Y Petroff, P Petteni, M Piegaia, R Piper, J Pleier, MA Podesta-Lerma, PLM Podstavkov, VM Pogorelov, Y Pol, ME Pompos, A Pope, BG Popov, AV Potter, C da Silva, WLP Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quadt, A Quinn, B Rangel, MS Rani, KJ Ranjan, K Ratoff, PN Renkel, P Reucroft, S Rijssenbeek, M Ripp-Baudot, I Rizatdinova, F Robinson, S Rodrigues, RF Royon, C Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Sajot, G Sanchez-Hernandez, A Sanders, MP Santoro, A Savage, G Sawyer, L Scanlon, T Schaile, D Schamberger, RD Scheglov, Y Schellman, H Schieferdecker, P Schmitt, C Schwanenberger, C Schwartzman, A Schwienhorst, R Sekaric, J Sengupta, S Severini, H Shabalina, E Shamim, M Shary, V Shchukin, AA Shivpuri, RK Shpakov, D Siccardi, V Sidwell, RA Simak, V Sirotenko, V Skubic, P Slattery, P Smirnov, D Smith, RP Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Soeldner-Rembold, S Sonnenschein, L Sopczak, A Sosebee, M Soustruznik, K Souza, M Spurlock, B Stark, J Steele, J Stolin, V Stone, A Stoyanova, DA Strandberg, J Strandberg, S Strang, MA Strauss, M Strohmer, R Strom, D Strovink, M Stutte, L Sumowidagdo, S Svoisky, P Sznajder, A Talby, M Tamburello, P Taylor, W Telford, P Temple, J Tiller, B Tissandier, F Titov, M Tokmenin, VV Tomoto, M Toole, T Torchiani, I Trefzger, T Trincaz-Duvoid, S Tsybychev, D Tuchming, B Tully, C Tuts, PM Unalan, R Uvarov, L Uvarov, S Uzunyan, S Vachon, B van den Berg, PJ van Eijk, B Van Kooten, R van Leeuwen, WM Varelas, N Varnes, EW Vartapetian, A Vasilyev, IA Vaupel, M Verdier, P Vertogradov, LS Verzocchi, M Villeneuve-Seguier, F Vint, P Vlimant, JR Von Toerne, E Voutilainen, M Vreeswijk, M Wahl, HD Wang, L Swang, MHL Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weber, G Weber, M Weerts, H Wenger, A Wermes, N Wetstein, M White, A Wicke, D Wilson, GW Wimpenny, SJ Wobisch, M Wood, DR Wyatt, TR Xie, Y Yacoob, S Yamada, R Yan, M Yasuda, T Yatsunenko, YA Yip, K Yoo, HD Youn, SW Yu, C Yu, J Yurkewicz, A Zatserklyaniy, A Zeitnitz, C Zhang, D Zhao, T Zhou, B Zhu, J Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zutshi, V Zverev, EG AF Abazov, V. M. Abbott, B. Abolins, M. Acharya, B. S. Adams, M. Adams, T. Aguilo, E. Ahn, S. H. Ahsan, M. Alexeev, G. D. Alkhazov, G. Alton, A. Alverson, G. Alves, G. A. Anastasoaie, M. Ancu, L. S. Andeen, T. Anderson, S. Andrieu, B. Anzelc, M. S. Arnoud, Y. Arov, M. Askew, A. Asman, B. Assis Jesus, A. C. S. Atramentov, O. Autermann, C. Avila, C. Ay, C. Badaud, F. Baden, A. Bagby, L. Baldin, B. Bandurin, D. V. Banerjee, P. Banerjee, S. Barberis, E. Barfuss, A. -F. Bargassa, P. Baringer, P. Barnes, C. Barreto, J. Bartlett, J. F. Bassler, U. Bauer, D. Beale, S. Bean, A. Begalli, M. Begel, M. Belanger-Champagne, C. Bellantoni, L. Bellavance, A. Benitez, J. A. Beri, S. B. Bernardi, G. Bernhard, R. Berntzon, L. Bertram, I. Besancon, M. Beuselinck, R. Bezzubov, V. A. Bhat, P. C. Bhatnagar, V. Binder, M. Biscarat, C. Blackler, I. Blazey, G. Blekman, F. Blessing, S. Bloch, D. Bloom, K. Boehnlein, A. Boline, D. Bolton, T. A. Borissov, G. Bos, K. Bose, T. Brandt, A. Brock, R. Brooijmans, G. Bross, A. Brown, D. Buchanan, N. J. Buchholz, D. Buehler, M. Buescher, V. Burdin, S. Burke, S. Burnett, T. H. Busato, E. Buszello, C. P. Butler, J. M. Calfayan, P. Calvet, S. Cammin, J. Caron, S. Carvalho, W. Casey, B. C. K. Cason, N. M. Castilla-Valdez, H. Chakrabarti, S. Chakraborty, D. Chan, K. Chan, K. M. Chandra, A. Charles, F. Cheu, E. Chevallier, F. Cho, D. K. Choi, S. Choudhary, B. Christofek, L. Christoudias, T. Claes, D. Clement, B. Clement, C. Coadou, Y. Cooke, M. Cooper, W. E. Corcoran, M. Couderc, F. Cousinou, M. -C. Cox, B. Crepe-Renaudin, S. Cutts, D. Cwiok, M. da Motta, H. Das, A. Davies, B. Davies, G. De, K. de Jong, P. de Jong, S. J. De La Cruz-Burelo, E. Martins, C. De Oliveira Degenhardt, J. D. Deliot, F. Demarteau, M. Demina, R. Denisov, D. Denisov, S. P. Desai, S. Diehl, H. T. Diesburg, M. Doidge, M. Dominguez, A. Dong, H. Dudko, L. V. Duflot, L. Dugad, S. R. Duggan, D. Duperrin, A. Dyer, J. Dyshkant, A. Eads, M. Edmunds, D. Ellison, J. Elvira, V. D. Enari, Y. Eno, S. Ermolov, P. Evans, H. Evdokimov, A. Evdokimov, V. N. Ferapontov, A. V. Ferbel, T. Fiedler, F. Filthaut, F. Fisher, W. Fisk, H. E. Ford, M. Fortner, M. Fox, H. Fu, S. Fuess, S. Gadfort, T. Galea, C. F. Gallas, E. Galyaev, E. Garcia, C. Garcia-Bellido, A. Gavrilov, V. Gay, P. Geist, W. Gele, D. Gerber, C. E. Gershtein, Y. Gillberg, D. Ginther, G. Gollub, N. Gomez, B. Goussiou, A. Grannis, P. D. Greenlee, H. Greenwood, Z. D. Gregores, E. M. Grenier, G. Gris, Ph. Grivaz, J. -F. Grohsjean, A. Gruenendahl, S. Gruenewald, M. W. Guo, F. Guo, J. Gutierrez, G. Gutierrez, P. Haas, A. Hadley, N. J. Haefner, P. Hagopian, S. Haley, J. Hall, I. Hall, R. E. Han, L. Hanagaki, K. Hansson, P. Harder, K. Harel, A. Harrington, R. Hauptman, J. M. Hauser, R. Hays, J. Hebbeker, T. Hedin, D. Hegeman, J. G. Heinmiller, J. M. Heinson, A. P. Heintz, U. Hensel, C. Herner, K. Hesketh, G. Hildreth, M. D. Hirosky, R. Hobbs, J. D. Hoeneisen, B. Hoeth, H. Hohlfeld, M. Hong, S. J. Hooper, R. Houben, P. Hu, Y. Hubacek, Z. Hynek, V. Iashvili, I. Illingworth, R. Ito, A. S. Jabeen, S. Jaffre, M. Jain, S. Jakobs, K. Jarvis, C. Jenkins, A. Jesik, R. Johns, K. Johnson, C. Johnson, M. Jonckheere, A. Jonsson, P. Juste, A. Kaefer, D. Kahn, S. Kajfasz, E. Kalinin, A. M. Kalk, J. M. Kalk, J. R. Kappler, S. Karmanov, D. Kasper, J. Kasper, P. Katsanos, I. Kau, D. Kaur, R. Kehoe, R. Kermiche, S. Khalatyan, N. Khanov, A. Kharchilava, A. Kharzheev, Y. M. Khatidze, D. Kim, H. Kim, T. J. Kirby, M. H. Klima, B. Kohli, J. M. Konrath, J. -P. Kopal, M. Korablev, V. M. Kotcher, J. Kothari, B. Koubarovsky, A. Kozelov, A. V. Krop, D. Kryemadhi, A. Kuhl, T. Kumar, A. Kunori, S. Kupco, A. Kurca, T. Kvita, J. Lam, D. Lammers, S. Landsberg, G. Lazoflores, J. Lebrun, P. Lee, W. M. Leflat, A. Lehner, F. Lesne, V. Leveque, J. Lewis, P. Li, J. Li, L. Li, Q. Z. Lietti, S. M. Lima, J. G. R. Lincoln, D. Linnemann, J. Lipaev, V. V. Lipton, R. Liu, Z. Lobo, L. Lobodenko, A. Lokajicek, M. Lounis, A. Love, P. Lubatti, H. J. Lynker, M. Lyon, A. L. Maciel, A. K. A. Madaras, R. J. Mattig, P. Magass, C. Magerkurth, A. Makovec, N. Mal, P. K. Malbouisson, H. B. Malik, S. Malyshev, V. L. Mao, H. S. Maravin, Y. Martin, B. McCarthy, R. Melnitchouk, A. Mendes, A. Mendoza, L. Mercadante, P. G. Merkin, M. Merritt, K. W. Meyer, A. Meyer, J. Michaut, M. Miettinen, H. Millet, T. Mitrevski, J. Molina, J. Mommsen, R. K. Mondal, N. K. Monk, J. Moore, R. W. Moulik, T. Muanza, G. S. Mulders, M. Mulhearn, M. Mundal, O. Mundim, L. Nagy, E. Naimuddin, M. Narain, M. Naumann, N. A. Neal, H. A. Negret, J. P. Neustroev, P. Nilsen, H. Noeding, C. Nomerotski, A. Novaes, S. F. Nunnemann, T. O'Dell, V. O'Neil, D. C. Obrant, G. Ochando, C. Oguri, V. Oliveira, N. Onoprienko, D. Oshima, N. Osta, J. Otec, R. Otero y Garzon, G. J. Owen, M. Padley, P. Pangilinan, M. Parashar, N. Park, S. -J. Park, S. K. Parsons, J. Partridge, R. Parua, N. Patwa, A. Pawloski, G. Perea, P. M. Peters, K. Peters, Y. Petroff, P. Petteni, M. Piegaia, R. Piper, J. Pleier, M. -A. Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M. Podstavkov, V. M. Pogorelov, Y. Pol, M. -E. Pompos, A. Pope, B. G. Popov, A. V. Potter, C. Prado da Silva, W. L. Prosper, H. B. Protopopescu, S. Qian, J. Quadt, A. Quinn, B. Rangel, M. S. Rani, K. J. Ranjan, K. Ratoff, P. N. Renkel, P. Reucroft, S. Rijssenbeek, M. Ripp-Baudot, I. Rizatdinova, F. Robinson, S. Rodrigues, R. F. Royon, C. Rubinov, P. Ruchti, R. Sajot, G. Sanchez-Hernandez, A. Sanders, M. P. Santoro, A. Savage, G. Sawyer, L. Scanlon, T. Schaile, D. Schamberger, R. D. Scheglov, Y. Schellman, H. Schieferdecker, P. Schmitt, C. Schwanenberger, C. Schwartzman, A. Schwienhorst, R. Sekaric, J. Sengupta, S. Severini, H. Shabalina, E. Shamim, M. Shary, V. Shchukin, A. A. Shivpuri, R. K. Shpakov, D. Siccardi, V. Sidwell, R. A. Simak, V. Sirotenko, V. Skubic, P. Slattery, P. Smirnov, D. Smith, R. P. Snow, G. R. Snow, J. Snyder, S. Soeldner-Rembold, S. Sonnenschein, L. Sopczak, A. Sosebee, M. Soustruznik, K. Souza, M. Spurlock, B. Stark, J. Steele, J. Stolin, V. Stone, A. Stoyanova, D. A. Strandberg, J. Strandberg, S. Strang, M. A. Strauss, M. Stroehmer, R. Strom, D. Strovink, M. Stutte, L. Sumowidagdo, S. Svoisky, P. Sznajder, A. Talby, M. Tamburello, P. Taylor, W. Telford, P. Temple, J. Tiller, B. Tissandier, F. Titov, M. Tokmenin, V. V. Tomoto, M. Toole, T. Torchiani, I. Trefzger, T. Trincaz-Duvoid, S. Tsybychev, D. Tuchming, B. Tully, C. Tuts, P. M. Unalan, R. Uvarov, L. Uvarov, S. Uzunyan, S. Vachon, B. van den Berg, P. J. van Eijk, B. Van Kooten, R. van Leeuwen, W. M. Varelas, N. Varnes, E. W. Vartapetian, A. Vasilyev, I. A. Vaupel, M. Verdier, P. Vertogradov, L. S. Verzocchi, M. Villeneuve-Seguier, F. Vint, P. Vlimant, J. -R. Von Toerne, E. Voutilainen, M. Vreeswijk, M. Wahl, H. D. Wang, L. Swang, M. H. L. Warchol, J. Watts, G. Wayne, M. Weber, G. Weber, M. Weerts, H. Wenger, A. Wermes, N. Wetstein, M. White, A. Wicke, D. Wilson, G. W. Wimpenny, S. J. Wobisch, M. Wood, D. R. Wyatt, T. R. Xie, Y. Yacoob, S. Yamada, R. Yan, M. Yasuda, T. Yatsunenko, Y. A. Yip, K. Yoo, H. D. Youn, S. W. Yu, C. Yu, J. Yurkewicz, A. Zatserklyaniy, A. Zeitnitz, C. Zhang, D. Zhao, T. Zhou, B. Zhu, J. Zielinski, M. Zieminska, D. Zieminski, A. Zutshi, V. Zverev, E. G. CA D0 Collaboration TI Lifetime difference and CP-violating phase in the B-s(0) system SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB From an analysis of the decay B-s(0)-> J/psi phi, we obtain the width difference between the light and heavy mass eigenstates Delta Gamma equivalent to(Gamma(L)-Gamma(H))=0.17 +/- 0.09(stat)+/- 0.02(syst) ps(-1) and the CP-violating phase phi(s)=-0.79 +/- 0.56(stat)(-0.01)(+0.14)(syst). Under the hypothesis of no CP violation (phi(s)equivalent to 0), we obtain 1/Gamma=tau/(B-s(0))=1.52 +/- 0.08(stat)(-0.03)(+0.01)(syst) ps and Delta Gamma=0.12(-0.10)(+0.08)(stat)+/- 0.02(syst) ps(-1). The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of about 1.1 fb(-1) accumulated with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. This is the first direct measurement of the CP-violating mixing phase in the B-s(0) system. C1 Univ Buenos Aires, RA-1053 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, LAFEX, BR-20000 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estad Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Fis Teor, BR-01405 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. York Univ, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei, Peoples R China. Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. Charles Univ Prague, Ctr Particle Phys, CR-11636 Prague 1, Czech Republic. Czech Tech Univ, CR-16635 Prague, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Ctr Particle Phys, CR-10400 Prague, Czech Republic. Univ San Francisco Quito, Quito, Ecuador. Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, Phys Corpusculaire Lab, IN2P3, Clermont Ferrand, France. Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, F-38026 Grenoble, France. Univ Aix Marseille 2, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France. Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91400 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IN2P3, LPNHE, F-75005 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, F-75005 Paris, France. CEA Saclay, Serv Phys Particules, DAPNIA, Saclay, France. Univ Strasbourg, CNRS, IN2P3, IPHC, F-67070 Strasbourg, France. Univ Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France. Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, IN2P3, IPNL, Villeurbanne, France. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst A 3, D-5100 Aachen, Germany. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Univ Munich, D-8000 Munich, Germany. Univ Wuppertal, Fachbereich Phys, Wuppertal, Germany. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. Korea Univ, Korea Detector Lab, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon, South Korea. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. Univ Amsterdam, NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. NIKHEF, FOM Inst, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Radboud Univ Nijmegen, NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Joint Nucl Res Inst, Dubna 141980, Russia. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. Lund Univ, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. Univ Stockholm, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Royal Inst Technol, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, S-75105 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Purdue Univ Calumet, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Lancaster, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Abazov, VM (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, RA-1053 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RI Oguri, Vitor/B-5403-2013; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/F-1812-2010; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Deliot, Frederic/F-3321-2014; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/F-9057-2014; Christoudias, Theodoros/E-7305-2015; KIM, Tae Jeong/P-7848-2015; Guo, Jun/O-5202-2015; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015; Bargassa, Pedrame/O-2417-2016; Mercadante, Pedro/K-1918-2012; Telford, Paul/B-6253-2011; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Mundim, Luiz/A-1291-2012; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Fisher, Wade/N-4491-2013; Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012 OI Belanger-Champagne, Camille/0000-0003-2368-2617; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/0000-0001-5068-6723; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/0000-0002-7161-2616; Christoudias, Theodoros/0000-0001-9050-3880; KIM, Tae Jeong/0000-0001-8336-2434; Guo, Jun/0000-0001-8125-9433; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; Bean, Alice/0000-0001-5967-8674; Bargassa, Pedrame/0000-0001-8612-3332; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Mundim, Luiz/0000-0001-9964-7805; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549 NR 10 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 23 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 12 AR 121801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.121801 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 149GP UT WOS:000245135400012 PM 17501111 ER PT J AU Abulencia, A Adelman, J Affolder, T Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Anikeev, K Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Arguin, JF Arisawa, T Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Azzurri, P Bacchetta, N Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Bartsch, V Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Belloni, A Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Beringer, J Berry, T Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Boisvert, V Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Boveia, A Brau, B Brigliadori, L Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Budd, S Budroni, S Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canelli, F Canepa, A Carrillo, S Carlsmith, D Carosi, R Carron, S Casarsa, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cavalli-Sforza, M Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chang, SH Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, I Cho, K Chokheli, D Chou, JP Choudalakis, G Chuang, SH Chung, K Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciljak, M Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, A Clark, D Coca, M Compostella, G Convery, ME Conway, J Cooper, B Copic, K Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Crescioli, F Almenar, CC Cuevas, J Culbertson, R Cully, JC Cyr, D DaRonco, S D'Auria, S Davies, T D'Onofrio, M Dagenhart, D de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S Deisher, A De Lentdecker, G Dell'Orso, M Paoli, FD Demortier, L Deng, J Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Di Giovanni, GP Dionisi, C Di Ruzza, B Dittmann, JR DiTuro, P Dorr, C Donati, S Donega, M Dong, P Donini, J Dorigo, T Dube, S Efron, J Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, I Fedorko, WT Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Field, R Flanagan, G Foland, A Forrester, S Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, JC Furic, I Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garcia, JE Garberson, F Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Gerberich, H Gerdes, D Giagu, S Giannetti, P Gibson, A Gibson, K Gimmell, JL Ginsburg, C Giokaris, N Giordani, M Giromini, P Giunta, M Giurgiu, G Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, J Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gonzalez, O Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Goulianos, K Gresele, A Griffiths, M Grinstein, S Grosso-Pilcher, C Group, RC Grundler, U da Costa, JG Gunay-Unalan, Z Haber, C Hahn, K Hahn, SR Halkiadakis, E Hamilton, A Han, BY Han, JY Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, M Harper, S Harr, RF Harris, RM Hartz, M Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heijboer, A Heinemann, B Heinrich, J Henderson, C Herndon, M Heuser, J Hidas, D Hill, CS Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Holloway, A Hou, S Houlden, M Hsu, SC Huffman, BT Hughes, RE Husemann, U Huston, J Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ishizawa, Y Ivanov, A Iyutin, B James, E Jang, D Jayatilaka, B Jeans, D Jensen, H Jeon, EJ Jindariani, S Jones, M Joo, KK Jun, SY Jung, JE Junk, TR Kamon, T Karchin, PE Kato, Y Kemp, Y Kephart, R Kerzel, U Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kimura, N Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Klute, M Knuteson, B Ko, BR Kondo, K Kong, DJ Konigsberg, J Korytov, A Kotwal, AV Kovalev, A Kraan, AC Kraus, J Kravchenko, I Kreps, M Kroll, J Krumnack, N Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kubo, T Kuhlmann, SE Kuhr, T Kusakabe, Y Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Labarga, L Lai, S Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, M Lander, RL Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lazzizzera, I LeCompte, T Lee, J Lee, J Lee, YJ Lee, SW Lefevre, R Leonardo, N Leone, S Levy, S Lewis, JD Lin, C Lin, CS Lindgren, M Lipeles, E Liss, TM Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, T Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Loverre, P Lu, RS Lucchesi, D Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lyons, L Lys, J Lysak, R Lytken, E Mack, P MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Makhoul, K Maki, T Maksimovic, P Malde, S Manca, G Margaroli, F Marginean, R Marino, C Marino, CP Martin, A Martin, M Martin, V Martinez, M Maruyama, T Mastrandrea, P Masubuchi, T Matsunaga, H Mattson, ME Mazini, R Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Mehtala, P Menzemer, S Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Messina, A Miao, T Miladinovic, N Miles, J Miller, R Mills, C Milnik, M Mitra, A Mitselmakher, G Miyamoto, A Moed, S Moggi, N Mohr, B Moore, R Morello, M Fernandez, PM Mulmenstadt, J Mukherjee, A Muller, T Mumford, R Murat, P Nachtman, J Nagano, A Naganoma, J Nahn, S Nakano, I Napier, A Necula, V Neu, C Neubauer, MS Nielsen, J Nigmanov, T Nodulman, L Norniella, O Nurse, E Oh, SH Oh, YD Oksuzian, I Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Osterberg, K Pagliarone, C Palencia, E Papadimitriou, V Paramonov, AA Parks, B Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, DE Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pinera, L Pitts, K Plager, C Pondrom, L Portell, X Poukhov, O Pounder, N Prokoshin, F Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptochos, F Punzi, G Pursley, J Rademacker, J Rahaman, A Ranjan, N Rappoccio, S Reisert, B Rekovic, V Renton, P Rescigno, M Richter, S Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rogers, E Rolli, S Roser, R Rossi, M Rossin, R Ruiz, A Russ, J Rusu, V Saarikko, H Sabik, S Safonov, A Sakumoto, WK Salamanna, G Salto, O Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Santi, L Sarkar, S Sartori, L Sato, K Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Scheidle, T Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Schwarz, T Scodellaro, L Scott, AL Scribano, A Scuri, F Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Sexton-Kennedy, L Sfyrla, A Shapiro, MD Shears, T Shepard, PF Sherman, D Shimojima, M Shochet, M Shon, Y Shreyber, I Sidoti, A Sinervo, P Sisakyan, A Sjolin, J Slaughter, AJ Slaunwhite, J Sliwa, K Smith, JR Snider, FD Snihur, R Soderberg, M Soha, A Somalwar, S Sorin, V Spalding, J Spinella, F Spreitzer, T Squillacioti, P Stanitzki, M Staveris-Polykalas, A St Denis, R Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Stentz, D Strologas, J Stuart, D Suh, JS Sukhanov, A Sun, H Suzuki, T Taffard, A Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tanaka, R Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Tesarek, RJ Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Tipton, P Tiwari, V Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tokar, S Tollefson, K Tomura, T Tonelli, D Torre, S Torretta, D Tourneur, S Trischuk, W Tsuchiya, R Tsuno, S Turini, N Ukegawa, F Unverhau, T Uozumi, S Usynin, D Vallecorsa, S Van Remortel, N Varganov, A Vataga, E Vazquez, F Velev, G Veramendi, G Veszpremi, V Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Vine, T Vollrath, I Volobouev, I Volpi, G Wurthwein, F Wagner, P Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, J Wagner, W Wallny, R Wang, SM Warburton, A Waschke, S Waters, D Weinberger, M Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Whiteson, D Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, G Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolfe, C Wright, T Wu, X Wynne, SM Yagil, A Yamamoto, K Yamaoka, J Yamashita, T Yang, C Yang, UK Yang, YC Yao, WM Yeh, GP Yoh, J Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, GB Yu, I Yu, SS Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zaw, I Zhang, X Zhou, J Zucchelli, S AF Abulencia, A. Adelman, J. Affolder, T. Akimoto, T. Albrow, M. G. Ambrose, D. Amerio, S. Amidei, D. Anastassov, A. Anikeev, K. Annovi, A. Antos, J. Aoki, M. Apollinari, G. Arguin, J. -F. Arisawa, T. Artikov, A. Ashmanskas, W. Attal, A. Azfar, F. Azzi-Bacchetta, P. Azzurri, P. Bacchetta, N. Badgett, W. Barbaro-Galtieri, A. Barnes, V. E. Barnett, B. A. Baroiant, S. Bartsch, V. Bauer, G. Bedeschi, F. Behari, S. Belforte, S. Bellettini, G. Bellinger, J. Belloni, A. Benjamin, D. Beretvas, A. Beringer, J. Berry, T. Bhatti, A. Binkley, M. Bisello, D. Blair, R. E. Blocker, C. Blumenfeld, B. Bocci, A. Bodek, A. Boisvert, V. Bolla, G. Bolshov, A. Bortoletto, D. Boudreau, J. Boveia, A. Brau, B. Brigliadori, L. Bromberg, C. Brubaker, E. Budagov, J. Budd, H. S. Budd, S. Budroni, S. Burkett, K. Busetto, G. Bussey, P. Byrum, K. L. Cabrera, S. Campanelli, M. Campbell, M. Canelli, F. Canepa, A. Carrillo, S. Carlsmith, D. Carosi, R. Carron, S. Casarsa, M. Castro, A. Catastini, P. Cauz, D. Cavalli-Sforza, M. Cerri, A. Cerrito, L. Chang, S. H. Chen, Y. C. Chertok, M. Chiarelli, G. Chlachidze, G. Chlebana, F. Cho, I. Cho, K. Chokheli, D. Chou, J. P. Choudalakis, G. Chuang, S. H. Chung, K. Chung, W. H. Chung, Y. S. Ciljak, M. Ciobanu, C. I. Ciocci, M. A. Clark, A. Clark, D. Coca, M. Compostella, G. Convery, M. E. Conway, J. Cooper, B. Copic, K. Cordelli, M. Cortiana, G. Crescioli, F. Almenar, C. Cuenca Cuevas, J. Culbertson, R. Cully, J. C. Cyr, D. DaRonco, S. D'Auria, S. Davies, T. D'Onofrio, M. Dagenhart, D. de Barbaro, P. De Cecco, S. Deisher, A. De Lentdecker, G. Dell'Orso, M. Paoli, F. Delli Demortier, L. Deng, J. Deninno, M. De Pedis, D. Derwent, P. F. Di Giovanni, G. P. Dionisi, C. Di Ruzza, B. Dittmann, J. R. DiTuro, P. Doerr, C. Donati, S. Donega, M. Dong, P. Donini, J. Dorigo, T. Dube, S. Efron, J. Erbacher, R. Errede, D. Errede, S. Eusebi, R. Fang, H. C. Farrington, S. Fedorko, I. Fedorko, W. T. Feild, R. G. Feindt, M. Fernandez, J. P. Field, R. Flanagan, G. Foland, A. Forrester, S. Foster, G. W. Franklin, M. Freeman, J. C. Furic, I. Gallinaro, M. Galyardt, J. Garcia, J. E. Garberson, F. Garfinkel, A. F. Gay, C. Gerberich, H. Gerdes, D. Giagu, S. Giannetti, P. Gibson, A. Gibson, K. Gimmell, J. L. Ginsburg, C. Giokaris, N. Giordani, M. Giromini, P. Giunta, M. Giurgiu, G. Glagolev, V. Glenzinski, D. Gold, M. Goldschmidt, N. Goldstein, J. Gomez, G. Gomez-Ceballos, G. Goncharov, M. Gonzalez, O. Gorelov, I. Goshaw, A. T. Goulianos, K. Gresele, A. Griffiths, M. Grinstein, S. Grosso-Pilcher, C. Group, R. C. Grundler, U. da Costa, J. Guimaraes Gunay-Unalan, Z. Haber, C. Hahn, K. Hahn, S. R. Halkiadakis, E. Hamilton, A. Han, B. -Y. Han, J. Y. Handler, R. Happacher, F. Hara, K. Hare, M. Harper, S. Harr, R. F. Harris, R. M. Hartz, M. Hatakeyama, K. Hauser, J. Heijboer, A. Heinemann, B. Heinrich, J. Henderson, C. Herndon, M. Heuser, J. Hidas, D. Hill, C. S. Hirschbuehl, D. Hocker, A. Holloway, A. Hou, S. Houlden, M. Hsu, S. -C. Huffman, B. T. Hughes, R. E. Husemann, U. Huston, J. Incandela, J. Introzzi, G. Iori, M. Ishizawa, Y. Ivanov, A. Iyutin, B. James, E. Jang, D. Jayatilaka, B. Jeans, D. Jensen, H. Jeon, E. J. Jindariani, S. Jones, M. Joo, K. K. Jun, S. Y. Jung, J. E. Junk, T. R. Kamon, T. Karchin, P. E. Kato, Y. Kemp, Y. Kephart, R. Kerzel, U. Khotilovich, V. Kilminster, B. Kim, D. H. Kim, H. S. Kim, J. E. Kim, M. J. Kim, S. B. Kim, S. H. Kim, Y. K. Kimura, N. Kirsch, L. Klimenko, S. Klute, M. Knuteson, B. Ko, B. R. Kondo, K. Kong, D. J. Konigsberg, J. Korytov, A. Kotwal, A. V. Kovalev, A. Kraan, A. C. Kraus, J. Kravchenko, I. Kreps, M. Kroll, J. Krumnack, N. Kruse, M. Krutelyov, V. Kubo, T. Kuhlmann, S. E. Kuhr, T. Kusakabe, Y. Kwang, S. Laasanen, A. T. Labarga, L. Lai, S. Lami, S. Lammel, S. Lancaster, M. Lander, R. L. Lannon, K. Lath, A. Latino, G. Lazzizzera, I. LeCompte, T. Lee, J. Lee, J. Lee, Y. J. Lee, S. W. Lefevre, R. Leonardo, N. Leone, S. Levy, S. Lewis, J. D. Lin, C. Lin, C. S. Lindgren, M. Lipeles, E. Liss, T. M. Lister, A. Litvintsev, D. O. Liu, T. Lockyer, N. S. Loginov, A. Loreti, M. Loverre, P. Lu, R. -S. Lucchesi, D. Lujan, P. Lukens, P. Lungu, G. Lyons, L. Lys, J. Lysak, R. Lytken, E. Mack, P. MacQueen, D. Madrak, R. Maeshima, K. Makhoul, K. Maki, T. Maksimovic, P. Malde, S. Manca, G. Margaroli, F. Marginean, R. Marino, C. Marino, C. P. Martin, A. Martin, M. Martin, V. Martinez, M. Maruyama, T. Mastrandrea, P. Masubuchi, T. Matsunaga, H. Mattson, M. E. Mazini, R. Mazzanti, P. McFarland, K. S. McIntyre, P. McNulty, R. Mehta, A. Mehtala, P. Menzemer, S. Menzione, A. Merkel, P. Mesropian, C. Messina, A. Miao, T. Miladinovic, N. Miles, J. Miller, R. Mills, C. Milnik, M. Mitra, A. Mitselmakher, G. Miyamoto, A. Moed, S. Moggi, N. Mohr, B. Moore, R. Morello, M. Fernandez, P. Movilla Mulmenstadt, J. Mukherjee, A. Muller, Th. Mumford, R. Murat, P. Nachtman, J. Nagano, A. Naganoma, J. Nahn, S. Nakano, I. Napier, A. Necula, V. Neu, C. Neubauer, M. S. Nielsen, J. Nigmanov, T. Nodulman, L. Norniella, O. Nurse, E. Oh, S. H. Oh, Y. D. Oksuzian, I. Okusawa, T. Oldeman, R. Orava, R. Osterberg, K. Pagliarone, C. Palencia, E. Papadimitriou, V. Paramonov, A. A. Parks, B. Pashapour, S. Patrick, J. Pauletta, G. Paulini, M. Paus, C. Pellett, D. E. Penzo, A. Phillips, T. J. Piacentino, G. Piedra, J. Pinera, L. Pitts, K. Plager, C. Pondrom, L. Portell, X. Poukhov, O. Pounder, N. Prokoshin, F. Pronko, A. Proudfoot, J. Ptochos, F. Punzi, G. Pursley, J. Rademacker, J. Rahaman, A. Ranjan, N. Rappoccio, S. Reisert, B. Rekovic, V. Renton, P. Rescigno, M. Richter, S. Rimondi, F. Ristori, L. Robson, A. Rodrigo, T. Rogers, E. Rolli, S. Roser, R. Rossi, M. Rossin, R. Ruiz, A. Russ, J. Rusu, V. Saarikko, H. Sabik, S. Safonov, A. Sakumoto, W. K. Salamanna, G. Salto, O. Saltzberg, D. Sanchez, C. Santi, L. Sarkar, S. Sartori, L. Sato, K. Savard, P. Savoy-Navarro, A. Scheidle, T. Schlabach, P. Schmidt, E. E. Schmidt, M. P. Schmitt, M. Schwarz, T. Scodellaro, L. Scott, A. L. Scribano, A. Scuri, F. Sedov, A. Seidel, S. Seiya, Y. Semenov, A. Sexton-Kennedy, L. Sfyrla, A. Shapiro, M. D. Shears, T. Shepard, P. F. Sherman, D. Shimojima, M. Shochet, M. Shon, Y. Shreyber, I. Sidoti, A. Sinervo, P. Sisakyan, A. Sjolin, J. Slaughter, A. J. Slaunwhite, J. Sliwa, K. Smith, J. R. Snider, F. D. Snihur, R. Soderberg, M. Soha, A. Somalwar, S. Sorin, V. Spalding, J. Spinella, F. Spreitzer, T. Squillacioti, P. Stanitzki, M. Staveris-Polykalas, A. St Denis, R. Stelzer, B. Stelzer-Chilton, O. Stentz, D. Strologas, J. Stuart, D. Suh, J. S. Sukhanov, A. Sun, H. Suzuki, T. Taffard, A. Takashima, R. Takeuchi, Y. Takikawa, K. Tanaka, M. Tanaka, R. Tecchio, M. Teng, P. K. Terashi, K. Tesarek, R. J. Thom, J. Thompson, A. S. Thomson, E. Tipton, P. Tiwari, V. Tkaczyk, S. Toback, D. Tokar, S. Tollefson, K. Tomura, T. Tonelli, D. Torre, S. Torretta, D. Tourneur, S. Trischuk, W. Tsuchiya, R. Tsuno, S. Turini, N. Ukegawa, F. Unverhau, T. Uozumi, S. Usynin, D. Vallecorsa, S. van Remortel, N. Varganov, A. Vataga, E. Vazquez, F. Velev, G. Veramendi, G. Veszpremi, V. Vidal, R. Vila, I. Vilar, R. Vine, T. Vollrath, I. Volobouev, I. Volpi, G. Wurthwein, F. Wagner, P. Wagner, R. G. Wagner, R. L. Wagner, J. Wagner, W. Wallny, R. Wang, S. M. Warburton, A. Waschke, S. Waters, D. Weinberger, M. Wester, W. C., III Whitehouse, B. Whiteson, D. Wicklund, A. B. Wicklund, E. Williams, G. Williams, H. H. Wilson, P. Winer, B. L. Wittich, P. Wolbers, S. Wolfe, C. Wright, T. Wu, X. Wynne, S. M. Yagil, A. Yamamoto, K. Yamaoka, J. Yamashita, T. Yang, C. Yang, U. K. Yang, Y. C. Yao, W. M. Yeh, G. P. Yoh, J. Yorita, K. Yoshida, T. Yu, G. B. Yu, I. Yu, S. S. Yun, J. C. Zanello, L. Zanetti, A. Zaw, I. Zhang, X. Zhou, J. Zucchelli, S. CA CDF Collaboration TI Measurement of the Lambda(0)(b) lifetime in Lambda(0)(b)-> J/psi Lambda(0) in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DECAYS; UPGRADE; BEAUTY; QCD AB We report a measurement of the Lambda(0)(b) lifetime in the exclusive decay Lambda(0)(b)-> J/psi Lambda(0) in p (p) over bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV using an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb(-1) of data collected by the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. Using fully reconstructed decays, we measure tau(Lambda(0)(b))=1.593(-0.078)(+0.083)(stat)+/- 0.033(syst) ps. This is the single most precise measurement of tau(Lambda(0)(b)) and is 3.2 sigma higher than the current world average. C1 Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Nucl Res Inst, Dubna 141980, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div High Energy Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 558, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, CNRS UMR 7585, IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Autonoma Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. RP Abulencia, A (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. RI Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; unalan, zeynep/C-6660-2015; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015 OI Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; unalan, zeynep/0000-0003-2570-7611; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133 NR 19 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 23 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 12 AR 122001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.122001 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 149GP UT WOS:000245135400013 ER PT J AU Abulencia, A Adelman, J Affolder, T Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Anikeev, K Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Arguin, JF Arisawa, T Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Azzurri, P Bacchetta, N Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Bartsch, V Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Belloni, A Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Beringer, J Berry, T Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Boisvert, V Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Boveia, A Brau, B Brigliadori, L Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Budd, S Budroni, S Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canelli, F Canepa, A Carillo, S Carlsmith, D Carosi, R Casarsa, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cavalli-Sforza, M Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chang, SH Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, I Cho, K Chokheli, D Chou, JP Choudalakis, G Chuang, SH Chung, K Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciljak, M Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, A Clark, D Coca, M Compostella, G Convery, ME Conway, J Cooper, B Copic, K Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Crescioli, F Almenar, CC Cuevas, J Culbertson, R Cully, JC Cyr, D DaRonco, S D'Auria, S Davies, T D'Onofrio, M Dagenhart, D de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S Deisher, A De Lentdecker, G Dell'Orso, M Paoli, FD Demortier, L Deng, J Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Di Giovanni, GP Dionisi, C Di Ruzza, B Dittmann, JR DiTuro, P Dorr, C Donati, S Donega, M Dong, P Donini, J Dorigo, T Dube, S Efron, J Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, I Fedorko, WT Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Field, R Flanagan, G Foland, A Forrester, S Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, JC Furic, I Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garcia, JE Garberson, F Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Gerberich, H Gerdes, D Giagu, S Giannetti, P Gibson, A Gibson, K Gimmell, JL Ginsburg, C Giokaris, N Giordani, M Giromini, P Giunta, M Giurgiu, G Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, J Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gonzalez, O Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Goulianos, K Gresele, A Griffiths, M Grinstein, S Grosso-Pilcher, C Group, RC Grundler, U Da Costa, JG Gunay-Unalan, Z Haber, C Hahn, K Hahn, SR Halkiadakis, E Hamilton, A Han, BY Han, JY Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, M Harper, S Harr, RF Harris, RM Hartz, M Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heijboer, A Heinemann, B Heinrich, J Henderson, C Herndon, M Heuser, J Hidas, D Hill, CS Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Holloway, A Hou, S Houlden, M Hsu, SC Huffman, BT Hughes, RE Husemann, U Huston, J Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ishizawa, Y Ivanov, A Iyutin, B James, E Jang, D Jayatilaka, B Jeans, D Jensen, H Jeon, EJ Jindariani, S Jones, M Joo, KK Jun, SY Jung, JE Junk, TR Kamon, T Karchin, PE Kato, Y Kemp, Y Kephart, R Kerzel, U Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kimura, N Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Klute, M Knuteson, B Ko, BR Kondo, K Kong, DJ Konigsberg, J Korytov, A Kotwal, AV Kovalev, A Kraan, AC Kraus, J Kravchenko, I Kreps, M Kroll, J Krumnack, N Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kubo, T Kuhlmann, SE Kuhr, T Kusakabe, Y Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Lai, S Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, M Lander, RL Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lazzizzera, I Le, Y LeCompte, T Lee, J Lee, J Lee, YJ Lee, SW Lefevre, R Leonardo, N Leone, S Levy, S Lewis, JD Lin, C Lin, CS Lindgren, M Lipeles, E Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, T Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Loverre, P Lu, RS Lucchesi, D Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lyons, L Lys, J Lysak, R Lytken, E Mack, P MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Makhoul, K Maki, T Maksimovic, P Malde, S Manca, G Margaroli, F Marginean, R Marino, C Marino, CP Martin, A Martin, M Martin, V Martinez, M Maruyama, T Mastrandrea, P Masubuchi, T Matsunaga, H Mattson, ME Mazini, R Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Mehtala, P Menzemer, S Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Messina, A Miao, T Miladinovic, N Miles, J Miller, R Mills, C Milnik, M Mitra, A Mitselmakher, G Miyamoto, A Moed, S Moggi, N Mohr, B Moore, R Morello, M Fernandez, PM Mulmenstadt, J Mukherjee, A Muller, T Mumford, R Murat, P Nachtman, J Nagano, A Naganoma, J Nakano, I Napier, A Necula, V Neu, C Neubauer, MS Nielsen, J Nigmanov, T Nodulman, L Norniella, O Nurse, E Oh, SH Oh, YD Oksuzian, I Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Osterberg, K Pagliarone, C Palencia, E Papadimitriou, V Paramonov, AA Parks, B Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, DE Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pinera, L Pitts, K Plager, C Pondrom, L Portell, X Poukhov, O Pounder, N Prakoshyn, F Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Pursley, J Rademacker, J Rahaman, A Ranjan, N Rappoccio, S Reisert, B Rekovic, V Renton, P Rescigno, M Richter, S Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rogers, E Rolli, S Roser, R Rossi, M Rossin, R Ruiz, A Russ, J Rusu, V Saarikko, H Sabik, S Safonov, A Sakumoto, WK Salamanna, G Salto, O Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Santi, L Sarkar, S Sartori, L Sato, K Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Scheidle, T Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Schwarz, T Scodellaro, L Scott, AL Scribano, A Scuri, F Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Sexton-Kennedy, L Sfyrla, A Shapiro, MD Shears, T Shepard, PF Sherman, D Shimojima, M Shochet, M Shon, Y Shreyber, I Sidoti, A Sinervo, P Sisakyan, A Sjolin, J Slaughter, AJ Slaunwhite, J Sliwa, K Smith, JR Snider, FD Snihur, R Soderberg, M Soha, A Somalwar, S Sorin, V Spalding, J Spinella, F Spreitzer, T Squillacioti, P Stanitzki, M Staveris-Polykalas, A St Denis, R Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Stentz, D Strologas, J Stuart, D Suh, JS Sukhanov, A Sun, H Suzuki, T Taffard, A Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tanaka, R Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Tipton, P Tiwari, V Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tokar, S Tollefson, K Tomura, T Tonelli, D Torre, S Torretta, D Tourneur, S Trischuk, W Tseng, J Tsuchiya, R Tsuno, S Turini, N Ukegawa, F Unverhau, T Uozumi, S Usynin, D Vallecorsa, S Van Remortel, N Varganov, A Vataga, E Vazquez, F Velev, G Veramendi, G Veszpremi, V Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Vine, T Vollrath, I Volobouev, I Volpi, G Wurthwein, F Wagner, P Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, J Wagner, W Wallny, R Wang, SM Warburton, A Waschke, S Waters, D Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Whiteson, D Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, G Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolfe, C Wright, T Wu, X Wynne, SM Yagil, A Yamamoto, K Yamaoka, J Yamashita, T Yang, C Yang, UK Yang, YC Yao, WM Yeh, GP Yoh, J Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, GB Yu, I Yu, SS Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zaw, I Zhang, X Zhou, J Zucchelli, S AF Abulencia, A. Adelman, J. Affolder, T. Akimoto, T. Albrow, M. G. Ambrose, D. Amerio, S. Amidei, D. Anastassov, A. Anikeev, K. Annovi, A. Antos, J. Aoki, M. Apollinari, G. Arguin, J. -F. Arisawa, T. Artikov, A. Ashmanskas, W. Attal, A. Azfar, F. Azzi-Bacchetta, P. Azzurri, P. Bacchetta, N. Badgett, W. Barbaro-Galtieri, A. Barnes, V. E. Barnett, B. A. Baroiant, S. Bartsch, V. Bauer, G. Bedeschi, F. Behari, S. Belforte, S. Bellettini, G. Bellinger, J. Belloni, A. Benjamin, D. Beretvas, A. Beringer, J. Berry, T. Bhatti, A. Binkley, M. Bisello, D. Blair, R. E. Blocker, C. Blumenfeld, B. Bocci, A. Bodek, A. Boisvert, V. Bolla, G. Bolshov, A. Bortoletto, D. Boudreau, J. Boveia, A. Brau, B. Brigliadori, L. Bromberg, C. Brubaker, E. Budagov, J. Budd, H. S. Budd, S. Budroni, S. Burkett, K. Busetto, G. Bussey, P. Byrum, K. L. Cabrera, S. Campanelli, M. Campbell, M. Canelli, F. Canepa, A. Carillo, S. Carlsmith, D. Carosi, R. Casarsa, M. Castro, A. Catastini, P. Cauz, D. Cavalli-Sforza, M. Cerri, A. Cerrito, L. Chang, S. H. Chen, Y. C. Chertok, M. Chiarelli, G. Chlachidze, G. Chlebana, F. Cho, I. Cho, K. Chokheli, D. Chou, J. P. Choudalakis, G. Chuang, S. H. Chung, K. Chung, W. H. Chung, Y. S. Ciljak, M. Ciobanu, C. I. Ciocci, M. A. Clark, A. Clark, D. Coca, M. Compostella, G. Convery, M. E. Conway, J. Cooper, B. Copic, K. Cordelli, M. Cortiana, G. Crescioli, F. Almenar, C. Cuenca Cuevas, J. Culbertson, R. Cully, J. C. Cyr, D. DaRonco, S. D'Auria, S. Davies, T. D'Onofrio, M. Dagenhart, D. de Barbaro, P. De Cecco, S. Deisher, A. De Lentdecker, G. Dell'Orso, M. Paoli, F. Delli Demortier, L. Deng, J. Deninno, M. De Pedis, D. Derwent, P. F. Di Giovanni, G. P. Dionisi, C. Di Ruzza, B. Dittmann, J. R. DiTuro, P. Doerr, C. Donati, S. Donega, M. Dong, P. Donini, J. Dorigo, T. Dube, S. Efron, J. Erbacher, R. Errede, D. Errede, S. Eusebi, R. Fang, H. C. Farrington, S. Fedorko, I. Fedorko, W. T. Feild, R. G. Feindt, M. Fernandez, J. P. Field, R. Flanagan, G. Foland, A. Forrester, S. Foster, G. W. Franklin, M. Freeman, J. C. Furic, I. Gallinaro, M. Galyardt, J. Garcia, J. E. Garberson, F. Garfinkel, A. F. Gay, C. Gerberich, H. Gerdes, D. Giagu, S. Giannetti, P. Gibson, A. Gibson, K. Gimmell, J. L. Ginsburg, C. Giokaris, N. Giordani, M. Giromini, P. Giunta, M. Giurgiu, G. Glagolev, V. Glenzinski, D. Gold, M. Goldschmidt, N. Goldstein, J. Gomez, G. Gomez-Ceballos, G. Goncharov, M. Gonzalez, O. Gorelov, I. Goshaw, A. T. Goulianos, K. Gresele, A. Griffiths, M. Grinstein, S. Grosso-Pilcher, C. Group, R. C. Grundler, U. Da Costa, J. Guimaraes Gunay-Unalan, Z. Haber, C. Hahn, K. Hahn, S. R. Halkiadakis, E. Hamilton, A. Han, B. -Y. Han, J. Y. Handler, R. Happacher, F. Hara, K. Hare, M. Harper, S. Harr, R. F. Harris, R. M. Hartz, M. Hatakeyama, K. Hauser, J. Heijboer, A. Heinemann, B. Heinrich, J. Henderson, C. Herndon, M. Heuser, J. Hidas, D. Hill, C. S. Hirschbuehl, D. Hocker, A. Holloway, A. Hou, S. Houlden, M. Hsu, S. -C. Huffman, B. T. Hughes, R. E. Husemann, U. Huston, J. Incandela, J. Introzzi, G. Iori, M. Ishizawa, Y. Ivanov, A. Iyutin, B. James, E. Jang, D. Jayatilaka, B. Jeans, D. Jensen, H. Jeon, E. J. Jindariani, S. Jones, M. Joo, K. K. Jun, S. Y. Jung, J. E. Junk, T. R. Kamon, T. Karchin, P. E. Kato, Y. Kemp, Y. Kephart, R. Kerzel, U. Khotilovich, V. Kilminster, B. Kim, D. H. Kim, H. S. Kim, J. E. Kim, M. J. Kim, S. B. Kim, S. H. Kim, Y. K. Kimura, N. Kirsch, L. Klimenko, S. Klute, M. Knuteson, B. Ko, B. R. Kondo, K. Kong, D. J. Konigsberg, J. Korytov, A. Kotwal, A. V. Kovalev, A. Kraan, A. C. Kraus, J. Kravchenko, I. Kreps, M. Kroll, J. Krumnack, N. Kruse, M. Krutelyov, V. Kubo, T. Kuhlmann, S. E. Kuhr, T. Kusakabe, Y. Kwang, S. Laasanen, A. T. Lai, S. Lami, S. Lammel, S. Lancaster, M. Lander, R. L. Lannon, K. Lath, A. Latino, G. Lazzizzera, I. Le, Y. LeCompte, T. Lee, J. Lee, J. Lee, Y. J. Lee, S. W. Lefevre, R. Leonardo, N. Leone, S. Levy, S. Lewis, J. D. Lin, C. Lin, C. S. Lindgren, M. Lipeles, E. Lister, A. Litvintsev, D. O. Liu, T. Lockyer, N. S. Loginov, A. Loreti, M. Loverre, P. Lu, R. -S. Lucchesi, D. Lujan, P. Lukens, P. Lungu, G. Lyons, L. Lys, J. Lysak, R. Lytken, E. Mack, P. MacQueen, D. Madrak, R. Maeshima, K. Makhoul, K. Maki, T. Maksimovic, P. Malde, S. Manca, G. Margaroli, F. Marginean, R. Marino, C. Marino, C. P. Martin, A. Martin, M. Martin, V. Martinez, M. Maruyama, T. Mastrandrea, P. Masubuchi, T. Matsunaga, H. Mattson, M. E. Mazini, R. Mazzanti, P. McFarland, K. S. McIntyre, P. McNulty, R. Mehta, A. Mehtala, P. Menzemer, S. Menzione, A. Merkel, P. Mesropian, C. Messina, A. Miao, T. Miladinovic, N. Miles, J. Miller, R. Mills, C. Milnik, M. Mitra, A. Mitselmakher, G. Miyamoto, A. Moed, S. Moggi, N. Mohr, B. Moore, R. Morello, M. Fernandez, P. Movilla Mulmenstadt, J. Mukherjee, A. Muller, Th. Mumford, R. Murat, P. Nachtman, J. Nagano, A. Naganoma, J. Nakano, I. Napier, A. Necula, V. Neu, C. Neubauer, M. S. Nielsen, J. Nigmanov, T. Nodulman, L. Norniella, O. Nurse, E. Oh, S. H. Oh, Y. D. Oksuzian, I. Okusawa, T. Oldeman, R. Orava, R. Osterberg, K. Pagliarone, C. Palencia, E. Papadimitriou, V. Paramonov, A. A. Parks, B. Pashapour, S. Patrick, J. Pauletta, G. Paulini, M. Paus, C. Pellett, D. E. Penzo, A. Phillips, T. J. Piacentino, G. Piedra, J. Pinera, L. Pitts, K. Plager, C. Pondrom, L. Portell, X. Poukhov, O. Pounder, N. Prakoshyn, F. Pronko, A. Proudfoot, J. Ptohos, F. Punzi, G. Pursley, J. Rademacker, J. Rahaman, A. Ranjan, N. Rappoccio, S. Reisert, B. Rekovic, V. Renton, P. Rescigno, M. Richter, S. Rimondi, F. Ristori, L. Robson, A. Rodrigo, T. Rogers, E. Rolli, S. Roser, R. Rossi, M. Rossin, R. Ruiz, A. Russ, J. Rusu, V. Saarikko, H. Sabik, S. Safonov, A. Sakumoto, W. K. Salamanna, G. Salto, O. Saltzberg, D. Sanchez, C. Santi, L. Sarkar, S. Sartori, L. Sato, K. Savard, P. Savoy-Navarro, A. Scheidle, T. Schlabach, P. Schmidt, E. E. Schmidt, M. P. Schmitt, M. Schwarz, T. Scodellaro, L. Scott, A. L. Scribano, A. Scuri, F. Sedov, A. Seidel, S. Seiya, Y. Semenov, A. Sexton-Kennedy, L. Sfyrla, A. Shapiro, M. D. Shears, T. Shepard, P. F. Sherman, D. Shimojima, M. Shochet, M. Shon, Y. Shreyber, I. Sidoti, A. Sinervo, P. Sisakyan, A. Sjolin, J. Slaughter, A. J. Slaunwhite, J. Sliwa, K. Smith, J. R. Snider, F. D. Snihur, R. Soderberg, M. Soha, A. Somalwar, S. Sorin, V. Spalding, J. Spinella, F. Spreitzer, T. Squillacioti, P. Stanitzki, M. Staveris-Polykalas, A. St. Denis, R. Stelzer, B. Stelzer-Chilton, O. Stentz, D. Strologas, J. Stuart, D. Suh, J. S. Sukhanov, A. Sun, H. Suzuki, T. Taffard, A. Takashima, R. Takeuchi, Y. Takikawa, K. Tanaka, M. Tanaka, R. Tecchio, M. Teng, P. K. Terashi, K. Thom, J. Thompson, A. S. Thomson, E. Tipton, P. Tiwari, V. Tkaczyk, S. Toback, D. Tokar, S. Tollefson, K. Tomura, T. Tonelli, D. Torre, S. Torretta, D. Tourneur, S. Trischuk, W. Tseng, J. Tsuchiya, R. Tsuno, S. Turini, N. Ukegawa, F. Unverhau, T. Uozumi, S. Usynin, D. Vallecorsa, S. Van Remortel, N. Varganov, A. Vataga, E. Vazquez, F. Velev, G. Veramendi, G. Veszpremi, V. Vidal, R. Vila, I. Vilar, R. Vine, T. Vollrath, I. Volobouev, I. Volpi, G. Wurthwein, F. Wagner, P. Wagner, R. G. Wagner, R. L. Wagner, J. Wagner, W. Wallny, R. Wang, S. M. Warburton, A. Waschke, S. Waters, D. Wester, W. C., III Whitehouse, B. Whiteson, D. Wicklund, A. B. Wicklund, E. Williams, G. Williams, H. H. Wilson, P. Winer, B. L. Wittich, P. Wolbers, S. Wolfe, C. Wright, T. Wu, X. Wynne, S. M. Yagil, A. Yamamoto, K. Yamaoka, J. Yamashita, T. Yang, C. Yang, U. K. Yang, Y. C. Yao, W. M. Yeh, G. P. Yoh, J. Yorita, K. Yoshida, T. Yu, G. B. Yu, I. Yu, S. S. Yun, J. C. Zanello, L. Zanetti, A. Zaw, I. Zhang, X. Zhou, J. Zucchelli, S. CA CDF Collaboration TI Measurement of sigma(0)(Lambda B)/sigma(0) x B(Lambda(0)(b)->Lambda(+)(c)pi(-))/B(B)over-bar(0)-> D+pi(-)) in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DECAYS AB We present the first observation of the baryon decay Lambda(0)(b)->Lambda(+)(c)pi(-) followed by Lambda(+)(c)-> pK(-)pi(+) in 106 pb(-1) p (p) over bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV in the CDF experiment. In order to reduce systematic error, the measured rate for Lambda(0)(b) decay is normalized to the kinematically similar meson decay (B) over bar (0)-> D+pi(-) followed by D+->pi K-+(-)pi(+). We report the ratio of production cross sections (sigma) times the ratio of branching fractions (B) for the momentum region integrated above p(T)> 6 GeV/c and pseudorapidity range |eta|< 1.3: sigma(p (p) over bar ->Lambda X-0(b))/sigma(p (p) over bar ->(B) over bar X-0)xB(Lambda(0)(b)->Lambda(+)(c)pi(-))/B((B) over bar (0)-> D+pi(-))=0.82 +/- 0.08(stat)+/- 0.11(syst)+/- 0.22[B(Lambda(+)(c)-> pK(-)pi(+))]. C1 Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div High Energy Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkelely Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 558, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, CNRS UMR 7585, IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Abulencia, A (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. RI Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; unalan, zeynep/C-6660-2015; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015 OI Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; unalan, zeynep/0000-0003-2570-7611; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678 NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 23 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 12 AR 122002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.122002 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 149GP UT WOS:000245135400014 ER PT J AU Becker, CA Olmsted, D Asta, M Hoyt, JJ Foiles, SM AF Becker, C. A. Olmsted, D. Asta, M. Hoyt, J. J. Foiles, S. M. TI Atomistic underpinnings for orientation selection in alloy dendritic growth SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL FLUID INTERFACE; SOLID-LIQUID INTERFACE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; FREE-ENERGY; STRUCTURAL MODEL; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; ANISOTROPY; DIRECTIONS; MOBILITY; TEXTURE AB In dendritic solidification, growth morphologies often display a pronounced sensitivity to small changes in composition. To gain insight into the origins of this phenomenon, we undertake an atomistic calculation of the magnitude and anisotropy of the crystal-melt interfacial free energy in a model alloy system featuring no atomic size mismatch and relatively ideal solution thermodynamics. By comparing the results of these calculations with predictions from recent phase-field calculations, we demonstrate that alloying gives rise to changes in free-energy anisotropies that are substantial on the scale required to induce changes in growth orientations. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Becker, CA (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. OI Foiles, Stephen/0000-0002-1907-454X NR 29 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 7 U2 27 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 23 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 12 AR 125701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.125701 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 149GP UT WOS:000245135400037 PM 17501136 ER PT J AU Hillyard, PB Gaffney, KJ Lindenberg, AM Engemann, S Akre, RA Arthur, J Blome, C Bucksbaum, PH Cavalieri, AL Deb, A Falcone, RW Fritz, DM Fuoss, PH Hajdu, J Krejcik, P Larsson, J Lee, SH Meyer, DA Nelson, AJ Pahl, R Reis, DA Rudati, J Siddons, DP Sokolowski-Tinten, K von der Linde, D Hastings, JB AF Hillyard, P. B. Gaffney, K. J. Lindenberg, A. M. Engemann, S. Akre, R. A. Arthur, J. Blome, C. Bucksbaum, P. H. Cavalieri, A. L. Deb, A. Falcone, R. W. Fritz, D. M. Fuoss, P. H. Hajdu, J. Krejcik, P. Larsson, J. Lee, S. H. Meyer, D. A. Nelson, A. J. Pahl, R. Reis, D. A. Rudati, J. Siddons, D. P. Sokolowski-Tinten, K. von der Linde, D. Hastings, J. B. TI Carrier-density-dependent lattice stability in InSb SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-HOLE PLASMA; LASER-PULSES; SEMICONDUCTORS; GAAS; INSTABILITY; DYNAMICS; DIAMOND; SILICON; SURFACE; SI AB The ultrafast decay of the x-ray diffraction intensity following laser excitation of an InSb crystal has been utilized to observe carrier dependent changes in the potential energy surface. For the first time, an abrupt carrier dependent onset for potential energy surface softening and the appearance of accelerated atomic disordering for a very high average carrier density have been observed. Inertial dynamics dominate the early stages of crystal disordering for a wide range of carrier densities between the onset of crystal softening and the appearance of accelerated atomic disordering. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, PULSE Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Deutsch Elektron Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, FOCUS Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Appl Phys Program, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Uppsala Univ, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Biomed Ctr, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. Lund Inst Technol, Dept Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. Korea Inst Stand & Sci, Length Time Metrol Grp, Taejon 305600, South Korea. Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Duisburg Essen, Inst Expt Phys, D-45117 Essen, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Hillyard, PB (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM kgaffney@slac.stanford.edu RI Sokolowski-Tinten, Klaus/A-5415-2015; Deb, Aniruddha/H-7529-2016 OI Deb, Aniruddha/0000-0002-0331-9709 NR 25 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 23 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 12 AR 125501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.125501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 149GP UT WOS:000245135400034 PM 17501133 ER PT J AU Krishnamurthy, VV Lang, JC Haskel, D Keavney, DJ Srajer, G Robertson, JL Sales, BC Mandrus, DG Singh, DJ Bilc, DI AF Krishnamurthy, V. V. Lang, J. C. Haskel, D. Keavney, D. J. Srajer, G. Robertson, J. L. Sales, B. C. Mandrus, D. G. Singh, D. J. Bilc, D. I. TI Ferrimagnetism in EuFe4Sb12 due to the interplay of f-electron moments and a nearly ferromagnetic host SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RAY CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; SKUTTERUDITE ANTIMONIDES; FILLED SKUTTERUDITES; STATE AB We combine x-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy at Fe L-2,L-3 edges, at Eu M-4,M-5 edges, x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) investigation of Eu valence, and local spin density calculations, to show that the filled skutterudite Eu0.95Fe4Sb12 is a ferrimagnet in which the Fe 3d moment and the Eu2+ 4f moment are magnetically ordered with dominant antiferromagnetic coupling. From Eu L-3 edge XAS, we find that about 13% of the Eu have a formal valence of 3+. We ascribe the origin of ferrimagnetism at a relatively high transition temperature T-C of 85 K in Eu0.95Fe4Sb12 to f-electron interaction with the nearly ferromagnetic [Fe4Sb12](2.2-) host lattice. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Krishnamurthy, VV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014; Bilc, Daniel/E-8985-2012 OI Bilc, Daniel/0000-0002-4298-4250 NR 23 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 23 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 12 AR 126403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.126403 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 149GP UT WOS:000245135400041 PM 17501140 ER PT J AU Lancaster, KL Green, JS Hey, DS Akli, KU Davies, JR Clarke, RJ Freeman, RR Habara, H Key, MH Kodama, R Krushelnick, K Murphy, CD Nakatsutsumi, M Simpson, P Stephens, R Stoeckl, C Yabuuchi, T Zepf, M Norreys, PA AF Lancaster, K. L. Green, J. S. Hey, D. S. Akli, K. U. Davies, J. R. Clarke, R. J. Freeman, R. R. Habara, H. Key, M. H. Kodama, R. Krushelnick, K. Murphy, C. D. Nakatsutsumi, M. Simpson, P. Stephens, R. Stoeckl, C. Yabuuchi, T. Zepf, M. Norreys, P. A. TI Measurements of energy transport patterns in solid density laser plasma interactions at intensities of 5x10(20) W cm(-2) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TARGETS; PETAWATT; IGNITION; BEAM AB K-alpha x-ray emission, extreme ultraviolet emission, and plasma imaging techniques have been used to diagnose energy transport patterns in copper foils ranging in thickness from 5 to 75 mu m for intensities up to 5x10(20) Wcm(-20). The K-alpha emission and shadowgrams both indicate a larger divergence angle than that reported in the literature at lower intensities [R. Stephens , Phys. Rev. E 69, 066414 (2004)]. Foils 5 mu m thick show triple-humped plasma expansion patterns at the back and front surfaces. Hybrid code modeling shows that this can be attributed to an increase in the mean energy of the fast electrons emitted at large radii, which only have sufficient energy to form a plasma in such thin targets. C1 Rutherford Appleton Lab, CCLRC, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Inst Super Tecn, Ctr Fis Plasmas, GoLP, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Pure & Appl Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Lancaster, KL (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, CCLRC, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RI Davies, Jonathan/J-2611-2012; Zepf, Matt/M-1232-2014; Kodama, Ryosuke/G-2627-2016 NR 18 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 23 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 12 AR 125002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.125002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 149GP UT WOS:000245135400033 PM 17501132 ER PT J AU Martin, I Zurek, WH AF Martin, I. Zurek, W. H. TI Measurement of energy eigenstates by a slow detector SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM LIMIT; DECOHERENCE; STATES AB We propose a method for a weak continuous measurement of the energy eigenstates of a fast quantum system by means of a slow detector. Such a detector is sensitive only to slowly changing variables, e.g., energy, while its backaction can be limited solely to decoherence of the eigenstate superpositions. We apply this scheme to the problem of detection of quantum jumps between energy eigenstates in a harmonic oscillator. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Martin, I (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 23 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 12 AR 120401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.120401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 149GP UT WOS:000245135400001 PM 17501100 ER PT J AU McQueeney, RJ Ma, J Chang, S Yan, JQ Hehlen, M Trouw, F AF McQueeney, R. J. Ma, J. Chang, S. Yan, J. -Q. Hehlen, M. Trouw, F. TI Stabilization of charge ordering in La1/3Sr2/3FeO3-delta by magnetic exchange SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VERWEY TRANSITION; MIXED-VALENCE; SPIN-WAVES; OXIDES; SUPERCONDUCTORS; ORTHOFERRITES AB The magnetic exchange energies in charge ordered La1/3Sr2/3FeO3-delta (LSFO) and its parent compound LaFeO3 (LFO) have been determined by inelastic neutron scattering. In LSFO, the measured ratio of ferromagnetic exchange between Fe3+-Fe5+ pairs (J(F)) and antiferromagnetic exchange between Fe3+-Fe3+ pairs (J(AF)) fulfills the criterion for charge ordering driven by magnetic interactions (|J(F)/J(AF)|> 1). The 30% reduction of J(AF) as compared to LFO indicates that doped holes are delocalized, and charge ordering occurs without a dominant influence from Coulomb interactions. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McQueeney, RJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Ma, Jie/C-1637-2013; McQueeney, Robert/A-2864-2016 OI McQueeney, Robert/0000-0003-0718-5602 NR 25 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 23 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 12 AR 126402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.126402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 149GP UT WOS:000245135400040 PM 17501139 ER PT J AU Meyer, JS Matveev, KA Larkin, AI AF Meyer, Julia S. Matveev, K. A. Larkin, A. I. TI Transition from a one-dimensional to a quasi-one-dimensional state in interacting quantum wires SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPIN POLARIZATION; ELECTRON-GAS AB Upon increasing the electron density in a quantum wire, the one-dimensional electron system undergoes a transition to a quasi-one-dimensional state. In the absence of interactions between electrons, this corresponds to filling up the second subband of transverse quantization, and there are two gapless excitation modes above the transition. On the other hand, strongly interacting one-dimensional electrons form a Wigner crystal, and the transition corresponds to it splitting into two chains (zigzag crystal). We show that the soft mode driving the transition to the zigzag state is gapped, and only one gapless mode exists above the transition. Furthermore, we establish that in the vicinity of the transition already arbitrarily weak interactions open a gap in the second mode. We then argue that only one gapless mode exists near the transition at any interaction strength. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Minnesota, WI Fine Theoret Phys Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Meyer, JS (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Meyer, Julia/G-4690-2016 NR 23 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 23 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 12 AR 126404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.126404 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 149GP UT WOS:000245135400042 PM 17501141 ER PT J AU Sen, C Alvarez, G Dagotto, E AF Sen, Cengiz Alvarez, Gonzalo Dagotto, Elbio TI Competing ferromagnetic and charge-ordered states in models for manganites: The origin of the colossal magnetoresistance effect SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-SEPARATION; PSEUDOGAP; POLARONS; PHYSICS; OXIDE AB The one-orbital model for manganites with cooperative phonons and superexchange coupling J(AF) is investigated via large-scale Monte Carlo simulations. The results for two orbitals are also briefly discussed. Focusing on the electron density n=0.75, a regime of competition between ferromagnetic metallic and charge-ordered (CO) insulating states is identified. In the vicinity of the associated bicritical point, colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) effects are observed. The CMR is associated with the development of short-distance correlations among polarons, above the spin ordering temperatures, resembling the charge arrangement of the low-temperature CO state. C1 Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Sen, C (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. NR 30 TC 119 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 23 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 12 AR 127202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.127202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 149GP UT WOS:000245135400054 PM 17501153 ER PT J AU Kass, MD AF Kass, Michael D. TI The loss of a valuable dolphin SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kass, MD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 23 PY 2007 VL 315 IS 5819 BP 1663 EP 1663 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 148WA UT WOS:000245106900012 PM 17379788 ER PT J AU Rubin, EM Noonan, JP AF Rubin, Edward M. Noonan, James P. TI Comparing neanderthal and human genomes - Response SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rubin, EM (reprint author), US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 23 PY 2007 VL 315 IS 5819 BP 1664 EP 1664 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 148WA UT WOS:000245106900016 ER PT J AU Liu, GK Vikhnin, VS AF Liu, G. K. Vikhnin, V. S. TI Anharmonic charge transfer vibronic states and luminescence dynamics of uranyl compounds SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL NATURE; CRYSTALS; ION; EXCITONS; SPECTRA; GLASS AB An adiabatic potential is constructed for uranyl (UO2)(2+) with inclusion of both harmonic and anharmonic types of charge transfer lattice interactions. Such an approach is used for modeling charge transfer vibronic transitions of uranyl in crystals. It is shown that anomalous hot bands observed in Cs2ZrCl6 : UO2Cl42- are due to a double-well potential of harmonic charge transfer vibronic excitons (CTVE-I) and anharmonic charge transfer vibronic excitons (CTVE-II). In order to explain an uncommon doublet in the absorption spectrum previously reported for UO2Cl42- in Cs2UO2Cl4 crystal, an anharmonic CTVE tunnel model is proposed based on the expected tunneling between CTVE-I and CTVE-II (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, Solid State Opt Dept, St Petersburg, Russia. RP Liu, GK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gkliu@anl.gov NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 22 PY 2007 VL 437 IS 1-3 BP 56 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.02.006 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 152ZN UT WOS:000245401200011 ER PT J AU Matsubara, T Dupuis, M Aida, M AF Matsubara, Toshiaki Dupuis, Michel Aida, Misako TI The ONIOM molecular dynamics method for biochemical applications: Cytidine deaminase SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID YEAST CYTOSINE DEAMINASE; FREE-ENERGY PERTURBATION; MO+MM IMOMM METHOD; CATALYTIC MECHANISM; WATER; SIMULATION; OPTIMIZATION; CONFORMATION; MINIMIZATION; DERIVATIVES AB We developed and implemented the ONIOM-molecular dynamics (MD) method for biochemical applications. The implementation allows the characterization of the functions of the real enzymes taking account of their thermal motion. In this method, the direct MD is performed-by calculating the ONIOM energy and gradients of the system on the fly. We describe the first application of this ONOM-MD method to cytidine deaminase. The environmental effects on the substrate in the active site are examined. The ONIOM-MD simulations show that the product uridine is strongly perturbed by the thermal motion of the environment and dissociates easily from the active site. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Hiroshima Univ, Ctr Quantum Life Sci, Higashihiroshima 739853, Japan. Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Higashihiroshima 739853, Japan. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Matsubara, T (reprint author), Hiroshima Univ, Ctr Quantum Life Sci, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739853, Japan. EM matsu05@hiroshima-u.ac.jp RI Aida, Misako/D-1670-2010 OI Aida, Misako/0000-0001-8788-1071 NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 22 PY 2007 VL 437 IS 1-3 BP 138 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.01.085 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 152ZN UT WOS:000245401200027 ER PT J AU Han, JG Zhao, RN Duan, YH AF Han, Ju-Guang Zhao, Run-Ning Duan, Yuhua TI Geometries, stabilities, and growth patterns of the bimetal Mo-2-doped Si-n (n=9-16) clusters: A density functional investigation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID SMALL SILICON CLUSTERS; LASER-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROSCOPY; DOPED GERMANIUM CLUSTERS; TRANSITION-METAL ATOMS; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; N=1-6 CLUSTERS; POTENTIALS; SILICIDES; BEHAVIOR AB The behaviors of the bimetal Mo-Mo doped cagelike silicon clusters Mo2Sin at the size of n = 9-16 have been investigated systematically with the density functional approach. The growth-pattern behaviors, relative stabilities, and charge-transfer of these clusters are presented and discussed. The optimized geometries reveal that the dominant growth patterns of the bimetal Mo-Mo doped on opened cagelike silicon clusters (n = 9-13) are based on pentagon prism MoSi10 and hexagonal prism MoSi12 clusters, while the Mo-2 encapsulated Si-n(n = 14-16) frames are dominant growth behaviors for the large-sized clusters. The doped Mo-2 dimer in the Si-n frames is dissociated under the interactions of the Mo-2 and Si-n frames which are examined in term of the calculated Mo-Mo distance. The calculated fragmentation energies manifest that the remarkable local maximums of stable clusters are Mo-2-doped Si-n with n = 10 and 12; the obtained relative stabilities exhibit that the Mo-2-doped Si-10 cluster is the most stable species in all different sized clusters. Natural population analysis shows that the charge-transfer phenomena appearing in the Mo-2-doped Si-n clusters are analogous to the single transition metal Re or W doped silicon clusters. In addition, the properties of frontier orbitals of Mo-2-doped Si-n (n = 10 and 12) clusters show that the Mo2Si10 and Mo2Si12 isomers have enhanced chemical stabilities because of their larger HOMO-LUMO gaps. Interestingly, the geometry of the most stable Mo2Si9 cluster has the framework which is analogous to that of Ni2Ge9 cluster confirmed by recent experimental observation (Goicoechea, J. M.; Sevov, S. C. J. Am Chem. Soc.2006, 128, 4155). C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NW Univ Xian, Inst Photon & Photon Technol, Xian 710069, Peoples R China. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Parsons Project Serv Inc, South Pk, PA 15129 USA. RP Han, JG (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM jghan@ustc.edu.cn RI Duan, Yuhua/D-6072-2011 OI Duan, Yuhua/0000-0001-7447-0142 NR 45 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 22 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 11 BP 2148 EP 2155 DI 10.1021/jp0661903 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 145WI UT WOS:000244896100016 PM 17388263 ER PT J AU Lazar, M Zhu, BL Angelici, RJ AF Lazar, Mihaela Zhu, Bolin Angelici, Robert J. TI Non-nanogold catalysis of reactions of isocyanides, secondary amines, and oxygen to give ureas SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ALKYL ISOCYANIDES; CARBENE COMPLEXES; POWDERED GOLD; ADSORPTION; MONOLAYERS; SURFACES; HYDRIDE; LIGANDS; ARYL AB Although numerous studies show that supported nanogold particles (< 5 nm) catalyze a variety of reactions, the results presented in this paper show that unsupported bulk gold powder (similar to 1000 nm particle size), which is generally known to be a poor catalyst, catalyzes the reactions of isocyanides (R-NC), secondary amines (HNR'(2)), and O-2 to give ureas OC(NHR)(NR'(2)) under mild conditions (60 degrees C, 1 atm O-2). Kinetic studies are consistent with a proposed mechanism. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Natl Inst Res & Dev Isotop & Mol Technol, Cluj Napoca 400293, Romania. RP Angelici, RJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM angelici@iastate.edu RI Lazar, Mihaela/B-7578-2011 OI Lazar, Mihaela/0000-0002-1679-1324 NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAR 22 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 11 BP 4074 EP 4076 DI 10.1021/jp070248b PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 147MD UT WOS:000245006200002 ER PT J AU Bulusu, S Li, X Wang, LS Zeng, XC AF Bulusu, Satya Li, Xi Wang, Lai-Sheng Zeng, Xiao Cheng TI Structural transitions from pyramidal to fused planar to tubular to core/shell compact in gold clusters: Au-n(-) (n=21-25) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; CORRELATION-ENERGY; DENSITY; APPROXIMATION; NANOCLUSTERS; ENERGETICS; MOLECULES; CHEMISTRY; FULLERENE; NONPLANAR AB We report a joint theoretical and experimental study of low-lying structures and structural transitions of gold cluster anions Au-n(-) in the size range of n = 21-25. Well-resolved photoelectron spectra are used to compare with density functional theory calculations and to identify the low-lying structures of the gold cluster anions. Due to the high stability of the tetrahedral Au-20, the pyramid-based structures are found to be competitive for n = 21-23. In addition to the pyramid-based structures, global-minimum searches also reveal two other generic structural types of low-lying clusters in the size range of n = 21-24, namely, the fused-planar and the hollow-tubular structures. At n = 24, the pyramid-based structures are no longer competitive and the hollow-tubular structures dominate the low-lying population. At n = 25, a structural transition from hollow-tubular to core/shell compact structure is observed. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM ls.wang@pnl.gov; xczeng@phase2.unl.edu NR 47 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAR 22 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 11 BP 4190 EP 4198 DI 10.1021/jp068897v PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 147MD UT WOS:000245006200022 ER PT J AU Mamontov, E Vlcek, L Wesolowski, DJ Cummings, PT Wang, W Anovitz, LM Rosenqvist, J Brown, CM Sakai, VG AF Mamontov, E. Vlcek, L. Wesolowski, D. J. Cummings, P. T. Wang, W. Anovitz, L. M. Rosenqvist, J. Brown, C. M. Sakai, V. Garcia TI Dynamics and structure of hydration water on rutile and cassiterite nanopowders studied by quasielastic neutron scattering and molecular dynamics simulations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID STRONG LIQUID TRANSITION; FORCE-FIELD PARAMETERS; SURFACE-WATER; OXIDE; ADSORPTION; SYSTEMS; MODEL; SPECTROMETER; POTENTIALS; DERIVATION AB Quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) experiments carried out using time-of-flight and backscattering neutron spectrometers with widely different energy resolution and dynamic range revealed the diffusion dynamics of hydration water in nanopowder rutile (TiO2) and cassiterite (SnO2) that possess the rutile crystal structure with the (110) crystal face predominant on the surface. These isostructural oxides differ in their bulk dielectric constants, metal atom electronegativities, and lattice spacings, which may all contribute to differences in the structure and dynamics of sorbed water. When hydrated under ambient conditions, the nanopowders had similar levels of hydration: about 3.5 (OH/H2O) molecules per Ti2O4 surface structural unit of TiO2 and about 4.0 (OH/H2O) molecules per Sn2O4 surface unit of SnO2. Ab initio optimized classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the (110) surfaces in contact with SPC/E water at these levels of hydration indicate three structurally distinct sorbed water layers L-1, L-2, and L-3, where the L-1 species are either associated water molecules or dissociated hydroxyl groups in direct contact with the surface, L-2 water molecules are hydrogen bonded to L-1 and structural oxygen atoms at the surface, and L-3 water molecules are more weakly bound. At the hydration levels studied, L-3 is incomplete compared with axial oxygen density profiles of bulk SPC/E water in contact with these surfaces, but the structure and dynamics of L-1-L-3 species are remarkably similar at full and reduced water coverage. Three hydration water diffusion components, on the time scale of a picosecond, tens of picoseconds, and a nanosecond could be extracted from the QENS spectra of both oxides. However, the spectral weight of the faster components was significantly lower for SnO2 compared to TiO2. In TiO2 hydration water, the more strongly bound L-2 water molecules exhibited slow (on the time scale of a nanosecond) dynamics characterized by super-Arrhenius, "fragile" behavior above 220 K and the dynamic transition to Arrhenius, "strong" behavior at lower temperatures. The more loosely bound L-3 water molecules in TiO2 exhibited faster dynamics with Arrhenius temperature dependence. On the other hand, the slow diffusion component in L-2 hydration water on SnO2, also on the time scale of a nanosecond, showed little evidence of super-Arrhenius behavior or the "fragile"-to-"strong" transition. This observation demonstrates that the occurrence of super-Arrhenius dynamic behavior in surface water is sensitive to the strength of interaction of the water molecules with the surface and the distribution of surface water molecules among the different hydration layers. Analysis of energy transfer spectra generated from the molecular dynamics simulations shows fast and intermediate dynamics in good agreement with the QENS time-of-flight results. Also demonstrated by the simulation is the fast (compared to 1 ns) exchange between the water molecules of the L-2 and L-3 hydration layers. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mamontov, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mamontove@ornl.gov RI Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015; Anovitz, Lawrence/P-3144-2016; Wang, Wei/B-5924-2012; Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013; Vlcek, Lukas/N-7090-2013; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009 OI Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675; Anovitz, Lawrence/0000-0002-2609-8750; Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216; Vlcek, Lukas/0000-0003-4782-7702; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355 NR 38 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 5 U2 68 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAR 22 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 11 BP 4328 EP 4341 DI 10.1021/jp067242r PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 147MD UT WOS:000245006200038 ER PT J AU Lyubinetsky, I Yu, ZQ Henderson, MA AF Lyubinetsky, I. Yu, Z. Q. Henderson, M. A. TI Direct observation of adsorption evolution and bonding configuration of TMAA on TiO2(110) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID TUNNELING MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATION; FORMIC-ACID; SURFACES; DEHYDRATION; OXYGEN; WATER AB Trimethylacetic acid (TMAA) adsorption evolution on the rutile TiO2(110) surface from submonolayer to saturation coverages was examined at the atomic level by scanning tunneling microscopy using the same area analysis approach. Upon TMAA deprotonation, no evidence of terminal OH group formation has been found. It has been suggested that uncommon geometry associated with detached hydrogen atom takes place instead, with proton bonding to pair bridging oxygen atoms. Such a configuration is likely to be stabilized by adjacent adsorbed TMA groups and, in turn, be a factor in the formation of TMA (2 x 1) reconstruction at saturation coverage. It also shown that the surface defects do not have a major impact on TMAA adsorption. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lyubinetsky, I (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM igor.lyubinetsky@pnl.gov NR 28 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAR 22 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 11 BP 4342 EP 4346 DI 10.1021/jp067264d PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 147MD UT WOS:000245006200039 ER PT J AU Uemura, S Dorywalska, M Lee, TH Kim, HD Puglisi, JD Chu, S AF Uemura, Sotaro Dorywalska, Magdalena Lee, Tae-Hee Kim, Harold D. Puglisi, Joseph D. Chu, Steven TI Peptide bond formation destabilizes Shine-Dalgarno interaction on the ribosome SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER-RNA; MESSENGER-RNA; A-SITES; P-SITES; TRANSLOCATION; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSLATION; ELONGATION AB The ribosome is a molecular machine that translates the genetic code contained in the messenger RNA into an amino acid sequence through repetitive cycles of transfer RNA selection, peptide bond formation and translocation(1-3). Here we demonstrate an optical tweezer assay to measure the rupture force between a single ribosome complex and mRNA. The rupture force was compared between ribosome complexes assembled on an mRNA with and without a strong Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence - a sequence found just upstream of the coding region of bacterial mRNAs, involved in translation initiation(4,5). The removal of the SD sequence significantly reduced the rupture force in complexes carrying an aminoacyl tRNA, Phe-tRNA(Phe), in the A site, indicating that the SD interactions contribute significantly to the stability of the ribosomal complex on the mRNA before peptide bond formation. In contrast, the presence of a peptidyl tRNA analogue, N-acetyl-Phe-tRNA(Phe), in the A site, which mimicked the post-peptidyl transfer state, weakened the rupture force as compared to the complex with Phe-tRNA(Phe), and the resultant force was the same for both the SD-containing and SD-deficient mRNAs. These results suggest that formation of the first peptide bond destabilizes the SD interaction, resulting in the weakening of the force with which the ribosome grips an mRNA. This might be an important requirement to facilitate movement of the ribosome along mRNA during the first translocation step. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Struct, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Puglisi, JD (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Struct, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM puglisi@stanford.edu; schu@lbl.gov RI Lee, Tae-Hee/A-1266-2010 NR 16 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 22 PY 2007 VL 446 IS 7134 BP 454 EP 457 DI 10.1038/nature05625 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 148MO UT WOS:000245079500043 PM 17377584 ER PT J AU Tatar, R Watari, T AF Tatar, Radu Watari, Taizan TI A stable proton without R-parity: Implications for the LSP SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID GAUGE-SYMMETRY; SUPERGRAVITY; COLLIDERS AB The proton decays too rapidly in supersymmetric theories if a dimension-4 operator 5 (.) 10 (.) 5 exists in the superpotential. The conventional idea is to impose the R-parity to kill this operator with a stable lightest supersymmetry particle (LSP) as a direct consequence. However, the SUSY-zero mechanism is also able to kill the operator without an unbroken R-parity. In this article, we provide a firm theoretical justification for the absence of the dimension-4 proton decay operator under the SUSY-zero mechanism, by using some input from string theory. The LSP may be unstable without the R-parity and, indeed, some dimension-5 R-parity violating operators may be generated in effective theories. This suggests that the dark matter is an axion in this string theory inspired model. An insight on the SUSY-zero mechanism is also obtained. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Div Theoret Phys, Dept Math Sci, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. RP Watari, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rtatar@liverpool.ac.uk; twatari@lbl.gov OI Watari, Taizan/0000-0002-8879-1008 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAR 22 PY 2007 VL 646 IS 5-6 BP 258 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2007.01.020 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 156OT UT WOS:000245659500009 ER PT J AU Zhao, HB Kwak, JH Zhang, ZC Brown, HM Arey, BW Holladay, JE AF Zhao, Haibo Kwak, Ja Hun Zhang, Z. Conrad Brown, Heather M. Arey, Bruce W. Holladay, Johnathan E. TI Studying cellulose fiber structure by SEM, XRD, NMR and acid hydrolysis SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE cellulose; cotton linter; macrofibril; microfibril; hydrolysis; SEM; XRD; NMR; amorphous ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; X-RAY; DIFFRACTION; CRYSTALLINITY AB Cotton linters were partially hydrolyzed in dilute acid and the morphology of remaining macrofibrils was studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) under various magnifications. The crystalline region in cellulose is composed of microfibril bundles instead of separated microfibrils. These microfibril bundles in the macrofibrils were exposed by removing amorphous cellulose on and near the surface of the macrofibers. XRD suggests that the microfibril bundles have diameters of 20-30 nm. Cellulose apparent crystallinity was not altered by hydrolysis, as indicated by XRD and NMR results. These facts suggest that amorphous cellulose in the bulk (not on the surface) is not accessible to hydrolysis and that microfibril bundles are hydrolyzed through a surface reaction process. The observed agglomerization of macrofibers could be the result of the high surface potential from the remaining nucrofibrils or acid catalyzed intermolecular surface dehydration between macrofibrils. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Holladay, JE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM john.holladay@pnl.gov RI Kwak, Ja Hun/J-4894-2014 NR 15 TC 152 Z9 165 U1 13 U2 117 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD MAR 21 PY 2007 VL 68 IS 2 BP 235 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.12.013 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 149TE UT WOS:000245168800005 ER PT J AU Du, SY Francisco, JS Schenter, GK Garrett, BC AF Du, Shiyu Francisco, Joseph S. Schenter, Gregory K. Garrett, Bruce C. TI Ab initio and analytical intermolecular potential for ClO-H2O SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSFERABLE INTERACTION MODELS; COUPLED-CLUSTER THEORY; RADICAL COMPLEX; LIQUID WATER; 1ST PRINCIPLES; GAS-PHASE; ELECTRON CORRELATION; ROTATIONAL SPECTRUM; CHLORINE OXIDE; EXCITED-STATES AB In recent years, the ClO free radical has been found to play an important role in the ozone removal processes in the atmosphere. In this work, the authors present a potential energy surface scan of the ClO center dot H2O system with high-level ab initio methods. Because of the existence of low-lying excited states of the ClO center dot H2O complex and their potential impact on the chemical behavior of the ClO radical in the atmosphere, the authors perform the potential energy surface scan at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory of both the first excited and ground states. Analytical potentials for both ground and excited states, with the ClO and H2O units held fixed at their optimized geometries and with anisotropic atomic polarizabilities modeling the physics of the unpaired electron in the ClO radical, were built based on a Thole-type model. The two minima of the ClO center dot H2O complex are recovered by the analytical potential. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Du, SY (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Garrett, Bruce/F-8516-2011; Schenter, Gregory/I-7655-2014 OI Schenter, Gregory/0000-0001-5444-5484 NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 21 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 11 AR 114304 DI 10.1063/1.2566537 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 149BA UT WOS:000245120400016 PM 17381203 ER PT J AU Kimmel, GA Petrik, NG Dohnalek, Z Kay, BD AF Kimmel, Greg A. Petrik, Nikolay G. Dohnalek, Zdenek Kay, Bruce D. TI Crystalline ice growth on Pt(111) and Pd(111): Nonwetting growth on a hydrophobic water monolayer SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS SOLID WATER; ENERGY-ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; FORCE MICROSCOPY; LOW-TEMPERATURES; FILMS; SURFACE; DESORPTION; SUBSTRATE; KINETICS; ADSORPTION AB The growth of crystalline ice films on Pt(111) and Pd(111) is investigated using temperature programed desorption of the water films and of rare gases adsorbed on the water films. The water monolayer wets both Pt(111) and Pd(111) at all temperatures investigated [e.g., 20-155 K for Pt(111)]. However, crystalline ice films grown at higher temperatures (e.g., T > 135 K) do not wet the monolayer. Similar results are obtained for crystalline ice films of D2O and H2O. Amorphous water films, which initially wet the surface, crystallize and dewet, exposing the water monolayer when they are annealed at higher temperatures. Thinner films crystallize and dewet at lower temperatures than thicker films. For samples sputtered with energetic Xe atoms to prepare ice crystallites surrounded by bare Pt(111), subsequent annealing of the films causes water molecules to diffuse off the ice crystallites to reform the water monolayer. A simple model suggests that, for crystalline films grown at high temperatures, the ice crystallites are initially widely separated with typical distances between crystallites of similar to 14 nm or more. The experimental results are consistent with recent theory and experiments suggesting that the molecules in the water monolayer form a surface with no dangling OH bonds or lone pair electrons, giving rise to a hydrophobic water monolayer on both Pt(111) and Pd(111). C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kimmel, GA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Div, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM gregory.kimmel@pnl.gov; bruce.kay@pnl.gov RI Petrik, Nikolay/G-3267-2015; OI Petrik, Nikolay/0000-0001-7129-0752; Kimmel, Greg/0000-0003-4447-2440; Dohnalek, Zdenek/0000-0002-5999-7867 NR 47 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 42 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 21 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 11 AR 114702 DI 10.1063/1.2672869 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 149BA UT WOS:000245120400036 PM 17381223 ER PT J AU Szpunar, DE Faulhaber, AE Kautzman, KE Crider, PE Neumark, DM AF Szpunar, David E. Faulhaber, Ann Elise Kautzman, Kathryn E. Crider, Paul E., II Neumark, Daniel M. TI D atom loss in the photodissociation of the DNCN radical: Implications for prompt NO formation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETER; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; TRANSITION-STATE-THEORY; FAST BEAM; AB-INITIO; SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS; MECHANISM; NCN; SPECTRUM AB The photodissociation of DNCN following excitation of the C (2)A(')<- X (2)A(') electronic transition was studied using fast beam photofragment translational spectroscopy. Analysis of the time-of-flight distributions reveals a photodissociation channel leading to D+NCN competitive with the previously observed CD+N-2 product channel. The translational energy distributions describing the D+NCN channel are peaked at low energy, consistent with internal conversion to the ground state followed by statistical decay and the absence of an exit barrier. The results suggest a relatively facile pathway for the reaction CH+N-2 -> H+NCN that proceeds through the HNCN intermediate and support a recently proposed mechanism for prompt NO production in flames. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Neumark, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dneumark@berkeley.edu RI Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009 OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473 NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 21 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 11 AR 114311 DI 10.1063/1.2710271 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 149BA UT WOS:000245120400023 PM 17381210 ER PT J AU George, SJ Igarashi, RY Piamonteze, C Soboh, B Cramer, SP Rubio, LM AF George, Simon J. Igarashi, Robert Y. Piamonteze, Cinthia Soboh, Basem Cramer, Stephen P. Rubio, Luis M. TI Identification of a Mo-Fe-S cluster on NifEN by MoK-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID IRON-MOLYBDENUM COFACTOR; IN-VITRO SYNTHESIS; AZOTOBACTER-VINELANDII; NITROGENASE; PROTEIN; PURIFICATION; COMPLEX; MATURATION; RESOLUTION; PRECURSOR AB The NifEN protein complex serves as a molecular scaffold where some of the steps for the assembly of the iron-molybdenum cofactor (FeMo-co) of nitrogenase take place. Purified NifEN protein contains multiple metal-sulfur clusters, where the exact types, structures, or functions are still unclear. Recently, Mo that is suitable for in vitro FeMo-co biosynthesis was found to be bound to purified NifEN. Molybdenum K-edge EXAFS performed on purified NifEN shows that the NifEN-bound Mo is part of a [MoFe3S3+X] ligand environment within the protein complex. The presence of a [MoFe3S3+X] cluster in NifEN has profound implications for FeMo-co synthesis. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Biol & Environm Xray Facil, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Rubio, LM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lrubio@nature.berkeley.edu RI Rubio, Luis/B-5827-2009; Piamonteze, Cinthia/E-9740-2016 OI Rubio, Luis/0000-0003-1596-2475; FU NIBIB NIH HHS [EB-001962]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-35332, GM-65440] NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 11 BP 3060 EP + DI 10.1021/ja0663428 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 145WQ UT WOS:000244896900015 PM 17315869 ER PT J AU Miller, RA Presley, AD Francis, MB AF Miller, Rebekah A. Presley, Andrew D. Francis, Matthew B. TI Self-assembling light-harvesting systems from synthetically modified tobacco mosaic virus coat proteins SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-TRANSFER; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; SURFACE MODIFICATION; PIGMENT INTERACTIONS; EXCITATION-ENERGY; BUILDING-BLOCKS; QUANTUM DOTS; DENDRIMERS; COMPLEX; POLYMERS AB A new protein-based approach has been developed for the construction of light-harvesting systems through self-assembly. The building blocks were prepared by attaching fluorescent chromophores to cysteine residues introduced on tobacco mosaic virus coat protein monomers. When placed under the appropriate buffer conditions, these conjugates could be assembled into stacks of disks or into rods that reached hundreds of nanometers in length. Characterization of the system using fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that efficient energy transfer could be achieved from large numbers of donor chromophores to a single acceptor. Energy transfer is proposed to occur through direct donor-acceptor interactions, although degenerate donor-to-donor transfer events are also possible. Three-chromophore systems were also prepared to achieve broad spectrum light collection with over 90% overall efficiency. Through the combination of self-organizing biological structures and synthetic building blocks, a highly tunable new method has emerged for the construction of photovoltaic device components. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Francis, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM francis@cchem.berkeley.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1 T32 GM066698] NR 54 TC 220 Z9 221 U1 5 U2 75 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 11 BP 3104 EP 3109 DI 10.1021/ja063887t PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 145WQ UT WOS:000244896900035 PM 17319656 ER PT J AU Chabinyc, ML Toney, MF Kline, RJ McCulloch, I Heeney, M AF Chabinyc, Michael L. Toney, Michael F. Kline, R. Joseph McCulloch, Iain Heeney, Martin TI X-ray scattering study of thin films of poly(2,5-bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT MOBILITY; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; REGIOREGULAR POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); EFFECT TRANSISTORS; CRYSTALLINE-STRUCTURE; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; POLYFLUORENE; POLYTHIOPHENE; DIFFRACTION; POLYMERS AB Poly(2,5-bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene), PBTTT, is a semiconducting polymer that forms thin film transistors (TFTs) with high field effect mobility on silicon dioxide dielectrics that are treated with alkyltrichlorosilanes (similar to 0.2 to 0.5 cm(2)/V s) but forms TFTs with poor mobility on bare silicon dioxide (< 0.005 cm(2)/V s). The microstructure of spin-coated thin films of PBTTT on these surfaces was studied using synchrotron X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. PBTTT crystallizes with lamellae of pi-stacked polymer chains on both surfaces. The crystalline domains are well-oriented relative to the substrate in the as-spun state and become highly oriented and more ordered with thermal annealing in the liquid crystalline mesophase. Although the X-ray scattering from PBTTT is nearly identical on both surfaces, atomic force microscopy showed that the domain size of the crystalline regions depends on the substrate surface. These results suggest that electrical transport in PBTTT films is strongly affected by the domain size of the crystalline regions and the disordered regions between them. C1 Palo Alto Res Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Synchrotron Res Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NIST, Polymers Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Merck Chem, Southampton, Hants, England. RP Chabinyc, ML (reprint author), Palo Alto Res Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM mchabinyc@parc.com RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; Chabinyc, Michael/E-2387-2011; Heeney, Martin/O-1916-2013 OI Heeney, Martin/0000-0001-6879-5020 NR 49 TC 239 Z9 239 U1 14 U2 99 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 11 BP 3226 EP 3237 DI 10.1021/ja0670714 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 145WQ UT WOS:000244896900050 PM 17315871 ER PT J AU Kumar, P McMahon, E Panaitescu, A Willingale, R O'Brien, P Burrows, D Cummings, J Gehrels, N Holland, S Pandey, SB Berk, DV Zane, S AF Kumar, P. McMahon, E. Panaitescu, A. Willingale, R. O'Brien, P. Burrows, D. Cummings, J. Gehrels, N. Holland, S. Pandey, S. B. Berk, D. Vanden Zane, S. TI The nature of the outflow in gamma-ray bursts SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE gamma-rays : bursts; gamma-rays : theory ID AFTERGLOW EMISSION; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; LIGHT-CURVE; FIREBALLS; PULSARS; PROMPT; MODEL AB The Swift satellite has enabled us to follow the evolution of gamma-ray burst (GRB) fireballs from the prompt gamma-ray emission to the afterglow phase. The early-time X-ray and optical data for GRBs obtained by telescopes aboard the Swift satellite show that the source for prompt gamma-ray emission, the emission that heralds these bursts, is short lived, and is distinct from the source for the long-lived afterglow emission that follows the initial burst. Using these data we determine the distance of the gamma-ray source from the centre of the explosion. We find this distance to be 10(15)-10(16) cm for most bursts, and show that this is within a factor of about 10 of the radius of the shock heated circumstellar medium (CSM) producing the X-ray photons. Furthermore, using the early gamma-ray, X-ray and optical data we show that the prompt gamma-ray emission cannot be produced in internal shocks nor can it be produced in the external shock; in a more general sense gamma-ray generation mechanisms based on shock physics have problems explaining the GRB data for ten Swift bursts analyzed in this work. A magnetic field dominated outflow model for GRBs has a number of attractive features, although evidence in its favour is inconclusive. Finally, the X-ray and optical data allow us to provide an upper limit on the density of the CSM of about 10 protons cm(-3) at a distance of similar to 5 x 10(16) cm from the centre of explosion. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. RP Kumar, P (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Astron, RLM 15308, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM pk@astro.as.utexas.edu; emcmahon@astro.as.utexas.edu RI Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012 NR 23 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2007 VL 376 IS 1 BP L57 EP L61 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.00286.x PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 145TC UT WOS:000244886400013 ER PT J AU Yu, ZQ Wang, CM Engelhard, MH Nachimuthu, P McCready, DE Lyubinetsky, IV Thevuthasan, S AF Yu, Z. Q. Wang, C. M. Engelhard, M. H. Nachimuthu, P. McCready, D. E. Lyubinetsky, I. V. Thevuthasan, S. TI Epitaxial growth and microstructure of Cu2O nanoparticle/thin films on SrTiO3(100) SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE THIN-FILMS; CUPROUS-OXIDE; GALVANOSTATIC DEPOSITION; CUO AB Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) was grown on SrTiO3 (STO)( 100) by oxygen plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy. The microstructure of the grown layer and the Cu valence state were analysed using x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well as electron diffraction. The grown layer was dominated by the Cu2O phase, possessing an epitaxial orientation of Cu2O(001)vertical bar vertical bar STO( 001) and Cu2O(100)vertical bar vertical bar STO( 100) with respect to the substrate. The morphology of the Cu2O film shows a dependence on the growth rate. Typically, fast growth will lead to the formation of a thin film with a relatively smooth surface. Slow growth will lead to the development of nanoparticles, featuring the formation of Cu2O pyramids. The pyramids are invariantly defined by the Cu2O{111} planes. Given the fact that the {111} planes correspond to the lowest surface energy of Cu2O, slow growth will give the system enough time to allow it to adopt the pyramid configuration by which the overall energy of the system is minimized. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Nanjing Normal Univ, Dept Chem, Nanjing 210097, Peoples R China. RP Thevuthasan, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM theva@pnl.gov RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; OI Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 27 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 34 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD MAR 21 PY 2007 VL 18 IS 11 AR 115601 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/18/11/115601 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 150RQ UT WOS:000245234600001 ER PT J AU Nelson, WR Field, C AF Nelson, W. Ralph Field, Clive TI Comparison of EGS5 simulations with experiment SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic shower; benchmark; simulation ID ALUMINUM AB Simulations, made using EGS5, of the longitudinal and radial distributions of energy deposition of electrons of various energies are compared with experimental results in the literature. Energies and materials are: 1 GeV in water and aluminum; 6 GeV in aluminum, copper and lead; and (longitudinal only) 28.5 GeV in alumina (Al2O3). There is general agreement within a few percent over most of the shower profile. Substantial discrepancies are noted at depths far beyond shower maximum, reaching similar to 30-50% in the cases of lead and copper at 6 GeV. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Field, C (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM sargon@slac.stanford.edu NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 21 PY 2007 VL 572 IS 3 BP 1083 EP 1093 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.01.015 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 151OY UT WOS:000245301200009 ER PT J AU Toth, JJ Wittman, R Schenter, RE Cooper, JA AF Toth, James J. Wittman, Richard Schenter, Robert E. Cooper, John A. TI Candidate reactions for mercury detection induced by neutron and alpha particles SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE fast neutrons; modeling; prompt gamma neutron analysis (PGNAA); mercury; isotopic composition AB This paper summarizes modeling of mercury to activated states with alpha particles, neutrons, or deuterons, and the spectral emission from the activated products. Activation can occur with a neutron source such as Cf-242, Am-241-Be, a neutron generator, or a particle accelerator, and the activation products are measured if sufficient signal is provided. Identification and measurement of mercury by prompt gamma emission, generated by bombardment with neutrons are reported. Activation product reactions of (alpha, xn) (d, xn) (n, gamma) and (n, p) are screened as candidate reactions. In addition to prompt gamma emission, products and cross-sections of delayed activation involving alphas, deuterons and neutrons are also reported. Initial calculations indicate the potential use of either alpha, or 14 MeV neutron activation to assess part per billion concentrations of mercury in the gaseous phase. Ultimately, data from sample analysis of ambient-condition flue gas will be used to assess mercury detection sensitivity and specificity under typical operating conditions. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Cooper Environm Sci, Portland, OR 97223 USA. RP Toth, JJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM james.toth@pnl.gov NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 21 PY 2007 VL 572 IS 3 BP 1102 EP 1105 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.12.032 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 151OY UT WOS:000245301200011 ER PT J AU Pariev, VI Colgate, SA AF Pariev, Vladimir I. Colgate, Stirling A. TI A magnetic alpha-omega dynamo in AGN disks. I. The hydrodynamics of star-disk collisions and Keplerian flow SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; galaxies : active; magnetic fields ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; MASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; ROSSBY-WAVE INSTABILITY; THIN ACCRETION DISKS; DOUBLE RADIO-SOURCES; EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; NON-LTE MODELS; THEORETICAL SPECTRA; POYNTING JETS; QUASARS AB A magnetic field dynamo in the inner regions of the accretion disk surrounding the supermassive black holes in AGNs may be the mechanism that generates magnetic fields in galaxies and in extragalactic space. We argue that the two coherent motions produced by (1) the Keplerian motion and (2) star-disk collisions, numerous in the inner region of AGN accretion disks, are both basic to the formation of a robust, coherent dynamo and consequently to the generation of large-scale magnetic fields. Star-disk collisions are frequent enough to account for an integrated dynamo gain, e(109) at 100 gravitational radii of a central black hole, many orders of magnitude greater than what is required to amplify any seed field, no matter how small. The existence of extragalactic, coherent, large-scale magnetic fields whose energies greatly exceed all but massive black hole energies is recognized. In Paper II we argue that in order to produce a dynamo that can access the free energy of black hole formation and produce all the magnetic flux in a coherent fashion, the existence of these two coherent motions in a conducting fluid is required. The differential winding of Keplerian motion is obvious; the counter-rotation of driven plumes in a rotating frame is less well known, but has been previously demonstrated in laboratory modeling. The disk structure depends on the model of alpha, the transport coefficient of angular momentum chosen, but fortunately the magnetic effect is independent of the disk model. Both motions are discussed in this paper. The description is preliminary to two theoretical derivations and one numerical simulation of the alpha-omega dynamo in Paper II. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Astrophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Pariev, VI (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 90 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 658 IS 1 BP 114 EP 128 DI 10.1086/510734 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 146IY UT WOS:000244928900012 ER PT J AU Pariev, VI Colgate, SA Finn, JM AF Pariev, Vladimir I. Colgate, Stirling A. Finn, J. M. TI A magnetic alpha-omega dynamo in AGN disks. II. Magnetic field generation, theories, and simulations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; galaxies : active; magnetic fields ID ROSSBY-WAVE INSTABILITY; THIN ACCRETION DISKS; BLACK-HOLES; GALACTIC DISK; SUPERNOVA EXPLOSIONS; FLOWS; SUPERBUBBLES; TURBULENCE; DRIVEN; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS AB We show that a dynamo can be produced in an active galactic nucleus (AGN) accretion disk by the Keplerian shear and the helical motions of expanding and twisting plumes of plasma heated by many star passages through the disk. Each plume rotates a fraction of the toroidal flux into poloidal flux, always in the same direction, through a finite angle, and proportional to its diameter. The predicted growth rate of poloidal magnetic flux, based on two analytic approaches and numerical simulations, leads to a rapid exponentiation of a seed field, similar to 0.1 to similar to 0.01 per Keplerian period at the inner part of the disk. The initial value of the seed field may therefore be arbitrarily small, yet through dynamo gain reach saturation very early in the disk history. Because of tidal disruption of stars close to the black hole, the maximum growth rate occurs at a radius of about 100 gravitational radii from the central object. The generated mean magnetic field, a quadrupole field, has predominantly even parity, so that the radial component does not reverse sign across the midplane. The linear growth is predicted to be the same by three different theoretical analyses: the flux conversion model, the mean field approach, and numerical modeling. The common feature is the conducting fluid flow (considered in Paper I), where two coherent large-scale flows occur naturally, the differential winding of Keplerian motion and differential rotation of expanding plumes. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Astrophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Theory Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Pariev, VI (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 79 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 658 IS 1 BP 129 EP 160 DI 10.1086/510735 PN 1 PG 32 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 146IY UT WOS:000244928900013 ER PT J AU Belokurov, V Evans, NW Irwin, MJ Lynden-Bell, D Yanny, B Vidrih, S Gilmore, G Seabroke, G Zucker, DB Wilkinson, MI Hewett, PC Bramich, DM Fellhauer, M Newberg, HJ Wyse, RFG Beers, TC Bell, EF Barentine, JC Brinkmann, J Cole, N Pan, K York, DG AF Belokurov, V. Evans, N. W. Irwin, M. J. Lynden-Bell, D. Yanny, B. Vidrih, S. Gilmore, G. Seabroke, G. Zucker, D. B. Wilkinson, M. I. Hewett, P. C. Bramich, D. M. Fellhauer, M. Newberg, H. J. Wyse, R. F. G. Beers, T. C. Bell, E. F. Barentine, J. C. Brinkmann, J. Cole, N. Pan, K. York, D. G. TI An orphan in the "Field of Streams" SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : kinematics and dynamics; galaxies : structure; Local Group ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; HALO GLOBULAR-CLUSTER; MILKY-WAY; HIGH-VELOCITY; DATA RELEASE; STELLAR STREAM; GALACTIC HALO; TIDAL TAILS; SYSTEM; GALAXY AB We use Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 5 photometry and spectroscopy to study a tidal stream that extends over similar to 50 degrees in the north Galactic cap. From the analysis of the path of the stream and the colors and magnitudes of its stars, the stream is similar to 20(-5)(+7) kpc away at its nearest detection (the celestial equator). We detect a distance gradient: the stream is farther away from us at higher declination. The contents of the stream are made up from a predominantly old and metal-poor population that is similar to the globular clusters M13 and M92. The integrated absolute magnitude of the stream stars is estimated to be M-r similar to -7.5. There is tentative evidence for a velocity signature, with the stream moving at similar to-40 km s(-1) at low declinations and similar to + 100 km s(-1) at high declinations. The stream lies on the same great circle as Complex A, a roughly linear association of H I high-velocity clouds stretching over similar to 30 degrees on the sky, and as Ursa Major II, a recently discovered dwarf spheroidal galaxy. Lying close to the same great circle are a number of anomalous, young, and metal-poor globular clusters, including Palomar 1 and Ruprecht 106. C1 Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Joint Inst Nucl Astrophys, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Belokurov, V (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. EM vasily@ast.cam.ac.uk; nwe@ast.cam.ac.uk; mike@ast.cam.ac.uk OI Bell, Eric/0000-0002-5564-9873 NR 43 TC 163 Z9 165 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 658 IS 1 BP 337 EP 344 DI 10.1086/511302 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 146IY UT WOS:000244928900028 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Allen, B Berley, D Blaufuss, E Casanova, S Chen, C Coyne, DG Delay, RS Dingus, BL Ellsworth, RW Fleysher, L Fleysher, R Gebauer, I Gonzalez, MM Goodman, JA Hays, E Hoffman, CM Kolterman, BE Kelley, LA Lansdell, CP Linnemann, JT McEnery, JE Mincer, AI Moskalenko, IV Nemethy, P Noyes, D Ryan, JM Samuelson, FW Parkinson, PMS Schneider, M Shoup, A Sinnis, G Smith, AJ Strong, AW Sullivan, GW Vasileiou, V Walker, GP Williams, DA Xu, XW Yodh, GB AF Abdo, A. A. Allen, B. Berley, D. Blaufuss, E. Casanova, S. Chen, C. Coyne, D. G. Delay, R. S. Dingus, B. L. Ellsworth, R. W. Fleysher, L. Fleysher, R. Gebauer, I. Gonzalez, M. M. Goodman, J. A. Hays, E. Hoffman, C. M. Kolterman, B. E. Kelley, L. A. Lansdell, C. P. Linnemann, J. T. McEnery, J. E. Mincer, A. I. Moskalenko, I. V. Nemethy, P. Noyes, D. Ryan, J. M. Samuelson, F. W. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Schneider, M. Shoup, A. Sinnis, G. Smith, A. J. Strong, A. W. Sullivan, G. W. Vasileiou, V. Walker, G. P. Williams, D. A. Xu, X. W. Yodh, G. B. TI Discovery of TeV gamma-ray emission from the Cygnus region of the Galaxy SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; cosmic rays; gamma rays : observations; pulsars : individual (G75.2+0.1) ID BACKGROUND REJECTION TECHNIQUE; COMPLETE CO SURVEY; GALACTIC PLANE; PSR J2021+3651; CRAB-NEBULA; MILKY-WAY; PULSAR; TELESCOPES; SPECTRUM; CATALOG AB The diffuse gamma radiation arising from the interaction of cosmic-ray particles with matter and radiation in the Galaxy is one of the few probes available to study the origin of the cosmic rays. Data from the Milagro gamma-ray observatory - a water Cerenkov detector that continuously views similar to 2 sr of the overhead sky - shows that the brightest extended region in the entire northern sky is the Cygnus region of the Galactic plane. The TeV image of the Cygnus region contains at least one new source, MGRO J2019 + 37, which is 10.9 sigma above the isotropic background, as well as correlations with the matter density in the region. However, the gamma-ray flux from the Cygnus region (after excluding MGRO J2019 + 37) as measured at similar to 12 TeV exceeds that predicted from a model of cosmic-ray production and propagation. This observation indicates the existence of either hard-spectrum cosmic-ray sources and/or unresolved sources of TeV gamma rays in the region. C1 Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NYU, New York, NY USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-7500 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Ohio State Univ, Lima, OH 45804 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-37075 Garching, Germany. RP Abdo, AA (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Casanova, Sabrina/J-8935-2013; OI Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Casanova, Sabrina/0000-0002-6144-9122; Dingus, Brenda/0000-0001-8451-7450; Mincer, Allen/0000-0002-6307-1418 NR 33 TC 121 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 658 IS 1 BP L33 EP L36 DI 10.1086/513696 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 146JD UT WOS:000244929400009 ER PT J AU Longo, A Guanga, GP Rose, RB AF Longo, Antonella Guanga, Gerald P. Rose, Robert B. TI Structural basis for induced fit mechanisms in DNA recognition by the Pdx1 homeodomain SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID N-TERMINAL ARM; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR IDX1/IPF1; PANCREATIC-ISLET CELLS; ANTENNAPEDIA HOMEODOMAIN; COOPERATIVE INTERACTIONS; FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICITY; BINDING SPECIFICITY; HOX PROTEINS; SOMATOSTATIN PROMOTER; ENGRAILED HOMEODOMAIN AB Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1) is a homeodomain transcription factor belonging to the ParaHox family. Pdx1 plays an essential role in pancreatic endocrine and exocrine cell development and maintenance of adult islet beta-cell function. Mutations in the human pdx1 gene are linked to an early onset form of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, MODY-4. We demonstrate that the homeodomain reproduces the binding specificity of the full-length protein. We report the 2.4 A resolution crystal structure of the homeodomain bound to a target DNA. The two Pdx1/DNA complexes in the asymmetric unit display conformational differences: in the DNA curvature, the orientation of the homeodomain in the major groove, and the order of the N-terminal arm. Comparing the two complexes indicates invariant protein-DNA contacts, and variant contacts that are unique to each binding orientation. An induced fit model is proposed that depends on the DNA conformation and provides a mechanism for nonlocal contributions to binding specificity. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mol & Struct Biochem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CCS, CSM, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rose, RB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mol & Struct Biochem, 128 Polk Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM bob_rose@ncsu.edu NR 69 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 11 BP 2948 EP 2957 DI 10.1021/bi0609691 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 145HB UT WOS:000244854800005 PM 17315980 ER PT J AU Verma, S Xiong, YJ Mayer, MU Squier, TC AF Verma, Seema Xiong, Yijia Mayer, M. Uljana Squier, Thomas C. TI Remodeling of the bacterial RNA polymerase supramolecular complex in response to environmental conditions SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS MR-1; MULTIUSE AFFINITY PROBE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; ALPHA-SUBUNIT; IN-VIVO; PROTEIN; GENE; SALMONELLA AB Directed binding of RNA polymerase to distinct promoter elements controls transcription and promotes adaptive responses to changing environmental conditions. To identify proteins that modulate transcription, we have expressed a tagged alpha-subunit of RNA polymerase in Shewanella oneidensis under controlled growth conditions, isolated the protein complex using newly developed multiuse affinity probes, and used LC-MS/MS to identify proteins in the complex. Complementary fluorescence correlation spectroscopy measurements were used to determine the average size of the RNA polymerase complex in cellular lysates. We find that RNA polymerase exists as a large supramolecular complex with an apparent mass in excess of 1.4 MDa, whose protein composition substantially changes in response to growth conditions. Enzymes that copurify with RNA polymerase include those associated with tRNA processing, nucleotide metabolism, and energy biosynthesis, which we propose to be necessary for optimal transcriptional rates. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Cell Biol & Biochem Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Squier, TC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cell Biol & Biochem Grp, 790 6th St,Mail Stop P7-53, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM thomas.squier@pnl.gov RI Xiong, Yijia/C-1341-2011 NR 54 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 11 BP 3023 EP 3035 DI 10.1021/bi0621157 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 145HB UT WOS:000244854800012 PM 17319694 ER PT J AU Marek, P Abedini, A Song, BB Kanungo, M Johnson, ME Gupta, R Zaman, W Wong, SS Raleigh, DP AF Marek, Peter Abedini, Andisheh Song, BenBen Kanungo, Mandakini Johnson, Megan E. Gupta, Ruchi Zaman, Warda Wong, Stanislaus S. Raleigh, Daniel P. TI Aromatic interactions are not required for amyloid fibril formation by islet amyloid polypeptide but do influence the rate of fibril formation and fibril morphology SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN AGGREGATION RATES; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; HUMAN AMYLIN; IN-VITRO; PEPTIDE; INSULIN; IAPP; SEQUENCE; CELLS; IDENTIFICATION AB Amyloid formation has been implicated in a wide range of human diseases, and a diverse set of proteins is involved. There is considerable interest in elucidating the interactions which lead to amyloid formation and which contribute to amyloid fibril stability. Recent attention has been focused upon the potential role of aromatic-aromatic and aromatic-hydrophobic interactions in amyloid formation by short to midsized polypeptides. Here we examine whether aromatic residues are necessary for amyloid formation by islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP). IAPP is responsible for the formation of islet amyloid in type II diabetes which is thought to play a role in the pathology of the disease. IAPP is 37 residues in length and contains three aromatic residues, Phe-15, Phe-23, and Tyr-37. Structural models of IAPP amyloid fibrils postulate that Tyr-37 is near one of the phenylalanine residues, and it is known that Tyr-37 interacts with one of the phenylalanines during fibrillization; however, it is not known if aromatic-aromatic or aromatic-hydrophobic interactions are absolutely required for amyloid formation. An F15L/F23L/Y37L triple mutant (IAPP-3XL) was prepared, and its ability to form amyloid was tested. CD, thioflavin binding assays, AFM, and TEM measurements all show that the triple leucine mutant readily forms amyloid fibrils. The substitutions do, however, decrease the rate of fibril formation and alter the tendency of fibrils to aggregate. Thus, while aromatic residues are not an absolute requirement for amyloid formation by IAPP, they do play a role in the fibril assembly process. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Grad Program Biophys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Grad Program Biochem & Struct Biol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Raleigh, DP (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM draleigh@notes.cc.sunysb.edu OI Abedini, Andisheh/0000-0002-1396-1420 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM70941] NR 39 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 11 BP 3255 EP 3261 DI 10.1021/bi0621967 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 145HB UT WOS:000244854800034 PM 17311418 ER PT J AU Brewer, SH Song, BB Raleigh, DP Dyer, RB AF Brewer, Scott H. Song, Benben Raleigh, Daniel P. Dyer, R. Brian TI Residue specific resolution of protein folding dynamics using isotope-edited infrared temperature jump spectroscopy SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID VILLIN HEADPIECE SUBDOMAIN; 3-HELIX BUNDLE PROTEIN; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; HELICAL PEPTIDES; UNFOLDED STATE; NMR STRUCTURE; ALPHA-HELIX; SIMULATION; DIFFUSION; MODEL AB A major difficulty in experimental studies of protein folding is the lack of nonperturbing, residue specific probes of folding. Here, we demonstrate the ability to resolve protein folding dynamics at the level of a single residue using (CO)-C-13-O-18 isotope-edited infrared spectroscopy. A single (CO)-C-13-O-18 isotopic label was incorporated into the backbone of the 36 residue, three-helix bundle villin headpiece subdomain (HP36). The label was placed in a solvent protected region of the second alpha-helix of the protein. The (CO)-C-13-O-18 isotopic label shifted the carbonyl stretching frequency to 1572.1 cm(-1) in the folded state, well removed from the (CO)-C-12-O-16 band of the unlabeled protein backbone. The unique IR signature of the (CO)-C-13-O-18 label was exploited to probe the equilibrium thermal unfolding transition using temperature-dependent FTIR spectroscopy. The folding/unfolding dynamics were monitored using temperature-jump (T-jump) IR spectroscopy. The equilibrium unfolding studies showed conformational changes suggestive of a loss of helical structure in helix 2 prior to the global unfolding of the protein. T-jump relaxation kinetics probing both the labeled site and the (CO)-C-12-O-16 band were found to be biphasic with similar relaxation rates. The slow relaxation phase (similar to 2 x 10(5) s(-1)) corresponds to the global folding transition. The location of the label, a buried position in helix 2, provides an important probe of the origin of the fast relaxation phase (similar to 10(7) s(-1)). This phase has significant amplitude for the labeled position even though it is well protected from solvent in the folded structure. The fast phase likely represents a rapid pre-equilibrium that involves solvent penetration around the label and possible partial unfolding of helix 2 prior to the global unfolding transition. This work represents the first experimental study of ultrafast folding dynamics with residue specific resolution. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Grp PCS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Raleigh, DP (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM draleigh@notes.cc.sunysb.edu; bdyer@lanl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 53640] NR 38 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 11 BP 3279 EP 3285 DI 10.1021/bi602372y PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 145HB UT WOS:000244854800037 PM 17305369 ER PT J AU Meng, QX Redetzke, DL Hackfeld, LC Hodge, RP Walker, DM Walker, VE AF Meng, Quanxin Redetzke, Diana L. Hackfeld, Linda C. Hodge, Richard P. Walker, Dale M. Walker, Vernon E. TI Mutagenicity of stereochernical configurations of 1,2-epoxybutene and 1,2 : 3,4-diepoxybutane in human lymphblastoid cells SO CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Evaluation of Butadiene and Chloroprene Health Risks CY SEP 20-22, 2005 CL Charleston, SC DE 1,3-butadiene; epoxy metabolites; stereoisomer; mutagenicity ID HUMAN LYMPHOBLASTOID-CELLS; ISOLATED RAT HEPATOCYTES; INHALATION EXPOSURE; DNA INCORPORATION; HPRT MUTATIONS; B6C3F1 MICE; STEREOCHEMICAL ASPECTS; EPOXIDE METABOLITES; HEMOGLOBIN ADDUCTS; LIVER-MICROSOMES AB The carcinogenicity of 1,3-butadiene (BD) is related to its bioactivation to several DNA-reactive metabolites; accumulating evidence suggests that the stereochemistry of these BD intermediates may play a significant role in the mutagenic and carcinogenic actions of the parent compound. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of stereochemical forms of 1,2-epoxybutene (EB) and 1,2:3,4-diepoxybutane (DEB), two genotoxic BD metabolites, in a human lymphoblastoid cell line, TK6. Cytotoxicity was measured by comparing cloning efficiencies in chemical-exposed cells versus those in control cells. The hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) and thymidine kinase (TK) mutant frequencies (MFs) were measured using a cell cloning assay. HPRT mutants collected from cells exposed to the three forms of DEB were analyzed by PCR to characterize large genetic alterations. All the three stereoisomers of DEB caused increased HPRT and TK MFs compared to the concurrent control samples. There were no significant differences in cytotoxicity or mutagenicity among the three isomers of DEB in TK6 cells. Molecular analysis of HPRT mutants revealed similar distributions of types of mutations among the three isomers of DEB. There were also no statistically significant differences in mutagenic efficiencies between the two isomers of EB in TK6 cells. These results were consistent with the in vivo findings that there was little difference in the mutagenic efficiencies of racemic-DEB versus meso-DEB in rodents. Thus, in terms of mutagenic efficiency, stereochemical configurations of EB and DEB are not likely to play a significant role in the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of BD. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Battelle Toxicol NW, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. RP Meng, QX (reprint author), Battelle Toxicol NW, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mengq@battelle.org FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30-ES006676] NR 36 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0009-2797 J9 CHEM-BIOL INTERACT JI Chem.-Biol. Interact. PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 166 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 207 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.cbi.2006.06.001 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 162OG UT WOS:000246096600024 PM 16854403 ER PT J AU Fritz, SE Mohapatra, S Holmes, BT Anderson, AM Prendergast, CF Frisbie, CD Ward, MD Toney, MF AF Fritz, Sandra E. Mohapatra, Siddharth Holmes, Brian T. Anderson, Amelia M. Prendergast, Cathal F. Frisbie, C. Daniel Ward, Michael D. Toney, Michael F. TI Thin film transistors based on alkylphenyl quaterthiophenes: Structure and electrical transport properties SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; THIOPHENE/PHENYLENE CO-OLIGOMERS; SUBSTRATE-DEPENDENT ORIENTATION; VERTICAL MOLECULAR ALIGNMENT; BUILDING-BLOCKS; ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTORS; POLYMERIC ELECTRONICS; OLIGOTHIOPHENE FILMS; THIOPHENE-PHENYLENE AB Thin films based on the akylphenyl-substituted quaterthiophenes 5,5'''-bis(4-methylphenyl)- 2,2': 5', 2": 5', 2'''-quaterthiophene ( 1), 5,5'''-bis(4-n-propylphenyl)-2,2': 5', 2": 5", 2"'-quaterthiophene ( 2), and 5,5'"-bis( 4-hexylphenyl)- 2,2': 5', 2": 5", 2'"-quaterthiophene (3) were grown by vacuum deposition on thermally grown SiO2 substrates and characterized in a thin film transistor (TFT) configuration. Atomic force microscopy and specular (theta-2 theta) X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed films with small, crystalline grains, in which the oligothiophenes were oriented " end-on" with respect to the SiO2 substrate. Interplanar spacing increased (1 = 28.0 angstrom, 2 = 29.5 angstrom, 3 = 37.7 angstrom), consistent with increasing alkyl tail length. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) of the films (ca. 350 angstrom thick) revealed nearly equivalent in-plane unit-cell areas ( 1 = 44.1 angstrom(2), 2 = 44.4 angstrom(2), 3 = 43.8 angstrom(2)). The films functioned as p-channel semiconductors in a TFT configuration, exhibiting nearly equivalent hole mobilities (mu approximate to 0.05 +/- 0.01, 0.04 +/- 0.01, 0.06 +/- 0.01 cm(2)/Vs for 1, 2, and 3, respectively). Variable-temperature measurements demonstrated that the activation energy of the mobility for thin films of 3 was similar to 55 meV. The increasing alkyl chain length does not appear to improve molecular ordering; however, the addition of a phenyl end-substituent appears to greatly improve the on-to-off ratio in TFTs. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Frisbie, CD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM frisbie@cems.umn.edu; wardx004@umn.edu RI Frisbie, C Daniel/F-3995-2011 NR 64 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1355 EP 1361 DI 10.1021/cm062831v PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 145HC UT WOS:000244854900023 ER PT J AU Li, J Singh, UG Bennett, JW Page, K Weaver, JC Zhang, JP Proffen, T Rappe, AM Scott, S Seshadri, R AF Li, Jun Singh, Udayshankar G. Bennett, Joseph W. Page, Katharine Weaver, James C. Zhang, Jin-Ping Proffen, Thomas Rappe, Andrew M. Scott, Susannah Seshadri, Ram TI BaCe1-xPdxO3-delta (0 <= x <= 0.1): Redox Controlled Ingress and Egress of Palladium in a Perovskite SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SELF-REGENERATION; IONIC-RADII; NANOWIRES; CATALYST; XPS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; PARAMETER; PD AB We demonstrate using a combination of X-ray and neutron diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy that Pd2+ ions can be substituted for Ce in perovskite BaCeO3 and that, under oxidizing conditions, BaCe1-xPdxO3-delta (0 <= x <= 0.1) compositions can be prepared. Neutron diffraction has helped verify that delta approximate to x, implying that Ce4+ ions are substituted by Pd2+ and that a vacancy is concurrently created on the oxygen sublattice. The structure of the host compound and models for Pd substitution have also been studied using density functional theory, which has provided a detailed local description of the structure. The Pd2+-containing perovskite phases extrude elemental face-centered cubic palladium when heated in a reducing atmosphere. This elemental palladium is re-absorbed as ions into the perovskite lattice upon heating in flowing oxygen. Evidence for such cyclable ingress and egress of palladium under redox conditions is presented. A curious morphological change that results from the redox cycling of BaCe1-xPdxO3-delta is the formation of perovskite nanowires, which we believe to arise from regrowth of the perovskite around particles of elemental palladium. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Makineni Theoret Labs, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rappe, AM (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Makineni Theoret Labs, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM rappe@sas.upenn.edu; sscott@engineering.ucsb.edu; seshadri@mrl.ucsb.edu RI Page, Katharine/C-9726-2009; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Seshadri, Ram/C-4205-2013; Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009 OI Page, Katharine/0000-0002-9071-3383; Seshadri, Ram/0000-0001-5858-4027; Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031 NR 29 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1418 EP 1426 DI 10.1021/cm062500i PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 145HC UT WOS:000244854900032 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Sanchez, BA Boyle, TJ Baros, CM Brewer, LN Headley, TJ Tallant, DR Rodriguez, MA Tuttle, BA AF Hernandez-Sanchez, Bernadette A. Boyle, Timothy J. Baros, Christina M. Brewer, Luke N. Headley, Thomas J. Tallant, Dave R. Rodriguez, Mark A. Tuttle, Bruce A. TI Alkaline earth titanate (A(E)TiO(3)) perovskite nanoparticles synthesized from structurally characterized single-source alkoxides SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; STRONTIUM-TITANATE; BARIUM-TITANIUM; CALCIUM; PRECURSORS; BATIO3; ARYLOXIDES; ROUTE AB A series of alkaline earth modified titanium neo-pentoxide (OCH2CMe3, ONep) derivatives were synthesized through the alcoholysis reaction of [Ti(mu-ONep)(ONep)(3)](2) and the respective alkaline earth alkoxide (A(E)(OR)(2)), where A(E)(OR)(2) = "Ca(ONep)(2)" ( 1), Sr-5(mu(4)-O)(mu(3)-ONep)(4)(mu-ONep)(4)(HONep)(py)(4) ( 2), or [Ba-2(mu(3)-ONep)(mu-ONep)(2)(ONep)(HONep)(3)(py)](2) ( 3), in pyridine ( py) in a 1: 1 cation stoichiometry. For each AE cation, the following mixed-cation species were identified by single-crystal X-ray diffraction as (py)(2)A(E)[Ti(mu-ONep)(2)(ONep)(3)](2), where A(E) = Ca (1a), Sr (2a), and Ba (3a). For each species, two square bipyramidal titanium moieties bridge to the single octahedrally bound A(E) metal center through four mu-ONep ligands. Two terminal py ligands on the A(E) and three terminal ONep ligands on Ti complete their coordination. Compounds 1a-3a were used to synthesize nanoparticles of A(E)TiO(3) using solution precipitation (methyl-imidazole: water) and solvothermal ( benzyl alcohol) routes. For comparison, we processed stoichiometeric mixtures of the individual precursors under identical conditions as noted for 1-3. The nanoparticles (5-50 nm) synthesized varied in phase from carbonates to perovskites depending on the cation and the synthetic conditions used. On the basis of the comparison of routes, stoichiometric mixtures were better in generating single-phase A(E)TiO(3) from the MeIm/H2O route after calcination, whereas, through solovothermal synthesis routes, single-source and stoichiometric mixtures both gave favorable crystalline results for Sr and Ba. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Boyle, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, 1001 Univ Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM tjboyle@sandia.gov NR 49 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1459 EP 1471 DI 10.1021/cm061798+ PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 145HC UT WOS:000244854900037 ER PT J AU Michel, FM Ehm, L Liu, G Han, WQ Antao, SM Chupas, PJ Lee, PL Knorr, K Eulert, H Kim, J Grey, CP Celestian, AJ Gillow, J Schoonen, MAA Strongin, DR Parise, JB AF Michel, F. M. Ehm, L. Liu, G. Han, W. Q. Antao, S. M. Chupas, P. J. Lee, P. L. Knorr, K. Eulert, H. Kim, J. Grey, C. P. Celestian, A. J. Gillow, J. Schoonen, M. A. A. Strongin, D. R. Parise, J. B. TI Similarities in 2-and 6-line ferrihydrite based on pair distribution function analysis of X-ray total scattering SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID POWDER NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; ELECTRON NANODIFFRACTION; SYNTHETIC FERRIHYDRITE; 2-LINE FERRIHYDRITE; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; STRUCTURAL MODEL; FERRIC OXIDES; IRON-OXIDES; NANOPARTICLES; SPECTROSCOPY AB Iron(III) hydroxides are abundant in near-surface natural environments and play an important role in geochemical processes and the fate of contaminants. The issue of the structure of the common nanophase material ferrihydrite (ferric hydroxide) is controversial and has been debated in the literature for many years without definitive resolution. At least two types of ferrihydrite, the 2-line and 6-line forms, are conventionally recognized. It has been suggested that these forms possess different structures built up by different mixtures of distinct nanophase components. However, traditional crystallographic methods provide depictions of structure that are most sensitive either to short-range order (X-ray absorption) or long-range periodicity (X-ray diffraction or electron diffraction). We used high-energy X-ray total scattering for pair distribution function analysis to observe both the short- and intermediate-range ordering (exceeding similar to 15 angstrom) of synthetic ferrihydrite with three distinct average domain sizes of 2, 3, and 6 nm. We show that there are no significant differences in the underlying structures of these materials and that the differences in the diffraction patterns can be entirely interpreted by variations in the average size of the coherent scattering domains. The average crystallite sizes inferred from the PDF analysis are in good agreement with direct observation by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Ctr Environm Mol Sci, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Temple Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Kiel, Inst Geowissensch, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Michel, FM (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Ctr Environm Mol Sci, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM fmichel@ic.sunysb.edu RI Han, WQ/E-2818-2013; Schoonen, martin/E-7703-2011 OI Schoonen, martin/0000-0002-7133-1160 NR 46 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1489 EP 1496 DI 10.1021/cm062585n PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 145HC UT WOS:000244854900040 ER PT J AU Gosling, JT Eriksson, S Phan, TD Larson, DE Skoug, RM McComas, DJ AF Gosling, J. T. Eriksson, S. Phan, T. D. Larson, D. E. Skoug, R. M. McComas, D. J. TI Direct evidence for prolonged magnetic reconnection at a continuous x-line within the heliospheric current sheet SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-WIND AB Observations by 5 spacecraft of an exceptionally broad (1.85 x 10(6) km) Petschek-type reconnection exhaust within the heliospheric current sheet, HCS, in the solar wind at 1 AU on 31 August and 1 September 2001 provide convincing direct evidence for prolonged ( at least 5 hours) magnetic reconnection at a continuous X-line in the solar wind. At least 1.2 x 10(24) ergs of magnetic energy were extracted from the HCS in this event and converted to kinetic and thermal energy of the exhaust plasma. The reconnection produced field lines disconnected from the Sun and may have originated inside the point where the solar wind became super-Alfvenic, thereby slightly reducing the amount of open magnetic flux present in the heliosphere. C1 Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gosling, JT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, 1234 Innovat Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jack.gosling@lasp.colorado.edu OI Eriksson, Stefan/0000-0002-5619-1577 NR 10 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 6 AR L06102 DI 10.1029/2006GL029033 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 149ZK UT WOS:000245185200004 ER PT J AU Densmore, JD Urbatsch, TJ Evans, TM Buksas, MW AF Densmore, Jeffery D. Urbatsch, Todd J. Evans, Thomas M. Buksas, Michael W. TI A hybrid transport-diffusion method for Monte Carlo radiative-transfer simulations SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radiative transfer; Monte Carlo; hybrid transport-diffusion ID TRANSFER EQUATIONS; TIME AB Discrete Diffusion Monte Carlo (DDMC) is a technique for increasing the efficiency of Monte Carlo particle-transport simulations in diffusive media. If standard Monte Carlo is used in such media, particle histories will consist of many small steps, resulting in a computationally expensive calculation. In DDMC, particles take discrete steps between spatial cells according to a discretized diffusion equation. Each discrete step replaces many small Monte Carlo steps, thus increasing the efficiency of the simulation. In addition, given that DDMC is based on a diffusion equation, it should produce accurate solutions if used judiciously. In practice, DDMC is combined with standard Monte Carlo to form a hybrid transport-diffusion method that can accurately simulate problems with both diffusive and non-diffusive regions. In this paper, we extend previously developed DDMC techniques in several ways that improve the accuracy and utility of DDMC for nonlinear, time-dependent, radiative-transfer calculations. The use of DDMC in these types of problems is advantageous since, due to the underlying linearizations, optically thick regions appear to be diffusive. First, we employ a diffusion equation that is discretized in space but is continuous in time. Not only is this methodology theoretically more accurate than temporally discretized DDMC techniques, but it also has the benefit that a particle's time is always known. Thus, there is no ambiguity regarding what time to assign a particle that leaves an optically thick region (where DDMC is used) and begins transporting by standard Monte Carlo in an optically thin region. Also, we treat the interface between optically thick and optically thin regions with an improved method, based on the asymptotic diffusion-limit boundary condition, that can produce accurate results regardless of the angular distribution of the incident Monte Carlo particles. Finally, we develop a technique for estimating radiation momentum deposition during the DDMC simulation, a quantity that is required to calculate correct fluid motion in coupled radiation-hydrodynamics problems. With a set of numerical examples, we demonstrate that our improved DDMC method is accurate and can provide efficiency gains of several orders of magnitude over standard Monte Carlo. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Transport Methods Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Densmore, JD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Transport Methods Grp, POB 1663,MS D409, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jdd@lanl.gov; tmonster@lanl.gov; tme@lanl.gov; mwbuksas@lanl.gov NR 26 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 222 IS 2 BP 485 EP 503 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2006.07.031 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 155SN UT WOS:000245598500003 ER PT J AU Tartakovsky, AM Meakin, P Scheibe, TD West, RME AF Tartakovsky, Alexandre M. Meakin, Paul Scheibe, Timothy D. West, Rogene M. Eichler TI Simulations of reactive transport and precipitation with smoothed particle hydrodynamics SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE smoothed particle hydrodynamics; miscible flow; reactive transport; mineral precipitation; fractures ID DIFFUSION-LIMITED AGGREGATION; POROUS-MEDIA; MODEL; FLOW; DISPERSION; FRACTURES; GROWTH; STABILITY; SPH AB A numerical model based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) was developed for reactive transport and mineral precipitation in fractured and porous materials. Because of its Lagrangian particle nature, SPH has several advantages for modeling Navier-Stokes flow and reactive transport including: (1) in a Lagrangian framework there is no non-linear term in the momentum conservation equation, so that accurate solutions can be obtained for momentum dominated flows and; (2) complicated physical and chemical processes such as surface growth due to precipitation/dissolution and chemical reactions are easy to implement. In addition, SPH simulations explicitly conserve mass and linear momentum. The SPH solution of the diffusion equation with fixed and moving reactive solid-fluid boundaries was compared with analytical solutions, Lattice Boltzmann [Q. Kang, D. Zhang, P. Lichtner, 1. Tsimpanogiannis Lattice Boltzmann model for crystal growth from supersaturated solution, Geophysical Research Letters, 31 (2004) L21604] simulations and diffusion limited aggregation (DLA) [P. Meakin, Fractals, scaling and far from equilibrium. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1998] model simulations. To illustrate the capabilities of the model, coupled three-dimensional flow, reactive transport and precipitation in a fracture aperture with a complex geometry were simulated. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Tartakovsky, AM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM alexandre.tartakovsky@pnl.gov RI Scheibe, Timothy/A-8788-2008 OI Scheibe, Timothy/0000-0002-8864-5772 NR 33 TC 110 Z9 114 U1 5 U2 41 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 222 IS 2 BP 654 EP 672 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2006.08.013 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 155SN UT WOS:000245598500011 ER PT J AU Gwo, JP Mayes, MA Jardine, PM AF Gwo, Jin-Ping Mayes, Melanie A. Jardine, Philip M. TI Quantifying the physical and chemical mass transfer processes for the fate and transport of Co(II)EDTA in a partially-weathered limestone-shale saprolite SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE mass transfer; reactive transport; saprolite; CoEDTA; interfacial reaction ID STRUCTURED POROUS-MEDIA; CO(II/III)EDTA REACTIVE TRANSPORT; FRACTURED CRYSTALLINE ROCK; 2 CONTRASTING WATERSHEDS; METAL-EDTA COMPLEXES; WASTE-DISPOSAL SITE; RADIONUCLIDE MIGRATION; CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT; UNDISTURBED COLUMNS; FLOW INTERRUPTION AB The objective of the research is to quantify the relative contributions of physical and chemical mass transfer to the movement of Co(II/III)EDTA (chelates; of Cobalt and Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid or EDTA) through a limestone-shale saprolite soil. Saprolite is a collective term referring to partially-weathered bedrock. It exists extensively in the subsurface. Because the parent bedding structures are maintained during the weathering process, saprolite soils are characterized by intensive fractures and secondary deposits of minerals such as Al-, Fe- and Mn-oxides on the fracture surfaces. Movement of reactive species through the soils may be influenced by diffusion into the rock matrix, a physical mass transfer (PMT) process, and interfacial chemical reactions, a chemical mass transfer (CMT) process. The PMT and CMT processes are phenomenologically similar but mechanistically different. In this research, previous laboratory observations from a Br and Co(II)EDTA tracer injection into an undisturbed saprolite soil column were used. Mechanistic reactive transport models were formulated to quantify the PMT and CMT processes. The PMT process was independently characterized by using the non-reactive tracer Br. Model parameters thus obtained were subsequently used as constraints to quantify the CMT processes involving Co(II)EDTA and its oxidation product Co(III)EDTA. Our calculations indicated that the PMT rates of the less reactive Co(III)EDTA were comparable with their theoretical CMT rates. In contrast, for the more reactive species Co(II)EDTA, CMT rates are higher than PMT rates. Evaluations of alternative CMT process models further confirmed one of our hypotheses on the basis of previous experimental understandings. The hypothesis suggested that competition from Fe-oxide for Co(II)EDTA may account for the majority of the decrease of Co(III)EDTA effluent concentrations that resulted in the separation of total Co and Co(III)EDTA breakthrough curves. Because Co(III)EDTA is more mobile than Co(II)EDTA in the subsurface, the results of this research suggest independent quantifications of CoEDTA PMT and CMT processes if laboratory results are to be interpreted correctly and scaled up for field and predictive uses. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Maryland, MD 21250 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gwo, JP (reprint author), US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Washington, DC 20555 USA. EM jgwo@umbc.edu NR 62 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 3-4 BP 184 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.09.013 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 141MQ UT WOS:000244583300004 PM 17137677 ER PT J AU Johnson, CS AF Johnson, Christopher S. TI Development and utility of manganese oxides as cathodes in lithium batteries SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the International-Battery-Association/Hawaii Battery Conference (IBA-HBC 2006) CY JAN 09-12, 2006 CL Hilo, HI SP TIMCAL DE lithium battery; composite electrode; alpha-MnO2; manganese oxide; Li2MnO3 ID STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; ELECTRODES; DIOXIDE; LI2MNO3; MN; MECHANISM; SYSTEM AB Manganese oxides have a long history of serving as a cathode in charge storage applications. Electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) is widely used in alkaline batteries and MnO2 originally was part of the Leclanche wet cell patented in 1866. Leclanche wet cells used a naturally occurring MnO2 ore with Zn metal as anode and ammonium chloride electrolyte. While there are a vast number of topics to discuss on manganese oxides, in this short paper, two topics researched at Argonne over the last 12 years are highlighted. First, the addition of lithia (Li2O) as a stabilizing component in 3 V alpha-MnO2 is examined. Second, an overview of the evolution of layered-layered composite-structured electrodes derived from the lithium-manganese oxide (Li2MnO3) layered rock-salt phase is presented. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Engn Divelectrochem Technol Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Johnson, CS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Engn Divelectrochem Technol Program, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM johnsoncs@cmt.anl.gov NR 39 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 5 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 2 BP 559 EP 565 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.10.040 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 152NQ UT WOS:000245369100009 ER PT J AU Park, YJ Doeff, MM AF Park, Yong Joon Doeff, Marca M. TI Effect of structure on the storage characteristics of manganese oxide electrode materials SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the International-Battery-Association/Hawaii Battery Conference (IBA-HBC 2006) CY JAN 09-12, 2006 CL Hilo, HI SP TIMCAL DE manganese oxides; cathode materials; storage at 55 degrees C; manganese dissolution ID RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE STORAGE; INTERGROWTH ELECTRODES; CATHODE MATERIAL; ION BATTERIES; SUBSTITUTION; SPINEL; PERFORMANCE; STABILITY; LIBOB AB Eleven types of manganese-containing electrode materials were subjected to long-term storage at 55 degrees C in 1 M LiPF6 ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate (EC/DMC) solutions. The amount of manganese dissolution observed depended upon the sample surface area, the average Mn oxidation state, the structure, and substitution levels of the manganese oxide. In some cases, structural changes such as solvate formation were exacerbated by the high temperature storage, and contributed to capacity fading upon cycling even in the absence of significant Mn dissolution. The most stable materials appear to be Ti-substituted tunnel structures and mixed metal layered oxides with Mn in the +4 oxidation state. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Kyonggi Univ, Div Adv Ind Engn, Suwon 443760, Gyeonggi, South Korea. RP Doeff, MM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mmdoeff@lbl.gov RI Doeff, Marca/G-6722-2013 OI Doeff, Marca/0000-0002-2148-8047 NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 2 BP 573 EP 580 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.10.029 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 152NQ UT WOS:000245369100011 ER PT J AU Nagasubramanian, G Sanchez, B AF Nagasubramanian, Ganesan Sanchez, Bryan TI A new chemical approach to improving discharge capacity of Li/(CFx)(n) cells SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the International-Battery-Association/Hawaii Battery Conference (IBA-HBC 2006) CY JAN 09-12, 2006 CL Hilo, HI SP TIMCAL DE carbon monofluoride; impedance; discharge capacity; anion-binding-agent ID BATTERY AB Although (CFx)(n) has the highest theoretical specific energy of all lithium primary batteries known, the practical specific energy (including packaging) is very small on the order of similar to 10% for small capacity cells (< 5 Ah) and between 20 and 30% for large capacity cells (> 100 Ah). Even these can be achieved only at a very low discharge rate < C/250 (250 h rate). If either the discharge rate is increased or the discharge temperature is reduced below 0 degrees C the % delivered energy goes down even further. At Sandia National Laboratories we are performing research to improving % delivered energy by: (1) incorporating engineering solution and (2) adopting a new chemical approach. The engineering solution effort will not be discussed here except to mention that light weight metal such as titanium (Ti) will be considered for hardware instead of stainless steel. The chemical approach involves adding an anion-binding-agent (ABA) to the electrolyte solution to dissolve the LiF generated in the discharge reaction. We studied three boron containing neutral ABAs and the most promising ABA {Tris(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl)borate} will be discussed further. The delivered capacity/energy (per unit weight of the cathode) is higher for SNL-built coin cells containing the ABA additive than for the commercial coin cells by 80%. These cells were tested at a C/44 rate. This improvement especially at a high discharge rate is attributed to the ability of the ABA to dissolve the LiF from plugging the cathode pores and thus keep the bulk of the cathode accessible for further discharge reaction. We have also tested commercial cells and commercial electrodes in coin cells. In general, at high rate discharge, the performance of SNL cells containing our electrolyte and electrode were better than the rest. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Power sources Technol Dept 2521, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nagasubramanian, G (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Power sources Technol Dept 2521, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gnagasu@sandia.gov NR 5 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 2 BP 630 EP 634 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.10.037 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 152NQ UT WOS:000245369100019 ER PT J AU Nakahara, K Iriyama, J Iwasa, S Suguro, M Satoh, M Cairns, EJ AF Nakahara, Kentaro Iriyama, Jiro Iwasa, Shigeyuki Suguro, Masahiro Satoh, Masaharu Cairns, Elton J. TI High-rate capable organic radical cathodes for lithium rechargeable batteries SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE organic radical battery; lithium rechargeable battery; stable radical; PTMA ID ACTIVE MATERIAL; POLYACETYLENE; (CH)X AB Poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy-4-yl methacrylate) (PTMA) is the most common active material with a stable radical molecular structure used for lithium rechargeable cells. Because it is an organic active material, PTMA can be dissolved easily in various solvents. Using a solution of active material in the electrode making process, we formed an extremely large surface area between the active material and the conducting additive. The electrode has excellent power capability and can be charged and discharged in 1 min. We believe that this cell can be used like an electric double layer capacitor. We also believe that the cell, whose cycle life is good, retaining 89% of original capacity after 1000 cycles, can be put into practical use. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NEC Corp Ltd, Fundamental & Environm Res Labs, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Nakahara, K (reprint author), NEC Corp Ltd, Fundamental & Environm Res Labs, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. EM k-nakahara@ak.jp.nec.com RI Cairns, Elton/E-8873-2012 OI Cairns, Elton/0000-0002-1179-7591 NR 7 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 5 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 2 BP 870 EP 873 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.11.045 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 152NQ UT WOS:000245369100049 ER PT J AU Orlov, M Tokarev, I Scholl, A Doran, A Minko, S AF Orlov, Maxim Tokarev, Ihor Scholl, Andreas Doran, Andrew Minko, Sergiy TI pH-Responsive thin film membranes from poly(2-vinylpyridine): Water vapor-induced formation of a microporous structure SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ION GATING MEMBRANE; POLYMER MEMBRANES; POROUS MEMBRANES; MICROFILTRATION MEMBRANES; SENSITIVE MEMBRANES; SELF-ORGANIZATION; ARRANGED PORES; PERMEABILITY; COPOLYMERS; MORPHOLOGY AB We report the fabrication of microporous thin film membranes with two-dimensionally arranged submicron pores whose size can be varied by changing pH of aqueous medium. A solution containing poly(2-vinylpyridine) partially quaternized with 1,4-diiodobutane (qP2VP) and unreacted 1,4-diodobutane (DIB) was used for the formation and deposition of the membranes on solid substrates. The membranes were spin-coated onto solid substrates in a controlled humid environment. The presence of water vapor in air was found to be a necessary condition for the pore formation. We studied the influence of relative humidity on the membrane morphology and proposed a mechanism of pore formation. Cross-linking the qP2VP membranes with DIB made them insoluble (stable) in organic solvents and acidic water. The cross-linked membranes demonstrated pH-dependent swelling, which had a strong influence on the pore size. C1 Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Minko, S (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. EM sminko@clarkson.edu RI Minko, Sergiy/A-9458-2009; Tokarev, Igor/B-2876-2009; Scholl, Andreas/K-4876-2012 OI Minko, Sergiy/0000-0002-7747-9668; NR 39 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 6 BP 2086 EP 2091 DI 10.1021/ma062821f PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 145HI UT WOS:000244855500044 ER PT J AU Virgili, JM Tao, YF Kortright, JB Balsara, NP Segalman, RA AF Virgili, Justin M. Tao, Yuefei Kortright, Jeffrey B. Balsara, Nitash P. Segalman, Rachel A. TI Analysis of order formation in block copolymer thin films using resonant soft X-ray scattering SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; POLYMER-FILMS; MICROSCOPY; LITHOGRAPHY; FABRICATION; PATTERNS; PROBE AB The lateral order of poly(styrene-block-isoprene) copolymer (PS-b-PI) thin films is characterized by the emerging technique of resonant soft X-ray scattering (RSOXS) at the carbon pi* resonance and compared to ordering in bulk samples of the same materials measured using conventional small-angle X-ray scattering. We show resonance using theory and experiment that the loss of scattering intensity expected with a decrease in sample volume in the case of thin films can be overcome by tuning X-rays to the pi* resonance of PS or PI. Using RSOXS, we study the microphase ordering of cylinder- and sphere-forming PS-b-PI thin films and compare these results to position space data obtained by atomic force microscopy. Our ability to examine large sample areas (similar to 9000 mu m(2)) by RSOXS enables unambiguous identification of the lateral lattice structure in the thin films. In the case of the sphere-forming copolymer thin film, where the spheres are hexagonally arranged, the average sphere-to-sphere spacing is between the bulk (body-centered cubic) nearest neighbor and bulk unit cell spacings. In the case of the cylinder-forming copolymer thin film, the cylinder-to-cylinder spacing is within experimental error of that obtained in the bulk. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy & Environm Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kortright, JB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jbkortright@lbl.gov; nbalsara@berkeley.edu; segalman@berkeley.edu RI MSD, Nanomag/F-6438-2012; OI Segalman, Rachel/0000-0002-4292-5103 NR 39 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 6 BP 2092 EP 2099 DI 10.1021/ma0617341k PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 145HI UT WOS:000244855500045 ER PT J AU Haranczyk, M Gutowski, M Li, X Bowen, KH AF Haranczyk, Maciej Gutowski, Maciej Li, Xiang Bowen, Kit H. TI Bound anionic states of adenine SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE nucleic acid bases; photoelectron spectroscopy; tautomers; valence anion ID NUCLEIC-ACID BASES; DNA STRAND BREAKS; ION PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; INTERMOLECULAR PROTON-TRANSFER; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; LOW-ENERGY ELECTRONS; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS; EXCESS ELECTRON; RARE TAUTOMERS; ORGANIC-MOLECULES AB Anionic states of nucleic acid bases are involved in DNA damage by low-energy electrons and in charge transfer through DNA. Previous gas phase studies of free, unsolvated nucleic acid base parent anions probed only dipole-bound states, which are not present in condensed phase environments, but did not observe valence anionic states, which for purine bases are thought to be adiabatically unbound. Contrary to this expectation, we have demonstrated that some thus far ignored tautomers of adenine, which result from enamine-imine transformations, support valence anionic states with electron vertical detachment energies as large as 2.2 eV, and at least one of these anionic tautomers is adiabatically bound. Moreover, we predict that the new anionic tautomers should also dominate in solutions and should be characterized by larger values of electron vertical detachment energy than the canonical valence anion. All of the newfound anionic tautomers might be formed in the course of dissociative electron attachment followed by a hydrogen atom attachment to a carbon atom, and they might affect the structure and properties of DNA and RNA exposed to low-energy electrons. The new valence states observed here, unlike the dipole-bound state, could exist in condensed phases and might be relevant to radiobiological damage. The discovery of these valence anionic states of adenine was facilitated by the development of (i) an experimental method for preparing parent anions of nucleic acid bases for photoelectron experiments, and (it) a combinatorial/quantum chemical approach for identification of the most stable tautomers of organic molecules. C1 Univ Gdansk, Dept Chem, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Gutowski, M (reprint author), Univ Gdansk, Dept Chem, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. EM m.gutowski@hw.ac.uk; kbowen@jhu.edu RI Li, Xiang/G-3886-2011; Li, Xiang/F-4539-2012; Haranczyk, Maciej/A-6380-2014 OI Haranczyk, Maciej/0000-0001-7146-9568 NR 39 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 16 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 12 BP 4804 EP 4807 DI 10.1073/pnas.0509982104 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 150YY UT WOS:000245256700009 PM 17360375 ER PT J AU Leschziner, AE Saha, A Wittmeyer, J Zhang, YL Bustamante, C Cairns, BR Nogales, E AF Leschziner, Andres E. Saha, Anjanabha Wittmeyer, Jacqueline Zhang, Yongli Bustamante, Carlos Cairns, Bradley R. Nogales, Eva TI Conformational flexibility in the chromatin remodeler RSC observed by electron microscopy and the orthogonal tilt reconstruction method SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE chromatin remodeling; single particle electron microscopy ID DNA TRANSLOCATION; STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS; COMPLEX; SWI/SNF; NUCLEOSOME; VISUALIZATION; BROMODOMAINS; MECHANISM; PROTEINS; SYSTEM AB Chromatin remodeling complexes (remodelers) are large, multi-subunit macromolecular assemblies that use ATP hydrolysis to alter the structure and positioning of nucleosomes. The mechanisms proposed for remodeler action on nucleosomes are diverse, and require structural evaluation and insights. Previous reconstructions of remodelers using electron microscopy revealed interesting features, but also significant discrepancies, prompting new approaches. Here, we use the orthogonal tilt reconstruction method, which is well suited for heterogeneous samples, to provide a reconstruction of the yeast RSC (remodel the structure of chromatin) complex. Two interesting features are revealed: first, we observe a deep central cavity within RSC, displaying a remarkable surface complementarity for the nucleosome. Second, we are able to visualize two distinct RSC conformers, revealing a major conformational change in a large protein "arm," which may shift to further envelop the nucleosome. We present a model of the RSC-nucleosome complex that rationalizes the single molecule results obtained by using optical tweezers and also discuss the mechanistic implications of our structures. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Oncol Sci, Huntsman Canc Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Utah, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Leschziner, AE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aeleschziner@berkeley.edu; carlos@alice.berkeley.edu; brad.cairns@hci.utah.edu; enogales@lbl.gov NR 33 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 12 BP 4913 EP 4918 DI 10.1073/pnas.0700706104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 150YY UT WOS:000245256700029 PM 17360331 ER PT J AU Ciupe, SM Ribeiro, RM Nelson, PW Dusheiko, G Perelson, AS AF Ciupe, Stanca M. Ribeiro, Ruy M. Nelson, Patrick W. Dusheiko, Geoffrey Perelson, Alan S. TI The role of cells refractory to productive infection in acute hepatitis B viral dynamics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE immune response; mathematical modeling; viral kinetics ID CD8(+) T-CELLS; C VIRUS-INFECTION; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; CELLULAR-MODEL; PATHOGENESIS; HEPATOCYTES; CLEARANCE; KINETICS; CHIMPANZEES; REPLICATION AB During acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection viral loads reach high levels (approximate to 10(10) HBV DNA per ml), and nearly every hepatocyte becomes infected. Nonetheless, approximate to 85-95% of infected adults clear the infection. Although the immune response has been implicated in mediating clearance, the precise mechanisms remain to be elucidated. As infection clears, infected cells are replaced by uninfected ones. During much of this process the virus remains plentiful but nonetheless does not rekindle infection. Here, we analyze data from a set of individuals identified during acute HBV infection and develop mathematical models to test the role of immune responses in various stages of early HBV infection. Fitting the models to data we are able to separate the kinetics of the noncytolytic and the cytolytic immune responses, thus explaining the relative contribution of these two processes. We further show that we need to hypothesize that newly generated uninfected cells are refractory to productive infection. Without this assumption, viral resurgence is observed as uninfected cells are regenerated. Such protection, possibly mediated by cytokines, may also be important in resolving other acute viral infections. C1 Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87507 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Math, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. UCL Royal Free & Univ Coll, Sch Med, Ctr Hepatol, London NW3 2QG, England. RP Perelson, AS (reprint author), Santa Fe Inst, 1399 Hyde Pk Rd, Santa Fe, NM 87507 USA. EM asp@lanl.gov OI Ribeiro, Ruy/0000-0002-3988-8241 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR18754-02, P20 RR018754, R01 RR006555, RR06555] NR 50 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 12 BP 5050 EP 5055 DI 10.1073/pnas.0603626104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 150YY UT WOS:000245256700052 PM 17360406 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Kim, YS Constant, K Ho, KM AF Lee, Jae-Hwang Kim, Yong-Sung Constant, Kristen Ho, Kai-Ming TI Woodpile metallic photonic crystals fabricated by using soft lithography for tailored thermal emission SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID TUNGSTEN AB Woodpile metallic photonic crystals are fabricated by using soft lithography and electrodeposition (see figure) for tailored thermal emission. This method produces a highly layered full-metallic structure with excellent structural fidelity. By adding a homogeneous monolithic backplane to the conventional woodpile structure, the difficulty of alignment in layer-by-layer fabrication is alleviated, while preserving characteristic enhanced thermal emission. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lee, JH (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM leejh@iastate.edu RI Constant, Kristen/C-3673-2014 OI Constant, Kristen/0000-0001-7138-9365 NR 24 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD MAR 19 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 6 BP 791 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200602550 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 152SM UT WOS:000245382100003 ER PT J AU Bae, IT Weber, WJ Ishimaru, M Hirotsu, Y AF Bae, In-Tae Weber, William J. Ishimaru, Manabu Hirotsu, Yoshihiko TI Effect of ionization rates on dynamic recovery processes during electron-beam irradiation of 6H-SiC SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEFECT PRODUCTION; SILICON-CARBIDE; AMORPHIZATION; MECHANISMS AB The authors have investigated the effects of 200 and 300 keV electron-beam irradiations on amorphization in 6H-SiC at 100 and 295 K. Amorphization is induced by the accumulation of defects produced by direct atomic displacements. Dynamic recovery of these defects during irradiation, due to temperature increases and ionization effects, results in increases in the amorphization dose. By comparing with previous data for 2 MeV electrons and 1.5 MeV Xe ions, the results demonstrate that ionization-enhanced recovery in 6H-SiC dramatically increases above an ionization rate threshold. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, Ibaraki, Osaka 5670047, Japan. RP Bae, IT (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM intae.bae@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365 NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 19 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 12 AR 121910 DI 10.1063/1.2715135 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 149GS UT WOS:000245135800048 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, BJ Jesse, S Kalinin, SV Kim, J Ducharme, S Fridkin, VM AF Rodriguez, Brian J. Jesse, Stephen Kalinin, Sergei V. Kim, Jihee Ducharme, Stephen Fridkin, V. M. TI Nanoscale polarization manipulation and imaging of ferroelectric Langmuir-Blodgett polymer films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FORCE MICROSCOPY; MOLECULES; SENSOR AB Piezoresponse force microscopy has been used to manipulate and image polarization of ferroelectric polymer Langmuir-Blodgett films at the nanoscale, achieving polarization control with a resolution below 50 nm and imaging resolution below 5 nm. Individual regions showed square polarization-voltage hysteresis loops, demonstrating bistability of the polarization state. Arbitrary polarization patterns could be repeatedly written and erased with a resolution of 25 to 50 nm, limited by grain size, demonstrating the potential for high-density data storage and retrieval at densities exceeding 250 Gbits/in(2). (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanostruct, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Crystallog, Moscow 117333, Russia. RP Kalinin, SV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM rodriguezbj@ornl.gov; sergei2@ornl.gov; sducharme@unl.edu RI Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012; Rodriguez, Brian/A-6253-2009; Jesse, Stephen/D-3975-2016; Ducharme, Stephen/A-1909-2009 OI Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152; Rodriguez, Brian/0000-0001-9419-2717; Jesse, Stephen/0000-0002-1168-8483; Ducharme, Stephen/0000-0003-0936-7995 NR 24 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 19 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 12 AR 122904 DI 10.1063/1.2715102 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 149GS UT WOS:000245135800083 ER PT J AU Veal, BW Paulikas, AP Hou, PY AF Veal, B. W. Paulikas, A. P. Hou, P. Y. TI Creep in protective alpha-Al2O3 thermally grown on beta-NiAl SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TENSILE CREEP; ALUMINA; DEFORMATION; SEGREGATION; STRESS; AL2O3 AB The authors report systematic measurements of creep relaxation in alpha-Al2O3, thermally grown in air on (100) single crystals of stoichiometric beta-NiAl, at temperatures between 950 and 1100 degrees C. Creep was monitored using time dependent in situ measurements of strain relaxation in the oxide following imposition of a stress resulting from a sudden temperature change. The in-plane elastic strain was obtained using a sin(2) psi x-ray diffraction technique exploiting synchrotron radiation. The authors found that strain relaxation rates were comparable to those observed in fine grained alpha-Al2O3 ceramics when the latter results were extrapolated to the lower temperatures examined here. Creep rates at stress levels of 100 MPa, or less, are proportional to sigma(n), with n <= 2, consistent with a diffusional creep mechanism. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94530 USA. RP Veal, BW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM veal@anl.gov NR 17 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 19 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 12 AR 121914 DI 10.1063/1.2715105 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 149GS UT WOS:000245135800052 ER PT J AU Zhao, T Scholl, A Zavaliche, F Zheng, H Barry, M Doran, A Lee, K Cruz, MP Ramesh, R AF Zhao, T. Scholl, A. Zavaliche, F. Zheng, H. Barry, M. Doran, A. Lee, K. Cruz, M. P. Ramesh, R. TI Nanoscale x-ray magnetic circular dichroism probing of electric-field-induced magnetic switching in multiferroic nanostructures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The magnetic structure as well as its response to an external electric field were studied in ferrimagnetic CoFe2O4 nanopillars embedded in an epitaxial ferroelectric BiFeO3 film using photoemission electron microscopy and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. Magnetic switching was observed in both Co and Fe magnetic sublattices after application of an electric field. About 50% of the CoFe2O4 nanopillars were measured to switch their magnetization with the electric field, implying an elastic-mediated electric-field-induced magnetic anisotropy change. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Mat Condensada, Ensenada 22800, Baja California, Mexico. RP Zhao, T (reprint author), Seagate Res, 1251 Waterfront Pl, Pittsburgh, PA 15222 USA. EM tong.zhao@seagate.com; rramesh@berkeley.edu RI Scholl, Andreas/K-4876-2012; OI Holcomb, Mikel/0000-0003-2111-3410 NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 19 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 12 AR 123104 DI 10.1063/1.2714201 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 149GS UT WOS:000245135800088 ER PT J AU Nyman, M Larentzos, JP Maginn, EJ Welk, ME Ingersoll, D Park, H Parise, JB Bull, I Bonhomme, F AF Nyman, May Larentzos, James P. Maginn, Edward J. Welk, Margaret E. Ingersoll, David Park, Hyunsoo Parise, John B. Bull, Ivor Bonhomme, Francoiss TI Experimental and theoretical methods to investigate extraframework species in a layered material of dodecaniobate anions SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; MOLECULAR-SIEVES; FRAMEWORK; MEMBRANES; WATER; ADSORPTION; SEPARATION; CATALYSTS; ZEOLITES AB The highly charged dodecaniobate Keggin ions [XNb12O40](-16) (X = Si, Ge) and [XNb12O40](-15) (X = P) serve as building blocks of self-assembled, low-dimensional anionic framework materials. In addition to its high charge, the Keggin ion provides optimal binding geometries that render these materials as attractive metal sorbents and ion exchangers. We describe here the synthesis and single-crystal X-ray structure of K10-x[Nb2O2][HxGeNb12O40]center dot 11H(2)O (GeNb12-2d; x = similar to 1-1.5), a phase featuring 2D linkage of [GeNb12O40](-16) Keggin ions interlayered with charge-balancing K+ cations and water molecules. Thermogravimetry, infrared spectroscopy (IR), H-1 MAS NMR, and D2O exchange experiments as well as computational studies were used to describe the location and behavior of these interlayer, extraframework species. To model the basicity of the different types of framework oxygen sites appropriately, atomic-centered partial charges were derived from density functional theory (DFT) calculations to model the electrostatic potential. This model enabled the locations and bonding of K+ cations associated with the framework, as well as K+ cations bound predominantly to water in the interlayer space, to be accurately computed via Monte Carlo simulation. The poorest agreement between experimental and simulation results was observed for potassium sites that were associated with disordered portions of the framework, namely, the [Nb2O2](6+) bridge between Keggin ions. Finally, through grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) calculations, saturation water loadings consistent with experimental measurements were computed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Ctr Environm Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Nyman, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mdnyman@sandia.gov OI Bonhomme, Francois/0000-0002-8792-9239 NR 49 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAR 19 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2067 EP 2079 DI 10.1021/ic061454l PG 13 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 144LZ UT WOS:000244798800026 PM 17298051 ER PT J AU Li, B Corbett, JD AF Li, Bin Corbett, John D. TI AeMg(5)In(3) (Ae = Ba, Sr): New intermetallic compounds with well-differentiated roles for the normal cation types SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID QUASI-CRYSTALLINE APPROXIMANTS; ZINTL PHASE; THEORETICAL-ANALYSIS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; STUFFED VARIANT; INDIUM NETWORK; BERGMAN-TYPE; CLUSTERS; MG; STABILIZATION AB The isostructural phases BaMg4.787(3)In3.213 and SrMg4.837(2)In3.163 were synthesized via high-temperature reactions of the elements in welded Ta tubes. The orthorhombic crystal structure established for these by single-crystal X-ray diffraction means (space group Pnma, Z = 4) features a 3D Mg-In network formed from condensed 21-vertex polyhedra that are centered by Ba (Sr), viz., Ae@Mg5M7In9 (M = Mg/In). Three of eight independent network sites are co-occupied by > 90% Mg and < 10% In(M). The network structure is the inverse of that found in the isopointal Ca(CaIn4)Au-3, as clearly delineated by site charge estimates for the equivalent In-3 versus Au-3 positions. Tight-binding LMTO and extended HUckel calculations on the ordered AeMg(5)In(3) support the differentiation of Mg and Ae in the structure, with substantial participation of Mg in dominant Mg-In bonding, but mainly an electron donor role for Ae. The Fermi energies lie close to pseudo gaps but with substantial DOS remaining, consistent with their measured metallic properties. An unmixed ideal AeMg(5)In(3) would be isostructural with YCo5P3, with comparable polyhedra, but the small P in the latter lacks an effective interbridging role. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Corbett, JD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jcorbett@iastate.edu NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAR 19 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2237 EP 2242 DI 10.1021/ic0621289 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 144LZ UT WOS:000244798800045 PM 17309251 ER PT J AU Stephenson, NA Bell, AT AF Stephenson, Ned A. Bell, Alexis T. TI Mechanistic study of iron(III) [tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin triflate (F20TPP)Fe(OTf) catalyzed cyclooctene epoxidation by hydrogen peroxide SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CYTOCHROME-P-450 MODEL COMPOUNDS; OXYGEN ATOM TRANSFER; HALOGENATED IRON PORPHYRINS; ALKYL HYDROPEROXIDES; OLEFIN EPOXIDATION; INDUCED ACTIVATION; COMPLEXES; OXIDATION; ALKENES; HYDROCARBONS AB We have recently proposed a mechanism for the epoxidation of cyclooctene by H2O2 catalyzed by iron(III) [tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)]porphyrin chloride, (F20TPP)FeCl, in solvent containing methanol [Stephenson, N. A.; Bell, A.T. Inorg. Chem. 2006, 45, 2758-2766]. In that study, we found that catalysis did not occur unless (F20TPP)FeCl first dissociated, a process facilitated by the solvation of the Cl- anion by methanol and the coordination of methanol to the (F20TPP)Fe+ cation. Methanol as well as other alcohols was also found to facilitate the heterolytic cleavage of the O-O bond of H2O2 coordinated to the (F20TPP)Fe+ cation via a generalized acid mechanism. In the present study, we have shown that catalytic activity of the (F20TPP)Fe+ cation can be achieved in aprotic solvent by displacing the tightly bound chloride anion with a weakly bound triflate anion. By working in an aprotic solvent, acetonitrile, it was possible to determine the rate of heterolytic O-O bond cleavage in coordinated H2O2 unaffected by the interaction of the peroxide with methanol. A mechanism is proposed for this system and is shown to be valid over a range of reaction conditions. The mechanisms for cyclooctene epoxidation and H2O2 decomposition for the aprotic and protic solvent systems are similar with the only difference being the mechanism of proton-transfer prior to heterolytic cleavage of the oxygen-oxygen bond of coordinated hydrogen peroxide. Comparison of the rate parameters indicates that the utilization of hydrogen peroxide for cyclooctene epoxidation is higher in a protic solvent than in an aprotic solvent and results in a smaller extent of porphyrin degradation due to free radical attack. It was also shown that water can coordinate to the iron porphyrin cation in aprotic systems resulting in catalyst deactivation; this effect was not observed when methanol was present, since methanol was found to displace all of the coordinated water. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bell, AT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alexbell@berkeley.edu NR 72 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAR 19 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2278 EP 2285 DI 10.1021/ic060757c PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 144LZ UT WOS:000244798800050 PM 17311372 ER PT J AU Vasbinder, MJ Bakac, A AF Vasbinder, Michael J. Bakac, Andreja TI Kinetics of oxidation of nitroxyl radicals with superoxometal complexes of chromium and rhodium SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ACID-CATALYZED OXIDATION; ATOM-TRANSFER; CYCLIC NITROXIDES; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; METAL-COMPLEXES; IONS; POLYMERIZATION; DERIVATIVES; MECHANISM; STYRENE AB In acidic aqueous solutions, nitroxyl radicals (X)TEMPO (X = H, 4-OH, and 4-oxo) and 3-carbamoyl-PROXYL readily reduce CraqOO2+ and Rh(NH3)(4)(H2O)OO2+ to the corresponding hydroperoxo complexes. The kinetics are largely acid independent for CraqOO2+, but acid catalysis dominates the reactions of the rhodium complex. This emerging trend in oxidations with superoxometal complexes seems to be directly related to the thermodynamics of electron transfer. The weaker the oxidant, the more important the acid-assisted path. The rate constants for the oxidation of (X)TEMPO by CraqOO2+ are 406 M-1 s(-1) (X = H), 159 (4-OH), and (20. 6 + 77.5 [H+]) (4-oxo). For the rhodium complex, the values are (40 + 2.20 x 10(3) [H+]) (X = H), (25 + 1.10 x 10(3) [H+]) (4-HO), and 2.21 x 10(3) [H+] (4-oxo). An inverse solvent kinetic isotope effect, k(H)/k(D) = 0.8, was observed in the reaction between (O)TEMPO and (NH3)(4)(H(D))(2)O)RhOO2+ in 0.10 M H(D)ClO4 in H2O and D2O. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bakac, A (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM bakac@ameslab.gov NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAR 19 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2322 EP 2327 DI 10.1021/ic062010s PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 144LZ UT WOS:000244798800055 PM 17298054 ER PT J AU Nukala, PKVV Shelton, W AF Nukala, Phani Kumar V. V. Shelton, William, Jr. TI Semi-implicit reversible algorithms for rigid body rotational dynamics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE rigid body dynamics; semi-implicit algorithm; energy and momentum conservation; splitting method ID CONSTRAINED HAMILTONIAN-SYSTEMS; MOMENTUM CONSERVING ALGORITHMS; BACKWARD ERROR ANALYSIS; LIE-GROUP METHODS; SYMPLECTIC INTEGRATION; SPIN DYNAMICS; POISSON INTEGRATION; TIME INTEGRATION; BODIES; SIMULATION AB This paper presents two semi-implicit algorithms based on splitting methodology for rigid body rotational dynamics. The first algorithm is a variation of partitioned Runge-Kutta (PRK) methodology that can be formulated as a splitting method. The second algorithm is akin to a multiple time stepping scheme and is based on modified Crouch-Grossman (MCG) methodology, which can also be expressed as a splitting algorithm. These algorithms are second-order accurate and time-reversible; however, they are not Poisson integrators, i.e. non-symplectic. These algorithms conserve some of the first integrals of motion, but some others are not conserved; however, the fluctuations in these invariants are bounded over exponentially long time intervals. These algorithms exhibit excellent long-term behaviour because of their reversibility property and their (approximate) Poisson structure preserving property. The numerical results indicate that the proposed algorithms exhibit superior performance compared to some of the currently well known algorithms such as the Simo-Wong algorithm, Newmark algorithm, discrete Moser-Veselov algorithm, Lewis-Simo algorithm, and the LIEMID[EA] algorithm. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nukala, PKVV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM nukalapk@ornl.gov; sheltonwajr@ornl.gov NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0029-5981 EI 1097-0207 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD MAR 19 PY 2007 VL 69 IS 12 BP 2636 EP 2662 DI 10.1002/nme.1874 PG 27 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 149KQ UT WOS:000245146200008 ER PT J AU Ravula, SK Wang, MS McClain, MA Asress, SA Frazier, B Glass, JD AF Ravula, Surendra K. Wang, Min S. McClain, Maxine A. Asress, Seneshaw A. Frazier, Bruno Glass, Jonathan D. TI Spatiotemporal localization of injury potentials in DRG neurons during vincristine-induced axonal degeneration SO NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE injury signals; axonal degeneration; vincristine; compartmented cultures ID NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE; MOUSE MODEL; NEUROPATHY; SYSTEM; MICE; RAT AB The distal to proximal degeneration of axons, or "dying back" is a common pattern of neuropathology in many diseases of the PNS and CNS. A long-standing debate has centered on whether this pattern of neurodegeneration is due to an insult to the cell body or to the axon itself, although it is likely that mechanisms are different for specific disease entities. We have addressed this question in a model system of vincristine-induced axonal degeneration. Here, we created a novel experimental apparatus combining a microfluidic divider with a multielectrode array substrate to allow for independent monitoring of injury-induced electrical activity from dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cell bodies and axons while isolating them into their own culture microenvironrnents. At specified doses, exposure of the cell body to vincristine caused neither morphological neurodegeneration nor persistent hyperexcitablility. In comparison, exposure of the distal axon to the same dose of vincristine first caused a decrease in the excitability of the axon and then axonal degeneration in a dying back pattern. Additionally, exposure of axons to vincristine caused an initial period of hyperexcitability in the cell bodies, suggesting that a signal is transmitted from the distal axon to the soma during the progression of vincristine-induced axonal degeneration. These data support the proposition that vincristine has a direct neurotoxic effect on the axon. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Neurodegenerat Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Ravula, SK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Bldg 858EL,L3305,1515 Eubank Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM skravul@sandia.gov FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB000786]; NINDS NIH HHS [R21 NS053801] NR 19 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0304-3940 J9 NEUROSCI LETT JI Neurosci. Lett. PD MAR 19 PY 2007 VL 415 IS 1 BP 34 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.01.009 PG 6 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 153ZV UT WOS:000245477500007 PM 17267126 ER PT J AU Flynn, CJ Mendoza, A Zheng, YH Mathur, S AF Flynn, Connor J. Mendoza, Albert Zheng, Yunhui Mathur, Savyasachee TI Novel polarization-sensitive micropulse lidar measurement technique SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID CLOUDS; SCATTERING; MATRIX AB Polarization-sensitive detection of elastic backscattered light is useful for detection of cloud phase and depolarizing aerosols. The U. S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program has deployed micropulse lidar (MPL) for over a decade, but without polarized detection. Adding an actively-controlled liquid crystal retarder provides the capability to identify depolarizing particles by alternately transmitting linearly and circularly polarized light. This represents a departure from established techniques, which transmit exclusively linear polarization or exclusively circular polarization. Mueller matrix calculations yield simple relationships between the well-known linear depolarization ratio delta(linear), the circular depolarization ratio delta(circ), and this MPL depolarization ratio delta(MPL). (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Flynn, CJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Connor.Flynn@pnl.gov NR 16 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 19 PY 2007 VL 15 IS 6 BP 2785 EP 2790 DI 10.1364/OE.15.002785 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 148LN UT WOS:000245076200004 PM 19532516 ER PT J AU Marchand, RT Ackerman, TP Moroney, C AF Marchand, Roger T. Ackerman, Thomas P. Moroney, Catherine TI An assessment of Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) stereo-derived cloud top heights and cloud top winds using ground-based radar, lidar, and microwave radiometers SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RETRIEVAL; PROFILER; PERFORMANCE; MOTION; FIRE; SIZE; RASS AB [1] In this article stereoscopically derived cloud top heights and cloud winds estimated from the Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) are assessed. MISR is one of five instruments on board the NASA Terra satellite. The cloud top height assessment is based on a comparison of more than 4 years of MISR retrievals with that derived from ground-based radar and lidar systems operated by the U. S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program. The assessment includes a comparison of the MISR cloud top heights and ground-based data sets as a function of cloud optical depth and a simple cloud classification. Overall, we find that the MISR retrieval is working well with little bias for most cloud types, when the cloud is sufficiently optically thick to be detected. The detection limit is found to be around optical depth 0.3 to 0.5, except over snow and ice surfaces where it is larger. The standard deviation across all clouds is less than about 1000 m for the MISR best winds retrievals at all ARM sites, and the standard deviation for the MISR without winds retrieval varied between about 1000 to 1300 m, depending on the site. The performance for various cloud types is explored. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Marchand, RT (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM roj@pnl.gov NR 27 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 17 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D6 AR D06204 DI 10.1029/2006JD007091 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 147QN UT WOS:000245017600001 ER PT J AU McComas, DJ Velli, M Lewis, WS Acton, LW Balat-Pichelin, M Bothmer, V Dirling, RB Feldman, WC Gloeckler, G Habbal, SR Hassler, DM Mann, I Matthaeus, WH McNutt, RL Mewaldt, RA Murphy, N Ofman, L Sittler, EC Smith, CW Zurbuchen, TH AF McComas, D. J. Velli, M. Lewis, W. S. Acton, L. W. Balat-Pichelin, M. Bothmer, V. Dirling, R. B., Jr. Feldman, W. C. Gloeckler, G. Habbal, S. R. Hassler, D. M. Mann, I. Matthaeus, W. H. McNutt, R. L., Jr. Mewaldt, R. A. Murphy, N. Ofman, L. Sittler, E. C., Jr. Smith, C. W. Zurbuchen, T. H. TI Understanding coronal heating and solar wind acceleration: Case for in situ near-Sun measurements SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS; ROTATING RAREFACTION REGIONS; HELIOSPHERIC MAGNETIC-FIELD; EJECTION DRIVEN SHOCKS; MASS EJECTIONS; ALFVEN WAVES; POLAR PLUMES; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE; INTERPLANETARY MEDIUM; RESONANT ABSORPTION AB The solar wind has been measured directly from 0.3 AU outward, and the Sun's atmosphere has been imaged from the photosphere out through the corona. These observations have significantly advanced our understanding of the influence of the Sun's varying magnetic field on the structure and dynamics of the corona and the solar wind. However, how the corona is heated and accelerated to produce the solar wind remains a mystery. Answering these fundamental questions requires in situ observations near the Sun, from a few solar radii (R-S) out to similar to 20 R-S, where the internal, magnetic, and turbulent energy in the coronal plasma is channeled into the bulk energy of the supersonic solar wind. A mission to make such observations has long been a top priority of the solar and space physics community. The recent Solar Probe study has proven that such a mission is technically feasible and can be accomplished within reasonable resources. C1 SW Res Inst, Space Sci & Engn Div, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Astron & Sci Spazio, I-50125 Florence, Italy. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. CNRS, Proc Mat & Solar Energy, F-66125 Font Romeu, France. Univ Gottingen, Inst Astrophys, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Fountain Valley, CA 92708 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. SW Res Inst, Space Studies Dept, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. Kobe Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Nada Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. CALTECH, Space Radiat Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP McComas, DJ (reprint author), SW Res Inst, Space Sci & Engn Div, PO Drawer 28510, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. EM dmccomas@swri.edu RI McNutt, Ralph/E-8006-2010 OI McNutt, Ralph/0000-0002-4722-9166 NR 151 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 8755-1209 EI 1944-9208 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PD MAR 17 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 1 AR RG1004 DI 10.1029/2006RG000195 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 147TU UT WOS:000245026200001 ER PT J AU Thomsen, MF Denton, MH Lavraud, B Bodeau, M AF Thomsen, M. F. Denton, M. H. Lavraud, B. Bodeau, M. TI Statistics of plasma fluxes at geosynchronous orbit over more than a full solar cycle SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SHEET ACCESS; SPACECRAFT; ANALYZER AB The extensive database of plasma measurements from Los Alamos geosynchronous satellites is used to derive a statistical characterization of the geosynchronous fluxes of ions and electrons between the energies of similar to 40 eV and similar to 45 keV. The database covers more than an entire solar cycle and all levels of geomagnetic activity. The derived flux averages and various percentile levels thus describe the environment to which geosynchronous satellites are exposed over their lifetimes and should provide a useful tool to guide satellite design and testing. The mission-averaged fluxes agree very well with other recent analyses in the energy ranges of overlap. C1 [Thomsen, M. F.; Denton, M. H.; Lavraud, B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bodeau, M.] Boeing Satellite Design Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Thomsen, MF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Denton, Michael/0000-0002-1748-3710 NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD MAR 17 PY 2007 VL 5 IS 3 AR S03004 DI 10.1029/2006SW000257 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 261IT UT WOS:000253073000001 ER PT J AU Goldstein, RZ Tomasi, D Alia-Klein, N Cottone, LA Zhang, L Telang, F Volkow, ND AF Goldstein, Rita Z. Tomasi, Dardo Alia-Klein, Nelly Cottone, Lisa A. Zhang, Lei Telang, Frank Volkow, Nora D. TI Subjective sensitivity to monetary gradients is associated with frontolimbic activation to reward in cocaine abusers SO DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE LA English DT Article DE crack-cocaine addiction; mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic circuit; fMRI BOLD; monetary incentive salience; reward valence ID HUMAN ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX; DECISION-MAKING; DRUG-ADDICTION; FRONTAL-CORTEX; BRAIN; INVOLVEMENT; RESPONSES; SUPPRESSION; AMYGDALA; EMOTION AB Drug addiction is characterized by marked disruptions in the ability to process reward. Here we evaluated in cocaine addicted and healthy control participants the subjective sensitivity to reward gradients and its association with neural responses to sustained reward. A self-report questionnaire was used to assess the former. A functional magnetic resonance imaging task that utilized monetary reward as feedback in a blocked design was used to assess the latter. Results revealed that whereas control subjects valued high money more than low money, over half of the cocaine addicted subjects valued all monetary amounts equally. This compromised subjective sensitivity to gradients in reward value was significantly correlated with higher activations to money in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex/inferior frontal gyrus (BA 47) and amygdala, and lower activations in the middle frontal gyrus (BA 6), which together explained 85% of the variability on this rating scale in the cocaine abusers only. These results provide for the first time evidence of restricted subjective sensitivity to gradients of reward in cocaine addiction and of the involvement of frontolimbic brain regions (including the orbitofrontal cortex) in this deficit. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Goldstein, RZ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rgoldstein@bnl.gov RI Tomasi, Dardo/J-2127-2015 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR010710, M01 RR010710-070110, M01-RR-10710]; NIAAA NIH HHS [AA/OD09481-04, R01 AA009481-06]; NIDA NIH HHS [K23 DA015517-01, K23 DA015517, K23 DA15517-01, R03 DA 017070-01, R03 DA017070, R03 DA017070-01] NR 47 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0376-8716 J9 DRUG ALCOHOL DEPEN JI Drug Alcohol Depend. PD MAR 16 PY 2007 VL 87 IS 2-3 BP 233 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.08.022 PG 8 WC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry SC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry GA 154YO UT WOS:000245544700015 PM 16997508 ER PT J AU Gritti, F Guiochon, G AF Gritti, Fabrice Guiochon, Georges TI Limits of the numerical estimation of the adsorption energy distribution from adsorption isotherm data using the expectation-maximization method SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE adsorption energy distribution; expectation-maximization; algorithm; RP-HPLC; adsorption sites; column heterogeneity; isotherm; phenol ID PHASE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SURFACE HETEROGENEITY; MECHANISM; ACCURACY; SILICA AB The limits of the use of the expectation-maximization (EM) method for the study of the heterogeneity of adsorbent surfaces were tested by calculating the adsorption energy distribution of systems having known degrees of heterogeneity. Connecting on-line two different columns allows the simulation of a heterogeneous system. The two columns used were endcapped, C-18-bonded silica used as stationary phases and having different degrees of C-18 chain coverages (0.42 and 2.03 mu mol/m(2)). The adsorption constants of phenol measured by frontal analysis (FA) are significantly different on these two columns. On each column, the adsorption behavior was best accounted for by a bi-Langmuir isotherm model, corresponding to a heterogeneous surface with a bimodal energy distribution. The difference between the adsorption energies on the weak adsorption sites of the two columns is 1.5 kJ/mol. The energy difference of their high energy sites is 2.2 kJ/mol. The EM method can readily distinguish between adsorption sites having energies that differ by more than 5 kJ/mol after more than 10 million iterations, but it cannot distinguish between adsorption sites for which this energy difference is less than 2 kJ/mol, even after 100 million iterations. For highly heterogeneous systems, (e.g., those with more than three different types of adsorption sites), the EM program does not converge necessarily towards the actual energy distribution function but toward a simpler one, having fewer adsorption sites that are almost equally spaced in the energy space. This failure of the EM program is related to the fact that, despite the excellent precision of the FA measurements (< I %), any series of adsorption data can be represented by several distinct AEDs. Thus, the degree of heterogeneity of RPLC adsorbents determined with the EM method might often be minimized, resulting in erroneous values of the isotherm parameters. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAR 16 PY 2007 VL 1144 IS 2 BP 208 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.01.057 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 147LI UT WOS:000245004100007 PM 17275011 ER PT J AU Christy, JR Norris, WB Spencer, RW Hnilo, JJ AF Christy, John R. Norris, William B. Spencer, Roy W. Hnilo, Justin J. TI Tropospheric temperature change since 1979 from tropical radiosonde and satellite measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AIR-TEMPERATURE; MSU CHANNEL-2; TIME-SERIES; DATA SET; TRENDS; REANALYSIS; UNCERTAINTY; RECORDS; BIASES; VIZ AB Temperature change of the lower troposphere ( LT) in the tropics ( 20 degrees S-20 degrees N) during the period 1979-2004 is examined using 58 radiosonde ( sonde) stations and the microwave-based satellite data sets of the University of Alabama in Huntsville ( UAH v5.2) and Remote Sensing Systems ( RSS v2.1). At the 29 stations that make both day and night observations, the average nighttime trend (+0.12 K decade(-1)) is 0.05 K decade(-1) more positive than that for the daytime (+0.07 K decade(-1)) in the unadjusted observations, an unlikely physical possibility indicating adjustments are needed. At the 58 sites the UAH data indicate a trend of +0.08 K decade(-1), the RSS data, +0.15. When the largest discontinuities in the sondes are detected and removed through comparison with UAH data, the trend of day and night releases combined becomes +0.09, and using RSS data, +0.12. Relative to several data sets, the RSS data show a warming shift, broadly occurring in 1992, of between +0.07 K and +0.13 K. Because the shift occurs at the time NOAA-12 readings began to be merged into the satellite data stream and large NOAA-11 adjustments were applied, the discrepancy appears to be due to bias adjustment procedures. Several comparisons are consistent with a 26-year trend and error estimate for the UAH LT product for the full tropics of +0.05 +/- 0.07, which is very likely less than the tropical surface trend of +0.13 K decade(-1). C1 Univ Alabama, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, PCMDI, CAPT, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Christy, JR (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NR 35 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 16 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D6 AR D06102 DI 10.1029/2005JD006881 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 147QM UT WOS:000245017500001 ER PT J AU Wang, YX McElroy, MB Martin, RV Streets, DG Zhang, Q Fu, TM AF Wang, Yuxuan McElroy, Michael B. Martin, Randall V. Streets, David G. Zhang, Qiang Fu, Tung-May TI Seasonal variability of NOx emissions over east China constrained by satellite observations: Implications for combustion and microbial sources SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID OZONE MONITORING EXPERIMENT; TROPOSPHERIC NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; OXIDE EMISSIONS; AIR-QUALITY; ART.; GOME; MODEL; AEROSOLS AB Observations of tropospheric column densities of NO2 obtained from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment ( GOME) for a 3-year period ( 1997, 1998, and 2000) are used to derive average seasonal variations in surface emissions of NOx from east China ( 100-123 degrees E, 20-42 degrees N). The retrieval allows for zonal variations in the contribution of the stratosphere to the NO2 column and removes a bias of +/- 10% on the seasonality of retrieved columns introduced by cloud screening. The top-down inventory is constructed using an inversion approach with a global 3-D chemical transport model ( GEOS-Chem) and combined subsequently with the a priori inventory to develop an a posteriori inventory. The contribution of background NO2 arising from nonsurface sources ( lightning) and long-range transport of emissions originating outside of east China is accounted for in the inversion. The a posteriori estimate of overall emissions for east China, 4.66 Tg N/yr ( +/- 30% uncertainty), is 33% higher than the a priori value and is shown to improve agreement with surface measurements of nitrate wet deposition and concentrations of NOy observed in China. On the basis of multiple constraints on the spatial and seasonal variations of combustion and microbial processes, the a posteriori inventory is partitioned among emissions from biomass burning, fuel combustion, and microbial activity ( or soil emissions). Emission of NOx from biomass burning in east China is estimated as 0.08 TgN/yr +/- 50% in the a posteriori inventory, increased by about a factor of 2 from the a priori estimate. The resulting a posteriori inventory for fuel combustion ( 3.72 TgN/yr +/- 32%) is about 15% higher than the a priori and exhibits a distinct maximum in winter, in contrast to the weak seasonality indicated in the a priori inventory. The a posteriori value for the microbial source of NOx ( 0.85 TgN/yr +/- 40%) is about a factor of 3 higher than the a priori value, amounting to 23% of combustion sources for east China and significantly higher than a priori value of 7%. The microbial source is unimportant in winter. It peaks in summer, accounting for as much as 43% of the combustion source for that season, and is significant also in spring and fall. This seasonality is attributed to the timing of fertilizer application and to the influence of seasonally variable environmental factors including temperature and precipitation. C1 Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atmospher & Mol Phys Div, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, YX (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM wang3@fas.harvard.edu RI Martin, Randall/A-2051-2008; 欧阳, 冰洁/G-2925-2011; Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; Martin, Randall/C-1205-2014; Wang, Yuxuan/C-6902-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Fu, Tzung-May/N-3418-2015; OI Martin, Randall/0000-0003-2632-8402; Wang, Yuxuan/0000-0002-1649-6974; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 66 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 5 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 16 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D6 AR D06301 DI 10.1029/2006JD007538 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 147QM UT WOS:000245017500006 ER PT J AU Ybe, JA Mishra, S Helms, S Nix, J AF Ybe, Joel A. Mishra, Sanjay Helms, Stephen Nix, Jay TI Crystal structure at 2.8 A of the DLLRKN-containing coiled-coil domain of huntingtin-interacting protein 1 (HIP) reveals a surface suitable for clathrin light chain binding SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIP1-clathrin light chain interaction; HIP1; HIP12/1R; endocytosis; Sla2p ID MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS; AMINO-ACID; F-ACTIN; RECRUITMENT; SEQUENCE; MOTIFS AB Huntingtin interacting protein 1 (HIPI) is a member of a family of proteins whose interaction with Huntingtin is critical to prevent cells from initiating apoptosis. HIP1, and related protein HIP12/1R, can also bind to clathrin and membrane phospholipids, and HlP12/1R links the CCV to the actin cytoskeleton. HIP1 and HIP12/1R interact with the clathrin light chain EED regulatory site and stimulate clathrin lattice assembly. Here, we report the X-ray structure of the coiled-coil domain of HIPI (residues 482-586) that includes residues crucial for binding clathrin light chain. The dimeric HIP1 crystal structure is partially splayed open. The comparison of the HIP1 model with coiled-coil predictions revealed the heptad repeat in the dimeric trunk (S2 path) is offset relative to the register of the heptad repeat from the N-terminal portion (S1 path) of the molecule. Furthermore, surface analysis showed there is a third hydrophobic path (S3) running parallel with S1 and S2. We present structural evidence supporting a role for the S3 path as an interaction surface for clathrin light chain. Finally, comparative analysis suggests the mode of binding between sla2p and clathrin light chain may be different in yeast. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Texas SW, Dept Pharmacol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Biol Consortium, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ybe, JA (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM jybe@indiana.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM064387] NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD MAR 16 PY 2007 VL 367 IS 1 BP 8 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.12.052 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 144IQ UT WOS:000244790100002 PM 17257618 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Bona, M Boutigny, D Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Prudent, X Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Grauges, E Palano, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadyk, JA Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Pegna, DL Lynch, G Mir, LM Orimoto, TJ Osipenkov, I Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Tackmann, K Wenzel, WA Sanchez, PD Barrett, M Harrison, TJ Hart, AJ Hawkes, CM Watson, AT Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schroeder, T Steinke, M Boyd, JT Burke, JP Cottingham, WN Walker, D Asgeirsson, DJ Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Khan, A Kyberd, P Saleem, M Sherwood, DJ Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Todyshev, KY Bondioli, M Bruinsma, M Chao, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Mandelkern, M Martin, EC Stoker, DP Abachi, S Buchanan, C Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Liu, F Long, O Shen, BC Zhang, L Hill, EJ Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Cunha, A Dahmes, B Hong, TM Kovalskyi, D Richman, JD Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Williams, DC Wilson, MG Winstrom, LO Chen, E Cheng, CH Dvoretskii, A Fang, F Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Mishra, K Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, PC Chen, S Ford, WT Hirschauer, JF Kreisel, A Nagel, M Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Zhang, J Chen, A Eckhart, EA Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Winklmeier, F Zeng, Q Altenburg, DD Feltresi, E Hauke, A Jasper, H Merkel, J Petzold, A Spaan, B Wacker, K Brandt, T Klose, V Lacker, HM Mader, WF Nogowski, R Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Volk, A Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Latour, E Thiebaux, C Verderi, M Clark, PJ Gradl, W Muheim, F Playfer, S Robertson, AI Xie, Y Andreotti, M Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Petrella, A Piemontese, L Prencipe, E Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Pacetti, S Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Rama, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Contri, R Lo Vetere, M Macri, MM Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Chaisanguanthum, KS Morii, M Wu, J Dubitzky, RS Marks, J Schenk, S Uwer, U Bard, DJ Dauncey, PD Flack, RL Nash, JA Nikolich, MB Vazquez, WP Behera, PK Chai, X Charles, MJ Mallik, U Meyer, NT Ziegler, V Cochran, J Crawley, HB Dong, L Eyges, V Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Rubin, AE Gritsan, AV Lae, CK Denig, AG Fritsch, M Schott, G Arnaud, N Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Lepeltier, V Le Diberder, F Lutz, AM Pruvot, S Rodier, S Roudeau, P Schune, MH Serrano, J Sordini, V Stocchi, A Wang, WF Wormser, G Lange, DJ Wright, DM Chavez, CA Forster, IJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Hutchcroft, DE Payne, DJ Schofield, KC Touramanis, C Bevan, AJ George, KA Di Lodovico, F Menges, W Sacco, R Cowan, G Flaecher, HU Hopkins, DA Jackson, PS McMahon, TR Salvatore, F Wren, AC Brown, DN Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Chia, YM Edgar, CL Lafferty, GD West, TJ Yi, JI Chen, C Hulsbergen, WD Jawahery, A Roberts, DA Simi, G Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Hertzbach, SS Li, X Moore, TB Salvati, E Saremi, S Cowan, R Sciolla, G Sekula, SJ Spitznagel, M Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Kim, H Mclachlin, E Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Lombardo, V Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote, D Simard, M Taras, P Viaud, FB Nicholson, H Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Monorchio, D Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, MA Raven, G Snoek, HL Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Benelli, G Corwin, LA Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Kagan, H Kass, R Morris, JP Rahimi, AM Regensburger, JJ Ter-Antonyan, R Wong, QK Blount, NL Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Kolb, JA Lu, M Potter, CT Rahmat, R Sinev, NB Strom, D Strube, J Torrence, E Gaz, A Margoni, M Morandin, M Pompili, A Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Voci, C Ben-Haim, E Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P Del Buono, L De La Vaissiere, C Hamon, O Hartfiel, BL Leruste, P Malcles, J Ocariz, J Gladney, L Biasini, M Covarelli, R Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Cenci, R Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Mazur, MA Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rizzo, G Walsh, JJ Haire, M Biesiada, J Elmer, P Lau, YP Lu, C Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Bellini, F Cavoto, G D'Orazio, A del Re, D Di Marco, E Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Jackson, PD Gioi, LL Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Polci, F Voena, C Ebert, M Schroder, H Waldi, R Adye, T Castelli, G Franek, B Olaiya, EO Ricciardi, S Roethel, W Wilson, FF Aleksan, R Emery, S Escalier, M Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Legendre, M Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Chen, XR Liu, H Park, W Purohit, MV Wilson, JR Allen, MT Aston, D Bartoldus, R Bechtle, P Berger, N Claus, R Coleman, JP Convery, MR Dingfelder, JC Dorfan, J Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Graham, MT Grenier, P Halyo, V Hast, C Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Leith, DWGS Li, S Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL MacFarlane, DB Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Pulliam, T Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Snyder, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Suzuki, K Swain, SK Thompson, JM Va'vra, J van Bakel, N Wagner, AP Weaver, M Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Wulsin, HW Yarritu, AK Yi, K Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Majewski, SA Petersen, BA Wilden, L Ahmed, S Alam, MS Bula, R Ernst, JA Jain, V Pan, B Saeed, MA Wappler, FR Zain, SB Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Ritchie, JL Schilling, CJ Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Gallo, F Gamba, D Pelliccioni, M Bomben, M Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Della Ricca, G Lanceri, L Vitale, L Azzolini, V Lopez-March, N Martinez-Vidal, F Oyanguren, A Albert, J Banerjee, S Bhuyan, B Hamano, K Kowalewski, R Nugent, IM Roney, JM Sobie, RJ Back, JJ Harrison, PF Latham, TE Mohanty, GB Pappagallo, M Band, HR Chen, X Dasu, S Flood, KT Hollar, JJ Kutter, PE Mellado, B Pan, Y Pierini, M Prepost, R Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H AF Aubert, B. Bona, M. Boutigny, D. Karyotakis, Y. Lees, J. P. Poireau, V. Prudent, X. Tisserand, V. Zghiche, A. Grauges, E. Palano, A. Chen, J. C. Qi, N. D. Rong, G. Wang, P. Zhu, Y. S. Eigen, G. Ofte, I. Stugu, B. Abrams, G. S. Battaglia, M. Brown, D. N. Button-Shafer, J. Cahn, R. N. Groysman, Y. Jacobsen, R. G. Kadyk, J. A. Kerth, L. T. Kolomensky, Yu. G. Kukartsev, G. Lopes Pegna, D. Lynch, G. Mir, L. M. Orimoto, T. J. Osipenkov, I. Pripstein, M. Roe, N. A. Ronan, M. T. Tackmann, K. Wenzel, W. A. del Amo Sanchez, P. Barrett, M. Harrison, T. J. Hart, A. J. Hawkes, C. M. Watson, A. T. Held, T. Koch, H. Lewandowski, B. Pelizaeus, M. Peters, K. Schroeder, T. Steinke, M. Boyd, J. T. Burke, J. P. Cottingham, W. N. Walker, D. Asgeirsson, D. J. Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T. Fulsom, B. G. Hearty, C. Knecht, N. S. Mattison, T. S. McKenna, J. A. Khan, A. Kyberd, P. Saleem, M. Sherwood, D. J. Teodorescu, L. Blinov, V. E. Bukin, A. D. Druzhinin, V. P. Golubev, V. B. Onuchin, A. P. Serednyakov, S. I. Skovpen, Yu. I. Solodov, E. P. Todyshev, K. Yu Bondioli, M. Bruinsma, M. Chao, M. Curry, S. Eschrich, I. Kirkby, D. Lankford, A. J. Lund, P. Mandelkern, M. Martin, E. C. Stoker, D. P. Abachi, S. Buchanan, C. Foulkes, S. D. Gary, J. W. Liu, F. Long, O. Shen, B. C. Zhang, L. Hill, E. J. Paar, H. P. Rahatlou, S. Sharma, V. Berryhill, J. W. Campagnari, C. Cunha, A. Dahmes, B. Hong, T. M. Kovalskyi, D. Richman, J. D. Beck, T. W. Eisner, A. M. Flacco, C. J. Heusch, C. A. Kroseberg, J. Lockman, W. S. Schalk, T. Schumm, B. A. Seiden, A. Williams, D. C. Wilson, M. G. Winstrom, L. O. Chen, E. Cheng, C. H. Dvoretskii, A. Fang, F. Hitlin, D. G. Narsky, I. Piatenko, T. Porter, F. C. Mancinelli, G. Meadows, B. T. Mishra, K. Sokoloff, M. D. Blanc, F. Bloom, P. C. Chen, S. Ford, W. T. Hirschauer, J. F. Kreisel, A. Nagel, M. Nauenberg, U. Olivas, A. Smith, J. G. Ulmer, K. A. Wagner, S. R. Zhang, J. Chen, A. Eckhart, E. A. Soffer, A. Toki, W. H. Wilson, R. J. Winklmeier, F. Zeng, Q. Altenburg, D. D. Feltresi, E. Hauke, A. Jasper, H. Merkel, J. Petzold, A. Spaan, B. Wacker, K. Brandt, T. Klose, V. Lacker, H. M. Mader, W. F. Nogowski, R. Schubert, J. Schubert, K. R. Schwierz, R. Sundermann, J. E. Volk, A. Bernard, D. Bonneaud, G. R. Latour, E. Thiebaux, Ch. Verderi, M. Clark, P. J. Gradl, W. Muheim, F. Playfer, S. Robertson, A. I. Xie, Y. Andreotti, M. Bettoni, D. Bozzi, C. Calabrese, R. Cibinetto, G. Luppi, E. Negrini, M. Petrella, A. Piemontese, L. Prencipe, E. Anulli, F. Baldini-Ferroli, R. Calcaterra, A. de Sangro, R. Finocchiaro, G. Pacetti, S. Patteri, P. Peruzzi, I. M. Piccolo, M. Rama, M. Zallo, A. Buzzo, A. Contri, R. Lo Vetere, M. Macri, M. M. Monge, M. R. Passaggio, S. Patrignani, C. Robutti, E. Santroni, A. Tosi, S. Chaisanguanthum, K. S. Morii, M. Wu, J. Dubitzky, R. S. Marks, J. Schenk, S. Uwer, U. Bard, D. J. Dauncey, P. D. Flack, R. L. Nash, J. A. Nikolich, M. B. Panduro Vazquez, W. Behera, P. K. Chai, X. Charles, M. J. Mallik, U. Meyer, N. T. Ziegler, V. Cochran, J. Crawley, H. B. Dong, L. Eyges, V. Meyer, W. T. Prell, S. Rosenberg, E. I. Rubin, A. E. Gritsan, A. V. Lae, C. K. Denig, A. G. Fritsch, M. Schott, G. Arnaud, N. Davier, M. Grosdidier, G. Hocker, A. Lepeltier, V. Le Diberder, F. Lutz, A. M. Pruvot, S. Rodier, S. Roudeau, P. Schune, M. H. Serrano, J. Sordini, V. Stocchi, A. Wang, W. F. Wormser, G. Lange, D. J. Wright, D. M. Chavez, C. A. Forster, I. J. Fry, J. R. Gabathuler, E. Gamet, R. Hutchcroft, D. E. Payne, D. J. Schofield, K. C. Touramanis, C. Bevan, A. J. George, K. A. Di Lodovico, F. Menges, W. Sacco, R. Cowan, G. Flaecher, H. U. Hopkins, D. A. Jackson, P. S. McMahon, T. R. Salvatore, F. Wren, A. C. Brown, D. N. Davis, C. L. Allison, J. Barlow, N. R. Barlow, R. J. Chia, Y. M. Edgar, C. L. Lafferty, G. D. West, T. J. Yi, J. I. Chen, C. Hulsbergen, W. D. Jawahery, A. Roberts, D. A. Simi, G. Blaylock, G. Dallapiccola, C. Hertzbach, S. S. Li, X. Moore, T. B. Salvati, E. Saremi, S. Cowan, R. Sciolla, G. Sekula, S. J. Spitznagel, M. Taylor, F. Yamamoto, R. K. Kim, H. Mclachlin, E. Patel, P. M. Robertson, S. H. Lazzaro, A. Lombardo, V. Palombo, F. Bauer, J. M. Cremaldi, L. Eschenburg, V. Godang, R. Kroeger, R. Sanders, D. A. Summers, D. J. Zhao, H. W. Brunet, S. Cote, D. Simard, M. Taras, P. Viaud, F. B. Nicholson, H. Cavallo, N. De Nardo, G. Fabozzi, F. Gatto, C. Lista, L. Monorchio, D. Paolucci, P. Piccolo, D. Sciacca, C. Baak, M. A. Raven, G. Snoek, H. L. Jessop, C. P. LoSecco, J. M. Benelli, G. Corwin, L. A. Gan, K. K. Honscheid, K. Hufnagel, D. Kagan, H. Kass, R. Morris, J. P. Rahimi, A. M. Regensburger, J. J. Ter-Antonyan, R. Wong, Q. K. Blount, N. L. Brau, J. Frey, R. Igonkina, O. Kolb, J. A. Lu, M. Potter, C. T. Rahmat, R. Sinev, N. B. Strom, D. Strube, J. Torrence, E. Gaz, A. Margoni, M. Morandin, M. Pompili, A. Posocco, M. Rotondo, M. Simonetto, F. Stroili, R. Voci, C. Ben-Haim, E. Briand, H. Chauveau, J. David, P. Del Buono, L. de la Vaissiere, Ch. Hamon, O. Hartfiel, B. L. Leruste, Ph. Malcles, J. Ocariz, J. Gladney, L. Biasini, M. Covarelli, R. Angelini, C. Batignani, G. Bettarini, S. Calderini, G. Carpinelli, M. Cenci, R. Forti, F. Giorgi, M. A. Lusiani, A. Marchiori, G. Mazur, M. A. Morganti, M. Neri, N. Paoloni, E. Rizzo, G. Walsh, J. J. Haire, M. Biesiada, J. Elmer, P. Lau, Y. P. Lu, C. Olsen, J. Smith, A. J. S. Telnov, A. V. Bellini, F. Cavoto, G. D'Orazio, A. del Re, D. Di Marco, E. Faccini, R. Ferrarotto, F. Ferroni, F. Gaspero, M. Jackson, P. D. Li Gioi, L. Mazzoni, M. A. Morganti, S. Piredda, G. Polci, F. Voena, C. Ebert, M. Schroeder, H. Waldi, R. Adye, T. Castelli, G. Franek, B. Olaiya, E. O. Ricciardi, S. Roethel, W. Wilson, F. F. Aleksan, R. Emery, S. Escalier, M. Gaidot, A. Ganzhur, S. F. Hamel de Monchenault, G. Kozanecki, W. Legendre, M. Vasseur, G. Yeche, Ch. Zito, M. Chen, X. R. Liu, H. Park, W. Purohit, M. V. Wilson, J. R. Allen, M. T. Aston, D. Bartoldus, R. Bechtle, P. Berger, N. Claus, R. Coleman, J. P. Convery, M. R. Dingfelder, J. C. Dorfan, J. Dubois-Felsmann, G. P. Dujmic, D. Dunwoodie, W. Field, R. C. Glanzman, T. Gowdy, S. J. Graham, M. T. Grenier, P. Halyo, V. Hast, C. Hryn'ova, T. Innes, W. R. Kelsey, M. H. Kim, P. Leith, D. W. G. S. Li, S. Luitz, S. Luth, V. Lynch, H. L. MacFarlane, D. B. Marsiske, H. Messner, R. Muller, D. R. O'Grady, C. P. Ozcan, V. E. Perazzo, A. Perl, M. Pulliam, T. Ratcliff, B. N. Roodman, A. Salnikov, A. A. Schindler, R. H. Schwiening, J. Snyder, A. Stelzer, J. Su, D. Sullivan, M. K. Suzuki, K. Swain, S. K. Thompson, J. M. Va'vra, J. van Bakel, N. Wagner, A. P. Weaver, M. Wisniewski, W. J. Wittgen, M. Wright, D. H. Wulsin, H. W. Yarritu, A. K. Yi, K. Young, C. C. Burchat, P. R. Edwards, A. J. Majewski, S. A. Petersen, B. A. Wilden, L. Ahmed, S. Alam, M. S. Bula, R. Ernst, J. A. Jain, V. Pan, B. Saeed, M. A. Wappler, F. R. Zain, S. B. Bugg, W. Krishnamurthy, M. Spanier, S. M. Eckmann, R. Ritchie, J. L. Schilling, C. J. Schwitters, R. F. Izen, J. M. Lou, X. C. Ye, S. Bianchi, F. Gallo, F. Gamba, D. Pelliccioni, M. Bomben, M. Bosisio, L. Cartaro, C. Cossutti, F. Della Ricca, G. Lanceri, L. Vitale, L. Azzolini, V. Lopez-March, N. Martinez-Vidal, F. Oyanguren, A. Albert, J. Banerjee, Sw. Bhuyan, B. Hamano, K. Kowalewski, R. Nugent, I. M. Roney, J. M. Sobie, R. J. Back, J. J. Harrison, P. F. Latham, T. E. Mohanty, G. B. Pappagallo, M. Band, H. R. Chen, X. Dasu, S. Flood, K. T. Hollar, J. J. Kutter, P. E. Mellado, B. Pan, Y. Pierini, M. Prepost, R. Wu, S. L. Yu, Z. Neal, H. CA BABAR Collaboration TI Evidence for B-0 ->rho(0)rho(0) decays and implications for the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa angle alpha SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We search for the decays B-0 ->rho(0)rho(0), B-0 ->rho(0)f(0)(980), and B-0 -> f(0)(980)f(0)(980) in a sample of about 384x10(6) Upsilon(4S)-> B (B) over bar decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e(+)e(-) collider at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. We find evidence for B-0 ->rho(0)rho(0) with 3.5 sigma significance and measure the branching fraction B=(1.07 +/- 0.33 +/- 0.19)x10(-6) and longitudinal polarization fraction f(L)=0.87 +/- 0.13 +/- 0.04, where the first uncertainty is statistical, and the second is systematic. The uncertainty on the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa quark-mixing matrix unitarity angle alpha due to penguin contributions in B ->rho rho decays is 18 degrees at the 1 sigma level. We also set upper limits on the B-0 ->rho(0)f(0)(980) and B-0 -> f(0)(980)f(0)(980) decay rates. C1 CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Savoie, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. CNRS, IN2P3, Accelerateur Lineaire Lab, F-91898 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 11, Ctr Sci Orsay, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Univ London, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NIKHEF, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Durham, Dept Phys, IPPP, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014 OI Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 11 AR 111801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.111801 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 146UD UT WOS:000244959300017 ER PT J AU Chang, S Fox, PJ Weiner, N AF Chang, Spencer Fox, Patrick J. Weiner, Neal TI Visible cascade Higgs decays to four photons at hadron colliders SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXPLICIT CP VIOLATION; STANDARD MODEL; OPAL DETECTOR; SEARCH; BOSON; LEP AB The presence of a new singlet scalar particle a can open up new decay channels for the Higgs boson, through cascades of the form h -> 2a -> X, possibly making discovery through standard model channels impossible. If a is CP odd, its decays are particularly sensitive to new physics. Quantum effects from heavy fields can naturally make h -> 4g the dominant decay which is difficult to observe at hadron colliders, and is allowed by CERN LEP for m(h)> 82 GeV. However, there are usually associated decays, either h -> 2g2 gamma or h -> 4 gamma, which are more promising. The decay h -> 4 gamma is a clean channel that can discover both a and h. At the CERN LHC with 300 fb(-1) of luminosity, a branching ratio of order 10(-4) is sufficient for discovery for a large range of Higgs boson masses. With total luminosity of similar to 8 fb(-1), discovery at the Fermilab Tevatron requires more than 5x10(-3) in branching ratio. C1 NYU, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chang, S (reprint author), NYU, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. NR 31 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 11 AR 111802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.111802 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 146UD UT WOS:000244959300018 PM 17501043 ER PT J AU Gaudio, S Mihaila, B Blagoev, KB Bedell, KS Timmermans, E AF Gaudio, Sergio Mihaila, Bogdan Blagoev, Krastan B. Bedell, Kevin S. Timmermans, Eddy TI Acoustic attenuation probe for fermion superfluidity in ultracold-atom gases SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOW CARRIER CONCENTRATIONS; BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SRTI0.97ZR0.03O3; TRANSITION AB Dilute gas Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC's), currently used to cool fermionic atoms in atom traps, can also probe the superfluidity of these fermions. The damping rate of BEC-acoustic excitations (phonon modes), measured in the middle of the trap as a function of the phonon momentum, yields an unambiguous signature of BCS-like superfluidity, provides a measurement of the superfluid gap parameter, and gives an estimate of the size of the Cooper pairs in the BEC-BCS crossover regime. We also predict kinks in the momentum dependence of the damping rate which can reveal detailed information about the fermion quasiparticle dispersion relation. C1 Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gaudio, S (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. EM sergio.gaudio@roma1.infn.it RI Mihaila, Bogdan/D-8795-2013 OI Mihaila, Bogdan/0000-0002-1489-8814 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 11 AR 110407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.110407 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 146UD UT WOS:000244959300008 PM 17501033 ER PT J AU Helveg, S Li, WX Bartelt, NC Horch, S Laegsgaard, E Hammer, B Besenbacher, F AF Helveg, S. Li, W. X. Bartelt, N. C. Horch, S. Laegsgaard, E. Hammer, B. Besenbacher, F. TI Role of surface elastic relaxations in an O-induced nanopattern on Pt(110)-(1 x 2) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-ADSORPTION; RECONSTRUCTION; STRESS; PHASE AB Scanning tunneling microscopy shows that a nanopattern forms as the Pt(110)-(1x2) surface is exposed to oxygen at room temperature or above. The nanopattern consists of [110] oriented O-induced stripes assembling into a (11x2) superstructure at high O coverage. The stripes form because the O adsorption energy increases by expanding the Pt lattice along the ridges of the surface as compared to the bulk. From interplay with density functional theory calculations, we show that the O-induced nanoscale periodicity is caused by short-ranged elastic relaxations confined to the surface. C1 Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Aarhus Univ, Interdisciplinary Nanosci Ctr, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, State Key Lab Catalysis, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, Ctr Theoret & Computat Chem, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Helveg, S (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. RI Besenbacher, Flemming/A-9623-2010; Li, Wei-Xue/A-1414-2011; Bartelt, Norman/G-2927-2012; Hammer, Bjork/C-3701-2013; Horch, Sebastian/A-7748-2011 OI Horch, Sebastian/0000-0001-7601-9224 NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 11 AR 115501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.115501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 146UD UT WOS:000244959300037 PM 17501062 ER PT J AU Homouz, D Reiter, G Eckert, J Mayers, J Blinc, R AF Homouz, D. Reiter, G. Eckert, J. Mayers, J. Blinc, R. TI Measurement of the 3D Born-Oppenheimer potential of a proton in a hydrogen-bonded system via deep inelastic neutron scattering: The superprotonic conductor Rb3H(SO4)(2) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOCAL SYMMETRY; H BOND; CRYSTALS; DYNAMICS; RB3D(SO4)(2); K3H(SO4)2; NMR AB We report the first direct measurement of the proton 3-D Born-Oppenheimer potential in any material. The proton potential surfaces in the hydrogen-bonded superprotonic conductor Rb3H(SO4)(2) are extracted from the momentum distribution measured using Deep Inelastic Neutron Scattering (DINS). The potential has a single minimum along the bond direction, which accounts for the absence of the antiferroelectric transition seen in the deuterated material. The measured potential is in qualitative agreement with phenomenological double Morse potentials that have been used to describe hydrogen bonds in other systems. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, Santa Barbara, CA USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA USA. ISIS, Rutherford Appelton Lab, Chilton, England. Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia. RP Homouz, D (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. NR 22 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 11 AR 115502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.115502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 146UD UT WOS:000244959300038 PM 17501063 ER PT J AU Jaramillo, R Rosenbaum, TF Isaacs, ED Shpyrko, OG Evans, PG Aeppli, G Cai, Z AF Jaramillo, R. Rosenbaum, T. F. Isaacs, E. D. Shpyrko, O. G. Evans, P. G. Aeppli, G. Cai, Z. TI Microscopic and macroscopic signatures of antiferromagnetic domain walls SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD DEPENDENCE; X-RAY MICRODIFFRACTION; CHROMIUM; TEMPERATURE; RESISTIVITY; RESISTANCE; FILMS AB Magnetotransport measurements on small single crystals of Cr, the elemental antiferromagnet, reveal the hysteretic thermodynamics of the domain structure. The temperature dependence of the transport coefficients is directly correlated with the real-space evolution of the domain configuration as recorded by x-ray microprobe imaging, revealing the effect of antiferromagnetic domain walls on electron transport. A single antiferromagnetic domain wall interface resistance is deduced to be of order 5x10(-5) mu Omega cm(2) at a temperature of 100 K. C1 Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. UCL, London Ctr Nanotechnol, London WC1E 6BT, England. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jaramillo, R (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM t-rosenbaum@uchicago.edu RI Evans, Paul/A-9260-2009; Shpyrko, Oleg/J-3970-2012 OI Evans, Paul/0000-0003-0421-6792; NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 11 AR 117206 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.117206 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 146UD UT WOS:000244959300064 PM 17501089 ER PT J AU Kroupp, E Osin, D Starobinets, A Fisher, V Bernshtam, V Maron, Y Uschmann, I Forster, E Fisher, A Deeney, C AF Kroupp, E. Osin, D. Starobinets, A. Fisher, V. Bernshtam, V. Maron, Y. Uschmann, I. Foerster, E. Fisher, A. Deeney, C. TI Ion-kinetic-energy measurements and energy balance in a Z-pinch plasma at stagnation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EMISSION AB The ion-kinetic energy throughout K emission in a stagnating plasma was determined from the Doppler contribution to the shapes of optically thin lines. X-ray spectroscopy with a remarkably high spectral resolution, together with simultaneous imaging along the pinch, was employed. Over the emission period, a drop of the ion-kinetic energy down to the electron thermal energy was seen. Axially resolved time-dependent electron-density measurements and absolute intensities of line and continuum allowed for investigating, for the first time, each segment of the pinch, the balance between the ion-kinetic energy at the stagnating plasma, and the total radiation emitted. Within the experimental uncertainties, the ion-kinetic energy is shown to account for the total radiation. C1 Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Jena, Jena, Germany. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Phys, Haifa, Israel. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kroupp, E (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 11 AR 115001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.115001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 146UD UT WOS:000244959300036 PM 17501061 ER PT J AU Rudin, SP AF Rudin, Sven P. TI Pb-Pu superlattices: An example of nanostructured actinide materials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; DELTA-PU; 5F ELECTRONS; PLUTONIUM; APPROXIMATION; TRANSITION; URANIUM; PICTURE; METALS; STATE AB Density functional theory applied to Pb-Pu superlattices reveals two competing phases separated by a Mott transition between itinerant and localized 5f electrons. One phase, corresponding to Pu's bulk alpha phase, exhibits paired up Pu planes, thereby broadening the 5f bandwidth. Allowing spin polarization to emulate the energetics of electron correlation leads to another phase with larger volume, narrow 5f bandwidth, and more uniform local crystal structure, similar to bulk fcc Pu. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rudin, SP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 11 AR 116401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.116401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 146UD UT WOS:000244959300044 PM 17501069 ER PT J AU Gibbons, SJ Sorensen, MB Harris, DB Ringdal, F AF Gibbons, Steven J. Bottger Sorensen, Mathilde Harris, David B. Ringdal, Frode TI The detection and location of low magnitude earthquakes in northern Norway using multi-channel waveform correlation at regional distances SO PHYSICS OF THE EARTH AND PLANETARY INTERIORS LA English DT Article DE cross-correlation; detection; seismic arrays; aftershocks ID CROSS-CORRELATION; SEISMIC EVENTS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SEQUENCE; ARRAY; IDENTIFICATION; SLOWNESS; NETWORK; STATION; EXAMPLE AB A fortuitous sequence of closely spaced earthquakes in the Rana region of northern Norway, during 2005, has provided an ideal natural laboratory for investigating event detectability using waveform correlation over networks and arrays at regional distances. A small number of events between magnitude 2.0 and 3.5 were recorded with a high SNR by the Fennoscandian IMS seismic arrays at distances over 600 km and three of these events, including the largest on 24 June, displayed remarkable waveform similarity even at relatively high frequencies. In an effort to detect occurrences of smaller earthquakes in the immediate geographical vicinity of the 24 June event, a multi-channel correlation detector for the NORSAR array was run for the whole calender year 2005 using the signal from the master event as a template. A total of 32 detections were made and all but 2 of these coincided with independent correlation detections using the other Nordic IMS array stations; very few correspond to signals detectable using traditional energy detectors. Permanent and temporary stations of the Norwegian National Seismic Network (NNSN) at far closer epicentral distances have confirmed that all but one of the correlation detections at NORSAR in fact correspond to real events. The closest stations at distances of approximately 10 km can confirm that the smallest of these events have magnitudes down to 0.5 which represents a detection threshold reduction of over 1.5 for the large-aperture NORSAR array and over 1.0 for the almost equidistant regional ARCES array. The incompleteness of the local network recordings precludes a comprehensive double-difference location for the full set of events. However, stable double-difference relative locations can be obtained for eight of the events using only the Lg phase recorded at the array stations. All events appear to be separated by less than 0.5 km. Clear peaks were observed in the NORSAR correlation coefficient traces during the coda of some of the larger events; the local stations confirm that these are in fact aftershocks exhibiting very similar waveforms to the main events. Many of the more marginal correlation detections are not made when the calculations are repeated using shorter signal segments, fewer sensors or more distant stations. We demonstrate in addition how these almost repeating seismic sources have been exploited to detect and measure timing anomalies at individual sites within the arrays and network. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NORSAR, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. Univ Bergen, Dept Earth Sci, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gibbons, SJ (reprint author), NORSAR, POB 53, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. EM steven@norsar.no RI Gibbons, Steven/A-5458-2013 OI Gibbons, Steven/0000-0002-7822-0244 NR 38 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-9201 J9 PHYS EARTH PLANET IN JI Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. PD MAR 16 PY 2007 VL 160 IS 3-4 BP 285 EP 309 DI 10.1016/j.pepi.2006.11.008 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 141IO UT WOS:000244572200007 ER PT J AU Reddy, P Jang, SY Segalman, RA Majumdar, A AF Reddy, Pramod Jang, Sung-Yeon Segalman, Rachel A. Majumdar, Arun TI Thermoelectricity in molecular junctions SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTANCE; TRANSISTOR; MICROSCOPY; MONOLAYERS; CELLS AB By trapping molecules between two gold electrodes with a temperature difference across them, the junction Seebeck coefficients of 1,4-benzenedithiol (BDT), 4,4'-dibenzenedithiol, and 4,4''-tribenzenedithiol in contact with gold were measured at room temperature to be + 8.7 +/- 2.1 microvolts per kelvin (mu V/K), + 12.9 +/- 2.2 mu V/K, and + 14.2 +/- 3.2 mu V/ K, respectively ( where the error is the full width half maximum of the statistical distributions). The positive sign unambiguously indicates p-type ( hole) conduction in these heterojunctions, whereas the Au Fermi level position for Au-BDT-Au junctions was identified to be 1.2 eV above the highest occupied molecular orbital level of BDT. The ability to study thermoelectricity in molecular junctions provides the opportunity to address these fundamental unanswered questions about their electronic structure and to begin exploring molecular thermoelectric energy conversion. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Appl Sci & Technol Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Reddy, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Appl Sci & Technol Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM majumdar@me.berkeley.edu; segalman@berkeley.edu NR 27 TC 447 Z9 451 U1 23 U2 209 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 16 PY 2007 VL 315 IS 5818 BP 1568 EP 1571 DI 10.1126/science.1137149 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 146LB UT WOS:000244934800050 PM 17303718 ER PT J AU Bhattacharya, T Daniels, M Heckerman, D Foley, B Frahm, N Kadie, C Carlson, J Yusim, K McMahon, B Gaschen, B Mallal, S Mullins, JI Nickle, DC Herbeck, J Rousseau, C Learn, GH Miura, T Brander, C Walker, B Korber, B AF Bhattacharya, Tanmoy Daniels, Marcus Heckerman, David Foley, Brian Frahm, Nicole Kadie, Carl Carlson, Jonathan Yusim, Karina McMahon, Ben Gaschen, Brian Mallal, Simon Mullins, James I. Nickle, David C. Herbeck, Joshua Rousseau, Christine Learn, Gerald H. Miura, Toshiyuki Brander, Christian Walker, Bruce Korber, Bette TI Founder effects in the assessment of HIV polymorphisms and HLA allele associations SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; ESCAPE; RESPONSES; CTL; EPITOPES; FITNESS; GAG; MUTATIONS; DIVERSITY; VARIANTS AB Escape from T cell-mediated immune responses affects the ongoing evolution of rapidly evolving viruses such as HIV. By applying statistical approaches that account for phylogenetic relationships among viral sequences, we show that viral lineage effects rather than immune escape often explain apparent human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-mediated immune-escape mutations defined by older analysis methods. Phylogenetically informed methods identified immune-susceptible locations with greatly improved accuracy, and the associations we identified with these methods were experimentally validated. This approach has practical implications for understanding the impact of host immunity on pathogen evolution and for defining relevant variants for inclusion in vaccine antigens. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. Microsoft Corp, Res, Machine Learning & Appl Stat Grp, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Partners AIDS Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02129 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Royal Perth Hosp, Ctr Clin Immunol & Biomed Stat, Perth, WA, Australia. Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 USA. RP Korber, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM btk@lanl.gov RI Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/J-8956-2013; OI Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/0000-0002-1060-652X; Brander, Christian/0000-0002-0548-5778; Foley, Brian/0000-0002-1086-0296; Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI27757, AI57005] NR 20 TC 171 Z9 178 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 16 PY 2007 VL 315 IS 5818 BP 1583 EP 1586 DI 10.1126/science.1131528 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 146LB UT WOS:000244934800055 PM 17363674 ER PT J AU Vugrin, KW Swiler, LP Roberts, RM Stucky-Mack, NJ Sullivan, SP AF Vugrin, K. W. Swiler, L. P. Roberts, R. M. Stucky-Mack, N. J. Sullivan, S. P. TI Confidence region estimation techniques for nonlinear regression in groundwater flow: Three case studies SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC TESTS; MODEL; ROCK AB This work focuses on different methods to generate confidence regions for nonlinear parameter identification problems. Three methods for confidence region estimation are considered: a linear approximation method, an F test method, and a log likelihood method. Each of these methods are applied to three case studies. One case study is a problem with synthetic data, and the other two case studies identify hydraulic parameters in groundwater flow problems based on experimental well test results. The confidence regions for each case study are analyzed and compared. Although the F test and log likelihood methods result in similar regions, there are differences between these regions and the regions generated by the linear approximation method for nonlinear problems. The differing results, capabilities, and drawbacks of all three methods are discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Carlsbad Programs Grp, Performance Assessment & Decis Anal Dept, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Carlsbad Programs Grp, Repository Performance Dept, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Optimizat & Uncertainty Estimat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Vugrin, KW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Carlsbad Programs Grp, Performance Assessment & Decis Anal Dept, 4100 Natl Pk Highway, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. EM kwvugri@sandia.gov; lpswile@sandia.gov; rmrober@sandia.gov NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR 16 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 3 AR W03423 DI 10.1029/2005WR004804 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 147UK UT WOS:000245027900002 ER PT J AU Gu, BH Ruan, CM AF Gu, Baohua Ruan, Chuanmin TI Determination of technetium and its speciation by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; HUMIC-ACID; SCATTERING; TC-99; COMPLEXES; REDUCTION; TC(IV); NANOPARTICLES; PERCHLORATE; COLLOIDS AB Technetium-99 (Tc) is an important radionuclide of concern, and there is a great need for its detection and speciation analysis in the environment. For the first time, we report that surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is capable of detecting an inorganic radioactive anion, pertechnetate (TcO4-), at similar to 10(-7) M concentration levels. The technique also allows the detection of various species of Tc such as oxidized Tc(VII) and reduced and possibly complexed Tc(IV) species by use of gold nanoparticles as a SERS substrate. The primary Raman scattering band of Tc(VII) occurs at about 904 cm(-1), whereas reduced Tc(IV) and its humic and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) complexes show scattering bands at about 866 and 870 cm(-1), respectively. Results also indicate that Tc(IV)-humic complexes are unstable and reoxidize to TcO4- upon exposure to oxygen. This study demonstrates that SERS could potentially offer a new tool and opportunity in studying Tc and its speciation and interactions in the environment at low concentrations. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gu, BH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM gub1@ornl.gov RI Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012 OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956 NR 31 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 6 BP 2341 EP 2345 DI 10.1021/ac062052y PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 145LR UT WOS:000244867100019 PM 17288465 ER PT J AU Harris, WA Reilly, PTA Whitten, WB AF Harris, William A. Reilly, Peter T. A. Whitten, William B. TI Detection of chemical warfare-related species on complex aerosol particles deposited on surfaces using an ion trap-based aerosol mass spectrometer SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED DIMENSIONS; AERODYNAMIC LENSES; NOZZLE EXPANSIONS; MICROPARTICLES; DIVERGENCE; INSTRUMENT; DEPLOYMENT; MOTION; BEAMS AB A new type of aerosol mass spectrometer was developed by minimal modification of an existing commercial ion trap to analyze the semivolatile components of aerosols in real time. An aerodynamic lens-based inlet system created a well-collimated particle beam that impacted into the heated ionization volume of the commercial ion trap mass spectrometer. The semivolatile components of the aerosols were thermally vaporized and ionized by electron impact or chemical ionization in the source. The nascent ions were extracted and injected into the ion trap for mass analysis. The utility of this instrument was demonstrated by identifying semivolatile analytes in complex aerosols. This study is part of an ongoing effort to develop methods for identifying chemical species related to CW agent exposure. Our efforts focused on detection of CW-related species doped on omnipresent aerosols such as house dust particles vacuumed from various surfaces found in any office building. The doped aerosols were sampled directly into the inlet of our mass spectrometer from the vacuumed particle stream. The semivolatile analytes were deposited on house dust and identified by positive ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry up to 2.5 h after deposition. Our results suggest that the observed semivolatile species may have been chemisorbed on some of the particle surfaces in submonolayer concentrations and may remain hours after deposition. This research suggests that identification of trace CW agent-related species should be feasible by this technique. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Reilly, PTA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS6142, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM ReillyPT@ornl.gov NR 15 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 6 BP 2354 EP 2358 DI 10.1021/ac0620664 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 145LR UT WOS:000244867100021 PM 17269653 ER PT J AU Cha, SW Yeung, ES AF Cha, Sangwon Yeung, Edward S. TI Colloidal graphite-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and MSn of small molecules. 1. Imaging of cerebrosides directly from rat brain tissue SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID THIN-LAYER-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MALDI-TOF-MS; IONIC LIQUID MATRICES; INTERMEDIATE-PRESSURE MALDI; OXIDIZED CARBON NANOTUBES; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; SAMPLE PREPARATION; SHOTGUN LIPIDOMICS; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; DESORPTION AB Graphite-assisted laser desorption/ionization (GALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) was investigated for analysis of cerebrosides in a complex total brain lipid extract. Conventional MALDI MS and GALDI MS were compared regarding lipid analysis by using high-vacuum (HV, < 10(-6) Torr) LDI time-of-flight mass spectrometry and intermediate-pressure (IP, 0.17 Torr) linear ion trap mass spectrometry. Cerebrosides were not detected or detected with low sensitivity in MALDI MS because of other dominant phospholipids. By using GALDI, cerebrosides were detected as intense mass peaks without prior separation from other lipid species while mass peaks corresponding to phosphatidylcholines (PCs) were weak. The signal increase for cerebrosides and the signal decrease for PCs in GALDI MS were more significant in HV than in IP. MSn experiments of precursor ions corresponding to cerebrosides and PCs in brain lipid extract were performed to identify the detected species and distinguish isobaric ions. Twenty-two cerebroside species were detected by GALDI whereas eight cerebroside species were detected by MALDI. Sulfatides in brain lipid extract were also easily detected by GALDI MS in the negative ion mode. By forming a colloidal graphite thin film on rat brain tissue, direct lipid profiling by imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) was performed. Chemically selective images for cerebrosides and sulfatides were successfully obtained. Imaging tandem mass spectrometry (IMS/MS) was performed to generate images of specific product ions from isobaric species. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Yeung, ES (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM yeung@ameslab.gov RI Cha, Sangwon/C-6917-2008 OI Cha, Sangwon/0000-0003-2819-3417 NR 83 TC 116 Z9 120 U1 4 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 6 BP 2373 EP 2385 DI 10.1021/ac062251h PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 145LR UT WOS:000244867100024 PM 17288467 ER PT J AU Belov, ME Buschbach, MA Prior, DC Tang, KQ Smith, RD AF Belov, Mikhail E. Buschbach, Michael A. Prior, David C. Tang, Keqi Smith, Richard D. TI Multiplexed ion mobility spectrometry-orthogonal time-of-flight mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA CHROMATOGRAPHY; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; ELECTROPHORESIS; PROSPECTS; DETECTOR; WATER AB Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) coupled to orthogonal time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF) has shown significant promise for the characterization of complex biological mixtures. The enormous complexity of biological samples (e.g., from proteomics) and the need for both biological and technical analysis replicates imposes major challenges for multidimensional separation platforms with regard to both sensitivity and sample throughput. A major potential attraction of the IMS-TOF MS platform is separation speeds exceeding that of conventional condensed-phase separations by orders of magnitude. Known limitations of the IMS-TOF MS platforms that presently mitigate this attraction include the need for extensive signal averaging due to factors that include significant ion losses in the IMS-TOF interface and an ion utilization efficiency of less than similar to 1% with continuous ion sources (e.g., ESI). We have developed a new multiplexed ESI-IMS-TOF mass spectrometer that enables lossless ion transmission through the IMS-TOF as well as a utilization efficiency of > 50% for ions from the ESI source. Initial results with a mixture of peptides show a similar to 10-fold increase in signal-to-noise ratio with the multiplexed approach compared to a signal averaging approach, with no reduction in either IMS or TOF MS resolution. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rds@pnl.gov RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR18522, P41 RR018522, P41 RR018522-04] NR 36 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 6 BP 2451 EP 2462 DI 10.1021/ac0617316 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 145LR UT WOS:000244867100033 PM 17305309 ER PT J AU Pingitore, F Tang, YJ Kruppa, GH Keasling, JD AF Pingitore, Francesco Tang, Yinjie Kruppa, Gary H. Keasling, Jay D. TI Analysis of amino acid isotopomers using FT-ICR MS SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID METABOLIC FLUX ANALYSIS; RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DESULFOVIBRIO-VULGARIS HILDENBOROUGH; GAS-PHASE BASICITIES; CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; PROTON AFFINITIES; C-13-LABELING EXPERIMENTS; FRAGMENTATION REACTIONS; CITRATE SYNTHASE; ION CHEMISTRY AB Fluxes through known metabolic pathways and the presence of novel metabolic reactions are often determined by feeding isotopically labeled substrate to an organism and then determining the isotopomer distribution in amino acids in proteins. However, commonly used techniques to measure the isotopomer distributions require derivatization prior to analysis (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS)) or large sample sizes (nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy). Here, we demonstrate the use of Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry with direct infusion via electrospray ionization to rapidly measure the amino acid isotopomer distribution in a biomass hydrolysate of the soil bacterium Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough. By applying high front-end resolution for the precursor ion selection followed by sustained off-resonance irradiation collision-induced dissociation, it was possible to determine exactly and unambiguously the specific locations of the labeled atoms in the amino acids, which usually requires a combination of 2-D C-13 NMR spectroscopy and GC/MS. This method should be generally applicable to all biomass samples and will allow more accurate determination of metabolic fluxes with less work and less sample. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Virtual Inst Microbial Stress & Survival, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Bruker Dalton Inc, Fremont, CA 94538 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Keasling, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Virtual Inst Microbial Stress & Survival, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM keasling@berkeley.edu RI Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012 OI Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088 NR 65 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 6 BP 2483 EP 2490 DI 10.1021/ac061906b PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 145LR UT WOS:000244867100036 PM 17305312 ER PT J AU Silver, GL AF Silver, G. L. TI Operational measures of central tendency SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE central tendency; interpolation; mean; median; operational equations ID DIAMOND CONFIGURATION; 3-DIMENSIONAL GRIDS; SLOPE ESTIMATIONS; CUBE AB The shifting operator provides new formulas for estimating the center of data obtained by repeated attempts to measure a response. The data are sorted by magnitude and the estimates are based on polynomial- and exponential-type formulas. The estimators are easy to apply. On known examples they can be more accurate than the mean and the median. They permit differentiation of the center point estimate with respect to any datum. A test is described for assigning the parameters S, T, and W in operational, polynomial equations for the nine-point cube. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Silver, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E517, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gsilver@lanl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0096-3003 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 186 IS 2 BP 1379 EP 1384 DI 10.1016/j.amc.2006.07.130 PG 6 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 163MK UT WOS:000246163800045 ER PT J AU Silver, GL AF Silver, G. L. TI Analysis of three-dimensional grids: Interpolating the nine-point prism. The shifting operator as an analytical instrument SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE response surface; experimental design; Cube; differentiation; operational equations AB A new equation for interpolating the nine-point prism by the circular or hyperbolic functions is illustrated. It is useful for estimating linear-term coefficients. New formulas for analytic and numerical differentiation and integration are obtained by the shifting operator. They are illustrated by examples. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Silver, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E517, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gsilver@lanl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0096-3003 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 186 IS 2 BP 1694 EP 1700 DI 10.1016/j.amc.2006.08.076 PG 7 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 163MK UT WOS:000246163800077 ER PT J AU Jiang, SM Li, CH Zhang, WW Cai, YH Yang, YL Yang, S Jiang, WH AF Jiang, Shimin Li, Chunhong Zhang, Weiwen Cai, Yuanheng Yang, Yunliu Yang, Sheng Jiang, Weihong TI Directed evolution and structural analysis of N-carbamoyl-D-amino acid amidohydrolase provide insights into recombinant protein solubility in Escherichia coli SO BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE N-carbamoyl-D-amino acid amidohydrolase; directed evolution; negative charge; protein folding; protein solubility ID D-P-HYDROXYPHENYLGLYCINE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; D-HYDANTOINASE; IN-VIVO; MUTAGENESIS; EXPRESSION; AGGREGATION; MUTATIONS; GENOMICS; PEPTIDE AB One of the greatest bottlenecks in producing recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli is that over-expressed target proteins are mostly present in an insoluble form without any biological activity. DCase (N-carbamoyl-D-amino acid amidohydrolase) is an important enzyme involved in semi-synthesis of beta-lactam antibiotics in industry. In the present study, in order to determine the amino acid sites responsible for solubility of DCase, errorprone PCR and DNA shuffling techniques were applied to randomly mutate its coding sequence, followed by an efficient screening based on structural complementation. Several mutants of DCase with reduced aggregation were isolated. Solubility tests of these and several other mutants generated by site-directed mutagenesis indicated that three amino acid residues of DCase (Ala(18), Tyr(30) and Lys(34)) are involved in its protein solubility. In silico structural modelling analyses suggest further that hydrophilicity and/or negative charge at these three residues may be responsible for the increased solubility of DCase proteins in E. coli. Based on this information, multiple engineering designated mutants were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis, among them a triple mutant A18T/Y30N/K34E (named DCaseM3) could be overexpressed in E. coli and up to 80% of it was soluble. DCase-M3 was purified to homogeneity and a comparative analysis with wild-type DCase demonstrated that DCase-M3 enzyme was similar to the native DCase in terms of its kinetic and thermodynamic properties. The present study provides new insights into recombinant protein solubility in E. coli. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Mol Microbiol Lab, Inst Plant Physiol & Ecol, Shanghai 200032, Peoples R China. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Microbiol, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Pasteur Shanghai, Shanghai 200025, Peoples R China. RP Jiang, WH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Mol Microbiol Lab, Inst Plant Physiol & Ecol, Shanghai 200032, Peoples R China. EM whjiang@sibs.ac.cn RI Yang, Sheng/G-1606-2010 OI Yang, Sheng/0000-0003-3742-9989 NR 42 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 11 PU PORTLAND PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA CHARLES DARWIN HOUSE, 12 ROGER STREET, LONDON WC1N 2JU, ENGLAND SN 0264-6021 EI 1470-8728 J9 BIOCHEM J JI Biochem. J. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 402 BP 429 EP 437 DI 10.1042/BJ20061457 PN 3 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 146NO UT WOS:000244941400003 PM 17121498 ER PT J AU Gu, SY Anderson, I Kunin, V Cipriano, M Minovitsky, S Weber, G Amenta, N Hamann, B Dubchak, I AF Gu, Shengyin Anderson, Iain Kunin, Victor Cipriano, Michael Minovitsky, Simon Weber, Gunther Amenta, Nina Hamann, Bernd Dubchak, Inna TI TreeQ-VISTA: an interactive tree visualization tool with functional annotation query capabilities SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID REPEATS; ASSOCIATIONS; GENES AB We describe a general multiplatform exploratory tool called TreeQ-Vista, designed for presenting functional annotations in a phylogenetic context. Traits, such as phenotypic and genomic properties, are interactively queried from a user-provided relational database with a user-friendly interface which provides a set of tools for users with or without SQL knowledge. The query results are projected onto a phylogenetic tree and can be displayed in multiple color groups. A rich set of browsing, grouping and query tools are provided to facilitate trait exploration, comparison and analysis. C1 Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Calif Davis, IDAV, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dubchak, I (reprint author), Joint Genome Inst, 2800 Mitchell Dr, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM vista@lbl.gov OI Weber, Gunther/0000-0002-1794-1398 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 6 BP 764 EP 766 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btl643 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 154MN UT WOS:000245511800015 PM 17234642 ER PT J AU Laurence, TA Kwon, Y Yin, E Hollars, CW Camarero, JA Barsky, D AF Laurence, Ted A. Kwon, Youngeun Yin, Eric Hollars, Christopher W. Camarero, Julio A. Barsky, Daniel TI Correlation spectroscopy of minor fluorescent species: Signal purification and distribution analysis SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; DNA-POLYMERASE-III; SINGLE-MOLECULE; IDENTIFICATION; DYNAMICS; FLUCTUATIONS; EXCITATION; COMPLEXES; DIFFUSION; CLAMP AB We are performing experiments that use fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to monitor the movement of an individual donor-labeled sliding clamp protein molecule along acceptor-labeled DNA. In addition to the FRET signal sought from the sliding clamp-DNA complexes, the detection channel for FRET contains undesirable signal from free sliding clamp and free DNA. When multiple fluorescent species contribute to a correlation signal, it is difficult or impossible to distinguish between contributions from individual species. As a remedy, we introduce "purified FCS'', which uses single molecule burst analysis to select a species of interest and extract the correlation signal for further analysis. We show that by expanding the correlation region around a burst, the correlated signal is retained and the functional forms of FCS fitting equations remain valid. We demonstrate the use of purified FCS in experiments with DNA sliding clamps. We also introduce "single-molecule FCS'', which obtains diffusion time estimates for each burst using expanded correlation regions. By monitoring the detachment of weakly-bound 30-mer DNA oligomers from a single-stranded DNA plasmid, we show that single-molecule FCS can distinguish between bursts from species that differ by a factor of 5 in diffusion constant. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Laurence, TA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. EM laurence2@llnl.gov RI Laurence, Ted/E-4791-2011; Camarero, Julio/A-9628-2015 OI Laurence, Ted/0000-0003-1474-779X; NR 31 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 92 IS 6 BP 2184 EP 2198 DI 10.1529/biophysj.106.093591 PG 15 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 141DQ UT WOS:000244558200033 PM 17189306 ER PT J AU Yilma, S Liu, NG Samoylov, A Lo, T Brinker, CJ Vodyanoy, V AF Yilma, Solomon Liu, Nangou Samoylov, Alexander Lo, Ting Brinker, C. Jeffrey Vodyanoy, Vitaly TI Amphotericin B channels in phospholipid membrane-coated nanoporous silicon surfaces: Implications for photovoltaic driving of ions across membranes SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE amphotericin B; cholesterol; nanoporous surfaces; photovoltaic ID LIPID-BILAYER-MEMBRANES; RECONSTITUTED AMPA RECEPTORS; MONOLAYERS; APERTURES; PROTEIN; PORES AB The antimycotic agent amphotericin B (AmB) functions by forming complexes with sterols to form ion channels that cause membrane leakage. When AmB and cholesterol mixed at 2:1 ratio were incorporated into phospholipid bilayer membranes formed on the tip of patch pipettes, ion channel current fluctuations with characteristic open and closed states were observed. These channels were also functional in phospholipid membranes formed on nanoporous silicon surfaces. Electrophysiological studies of AmB-cholesterol mixtures that were incorporated into phospholipid membranes formed on the surface of nanoporous (6.5 nm pore diameter) silicon plates revealed large conductance ion channels (similar to 300 pS) with distinct open and closed states. Currents through the AmB-cholesterol channels on nanoporous silicon surfaces can be driven by voltage applied via conventional electrical circuits or by photovoltaic electrical potential entirely generated when the nanoporous silicon surface is illuminated with a narrow laser beam. Electrical recordings made during laser illumination of AmB-cholesterol containing membrane-coated nanoporous silicon surfaces revealed very large conductance ion channels with distinct open and closed states. Our findings indicate that nanoporous silicon surfaces can serve as mediums for ion-channel-based biosensors. The photovoltaic properties of nanoporous silicon surfaces show great promise for making such biosensors addressable via optical technologies. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Anat Physiol & Pharmacol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr Micro Engn Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Vodyanoy, V (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Anat Physiol & Pharmacol, 109 Greene Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM vodyavi@vetmed.auburn.edu NR 29 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 22 IS 8 BP 1605 EP 1611 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2006.07.012 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 142US UT WOS:000244676300006 PM 16904886 ER PT J AU Hiatt, EE Kyser, TK Fayek, M Polito, P Holk, GJ Riciputi, LR AF Hiatt, Eric E. Kyser, T. Kurtis Fayek, Mostafa Polito, Paul Holk, Gregory J. Riciputi, Lee R. TI Early quartz cements and evolution of paleohydraulic properties of basal sandstones in three Paleoproterozoic continental basins: Evidence from in situ delta O-18 analysis of quartz cements SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE quartz cement; diagenesis; ion probe; hydrology; oxygen isotope ID OXYGEN ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; PROTEROZOIC ATHABASCA BASIN; ILLINOIS BASIN; NORTHERN SASKATCHEWAN; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; SEDIMENTARY BASINS; DIAGENETIC QUARTZ; DETRITAL QUARTZ; THELON BASIN; CANADA AB Quartz cement microstratigraphy and high precision in situ delta O-18 values obtained by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) from mu m-size quartz cement zones have been used here to determine the timing of cementation and to evaluate precipitation mechanisms within the basal sandstones of three economically significant Paleoproterozoic basins, the Athabasca and Thelon basins, Canada, and the McArthur Basin, Australia. In these examples, the earliest quartz cements have the highest delta O-18 values (up to 33 parts per thousand; mean=26.0 parts per thousand, V-SMOW) indicative of low temperature precipitation at depths of 0 to 1.1 km. Some paragenctically early cement phases, however, have lighter isotopic values that suggest either precipitation from isotopically depleted water or precipitation at higher temperatures. Subsequent generations of quartz cements have progressively lower delta O-18 values (mean=+16.1 +/- 3%.) consistent with precipitation at higher temperatures. These data combined with petrographic observations indicate quartz cementation began in near-surface vadose and phreatic zones; the next stage of cementation is characterized by syntaxial burial cement overgrowths. Regionally and stratigraphically, well-sorted sandstone facies that were initially aquifers preferentially experienced early quartz cementation, which resulted in cement-bridged pore throats at relatively shallow depths of 0-2 km and very early in their burial history transforming these units into diagenetic aquitards. As a result, these units did not experience mineralization. Compositionally and texturally immature braided fluvial facies did not experience early addition of quartz cement, but are instead marked by minor syntaxial overgrowth cement that make up < 5% of the intergranular volume, fon-ned at depths of 3-5 km, and were variably replaced by illite and chlorite during burial. These lithologies were still open to fluid movement at critical times in the basin when U and Pb-Zn-Ag deposits formed, and as a result experienced mineralization. Because of these relationships, the hydraulic properties of these Proterozoic sandstones would be difficult to predict based simply on their original texture. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. Queens Univ, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Univ Tennessee, Dept Geol Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Geol, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hiatt, EE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. EM hiatt@uwosh.edu OI Hiatt, Eric/0000-0002-0004-2492 NR 62 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 238 IS 1-2 BP 19 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.10.012 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 147HZ UT WOS:000244995300002 ER PT J AU Van Nostrand, JD Khijniak, TJ Neely, B Sattar, MA Sowder, AG Mills, G Bertsch, PM Morris, PJ AF Van Nostrand, Joy D. Khijniak, Tatiana J. Neely, Benjamin Sattar, M. Abdus Sowder, Andrew G. Mills, Gary Bertsch, Paul M. Morris, Pamela J. TI Reduction of nickel and uranium toxicity and enhanced trichloroethylene degradation to Burkholderia vietnamiensis PR1(301) with hydroxyapatite amendment SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-METALS; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS; URANYL-ION; BIODEGRADATION; IMMOBILIZATION; REMEDIATION; SORPTION; PSEUDOMONADS; GROUNDWATER; KINETICS AB The use of hydroxyapatite (HA) to sequester metals at mixed waste sites may reduce metal toxicity and facilitate microbial degradation of cocontaminant organics. The constitutive trichloroethylene (TCE) degrader, Burkholderia vietnamiensis PR1(301), grew at 34.1 and 1.7 mM Ni at pH 5 and 7, respectively, with 0.01 g mL(-1) HA compared to 17 and 0.85 mM Ni without HA. PR1 grew at 4.2 mM U at pH 5 and 7 with 0.01 g mL(-1) HA compared to 1.1 mM U without HA. A similar decrease in the toxicity of Ni and U in combination was observed with HA. The ability of PR1 to degrade TCE at 0.85, 1.7, and 3.4 mM Ni and at 0.42 and 1.1 mM U was examined. The presence of TCE resulted in a decreased tolerance of PR1 to Ni and U; however, HA facilitated TCE degradation in the presence of Ni and U, effectively doubling the metal concentrations at which TCE degradation proceeded. These studies suggest that metal sequestration via HA amendments may offer a feasible approach to reducing metal toxicity to microorganisms at mixed waste sites, thereby enhancing the degradation of cocontaminant organics. C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biostat & Bioinformat, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Morris, PJ (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM morrisp@musc.edu RI Khijniak, Tatiana/D-7346-2014; Van Nostrand, Joy/F-1740-2016 OI Van Nostrand, Joy/0000-0001-9548-6450 NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1877 EP 1882 DI 10.1021/es0616581 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 145HE UT WOS:000244855100019 PM 17410778 ER PT J AU Levine, J Renne, PR Muller, RA AF Levine, Jonathan Renne, Paul R. Muller, Richard A. TI Solar and cosmogenic argon in dated lunar impact spherules SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ENERGETIC PARTICLES; IRRADIATION RECORDS; REGOLITH MATERIALS; AR-40/AR-39 AGE; MINERAL GRAINS; NOBLE-GASES; WIND; NEON; SAMPLES; HELIUM AB We have studied lunar impact spherules from the Apollo 12 and Apollo 14 landing sites, examining the isotopic composition of argon released by stepwise heating. Elsewhere, we reported the formation ages of these spherules, determined by the Ar-40/Ar-39 isochron method. Here, we discuss solar and cosmogenic argon from the same spherules, separating these two components by correlating their partial releases with the releases of calcium-derived Ar-37 on a "cosmochron" diagram. We use the abundances of cosmogenic argon to derive a cosmic ray exposure age for each spherule, and demonstrate that single scoops of lunar soil contain spherules which have experienced very different histories of exposure and burial. The solar argon is seen to be separated into isotopically lighter and heavier fractions, which presumably were implanted to different depths in the spherules. The abundance of the isotopically heavy solar argon is too great to explain as a minor constituent of the solar particle flux, such as the suprathermal tail of the solar wind. The fact that the spherules have been individually dated allows us to look for possible variations in the solar wind as a function of time, over the history of the Solar System. However, the isotopic composition and fluence of solar argon preserved in the lunar spherules appear to be independent of formation age. We believe that most of the spherules are saturated with solar argon, having reached a condition in which implantation by the solar wind is offset by losses from solar-wind sputtering and diffusion. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Chicago, Chicago Ctr Cosmochem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Levine, J (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Chicago Ctr Cosmochem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM jlevine@geosci.uchicago.edu NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 6 BP 1624 EP 1635 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.11.034 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 148OT UT WOS:000245085200017 ER PT J AU Koch, D Bond, TC Streets, D Unger, N AF Koch, Dorothy Bond, Tami C. Streets, David Unger, Nadine TI Linking future aerosol radiative forcing to shifts in source activities SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BLACK CARBON; EMISSIONS; SIMULATIONS; TRANSPORT; SULFATE; MODELE; RANGE AB We model future direct radiative forcings of the major anthropogenic aerosol species, sulfate, black and organic carbon, within industrial, power, transport, and residential sectors and biomass burning. A sectoral perspective helps to inform mitigation directions. More accurate projections are facilitated by recent carbonaceous aerosol emission estimates that incorporate projected technology changes, now available for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenarios A1B and B1, for 2030 and 2050. Net present-day model anthropogenic forcing is -0.11W m(-2). By 2050 this doubles ( A1B) or drops by 30% ( B1), depending mostly on sulfate changes in the industry and power sectors. Present-day (nonbiomass burning) BC forcing comes mostly from residential sources (+0.09 W m(-2)), however this is projected to decrease by more than a factor of 10 by 2050. Future BC forcing is projected to come mostly from transport, changing from +0.06 W m(-2) in 2000 to +0.04 (B1) or +0.07 W m(-2) (A1B) by 2050. C1 Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Koch, D (reprint author), Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM dkoch@giss.nasa.gov RI Bond, Tami/A-1317-2013; Unger, Nadine/M-9360-2015 OI Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350; Bond, Tami/0000-0001-5968-8928; NR 19 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 5 AR L05821 DI 10.1029/2006GL028360 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 147PY UT WOS:000245016100001 ER PT J AU Lobell, DB Bonfils, C Duffy, PB AF Lobell, David B. Bonfils, Celine Duffy, Philip B. TI Climate change uncertainty for daily minimum and maximum temperatures: A model inter-comparison SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SOIL-MOISTURE; CLOUD COVER; SIMULATIONS; PRECIPITATION; EXTREMES; RANGE; 20TH-CENTURY; TRENDS AB Several impacts of climate change may depend more on changes in mean daily minimum (T-min) or maximum (T-max) temperatures than daily averages. To evaluate uncertainties in these variables, we compared projections of T-min and T-max changes by 2046-2065 for 12 climate models under an A2 emission scenario. Average modeled changes in T-min were similar to those for T-max, with slightly greater increases in T-min consistent with historical trends exhibiting a reduction in diurnal temperature ranges. In contrast, the inter-model variability of T-min and T-max projections exhibited substantial differences. For example, inter-model standard deviations of June - August T-max changes were more than 50% greater than for T-min throughout much of North America, Europe, and Asia. Model differences in cloud changes, which exert relatively greater influence on T-max during summer and T-min during winter, were identified as the main source of uncertainty disparities. These results highlight the importance of considering separately projections for T-max and T-min when assessing climate change impacts, even in cases where average projected changes are similar. In addition, impacts that are most sensitive to summertime T-min or wintertime T-max may be more predictable than suggested by analyses using only projections of daily average temperatures. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA USA. RP Lobell, DB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808 L-103, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM lobell2@llnl.gov RI Bonfils, Celine/H-2356-2012 OI Bonfils, Celine/0000-0002-4674-5708 NR 23 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 5 AR L05715 DI 10.1029/2006GL028726 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 147PY UT WOS:000245016100002 ER PT J AU Tartakovsky, DM AF Tartakovsky, Daniel M. TI Probabilistic risk analysis in subsurface hydrology SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER; UNCERTAINTY; MANAGEMENT; FIELD; MODEL AB We present a general framework for probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) of subsurface contamination. PRA provides a natural venue for the rigorous quantification of structural (model) and parametric uncertainties inherent in predictions of subsurface flow and transport. A typical PRA starts by identifying relevant components of a subsurface system (e.g., a buried solid-waste tank, an aquitard, a remediation effort) and proceeds by using uncertainty quantification techniques to estimate the probabilities of their failure. These probabilities are then combined by means of fault-tree analyses to yield probabilistic estimates of the risk of system failure (e.g., aquifer contamination). Since PRA relies on subjective probabilities, it is ideally suited for assimilation of expert judgment and causal relationships. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Tartakovsky, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM dmt@ucsd.edu RI Tartakovsky, Daniel/E-7694-2013 NR 25 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 5 AR L05404 DI 10.1029/2007GL029245 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 147PY UT WOS:000245016100008 ER PT J AU Brown, MA Rosakis, AJ Feng, X Huang, Y Ustundag, E AF Brown, M. A. Rosakis, A. J. Feng, X. Huang, Y. Ustundag, Ersan TI Thin film substrate systems featuring arbitrary film thickness and misfit strain distributions. Part II: Experimental validation of the non-local stress curvature relations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Physics and Mechanics of Advanced Materials CY JAN, 2007 CL Inst Mat Res & Engn, Singapore, SINGAPORE SP Mat Res Soc Singapore HO Inst Mat Res & Engn DE thin film; X-ray microdiffraction; non-local stress/curvature relations ID METAL INTERCONNECTS; LINES; DEFORMATION; TEMPERATURE; INSTABILITY; NONUNIFORM; EVOLUTION; TUNGSTEN; RANGE AB The classical Stoney formula relating local equibiaxial film stress to local equibiaxial substrate curvature is not well equipped to handle realistic cases where the film misfit strain, the plate system curvature, and the film thickness and resulting film stress vary with in-plane position. In Part I of this work we have extended the Stoney formula to cover arbitrarily non-uniform film thickness for a thin film/substrate system subject to non-uniform, isotropic misfit strains. The film stresses are found to depend non-locally on system curvatures. In Part II we have designed a demanding experiment whose purpose is to validate the new analysis for the case of radially symmetric deformations. To achieve this, a circular film island with sharp edges and a radially variable, but known, thickness is deposited on the wafer center. The plate system's curvatures and the film stress distribution are independently measured by using white beam and monochromatic X-ray microdiffraction (mu XRD) measurements. respectively. The measured stress field (from monochromatic mu XRD) is compared to the predictions of various stress/curvature analyses, all of which have the white beam mu XRD measurements as input. The results reveal the shortcomings of the "local" Stoney approach and validate the accuracy of the new "non-local" relation. most notably near the film island edges where stress concentrations dominate. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. CALTECH, Grad Aeronaut Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Feng, X (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, 1206 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM xuefeng@uiuc.edu RI Ustundag, Ersan/C-1258-2009; Huang, Yonggang/B-6998-2009; Feng, Xue/B-5063-2008 OI Ustundag, Ersan/0000-0002-0812-7028; Feng, Xue/0000-0001-9242-8474 NR 22 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1755 EP 1767 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2006.10.015 PG 13 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 141KE UT WOS:000244576400007 ER PT J AU Tan, H Huang, Y Liu, C Ravichandran, G Inglis, HM Geubelle, PH AF Tan, H. Huang, Y. Liu, C. Ravichandran, G. Inglis, H. M. Geubelle, P. H. TI The uniaxial tension of particulate composite materials with nonlinear interface debonding SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Physics and Mechanics of Advanced Materials CY JAN, 2007 CL Inst Mat Res & Engn, Singapore, SINGAPORE SP Mat Res Soc Singapore HO Inst Mat Res & Engn DE interface debonding; size effect; homogenization; particulate composites; constitutive equation ID SELF-CONSISTENT MECHANICS; MICROMECHANICS MODELS; CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; CONTINUUM MODEL; HIGH EXPLOSIVES; PROPELLANTS; INCLUSIONS; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR; FAILURE AB Debonding of particle/matrix interfaces can significantly affect the macroscopic behavior of composite material. We have used a nonlinear cohesive law for particle/matrix interfaces to study interface debonding and its effect on particulate composite materials subject to uniaxial tension. The dilute solution shows that, at a fixed particle volume fraction, small particles lead to hardening behavior of the composite while large particles yield softening behavior. Interface debonding of large particles is unstable since the interface opening (and sliding) displacement(s) may have a sudden jump as the applied strain increases, which is called the catastrophic debonding. A simple estimate is given for the critical particle radius that separates the hardening and softening behavior of the composite. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CALTECH, Grad Aeronaut Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Aerosp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Huang, Y (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, 1206 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM htan@uiuc.edu; huang9@uiuc.edu RI Inglis, Helen /B-2944-2009; Huang, Yonggang/B-6998-2009 OI Inglis, Helen /0000-0002-5111-0299; NR 34 TC 36 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1809 EP 1822 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2006.09.004 PG 14 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 141KE UT WOS:000244576400010 ER PT J AU Ahn, DC Sofronis, P Kumar, M Belak, J Minich, R AF Ahn, D. C. Sofronis, P. Kumar, M. Belak, J. Minich, R. TI Void growth by dislocation-loop emission SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC FRACTURE; STRESS; GENERATION; COHERENCY; CRYSTALS; MATRIX; ENERGY; SIZE AB Experimental results from spall tests on aluminum reveal the presence of a dense dislocation structure in an annulus around a void that grew under the tensile pulse when a shock wave was reflected at the free surface of the specimen. The proposition is that dislocation emission from the void surface under load is a viable mechanism for void growth. To understand void growth in the absence of diffusive effects, the interstitial-loop emission mechanism under tensile hydrostatic stress is investigated. First, the micromechanics of pile-up formation when interstitial loops are emitted from a void under applied macroscopic loading is reviewed. Demand for surface energy expenditure upon void-surface change is taken into consideration. It is demonstrated that in face-centered cubic metals loop emission from voids with a radius of similar to 10 nm is indeed energetically possible in the hydrostatic stress environment generated by shock loading. On the other hand, the levels of hydrostatic stress prevalent in common structural applications are not sufficient to drive loops at equilibrium positions above a similar to 10 nm void. However, for voids larger than about 100 nm, the energetics of loop emission are easily met as a necessary condition even under the low stress environment prevalent in structural applications. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Sofronis, P (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, 1206 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM sofronis@uiuc.edu NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 6 AR 063514 DI 10.1063/1.2710346 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 151VA UT WOS:000245317700035 ER PT J AU Buttler, WT Zellner, MB Olson, RT Rigg, PA Hixson, RS Hammerberg, JE Obst, AW Payton, JR Iverson, A Young, J AF Buttler, W. T. Zellner, M. B. Olson, R. T. Rigg, P. A. Hixson, R. S. Hammerberg, J. E. Obst, A. W. Payton, J. R. Iverson, A. Young, J. TI Dynamic comparisons of piezoelectric ejecta diagnostics SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SHOCKED SURFACES; FLOW AB We investigate the quantitative reliability and precision of three different piezoelectric technologies for measuring ejected areal mass from shocked surfaces. Specifically we performed ejecta measurements on Sn shocked at two pressures, P approximate to 215 and 235 kbar. The shock in the Sn was created by launching a impactor with a powder gun. We self-compare and cross-compare these measurements to assess the ability of these probes to precisely determine the areal mass ejected from a shocked surface. We demonstrate the precision of each technology to be good, with variabilities on the order of +/- 10%. We also discuss their relative accuracy. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Secur Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Buttler, WT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 6 AR 063547 DI 10.1063/1.2712177 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 151VA UT WOS:000245317700068 ER PT J AU Carroll, MS Verley, JC Sheng, JJ Banks, J AF Carroll, M. S. Verley, J. C. Sheng, J. J. Banks, J. TI Roughening transition in nanoporous hydrogenated amorphous germanium: Roughness correlation to film stress SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; SILICON; GROWTH AB Hydrogenated amorphous germanium (a-Ge:H) is a material of interest for optoelectronic applications such as solar cells and radiation detectors because of the material's potential to extend the wavelength sensitivity of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H). An increase in porosity is observed in amorphous germanium compared to a-Si:H, and this increase in porosity has been correlated with a degradation of the electrical performance. Improved understanding of the mechanisms of porous formation in a-Ge:H films is therefore desirable in order to better control it. In this paper we describe a correlation between film stress and surface roughness, which evolves with increasing thickness of a-Ge:H. A roughening transition from planar two-dimensional growth to three-dimensional growth at a critical thickness less than 800 A results in a network of needlelike nanotrench cavities which stretch from the transition thickness to the surface in films up to 4000 A thick. Surface roughness measurements by atomic force microscope and transmission electron microscopy indicate that the transition is abrupt and that the roughness increases linearly after the transition thickness. The roughening transition thickness is, furthermore, found to correlate with the maxima of the integrated compressive stress. The compressive stress is reduced after this transition thickness due to the incorporation of nanovoids into the film that introduce tensile stress as the islands coalesce together. The roughening transition behavior is similar to that found in a general class of Volmer-Weber mode thin film deposition (e.g., Cu, Ag, and nonhydrogenated amorphous silicon), which offers additional insight into the underlying mechanisms of the stress and roughening in these a-Ge:H films. The suppression of the roughening transition by changing the kinetics of the deposition rates (e.g., slowing the deposition rate with a weak sputtering bias) is also observed and discussed. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Carroll, MS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mscarro@sandia.gov RI Verley, Jason/C-2026-2008 OI Verley, Jason/0000-0003-2184-677X NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 6 AR 063540 DI 10.1063/1.2433699 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 151VA UT WOS:000245317700061 ER PT J AU Glover, BB Perry, WL AF Glover, Brian B. Lee Perry, W. TI Observation of localized charge transport in isolated microscopic mats of single-wall carbon nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITES; FILMS AB We have formulated a composite consisting of a low dielectric permittivity, low loss granular organic crystal, and 0.1% single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The composite morphology was electrically isolated "mats" of SWNTs distributed on the surface of individual crystals having a typical particle size of 20 mu m. The real part of the composite permittivity (relative) was not significantly different from that of the matrix material (similar to 2.0), while the dielectric loss increased from 0.0035 to 0.3 at 2.45 GHz. We used Maxwell-Garnett mixing theory, which accounts for interfacial polarization, to calculate complex permittivity and conductivity of the SWNT mats. The results indicated weak electrical contact between SWNTs within the mats, implying that localized electron transport was the primary dielectric loss mechanism. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Glover, BB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wperry@lanl.gov OI Perry, William/0000-0003-1993-122X NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 6 AR 064309 DI 10.1063/1.2561850 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 151VA UT WOS:000245317700132 ER PT J AU Perry, WL Tappan, BC Reardon, BL Sanders, VE Son, SF AF Lee Perry, W. Tappan, Bryce C. Reardon, Bettina L. Sanders, Victor E. Son, Steven F. TI Energy release characteristics of the nanoscale aluminum-tungsten oxide hydrate metastable intermolecular composite SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Tungsten oxides are of interest as an oxidant for metals in metastable intermolecular composites (MICs), a reactive nanoscale powder useful for such applications as electric matches and gun primers. Smaller particles typically lead to fast reaction rates in this class of energetic material, and we have synthesized nanoscale WO3 center dot H2O using wet chemistry. Analysis by electron microscopy and small angle x-ray scattering revealed an approximately 100-nm-wide by 7-nm-thick platelet morphology. X-ray diffraction verified the orthorhombic structure and composition of the hydrate. A MIC material was formulated using 44 nm Al as the fuel. Performance was measured using a pressure cell where total enthalpy change and energy release rate was measured. This report includes the thermodynamic analysis of the pressure cell (calorimetry) that allows the determination of these metrics. Accuracy of the technique is discussed. Performance of the hydrate was found to significantly exceed that of MIC formulated with dehydrated tungsten oxide for one formulation, having an energy release of approximately 1.8 MJ/kg at a rate of approximately 215 GW/m(2), compared to around 1.1 MJ/kg at a rate of around 130 GW/m(2) for the dehydrated formulation. The data show that the enhanced behavior of the hydrated MIC formulation resulted from the reaction of aluminum with the interstitially bound water, which had additional energy release and generated hydrogen gas. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Expt Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Perry, WL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Expt Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wperry@lanl.gov OI Perry, William/0000-0003-1993-122X; Son, Steven/0000-0001-7498-2922 NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 6 AR 064313 DI 10.1063/1.2435797 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 151VA UT WOS:000245317700136 ER PT J AU Scharf, TW Ohlhausen, JA Tallant, DR Prasad, SV AF Scharf, T. W. Ohlhausen, J. A. Tallant, D. R. Prasad, S. V. TI Mechanisms of friction in diamondlike nanocomposite coatings SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SOLID LUBRICANT COATINGS; CARBON COATINGS; TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR; WEAR BEHAVIOR; THERMAL-STABILITY; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; SPECTRAL IMAGES; SLIDING WEAR AB Diamondlike nanocomposite (DLN) coatings (C:H:Si:O) processed from siloxane precursors by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition are well known for their low friction and wear behaviors. In the current study, we have investigated the fundamental mechanisms of friction and interfacial shear strength in DLN coatings and the roles of contact stress and environment on their tribological behavior. Friction and wear measurements were performed from 0.25 to 0.6 GPa contact pressures in three environments: dry (< 1% RH) nitrogen, dry (< 1% RH) air, and humid (50% RH) air, with precise control of dew point and oxygen content. At 0.3 GPa contact stress, the coefficient of friction (COF) in dry nitrogen was extremely low, similar to 0.02, whereas in humid air it increased to similar to 0.2, with minimal amount of wear in both environments. The coatings also exhibited non-Amontonian friction behavior, with COF decreasing with an increase in Hertzian contact stress. The main mechanism responsible for low friction and wear under varying contact stresses and environments is governed by the interfacial sliding between the DLN coating and the friction-induced transfer film adhered to the ball counterface. This interfacial shear strength, computed from COF-inverse Hertzian contact stress plots, was found to be 9 MPa in dry nitrogen and 78 MPa in humid air. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy analysis of the interfaces (wear tracks and transfer films) was used to explain the tribochemical effects in both environments. The transfer films generated in humid air were found to be enriched with SiO2 containing fragments, whereas those formed in dry nitrogen had hydrogenated and long range ordered carbons with practically no SiO2 fragments, ultimately resulting in much lower interfacial shear strength and COF. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Scharf, TW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM scharf@unt.edu NR 57 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 6 AR 063521 DI 10.1063/1.2711147 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 151VA UT WOS:000245317700042 ER PT J AU Shin, H Park, JS Hong, KS Jung, HS Lee, JK Rhee, KY AF Shin, Hyunho Park, Jong-Sung Hong, Kug Sun Jung, Hyun Suk Lee, Jung-Kun Rhee, Kyong Yop TI Physical origin of residual thermal stresses in a multilayer ceramic capacitor SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; ELECTRODE AB The physical origin of the residual stresses developed in the ceramic layer of the active region in a multilayer ceramic capacitor was numerically investigated. The compressive in-plane stress components sigma(11) and sigma(22) originate without regard to the presence of the margins but rather from the difference in in-plane thermal shrinkage between ceramic and metal electrode. The out-of-plane stress component sigma(33) physically originates mainly through the presence of the housing margin; the presence of the lateral margin is a minor source: the more ceramic-rich margins hinder the apparent vertical shrinkage of the active region to yield tensile sigma(33). (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. Kangnung Natl Univ, Dept Ceram Engn, Kangnung 210702, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Kyung Hee Univ, Sch Mech & Ind Syst Engn, Yongin 449701, South Korea. RP Hong, KS (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. EM kshongss@plaza.snu.ac.kr RI Jung, Hyun Suk/H-3659-2015; OI Jung, Hyun Suk/0000-0002-7803-6930 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 6 AR 063527 DI 10.1063/1.2713364 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 151VA UT WOS:000245317700048 ER PT J AU Wang, YD Ren, Y Nie, ZH Liu, DM Zuo, L Choo, H Li, H Liaw, PK Yan, JQ McQueeney, RJ Richardson, JW Huq, A AF Wang, Y. D. Ren, Y. Nie, Z. H. Liu, D. M. Zuo, L. Choo, H. Li, H. Liaw, P. K. Yan, J. Q. McQueeney, R. J. Richardson, J. W. Huq, A. TI Structural transition of ferromagnetic Ni2MnGa nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NI-MN-GA; SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOYS; PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MARTENSITIC TRANSFORMATIONS; HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; ORDER AB We report here that the ball-milling process induces the phase transformation from the tetragonal structure to the disordered face-centered-cubic structure in Ni2MnGa ferromagnetic shape-memory alloys. The in situ high-energy x-ray diffraction analyses reveal that an intermediate phase, which is characterized by amorphous structure, controls the transformation kinetics during the postannealing process. Completely different from their coarse-grained counterparts, the ferromagnetic Ni2MnGa nanoparticles undergo various sequences of structural transitions that are tailored by the crystallite size, atomic order, and intrinsic magnetic structure. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Northeastern Univ, Key Lab Anisotropy & Texture Mat, Minist Educ, Shenyang 110004, Peoples R China. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, X Ray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wang, YD (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Key Lab Anisotropy & Texture Mat, Minist Educ, Shenyang 110004, Peoples R China. EM ydwang@mail.neu.edu.cn RI Li, Hongqi/B-6993-2008; Nie, Zhihua/G-9459-2013; wang, yandong/G-9404-2013; Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009; Huq, Ashfia/J-8772-2013; McQueeney, Robert/A-2864-2016 OI Nie, Zhihua/0000-0002-2533-933X; Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907; Huq, Ashfia/0000-0002-8445-9649; McQueeney, Robert/0000-0003-0718-5602 NR 28 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 6 AR 063530 DI 10.1063/1.2713370 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 151VA UT WOS:000245317700051 ER PT J AU Baer, G Wilson, TS Matthews, DL Maitland, DJ AF Baer, G. Wilson, T. S. Matthews, D. L. Maitland, D. J. TI Shape-memory behavior of thermally stimulated polyurethane for medical applications SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE polyurethanes; mechanical properties; thermal properties; glass transition ID POLYETHER-BASED POLYURETHANES; POLYMER NETWORKS; ISCHEMIC-STROKE; HARD-SEGMENT; COPOLYMERS AB Shape memory polymers (SMPs) have been of great interest because of their ability to be thermally actuated to recover a predetermined shape. Medical applications in clot extracting devices and stents are especially promising. We investigated the thermomechanical properties of a series of Mitsubishi SMPs for potential application as medical devices. Glass transition temperatures and moduli were measured by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis. Tensile tests were performed with 20 and 100% maximum strains, at 37 and 80 degrees C, which are respectively, body temperature and actuation temperature. Glass transitions are in a favorable range for use in the body (35-75 degrees C), with high glassy and rubbery shear moduli in the range of 800 and 2 MPa respectively. Constrained stress-strain recovery cycles showed very low hysteresis after three cycles, which is important to know for preconditioning of the material to ensure identical properties during applications. Isothermal free recovery tests showed shape recoveries above 94% for MP5510 thermoset SMP cured at different temperatures. One material exhibited a shape fixity of 99% and a shape recovery of 85% at 80 degrees C over one thermomechanical cycle. These polyurethanes appear particularly well suited for medical applications in deployment devices such as stents or clot extractors. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Med Phys & Biophys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biomed Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Wilson, TS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Med Phys & Biophys, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM wilson97@llnl.gov NR 31 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 4 U2 26 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 103 IS 6 BP 3882 EP 3892 DI 10.1002/app.25567 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 132ZS UT WOS:000243982000059 ER PT J AU Quan, JJ Zhou, XW Wadley, HNG AF Quan, J. J. Zhou, X. W. Wadley, H. N. G. TI Low-energy ion-assisted control of interfacial structures in metallic multilayers SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE molecular dynamics; low-energy ion assist; Cu/Co multilayer ID THIN-FILM DEPOSITION; EMBEDDED-ATOM METHOD; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TENSILE PROPERTIES; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; INCIDENT ENERGY; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; SURFACES; MICROSTRUCTURE AB A molecular dynamics method has been used to simulate the argon ion-assisted deposition of Cu/Co/Cu multilayers and to explore ion beam assistance strategies that can be used during or after the growth of each layer to control interfacial structures. A low-argon ion energy of 5-10 eV was found to minimize a combination of interfacial roughness and interlayer mixing (alloying) during the ion-assisted deposition of multilayers. However, complete flattening with simultaneous ion assistance could not be achieved without some mixing between the layers when a constant ion energy approach was used. It was found that multilayers with lower interfacial roughness and intermixing could be grown either by modulating the ion energy during the growth of each metal layer or by utilizing ion assistance only after the completion of each layers deposition. In these latter approaches, relatively high-energy ions could be used since the interface is buried and less susceptible to intermixing. The interlayer mixing dependence upon the thickness of the over layer has been determined as a function of ion energy. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Virginia, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Mech Mat Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Quan, JJ (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM Junjie.Quan@gmail.com NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 300 IS 2 BP 431 EP 439 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2007.01.010 PG 9 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 155YU UT WOS:000245615600031 ER PT J AU Torigoe, C Faeder, JR Oliver, JM Goldstein, B AF Torigoe, Chikako Faeder, James R. Oliver, Janet M. Goldstein, Byron TI Kinetic proofreading of ligand-Fc epsilon RI interactions may persist beyond LAT phosphorylation SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAST-CELL ACTIVATION; HIGH-AFFINITY RECEPTOR; IGE RECEPTOR; PROTEINS; SIGNALS; TRANSDUCTION; MEMBRANES; DOMAINS; MODELS; KINASE AB Cells may discriminate among ligands with different dwell times for receptor binding through a mechanism called kinetic proofreading in which the formation of an activated receptor complex requires a progression of events that is aborted if the ligand dissociates before completion. This mechanism explains how, at equivalent levels of receptor occupancy, a rapidly dissociating ligand can be less effective than a more slowly dissociating analog at generating distal cellular responses. Simple mathematical models predict that kinetic proofreading is limited to the initial complex; once the signal passes to second messengers, the dwell time no longer regulates the signal. This suggests that an assay for kinetic proofreading might be used to determine which activation events occur within the initial signaling complex. In signaling through the high affinity IgE receptor Fc epsilon RI, the transmembrane adaptor called linker for activation of T cells (LAT) is thought to nucleate a distinct secondary complex. Experiments in which the concentrations of two ligands with different dwell times are adjusted to equalize the level of LAT phosphorylation in rat basophilic leukemia 2113 cells show that Erk2 phosphorylation, intracellular Ca2+, and degranulation exhibit kinetic proofreading downstream of LAT phosphorylation. These results suggest that ligand-bound Fc epsilon RI and LAT form a complex that is required for effective signal transmission. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Canc Res & Treatment Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Goldstein, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bxg@lanl.gov FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R21 EB005365-03]; NIGMS NIH HHS [F32 GM065794, P20 GM 065794, R01 GM 49814, R01 GM049814, R37 GM 35556, R37 GM035556] NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 178 IS 6 BP 3530 EP 3535 PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 146NX UT WOS:000244942400023 PM 17339448 ER PT J AU McLain, SE Soper, AK Molaison, JJ Benmore, CJ Dolgos, MR Yarger, JL Turner, JFC AF McLain, S. E. Soper, A. K. Molaison, J. J. Benmore, C. J. Dolgos, M. R. Yarger, J. L. Turner, J. F. C. TI On the structure of liquid antimony pentafluoride SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Solution Chemistry CY AUG 20-25, 2005 CL Portoroz, SLOVENIA SP IUPAC, UNiv Ljubljana, Fac Chem & Chem Technol DE neutron diffraction; high-energy X-ray diffraction; empirical potential structure refinement; liquid antimony pentafluoride ID ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; ENERGIES; NIOBIUM; CHEMISTRY; DYNAMICS; TANTALUM; VANADIUM; PHASE AB The liquid structure of antimony pentafluoride at room temperature has been investigated using neutron and high-energy X-ray diffraction and subsequently modelled using Empirical Potential structure refinement. The neutron diffraction measurements show that each antimony centre is surrounded by 6 fluorine atoms; four at a non-bridging distance of 1.86 +/- 0.03 angstrom and two bridging fluorines at a distance of 2.03 +/- 0.06 angstrom. The Xray data show an additional peak at 3.93 +/- 0.03 angstrom attributed to antimony-antimony contacts. The diffraction data were fit to three models; cis-monomer, isolated tetramer and cis-linked chains. The X-ray data rule out the cis-monomer model but good fits are obtained for the isolated tetramer and cis-linked chain models. It is argued that the liquid is comprised of chains of cis-linked tetrameric building blocks when these data and modelling results are considered in light of NMR measurements. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Neutron Sci Consortium, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Rutherford Appleton Labs, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 QX, Oxon, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Turner, JFC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Neutron Sci Consortium, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jturner@atom.chem.utk.edu RI Yarger, Jeff/L-8748-2014; OI Yarger, Jeff/0000-0002-7385-5400; McLain, Sylvia/0000-0002-3347-7759; Benmore, Chris/0000-0001-7007-7749 NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7322 J9 J MOL LIQ JI J. Mol. Liq. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 131 SI SI BP 239 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.molliq.2006.08.042 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 147KS UT WOS:000245002500038 ER PT J AU Alam, TM Nyman, M McIntyre, SK AF Alam, Todd M. Nyman, May McIntyre, Sarah K. TI Double quantum H-1 MAS NMR studies of hydrogen-bonded protons and water dynamics in materials SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE NMR; H-1-NMR SPECTROSCOPY; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; LINE H-1-NMR; THIN-FILMS; HIGH-SPEED; TEMPERATURE; SPECTRA; MOLECULES; ANGLE AB Two-dimensional double quantum (DQ) H-1 MAS NMR was used to investigate different proton environments in a series of alkali (Na, K, Rb, Cs) [Nb6O19](8-) Lindqvist salts, with the water and hydrogen-bound intercluster protons being clearly resolved. Through the analysis of the DQ H-1 NMR spinning sideband pattern, it is possible to extract both the mean and distribution of the motionally averaged intramolecular homonuclear H-1-H-1 dipolar coupling for the different water environments and the intercluster protons. Motional order parameters for the water environments were then calculated from the averaged dipolar couplings. The influence of additional intermolecular dipolar couplings due to multispin interactions were simulated and discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Nanostruct & Elect Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Alam, TM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Nanostruct & Elect Mat, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tmalam@sandia.gov NR 55 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 10 BP 1792 EP 1799 DI 10.1021/jp0661721 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 143PM UT WOS:000244735000007 PM 17300180 ER PT J AU Janik, I Bartels, DM Jonah, CD AF Janik, Ireneusz Bartels, David M. Jonah, Charles D. TI Hydroxyl radical self-recombination reaction and absorption spectrum in water up to 350 degrees C SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID INDUCED FLUORESCENCE MEASUREMENTS; ALIPHATIC ALCOHOL RADICALS; PEROXIDE POTENTIAL SURFACE; HIGH-PRESSURE RANGE; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; RATE CONSTANTS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SUPERCRITICAL WATER; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES AB The rate constant for the self-recombination of hydroxyl radicals ((OH)-O-center dot) in aqueous solution giving H2O2 product has been measured from 150 to 350 degrees C by direct measurement of the (OH)-O-center dot radical transient optical absorption at 250 nm. The values of the rate constant are smaller than previously predicted by extrapolation to the 200-350 degrees C range and show virtually no change in this range. In combining these measurements with previous results, the non-Arrhenius behavior can be well described in terms of the Noyes equation k(obs)(-1) = k(act)(-1)+ k(diff)(-1), using the diffusion-limited rate constant k(diff) estimated from the Smoluchowski equation and an activated barrier rate k(act) nearly equal to the gas-phase high-pressure limiting rate constant for this reaction. The aqueous (OH)-O-center dot radical spectrum between 230 and 320 nm is reported up to 350 degrees C. A weak band at 310 nm grows in at higher temperature, while the stronger band at 230 nm decreases. An isosbestic point appears near 305 nm. We assign the 230 nm band to hydrogen-bonded (OH)-O-center dot radical, and the 310 nm band is assigned to "free" (OH)-O-center dot. On the basis of the spectrum change relative to room temperature, over half of the (OH)-O-center dot radicals are in the latter form at 350 degrees C. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Radiat Lab, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bartels, DM (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Radiat Lab, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM bartels@hertz.rad.nd.edu NR 56 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 10 BP 1835 EP 1843 DI 10.1021/jp065992v PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 143PM UT WOS:000244735000012 PM 17309240 ER PT J AU Opila, EJ Myers, DL Jacobson, NS Nielsen, IMB Johnson, DF Olminsky, JK Allendorf, MD AF Opila, Elizabeth J. Myers, Dwight L. Jacobson, Nathan S. Nielsen, Ida M. B. Johnson, Dereck F. Olminsky, Jami K. Allendorf, Mark D. TI Theoretical and experimental investigation of the thermochemistry of CrO2(OH)(2)(g) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; PROJECTION OPERATORS; CHROMIUM-OXIDE; WATER-VAPOR; ROW ATOMS; THERMODYNAMICS; CR2O3; VOLATILIZATION; CRO3 AB In this paper, we report the results of equilibrium pressure measurements designed to identify the volatile species in the Cr-O-H system and to resolve some of the discrepancies in existing experimental data. In addition, ab initio calculations were performed to lend confidence to a theoretical approach for predicting the thermochemistry of chromium-containing compounds. Equilibrium pressure data for CrO2(OH)(2) were measured by the transpiration technique for the reaction 0.5Cr(2)O(3)(s) + 0.75O(2)(g) + H2O(g) = CrO2(OH)(2)(g) over a temperature range of 573 to 1173 K at 1 bar total pressure. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) was used to analyze the condensate in order to quantify the concentration of Cr-containing volatile species. The resulting experimentally measured thermodynamic functions are compared to those computed using B3LYP density functional theory and the coupled-cluster singles and doubles method with a perturbative correction for connected triple substitutions [CCSD(T)]. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, QSS Grp Inc, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. E Cent Univ, Ada, OK 74820 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Opila, EJ (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, QSS Grp Inc, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM opila@nasa.gov RI Jacobson, Nathan/A-9411-2009 NR 43 TC 88 Z9 94 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 10 BP 1971 EP 1980 DI 10.1021/jp0647380 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 143PM UT WOS:000244735000028 PM 17309237 ER PT J AU Shvartsburg, AA Mashkevich, SV Baker, ES Smith, RD AF Shvartsburg, Alexandre A. Mashkevich, Stefan V. Baker, Erin Shammel Smith, Richard D. TI Optimization of algorithms for ion mobility calculations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ANHYDROUS POLYALANINE IONS; GAS-PHASE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CYTOCHROME-C; STRUCTURAL INFORMATION; CLUSTER CATIONS; IN-VACUO; CONFORMATIONS; DENSITY; CARBON AB Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is increasingly employed to probe the structures of gas-phase ions, particularly those of proteins and other biological macromolecules. This process involves comparing measured mobilities to those computed for potential geometries, which requires evaluation of orientationally averaged cross sections using some approximate treatment of ion-buffer gas collisions. Two common models are the projection approximation (PA) and exact hard-spheres scattering (EHSS) that represent ions as collections of hard spheres. Though calculations for large ions and/or conformer ensembles take significant time, no algorithmic optimization had been explored. Previous EHSS programs were dominated by ion rotation operations that allow orientational averaging. We have developed two new algorithms for PA and EHSS calculations: one simplifies those operations and greatly reduces their number, and the other disposes of them altogether by propagating trajectories from a random origin. The new algorithms were tested for a representative set of seven ion geometries including diverse sizes and shapes. While the best choice depends on the geometry in a nonobvious way, the difference between the two codes is generally modest. Both are much more efficient than the existing software, for example faster than the widely used Mobcal (implementing EHSS) similar to 10-30-fold. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Schrodinger, New York, NY 10036 USA. RP Shvartsburg, AA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 18522] NR 50 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 10 BP 2002 EP 2010 DI 10.1021/jp066953m PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 143PM UT WOS:000244735000032 PM 17300182 ER PT J AU Nikolic, MV Ivetic, T Young, DL Paraskevopoulos, KM Zorba, TT Blagojevic, V Nikolic, PM Vasiljevic-Radovic, D Ristic, MM AF Nikolic, M. V. Ivetic, T. Young, D. L. Paraskevopoulos, K. M. Zorba, T. T. Blagojevic, V. Nikolic, P. M. Vasiljevic-Radovic, D. Ristic, M. M. TI Far infrared properties of bulk sintered and thin film Zn2SnO4 SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE infrared spectroscopy; thin films; optical properties; zinc-stannate ID ZINC-STANNATE; SPINEL; SPECTRA; NANOBELTS; OXIDES; MODES AB Room temperature far infrared reflectivity spectra of single phase spinel zinc-stannate thin films, prepared by rf magnetron sputtering on a glass substrate, and bulk sintered samples were measured. The sintered samples were obtained by mechanical activation of starting ZnO and SnO2 powders for 10 min followed by sintering at 1300 degrees C for 2 h. The reflectivity diagrams obtained for bulk samples were numerically analyzed using the four-parameter model of coupled oscillators. The optical parameters were determined for six observed ionic oscillators belonging to the spinel structure and two additional oscillators originating from the sintering procedure resulting from pores and grain boundaries. The reflectivity diagrams obtained for thin film samples were analyzed using the four-parameter model for optical phonons with a standard optical multi-layer technique. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Belgrade, Ctr Multidisciplinary Studies, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. SASA, Inst Tech Sci, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Phys, Solid State Sect, Thessaloniki 52124, Greece. Univ Belgrade, Fac Elect Engn, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. Inst Microelect & Single Crystals, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. RP Nikolic, MV (reprint author), Univ Belgrade, Ctr Multidisciplinary Studies, Kneza Viseslava 1, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. EM maria@mi.sanu.ac.yu RI Paraskeuopoulos, Konstantinos/F-9926-2011; Vasiljevic-Radovic, Dana/C-8034-2016; OI Vasiljevic-Radovic, Dana/0000-0002-7609-8599; Nikolic, Maria/0000-0001-5035-0170 NR 23 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 138 IS 1 BP 7 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.mseb.2006.12.005 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 151WT UT WOS:000245322300002 ER PT J AU Li, W Tu, DQ Brunger, AT Ye, YH AF Li, Wei Tu, Daqi Brunger, Axel T. Ye, Yihong TI A ubiquitin ligase transfers preformed polyubiquitin chains from a conjugating enzyme to a substrate SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM STRESS; PROTEIN LIGASE; DEGRADATION; DOMAIN; HERP; COMPLEX; CDC34; PATHWAY; LYSINE; GP78 AB In eukaryotic cells, many short-lived proteins are conjugated with Lys48-linked ubiquitin chains and degraded by the proteasome(1). Ubiquitination requires an activating enzyme (E1), a conjugating enzyme (E2) and a ligase (E3)(2). Most ubiquitin ligases use either a HECT (homologous to E6-associated protein C terminus) or a RING (really interesting new gene) domain to catalyse polyubiquitination(3), but the mechanism of E3 catalysis is poorly defined(4). Here we dissect this process using mouse Ube2g2 (E2; identical at the amino acid level to human Ube2g2) and human gp78 (E3), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated conjugating system essential for the degradation of misfolded ER proteins(5,6). We demonstrate by expressing recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli that Ube2g2/gp78-mediated polyubiquitination involves preassembly of Lys48-linked ubiquitin chains at the catalytic cysteine of Ube2g2. The growth of Ube2g2-anchored ubiquitin chains seems to be mediated by an aminolysis-based transfer reaction between two Ube2g2 molecules that each carries a ubiquitin moiety in its active site. Intriguingly, polyubiquitination of a substrate can be achieved by transferring preassembled ubiquitin chains from Ube2g2 to a lysine residue in a substrate. C1 NIDDKD, Mol Biol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Stanford Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cellular Physiol Neurol & Neurol Sci S, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, SSRL, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Ye, YH (reprint author), NIDDKD, Mol Biol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM yihongy@mail.nih.gov OI Brunger, Axel/0000-0001-5121-2036 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 26 TC 143 Z9 146 U1 2 U2 17 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 446 IS 7133 BP 333 EP 337 DI 10.1038/nature05542 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 145VC UT WOS:000244892900049 PM 17310145 ER PT J AU Douglas, JF Iwasawa, H Sun, Z Fedorov, AV Ishikado, M Saitoh, T Eisaki, H Bando, H Iwase, T Ino, A Arita, M Shimada, K Namatame, H Taniguchi, M Masui, T Tajima, S Fujita, K Uchida, SI Aiura, Y Dessau, DS AF Douglas, John F. Iwasawa, Hideaki Sun, Zhe Fedorov, Alexei V. Ishikado, Motoyuki Saitoh, Tomohiko Eisaki, Hiroshi Bando, Hiroshi Iwase, Takeshi Ino, Akihiro Arita, Masashi Shimada, Kenya Namatame, Hirofumi Taniguchi, Masaki Masui, Takahiko Tajima, Setsuko Fujita, Kazuhiro Uchida, Shin-ichi Aiura, Yoshihiro Dessau, Daniel S. TI Superconductors - Unusual oxygen isotope effects in cuprates? SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1628601, Japan. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiat Ctr, Higashihiroshima 7390046, Japan. Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. RP Douglas, JF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM y.aiura@aist.go.jp OI Shimada, Kenya/0000-0002-1945-2352 NR 4 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 12 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 446 IS 7133 BP E5 EP E5 DI 10.1038/nature05738 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 145VC UT WOS:000244892900037 PM 17361133 ER PT J AU Petreczky, P AF Petreczky, P. TI Lattice QCD at finite temperature SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Strong and Electroweak Matter CY MAY 10-13, 2006 CL Brookhaven Natl Lab, Long Isl, NY HO Brookhaven Natl Lab ID CHIRAL CRITICAL-POINT; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; SPECTRAL FUNCTIONS; PHASE-TRANSITION; POLYAKOV LOOP; GAUGE-THEORY; FLAVOR QCD; POTENTIALS; DEPENDENCE; MASS C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Petreczky, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM petreczk@bnl.gov NR 51 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 785 IS 1-2 BP 10C EP 17C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.11.129 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 156BR UT WOS:000245623400003 ER PT J AU Reddy, S Steiner, AW AF Reddy, S. Steiner, A. W. TI Cool dense matter and neutron star phenomenology SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Strong and Electroweak Matter CY MAY 10-13, 2006 CL Brookhaven Natl Lab, Long Isl, NY HO Brookhaven Natl Lab ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; PAIR EMISSION; QUARK MATTER; SUPERFLUIDITY; OSCILLATIONS; BREAKING; YOUNG C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reddy, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM reddy@lanl.gov; asteiner@lanl.gov OI Steiner, Andrew/0000-0003-2478-4017 NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 785 IS 1-2 BP 24C EP 35C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.11.130 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 156BR UT WOS:000245623400005 ER PT J AU Debbe, R AF Debbe, R. TI Review of forward physics at RHIC SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Strong and Electroweak Matter CY MAY 10-13, 2006 CL Brookhaven Natl Lab, Long Isl, NY HO Brookhaven Natl Lab ID FRAGMENTATION FUNCTIONS C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Debbe, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM debbe@bnl.gov NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 785 IS 1-2 BP 76C EP 84C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.11.135 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 156BR UT WOS:000245623400011 ER PT J AU Iida, K Fukushima, K AF Iida, Kei Fukushima, Kenji TI Instability of a gapless color superconductor with respect to inhomogeneous fluctuations SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Strong and Electroweak Matter CY MAY 10-13, 2006 CL Brookhaven Natl Lab, Long Isl, NY HO Brookhaven Natl Lab C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Iida, K (reprint author), Kochi Univ, Fac Sci, Div Phys, Kochi 7808520, Japan. EM fuku@quark.phy.bnl.gov OI Fukushima, Kenji/0000-0003-0899-740X NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 785 IS 1-2 BP 118C EP 121C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.11.055 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 156BR UT WOS:000245623400018 ER PT J AU Carrington, ME Mottola, E AF Carrington, M. E. Mottola, E. TI Gauge invariance of the static fermion mass beyond hard thermal loops SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Strong and Electroweak Matter CY MAY 10-13, 2006 CL Brookhaven Natl Lab, Long Isl, NY HO Brookhaven Natl Lab ID TEMPERATURE C1 Brandon Univ, Dept Phys, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada. Winnipeg Inst Theoret Phys, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Carrington, ME (reprint author), Brandon Univ, Dept Phys, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada. EM carrington@brandonu.ca; emil@lanl.gov OI Mottola, Emil/0000-0003-1067-1388 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 785 IS 1-2 BP 142C EP 145C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.11.058 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 156BR UT WOS:000245623400023 ER PT J AU Gelis, F Venugopalan, R AF Gelis, Francois Venugopalan, Raju TI Particle production in field theories coupled to a strong source SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Strong and Electroweak Matter CY MAY 10-13, 2006 CL Brookhaven Natl Lab, Long Isl, NY HO Brookhaven Natl Lab ID COLOR GLASS CONDENSATE; GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; EVOLUTION C1 CEA, DSM, CNRS,URA 2306, Serv Phys Theor, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gelis, F (reprint author), CEA, DSM, CNRS,URA 2306, Serv Phys Theor, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM francois.gelis@cea.fr; raju@bnl.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 785 IS 1-2 BP 146C EP 149C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.11.152 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 156BR UT WOS:000245623400024 ER PT J AU Kitazawa, M Kunihiro, T Nemoto, Y AF Kitazawa, M. Kunihiro, T. Nemoto, Y. TI Quasiparticle picture of quarks near chiral transition at finite temperature SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Strong and Electroweak Matter CY MAY 10-13, 2006 CL Brookhaven Natl Lab, Long Isl, NY HO Brookhaven Natl Lab ID PAIR SCATTERING; MATTER C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. RP Kitazawa, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM kitazawa@quark.phy.bnl.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 785 IS 1-2 BP 257C EP 260C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.11.077 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 156BR UT WOS:000245623400051 ER PT J AU Laermann, E Karsch, F Shcheredin, S Wissel, S AF Laermann, E. Karsch, F. Shcheredin, S. Wissel, S. TI Hadronic excitations at high temperature SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Strong and Electroweak Matter CY MAY 10-13, 2006 CL Brookhaven Natl Lab, Long Isl, NY HO Brookhaven Natl Lab ID LATTICE QCD C1 Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Laermann, E (reprint author), Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. EM edwin@physik.uni-bielefeld.de; karsch@bnl.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 785 IS 1-2 BP 261C EP 265C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.11.157 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 156BR UT WOS:000245623400052 ER PT J AU Mocsy, A Petreczky, P Casalderrey-Solana, J AF Mocsy, Agnes Petreczky, Peter Casalderrey-Solana, Jorge TI S-wave quarkonium spectral rinctions above T-c SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Strong and Electroweak Matter CY MAY 10-13, 2006 CL Brookhaven Natl Lab, Long Isl, NY HO Brookhaven Natl Lab ID HEAVY QUARKONIA; GLUON PLASMA C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mocsy, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM mocsy@bnl.gov; petreczk@bnl.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 785 IS 1-2 BP 266C EP 269C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.11.147 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 156BR UT WOS:000245623400053 ER PT J AU Cheng, M Clark, MA Jung, C Mawhinney, R AF Cheng, M. Clark, M. A. Jung, C. Mawhinney, R. TI Testing algorithms for finite temperature lattice QCD SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Strong and Electroweak Matter CY MAY 10-13, 2006 CL Brookhaven Natl Lab, Long Isl, NY HO Brookhaven Natl Lab ID MONTE-CARLO ALGORITHM; FERMIONS C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Computat Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Cheng, M (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM michaelc@phys.columbia.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 785 IS 1-2 BP 270C EP 273C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.11.149 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 156BR UT WOS:000245623400054 ER PT J AU Schmidt, C Umeda, T AF Schmidt, C. Umeda, T. CA RBC-Bielefeld Collaboration TI Thermodynamics of (2+1)-flavor QCD SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Strong and Electroweak Matter CY MAY 10-13, 2006 CL Brookhaven Natl Lab, Long Isl, NY HO Brookhaven Natl Lab C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Schmidt, C (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM cschmidt@bnl.gov OI Schmidt, Christian/0000-0002-9071-4757 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 785 IS 1-2 BP 274C EP 277C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.11.159 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 156BR UT WOS:000245623400055 ER PT J AU Yang, L Zu, XT Xiao, HY Gao, F Heinisch, HL Kurtz, RJ AF Yang, L. Zu, X. T. Xiao, H. Y. Gao, F. Heinisch, H. L. Kurtz, R. J. TI Defect production and formation of helium-vacancy clusters due to cascades in alpha-iron SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE molecular dynamics; displacement cascade; He-vacancy cluster; alpha-Fe ID DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; BUBBLE FORMATION; BEHAVIOR; METALS; FE; IRRADIATION; RADIATION; ALLOYS AB Displacement cascades are simulated by molecular dynamics methods in alpha-Fe containing different concentrations of substitutional He atoms. Primary knock-on atom (PKA) energies, E-p, from 0.5 to 5keV are considered at the irradiation temperature of 100 K. The concentration of He in Fe varies from 1 to 5 at%, and the results are compared with the simulations performed in pure alpha-Fe. We find that the total number of point defects increases with increasing He concentration. The present studies reveal the formation and the configurations of He-vacancy clusters in the cascades of alpha-Fe. Furthermore, the production efficiency of He-vacancy clusters increases with increasing He concentration and PKA energy. The nucleation mechanisms of He-vacancy clusters in displacement cascades are discussed in detail. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. China W Normal Univ, Sch Phys & Elect Informat, Nanchong 637002, Peoples R China. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zu, XT (reprint author), Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. EM xiaotaozu@yahoo.com RI Xiao, Haiyan/A-1450-2012; Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012 NR 23 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 391 IS 1 BP 179 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.09.017 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 144PK UT WOS:000244808200029 ER PT J AU Ovtchinnikov, M Marchand, RT AF Ovtchinnikov, Mikhail Marchand, Roger T. TI Cloud model evaluation using radiometric measurements from the airborne multiangle imaging spectroradiometer (AirMISR) SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE 3D radiative transfer; AirMISR; retrieval algorithms ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; STRATOCUMULUS; MISR AB Detailed information on cloud properties is needed to rigorously test retrieval algorithms for satellite and ground-based remote sensors. The inherent complexity of clouds makes this information difficult to obtain from observations alone and cloud resolving models (CRMs) are often used to generate synthetic datasets that can be used as proxies for real data. We test the ability of a CRM to reproduce the observed structure of low-level clouds detected by the Earth Observing System (EOS) validation program in north central Oklahoma on March 3, 2000. A threedimensional radiative transfer model is applied to bigh-resolution cloud fields generated by the CRM in order to simulate the top of atmosphere radiances. These synthetic radiances are then statistically compared with observations from the airborne Multiangle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer (AirMISR), flown on the NASA ER-2 high-altitude aircraft. Simulations match well the blue channel radiance distributions at oblique view angles but overestimate the minimum in reflectance at near-nadir viewing angles, The model reproduces correctly the angular change in the width of radiance distribution, as measured by the standard deviation but the change in skewness of these distributions is captured only qualitatively. The model biases are suggestive of the simulated cloud boundaries being too sharp and the distribution of the vertical liquid water path being too narrow. A power spectrum analysis shows a close agreement between simulations and observations including a break in the scaling properties of the radiance fields around 400 in. The scaling properties of the ID power spectrum of simulated radiance at smaller scales exhibit directional dependence not seen in corresponding observations. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ovtchinnikov, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mikhail@pnl.gov NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 107 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.05.024 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 144XM UT WOS:000244829800017 ER PT J AU Phinney, LM Serrano, JR AF Phinney, Leslie M. Serrano, Justin R. TI Influence of target design on the damage threshold for optically powered MEMS thermal actuators SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article DE optical actuation; surface micromachined MEMS; laser heating; polycrystalline silicon ID BEAM ELECTROTHERMAL ACTUATORS; MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AB Bent-beam, polycrystalline silicon MEMS thermal actuators were optically powered using laser illumination. The actuators were designed with a target suspended between angled legs that expand creating displacement and force when the target is heated by a laser. The laser power threshold for immediate damage and extent of the damage exhibited a strong dependence on the target design. The optically powered thermal actuators were fabricated using a five-layer surface micromachining process from combinations of 2.25 mu m thick polysilicon layers (poly3 and poly4) and a 2.0 mu m thick sacrificial layer. The target compositions listed in decreasing order of laser damage threshold are: the poly3-poly4 laminate targets, the poly3-poly4 targets with an intermediate 2.0 mu m thick oxide layer, the poly3-poly4 targets with a 2.0 I.Lm thick air gap, and the poly4 only targets. The laser damage thresholds for the poly3-poly4 targets with connecting posts and an air gap increases with increasing post size, which allows for better thermal transport from the irradiated poly4 layer to the underlying poly3 layer. The laser damage thresholds ranged from a maximum of 475 mW for an oval poly3-poly4 laminate actuator target to a minimum of 190 mW for a circular poly4 only actuator target. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Phinney, LM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800,MS 0834, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM lmphinn@sandia.gov NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 134 IS 2 BP 538 EP 543 DI 10.1016/j.sna.2006.06.021 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 151VW UT WOS:000245319900034 ER PT J AU Yakovkin, IN Gutowski, M AF Yakovkin, I. N. Gutowski, M. TI Driving force for the WO3(001) surface relaxation SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE density functional calculations; surface energy; surface relaxation and reconstruction; tungsten oxide; single crystal surfaces ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; TUNGSTEN TRIOXIDE; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; THIN-FILMS; WO3; STATES; METALS AB The optimized structure of the WO3(0 0 1) surface with various types of termination ((1 X 1), (1 X 1)WO2, and c(2 x 2)O) has been simulated using density functional theory with the Perdew-Wang 91 gradient corrected exchange-correlation functional. While the energy of bulk WO3 depends weakly on the distortions and tilting of the WO6 octahedra, relaxation of the (001) surface results in a significant decrease of surface energy (from 10.2 x 10(-2) eV/angstrom(2) for the cubic ReO3-like, c(2 x 2)O-terminated surface to 2.2 x 10(-2) eV/angstrom(2) for the relaxed surface). This feature illustrates a potential role of surface relaxation in formation of crystalline nano-size clusters of WO3. The surface relaxation is accompanied by. a dramatic redistribution of the density of states near the Fermi level, in particular a transformation of surface electronic states. This redistribution is responsible for the decrease of electronic energy and therefore is suggested to be the driving force for surface relaxation of the WO3(001) surface and, presumably, similar surfaces of other transition metal oxides. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. Univ Gdansk, Dept Chem, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. RP Gutowski, M (reprint author), Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. EM m.gutowski@hw.ac.uk NR 41 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 9 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 601 IS 6 BP 1481 EP 1488 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2007.01.013 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 155ZB UT WOS:000245616400007 ER PT J AU Shao, R Wang, CM McCready, DE Droubay, TC Chambers, SA AF Shao, Rui Wang, Chongmin McCready, David E. Droubay, Timothy C. Chambers, Scott A. TI Growth and structure of MBE grown TiO2 anatase films with rutile nano-crystallites SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE anatase; rutile; molecular beam epitaxy ID EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; THIN-FILM; PHOTOCATALYST; DIOXIDE; TITANIA; INTERFACES; DEPOSITION; OXIDATION; ELECTRON; PHASES AB We have explored the systematics of TiO2 polymorph nucleation during film growth by molecular beam epitaxy on perovskite substrates. The accidental lattice match between anatase (001) and LaAlO3(001) or SrTi03(001) typically results in anatase nucleation at the interface. However, the growth conditions dictate whether or not rutile also nucleates, and the associated morphological and structural properties of the composite film. Four symmetry equivalent epitaxial orientations of rutile on anatase are observed when rutile nucleates as discrete particles on LaAlO3(001). Such films constitute model systems for studying the anatase/rutile interface, which is of considerable current interest in photochemistry. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chambers, SA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM sa.chambers@pnl.gov RI Droubay, Tim/D-5395-2016 OI Droubay, Tim/0000-0002-8821-0322 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 601 IS 6 BP 1582 EP 1589 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2007.01.039 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 155ZB UT WOS:000245616400021 ER PT J AU Gomez, MA Pratt, LR Kress, JD Asthagiri, D AF Gomez, Maria A. Pratt, Lawrence R. Kress, Joel D. Asthagiri, D. TI Water adsorption and dissociation on BeO(001) and (100) surfaces SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE models of surface chemical reactions; density functional calculations; chemisorption; surface chemical reaction; adsorption isotherms; beryllium oxide; water ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; ELASTIC BAND METHOD; BERYLLIUM METAL; MONTE-CARLO; PHASE-TRANSITION; SADDLE-POINTS; LUNG-DISEASE; BASIS-SET; OXIDE AB Plateaus in water adsorption isotherms on hydroxylated BeO surfaces suggest significant differences between the hydroxylated (100) and (001) surface structures and reactivities. Density functional theory structures and energies clarify these differences. Using relaxed surface energies, a Wulff construction yields a prism crystal shape exposing long (100) sides and much smaller (001) faces. This is consistent with the BeO prisms observed when beryllium metal is oxidized. A water oxygen atom binds to a single surface beryllium ion in the preferred adsorption geometry on either surface. The water oxygen/berylliurn bonding is stronger on the surface with greater beryllium atom exposure, namely the less-stable (001) surface. Water/beryllium coordination facilitates water dissociation. On the (001) surface, the dissociation products are a hydroxide bridging two beryllium ions and a metal-coordinated hydride with some surface charge depletion. On the (100) surface, water dissociates into a hydroxide ligating a Be atom and a proton coordinated to a surface oxygen but the lowest energy water state on the (100) surface is the undissociated metal-coordinated water. The (100) fully hydroxylated surface structure has a hydrogen bonding network which facilitates rapid proton shuffling within the network. The corresponding (001) hydroxylated surface is fairly open and lacks internal hydrogen bonding. This supports previous experimental interpretations of the step in water adsorption isotherms. Further, when the (100) surface is heated to 1000 K, hydroxides and protons associate and water desorbs. The more open (001) hydroxylated surface is stable at 1000 K. This is consistent with the experimental disappearance of the isotherm step when heating to 973 K. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Mt Holyoke Coll, Dept Chem, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Gomez, MA (reprint author), Mt Holyoke Coll, Dept Chem, 50 Coll St, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. EM magomez@mtholyke.edu RI Asthagiri, Dilipkumar/A-3383-2010; Pratt, Lawrence/H-7955-2012; Asthagiri, Dilipkumar/P-9450-2016 OI Pratt, Lawrence/0000-0003-2351-7451; Asthagiri, Dilipkumar/0000-0001-5869-0807 NR 43 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 601 IS 6 BP 1608 EP 1614 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2007.01.033 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 155ZB UT WOS:000245616400024 ER PT J AU Lee, K Blau, PJ Truhan, JJ AF Lee, Kwangjin Blau, Peter J. Truhan, John J., Jr. TI Effects of moisture adsorption on laboratory wear measurements of brake friction materials SO WEAR LA English DT Article DE friction materials; wear measurement; moisture adsorption; brake linings ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE WEAR; DYNAMOMETER AB As is the case for tribological systems in general, the wear of brake friction materials, sliding against brake discs or drums, is influenced by many factors. This dependency requires very complicated test matrices in order to characterize the range of lining wear properties. Furthermore, the wear rate is very low under normal operating conditions, and thus a substantial amount of test time is needed before the wear progresses to reach a measurable amount. One way to reduce the test time is to use small brake material samples and to measure their weight change with an accurate electronic balance. A laboratory-scale, block-on-disc brake testing machine was used to measure the wear rate of two brake friction materials against cast iron. While conducting these tests, the lining specimen weight changes caused by moisture adsorption were found to be similar in magnitude to the weight change caused by wear. These effects were studied using weight change experiments with both desiccants and heating. Gravimetric methods for wear measurement in porous materials like brake linings are problematic. Several alternatives are offered for mitigating this problem. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Delphi Corp, Tech Ctr Brighton, Brighton, MI 48116 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Mat Proc, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Lee, K (reprint author), Delphi Corp, Tech Ctr Brighton, MC 483-3DB-210,12501 E Grand River, Brighton, MI 48116 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 262 IS 7-8 BP 925 EP 930 DI 10.1016/j.wear.2006.10.008 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 148GU UT WOS:000245063500019 ER PT J AU Monazam, ER Shadle, LJ Mei, JS AF Monazam, Esmail R. Shadle, Lawrence J. Mei, Joseph S. TI Impact of the circulating fluidized bed riser on the performance of a loopseal nonmechanical valve SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FLOW; SOLIDS AB Most advanced coal-fuel power systems require the transfer and control of solids between two or more vessels. In many instances, the key to a successful process operation is how well the solids transfer and control system has been designed. This is particularly true in a transport gasifier and circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustors, which are dependent upon the rapid and reliable circulation of solids to maintain a constant solids concentration in the CFB. Proper design and operation of solids returning systems are essential to the performance and operation of CFB combustion systems. An experimental investigation was conducted at the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to study the flow and control of a light material (cork), which has a particle density of 189 kg/m(3) and a mean diameter of 812 mu m, through a nonmechanical valve, or loopseal, in a 0.3 m diameter CFB cold model. Fluidizing this material in ambient air approximates the same gas:solids density ratio as coal and coal char in a pressurized gasifier. The loopseal is composed of the lower section of the standpipe, an upward-flowing fluidized-bed section, and a downwardly angled overflow tube which is connected to the desired return point at the bottom of the riser. In the nonmechanical valve, both the standpipe and the fluidized-bed up-flow section of the loopseal were aerated and fluidized with air, respectively. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of standpipe aeration, loopseal aeration, solids inventory, and superficial gas velocity through the riser on the flow rate of circulating solids. A correlation that predicts the solids flow rate as a function of these variables was developed. Comparison of the correlation with the experimental data is discussed. Pressure drop across the fluidized-bed up-flow section of the loopseal was found to increase slightly with the solid flow rates. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. REM Engn Serv PLLC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Shadle, LJ (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM lshadl@netl.doe.gov OI Shadle, Lawrence/0000-0002-6283-3628 NR 12 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD MAR 14 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1843 EP 1850 DI 10.1021/ie0606486 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 143EF UT WOS:000244702100024 ER PT J AU Antonov, VE Beskrovnyy, AI Fedotov, VK Ivanov, AS Khasanov, SS Kolesnikov, AI Sakharov, MK Sashin, IL Tkacz, M AF Antonov, V. E. Beskrovnyy, A. I. Fedotov, V. K. Ivanov, A. S. Khasanov, S. S. Kolesnikov, A. I. Sakharov, M. K. Sashin, I. L. Tkacz, M. TI Crystal structure and lattice dynamics of chromium hydrides SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE metal hydrides; neutron diffraction; inelastic neutron scattering ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; HIGH-PRESSURE HYDRIDES; ALLOYS; PHASE; SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFRACTION; HYDROGEN; SPECTRA; NIH1.05; IRON AB Samples of fcc (gamma) CrH and hcp (epsilon) CrH have been prepared by cathodic electrodeposition of chromium and studied by powder neutron diffraction at 8 K and by inelastic neutron scattering'(INS) at 5 K in the range of energy transfers 6-400 meV. A profile analysis of the neutron diffraction patterns showed that hydrogen occupies octahedral interstitial sites in the fcc metal lattice of gamma-CrH with a = 3.854(3) angstrom and in the hcp metal lattice of epsilon-CrH with a = 2.719(3) angstrom and c = 4.433(4) angstrom. No magnetic ordering was detected in either hydride at 8 K. The INS investigation demonstrated that the fundamental band of optical hydrogen vibrations in both hydrides consists of a strong peak with a broad shoulder towards higher energies. The peak position is 118 meV for gamma-CrH and 122 meV for epsilon-CrH. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow District, Russia. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Frank Lab Neutron Phys, Dubna 141980, Moscow District, Russia. Inst Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. RP Antonov, VE (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow District, Russia. EM antonov@issp.ac.ru RI Sakharov, Mikhail/A-2570-2010; Kolesnikov, Alexander/I-9015-2012; Khasanov, Salavat/R-8690-2016 OI Kolesnikov, Alexander/0000-0003-1940-4649; NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD MAR 14 PY 2007 VL 430 IS 1-2 BP 22 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.05.021 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 144WD UT WOS:000244826200005 ER PT J AU Beyer, MK Knickelbein, MB AF Beyer, Martin K. Knickelbein, Mark B. TI Electric deflection studies of rhodium clusters SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SEEDED SUPERSONIC BEAMS; DIPOLE POLARIZABILITIES; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; FERROMAGNETIC CLUSTERS; ALKALI CLUSTERS; NICKEL CLUSTERS; TRANSITION; MOLECULES; RH; CHEMISTRY AB The static electric dipole polarizabilities of rhodium clusters Rh-n, n=5-28, have been measured via a molecular beam deflection method. Uniform high-field beam deflections, indicative of induced polarization, were observed for all Rh-n except Rh-7 and Rh-10 which by contrast exhibited beam broadening and anomalously high effective polarizabilities. Analysis of the beam deflection profile of Rh-7 indicates that it possesses a permanent dipole moment of 0.24 +/- 0.02 D. Unlike the other clusters in the n=5-28 size range, the polarizability of Rh-10 is observed to decrease with increasing source temperature. We attribute this temperature dependence to paraelectric behavior, suggesting that Rh-10 is a fluxional molecule possessing a dipole moment that spatially fluctuates, uncorrelated with overall rotation. C1 Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Chem, Sekr C4, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Beyer, MK (reprint author), Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Chem, Sekr C4, Strasse 17 Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. RI Beyer, Martin/A-5793-2009 OI Beyer, Martin/0000-0001-9373-9266 NR 55 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 14 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 10 AR 104301 DI 10.1063/1.2698320 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 145WD UT WOS:000244895600010 PM 17362062 ER PT J AU Bylaska, EJ Valiev, M Rustad, JR Weare, JH AF Bylaska, Eric J. Valiev, Marat Rustad, James R. Weare, John H. TI Structure and dynamics of the hydration shells of the Al3+ ion SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; NORM-CONSERVING PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; WATER; SIMULATION; SOLVATION; COMPLEXES; CHROMIUM(III) AB First principles simulations of the hydration shells surrounding Al3+ ions are reported for temperatures near 300 degrees C. The predicted six water molecules in the octahedral first hydration shell were found to be trigonally coordinated via hydrogen bonds to 12 s shell water molecules in agreement with the putative structure used to analyze the x-ray data, but in disagreement with the results reported from conventional molecular dynamics using two-and three-body potentials. Bond lengths and angles of the water molecules in the first and second hydration shells and the average radii of these shells also agreed very well with the results of the x-ray analysis. Water transfers into and out of the second solvation shell were observed to occur on a picosecond time scale via a dissociative mechanism. Beyond the second shell the bonding pattern substantially returned to the tetrahedral structure of bulk water. Most of the simulations were done with 64 solvating water molecules (20 ps). Limited simulations with 128 water molecules (7 ps) were also carried out. Results agreed as to the general structure of the solvation region and were essentially the same for the first and second shell. However, there were differences in hydrogen bonding and Al-O radial distribution function in the region just beyond the second shell. At the end of the second shell a nearly zero minimum in the Al-O radial distribution was found for the 128 water system. This minimum is less pronounced minimum found for the 64 water system, which may indicate that sizes larger than 64 may be required to reliably predict behavior in this region. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Bylaska, EJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM eric.bylaska@pnl.gov NR 44 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 14 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 10 AR 104505 DI 10.1063/1.2566868 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 145WD UT WOS:000244895600021 PM 17362073 ER PT J AU Guo, Y Harding, LB Wagner, AF Minkoff, M Thompson, DL AF Guo, Yin Harding, Lawrence B. Wagner, Albert F. Minkoff, Michael Thompson, Donald L. TI Interpolating moving least-squares methods for fitting potential energy surfaces: An application to the H2CN unimolecular reaction SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXCITED-STATES; METHYLENE AMIDOGEN; REACTION DYNAMICS; CN+H-2 REACTION; RATE CONSTANTS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; BASIS-SETS; SCATTERING; RADICALS; SYSTEMS AB Classical trajectories have been used to compute rates for the unimolecular reaction H2CN -> H+HCN on a fitted ab initio potential energy surface (PES). The ab initio energies were obtained from CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pvtz electronic structure calculations. The ab initio energies were fitted by the interpolating moving least-squares (IMLS) method. This work continues the development of the IMLS method for producing ab initio PESs for use in molecular dynamics simulations of many-atom systems. A dual-level scheme was used in which the preliminary selection of data points was done using a low-level theory and the points used for fitting the final PES were obtained at the desired higher level of theory. Classical trajectories were used on various low-level IMLS fits to tune the fit to the unimolecular reaction under study. Procedures for efficiently picking data points, selecting basis functions, and defining cutoff limits to exclude distant points were investigated. The accuracy of the fitted PES was assessed by comparing interpolated values of quantities to the corresponding ab initio values. With as little as 330 ab initio points classical trajectory rate constants were converged to 5%-10% and the rms error over the six-dimensional region sampled by the trajectories was a few tenths of a kcal/mol. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Guo, Y (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 46 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 14 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 10 AR 104105 DI 10.1063/1.2698393 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 145WD UT WOS:000244895600007 PM 17362059 ER PT J AU Cunningham, P Linn, RR AF Cunningham, Philip Linn, Rodman R. TI Numerical simulations of grass fires using a coupled atmosphere-fire model: Dynamics of fire spread SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE FUEL-ELEMENTS; WIND-AIDED FIRESPREAD; DEPENDENCE; ARRAYS; SPEED AB [1] Numerical simulations using a coupled atmosphere-fire model (called HIGRAD/FIRETEC) are examined to investigate the dynamics of fire behavior in grasslands, focusing specifically on the relative roles and contributions of radiative and convective heat transfer and the relationships of these processes to the evolution of the solid fuel temperature; the three-dimensional velocity fields in the vicinity of the fire; and the depletion of fuel, fuel moisture, and oxygen. The progression of the fire past a given point in these simulations is divided into a preheating period and an active burning period. The preheating period is characterized by a slowly increasing radiative heating of the fuel that evaporates fuel moisture and raises the temperature of the fuel slightly and by weak convective cooling because the gases flowing over the heated solid fuel are still cooler than the fuel itself. The active burning period is characterized by the presence of a strong pulse of convective heating and continued radiative heating, accompanied by the development of large vertical velocities and a rapid increase in fuel temperature that causes the reaction rates to increase and the fuel to begin to burn, producing heat and increasing the rates of depletion of fuel and oxygen. In all simulations, the magnitude of the convective heat transfer is greater than that of the radiative heat transfer; however, these processes and their relationships to the three-dimensional structure and evolution of the fire are shown to depend both on the ambient wind speed and on the specific location along the fire front (e. g., at the head of the fire where the fire is spreading in the direction of the ambient wind, or on the flank of the fire where the fire is spreading in the direction almost perpendicular to the ambient wind). C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Florida State Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Inst, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Cunningham, P (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM cunningham@met.fsu.edu; rrl@lanl.gov NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 14 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D5 AR D05108 DI 10.1029/2006JD007638 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 147QI UT WOS:000245017100005 ER PT J AU Covington, AM Kraus, RG Emmons, ED Duvvuri, SS Davis, VT Calabrese, D Davis, DD Cisneros, C Schlachter, AS Gulley, MS Hanstorp, D Thompson, JS Pegg, DJ AF Covington, A. M. Kraus, R. G. Emmons, E. D. Duvvuri, S. S. Davis, V. T. Calabrese, D. Davis, D. D. Cisneros, C. Schlachter, A. S. Gulley, M. S. Hanstorp, D. Thompson, J. S. Pegg, D. J. TI Inner-shell photodetachment from the K- ion SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STATES AB We have measured the relative cross section for photodetachment from the K- ion for the process K- + h nu -> K+ + 2e(-) over the photon energy range 21-24.5 eV. The structures in the measured cross section are associated with correlated processes involving the detachment or excitation of a 3p core electron, processes which are often accompanied by the excitation of one or more valence electrons. The most prominent feature in the cross section is a strong resonance arising from the excitation of a 3p electron from the core and a 4s valence electron. As in previous experiments on double excitation of valence electrons, electron correlation is seen to play an important role in the dynamics of negative ions. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Chem Phys Programme, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Def Treat Reduct Agcy, Test Support Div, Dugway Proving Ground, UT 84022 USA. Sierra Coll, Dept Phys, Rocklin, CA 95150 USA. ATK Launch Syst Grp, Magna, UT 84044 USA. Univ Natl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Fis, Cuernavaca 62131, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Accelerator Operat & Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Gothenburg, Dept Phys, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Covington, AM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM thompsonj@unr.edu OI Thompson, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9699-5767; Calabrese, Dominic/0000-0003-3933-0739 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD MAR 14 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 5 BP 935 EP 942 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/40/5/009 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 141NE UT WOS:000244584800012 ER PT J AU Safronova, UI Safronova, AS Beiersdorfer, P AF Safronova, U. I. Safronova, A. S. Beiersdorfer, P. TI Relativistic many-body calculations of electric-dipole lifetimes, rates and oscillator strengths of Delta n=0 transitions between 3l(-1)4l ' states in Ni-like ions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NICKEL-LIKE IONS; X-RAY-SPECTRA; CAPILLARY DISCHARGE PLASMA; LASER-PRODUCED PLASMA; HELIUM-LIKE IONS; WAVELENGTH RANGE; GROUND-STATES; MULTIPOLE E1; LINE OVERLAP; TUNGSTEN AB Transition rates, oscillator strengths and line strengths are calculated for electric-dipole (E1) transitions between odd- parity 3s(2)3p(6)3d(9)4l(1), 3s(2)3p(5)3d(10)4l(2) and 3s3p(6)3d(10)4l(1) states and even-parity 3s(2)3p(6)3d(9)4l(2), 3s(2)3p(5)3d(10)4l(1) and 3s3p(6)3d(10)4l(2) ( with 4l(1) = 4p, 4f and 4l(2) = 4s, 4d) in Ni-like ions with the nuclear charges ranging from Z = 34 to 100. Relativistic many- body perturbation theory (RMBPT), including the Breit interaction, is used to evaluate retarded E1 matrix elements in length and velocity forms. The calculations start from a 1s(2)2s(2)2p(6)3s(2)3p(6)3d(10) Dirac-Fock potential. First-order RMBPT is used to obtain intermediate coupling coefficients and second-order RMBPT is used to calculate transition matrix elements. Contributions from negative-energy states are included in the second-order E-1 matrix elements to ensure the gauge independence of transition amplitudes. Transition energies used in the calculation of oscillator strengths and transition rates are from second-order RMBPT. Lifetimes of the 3s(2)3p(6)3d(9)4d levels are given for Z = 34-100. These atomic data are important in modelling of M-shell radiation spectra of heavy ions generated in electron beam ion trap experiments and in M-shell diagnostics of plasmas. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Safronova, UI (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD MAR 14 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 5 BP 955 EP 974 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/40/5/011 PG 20 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 141NE UT WOS:000244584800014 ER PT J AU Ramesha, K Llobet, A Proffen, T Serrao, CR Rao, CNR AF Ramesha, K. Llobet, A. Proffen, Th Serrao, C. R. Rao, C. N. R. TI Observation of local non-centrosymmetry in weakly biferroic YCrO3 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID PAIR DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; FERROELECTRICS; MANGANITES AB Using high-resolution neutron powder diffraction we have determined the average and local structure of YCrO3 in order to explain the recently reported properties of YCrO3. Unlike conventional ferroelectric systems, YCrO3 is reported to possess a centrosymmetric crystal structure which is inconsistent with the development of weak electric polarization above the dielectric transition around 440 K because it requires atomic off- centring. We have characterized the different length scales existent in YCrO3 and found that, although the average crystallographic structure above and below the dielectric transition YCrO3 is orthorhombic and centrosymmetric ( Pnma), in the ferroelectric- like state it is locally noncentrosymmetric and Cr is displaced about 0.01 A from its position along the z direction. We conclude that the local character of the Cr off- centring and the small value of the displacement observed could explain the weak ferroelectriclike polarization. This new concept of ` local non- centrosymmetry' might be of great importance for the understanding of unusual properties of other multifunctional materials as well. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Jawaharlal Nehru Ctr Adv Sci Res, Chem & Phys Mat Unit, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India. RP Ramesha, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Rao, C.N.R./B-1569-2009; Llobet, Anna/B-1672-2010; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Serrao, Claudy/E-8175-2013; Ramesha, K/F-5769-2013; Ahirwal, Ashish /F-2532-2013; Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009 OI , claudy/0000-0003-4737-0693; Rao, C.N.R./0000-0003-4088-0615; Serrao, Claudy/0000-0003-1471-0348; Ahirwal, Ashish /0000-0002-9127-6541; Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031 NR 36 TC 67 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 31 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAR 14 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 10 AR 102202 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/19/10/102202 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 141JV UT WOS:000244575500002 ER PT J AU Forbes, TZ Burns, PC Skanthakumar, S Soderholm, L AF Forbes, Tori Z. Burns, Peter C. Skanthakumar, S. Soderholm, L. TI Synthesis, structure, and magnetism of Np2O5 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CATION-CATION INTERACTIONS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; CHEMISTRY; PUO2+X AB The binary oxide Np2O5 has been synthesized by mild hydrothermal reaction and its crystal structure has been determined. It is monoclinic, P2/c, Z = 4, a = 8.168(2), b = 6.584(1), c = 9.313(1) A, beta = 116.09(1)degrees, V = 449.8(2) A(3). The structure contains neptunyl square and pentagonal bipyramids that are linked into sheets by edge-sharing. Cation-cation interactions occur within the sheet of polyhedra and provide linkages of the sheets into a three-dimensional structure. Np2O5 undergoes antiferromagnetic ordering at 22(3) K, the highest magnetic ordering temperature observed for any neptunyl compound, and is only the second neptunyl compound found to order antiferromagnetically. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Burns, PC (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM pburns@nd.edu RI Burns, Peter/J-3359-2013; OI Burns, Peter/0000-0002-2319-9628 NR 15 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 14 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 10 BP 2760 EP + DI 10.1021/ja069250r PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 143OH UT WOS:000244731500017 PM 17298069 ER PT J AU Zhai, HJ Wang, LS AF Zhai, Hua-Jin Wang, Lai-Sheng TI Probing the electronic structure and band gap evolution of titanium oxide clusters (TiO2)(n)(-) (n=1-10) using photoelectron spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL CLUSTERS; SEMICONDUCTOR CRYSTALLITES; OXYGEN CLUSTERS; SURFACE SCIENCE; VANADIUM-OXIDE; VISIBLE-LIGHT; SMALL TIO2; STABILITY; MOLECULES; PHOTOCATALYSIS AB TiO2 is a wide-band-gap semiconductor, and it is an important material for photocatalysis. Here we report an experimental investigation of the electronic structure of (TiO2)(n) clusters and how their band gap evolves as a function of size using anion photoelectron spectroscopy (PES). PES spectra of (TiO2)(n)(-) clusters for n = 1-10 have been obtained at 193 nm (6.424 eV) and 157 nm (7.866 eV). The high photon energy at 157 nm allows the band gap of the TiO2 clusters to be clearly revealed up to n = 10. The band gap is observed to be strongly size-dependent for n < 7, but it rapidly approaches the bulk limit at n = 7 and remains constant up to n = 10. All PES features are observed to be very broad, suggesting large geometry changes between the anions and the neutral clusters due to the localized nature of the extra electron in the anions. The measured electron affinities and the energy gaps are compared with available theoretical calculations. The extra electron in the (TiO2)(n)(-) clusters for n > 1 appears to be localized in a tricoordinated Ti atom, creating a single Ti3+ site and making these clusters ideal molecular models for mechanistic understanding of TiO2 surface defects and photocatalytic properties. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, 2170 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM ls.wang@pnl.gov NR 55 TC 113 Z9 115 U1 2 U2 57 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 14 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 10 BP 3022 EP 3026 DI 10.1021/ja068601z PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 143OH UT WOS:000244731500054 PM 17300196 ER PT J AU Zhou, SX Zhou, H Walian, PJ Jap, BK AF Zhou, Shuxia Zhou, Hua Walian, Peter J. Jap, Bing K. TI Regulation of gamma-secretase activity in Alzheimer's disease SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN; GLYCOGEN-SYNTHASE KINASE-3-BETA; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; TRANSGENIC MOUSE MODEL; C-TERMINAL FRAGMENT; E EPSILON-4 ALLELE; LIPID RAFTS; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; BETA-PROTEIN; INTRACELLULAR DOMAIN AB The gamma-secretase complex is an intramembrane aspartyl protease that cleaves its substrates along their transmembrane regions. Sequential proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein by beta- and gamma-secretase produces amyloid beta-peptides, which are the major components of amyloid plaques in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. The gamma-secretase complex is therefore believed to be critical in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Here we review the range of factors found to affect the nature and degree of gamma-secretase complex activity; these include gamma-secretase complex assembly and activation, the integral regulatory subunit CD147, transient or weak binding partners, the levels of cholesterol and sphingolipids in cell membranes, and inflammatory cytokines. Integrated knowledge of the molecular mechanisms supporting the actions of these factors is expected to lead to a comprehensive understanding of the functional regulation of the gamma-secretase complex, and this, in turn, should facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jap, BK (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bkjap@lbl.gov NR 133 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAR 13 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 10 BP 2553 EP 2563 DI 10.1021/bi602509c PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 142LA UT WOS:000244650100001 PM 17298085 ER PT J AU Vedhachalam, C Narayanaswami, V Neto, N Forte, TM Phillips, MC Lund-Katz, S Bielicki, JK AF Vedhachalam, Charulatha Narayanaswami, Vasanthy Neto, Nicole Forte, Trudy M. Phillips, Michael C. Lund-Katz, Sissel Bielicki, John K. TI The C-terminal lipid-binding domain of apolipoprotein E is a highly efficient mediator of ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux that promotes the assembly of high-density lipoproteins SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MONOCYTE-DERIVED MACROPHAGES; BONE-MARROW-TRANSPLANTATION; CASSETTE TRANSPORTER ABCA1; E-DEFICIENT MICE; A-I; CELLULAR CHOLESTEROL; TANGIER-DISEASE; ALZHEIMER-DISEASE; APOA-I; TRANSGENIC MICE AB This study was undertaken to identify the alpha-helical domains of human apoE that mediate cellular cholesterol efflux and HDL assembly via ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). The C-terminal (CT) domain (residues 222-299) of apoE was found to stimulate ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux in a manner similar to that of intact apoE2, -E3, and -E4 in studies using J774 macrophages and HeLa cells. The N-terminal (NT) four-helix bundle domain (residues 1-191) was a relatively poor mediator of cholesterol efflux. On a per molecule basis, the CT domain stimulated cholesterol efflux with the same efficiency (K-m similar to 0.2 mu M) as intact apoA-I and apoE. Gel filtration chromatography of conditioned medium from ABCA1-expressing J774 cells revealed that, like the intact apoE isoforms, the CT domain promoted the assembly of HDL particles with diameters of 8 and 13 nm. Removal of the CT domain abolished the formation of HDL-sized particles, and only larger particles eluting in the void volume were formed. Studies with CT truncation mutants of apoE3 and peptides indicated that hydrophobic helical segments governed the efficiency of cellular cholesterol efflux and that conjoined class A and G amphipathic alpha-helices were required for optimal efflux activity. Collectively, the data suggest that the CT lipid-binding domain of apoE encompassing amino acids 222-299 is necessary and sufficient for mediating ABCA1 lipid efflux and HDL particle assembly. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Imaging Dept, Donner Lab MS1 224, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Penn, Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, GI Nutr Div, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Ctr Prevent Obes Cardiovasc Dis & Diabet, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. RP Bielicki, JK (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Imaging Dept, Donner Lab MS1 224, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jkbielicki@lbl.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL56083]; NIA NIH HHS [R03-AG023153] NR 73 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAR 13 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 10 BP 2583 EP 2593 DI 10.1021/bi602407r PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 142LA UT WOS:000244650100004 PM 17305370 ER PT J AU Masson, YJ Pride, SR AF Masson, Y. J. Pride, S. R. TI Poroelastic finite difference modeling of seismic attenuation and dispersion due to mesoscopic-scale heterogeneity SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID PARTIALLY SATURATED ROCKS; ELASTIC-WAVES; POROUS-MEDIA; PROPAGATION; VELOCITY; FLOW AB Seismic attenuation and dispersion are numerically determined for computer-generated porous materials that contain arbitrary amounts of mesoscopic-scale heterogeneity in the porous continuum properties. The local equations used to determine the poroelastic response within such materials are those of Biot (1962). Upon applying a step change in stress to samples containing mesoscopic-scale heterogeneity, the poroelastic response is determined using finite difference modeling, and the average strain throughout the sample computed, along with the effective complex and frequency-dependent elastic moduli of the sample. The ratio of the imaginary and real parts of these moduli determines the attenuation as a function of frequency associated with the modes of applied stress (pure compression and pure shear). By having a wide range of heterogeneity present, there exists a wide range of relaxation frequencies in the response with the result that the curves of attenuation as a function of frequency are broader than in existing analytical theories based on a single relaxation frequency. Analytical explanations are given for the various high-frequency and low-frequency asymptotic behavior observed in the numerical simulations. It is also shown that the overall level of attenuation of a given sample is proportional to the square of the incompressibility contrasts locally present. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Masson, YJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 307 McCone Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM yjmasson@lbl.gov; srpride@lbl.gov RI masson, yder/K-8264-2012; OI masson, yder/0000-0001-6884-8823 NR 23 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR 13 PY 2007 VL 112 IS B3 AR B03204 DI 10.1029/2006JB004592 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 147SH UT WOS:000245022300005 ER PT J AU Beliveau, A Bassett, E Lo, AT Garbe, J Rubio, MA Bissell, MJ Campisi, J Yaswen, P AF Beliveau, Alain Bassett, Ekaterina Lo, Alvin T. Garbe, James Rubio, Miguel A. Bissell, Mina J. Campisi, Judith Yaswen, Paul TI P53-dependent integration of telornere and growth factor deprivation signals SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE EGF; phosphorylated histone H2AX; insulin; senescence; telomerase ID MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; TELOMERASE CATALYTIC SUBUNIT; HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; DNA-DAMAGE; P53; ARREST; SENESCENCE; EXPRESSION; IMMORTALIZATION; GENE AB Ectopically expressed hTERT enables p16(INK4A)(-) human mammary epithelial cells to proliferate in the absence of growth factors, a finding that has led to the hypothesis that hTERT has growth regulatory properties independent of its role in telomere maintenance. We now show that telomerase can alter the growth properties of cells indirectly through its role in telomere maintenance, without altering growth stimulatory pathways. We find that telomere dysfunction, indicated by 53BP1/phosphorylated histone H2AX foci at chromosome ends, is present in robustly proliferating human mammary epithelial cells long before senescence. These foci correlate with increased levels of active p53. Ectopic expression of hTERT reduces the number of foci and the level of active p53, thereby decreasing sensitivity to growth factor depletion, which independently activates p53. The continuous presence of hTERT is not necessary for this effect, indicating that telomere maintenance, rather than the presence of the enzyme itself, is responsible for the increased ability to proliferate in the absence of growth factors. Our findings provide a previously unrecognized mechanistic explanation for the observation that ectopically expressed hTERT conveys growth advantages to cells, without having to postulate nontelomeric functions for the enzyme. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Buck Inst Age Res, Novato, CA 94945 USA. RP Yaswen, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Mailstop 977R22SA,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM p_yaswen@lbl.gov FU NIA NIH HHS [AG 09909, R37 AG009909] NR 34 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 13 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 11 BP 4431 EP 4436 DI 10.1073/pnas.0700260104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 146ZH UT WOS:000244972700035 PM 17360541 ER PT J AU Choi, IG Kim, SH AF Choi, In-Geol Kim, Sung-Hou TI Global extent of horizontal gene transfer SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE protein domain family; protein sequence family; lateral gene transfer ID UNIVERSAL ANCESTOR; BACTERIAL GENOMES; EVOLUTION; CLASSIFICATION; PROKARYOTES; INNOVATION; COMPLEXITY; PROTEINS; DATABASE; MODULES AB Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is thought to play an important role in the evolution of species and innovation of genomes. There have been many convincing evidences for HGT for specific genes or gene families, but there has been no estimate of the global extent of HGT. Here, we present a method of identifying HGT events within a given protein family and estimate the global extent of HGT in all curated protein domain families (approximate to 8,000) listed in the Pfam database. The results suggest four conclusions: (i) for all protein domain families in Pfam, the fixation of genes horizontally transferred is not a rampant phenomenon between organisms with substantial phylogenetic separations (1.1-9.7% of Pfam families surveyed at three taxonomic ranges studied show indication of HGT); (h) however, at the level of domains, > 50% of Archaea have one or more protein domains acquired by HGT, and nearly 30-50% of Bacteria did the same when examined at three taxonomic ranges. But, the equivalent value for Eukarya is < 10%; (iii) HGT will have very little impact in the construction of organism phylogeny, when the construction methods use whole genomes, large numbers of common genes, or SSU rRNAs; and (iv) there appears to be no strong preference of HGT for protein families of particular cellular or molecular functions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM shkim@cchem.berkeley.edu RI Choi, In-Geol/F-3152-2013 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM062412, GM 62412] NR 35 TC 78 Z9 85 U1 3 U2 17 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 13 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 11 BP 4489 EP 4494 DI 10.1073/pnas.0611557104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 146ZH UT WOS:000244972700045 PM 17360551 ER PT J AU Savage, VM Allen, AP Brown, JH Gillooly, JF Herman, AB Woodruff, WH West, GB AF Savage, Van M. Allen, Andrew P. Brown, James H. Gillooly, James F. Herman, Alexander B. Woodruff, William H. West, Geoffrey B. TI Scaling of number, size, and metabolic rate of cells with body size in mammals SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE allometry; body mass; cell number; cell size; cell types ID EUTHERIAN MAMMALS; TEMPERATURE; ALLOMETRY; TISSUE; EVOLUTION; BIOLOGY; WEIGHT; GROWTH; VOLUME; LEVEL AB The size and metabolic rate of cells affect processes from the molecular to the organismal level. We present a quantitative, theoretical framework for studying relationships among cell volume, cellular metabolic rate, body size, and whole-organism metabolic rate that helps reveal the feedback between these levels of organization. We use this framework to show that average cell volume and average cellular metabolic rate cannot both remain constant with changes in body size because of the well known body-size dependence of whole-organism metabolic rate. Based on empirical data compiled for 18 cell types in mammals, we find that many cell types, including erythrocytes, hepatocytes, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells, follow a strategy in which cellular metabolic rate is body size dependent and cell volume is body size invariant. We suggest that this scaling holds for all quickly dividing cells, and conversely, that slowly dividing cells are expected to follow a strategy in which cell volume is body size dependent and cellular metabolic rate is roughly invariant with body size. Data for slowly dividing neurons and adipocytes show that cell volume does indeed scale with body size. From these results, we argue that the particular strategy followed depends on the structural and functional properties of the cell type. We also discuss consequences of these two strategies for cell number and capillary densities. Our results and conceptual framework emphasize fundamental constraints that link the structure and function of cells to that of whole organisms. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Syst Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Bauer Lab, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Ctr Ecol Anal Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Savage, VM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Syst Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM van_savage@hms.harvard.edu; jhbrown@umn.edu RI Allen, Andrew/B-8045-2011 OI Allen, Andrew/0000-0003-0304-7544 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 36263, R01 DK036263]; NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM 68763, P50 GM068763] NR 42 TC 90 Z9 92 U1 3 U2 56 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 13 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 11 BP 4718 EP 4723 DI 10.1073/pnas.0611235104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 146ZH UT WOS:000244972700084 PM 17360590 ER PT J AU Pidkowich, MS Nguyen, HT Heilmann, I Ischebeck, T Shanklin, J AF Pidkowich, Mark S. Nguyen, Huu Tam Heilmann, Ingo Ischebeck, Till Shanklin, John TI Modulating seed beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase II level converts the composition of a temperate seed oil to that of a palm-like tropical oil SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE condensing enzyme; fatty acid biosynthesis; metabolic engineering; plant oil ID FATTY-ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TRANSGENIC CANOLA; GENE; THIOESTERASE; SPECIFICITY; DESATURASE; ENZYME; MUTANT; EXPRESSION AB beta-Ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACIP) synthase II (KASII) elongates 16:0-ACP to 18:0-ACP in the plastid, where it competes with three other enzymes at the first major branch point in fatty acid biosynthesis. Despite its key metabolic location, the influence of KASH in determining seed oil composition remains unclear, in part because the biochemical consequences of the fab1-1 mutation were unresolved. Thus, fab1-1, and a newly identified knockout allele, fab1-2, were analyzed in the context of the hypothesis that modulating KASH activity is sufficient to convert the composition of a temperate seed oil into that of a palm-like tropical oil. No homozygous fab1-2 individuals were identified in progeny of self-fertilized heterozygous fab1-2 plants, approximate to 1/4 of which aborted before the torpedo stage, suggesting that fab1-2 represents a complete loss of function and results in lethality when homozygous. Consistent with this hypothesis, homozygous fab1-2 plants were identified when a fab1-1 transgene was introduced, demonstrating that fab1-1 encodes an active KASH. Strong seed-specific hairpin-RNAi reductions in FAB1 expression resulted in abortion of approximate to 1/4 of the embryos in an apparent phenocopy of fab1-2 homozygosity. In less severe FAB1 hairpin-RNAi individuals, embryos developed normally and exhibited a 1:21 segregation ratio for palmitate accumulation. Thus, early embryo development appears sensitive to elevated 16:0, whereas at later stages, up to 53% of 16:0, i.e., a 7-fold increase over wild-type levels, is tolerated. These results resolve the role of KASH in seed metabolism and demonstrate that modulation of Arabidopsis KASH levels is sufficient to convert its temperate oilseed composition to that of a palm-like tropical oil. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Shanklin, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM shanklin@bnl.gov NR 27 TC 61 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 13 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 11 BP 4742 EP 4747 DI 10.1073/pnas.0611141104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 146ZH UT WOS:000244972700088 PM 17360594 ER PT J AU Armstrong, MR Reed, BW Torralva, BR Browning, ND AF Armstrong, Michael R. Reed, Bryan W. Torralva, Ben R. Browning, Nigel D. TI Prospects for electron imaging with ultrafast time resolution SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTION; MICROSCOPY; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; LITHOGRAPHY; SCATTERING; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; SPACE; BEAMS; LENS AB Many pivotal aspects of material science, biomechanics, and chemistry would benefit from nanometer imaging with ultrafast time resolution. Here the authors demonstrate the feasibility of short-pulse electron imaging with 10 nm/10 ps spatiotemporal resolution, sufficient to characterize phenomena that propagate at the speed of sound in materials (1-10 km/s) without smearing. The authors outline resolution-degrading effects that occur at high current density followed by strategies to mitigate these effects. Finally, the authors present a model electron imaging system that achieves 10 nm/10 ps spatiotemporal resolution. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Armstrong, MR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, POB 808,L-356, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM armstrong30@llnl.gov RI Reed, Bryan/C-6442-2013; Armstrong, Michael/I-9454-2012; OI Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 12 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 11 AR 114101 DI 10.1063/1.2712838 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 146UC UT WOS:000244959200110 ER PT J AU Mensah, SL Kayastha, VK Ivanov, IN Geohegan, DB Yap, YK AF Mensah, Samuel L. Kayastha, Vijaya K. Ivanov, Ilia N. Geohegan, David B. Yap, Yoke Khin TI Formation of single crystalline ZnO nanotubes without catalysts and templates SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ZINC-OXIDE; NANOWIRE ARRAYS; NANOBELTS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; TRANSISTORS; GROWTH AB Oxide and nitride nanotubes have gained attention for their large surface areas, wide energy band gaps, and hydrophilic natures for various innovative applications. These nanotubes were either grown by templates or multistep processes with uncontrollable crystallinity. Here the authors show that single crystal ZnO nanotubes can be directly grown on planar substrates without using catalysts and templates. These results are guided by the theory of nucleation and the vapor-solid crystal growth mechanism, which is applicable for transforming other nanowires or nanorods into nanotubular structures. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yap, YK (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM ykyap@mtu.edu RI ivanov, ilia/D-3402-2015; Geohegan, David/D-3599-2013; OI ivanov, ilia/0000-0002-6726-2502; Geohegan, David/0000-0003-0273-3139; Yap, Yoke Khin/0000-0002-1224-4120 NR 21 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 12 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 11 AR 113108 DI 10.1063/1.2714186 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 146UC UT WOS:000244959200080 ER PT J AU Moody, NA Jensen, KL Feldman, DW O'Shea, PG Montgomery, EJ AF Moody, N. A. Jensen, K. L. Feldman, D. W. O'Shea, P. G. Montgomery, E. J. TI Prototype dispenser photocathode: Demonstration and comparison to theory SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FREE-ELECTRON LASERS; CATHODE; METALS AB A method to significantly extend the operational lifetime of alkali-based photocathodes by diffusing cesium to the surface at moderate temperature is presented and shown to restore the quantum efficiency (QE) of cesiated tungsten. Experimental measurements of QE as a function of surface cesium coverage compare exceptionally well with a recent theoretical photoemission model, notably without the use of adjustable parameters. A prototype cesium dispenser cell is demonstrated and validates the concept upon which long-life dispenser photocathodes can be based. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Moody, NA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM nmoody@ieee.org RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 12 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 11 AR 114108 DI 10.1063/1.2713341 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 146UC UT WOS:000244959200117 ER PT J AU Mukerjee, S Moore, JE AF Mukerjee, Subroto Moore, Joel E. TI Doping dependence of thermopower and thermoelectricity in strongly correlated materials SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POWER; OXIDES AB The search for efficient semiconductor thermoelectrics has been greatly aided by theoretical modeling of electron and phonon transports in bulk materials and nanocomposites. Recent experiments have studied thermoelectric transport in thermoelectrics that are "strongly correlated" and derived by doping Mott insulators. Here a unified theory of electrical and thermal transport in the atomic and "Heikes" limit is applied to understand recent experiments on sodium cobaltate and other doped Mott insulators at room temperature and above. For optimal electron filling, a broad class of narrow-bandwidth correlated materials is shown to have thermoelectric power factors as high as in the best semiconductors. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mukerjee, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM smukerjee@lbl.gov RI Moore, Joel/O-4959-2016 OI Moore, Joel/0000-0002-4294-5761 NR 16 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 12 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 11 AR 112107 DI 10.1063/1.2712775 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 146UC UT WOS:000244959200045 ER PT J AU Wei, W Parker, SL Sun, YM White, JM Xiong, G Joly, AG Beck, KM Hess, WP AF Wei, Wei Parker, S. L. Sun, Y. -M. White, J. M. Xiong, Gang Joly, Alan G. Beck, Kenneth M. Hess, Wayne P. TI Study of copper diffusion through a ruthenium thin film by photoemission electron microscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BARRIER; CU AB Photoemission electron microscopy is used to study copper diffusion through a ruthenium thin film. The photoemission electron microscopy images display a large contrast between Cu and Ru due to the differences in work function, making photoemission electron microscopy an ideal methodology to study thin film diffusion in real time. Between 175 and 290 degrees C, Cu mainly diffuses through defect sites in the thin Ru film. Uniform diffusion of Cu through the Ru film begins at approximately 300 degrees C. The results are confirmed by x-ray photoemission spectroscopy depth profiling and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Mat Chem, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Hess, WP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM wayne.hess@pnl.gov NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 12 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 11 AR 111906 DI 10.1063/1.2712832 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 146UC UT WOS:000244959200029 ER PT J AU Zheng, HM Kreisel, J Chu, YH Ramesh, R Salamanca-Riba, L AF Zheng, Haimei Kreisel, Jens Chu, Ying-Hao Ramesh, R. Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes TI Heteroepitaxially enhanced magnetic anisotropy in BaTiO3-CoFe2O4 nanostructures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FILMS; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; NANOPARTICLES AB The authors have studied the magnetic properties of BaTiO3-CoFe2O4 nanostructures, which were prepared using pulsed laser deposition. Such nanostructures show a large uniaxial magnetic anisotropy with an easy axis along the pillar long direction. As the growth temperature decreases, the magnetic anisotropy increases. Careful analyses reveal that heteroepitaxial strain is the primary contribution to the magnetic anisotropy. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Grenoble Inst Technol, INPG, CNRS, Lab Mat & Genie Phys,Minatec, F-38016 Grenoble, France. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zheng, HM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NCEM, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM haimei@berkeley.edu; rramesh@berkeley.edu RI Ying-Hao, Chu/A-4204-2008; Kreisel, Jens/E-1939-2011; Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes/B-3785-2009 OI Ying-Hao, Chu/0000-0002-3435-9084; Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes/0000-0001-8155-6403 NR 20 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 35 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 12 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 11 AR 113113 DI 10.1063/1.2713131 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 146UC UT WOS:000244959200085 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S Derrick, M Magill, S Miglioranzi, S Musgrave, B Nicholass, D Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Pavel, N Molina, AGY Antonelli, S Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Bindi, M Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Cifarelli, L Cindolo, R Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Nania, R Polini, A Rinaldi, L Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Jakob, HP Jungst, M Kind, OM Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Samson, U Schonberg, V Wang, M Wlasenko, M Brook, NH Heath, GP Morris, JD Namsoo, T Capua, M Fazio, S Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Tassi, E Kim, JY Ma, KJ Ibrahim, ZA Kamaluddin, B Abdullah, WATW Ning, Y Ren, Z Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Galas, A Gil, M Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Lukasik, J Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Kotanski, A Slominski, W Adler, V Behrens, U Bloch, I Bonato, A Borras, K Coppola, N Fourletova, J Geiser, A Gladkov, D Gottlicher, P Gregor, I Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Horn, C Kahle, B Kotz, U Kowalski, H Lim, H Lobodzinska, E Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Montanari, A Nguyen, CN Notz, D Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Santamarta, R Schneekloth, U Spiridonov, A Stadie, H Stosslein, U Szuba, D Szuba, J Theedt, T Watt, G Wolf, G Wrona, K Youngman, C Zeuner, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Dobur, D Karstens, F Vlasov, NN Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Dunne, W Ferrando, J Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Gosau, T Holm, U Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Salehi, H Schleper, P Schorner-Sadenius, T Sztuk, J Wichmann, K Wick, K Foudas, C Fry, C Long, KR Tapper, AD Kataoka, M Matsumoto, T Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Dossanov, A Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Son, D de Favereau, J Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Glasman, C Jimenez, M Labarga, L del Peso, J Ron, E Terron, J Zambrana, M Corriveau, F Liu, C Walsh, R Zhou, C Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Dolgoshein, BA Rubinsky, I Sosnovtsev, V Stifutkin, A Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Gladilin, LK Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Zotkin, DS Zotkin, SA Abt, I Buttner, C Caldwell, A Kollar, D Schmidke, WB Sutiak, J Grigorescu, G Keramidas, A Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Pellegrino, A Tiecke, H Vazquez, M Wiggers, L Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Lee, A Ling, TY Allfrey, PD Bell, MA Cooper-Sarkar, AM Cottrell, A Devenish, RCE Foster, B Gwenlan, C Korcsak-Gorzo, K Patel, S Roberfroid, V Robertson, A Straub, PB Uribe-Estrada, C Walczak, R Bellan, P Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Ciesielski, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Stanco, L Turcato, M Oh, BY Raval, A Ukleja, J Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cole, JE Hart, JC Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Ingbir, R Kananov, S Levy, A Kuze, M Hori, R Kagawa, S Shimizu, S Tawara, T Hamatsu, R Kaji, H Kitamura, S Ota, O Ri, YD Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Sacchi, R Solano, A Arneodo, M Ruspa, M Fourletov, S Martin, JF Boutle, SK Butterworth, JM Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Loizides, JH Sutton, MR Targett-Adams, C Wing, M Brzozowska, B Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Kulinski, P Luzniak, P Malka, J Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Giller, I Hochman, D Karshon, U Rosin, M Brownson, E Danielson, T Everett, A Kcira, D Reeder, DD Ryan, P Savin, AA Smith, WH Wolfe, H Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Cui, Y Hartner, G Menary, S Noor, U Soares, M Standage, J Whyte, J AF Chekanov, S. Derrick, M. Magill, S. Miglioranzi, S. Musgrave, B. Nicholass, D. Repond, J. Yoshida, R. Mattingly, M. C. K. Pavel, N. Molina, A. G. Yaguees Antonelli, S. Antonioli, P. Bari, G. Basile, M. Bellagamba, L. Bindi, M. Boscherini, D. Bruni, A. Bruni, G. Cifarelli, L. Cindolo, R. Contin, A. Corradi, M. De Pasquale, S. Iacobucci, G. Margotti, A. Nania, R. Polini, A. Rinaldi, L. Sartorelli, G. Zichichi, A. Aghuzumtsyan, G. Bartsch, D. Brock, I. Goers, S. Hartmann, H. Hilger, E. Jakob, H. -P. Juengst, M. Kind, O. M. Paul, E. Rautenberg, J. Renner, R. Samson, U. Schoenberg, V. Wang, M. Wlasenko, M. Brook, N. H. Heath, G. P. Morris, J. D. Namsoo, T. Capua, M. Fazio, S. Mastroberardino, A. Schioppa, M. Susinno, G. Tassi, E. Kim, J. Y. Ma, K. J. Ibrahim, Z. A. Kamaluddin, B. Abdullah, W. A. T. Wan Ning, Y. Ren, Z. Sciulli, F. Chwastowski, J. Eskreys, A. Figiel, J. Galas, A. Gil, M. Olkiewicz, K. Stopa, P. Zawiejski, L. Adamczyk, L. Bold, T. Grabowska-Bold, I. Kisielewska, D. Lukasik, J. Przybycien, M. Suszycki, L. Kotanski, A. Slominski, W. Adler, V. Behrens, U. Bloch, I. Bonato, A. Borras, K. Coppola, N. Fourletova, J. Geiser, A. Gladkov, D. Goettlicher, P. Gregor, I. Gutsche, O. Haas, T. Hain, W. Horn, C. Kahle, B. Koetz, U. Kowalski, H. Lim, H. Lobodzinska, E. Loehr, B. Mankel, R. Melzer-Pellmann, I. -A. Montanari, A. Nguyen, C. N. Notz, D. Nuncio-Quiroz, A. E. Santamarta, R. Schneekloth, U. Spiridonov, A. Stadie, H. Stoesslein, U. Szuba, D. Szuba, J. Theedt, T. Watt, G. Wolf, G. Wrona, K. Youngman, C. Zeuner, W. Schlenstedt, S. Barbagli, G. Gallo, E. Pelfer, P. G. Bamberger, A. Dobur, D. Karstens, F. Vlasov, N. N. Bussey, P. J. Doyle, A. T. Dunne, W. Ferrando, J. Saxon, D. H. Skillicorn, I. O. Gialas, I. Gosau, T. Holm, U. Klanner, R. Lohrmann, E. Salehi, H. Schleper, P. Schoerner-Sadenius, T. Sztuk, J. Wichmann, K. Wick, K. Foudas, C. Fry, C. Long, K. R. Tapper, A. D. Kataoka, M. Matsumoto, T. Nagano, K. Tokushuku, K. Yamada, S. Yamazaki, Y. Barakbaev, A. N. Boos, E. G. Dossanov, A. Pokrovskiy, N. S. Zhautykov, B. O. Son, D. de Favereau, J. Piotrzkowski, K. Barreiro, F. Glasman, C. Jimenez, M. Labarga, L. del Peso, J. Ron, E. Terron, J. Zambrana, M. Corriveau, F. Liu, C. Walsh, R. Zhou, C. Tsurugai, T. Antonov, A. Dolgoshein, B. A. Rubinsky, I. Sosnovtsev, V. Stifutkin, A. Suchkov, S. Dementiev, R. K. Ermolov, P. F. Gladilin, L. K. Katkov, I. I. Khein, L. A. Korzhavina, I. A. Kuzmin, V. A. Levchenko, B. B. Lukina, O. Yu. Proskuryakov, A. S. Shcheglova, L. M. Zotkin, D. S. Zotkin, S. A. Abt, I. Buettner, C. Caldwell, A. Kollar, D. Schmidke, W. B. Sutiak, J. Grigorescu, G. Keramidas, A. Koffeman, E. Kooijman, P. Pellegrino, A. Tiecke, H. Vazquez, M. Wiggers, L. Brummer, N. Bylsma, B. Durkin, L. S. Lee, A. Ling, T. Y. Allfrey, P. D. Bell, M. A. Cooper-Sarkar, A. M. Cottrell, A. Devenish, R. C. E. Foster, B. Gwenlan, C. Korcsak-Gorzo, K. Patel, S. Roberfroid, V. Robertson, A. Straub, P. B. Uribe-Estrada, C. Walczak, R. Bellan, P. Bertolin, A. Brugnera, R. Carlin, R. Ciesielski, R. Dal Corso, F. Dusini, S. Garfagnini, A. Limentani, S. Longhin, A. Stanco, L. Turcato, M. Oh, B. Y. Raval, A. Ukleja, J. Whitmore, J. J. Iga, Y. D'Agostini, G. Marini, G. Nigro, A. Cole, J. E. Hart, J. C. Abramowicz, H. Gabareen, A. Ingbir, R. Kananov, S. Levy, A. Kuze, M. Hori, R. Kagawa, S. Shimizu, S. Tawara, T. Hamatsu, R. Kaji, H. Kitamura, S. Ota, O. Ri, Y. D. Ferrero, M. I. Monaco, V. Sacchi, R. Solano, A. Arneodo, M. Ruspa, M. Fourletov, S. Martin, J. F. Boutle, S. K. Butterworth, J. M. Hall-Wilton, R. Jones, T. W. Loizides, J. H. Sutton, M. R. Targett-Adams, C. Wing, M. Brzozowska, B. Ciborowski, J. Grzelak, G. Kulinski, P. Luzniak, P. Malka, J. Nowak, R. J. Pawlak, J. M. Tymieniecka, T. Ukleja, A. Zarnecki, A. F. Adamus, M. Plucinski, P. Eisenberg, Y. Giller, I. Hochman, D. Karshon, U. Rosin, M. Brownson, E. Danielson, T. Everett, A. Kcira, D. Reeder, D. D. Ryan, P. Savin, A. A. Smith, W. H. Wolfe, H. Bhadra, S. Catterall, C. D. Cui, Y. Hartner, G. Menary, S. Noor, U. Soares, M. Standage, J. Whyte, J. CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Inclusive-jet and dijet cross sections in deep inelastic scattering at HERA SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID LEPTON-NUCLEON SCATTERING; CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; MONTE-CARLO GENERATOR; COLOR DIPOLE MODEL; QCD ANALYSIS; HADRON-COLLISIONS; E+E-PHYSICS; BREIT FRAME; NLO QCD AB Inclusive-jet and dijet differential cross sections have been measured in neutral current deep inelastic ep scattering for exchanged boson virtualities Q(2) > 125 GeV2 with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 82 pb(-1). Jets were identified in the Breit frame using the k(T) cluster algorithm. Jet cross sections are presented as functions of several kinematic and jet variables. The results are also presented in different regions of Q2. Next-to-leading-order QCD calculations describe the measurements well. Regions of phase space where the theoretical uncertainties are small have been identified. Measurements in these regions have the potential to constrain the gluon density in the proton when used as inputs to global fits of the proton parton distribution functions. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Berlin, Germany. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. Univ Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10027 USA. Polish Acad Sci, H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Appl Comp Sci, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY, Zeuthen, Germany. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Aegean, Dept Engn Management & Finance, Aegean, Greece. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Inst Phys & Technol, Minist Educ & Sci, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taejon, South Korea. Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Phys Nucl, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Turin, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. INP, Krakow, Poland. Max Planck Inst, Munich, Germany. RP Gallo, E (reprint author), Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. EM gallo@mail.desy.de RI Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; IBRAHIM, ZAINOL ABIDIN/C-1121-2010; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; WAN ABDULLAH, WAN AHMAD TAJUDDIN/B-5439-2010; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015 OI dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Watt, Graeme/0000-0003-0775-6604; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Longhin, Andrea/0000-0001-9103-9936; Gutsche, Oliver/0000-0002-8015-9622; Raval, Amita/0000-0003-0164-4337; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520 NR 60 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 EI 1873-1562 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD MAR 12 PY 2007 VL 765 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2006.09.018 PG 30 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 140FO UT WOS:000244490100001 ER PT J AU Glascoe, EA Kling, MF Shanoski, JE DiStasio, RA Payne, CK Mork, BV Tilley, TD Harris, CB AF Glascoe, Elizabeth A. Kling, Matthias F. Shanoski, Jennifer E. DiStasio, Robert A., Jr. Payne, Christine K. Mork, Benjamin V. Tilley, T. Don Harris, Charles B. TI Photoinduced beta-hydrogen elimination and radical formation with CpW(CO)(3)(CH2CH3): Ultrafast IR and DFT studies SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID FEMTOSECOND TRANSIENT ABSORPTION; RESOLVED INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; PHOTOCHEMICAL DISPROPORTIONATION; EQUILIBRIUM GEOMETRIES; TRANSITION-STATES; GAS MATRICES; LEWIS-BASES; COMPLEXES; DYNAMICS AB The initial steps of beta-hydrogen elimination from the complex CpW(CO)(3)(CH2CH3) were studied using ultrafast infrared and step-scan FTIR spectroscopy combined with density functional theory calculations. The reaction was initiated by a pulse of UV light at 266 nm and followed with infrared light on the femto- to microsecond timescale, allowing for the identification and kinetic characterization of transients. In the process of beta-H elimination, the primary photoproduct was found to be an alpha-H stabilized complex and the dynamics of the elusive species cis-CpW(CO)(3)(H)(CH2CH2) were resolved, allowing for a full kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of the reaction. In a side reaction, CpW(CO)(3)(center dot) is formed via ethyl ligand dissociation; the measured formation rate indicates that the complex forms from a vibrationally excited parent complex. Density functional theory calculations of all relevant transient intermediates and transition states involved in beta-H elimination of CpW(CO)(3)(CH2CH3) are presented. These calculations show two principle mechanisms of beta-H elimination, which are discussed in the context of the experimental data. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Harris, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cbharris@berkeley.edu RI Payne, Christine/E-5954-2010; Kling, Matthias/D-3742-2014 NR 53 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD MAR 12 PY 2007 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1424 EP 1432 DI 10.1021/om060455i PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 141PO UT WOS:000244591400019 ER PT J AU Fellhauer, M Evans, NW Belokurov, V Zucker, DB Yanny, B Wilkinson, MI Gilmore, G Irwin, MJ Bramich, DM Vidrih, S Hewett, P Beers, T AF Fellhauer, M. Evans, N. W. Belokurov, V. Zucker, D. B. Yanny, B. Wilkinson, M. I. Gilmore, G. Irwin, M. J. Bramich, D. M. Vidrih, S. Hewett, P. Beers, T. TI Is Ursa Major II the progenitor of the Orphan Stream? SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE methods : N-body simulations; galaxies : dwarf; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : individual; UMa II; galaxies : kinematics and dynamics ID HIGH-VELOCITY; DWARF GALAXY; SKY SURVEY; MILKY-WAY; SAGITTARIUS; SATELLITE; MODELS; HALO AB Prominent in the 'Field of Streams' - the Sloan Digital Sky Survey map of substructure in the Galactic halo - is an 'Orphan Stream' without obvious progenitor. In this numerical study, we show a possible connection between the newly found dwarf satellite Ursa Major II (UMa II) and the Orphan Stream. We provide numerical simulations of the disruption of UMa II that match the observational data on the position, distance and morphology of the Orphan Stream. We predict the radial velocity of UMa II as -100 km s(-1), as well as the existence of strong velocity gradients along the Orphan Stream. The velocity dispersion of UMa II is expected to be high, though this can be caused both by a high dark matter content or by the presence of unbound stars in a disrupted remnant. However, the existence of a gradient in the mean radial velocity across UMa II provides a clear-cut distinction between these possibilities. The simulations support the idea that some of the anomalous, young halo globular clusters like Palomar 1 or Arp 2 or Ruprecht 106 may be physically associated with the Orphan Stream. C1 Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Joint Inst Nucl Astrophys, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Fellhauer, M (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. EM madf@ast.cam.ac.uk; nwe@ast.cam.ac.uk; vasily@ast.cam.ac.uk NR 16 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAR 11 PY 2007 VL 375 IS 4 BP 1171 EP 1179 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.11404.x PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 139GE UT WOS:000244419500005 ER PT J AU Akchurin, N Atramentov, O Dimitrov, L Hauptman, J Kim, H Los, S Sergeev, S Vankov, I AF Akchurin, N. Atramentov, O. Dimitrov, L. Hauptman, J. Kim, H. Los, S. Sergeev, S. Vankov, I. TI High voltage system for the CMS forward calorimeter SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE calorimeter; photomultiplier; power supply system AB The power supply system developed for the photomultipliers (PMTs) of the forward calorimeter (HF) of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider is described. The 1728 PMTs of the HF are divided into 24 clusters of 72 with similar gain value. All of the PMTs within each cluster are powered by the same three high voltage (HV) power supplies, making a total of only 72 power supplies in the entire system. In this so-called parallel dynode voltage distribution, the three HV power supplies can be adjusted from 0 to -2000, -800, and -400V, respectively. All output voltages are floating to facilitate a single-point ground configuration. The system is computer controlled and integrated into the CMS detector slow control facility. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Nucl Energy Res, Sofia 1784, Bulgaria. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. RP Vankov, I (reprint author), Inst Nucl Energy Res, Blv Tzarigradsko Str 72, Sofia 1784, Bulgaria. EM ivankov@inrne.bas.bg NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 11 PY 2007 VL 572 IS 2 BP 618 EP 623 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.11.057 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 154NK UT WOS:000245514100009 ER PT J AU Groom, DE AF Groom, Donald E. TI Energy flow in a hadronic cascade: Application to hadron calorimetry SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE hadron calorimetry; hadron cascades; sampling calorimetry ID SCINTILLATING-FIBER CALORIMETER; PARTICLE IDENTIFICATION; SILICON DETECTORS; BEAM TESTS; URANIUM; PERFORMANCE; IONIZATION; ELECTRON; PHYSICS; PION AB The hadronic cascade description developed in an earlier paper is extended to the response of an idealized fine-sampling hadron calorimeter. Calorimeter response is largely determined by the transfer of energy E-pi(0) from the hadronic to the electromagnetic sector via pi(0) production. Fluctuations in this quantity produce the "constant term" in hadron calorimeter resolution. The increase of its fractional mean, f(pi 0)(0) = (E-pi 0)/E, with increasing incident energy E causes the energy dependence of the pi/e ratio in a noncompensating calorimeter. The mean hadronic energy fraction, f(h)(0) = 1 f(pi 0)(0), was shown to scale very nearly as a power law in E: f(h)(0) = (E/E-0)(m-1), 7 h h where E-0 approximate to 1 GeV for pions, and m approximate to 0.83. It follows that pi/e = 1 - (1-h/e)(E/E-0)(m-1), where electromagnetic and hadronic energy deposits are detected with efficiencies e and h, respectively. If the mean fraction of f(h)(0) which is deposited as nuclear gamma rays isfo, then h the expression becomes pi/e = 1 - (1 - h'/e)(1-f(gamma)(0))(E/E-0)(m-1). Fluctuations in these quantities, along with sampling fluctuations, are incorporated to give an overall understanding of resolution, which is different from the usual treatments in interesting ways. The conceptual framework is also extended to the response to jets and the difference between 7T and p response. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Groom, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 50R6008, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM deg@lbl.gov NR 64 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 11 PY 2007 VL 572 IS 2 BP 633 EP 653 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.11.070 PG 21 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 154NK UT WOS:000245514100011 ER PT J AU Stepanyan, S Boyarinov, S Egiyan, H Guo, L Dale, D Gabrielyan, M Gan, L Gasparian, A Glamazdin, A Mecking, B Nakagawa, I Teymurazyan, A Wood, MH AF Stepanyan, S. Boyarinov, S. Egiyan, H. Guo, L. Dale, D. Gabrielyan, M. Gan, L. Gasparian, A. Glamazdin, A. Mecking, B. Nakagawa, I. Teymurazyan, A. Wood, M. H. TI Energy calibration of the JLab bremsstrahlung tagging system SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE photon tagger; photon beam; pair spectrometer; CLAS; energy corrections; micro-strip detector AB In this report, we present the energy calibration of the Hall B bremsstrahlung tagging system at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The calibration was performed using a magnetic pair spectrometer. The tagged photon energy spectrum was measured in coincidence with e(+)e(-) pairs as a function of the pair spectrometer magnetic field. Taking advantage of the internal linearity of the pair spectrometer, the energy of the tagging system was calibrated at the level of +/- 0.1%E. The absolute energy scale was determined using the e+e- rate measurements close to the end-point of the photon spectrum. The energy variations across the full tagging range were found to be < 3 MeV. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Kharkov Phys & Technol Inst, UA-61108 Kharkov, Ukraine. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ N Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. RP Stepanyan, S (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM stepanyan@jlab.org OI Glamazdin, Alexander/0000-0002-4172-7324 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 11 PY 2007 VL 572 IS 2 BP 654 EP 661 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.12.009 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 154NK UT WOS:000245514100012 ER PT J AU Milbrath, BD Choate, BJ Fast, JE Hensley, WK Kouzes, RT Schweppe, JE AF Milbrath, B. D. Choate, B. J. Fast, J. E. Hensley, W. K. Kouzes, R. T. Schweppe, J. E. TI Comparison of LaBr3 : Ce and NAI(Tl) scintillators for radio-isotope identification devices SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE lanthanum bromide; sodium iodide; scintillator; RIID; lanthanum-138; isotope identification ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; LACL3-CE; CONTAMINATION AB Lanthanum bromide (LaBr3:Ce) scintillators offer significantly better resolution (< 3 percent at 662 keV) relative to sodium iodide (NaI(Tl)) but contain internal radioactivity that contributes to spectral counts. LaBr3:Ce has recently become available commercially in sizes large enough for the hand-held radio-isotope identification device (RIID) market. To study its potential for RIIDs, a series of measurements were performed comparing a 1.5 x 1.5-in. LaBr3:Ce detector with an Exploranium GR-135 RIID, which contains a 1.5 x 2.2-in. NaI(Tl) detector. Measurements were taken for short time frames and included examples of naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM), typically found in cargo, and special nuclear materials. To facilitate direct comparison, spectra from the different detectors were analyzed with the same isotope identification software (ORTEC ScintiVision (TM)). In general, the LaBr3:Ce detector was able to find more peaks and find them faster than the NaI(Tl) detector. To the same level of significance, the LaBr3:Ce detector was usually two to three times faster. The notable exception was for K-40-containing NORM where interfering internal activity due to La-138 in the LaBr3:Ce detector exists and NaI(Tl) consistently outperformed LaBr3:Ce. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Milbrath, BD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MS P8-20,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM brian.milbrath@pnl.gov NR 26 TC 45 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 11 PY 2007 VL 572 IS 2 BP 774 EP 784 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.12.003 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 154NK UT WOS:000245514100028 ER PT J AU Hoover, AS AF Hoover, A. S. TI Characterization of the virtual point detector effect for coaxial HPGe detectors using Monte Carlo simulation SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE virtual point detector; Monte Carlo; simulation; coaxial HPGe AB The scaling of detector efficiency with source distance is generally a complex function of the detector shape and measurement geometry. The concept of a virtual point detector has been developed and validated in the past for Ge (Li) and HPGe detectors to deal with this problem. Characterizing the virtual point detector effect has traditionally involved tedious and time-consuming measurements at multiple energies and source distances. The situation is therefore well suited to a Monte Carlo approach. In this paper, the results of using Monte Carlo simulation to characterize the virtual point detector effect for large-volume coaxial HPGe detectors are presented. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hoover, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B228, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ahoover@lanl.gov NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 11 PY 2007 VL 572 IS 2 BP 839 EP 843 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.12.031 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 154NK UT WOS:000245514100036 ER PT J AU Muhrer, G Hill, T Tovesson, F Pitcher, E AF Muhrer, G. Hill, T. Tovesson, F. Pitcher, E. TI Comparison of the measured and the calculated total thermal neutron cross-section of Pb SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE scattering kernel ID BEAM CHARACTERISTICS; SCATTERING-CENTER; LUJAN-CENTER AB Lead is one of the materials commonly used in the design of neutron sources. However, with the increased accuracy expectations of the predictions for these sources it is no longer prudent to represent the neutron cross-section of lead in the thermal regime by the free gas model. We have therefore generated a scattering kernel for lead for which we have replaced the ideal gas approximation by a generalized crystallographic model, which includes the crystal structure of lead and the inelastic scattering in terms of the phonon spectrum of the material. These theoretical results then were compared to measurements. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Muhrer, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM muhrer@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 11 PY 2007 VL 572 IS 2 BP 866 EP 873 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.12.021 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 154NK UT WOS:000245514100040 ER PT J AU Catanesi, MG Radicioni, E Edgecock, R Ellis, M Robbins, S Soler, FJP Gossling, C Bunyatov, S Chelkov, G Chukanov, A Dedovitch, D Gostkin, M Guskov, A Khartchenko, D Klimov, O Krasnoperov, A Kroumchtein, Z Kustov, D Nefedov, Y Popov, B Serdiouk, V Tereshchenko, V Zhemchugov, A Di Capua, E Vidal-Sitjes, G Artamonov, A Arce, P Giani, S Gilardoni, S Gorbunov, P Grant, A Grossheim, A Gruber, P Ivanchenko, V Kayis-Topaksu, A Panman, J Papadopoulos, I Pasternak, J Tcherniaev, E Tsukerman, I Veenhotf, R Wiebusch, C Zucchelli, P Blondel, A Borghi, S Campanelli, M Cervera-Villanueva, A Morone, MC Prior, G Schroeter, R Kato, I Nakaya, T Nishikawa, K Ueda, S Gastaldi, U Mills, GB Graulich, JS Gregoire, G Bonesini, M De Min, A Ferri, F Paganoni, M Paleari, F Kirsanov, M Bagulya, A Grichine, V Polukhina, N Palladino, V Coney, L Schmitz, D Barr, G De Santo, A Pattison, C Zuber, K Bobisut, F Gibin, D Guglielmi, A Laveder, M Menegolli, A Mezzetto, M Dumarchez, J Vannucci, F Ammosov, V Koreshev, V Semak, A Zaets, V Dore, U Orestanov, D Pastorev, F Tonazzo, A Tortorav, L Booth, C Buttar, C Hodgson, P Howlett, L Bogomilov, M Chizhov, M Kolev, D Tsenov, R Piperov, S Temnikov, P Apollonio, M Chimenti, P Giannini, G Santin, G Hayato, Y Ichikawa, A Kobayashi, T Burguet-Castell, J Gomez-Cadenas, JJ Novella, P Sorel, M Tornero, A AF Catanesi, M. G. Radicioni, E. Edgecock, R. Ellis, M. Robbins, S. Soler, F. J. P. Goessling, C. Bunyatov, S. Chelkov, G. Chukanov, A. Dedovitch, D. Gostkin, M. Guskov, A. Khartchenko, D. Klimov, O. Krasnoperov, A. Kroumchtein, Z. Kustov, D. Nefedov, Y. Popov, B. Serdiouk, V. Tereshchenko, V. Zhemchugov, A. Di Capua, E. Vidal-Sitjes, G. Artamonov, A. Arce, P. Giani, S. Gilardoni, S. Gorbunov, P. Grant, A. Grossheim, A. Gruber, P. Ivanchenko, V. Kayis-Topaksu, A. Panman, J. Papadopoulos, I. Pasternak, J. Tcherniaev, E. Tsukerman, I. Veenhotf, R. Wiebusch, C. Zucchelli, P. Blondel, A. Borghi, S. Campanelli, M. Cervera-Villanueva, A. Morone, M. C. Prior, G. Schroeter, R. Kato, I. Nakaya, T. Nishikawa, K. Ueda, S. Gastaldi, U. Mills, G. B. Graulich, J. S. Gregoire, G. Bonesini, M. De Min, A. Ferri, F. Paganoni, M. Paleari, F. Kirsanov, M. Bagulya, A. Grichine, V. Polukhina, N. Palladino, V. Coney, L. Schmitz, D. Barr, G. De Santo, A. Pattison, C. Zuber, K. Bobisut, F. Gibin, D. Guglielmi, A. Laveder, M. Menegolli, A. Mezzetto, M. Dumarchez, J. Vannucci, F. Ammosov, V. Koreshev, V. Semak, A. Zaets, V. Dore, U. Orestanov, D. Pastorev, F. Tonazzo, A. Tortorav, L. Booth, C. Buttar, C. Hodgson, P. Howlett, L. Bogomilov, M. Chizhov, M. Kolev, D. Tsenov, R. Piperov, S. Temnikov, P. Apollonio, M. Chimenti, P. Giannini, G. Santin, G. Hayato, Y. Ichikawa, A. Kobayashi, T. Burguet-Castell, J. Gomez-Cadenas, J. J. Novella, P. Sorel, M. Tornero, A. TI Particle identification algorithms for the HARP forward spectrometer SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE particle identification; threshold Cherenkov; time of flight; hadron production; cross-section ID CHORUS EXPERIMENT; CONSTRUCTION; CALORIMETER; PERFORMANCE; PIONS AB The particle identification (PID) methods used for the calculation of secondary pion yields with the HARP forward spectrometer are presented. Information from time of flight and Cherenkov detectors is combined using likelihood techniques. The efficiencies and purities associated with the different PID selection criteria are obtained from the data. For the proton-aluminium interactions at 12.9 GeV/c incident momentum, the PID efficiencies for positive pions are 86% in the momentum range below 2 GeV/c, 92% between 2 and 3 GeV/c and 98% in the momentum range above 3 GeV/c. The purity of the selection is better than 92% for all momenta. Special emphasis has been put on understanding the main error sources. The final PID uncertainty on the pion yield is 3.3%. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bari, Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Chilton, England. Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia. Univ Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Geneva, Sect Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, Japan. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. UCL, Inst Phys Nucl, Louvain, Belgium. Univ Milan, Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milan, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Inst Phys, FIAN, Moscow, Russia. Univ Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Naples, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Oxford, Nucl & Astrophys Lab, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. Univ Padua, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, LPNHE, Paris, France. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, Rome, Italy. RP Cervera-Villanueva, A (reprint author), Univ Bari, Bari, Italy. EM anselmo.cervera.villanueva@cern.ch RI Paganoni, Marco/A-4235-2016; Morone, Maria Cristina/P-4407-2016; Temnikov, Petar/L-6999-2016; Booth, Christopher/B-5263-2016; Graulich, Jean-Sebastien/B-4806-2009; Buttar, Craig/D-3706-2011; Chimenti, Pietro/F-9898-2012; Wiebusch, Christopher/G-6490-2012; Prior, Gersende/I-8191-2013; Bagulya, Alexander/D-4273-2014; Novella, Pau/K-2845-2014; Gomez Cadenas, Juan Jose/L-2003-2014; Grichine, Vladimir/M-8526-2015; Polukhina, Natalia/E-1610-2014; Arce, Pedro/L-1268-2014; Soler, Paul/E-8464-2011; Tcherniaev, Evgueni/G-3453-2016 OI Paganoni, Marco/0000-0003-2461-275X; Morone, Maria Cristina/0000-0002-0200-0632; Temnikov, Petar/0000-0002-9559-3384; DE MIN, ALBERTO/0000-0002-8130-9389; Prior, Gersende/0000-0002-6058-1420; Booth, Christopher/0000-0002-6051-2847; Sorel, Michel/0000-0003-2141-9508; Chimenti, Pietro/0000-0002-9755-5066; Wiebusch, Christopher/0000-0002-6418-3008; Novella, Pau/0000-0002-0923-3172; Gomez Cadenas, Juan Jose/0000-0002-8224-7714; Arce, Pedro/0000-0003-3009-0484; Soler, Paul/0000-0002-4893-3729; Tcherniaev, Evgueni/0000-0002-3685-0635 NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 11 PY 2007 VL 572 IS 2 BP 899 EP 921 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.11.071 PG 23 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 154NK UT WOS:000245514100044 ER PT J AU Hasnah, MO Zhong, Z Parham, C Zhang, H Chapman, D AF Hasnah, M. O. Zhong, Z. Parham, C. Zhang, H. Chapman, D. TI Compositional images from the diffraction enhanced Imaging technique SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE composition of material; spectroscopy; computed tomography; diffraction enhanced Imaging; X-ray ID MASS-DENSITY IMAGES; REFRACTION AB Diffraction Enhanced Imaging (DEI) derives X-ray contrast from absorption, refraction, and extinction. While the refraction angle image of DEI represents the gradient of the projected mass density of the object, the absorption image measures the projected attenuation ((mu t) over bar) of an object. Using a simple integral method it has been shown that a mass density image ((rho t) over bar) can be obtained from the refraction angle image. It then is a simple matter to develop a combinational image by dividing these two images to create a mu/rho image. The mu/rho is a fundamental property of a material and is therefore useful for identifying the composition of an object. In projection X-ray imaging the mu/rho image identifies the integrated composition of the elements along the beam path. When applied to DEI computed tomography (CT), the image identifies the composition in each voxel. This method presents a new type of spectroscopy based in radiography. We present the method of obtaining the compositional image, the results of experiments in which we verify the method with known standards and an application of the method to breast cancer imaging. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Qatar Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Doha, Qatar. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Div Biomed Engn, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada. Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada. RP Hasnah, MO (reprint author), Qatar Univ, Dept Math & Phys, POB 2713, Doha, Qatar. EM mhasnah@qu.edu.qa RI Chapman, Dean/I-6168-2013 OI Chapman, Dean/0000-0001-6590-4156 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 11 PY 2007 VL 572 IS 2 BP 953 EP 957 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.11.066 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 154NK UT WOS:000245514100051 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Chapman, D Zhong, Z Parham, C Gupta, M AF Zhang, H. Chapman, D. Zhong, Z. Parham, C. Gupta, M. TI Crystal tilt error and its correction in diffraction enhanced imaging system SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE X-ray imaging; diffraction enhanced imaging; multiple image radiography; X-ray monochromator; crystal analyzer ID MAMMOGRAPHY; HISTOLOGY AB In the experimental setup for Diffraction Enhanced Imaging (DEI) and its extension, Multiple-Image Radiography (MIR), it is essential to have the two or three crystals angularly aligned relative to one another around two orthogonal axes; the angle around an axis perpendicular to the diffraction plane (the Bragg angle) and also around a perpendicular axis in the plane (azimuthal angle). The appearance of the azimuthal angle (tilt error) will complicate the interpretation of the DEI/MIR images by creating a systematic change in the Bragg angle across the width of the imaging beam which in turn creates intensity variations across the imaging field. In this paper we present the effect of a tilt error, its estimation from the resulting images, and a method to correct such an error for the DEI/MIR images. The analysis and results will also apply to multiple crystal systems with tilt errors, such as monochromators on synchrotron beamlines. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada. Univ Saskatchewan, Div Biomed Engn, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Radiol, UNC Biomed Res Imaging Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Coll Engn, Intelligent Syst Res Lab, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada. EM hoz795@mail.usask.ca RI Chapman, Dean/I-6168-2013 OI Chapman, Dean/0000-0001-6590-4156 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 11 PY 2007 VL 572 IS 2 BP 961 EP 970 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.12.019 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 154NK UT WOS:000245514100053 ER PT J AU Bowden, NS Bernstein, A Allen, M Brennan, JS Cunningham, M Estrada, JK Greaves, CMR Hagmann, C Lund, J Mengesha, W Weinbeck, TD Winant, CD AF Bowden, N. S. Bernstein, A. Allen, M. Brennan, J. S. Cunningham, M. Estrada, J. K. Greaves, C. M. R. Hagmann, C. Lund, J. Mengesha, W. Weinbeck, T. D. Winant, C. D. TI Experimental results from an antineutrino detector for cooperative monitoring of nuclear reactors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE nuclear reactor safeguards; antineutrino detection; gadolimum loaded liquid scintillator ID NEUTRON-PRODUCTION; CONTAINMENTS; SIMULATION AB Our collaboration has designed, installed, and operated a compact antineutrino detector at a nuclear power station, for the purpose of monitoring the power and plutonium content of the reactor core. This paper focuses on the basic properties and performance of the detector. We describe the site, the reactor source, and the detector, and provide data that clearly show the expected antineutrino signal. Our data and experience demonstrate that it is possible to operate a simple, relatively small, antineutrino detector near a reactor, in a non-intrusive and unattended mode for months to years at a time, from outside the reactor containment, with no disruption of day-today operations at the reactor site. This unique real-time cooperative monitoring capability may be of interest for the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) reactor safeguards program and similar regimes. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bowden, NS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM nbowden@sandia.gov OI Greaves, Colin/0000-0002-9568-3697; Bowden, Nathaniel/0000-0002-6115-0956 NR 20 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 11 PY 2007 VL 572 IS 2 BP 985 EP 998 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.12.015 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 154NK UT WOS:000245514100056 ER PT J AU Barriere, N von Ballmoos, P Skinner, G Smither, B Bastie, P Hinglais, E Abrosimov, N Alvarez, JM Andersen, K Courtois, P Halloin, H Harris, M Isern, J Jean, P Knodlseder, J Ubertini, P Vedrenne, G Weldenspointner, G Wunderer, C AF Barriere, N. von Ballmoos, P. Skinner, G. Smither, B. Bastie, P. Hinglais, E. Abrosimov, N. Alvarez, J. M. Andersen, K. Courtois, P. Halloin, H. Harris, M. Isern, J. Jean, P. Knoedlseder, J. Ubertini, P. Vedrenne, G. Weldenspointner, G. Wunderer, C. TI MAX: Development of a Laue diffraction lens for nuclear astrophysics (vol 567, pg 333, 2006) SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Toulouse 3, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Grenoble 1, Spectrometrie Phys Lab, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, F-31401 Toulouse, France. Inst Kristallzuchtung, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Inst Estudis Espacials catalunya, Barcelona 8034, Spain. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. Coll France, Federat Rech APC, F-75231 Paris, France. Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Barriere, N (reprint author), Univ Toulouse 3, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, 9,Ave Colonel Roche,BP 4143, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. EM barriere@cesr.fr RI Isern, Jordi/B-1844-2015 OI Isern, Jordi/0000-0002-0819-9574 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 11 PY 2007 VL 572 IS 2 BP 1005 EP 1005 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.12.014 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 154NK UT WOS:000245514100059 ER PT J AU El-Azab, A Deng, J Tang, M AF El-Azab, A. Deng, J. Tang, M. TI Statistical characterization of dislocation ensembles SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Multiscale Materials Modeling CY AUG, 2005 CL Bangalore, INDIA ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DISTRIBUTIONS; MECHANICS; MODELS AB A method of studying spatial and orientation statistics of dislocations in deforming crystals is presented in this paper. This method is based on the use of the concept of a stochastic fibre process to model dislocations. Orientation-dependent statistical measures of the dislocation density, velocity and flux have been introduced, and the connection between these statistical measures and the dislocation density tensor and rate of plastic distortion in deforming crystals has been established. The Parallel Dislocation Simulator (ParaDiS) code has been used to conduct a simulation of dislocation systems in a body-centred cubic crystal and the numerical data of the simulated dislocation systems have been used to compute the statistical measures introduced here. The orientation distributions of the density, velocity and flux of dislocations, as well as the dislocation correlations, have been computed as functions of strain and strain rate. The results reveal previously unknown features of these distributions, which illustrates the importance of the statistical method introduced here in understanding the collective behaviour of dislocation systems and building density-based models of dislocation dynamics. C1 Florida State Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, FAMU FSU Coll Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP El-Azab, A (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM anter@eng.fsu.edu NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD MAR 11 PY 2007 VL 87 IS 8-9 BP 1201 EP 1223 DI 10.1080/14786430601023807 PG 23 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 142YQ UT WOS:000244687600005 ER PT J AU Larson, BC El-Azab, A Yang, WG Tischler, JZ Liu, WJ Ice, GE AF Larson, B. C. El-Azab, Anter Yang, Wenge Tischler, J. Z. Liu, Wenjun Ice, G. E. TI Experimental characterization of the mesoscale dislocation density tensor SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Multiscale Materials Modeling CY AUG, 2005 CL Bangalore, INDIA ID RAY STRUCTURAL MICROSCOPY; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; GRADIENT THEORY; MICROSTRUCTURE; RESOLUTION; DEFORMATION; PLASTICITY; STRAINS; MICRODIFFRACTION; ORIENTATION AB The dislocation density tensor has been an important variable in the theoretical characterization of dislocations in deformed crystals since its introduction over 5 decades ago. However, the non-destructive, three-dimensional (3D) measurements of lattice rotations and elastic strain needed to determine dislocation density tensors with micron spatial resolution over mesoscopic length scales have until now not been available. We have used 3D X-ray microscopy with sub-micron point-to-point spatial resolution to demonstrate 3D, spatially resolved measurements of the dislocation density tensor in elastically and plastically deformed silicon single crystal plates. Measurements were made of the dislocation density tensor along a line in a similar to 35 mu m thick silicon plate that was bent (elastically) to a 5.42 mm radius Of Curvature at room temperature, and in a similar sample deformed plastically by annealing to 700 degrees C under bending stress. We discuss the theoretical background for the dislocation density tensor with respect to lattice rotation and elastic strain, we describe the X-ray microscopy technique used to make non-destructive measurement of local rotations and elastic strains with sub-micron resolution in 3D, and we discuss the analysis procedures for extracting dislocation tensors on mesoscopic length scales. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, FAMSU FSU, Coll Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, HPCAT, Carnegie Inst Washington, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, XOR, UNI, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Larson, BC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM bcl@ornl.gov RI Yang, Wenge/H-2740-2012 NR 31 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD MAR 11 PY 2007 VL 87 IS 8-9 BP 1327 EP 1347 DI 10.1080/14786430600943930 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 142YQ UT WOS:000244687600010 ER PT J AU Lefebvre, KA Noren, DP Schultz, IR Bogard, SM Wilson, J Eberhart, BTL AF Lefebvre, Kathi A. Noren, Dawn P. Schultz, Irvin R. Bogard, Sara M. Wilson, Jacquelyn Eberhart, Bich-Thuy L. TI Uptake, tissue distribution and excretion of domoic acid after oral exposure in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE domoic acid; ASP; amnesic shellfish poisoning; fish; food web transfers; toxic effects; algal toxin; harmful algal bloom; excitotoxicity; uptake; depuration; excretion ID MONKEYS MACACA-FASCICULARIS; SEA LIONS; NEUROTOXICITY; CALIFORNIA; RAT; CLEARANCE; MORTALITY; MICE AB Domoic acid (DA) is a potent neurotoxin naturally produced by some pennate diatom species of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia. It is well known that during harmful algal blooms fish can accumulate DA in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and act as vectors of the toxin to higher trophic level piscivores, often with severe neurotoxic consequences to the predators. Although neurotoxicity and mass mortality have been observed in vertebrates (i.e. marine mammals and sea birds) feeding on contaminated fish, to date there has been no evidence of neurobehavioral toxicity in the fish vectors themselves. It has been hypothesized that fish may not absorb DA from the digestive tract, thus making them insensitive to dietary consumption of DA. To test this hypothesis, we performed oral gavage exposures followed by a time series of tissue dissections to characterize uptake, depuration, and tissue distribution of DA in fish. Intracoelomic (IC) injection exposures (which bypass the GI tract) were also performed to determine if coho neurons are neurologically susceptible to DA. Excitotoxic symptoms were observed in fish via IC injection at similar toxin levels that have been reported to induce excitotoxic symptoms in intraperitoneal (IP) exposures with mammalian models such as mice, suggesting that fish neurons have a similar sensitivity to DA as other vertebrates. Surprisingly, after oral gavage with ecologically relevant doses of DA, the toxin was detected in plasma collected from the dorsal aorta via a permanent intraarterial catheter within 15 min, yet excitotoxic symptoms were not observed. Additionally, DA was detected in liver, heart, spleen, kidney, muscle, brain and bile. These data indicate that although DA is absorbed from the gut, fish do not exhibit neuroexcitatory effects at maximum ecologically relevant oral doses of DA. Tissue distribution and DA uptake and depuration patterns suggest that a majority of the absorbed toxin is excreted via the kidneys and bile, thereby preventing toxic levels of DA from reaching sensitive nervous tissue. Additionally, greater than 20% of total IC administered DA doses were sequestered in bile within I h of injection in five symptomatic fish, providing evidence for biliary sequestration of the toxin from blood. Here, we comprehensively describe the uptake, depuration, and tissue distribution patterns of DA and propose that renal and biliary processes may serve as primary routes of toxin clearance in fish. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Marine Biotoxins Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Marine Mammal Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Battelle Pacific NW Div, Marine Sci Lab, Sequim, WA 98352 USA. RP Lefebvre, KA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Marine Biotoxins Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Kathi.Lefebvre@noaa.gov NR 29 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD MAR 10 PY 2007 VL 81 IS 3 BP 266 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.12.009 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 148JA UT WOS:000245069500004 PM 17250904 ER PT J AU Percival, WJ Nichol, RC Eisenstein, DJ Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Loveday, J Pope, AC Schneider, DP Szalay, AS Tegmark, M Vogeley, MS Weinberg, DH Zehavi, I Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Connolly, AJ Meiksin, A AF Percival, Will J. Nichol, Robert C. Eisenstein, Daniel J. Frieman, Joshua A. Fukugita, Masataka Loveday, Jon Pope, Adrian C. Schneider, Donald P. Szalay, Alex S. Tegmark, Max Vogeley, Michael S. Weinberg, David H. Zehavi, Idit Bahcall, Neta A. Brinkmann, Jon Connolly, Andrew J. Meiksin, Avery TI The shape of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey data release 5 galaxy power spectrum SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmological parameters; large-scale structure of universe ID ANGULAR-CORRELATION FUNCTION; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES; SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; LUMINOUS RED GALAXIES; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; CFA REDSHIFT SURVEY; COLD DARK MATTER; COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; EIGENMODE ANALYSIS; HALO MODEL AB We present a Fourier analysis of the clustering of galaxies in the combined main galaxy and LRG SDSS DR5 sample. The aim of our analysis is to consider how well we can measure the cosmological matter density using the signature of the horizon at matter-radiation equality embedded in the large-scale power spectrum. The new data constrain the power spectrum on scales 100-600 h(-1) Mpc with significantly higher precision than previous analyses of just the SDSS main galaxies, due to our larger sample and the inclusion of the LRGs. This improvement means that we can now reveal a discrepancy between the shape of the measured power and linear CDM models on scales 0.01 h Mpc(-1) < k < 0.15 h Mpc(-1), with linear model fits favoring a lower matter density (Omega(M) = 0.22 +/- 0.04) on scales 0.01 h Mpc(-1) < k < 0.06 h Mpc(-1) and a higher matter density (Omega(M) = 0.32 +/- 0.01) when smaller scales are included, assuming a flat Lambda CDM model with h = 0.73 and n(s) = 0.96. This discrepancy could be explained by scale-dependent bias, and by analyzing subsamples of galaxies, we find that the ratio of small-scale to large-scale power increases with galaxy luminosity, so all of the SDSS galaxies cannot trace the same power spectrum shape over 0.01 h Mpc(-1) < k < 0.2 h Mpc(-1). However, the data are insufficient to clearly show a luminosity-dependent change in the largest scale at which a significant increase in clustering is observed, although they do not rule out such an effect. Significant scale-dependent galaxy bias on large scales, which changes with the r-band luminosity of the galaxies, could potentially explain differences in our Omega(M) estimates and differences previously observed between 2dFGRS and SDSS power spectra and the resulting parameter constraints. C1 Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth, Hants, England. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Kavli Inst Cosomol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Astron, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, SUPA, Inst Astron, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Percival, WJ (reprint author), Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth, Hants, England. OI Meiksin, Avery/0000-0002-5451-9057 NR 88 TC 188 Z9 188 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2007 VL 657 IS 2 BP 645 EP 663 DI 10.1086/510615 PN 1 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 146IU UT WOS:000244928500001 ER PT J AU Yost, SA Swan, HF Rykoff, ES Aharonian, F Akerlof, CW Alday, A Ashley, MCB Barthelmy, S Burrows, D Depoy, DL Dufour, RJ Eastman, JD Forgey, RD Gehrels, N Gogus, E Guver, T Halpern, JP Hardin, LC Horns, D Kiziloglu, U Krimm, HA Lepine, S Liang, EP Marshall, JL Mckay, TA Mineo, T Mirabal, N Ozel, M Phillips, A Prieto, JL Quimby, RM Romano, P Rowell, G Rujopakarn, W Schaefer, BE Silverman, JM Siverd, R Skinner, M Smith, DA Smith, IA Tonnesen, S Troja, E Vestrand, WT Wheeler, JC Wren, J Yuan, F Zhang, B AF Yost, S. A. Swan, H. F. Rykoff, E. S. Aharonian, F. Akerlof, C. W. Alday, A. Ashley, M. C. B. Barthelmy, S. Burrows, D. Depoy, D. L. Dufour, R. J. Eastman, J. D. Forgey, R. D. Gehrels, N. Goegues, E. Guever, T. Halpern, J. P. Hardin, L. C. Horns, D. Kiziloglu, Ue. Krimm, H. A. Lepine, S. Liang, E. P. Marshall, J. L. McKay, T. A. Mineo, T. Mirabal, N. Oezel, M. Phillips, A. Prieto, J. L. Quimby, R. M. Romano, P. Rowell, G. Rujopakarn, W. Schaefer, B. E. Silverman, J. M. Siverd, R. Skinner, M. Smith, D. A. Smith, I. A. Tonnesen, S. Troja, E. Vestrand, W. T. Wheeler, J. C. Wren, J. Yuan, F. Zhang, B. TI Exploring broadband GRB behavior during gamma-ray emission SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts ID EARLY AFTERGLOW; BURST AFTERGLOWS; STAR-FORMATION; LIGHT-CURVE; PROMPT; RADIATION; MODEL; PHOTOMETRY; TELESCOPE; GALAXIES AB The robotic ROTSE-III telescope network detected prompt optical emission contemporaneous with the gamma-ray emission of Swift events GRB 051109A and GRB 051111. Both data sets have continuous coverage at high signal-to-noise levels from the prompt phase onward, and thus the early observations are readily compared to the Swift XRT and BAT high-energy detections. In both cases, the optical afterglow is established, declining steadily during the prompt emission. For GRB 051111, there is evidence of an excess optical component during the prompt emission. The component is consistent with the flux spectrally extrapolated from the gamma-rays, using the gamma-ray spectral index. A compilation of spectral information from previous prompt detections shows that such a component is unusual. The existence of two prompt optical components-one connected to the high-energy emission, the other to separate afterglow flux, as indicated in GRB 051111-is not compatible with a simple "external-external'' shock model for the GRB and its afterglow. C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Boeing LTS, AMOS Observ, Maui, HI USA. Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Dept Astrophys & Opt, Sydney, NSW, Australia. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Hardin Opt Co, Bandon, OR USA. Sabanci Univ, Istanbul, Turkey. Istanbul Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Istanbul, Turkey. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Middle E Tech Univ, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Astrophys, Div Phys Sci, New York, NY 10024 USA. INAF, Palermo, Italy. Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Univ, Canakkale, Turkey. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Osserv Astron Brera, Merate, Italy. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Guilford Coll, Greensboro, NC 27410 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Yost, SA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM sayost@umich.edu; hswan@umich.edu; erykoff@umich.edu; felix.aharonian@mpi-hd.mpg.de; akerlof@umich.edu; andrew.alday-iii@boeing.com; mcba@phys.unsw.edu.au; scott@lheamail.gsfc.nasa.gov; dburrows@astro.psu.edu; depoy@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; rjd@rice.edu; jdeast@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; bob@hardinoptical.com; gehrels@gsfc.nasa.gov; ersing@sabanciuniv.edu; tolga@istanbul.edu.tr; jules@astro.columbia.edu; larry@hardinoptical.com; horns@mpi-hd.mpg.de; umk@astroa.physics.metu.edu.tr; krimm@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov; lepine@amnh.org; liang@spacibm.rice.edu; marshall@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; tamckay@umich.edu; teresa.mineo@ifc.inaf.it; mirabal@astro.columbia.edu; m.e.ozel@comu.edu.tr; a.phillips@unsw.edu.au; prieto@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; quimby@astro.as.utexas.edu; patrizia.romano@brera.inaf.it; rowell@mpi-hd.mpg.de; wiphu@umich.edu; schaefer@lsu.edu; JSilverman@astro.berkeley.edu; siverd@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; mark.a.skinner@boeing.com; donaldas@umich.edu; ian@spacibm.rice.edu; stonnes@astro.columbia.edu; nora@ifc.inaf.it; vestrand@lanl.gov; wheel@astro.as.utexas.edu; jwren@nis.lanl.gov; yuanfang@umich.edu; bzhang@physics.unlv.edu RI Guver, Tolga/C-1408-2011; Horns, Dieter/C-9727-2011; Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Rujopakarn, Wiphu/E-7849-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; Guver, Tolga/B-1039-2014 OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Guver, Tolga/0000-0002-3531-9842 NR 51 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2007 VL 657 IS 2 BP 925 EP 941 DI 10.1086/510896 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 146IU UT WOS:000244928500021 ER PT J AU Reiner, MJ Krucker, S Gray, DE Dougherty, BL Kaiser, ML Bougeret, JL AF Reiner, M. J. Krucker, S. Gray, D. E. Dougherty, B. L. Kaiser, M. L. Bougeret, J. -L. TI Radio and white-light coronal signatures associated with the RHESSI hard X-ray event of 2002 July 23 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : activity; Sun : corona; Sun : flares; Sun : radio radiation; Sun : X-rays, gamma rays; solar-terrestrial relations ID SOLAR CORONA; MASS EJECTIONS; SHOCK-WAVE; II BURSTS; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; ENERGETIC PARTICLES; ELECTRON-DENSITY; ORIGIN; EMISSION; FLARE AB Simultaneous radio, white-light, and hard X-ray (HXR) observations for the 2002 July 23 gamma-ray flare event are used to establish the relationship of a complex type III-like burst to the corresponding coronal mass ejection (CME) and the coronal electron acceleration signatures observed in the decimeter/microwave (dm-cm) emissions and X-rays. We find that the onset of the type III-like emissions for this event is coincident with the impulsive RHESSI HXR event, the dm-cm radio emissions and with the linearly extrapolated liftoff time of the CME. The overall intensity-time characteristics of the complex type III-like burst resembles that of both the dm-cm flux and the HXR light curve that correspond to an electron acceleration event deep in the corona. Furthermore, the complex radiation characteristics of the type III-like emissions are found to be directly related to the CME kinematics, which is directly related to the frequency drift of the associated low-frequency (kilometric) type II emissions. The frequency-drift characteristics of the high-frequency (metric) type II emissions observed for this event, on the other hand, are not clearly related to the kilometric type II emissions and therefore to the observed CME height-time characteristics, indicating that these emissions may correspond to an independent coronal shock wave. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. New Jersey Inst Technol, Ctr Solar Terr Res, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Space Weather Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Observ Paris, LESIA, Meudon, France. RP Reiner, MJ (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. OI Gary, Dale/0000-0003-2520-8396 NR 54 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2007 VL 657 IS 2 BP 1107 EP 1116 DI 10.1086/510827 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 146IU UT WOS:000244928500036 ER PT J AU Gu, MF Beiersdorfer, P Brown, GV Chen, H Thorn, DB Kahn, SM AF Gu, M. F. Beiersdorfer, P. Brown, G. V. Chen, H. Thorn, D. B. Kahn, S. M. TI Wavelength measurements of Ni L-shell lines between 9 and 15 angstrom SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; line : identification; stars : coronae; Sun : corona; Sun : X-rays, gamma rays; X-rays : general ID X-RAY-SPECTRUM; BEAM ION-TRAP; LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; FE-XVII; EMISSION-LINES; TRANSITIONS; IRON; SPECTROMETER; XIX AB We present accurate wavelength measurements of nickel L-shell X-ray lines resulting from Delta n >= 1 transitions between 9 and 15 angstrom. We have used the electron beam ion trap, SuperEBIT, at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and a flat-field grating spectrometer to record the spectra. The most significant emission lines of Ni XIX-XXVI in our spectral coverage are identified, and their relative intensities are determined. The resulting data set provides valuable input for the analyses of high-resolution X-ray spectra of stellar coronae sources, including the Sun. C1 Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Asrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, High Temp & Astorphys Div, Livermore, CA USA. RP Gu, MF (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Asrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2007 VL 657 IS 2 BP 1172 EP 1177 DI 10.1086/511065 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 146IU UT WOS:000244928500043 ER PT J AU Li, PS McKee, CF Klein, RI AF Li, Pak Shing McKee, Christopher F. Klein, Richard I. TI The heavy-ion approximation for ambipolar diffusion calculations for weakly ionized plasmas (vol 653, pg 1280, 2006) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Li, PS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2007 VL 657 IS 2 BP 1210 EP 1210 DI 10.1086/512099 PN 1 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 146IU UT WOS:000244928500046 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Wang, CY Chen, KS AF Wang, Yun Wang, Chao-Yang Chen, K. S. TI Elucidating differences between carbon paper and carbon cloth in polymer electrolyte fuel cells SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE polymer electrolyte fuel cell; modeling; two-phase flow; carbon cloth; carbon paper ID GAS-DIFFUSION LAYER; LOW-HUMIDITY OPERATION; WATER; MODEL; TRANSPORT; FLOW; SIMULATION; PEMFC; PERFORMANCE; THICKNESS AB This paper seeks to develop a structure-performance relationship for gas diffusion layers (GDLs) of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs), and hence to explain the performance differences between carbon paper (CP) and carbon cloth (CC). Three-dimensional simulations, based on a two-phase model with GDL structural information taken into account, are carried out to explore the fundamentals behind experimentally observed performance differences of the two carbon substrates, i.e. CC and CP, under low- and high-humidity operations. Validation against polarization data is made under both operating conditions, and the results indicate that the CC is the better choice as a GDL material at high-humidity operations due to its low tortuosity of the pore structure and its rough textural surface facilitating droplet detachment. However, under dry conditions, the CP shows better performance due to its more tortuous structure, which prevents the loss of product water to dry gas streams, thus increasing the membrane hydration level and reducing the ohmic loss. The present work is one step toward developing a science-based framework for selection of materials for next-generation, high-performance gas diffusion media. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, Electrochem Engine Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wang, CY (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, Electrochem Engine Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM cxw31@psu.edu RI Wang, Chao-Yang/C-4122-2009; wang, yun/A-7748-2010 NR 40 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 2 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD MAR 10 PY 2007 VL 52 IS 12 BP 3965 EP 3975 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.11.012 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 152MK UT WOS:000245365900011 ER PT J AU Kosourov, S Patrusheva, E Ghirardi, ML Seibert, M Tsygankov, A AF Kosourov, Sergey Patrusheva, Elena Ghirardi, Maria L. Seibert, Michael Tsygankov, Anatoly TI A comparison of hydrogen photoproduction by sulfur-deprived Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under different growth conditions SO JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; hydrogen photoproduction; sulfur deprivation; acetate; CO2; growth conditions ID GREEN-ALGA; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; FERMENTATIVE METABOLISM; STATE TRANSITIONS; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; H-2 PRODUCTION; GAS-PRODUCTION; EVOLUTION; CELLS; INACTIVATION AB Continuous photoproduction of H-2 by the green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, is observed after incubating the cultures for about a day in the absence of sulfate and in the presence of acetate. Sulfur deprivation causes the partial and reversible inactivation of photosynthetic O-2 evolution in algae, resulting in the light-induced establishment of anaerobic conditions in sealed photobioreactors, expression of two [FeFe]-hydrogenases in the cells, and H-2 photoproduction for several days. We have previously demonstrated that sulfur-deprived algal cultures can produce H-2 gas in the absence of acetate, when appropriate experimental protocols were used (Tsygankov, A.A., Kosourov, S.N., Tolstygina, IN., Ghirardi, M.L., Seibert, M., 2006. Hydrogen production by sulfur-deprived Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under photoautotrophic conditions. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 31, 1574-1584). We now report the use of an automated photobioreactor system to compare the effects of photoautotrophic, photoheterotrophic and photomixotrophic growth conditions on the kinetic parameters associated with the adaptation of the algal cells to sulfur deprivation and H-2 photoproduction. This was done under the experimental conditions outlined in the above reference, including controlled pH. From this comparison we show that both acetate and CO2 are required for the most rapid inactivation of photosystem II and the highest yield of H-2 gas production. Although, the presence of acetate in the system is not critical for the process, H-2 photoproduction under photoautotrophic conditions can be increased by optimizing the conditions for high starch accumulation. These results suggest ways of engineering algae to improve H-2 production, which in turn may have a positive impact on the economics of applied systems for H,, production. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 RAS, Inst Basic Biol Problems, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kosourov, S (reprint author), RAS, Inst Basic Biol Problems, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia. EM sergks@ibbp.psn.ru RI Kosourov, Sergey/C-6682-2009; Tsygankov, Anatoly/K-6541-2013; Kosourov, Sergey/A-1659-2016 OI Kosourov, Sergey/0000-0003-4025-8041; Tsygankov, Anatoly/0000-0003-2376-5658; Kosourov, Sergey/0000-0003-4025-8041 NR 36 TC 70 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1656 J9 J BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biotechnol. PD MAR 10 PY 2007 VL 128 IS 4 BP 776 EP 787 DI 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2006.12.025 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 154SB UT WOS:000245526800008 PM 17275940 ER PT J AU Parks, GL Pease, ML Burns, AW Layman, KA Bussell, ME Wang, XQ Hanson, J Rodriguez, JA AF Parks, Greg L. Pease, Melissa L. Burns, Autumn W. Layman, Kathryn A. Bussell, Mark E. Wang, Xianqin Hanson, Jonathon Rodriguez, Jose A. TI Characterization and hydrodesulfurization properties of catalysts derived from amorphous metal-boron materials SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article ID NICKEL PHOSPHIDE CATALYSTS; X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; SUPPORTED MOLYBDENUM CARBIDE; SULFIDED MO/AL2O3 CATALYSTS; THIOPHENE HYDRODESULFURIZATION; NITRIDE CATALYSTS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; BORIDE CATALYSTS AB Unsupported and silica-supported amorphous metal-boron materials (Ni-B, Mo-O-B, and Ni-Mo-O-B) were prepared by NaBH4 reduction of aqueous or impregnated metal salts. The resulting materials were characterized by a range of techniques, including conventional and time-resolved X-ray diffraction. The latter technique was used to determine the onset of crystallization of the amorphous materials during annealing in He flow and to identify the phases formed. Annealing of unsupported Ni-B resulted in the crystallization of predominantly Ni3B, followed by Ni metal, whereas Ni-B/SiO2 formed Ni and then NiO. There was no evidence for crystallization of B-containing phases for Mo-O-B or Mo-O-B/SiO2 on annealing; instead, the predominant phase formed was MoO2. In general, the phases formed for Ni-Mo-O-B and Ni-Mo-O-B/SiO2 were consistent with those formed in the monometallic materials, but at higher annealing temperatures. Catalysts prepared by sulfiding Ni-B/SiO2 and Ni-MoO-B/SiO2 materials had significantly higher thiophene HDS activities than conventionally prepared sulfided Ni/SiO2 and Ni-Mo/SiO2 catalysts, whereas a sulfided Mo-O-B/SiO2 catalyst had a dramatically lower HDS activity than a sulfided MO/SiO2 catalyst. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Western Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bussell, ME (reprint author), Western Washington Univ, Dept Chem, MS-9150, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. EM mark.bussell@wwu.edu RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010 NR 56 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 37 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD MAR 10 PY 2007 VL 246 IS 2 BP 277 EP 292 DI 10.1016/j.jcat.2006.12.009 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 149LQ UT WOS:000245148800005 ER PT J AU Sanchez-Vila, X Tartakovsky, DM AF Sanchez-Vila, Xavier Tartakovsky, Daniel M. TI Ergodicity of pumping tests SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; RADIALLY CONVERGENT FLOW; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; JACOBS METHOD; WELL; TRANSMISSIVITY; AQUIFERS AB Standard interpretations of pumping tests in heterogeneous formations rely on effective representations of porous media, which replace spatially varying hydraulic properties with their constant counterparts averaged over the support volume of a test. Rigorous approaches for deriving representative (effective, apparent, upscaled, etc.) parameters employ either ensemble or spatial averaging. We derive a set of conditions under which these two paradigms yield identical results. We refer to them as conditions for the ergodicity of pumping tests. This allows one to use stochastic approaches to estimate the statistics of the spatial variability of hydraulic parameters on scales smaller than the support volume of a pumping test. C1 Tech Univ Catalonia, Dept Geotech Engn & Geosci, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Sanchez-Vila, X (reprint author), Tech Univ Catalonia, Dept Geotech Engn & Geosci, Gran Capita S-N, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. EM xavier.sanchez-vila@upc.edu; dmt@ucsd.edu RI Tartakovsky, Daniel/E-7694-2013; OI Sanchez-Vila, Xavier/0000-0002-1234-9897 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR 10 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 3 AR W03414 DI 10.1029/2006WR005241 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 145YP UT WOS:000244902000002 ER PT J AU Fisher, RD Chung, HY Zhai, QT Robinson, H Sundquist, WI Hill, CP AF Fisher, Robert D. Chung, Hyo-Young Zhai, Qianting Robinson, Howard Sundquist, Wesley I. Hill, Christopher P. TI Structural and biochemical studies of ALIX/AIP1 and its role in retrovirus budding SO CELL LA English DT Article ID INFECTIOUS-ANEMIA VIRUS; BINDING PARTNER; HUMAN HOMOLOG; PROTEIN; ALIX; DOMAIN; RELEASE; TSG101; AIP1/ALIX; NETWORK AB ALIX/AIP1 functions in enveloped virus budding, endosomal protein sorting, and many other cellular processes. Retroviruses, including HIV-1, SIV, and EIAV, bind and recruit ALIX through YPX(n)L late-domain motifs (X = any residue; In = 1-3). Crystal structures reveal that human ALIX is composed of an N-terminal Bro1 domain and a central domain that is composed of two extended three-helix bundles that form elongated arms that fold back into a "V." The structures also reveal conformational flexibility in the arms that suggests that the V domain may act as a flexible hinge in response to ligand binding. YPXnL late domains bind in a conserved hydrophobic pocket on the second arm near the apex of the V, whereas CHMP4/ ESCRT-III proteins bind a conserved hydrophobic patch on the Bro1 domain, and both interactions are required for virus budding. ALIX therefore serves as a flexible, extended scaffold that connects retroviral Gag proteins to ESCRT-III and other cellular-budding machinery. C1 Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sundquist, WI (reprint author), Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM wes@biochem.utah.edu; chris@biochem.utah.edu RI zhai, qianting/G-1301-2013 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI051174, AI 051174]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 066521, P50 GM082545] NR 43 TC 181 Z9 189 U1 0 U2 12 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0092-8674 J9 CELL JI Cell PD MAR 9 PY 2007 VL 128 IS 5 BP 841 EP 852 DI 10.1016/j.cell.2007.01.035 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 148KN UT WOS:000245073400010 PM 17350572 ER PT J AU Xiao, CY Sharp, JA Kawahara, M Davalos, AR Difilippantonio, MJ Hu, Y Li, WM Cao, L Buetow, K Ried, T Chadwick, BP Deng, CX Panning, B AF Xiao, Cuiying Sharp, Judith A. Kawahara, Misako Davalos, Albert R. Difilippantonio, Michael J. Hu, Ying Li, Wenmei Cao, Liu Buetow, Ken Ried, Thomas Chadwick, Brian P. Deng, Chu-Xia Panning, Barbara TI The XIST noncoding RNA functions independently of BRCA1 in X inactivation SO CELL LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEX-CHROMOSOME INACTIVATION; CELL-CYCLE CHECKPOINT; HUMAN BREAST-CANCER; CENTROSOME AMPLIFICATION; H2AX PHOSPHORYLATION; GENETIC INSTABILITY; MUTATION CARRIER; DNA-DAMAGE; ACTIVE-X; S-PHASE AB Females with germline mutations in BRCA1 are predisposed to develop breast and ovarian cancers. A previous report indicated that BRCA1 colocalizes with and is necessary for the correct localization of XIST, a noncoding RNA that coats the inactive X chromosome (Xi) to mediate formation of facultative heterochromatin. A model emerged from this study suggesting that loss of BRCA1 in female cells could reactivate genes on the Xi through loss of the XIST RNA. However, our independent studies of BRCA1 and XIST RNA revealed little evidence to support this model. We report that BRCA1 is not enriched on XIST RNA-coated chromatin of the Xi. Neither mutation nor depletion of BRCA1 causes significant changes in XIST RNA localization or X-linked gene expression. Together, these results do not support a role for BRCA1 in promoting XIST RNA localization to the Xi or regulating X/ST-dependent functions in maintaining the stability of facultative heterochromatin. C1 NIDDKD, NIH, Genet Dev & Dis Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biochem & Biophys, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NCI, NIH, Sect Canc Genom, Genet Branch,CCR, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Ctr Bioinformat, Lab Populat Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Cell Biol, Inst Genome Sci & Policy, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Deng, CX (reprint author), NIDDKD, NIH, Genet Dev & Dis Branch, 10-9N105, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM chuxiad@bdg10.niddk.nih.gov; bpanning@biochem.ucsf.edu RI deng, chuxia/N-6713-2016 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 CA999999]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM 63671] NR 45 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 9 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0092-8674 J9 CELL JI Cell PD MAR 9 PY 2007 VL 128 IS 5 BP 977 EP 989 DI 10.1016/j.cell.2007.01.034 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 148KN UT WOS:000245073400020 PM 17350580 ER PT J AU Pushkar, Y Yano, J Glatzel, P Messinger, J Lewis, A Sauer, K Bergmann, U Yachandra, V AF Pushkar, Yulia Yano, Junko Glatzel, Pieter Messinger, Johannes Lewis, Azul Sauer, Kenneth Bergmann, Uwe Yachandra, Vittal TI Structure and orientation of the Mn4Ca cluster in plant photosystem II membranes studied by polarized range-extended X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-EVOLVING COMPLEX; MANGANESE MODEL COMPOUNDS; PHOTOSYNTHETIC WATER OXIDATION; ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RES; MN CLUSTER; EXCHANGE INTERACTIONS; CALCIUM; EVOLUTION; ENZYME; EXAFS AB X-ray absorption spectroscopy has provided important insights into the structure and function of the Mn4Ca cluster in the oxygen-evolving complex of Photosystem II (PS II). The range of manganese extended x-ray absorption fine structure data collected from PS II until now has been, however, limited by the presence of iron in PS II. Using a crystal spectrometer with high energy resolution to detect solely the manganese K alpha fluorescence, we are able to extend the extended x-ray absorption fine structure range beyond the onset of the iron absorption edge. This results in improvement in resolution of the manganese-backscatterer distances in PS II from 0.14 to 0.09 angstrom. The high resolution data obtained from oriented spinach PS II membranes in the S-1 state show that there are three di-mu-oxo-bridged manganese-manganese distances of similar to 2.7 and similar to 2.8 angstrom in a 2:1 ratio and that these three manganese-manganese vectors are aligned at an average orientation of similar to 60 degrees relative to the membrane normal. Furthermore, we are able to observe the separation of the Fourier peaks corresponding to the similar to 3.2 angstrom manganese-manganese and the similar to 3.4 angstrom manganese-calcium interactions in oriented PS II samples and determine their orientation relative to the membrane normal. The average of the manganese-calcium vectors at similar to 3.4 angstrom is aligned along the membrane normal, while the similar to 3.2 angstrom manganese-manganese vector is oriented near the membrane plane. A comparison of this structural information with the proposed Mn4Ca cluster models based on spectroscopic and diffraction data provides input for refining and selecting among these models. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Melvin Calvin Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Max Planck Inst Bioanorgan Chem, D-45470 Mulheim, Germany. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Yano, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Melvin Calvin Lab, Phys Biosci Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jyano@lbl.gov; vkyachandra@lbl.gov RI ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012; Glatzel, Pieter/E-9958-2010 OI Glatzel, Pieter/0000-0001-6532-8144 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR008630, RR-08630]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM055302, GM-65440, R01 GM065440, R56 GM055302] NR 66 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAR 9 PY 2007 VL 282 IS 10 BP 7198 EP 7208 DI 10.1074/jbc.M610505200 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 148NC UT WOS:000245080900032 PM 17190828 ER PT J AU Chen, B Zhang, HZ Gilbert, B Banfield, JF AF Chen, Bin Zhang, Hengzhong Gilbert, Benjamin Banfield, Jillian F. TI Mechanism of inhibition of nanoparticle growth and phase transformation by surface impurities SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TIO2; TITANIA; PHOTOCATALYSTS; STABILITY; KINETICS; ANATASE AB Experiments have shown that thermal stability of nanoscale titania is significantly enhanced by the presence of low concentration yttrium dopants, but the mechanism of this effect is unclear. We present extended x-ray fine structure and wide-angle x-ray scattering measurements showing that yttrium is not incorporated in the nanoparticle interior but forms yttrium-oxygen clusters at the nanoparticle surfaces. The surface clusters modify the interfacial free energy, affecting the unit cell parameters, strongly inhibiting nanoparticle growth, and stabilizing the anatase phase up to 700 degrees C. Molecular dynamics calculations reproduced the experimentally observed Y-O bond lengths in surface yttrium clusters and predict a substantial lowering in anatase surface energy, in agreement with the inferred mechanism for suppression of growth and phase transformation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Earth Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chen, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM binchen@berkeley.edu RI Gilbert, Benjamin/E-3182-2010 NR 28 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 9 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 10 AR 106103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.106103 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 144JN UT WOS:000244792400037 PM 17358550 ER PT J AU Joshi, P Carpenter, MP Fossan, DB Koike, T Paul, ES Rainovski, G Starosta, K Vaman, C Wadsworth, R AF Joshi, P. Carpenter, M. P. Fossan, D. B. Koike, T. Paul, E. S. Rainovski, G. Starosta, K. Vaman, C. Wadsworth, R. TI Effect of gamma softness on the stability of chiral geometry: Spectroscopy of Ag-106 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ISOTOPES AB A study of the nucleus Ag-106 has revealed the presence of two strongly coupled negative-parity rotational bands up to the 19(-) and 20(-) states, respectively, which cross each other at spin I similar to 14. The data suggest that near the crossover point the bands correspond to different shapes, which is different to the behavior expected from a pair of chiral bands. Inspection of the properties of these bands indicates a triaxial and a planar nature of rotation for the two structures. Possible causes for this may be understood in terms of a shape transformation resulting from the large degree of gamma softness of Ag-106. These data, along with the systematics of the odd-odd structures in the mass 100 region, suggest that gamma softness has marked implications for the phenomenon of nuclear chirality. C1 Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. St Kliment Ohridski Univ Sofia, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria. Michigan State Univ, NSCL, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Joshi, P (reprint author), Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; Rainovski, Georgi/A-3450-2008 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; Rainovski, Georgi/0000-0002-1729-0249 NR 14 TC 62 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 9 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 10 AR 102501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.102501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 144JN UT WOS:000244792400012 PM 17358525 ER PT J AU Kathmann, SM Schenter, GK Garrett, BC AF Kathmann, Shawn M. Schenter, Gregory K. Garrett, Bruce C. TI Comment on "Quantum nature of the sign preference in ion-induced nucleation" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Mol Interact & Transformat Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kathmann, SM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Mol Interact & Transformat Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Garrett, Bruce/F-8516-2011; Schenter, Gregory/I-7655-2014 OI Schenter, Gregory/0000-0001-5444-5484 NR 5 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 9 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 10 AR 109603 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.109603 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 144JN UT WOS:000244792400070 PM 17358583 ER PT J AU Lee, SK Eng, PJ Mao, HK Meng, Y Shu, J AF Lee, Sung Keun Eng, Peter J. Mao, Ho-Kwang Meng, Yue Shu, Jinfu TI Structure of alkali borate glasses at high pressure: B and LiK-edge inelastic x-ray scattering study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE NMR; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; RAMAN-SCATTERING; BONDING CHANGES; SILICATE MELTS; BORON-OXIDE; COORDINATION; LIQUID; SPECTROSCOPY; POTASSIUM AB We report the first in situ boron K-edge inelastic x-ray scattering (IXS) spectra for alkali borate glasses (Li2B4O7) at high pressure up to 30 GPa where pressure-induced coordination transformation from three-coordinated to four-coordinated boron was directly probed. Coordination transformation (reversible upon decompression) begins around 5 GPa and the fraction of four-coordinated boron increases with pressure from about 50% (at 1 atm) to more than 95% (at 30 GPa) with multiple densification mechanisms, evidenced by three distinct pressure ranges for (d([4])B/dP)(T). The lithium K-edge IXS spectrum for Li-borate glasses at 5 GPa shows IXS features similar to that at 1 atm, suggesting that the Li environment does not change much with pressure up to 5 GPa. These results provide improved understanding of the structure of low-z glass at high pressure. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, HPCAT, Adv Photo Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lee, SK (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM sungklee@snu.ac.kr NR 31 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 9 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 10 AR 105502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.105502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 144JN UT WOS:000244792400032 PM 17358545 ER PT J AU Luu, T Schwenk, A AF Luu, T. Schwenk, A. TI Three-fermion problems in optical lattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS; NUCLEI; STATES; ATOMS AB We present exact results for the spectra of three fermionic atoms in a single well of an optical lattice. For the three lowest hyperfine states of Li-6 atoms, we find a Borromean state across the region of the distinct pairwise Feshbach resonances. For K-40 atoms, nearby Feshbach resonances are known for two of the pairs, and a bound three-body state develops towards the positive scattering-length side. In addition, we study the sensitivity of our results to atomic details. The predicted few-body phenomena can be realized in optical lattices in the limit of low tunneling. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, N Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Luu, T (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, N Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM tluu@llnl.gov; schwenk@triumf.ca NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 9 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 10 AR 103202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.103202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 144JN UT WOS:000244792400018 PM 17358531 ER PT J AU Oulton, R Greilich, A Verbin, SY Cherbunin, RV Auer, T Yakovlev, DR Bayer, M Merkulov, IA Stavarache, V Reuter, D Wieck, AD AF Oulton, R. Greilich, A. Verbin, S. Yu. Cherbunin, R. V. Auer, T. Yakovlev, D. R. Bayer, M. Merkulov, I. A. Stavarache, V. Reuter, D. Wieck, A. D. TI Subsecond spin relaxation times in quantum dots at zero applied magnetic field due to a strong electron-nuclear interaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR; ORIENTATION; POLARON AB A key to ultralong electron spin memory in quantum dots (QDs) at zero magnetic field is the polarization of the nuclei, such that the electron spin is stabilized along the average nuclear magnetic field. We demonstrate that spin-polarized electrons in n-doped (In,Ga)As/GaAs QDs align the nuclear field via the hyperfine interaction. A feedback onto the electrons occurs, leading to stabilization of their polarization due to formation of a nuclear spin polaron [I. A. Merkulov, Phys. Solid State 40, 930 (1998).]. Spin depolarization of both systems is consequently greatly reduced, and spin memory of the coupled electron-nuclear spin system is retained over 0.3 sec at temperature of 2 K. C1 Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Ruhr Univ Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. RP Oulton, R (reprint author), Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. EM R.Oulton@Sheffield.ac.uk RI Greilich, Alex/A-8927-2009; Verbin, Serge/C-5189-2011; Schaff, William/B-5839-2009; Wieck, Andreas Dirk/C-5129-2009 OI Verbin, Serge/0000-0001-5791-7707; Wieck, Andreas Dirk/0000-0001-9776-2922 NR 22 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 9 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 10 AR 107401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.107401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 144JN UT WOS:000244792400051 PM 17358564 ER PT J AU Robinson, JT Walko, DA Arms, DA Tinberg, DS Evans, PG Cao, Y Liddle, JA Rastelli, A Schmidt, OG Dubon, OD AF Robinson, J. T. Walko, D. A. Arms, D. A. Tinberg, D. S. Evans, P. G. Cao, Y. Liddle, J. A. Rastelli, A. Schmidt, O. G. Dubon, O. D. TI Sculpting semiconductor heteroepitaxial islands: From dots to rods SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE HOMOEPITAXIAL GROWTH; ASSEMBLED GE ISLANDS; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; 001 SURFACE; PYRAMIDS; SI(001); TRANSITION; SI(111); STRAIN; DOMES AB In the Ge on Si model heteroepitaxial system, metal patterns on the silicon surface provide unprecedented control over the morphology of highly ordered Ge islands. Island shape including nanorods and truncated pyramids is set by the metal species and substrate orientation. Analysis of island faceting elucidates the prominent role of the metal in promoting growth of preferred facet orientations while investigations of island composition and structure reveal the importance of Si-Ge intermixing in island evolution. These effects reflect a remarkable combination of metal-mediated growth phenomena that may be exploited to tailor the functionality of island arrays in heteroepitaxial systems. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. IFW Dresden, Inst Integrat Nanosci, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. RP Robinson, JT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Evans, Paul/A-9260-2009; Robinson, Jeremy/F-2748-2010; Liddle, James/A-4867-2013; Rastelli, Armando/E-6955-2012 OI Evans, Paul/0000-0003-0421-6792; Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910; Rastelli, Armando/0000-0002-1343-4962 NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 9 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 10 AR 106102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.106102 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 144JN UT WOS:000244792400036 PM 17358549 ER PT J AU Ulrich, TJ Johnson, PA Guyer, RA AF Ulrich, T. J. Johnson, Paul A. Guyer, Robert A. TI Interaction dynamics of elastic waves with a complex nonlinear scatterer through the use of a time reversal mirror SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; MODULATION; DAMAGE AB This Letter reports on work performed to locate and interrogate a nonlinear scatterer in a linearly elastic medium through the use of a time reversal mirror in combination with nonlinear dynamics. Time reversal provides the means to spatially and temporally localize elastic energy on a scattering feature while the nonlinear dynamics spectrum allows one to determine whether the scatterer is nonlinear (e.g., mechanical damage). Here elastic waves are measured in a solid and processed to extract the nonlinear elastic response. The processed elastic signals are then time reversed, rebroadcast, and found to focus on the nonlinear scatterer, thus defining a time-reversed nonlinear elastic wave spectroscopy process. Additionally, the focusing process illuminates the complexity of the nonlinear scatterer in both space and time, providing a means to image and investigate the origins and physical mechanisms of the nonlinear elastic response. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, EES Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA USA. RP Ulrich, TJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, EES Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Johnson, Paul/0000-0002-0927-4003 NR 14 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 9 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 10 AR 104301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.104301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 144JN UT WOS:000244792400026 PM 17358539 ER PT J AU Kohsaka, Y Taylor, C Fujita, K Schmidt, A Lupien, C Hanaguri, T Azuma, M Takano, M Eisaki, H Takagi, H Uchida, S Davis, JC AF Kohsaka, Y. Taylor, C. Fujita, K. Schmidt, A. Lupien, C. Hanaguri, T. Azuma, M. Takano, M. Eisaki, H. Takagi, H. Uchida, S. Davis, J. C. TI An intrinsic bond-centered electronic glass with unidirectional domains in underdoped cuprates SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; COPPER-OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; DOPED MOTT INSULATOR; PHASE-DIAGRAM; STRIPED PHASE; LA2-XSRXCUO4; SPIN; CHARGE; SYSTEM; STATES AB Removing electrons from the CuO(2) plane of cuprates alters the electronic correlations sufficiently to produce high-temperature superconductivity. Associated with these changes are spectral-weight transfers from the high-energy states of the insulator to low energies. In theory, these should be detectable as an imbalance between the tunneling rate for electron injection and extraction - a tunneling asymmetry. We introduce atomic-resolution tunneling-asymmetry imaging, finding virtually identical phenomena in two lightly hole-doped cuprates: Ca(1.88)Na(0.12)CuO(2)Cl(2) and Bi(2)Sr(2)Dy(0.2)Ca(0.8)Cu(2)O(8+delta). Intense spatial variations in tunneling asymmetry occur primarily at the planar oxygen sites; their spatial arrangement forms a Cu-O-Cu bond-centered electronic pattern without long-range order but with 4a(0)-wide unidirectional electronic domains dispersed throughout (a(0): the Cu-O-Cu distance). The emerging picture is then of a partial hole localization within an intrinsic electronic glass evolving, at higher hole densities, into complete delocalization and highest-temperature superconductivity. C1 Cornell Univ, Atom & Solid State Phys Lab, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Adv Mat Sci, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778651, Japan. Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Phys, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Davis, JC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Atom & Solid State Phys Lab, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jcdavis@ccmr.cornell.edu RI Lupien, Christian/C-2148-2008; Takagi, Hidenori/B-2935-2010; Azuma, Masaki/C-2945-2009; Hanaguri, Tetsuo/I-6710-2012 OI Lupien, Christian/0000-0003-1767-8603; Azuma, Masaki/0000-0002-8378-321X; Hanaguri, Tetsuo/0000-0003-2896-0081 NR 45 TC 382 Z9 382 U1 21 U2 90 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 9 PY 2007 VL 315 IS 5817 BP 1380 EP 1385 DI 10.1126/science.1138584 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 143UP UT WOS:000244752200024 PM 17289939 ER PT J AU Wu, WJ Crawdord, M Bowden, M AF Wu, Wenji Crawdord, Matt Bowden, Mark TI The performance analysis of linux networking - Packet receiving SO COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE linux; TCP/IP; protocol stack; process scheduling; performance analysis AB The computing models for high-energy physics experiments are becoming ever more globally distributed and grid-based, both for technical reasons (e.g., to place computational and data resources near each other and the demand) and for strategic reasons (e.g., to leverage equipment investments). To support such computing models, the network and end systems, computing and storage, face unprecedented challenges. One of the biggest challenges is to transfer scientific data sets - now in the multi-petabyte (10(15) bytes) range and expected to grow to exabytes within a decade - reliably and efficiently among facilities and computation centers scattered around the world. Both the network and end systems should be able to provide the capabilities to support high bandwidth, sustained, end-to-end data transmission. Recent trends in technology are showing that although the raw transmission speeds used in networks are increasing rapidly, the rate of advancement of microprocessor technology has slowed down. Therefore, network protocol-processing overheads have risen sharply in comparison with the time spent in packet transmission, resulting in degraded throughput for networked applications. More and more, it is the network end system, instead of the network, that is responsible for degraded performance of network applications. In this paper, the Linux system's packet receive process is studied from NIC to application. We develop a mathematical model to characterize the Linux packet receiving process. Key factors that affect Linux systems' network performance are analyzed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Wu, WJ (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS-368,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM wenji@fnal.gov; crawdad@fnal.gov; bowden@fnal.gov NR 29 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0140-3664 EI 1873-703X J9 COMPUT COMMUN JI Comput. Commun. PD MAR 8 PY 2007 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1044 EP 1057 DI 10.1016/j.comcom.2006.11.001 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 150YE UT WOS:000245254700012 ER PT J AU Sultan, M Yan, E Sturchio, N Wagdy, A Gelil, KA Becker, R Manocha, N Milewski, A AF Sultan, M. Yan, E. Sturchio, N. Wagdy, A. Gelil, K. Abdel Becker, R. Manocha, N. Milewski, A. TI Natural discharge: A key to sustainable utilization of fossil groundwater SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE natural discharge; fossil groundwater; sustainable development; Nubian Aquifer ID EGYPT; WATER; PRECIPITATION; CONSTRAINTS; ORIGIN; DESERT AB Rising demands for fresh water supplies in and lands are leading to excessive exploitation and unsustainable mining of non-renewable fossil groundwater. Using the Nubian Aquifer of Saharan Africa as a test site, we demonstrate an integrated approach to identify areas of discharge that could have gone undetected, and to model extraction that is sustained by natural discharge. Using isotopic and geochemical analyses along with field and remote sensing data we show that discharge of the Nubian Aquifer is occurring on a Larger scale, primarily through deep-seated fault systems, and that ascending groundwater discharges into relatively thick alluvial aquifers proximal to the fault complex that defines the River Nile and the Gulf of Suez. We develop a hydrologic model to assess the discharge and to constrain sustainable extraction in the Asyuti area along the River Nile and to demonstrate a replicable model for similar reservoirs. A two-dimensional groundwater flow model was constructed and calibrated against head data from 19 wells. Results point to a significant contribution to the Asyuti groundwater system from rising Nubian groundwater (3.19 x 10(7) m(3)/yr: 75% of incoming flow) and a modest contribution (1.08 x 10(7) m(3)/yr: 25% of incoming flow) from surface runoff. Approximately 2.5 x 10(7) m(3)/yr of groundwater could be used in a sustainable manner in Asyuti. Assuming geologic settings and discharge rates similar to those at Asyuti, we estimate that 70 x 10(7) m(3)/yr of groundwater may be available for sustainable development in similar settings around the River Nile and the Gulf of Suez. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Western Michigan Univ, Dept Geosci, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, Chicago, IL USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL USA. Cairo Univ, Irrigat & Hydraul Engn Dept, Giza, Egypt. Minist Water Resources & Irrigat, Natl Water Resource Ctr, Cairo, Egypt. RP Sultan, M (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Geosci, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. EM mohamed.sultan@wmich.edu RI Becker, Richard/A-9120-2010; Milewski, Adam/C-7824-2011 OI Becker, Richard/0000-0003-2514-2040; NR 32 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR 8 PY 2007 VL 335 IS 1-2 BP 25 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.10.034 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 146ZF UT WOS:000244972500003 ER PT J AU Wemhoff, AP Burnham, AK Nichols, AL AF Wemhoff, Aaron P. Burnham, Alan K. Nichols, Albert L., III TI Application of global kinetic models to HMX beta-delta transition and cookoff processes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CONDENSED-PHASE DECOMPOSITION; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; ENERGETIC MATERIALS; OCTAHYDRO-1,3,5,7-TETRANITRO-1,3,5,7-TETRAZOCINE; EXPLOSIVES; TEMPERATURE AB The reduction of the number of reactions in kinetic models for both the HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) beta-delta phase transition and thermal cookoff provides an attractive alternative to traditional multi-stage kinetic models due to reduced calibration effort requirements. In this study, we use the LLNL code ALE3D to provide calibrated kinetic parameters for a two-reaction bidirectional beta-delta HMX phase transition model based on Sandia instrumented thermal ignition (SITI) and scaled thermal explosion (STEX) temperature history curves, and a Prout-Tompkins cookoff model based on one-dimensional time to explosion (ODTX) data. Results show that the two-reaction bidirectional beta-delta transition model presented here agrees as well with STEX and SITI temperature history curves as a reversible four-reaction Arrhenius model yet requires an order of magnitude less computational effort. In addition, a single-reaction Prout-Tompkins model calibrated to ODTX data provides better agreement with ODTX data than a traditional multistep Arrhenius model and can contain up to 90% fewer chemistry-limited time steps for low-temperature ODTX simulations. Manual calibration methods for the Prout-Tompkins kinetics provide much better agreement with ODTX experimental data than parameters derived from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements at atmospheric pressure. The predicted surface temperature at explosion for STEX cookoff simulations is a weak function of the cookoff model used, and a reduction of up to 15% of chemistry-limited time steps can be achieved by neglecting the beta-delta transition for this type of simulation. Finally, the inclusion of the beta-delta transition model in the overall kinetics model can affect the predicted time to explosion by 1% for the traditional multistep Arrhenius approach, and up to 11% using a Prout-Tompkins cookoff model. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wemhoff, AP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-227, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM wemhoff2@llnl.gov NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 8 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 9 BP 1575 EP 1584 DI 10.1021/jp066168+ PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 140TT UT WOS:000244530300002 PM 17288408 ER PT J AU Giri, BR Tranter, RS AF Giri, Binod R. Tranter, Robert S. TI Dissociation of 1,1,1-trifluoroethane behind reflected shock waves: Shock tube/time-of-flight mass spectrometry experiments SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; KINETICS; TUBE; TEMPERATURES; ACETYLENE; MECHANISM AB The dissociation of 1,1,1,-trifluoroethane, a potential non-RRKM reaction, has been studied at 600 and 1200 Torr and high temperatures (1500-1840 K) using a new shock tube/time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ST/TOF-MS). These data obtained by an independent method are in good agreement with the laser schlieren, LS, experiments of Kiefer et al. [J. Phys. Chem. A 2004, 108, 2443-2450] and extend the range of that experimental dataset. The data have been simulated by both standard RRKM calculations and the non-RRKM model reported by Kiefer et al. but with = 750 cm(-1). Both the RRKM and non-RRKM calculations provide equally good fits to the ST/TOF-MS data. Neither model simulates the combined ST/TOF-MS and LS datasets particularly well. However, the non-RRKM model predicts a pressure dependency closer to that observed in the experiments than the RRKM model. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tranter, RS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM tranter@anl.gov NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 8 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 9 BP 1585 EP 1592 DI 10.1021/jp066232n PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 140TT UT WOS:000244530300003 PM 17295454 ER PT J AU Zubarev, DY Boldyrev, AI Li, J Zhai, HJ Wang, LS AF Zubarev, Dmitry Yu. Boldyrev, Alexander I. Li, Jun Zhai, Hua-Jin Wang, Lai-Sheng TI On the chemical bonding of gold in auro-boron oxide clusters AunBO- (n=1-3) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Review ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; CARBON-MONOXIDE ADSORPTION; TRANSITION-METAL CLUSTERS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; LOW-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; CATALYTIC-ACTIVITY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; AB-INITIO AB During experiment on Au-B alloy clusters, an auro-boron oxide cluster Au2BO- was observed to be an intense peak dominating the Au-B mass spectra, along with weaker signals for AuBO- and Au3BO-. Well-resolved photoelectron spectra have been obtained for the three new oxide clusters, which exhibit an odd-even effect in electron affinities. Au2BO- is shown to be a closed shell molecule with a very high electron detachment energy, whereas AuBO and Au3BO neutrals are shown to be closed shell species with large HOMO-LUMO gaps, resulting in relatively low electron affinities. Density functional calculations were performed for both AunBO- (n = 1-3) and the corresponding HnBO- species to evaluate the analogy between bonding of gold and hydrogen in these clusters. The combination of experiment and theory allowed us to establish the structures and chemical bonding of these tertiary clusters. We find that the first gold atom does mimic hydrogen and interacts with the BO unit to produce a linear AuBO structure. This unit preserves its identity when interacting with additional gold atoms: a linear Au-[AuBO] complex is formed when adding one extra Au atom and two isomeric Au-2(-)[AuBO] complexes are formed when adding two extra Au atoms. Since BO- is isoelectronic to CO, the AunBO- species can be alternatively viewed as Au-n interacting with a BO- unit. The structures and chemical bonding in AunBO- are compared to those in the corresponding AunCO complexes. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Boldyrev, AI (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM boldyrev@cc.usu.edu; jun.li@pnl.gov; ls.wang@pnl.gov RI Li, Jun/E-5334-2011; Boldyrev, Alexander/C-5940-2009 OI Li, Jun/0000-0002-8456-3980; Boldyrev, Alexander/0000-0002-8277-3669 NR 106 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 8 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 9 BP 1648 EP 1658 DI 10.1021/jp0657437 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 140TT UT WOS:000244530300010 PM 17298038 ER PT J AU Lin, XM Claus, H Welp, U Beloborodov, IS Kwok, WK Crabtree, GW Jaeger, HM AF Lin, Xiao-Min Claus, Helmut Welp, Ulrich Beloborodov, Igor S. Kwok, Wai-Kwong Crabtree, George W. Jaeger, Heinrich M. TI Growth and properties of superconducting anisotropic lead nanoprisms SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID NANOWIRES; SILVER; ELECTRODEPOSITION; PARTICLES; MECHANISM; FILMS; SN AB Anisotropic Pb nanoprisms were synthesized using high-temperature polyol reduction of lead acetylacetonate through a kinetically controlled synthesis. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the majority of the prisms grows along {111} planes. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) on single prism revealed that the anisotropic growth is due to twinning in the growing nuclei. Magnetic measurements on a colloidal deposited film exhibited a large magnetic hysteresis that is due to the penetration and pinning of magnetic flux. This flux trapping behavior could be due to a possible transition from type I to type II superconductor given the finite thickness of the prisms (< 100 nm) or from the currents flowing in a network of coupled prisms. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Lin, XM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM xmlin@anl.gov NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAR 8 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 9 BP 3548 EP 3550 DI 10.1021/jp067773f PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 147MB UT WOS:000245006000003 ER PT J AU Metzger, WK McDonald, TJ Engtrakul, C Blackburn, JL Scholes, GD Rumbles, G Heben, MJ AF Metzger, Wyatt K. McDonald, Timothy J. Engtrakul, Chaiwat Blackburn, Jeffrey L. Scholes, Gregory D. Rumbles, Garry Heben, Michael J. TI Temperature-dependent excitonic decay and multiple states in single-wall carbon nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; AQUEOUS SUSPENSION; FLUORESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSITIONS; DYNAMICS AB We have performed steady-state photoluminescence, time-correlated single photon counting, and Raman spectroscopy measurements on single-wall carbon nanotubes from 4 to 293 K. We observe novel photoluminescence spectra that cannot be attributed to vibronic transitions and verify the existence and energy levels of weakly emissive excitonic states. By combining photoluminescence intensity and lifetime data, we determine how nonradiative and radiative excitonic decay rates change as a function of temperature and contrast this with theoretical predictions. The results suggest that recombination kinetics are influenced by multiple excitonic states, including a dark lower state. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Toronto, Ctr Quantum Informat & Quantum Control, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada. Univ Toronto, Inst Opt Sci, Lash Miller Chem Labs, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada. RP Metzger, WK (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM wyatt_metzger@nrel.gov RI Engtrakul, Chaiwat/H-5634-2011; Blackburn, Jeffrey/D-7344-2012 OI Rumbles, Garry/0000-0003-0776-1462; NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAR 8 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 9 BP 3601 EP 3606 DI 10.1021/jp066725s PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 147MB UT WOS:000245006000011 ER PT J AU Ma, S Zhao, X Rodriguez, JA Hrbek, J AF Ma, S. Zhao, X. Rodriguez, J. A. Hrbek, J. TI STM and XPS study of growth of Ce on Au(111) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; METAL-METAL INTERFACES; ELECTRONIC BEHAVIOR; SURFACE; AU; RECONSTRUCTION; NUCLEATION; PHOTOEMISSION; DISLOCATIONS; TRANSITION AB The growth of Ce on Au(111) was studied with STM and XPS in UHV. Ce islands grew on Au(111) without showing a preference for nucleation at elbows, as reported for some other clusters. XPS data show a shift of up to +0.4 eV for the Au 4f core level with increasing coverage of Ce to 2 ML at room temperature. The Ce 3d core level broadened upon heating, suggesting a strong interaction of Ce atoms with Au atoms. After heating to 470 K, the Au herringbone was distorted into trigonal structures while small Ce clusters with a narrow size distribution decorated the elbows and corners of the trigonal structures. Large islands displaying a moire pattern grew by alloying Ce atoms with Au surface in a broad size range. The second alloy phase, embedded into the surface as hexagonal islands with corners located on the herringbone stripes, has a strong resistance to oxidation by O-2 and NO2. Star-like coplanar structures seen at the intersection of six dislocation stripes are the preferential nucleation sites for the hexagonal islands. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hrbek, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM hrbek@bnl.gov RI Hrbek, Jan/I-1020-2013 NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAR 8 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 9 BP 3685 EP 3691 DI 10.1021/jp064366v PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 147MB UT WOS:000245006000024 ER PT J AU Koh, S Leisch, J Toney, MF Strasser, P AF Koh, Shirlaine Leisch, Jennifer Toney, Michael F. Strasser, Peter TI Structure-activity-stability relationships of Pt-Co alloy electrocatalysts in gas-diffusion electrode layers SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID METHANOL FUEL-CELLS; OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; PHOSPHORIC-ACID; PARTICLE-SIZE; CRYSTALLITE SIZE; CATHODE CATALYST; CARBON; PLATINUM; NI; PEMFCS AB We establish relationships between the atomic structure, composition, electrocatalytic activity, and electrochemical corrosion stability of carbon-supported Pt-Co alloy nanoparticles in electrode catalyst layers. These Pt-Co catalysts have received much attention for use as cathode layers in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) because of their favorable oxygen-reduction-reaction (ORR) activity and suspected corrosion stability. We reported an enhancement of activity of low-temperature Pt50Co50 of 3 times that of pure carbon supported Pt catalysts. The use of synchrotron X-ray diffraction has enabled structural characterization of the alloy nanoparticles both before and, importantly, after electrocatalysis under fuel cell like conditions. From this, a detailed picture of the relative activity and stability of Pt-Co alloy phases as a function of synthesis conditions has emerged. We have investigated the structure, composition, chemical ordering, and concentration of Pt-Co alloy phases in (i) a dry, freshly synthesized nanoparticle catalyst, (ii) the catalytic electrode layer in a proton-conducting polymer electrolyte before electrocatalytic activity, and (iii) the same electrode layer after electrocatalytic activity. We find that Pt50Co50 catalysts annealed at 600 degrees C consist of multiple phases: a chemically ordered face-centered tetragonal (fct) and two chemically disordered face-centered cubic (fcc) phases with differing stoichiometries. The Co-rich fcc phase suffers from corrosive Co loss during the preparation of conducting polymer electrode layers and, more significantly, during the ORR electrocatalysis. Most importantly, these fcc phases exhibit high catalytic activities for ORR (about 3x compared to a pure Pt electrocatalyst). Pt50Co50 catalysts annealed at 950 degrees C consist mainly of the fct Pt50Co50 phase. This phase shows favorable stability to corrosion in the conducting polymer electrode and during electrocatalysis, as the relative intensities of fcc(111)/fct(101) peak ratio remained consistently around 0.5 before and after preparation of conducting polymer electrode layers and before and after electrochemical measurements; however, it exhibits a lower catalytic ORR activity compared to the low-temperature fcc alloy phases (about 2.5x compared to a pure Pt electrocatalyst). Our results demonstrate the complexity in these multiphase materials with respect to catalyst activity and degradation. By understanding of the relationships between crystallographic phase, chemical ordering, composition, and the resulting electrochemical activity and corrosion stability of fuel cell catalysts within polymer-electrolyte/catalyst composites, we can move toward the rational design of active and durable catalyst materials for PEMFC electrodes. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Strasser, P (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM pstrasser@uh.edu RI Strasser, Peter/A-1868-2012 NR 63 TC 147 Z9 148 U1 17 U2 89 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAR 8 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 9 BP 3744 EP 3752 DI 10.1021/jp067269a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 147MB UT WOS:000245006000032 ER PT J AU Qiu, WL Habenschuss, A Wunderlich, B AF Qiu, Wulin Habenschuss, Anton Wunderlich, Bernhard TI The phase structures of nylon 6.6 as studied by temperature-modulated calorimetry and their link to X-ray structure and molecular motion SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE polymer science; nylon 6.6; melting ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ALIPHATIC NYLONS; POLYAMIDES; CRYSTALS; CRYSTALLIZATION; MACROMOLECULES; POLYETHYLENE; TRANSITIONS; DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR AB The phase behavior of semicrystalline, dry nylon 6.6 is analyzed on the basis of differential scanning calorimetry, DSC, and quasi-isothermal, temperature-modulated DSC, TMDSC. The data were collected over the temperature range from below the glass transitions to above the isotropization. Based on the contributions of the vibrational motion to the heat capacity, as is available from the ATHAS Data Bank, and the multifaceted new calorimetry, as well as on information on X-ray diffraction, molecular dynamics simulation of paraffin crystals, and quasi-elastic neutron scattering, the following observations are made: (a) beginning at the glass transition temperature of the mobile-amorphous phase (T-g = 323 K), a broadened transition of the semicrystalline sample is observed which reaches to 342 K (T-g = 332.7 K). An additional rigidamorphous phase, RAF, undergoes its separate, broad glass transition immediately thereafter (340-400 K, T-g approximate to 370 K). (b) The transition of the RAF, in turn, overlaps with increasing large-amplitude motion of the CHz groups within the crystals and latent heat effects due to melting, recrystallization, and crystal annealing. (c) From 390 to 480 K the heat capacity of the crystals increasingly exceeds that of the melt due to additional entropy (disordering) contributions. Above 440 K, close to the Brill temperature, the heat capacity seems to drop to the level of the melt. (d) If observation (c) is confirmed, some locally reversible melting is present on the crystal surfaces. (e) The increasing large-amplitude motion is described as a glass transition of the crystals, occurring below the melting point, at 409 K. The assumption of a separate glass transition in the ordered phase was previously successful in analyzing aliphatic poly(oxide)s and mesophases. The full description of the globally metastable, semicrystalline phase structure of nylons, thus, needs information on the glass transitions of the two amorphous phases and the ordered phase and the various irreversible and locally reversible order/order transitions and their kinetics. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wunderlich, B (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM wunderlich@chartertn.net NR 40 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD MAR 8 PY 2007 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1641 EP 1650 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.01.024 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 150ZE UT WOS:000245257300027 ER PT J AU Davis, IS Shachar-Hill, B Curry, MR Kim, KS Pedley, TJ Hill, AE AF Davis, I. S. Shachar-Hill, B. Curry, M. R. Kim, K. S. Pedley, T. J. Hill, A. E. TI Osmosis in semi-permeable pores: an examination of the basic flow equations based on an experimental and molecular dynamics study SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE osmotic permeability; molecular dynamics; water transport; pore structure; aquaporins; reflexion coefficients ID MEMBRANE PORES; WATER CHANNEL; OSMOTIC FLOW; RED-CELL; BIOLOGICAL-MEMBRANES; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; CARBON NANOTUBE; TRANSPORT; AQUAPORIN-1; PERMEATION AB Classically 'semi-permeable' pores are generally considered to mediate osmotic flow at a rate dependent upon the hydraulic conductance of the pore and the difference in water potential. The shape or size of the solute molecules is not considered to exert a first-order effect on the flow rate nor is the hydraulic conductance thought to be solute dependent. By the experimental measurement of osmosis in the biological pore AQP ( aquaporin) and hard-sphere molecular dynamics simulation of a model pore, we show here that the solute radius can have a profound effect on the osmotic flow rate, causing it to decline steeply with decreasing solute radius. Using a simple non-equilibrium thermodynamic theory, we propose that an additional 'osmotic flow coefficient' is required to describe flows in semi-permeable structures such as AQPs, and that the fall in flow rate with radius represents a conversion from hydraulic to diffusive water flow due to increasing penetration of the pore by the solute. The interaction between the pore geometry and the solute size cannot, therefore, be overlooked, although for every solute the system obeys the criterion for semi-permeability required by basic thermodynamics. The osmotic pore theory therefore reveals a novel and potentially rich structure that remains to be explored in full. C1 Univ Cambridge, Physiol Lab, Cambridge CB2 3EG, England. Lincoln Univ, Riseholme LN2 2LG, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England. RP Hill, AE (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Physiol Lab, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EG, England. EM aeh1@hermes.cam.ac.uk NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 21 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-5021 J9 P R SOC A JI Proc. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD MAR 8 PY 2007 VL 463 IS 2079 BP 881 EP 896 DI 10.1098/rspa.2006.1803 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 128DV UT WOS:000243639100013 ER PT J AU Kerlau, M Reichel, P Barsan, N Weimar, W Delsarte-Gueguen, S Merdrignac-Conanec, O AF Kerlau, M. Reichel, P. Barsan, N. Weimar, W. Delsarte-Gueguen, S. Merdrignac-Conanec, O. TI Detection of propane by "GaON" thick-film gas sensors SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE gallium oxynitride; thick-film sensors; propane detection mechanism; temperature programmed desorption-mass spectrometry ID VANADIUM-OXIDE CATALYSTS; OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION; SELECTIVE OXIDATION; SURFACE; MOLYBDATE; PATHWAYS; KINETICS; POWDERS; REACTOR AB The detection mechanism of propane by gallium oxynitride ("GaON") sensors was investigated. The electrical resistance of the sensors was monitored during propane exposure (0, 15, 30, 50 and 100 ppm) in dry and humid atmosphere (10% relative humidity at room temperature), at different oxygen concentrations (0, 2, 5, 10 and 20%). Temperature programmed desorption-mass spectrometry (TPD-MS) was used to investigate the species desorbing from the surface of "GaON" after exposure to propane at 250 degrees C and 350 degrees C. The detected species were propene, propane, CO, CO2, NH3 and H2O. This study demonstrates that the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of propane on "GaON" can take place without oxygen in the gaseous phase, thus implying a redox Mars-van Krevelen mechanism, which involves the contribution of lattice oxygen and possibly nitrogen during the activation of propane on the sensor surface. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, UMR 6512, Lab Verres & Ceram,Inst Chim Rennes, F-35042 Rennes, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Tubingen, Inst Phys & Theoret Chem, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. Univ Catholique Louvain, Unite Catalyse & Chim Mat Div, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. RP Merdrignac-Conanec, O (reprint author), Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, UMR 6512, Lab Verres & Ceram,Inst Chim Rennes, F-35042 Rennes, France. EM merdrign@univ-rennes1.fr RI Merdrignac-Conanec, Odile/C-1391-2010; Barsan, Nicolae/A-7310-2008; OI Barsan, Nicolae/0000-0001-6718-9889 NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD MAR 8 PY 2007 VL 122 IS 1 BP 14 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2006.05.001 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 151VY UT WOS:000245320100003 ER PT J AU Szanyi, J Kwak, JH Kim, DH Wang, XQ Hanson, J Chimentao, RJ Peden, CHF AF Szanyi, Janos Kwak, Ja Hun Kim, Do Heui Wang, Xianqin Hanson, Jonathan Chimentao, Ricardo J. Peden, Charles H. F. TI Water-induced morphology changes in BaO/gamma-Al2O3 NOx storage materials SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-OXIDES; BARIUM OXIDE; FT-IR; BAO/AL2O3; CATALYSTS; ADSORPTION; REDUCTION; RELEASE; H2O; CO2 AB Exposure of NO2-saturated BaO/gamma-Al2O3 NOx storage materials to H2O vapour results in the conversion of surface nitrates to Ba(NO3)(2) crystallites, causing dramatic morphological changes in the Ba-containing phase, demonstrating a role for water in affecting the NOx storage/reduction properties of these materials. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Rovira & Virgili, Dept Engn Quim, Tarragona, Spain. RP Szanyi, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM janos.szanyi@pnl.gov RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010; Hep, Eric/E-7082-2010; Kwak, Ja Hun/J-4894-2014; Kim, Do Heui/I-3727-2015; OI Peden, Charles/0000-0001-6754-9928 NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PD MAR 7 PY 2007 IS 9 BP 984 EP 986 DI 10.1039/b613674e PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 147OC UT WOS:000245011300031 PM 17311142 ER PT J AU Hollingsworth, JL Young, RE Schubert, G Covey, C Grossman, AS AF Hollingsworth, J. L. Young, R. E. Schubert, G. Covey, C. Grossman, A. S. TI A simple-physics global circulation model for Venus: Sensitivity assessments of atmospheric superrotation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MERIDIONAL CIRCULATION; SIMULATIONS; ROTATION; WAVES; AGCM; GCM AB A 3D global circulation model is adapted to the atmosphere of Venus to explore the nature of the planet's atmospheric superrotation. The model employs the full meteorological primitive equations and simplified forms for diabatic and other nonconservative forcings. It is therefore economical for performing very long simulations. To assess circulation equilibration and the occurrence of atmospheric superrotation, the climate model is run for 10,000-20,000 day integrations at 4 degrees x 5 degrees latitude-longitude horizontal resolution, and 56 vertical levels (denoted L56). The sensitivity of these simulations to imposed Venus-like diabatic heating rates, momentum dissipation rates, and various other key parameters (e.g., near-surface momentum drag), in addition to model configuration (e.g., low versus high vertical domain and number of atmospheric levels), is examined. We find equatorial superrotation in several of our numerical experiments, but the magnitude of superrotation is often less than observed. Further, the meridional structure of the mean zonal overturning (i.e., Hadley circulation) can consist of numerous cells which are symmetric about the equator and whose depth scale appears sensitive to the number of vertical layers imposed in the model atmosphere. We find that when realistic diabatic heating is imposed in the lowest several scales heights, only extremely weak atmospheric superrotation results. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, San Jose State Univ Fdn, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Climate & Carbon Sci Grp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hollingsworth, JL (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, San Jose State Univ Fdn, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM jeffh@humbabe.arc.nasa.gov; richardeyoung2@aol.com; schubert@ucla.edu; covey1@llnl.gov; bsgasg@sbcglobal.net NR 20 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 7 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 5 AR L05202 DI 10.1029/2006GL028567 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 145WV UT WOS:000244897400002 ER PT J AU Doherty, WJ Friedlein, R Renouard, T Mathis, C Salaneck, WR AF Doherty, Walter J., III Friedlein, Rainer Renouard, Thierry Mathis, Claude Salaneck, William R. TI Electronic structure of Li-intercalated oligopyridines: A comparative study by photoelectron spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTING POLYMERS; AB-INITIO; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; LITHIUM INTERCALATION; SECONDARY BATTERY; CARBON MATERIALS; CHARGE-TRANSFER; DOPED BIPHENYL; BIPOLARONS; NITROGEN AB The role of nitrogen in the charge transfer and storage capacity of lithium-intercalated heterocyclic oligophenylenes was investigated using photoelectron spectroscopy. The development of new occupied states at low binding energies in the valence band region, as well as core level chemical shifts at both carbon and nitrogen sites, demonstrates partial charge transfer from lithium atoms to the organic component during formation of the intercalated compound. In small compounds, i.e., biphenyl and bipyridine derivatives, the position of the nitrogen heteroatom significantly affects the spacing between gap states in the Li-intercalated film; yet it has minimal effects on the charge storage capacity. In larger, branched systems, the presence of nitrogen in the aromatic system significantly enhances the charge storage capacity while the Li-N bond strength at high intercalation levels is significantly weakened relative to the nitrogen-free derivative. These observations have strong implications towards improved deintercalation processes in organic electrodes in lithium-ion batteries. C1 Linkoping Univ, IFM, Dept Phys Chem & Biol, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. Inst Charles Sadron, UPR 22 CNRS, F-67083 Strasbourg, France. Linkoping Univ, IFM, Dept Phys, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. RP Doherty, WJ (reprint author), NREL, Chem & Biosci Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM walter_doherty@nrel.gov NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 7 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 9 AR 094708 DI 10.1063/1.2710262 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 143QJ UT WOS:000244737400027 PM 17362119 ER PT J AU Venkataraman, C Miller, WH AF Venkataraman, Charulatha Miller, William H. TI Chemical reaction rates using the semiclassical Van Vleck initial value representation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL RATE CONSTANTS; TRANSITION-STATE THEORY; QUANTUM INSTANTON APPROXIMATION; TIME-CORRELATION FUNCTIONS; DISCRETE VARIABLE REPRESENTATION; STATISTICAL-MECHANICAL THEORY; COMPLEX MOLECULAR-SYSTEMS; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; PATH INTEGRAL METHODS AB A semiclassical initial value representation formulation using the Van Vleck [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 14, 178 (1928)] propagator has been used to calculate the flux correlation function and thereby reaction rate constants. This Van Vleck formulation of the flux-flux correlation function is computationally as simple as the classical Wigner [Trans. Faraday Soc. 34, 29 (1938)] model. However, unlike the latter, it has the ability to capture quantum interference/coherence effects. Classical trajectories are evolved starting from the dividing surface that separates reactants and products, and are evolved negatively in time. This formulation has been tested on model problems ranging from the Eckart barrier, double well to the collinear H+H-2. (c) American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Kenneth S Pitzer Ctr Theoret Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Chem Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Venkataraman, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 65 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 7 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 9 AR 094104 DI 10.1063/1.2567200 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 143QJ UT WOS:000244737400009 PM 17362101 ER PT J AU Holloway, G Dupont, F Golubeva, E Hakkinen, S Hunke, E Jin, M Karcher, M Kauker, F Maltrud, M Maqueda, MAM Maslowski, W Platov, G Stark, D Steele, M Suzuki, T Wang, J Zhang, J AF Holloway, G. Dupont, F. Golubeva, E. Haekkinen, S. Hunke, E. Jin, M. Karcher, M. Kauker, F. Maltrud, M. Maqueda, M. A. Morales Maslowski, W. Platov, G. Stark, D. Steele, M. Suzuki, T. Wang, J. Zhang, J. TI Water properties and circulation in Arctic Ocean models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID WORLD OCEAN; HALOCLINE; PARAMETERIZATION; ADVECTION; LAYER; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS; SCHEME; FLUX AB As a part of the Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project, results from 10 Arctic ocean/ice models are intercompared over the period 1970 through 1999. Models' monthly mean outputs are laterally integrated over two subdomains (Amerasian and Eurasian basins), then examined as functions of depth and time. Differences in such fields as averaged temperature and salinity arise from models' differences in parameterizations and numerical methods and from different domain sizes, with anomalies that develop at lower latitudes carried into the Arctic. A systematic deficiency is seen as AOMIP models tend to produce thermally stratified upper layers rather than the "cold halocline", suggesting missing physics perhaps related to vertical mixing or to shelf-basin exchanges. Flow fields pose a challenge for intercomparison. We introduce topostrophy, the vertical component of V x del D where V is monthly mean velocity and del D is the gradient of total depth, characterizing the tendency to follow topographic slopes. Positive topostrophy expresses a tendency for cyclonic "rim currents". Systematic differences of models' circulations are found to depend strongly upon assumed roles of unresolved eddies. C1 Inst Ocean Sci, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. Univ Laval, Ste Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Computat Math & Math Geophys, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Climate Ocean & Sea Ice Modeling Program, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Proudman Oceanog Lab, Liverpool L3 5DA, Merseyside, England. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Frontier Res Ctr Global Change, Kanagawa 236001, Japan. RP Holloway, G (reprint author), Inst Ocean Sci, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. RI Hakkinen, Sirpa/E-1461-2012; Golubeva, Elena/A-6606-2014; Platov, Gennady/A-6598-2014; Jin, Meibing/F-7666-2010 OI Golubeva, Elena/0000-0001-6178-6789; Platov, Gennady/0000-0003-3142-0721; NR 41 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 7 PY 2007 VL 112 IS C4 AR C04S03 DI 10.1029/2006JC003642 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 145XT UT WOS:000244899800001 ER PT J AU Lipscomb, WH Hunke, EC Maslowski, W Jakacki, J AF Lipscomb, William H. Hunke, Elizabeth C. Maslowski, Wieslaw Jakacki, Jaromir TI Ridging, strength, and stability in high-resolution sea ice models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID THICKNESS DISTRIBUTION; PACK ICE; FRAM STRAIT; DYNAMICS; RHEOLOGY; DEFORMATION; SIMULATION; OCEAN; CLIMATE; STRESS AB In multicategory sea ice models the compressive strength of the ice pack is often assumed to be a function of the potential energy of pressure ridges. This assumption, combined with other standard features of ridging schemes, allows the ice strength to change dramatically on short timescales. In high-resolution (similar to 10 km) sea ice models with a typical time step (similar to 1 hour), abrupt strength changes can lead to large internal stress gradients that destabilize the flow. The unstable flow is characterized by large oscillations in ice concentration, thickness, strength, velocity, and strain rates. Straightforward, physically motivated changes in the ridging scheme can reduce the likelihood of abrupt strength changes and improve stability. In simple test problems with flow toward and around topography, stability is significantly enhanced by eliminating the threshold fraction G* in the ridging participation function. Use of an exponential participation function increases the maximum stable time step at 10-km resolution from less than 30 min to about 2 hours. Modifying the redistribution function to build thinner ridges modestly improves stability and also gives better agreement between modeled and observed thickness distributions. Allowing the ice strength to increase linearly with the mean ice thickness improves stability but probably underestimates the maximum stresses. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Lipscomb, WH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T3, Mailstop B216, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lipscomb@lanl.gov NR 46 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 7 PY 2007 VL 112 IS C3 AR C03S91 DI 10.1029/2005JC003355 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 145XQ UT WOS:000244899500001 ER PT J AU Sun, YG Rogers, JA AF Sun, Yugang Rogers, John A. TI Structural forms of single crystal semiconductor nanoribbons for high-performance stretchable electronics SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; SIGE/SI/CR HELICAL NANOBELTS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; LARGE-AREA; SOFT LITHOGRAPHY; STAMP COLLAPSE; METAL-FILMS; SILICON; NANOTUBES; NANOWIRES AB This feature article reviews some concepts for forming single-crystalline semiconductor nanoribbons in 'stretchable' geometrical configurations with emphasis on the materials and surface chemistries used in their fabrication and the mechanics of their response to applied strains. As implemented with ribbons that have periodic or aperiodic sinusoidal 'wavy' or 'buckled' shapes and are surface chemically bonded to elastomeric poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) supports, these concepts enable levels of mechanical stretchability (and compressibility) that exceed, by orders of magnitude, the intrinsic fracture strains in the ribbon materials themselves. These results, in combination with active functional device elements that can be formed on the surfaces of these 'wavy' or 'buckled' ribbons, represent a class of potentially valuable building blocks for stretchable electronics, with application possibilities in personal or structural health monitors, sensory skins, spherically curved focal plane arrays and other systems that cannot be achieved easily with other approaches. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Beckman Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Beckman Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sun, YG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ygsun@anl.gov; jrogers@uiuc.edu RI Sun, Yugang /A-3683-2010; Rogers, John /L-2798-2016 OI Sun, Yugang /0000-0001-6351-6977; NR 71 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 5 U2 42 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PD MAR 7 PY 2007 VL 17 IS 9 BP 832 EP 840 DI 10.1039/b614793c PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 145UW UT WOS:000244892300001 ER PT J AU Ji, Y Hoffmann, A Jiang, JS Pearson, JE Bader, SD AF Ji, Y. Hoffmann, A. Jiang, J. S. Pearson, J. E. Bader, S. D. TI Non-local spin injection in lateral spin valves SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Colloquium on Magnetic Films and Surfaces (ICMFS 2006) CY AUG 14-18, 2006 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Promot Sci, Fdn Adv Technol Inst ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; MAGNETIZATION; ACCUMULATION; TRANSPORT; CHARGE AB Injection and detection of non-local spin accumulation have been demonstrated in a series of nanoscale metallic lateral spin valves, fabricated by electron beam lithography. A distinct feature of non-local spin valves is that a pure spin current without charge flow can be generated. The measured spin signal is only sensitive to the relative orientations of the detector spin and the spin accumulation, and exhibits little charge background voltage. The injection polarizations of the interfaces and the spin diffusion lengths of the non-magnetic components have been determined by measuring the spin signals from a set of similar spin valves with varying injector and detector separations. In Py/Au/Py lateral spin valves, where Py is permalloy, the injection polarization across the Py/Au interface is 3%, and the spin diffusion length of Au is 63 +/- 15 nm at 10 K. In Co/Cu/Co lateral spin valves, the injection polarization across the Co/Cu interface is increased to over 7%, due to better interfacial quality compared with Py/Au. The spin diffusion length of Cu is 200 +/- 20 nm at 10 K, and > 110 nm at 300 K. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ji, Y (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RI Hoffmann, Axel/A-8152-2009; Ji, Yi/K-8027-2012; Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013 OI Hoffmann, Axel/0000-0002-1808-2767; NR 24 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD MAR 7 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1280 EP 1284 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/40/5/S13 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 151IG UT WOS:000245283100014 ER PT J AU Cowley, RE Bontchev, RP Sorrell, J Sarracino, O Feng, YH Wang, HB Smith, JM AF Cowley, Ryan E. Bontchev, Ranko P. Sorrell, John Sarracino, Orcino Feng, Yanhua Wang, Haobin Smith, Jeremy M. TI Formation of a cobalt(III) imido from a cobalt(II) amido complex. Evidence for proton-coupled electron transfer SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BOND-DISSOCIATION ENERGIES; ATOM TRANSFER-REACTIONS; C-H ACTIVATION; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; IRON COMPLEXES; MANGANESE; OXO; 3-COORDINATE; REACTIVITY AB The cobalt(II) amido complex, (LCoNHBu)-Bu-t (L = bulky tris(carbene)borate) reacts with the 2,4,6-tri(tertbutyl) phenoxy radical to form the cobalt(III) imido, (LCoNBu)-Bu-t. A computational investigation (SDD and 6-31G*) of possible reaction pathways provides evidence for a mechanism involving concerted proton-coupled electron transfer. The N-H BDE is computationally estimated to be 75 kcal/mol. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Smith, JM (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jesmith@nmsu.edu RI Wang, Haobin/E-1208-2011; Smith, Jeremy/H-5043-2012 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R25 GM048998, R25 GM 048998, R25 GM048998-03] NR 40 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 7 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 9 BP 2424 EP + DI 10.1021/ja066899n PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 143OF UT WOS:000244731300008 PM 17288417 ER PT J AU Wang, ZC Li, ZY Medforth, CJ Shelnutt, JA AF Wang, Zhongchun Li, Zhiyong Medforth, Craig J. Shelnutt, John A. TI Self-assembly and self-metallization of porphyrin nanosheets SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; NANOPARTICLES; ORGANIZATION AB Square porphyrin nanosheets with uniform thickness (7-12 nm) and aspect ratios up to 100 have been synthesized for the first time using a reprecipitation method. They retain the photocatalytic activity of the precursor molecules and can be self-metallized with Pt, Pd, and Au. Their unique morphology, photocatalytic properties, and large surface areas suggest potential applications in photo- and electrocatalysis, sensing, as components for optoelectronic nanodevices, and solar energy capture and conversion. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Nanostruct & Semicond Phys Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Hewlett Packard Labs, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Shelnutt, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Nanostruct & Semicond Phys Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jasheln@unm.edu RI Shelnutt, John/A-9987-2009; Medforth, Craig/D-8210-2013; REQUIMTE, FMN/M-5611-2013; REQUIMTE, UCIBIO/N-9846-2013 OI Shelnutt, John/0000-0001-7368-582X; Medforth, Craig/0000-0003-3046-4909; NR 21 TC 118 Z9 123 U1 8 U2 72 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 7 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 9 BP 2440 EP + DI 10.1021/ja068250o PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 143OF UT WOS:000244731300016 PM 17290997 ER PT J AU Liu, F Cardolaccia, T Hornstein, BJ Schoonover, JR Meyer, TJ AF Liu, Feng Cardolaccia, Thomas Hornstein, Brooks J. Schoonover, Jon R. Meyer, Thomas J. TI Electrochemical oxidation of water by an adsorbed mu-oxo-bridged Ru complex SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-ENERGY CONVERSION AB The (mu)-oxo-bridged complex, [((OH)(2)OP-tpy)(H2O)(2)RuORu(OH2)(2)(tpy-PO(OH)(2))](4+) (tpy-PO(OH)(2) is 4'-phosphonato-2,2':6',2 ''-terpyridine), was prepared and attached to ITO (Sn(IV)-doped In2O3) and nanocrystalline 10-20 nm diameter TiO2, ZrO2, and SnO2 thin film (similar to 10 m thickness) electrodes. The complex retains its proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) and water oxidation properties on oxide surfaces. The electrochemically generated Ru-VI-O-Ru-V and Ru-V-O-Ru-V forms of the complex oxidize water with turnover numbers of 3.0 and 2.6 for Ru-VI-O-Ru-V and 1.8 and 1.0 for Ru-V-O-Ru-V at pH = 1 (triflic acid) and pH = 6 (terephthalic acid buffer), respectively. Cyclic voltammetric and spectroelectrochemical measurements have given significant insight into the water oxidation mechanism and origins of catalyst deactivation. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Meyer, TJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM tjmeyer@unc.edu NR 16 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 7 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 9 BP 2446 EP + DI 10.1021/ja068630+ PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 143OF UT WOS:000244731300019 PM 17284036 ER PT J AU Bratko, D Daub, CD Leung, K Luzar, A AF Bratko, Dusan Daub, Christopher D. Leung, Kevin Luzar, Alenka TI Effect of field direction on electrowetting in a nanopore SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; LIQUID WATER; CARBON NANOTUBES; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; CONFINED WATER; HYDROPHOBIC ATTRACTION; SURFACES; INTERFACE; SPECTROSCOPY; EVAPORATION AB We manifest a significant influence of field direction and polarity on surface wetting, when the latter is tuned by application of an external electric field. Thermodynamics of field-induced filling of hydrocarbon-like nanopores with water is studied by open ensemble molecular simulation. Increased field strength consistently results in water-filling and electrostriction in hydrophobic nanopores. A threshold field commensurate with surface charge density of about one elementary charge per 10 nm(2) suffices to render prototypical paraffin surfaces hydrophilic. When a field is applied in the direction perpendicular to the confining walls, the competition between orientational polarization and angle preferences of interfacial water molecules relative to the walls results in an asymmetric wettability of opposing surfaces (Janus interface). Reduction of surface free energy observed upon alignment of confinement walls with field direction suggests a novel mechanism whereby the applied electric field can operate selectively on water-filled nanotubes while empty ones remain unaffected. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bratko, D (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM dnb@berkeley.edu; aluzar@vcu.edu RI Daub, Christopher/B-1460-2015 OI Daub, Christopher/0000-0002-4290-9058 NR 57 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 5 U2 56 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 7 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 9 BP 2504 EP 2510 DI 10.1021/ja0659370 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 143OF UT WOS:000244731300031 PM 17284031 ER PT J AU Werkema, EL Maron, L Eisenstein, O Andersen, RA AF Werkema, Evan L. Maron, Laurent Eisenstein, Odile Andersen, Richard A. TI Reactions of monomeric [1,2,4-(Me3C)(3)C5H2](2)CeH and CO with or without H-2: An experimental and computational study SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review ID CARBON-MONOXIDE ACTIVATION; BOND-DISSOCIATION ENERGIES; TRANSITION-METAL-COMPLEXES; FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS; RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; X-RAY; AB-INITIO; ETA-2-ACYL COMPLEXES; METHANOL SYNTHESIS; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS AB Addition of CO to [1,2,4-(Me3C)(3)C5H2](2)CeH, Cp'2CeH, in toluene yields the cis-(Cp'Ce-2)2(mu-OCHCHO), in which the cis-enediolate group bridges the two metallocene fragments. The cis-enediolate quantitatively isomerizes intramolecularly to the trans-enediolate in C6D6 at 100 degrees C over 7 months. When the solvent is pentane, Cp'Ce-2(OCH2) CeCp'(2) forms, in which the oxomethylene group or the formaldehyde dianion bridges the two metallocene fragments. The cis-enediolate is suggested to form by insertion of CO into the Ce-C bond of Cp'Ce-2(OCH2)CeCp'(2), generating Cp'2CeOCH2COCeCp'(2). The stereochemistry of the cis-enediolate is determined by a 1,2-hydrogen shift in the OCH2CO fragment that has the OC(H-2) bond anti-periplanar relative to the carbene lone pair. The bridging oxomethylene complex reacts with H-2, but not with CH4, to give Cp'2CeOMe, which is also the product of the reaction between Cp'2CeH and a mixture of CO and H-2. The oxomethylene complex reacts with CO to give the cis-enediolate complex. DFT calculations on C5H5 model metallocenes show that the reaction of Cp2CeH with CO and H-2 to give Cp2CeOMe is exoergic by 50 kcal mol(-1). The net reaction proceeds by a series of elementary reactions that occur after the formyl complex, Cp2Ce(eta(2)-CHO), is formed by further reaction with H-2. The key point that emerges from the calculated potential energy surface is the bifunctional nature of the metal formyl in which the carbon atom behaves as a donor and acceptor. Replacing H-2 by CH4 increases the activation energy by 17 kcal mol(-1). C1 Univ Toulouse 3, IRSAMC, CNRS, UMR 5626,Lab Phys Quant, F-31064 Toulouse 04, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Montpellier 2, UMI, ENSCM, CNRS,UM2,UMR 5253,Inst Charles Gerhardt, F-34095 Montpellier, France. RP Maron, L (reprint author), Univ Toulouse 3, IRSAMC, CNRS, UMR 5626,Lab Phys Quant, 118 Route Narbonne, F-31064 Toulouse 04, France. EM laurent.maron@irsamc.ups-tlse.fr; odile.eisenstein@univ-montp2.fr; raandersen@lbl.gov RI Eisenstein, Odile/I-1704-2016 OI Eisenstein, Odile/0000-0001-5056-0311 NR 117 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 7 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 9 BP 2529 EP 2541 DI 10.1021/ja066482h PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 143OF UT WOS:000244731300035 PM 17286402 ER PT J AU Wang, G Ji, Y Zhang, LH Zhu, YM Gouma, PI Dudley, M AF Wang, Guan Ji, Yuan Zhang, Lihua Zhu, Yimei Gouma, Pelagia-Irene Dudley, Michael TI Synthesis of molybdenum oxide nanoplatelets during crystallization of the precursor gel from its hybrid nanocomposites SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MOO3 THIN-FILMS; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOWIRES; NANOBELTS; NANOTUBES; CHEMISTRY; TRIOXIDE; NANORODS C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wang, G (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM guwang@ic.sunysb.edu RI Ji, Yuan/A-6180-2010; Zhang, Lihua/F-4502-2014 NR 29 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAR 6 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 5 BP 979 EP 981 DI 10.1021/cm062454m PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 139YC UT WOS:000244467800007 ER PT J AU Patel, AJ Balsara, NP AF Patel, A. J. Balsara, N. P. TI Observing nucleation close to the binodal by perturbing metastable polymer blends SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; THERMODYNAMIC INTERACTIONS; PHASE-SEPARATION; LIQUID-MIXTURES; CRITICAL LENGTH; INITIAL-STAGES; CRYSTALLIZATION; FLUCTUATION; GROWTH; ENERGY AB The initial stages of liquid-liquid phase separation in an off-critical binary polymer blend were studied by time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). Phase separation is triggered by quenching homogeneous blends from the single-phase to the two-phase region of the phase diagram. Our objective was to determine the size of the critical nucleus, R-c, over a wide range of quench depths, kappa. We present results obtained from two-step quenches. In the first step, the blend is subjected to a deep quench, kappa', for a brief period of time. This is followed by a reduction in quench depth to kappa. One can view the first quench as a perturbation. We demonstrate that under certain conditions the only effect of the perturbation is to hasten nucleation kinetics at kappa. This allows the determination of R-c at low quench depths near the binodal, where nucleation barriers preclude the formation of viable nuclei after single-step quenches on experimental time scales. Our experiments at large kappa provide no evidence for a change in phase separation mechanism upon crossing the classical spinodal. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Balsara, NP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAR 6 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1675 EP 1683 DI 10.1021/ma061947+ PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 139XX UT WOS:000244467300044 ER PT J AU Bark, CW Cho, KC Koo, YM Tamura, N Ryu, S Jang, HM AF Bark, Chung W. Cho, Kyung C. Koo, Yang M. Tamura, Nobumichi Ryu, Sangwoo Jang, Hyun M. TI Two-dimensional mapping of triaxial strain fields in a multiferroic BiFeO3 thin film using scanning x-ray microdiffraction SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION; HETEROSTRUCTURES AB The dramatically enhanced polarizations and saturation magnetizations observed in the epitaxially constrained BiFeO3 (BFO) thin films with their pronounced grain-orientation dependence have attracted much attention and are attributed largely to the constrained in-plane strain. Thus, it is highly desirable to directly obtain information on the two-dimensional (2D) distribution of the in-plane strain and its correlation with the grain orientation of each corresponding microregion. Here the authors report a 2D quantitative mapping of the grain orientation and the local triaxial strain field in a 250 nm thick multiferroic BFO film using a synchrotron x-ray microdiffraction technique. This direct scanning measurement demonstrates that the deviatoric component of the in-plane strain tensor is between 5x10(-3) and 6x10(-3) and that the local triaxial strain is fairly well correlated with the grain orientation in that particular region. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Pohang Accelerator Lab, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jang, HM (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. EM hmjang@postech.ac.kr RI Jang, Hyun/E-5288-2011; OI Bark, Chung Wung/0000-0002-9394-4240 NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 5 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 10 AR 102904 DI 10.1063/1.2711530 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 144JG UT WOS:000244791700074 ER PT J AU Chow, WW Kneissl, M Northrup, JE Johnson, NM AF Chow, W. W. Kneissl, M. Northrup, J. E. Johnson, N. M. TI Influence of quantum-well-barrier composition on gain and threshold current in AlGaN lasers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIODES; NM AB In an AlGaN quantum-well laser, the presence of Al affects the optical properties of the gain-generating active region partly because of the distinct difference in the band structure between AlN and GaN or InN. The intricate connection between band structure and internal-electric-field effects leads to a noticeably stronger influence of barrier composition on optical gain, lasing polarization, and threshold current than in conventional near-infrared III-V lasers. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Semicond Mat & Device Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Solid State Phys, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. Palo Alto Res Ctr, Elect Mat & Devices Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Chow, WW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Semicond Mat & Device Sci Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM wwchow@sandia.gov RI Kneissl, Michael/B-9682-2012 NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 5 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 10 AR 101116 DI 10.1063/1.2679969 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 144JG UT WOS:000244791700016 ER PT J AU Joly, AG Xiong, G Wang, CM McCready, DE Beck, KM Hess, WP AF Joly, Alan G. Xiong, Gang Wang, Chongmin McCready, David E. Beck, Kenneth M. Hess, Wayne P. TI Synthesis and photoexcited charge carrier dynamics of beta-FeOOH nanorods SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IRON-OXIDE; ALPHA-FE2O3; HEMATITE; OXIDATION; SPECTRA; WATER; GAAS; UV AB beta-FeOOH nanorods of dimensions of 15 nm diameter and 200 nm length were prepared by aqueous synthesis. Charge carrier dynamics following femtosecond excitation display three time scales. The first is a subpicosecond decay of initially excited carriers to the band edge followed by trapping or nonradiative decay within 2 ps. The trapped electrons and holes persist for significantly longer times (at least tens of picoseconds), similar to previous results from alpha-Fe2O3 materials. The short carrier lifetimes in these materials are attributed to fast trapping to Fe d-d and midgap states. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Joly, AG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM agjoly@pnl.gov NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 5 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 10 AR 103504 DI 10.1063/1.2711395 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 144JG UT WOS:000244791700102 ER PT J AU Kang, SH Nguyen, H Quynh, T Yoon, SG Kim, ET Lee, Z Radmilovic, V AF Kang, Sueng-Hee Nguyen, Hoa Quynh, Thi Yoon, Soon-Gil Kim, Eui-Tae Lee, Zonghoon Radmilovic, Velimir TI Co clustering and ferromagnetism in chemical vapor deposited Ti1-xCoxO2-delta thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE FERROMAGNETISM; TIO2 AB Stoichiometric Ti1-xCoxO2 and oxygen-deficient Ti1-xCoxO2-delta thin films were grown on Si (001) by plasma-enhanced metal-organic chemical vapor deposition and their microstructures and ferromagnetic properties were investigated. The stoichiometric film grown at 430 degrees C showed no discernable Co metal clustering or measurable coercive field. In contrast, oxygen-deficient films fabricated without supplying O-2 contained significant Co clusters of similar to 10-20 nm, which appeared to be the major reason for the observed room-temperature ferromagnetism. With increasing oxygen vacancies of the films, the coercive field and saturation magnetization values increased to similar to 460 Oe and similar to 27 emu/cm(3) (1.55 mu(B)/Co atom) approached that for bulk cobalt, respectively. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Chungnam Natl Univ, Sch Nano Sci & Technol, Taejon 305764, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kim, ET (reprint author), Chungnam Natl Univ, Sch Nano Sci & Technol, Taejon 305764, South Korea. EM etkim@cnu.ac.kr RI Lee, Zonghoon/G-1474-2011 OI Lee, Zonghoon/0000-0003-3246-4072 NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 5 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 10 AR 102504 DI 10.1063/1.2711184 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 144JG UT WOS:000244791700066 ER PT J AU Karlsson, KF Weman, H Leifer, K Rudra, A Kapon, E Lyo, SK AF Karlsson, K. F. Weman, H. Leifer, K. Rudra, A. Kapon, E. Lyo, S. K. TI Strongly reduced exciton transfer between parallel quantum wires SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-TRANSFER; WELLS AB Exciton transfer between two parallel GaAs V-groove quantum wires or two planar quantum wells separated by AlGaAs barriers ranging from 5.5 nm to 20 nm thickness is studied by photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy. It is found that the transfer is strongly reduced between the widely spaced quantum wires as compared with quantum wells. This observation is supported by model calculations, which yield strong dimensionality dependence of the photon-exchange transfer. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Phys Nanostruct, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Karlsson, KF (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Phys Nanostruct, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM fredrik.karlsson@epfl.ch RI Weman, Helge/A-6245-2013; Materials, Semiconductor/I-6323-2013; Karlsson, Fredrik/D-5016-2011 OI Karlsson, Fredrik/0000-0002-4547-6673 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 5 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 10 AR 101108 DI 10.1063/1.271175 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 144JG UT WOS:000244791700008 ER PT J AU Khanal, DR Buonassisi, T Marcus, MA Istratov, AA Weber, ER AF Khanal, D. R. Buonassisi, T. Marcus, M. A. Istratov, A. A. Weber, E. R. TI Physical mechanisms of in situ surface gettering of metals in ribbon silicon for solar cells SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FILM-FED GROWTH; MULTICRYSTALLINE SILICON; TECHNOLOGY; SHEETS AB The authors have employed synchrotron-based x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy and x-ray fluorescence microscopy to identify the chemical state and distribution of metals gettered to the surface of String Ribbon silicon grown with CO-ambient gas. Copper and nickel precipitates were observed in their equilibrium silicide phases, indicating a dominant relaxation gettering mechanism. In addition, microwave photoconductive decay measurements show a decrease in bulk iron concentration and a tenfold increase in minority carrier lifetime in CO-ambient grown material. Implications of the observed gettering mechanism on ribbon-type solar cells are discussed. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Khanal, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dkhanal05@alumni.lclark.edu RI Wu, Junqiao/G-7840-2011; Buonassisi, Tonio/J-2723-2012 OI Wu, Junqiao/0000-0002-1498-0148; NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 5 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 10 AR 102110 DI 10.1063/1.2711523 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 144JG UT WOS:000244791700051 ER PT J AU Li, ZR Zhang, L Resasco, DE Mun, BS Requejo, FG AF Li, Zhongrui Zhang, Liang Resasco, Daniel E. Mun, Bongjin Simon Requejo, Felix G. TI Angle-resolved X-ray absorption near edge structure study of vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; FINE-STRUCTURE; GROWTH; NEXAFS AB Vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) forest was studied by using angular-dependent C K-edge x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) with linearly polarized x-ray beam. The XANES analysis found a crust of entangled nanotubes on top of the forest formed at the first stage of the forest growth, which shapes the morphology of the entire forest and constricts the nanotubes to grow to the same length. It indicates that this type of SWNT forest has a different growth mechanism from the multiwalled carbon nanotube forest. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Sch Chem Biol & Mat Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Univ La Plata, Dept Fis, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. Natl Univ La Plata, INIFTA, IFLP, CONICET, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. RP Li, ZR (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Chem Biol & Mat Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM lizhongrui@gmail.com RI Mun, Bongjin /G-1701-2013; Requejo, Felix/O-2260-2016 OI Requejo, Felix/0000-0003-4439-864X NR 13 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 5 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 10 AR 103115 DI 10.1063/1.2709506 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 144JG UT WOS:000244791700093 ER PT J AU Tao, KX Choo, H Li, HQ Clausen, B Jin, JE Lee, YK AF Tao, Kaixiang Choo, Hahn Li, Hongqi Clausen, Bjorn Jin, Jae-Eun Lee, Young-Kook TI Transformation-induced plasticity in an ultrafine-grained steel: An in situ neutron diffraction study SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STAINLESS-STEEL; MARTENSITE TRANSFORMATION; DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; STRAIN RATE AB An ultrafine-grained steel with an average grain size of about 350 nm was developed. The tensile testing at ambient temperature shows a threefold increase in the yield strength compared to its coarse-grained counterpart. Moreover, the increase in the strength was achieved without the sacrifice of the ductility due to strain-induced martensitic transformation. The evolution of lattice strains and phase fractions of the austenite and martensite phases during the deformation was investigated using in situ neutron diffraction to provide a micromechanical understanding of the transformation-induced plasticity responsible for the combination of high strength and ductility. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Choo, H (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM hchoo@utk.edu RI Li, Hongqi/B-6993-2008; Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009; Clausen, Bjorn/B-3618-2015 OI Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907; Clausen, Bjorn/0000-0003-3906-846X NR 15 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 5 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 10 AR 101911 DI 10.1063/1.2711758 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 144JG UT WOS:000244791700034 ER PT J AU Wang, J Golfinopoulos, T Gee, RH Huang, HC AF Wang, Jian Golfinopoulos, Ted Gee, Richard H. Huang, Hanchen TI Diffusion on (110) surface of molecular crystal pentaerythritol tetranitrate SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FORCE-FIELD; DYNAMICS; COMPASS AB Using classical molecular dynamics simulations, the authors investigate the diffusion mechanisms of admolecules on the (110) surface of molecular crystal pentaerythritol tetranitrate. The results show that admolecules (1) are stable at off-lattice sites, (2) diffuse along close- packed [111] and [111] directions, and (3) detach from the surface at 350 K and above. Based on the number of diffusion jumps as a function of temperature, The authors estimate the jump frequency to be v = 1.14 X 10(12) e(-0.08eV/kT) /S. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, New York, NY 12810 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Huang, HC (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, New York, NY 12810 USA. EM hanchen@rpi.edu RI Huang, Hanchen/A-9323-2008; Wang, Jian/F-2669-2012 OI Wang, Jian/0000-0001-5130-300X NR 15 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 5 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 10 AR 101906 DI 10.1063/1.2709955 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 144JG UT WOS:000244791700029 ER PT J AU Wong-Ng, W Levin, I Otani, M Vaudin, MD Cook, LP Cline, J Feenstra, R Holesinger, T AF Wong-Ng, W. Levin, I. Otani, M. Vaudin, M. D. Cook, L. P. Cline, J. Feenstra, R. Holesinger, T. TI Phase relations in the Ba-Y-Cu-O films on SrTiO3 for the ex situ BaF2 process SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; YBCO FILMS; CONDUCTORS AB In situ x-ray diffraction was used to establish the phase relations in high-T-c superconductor Ba-Y-Cu-O films grown on SrTiO3 through the ex situ BaF2 process. These relations differ from bulk equilibrium phase assemblages in the BaO-Y2O3-CuOx system. In particular, BaY2CuO5 (the "green phase"), a common impurity phase in bulk processing, is absent in the films. Because of the absence of this green phase, the compositional stability field of Ba2YCu3O6+x expands considerably as compared to that of the bulk system, resulting in the tie lines Ba2YCu3O6+x-Y2O3 and Ba2YCu3O6+x-Y2Cu2O5. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 5 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 10 AR 102508 DI 10.1063/1.2713124 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 144JG UT WOS:000244791700070 ER PT J AU Cotton, FA Dalal, NS Huang, P Ibragimov, SA Murillo, CA Piccoli, PMB Ramsey, CM Schultz, AJ Wang, XP Zhao, QL AF Cotton, F. Albert Dalal, Naresh S. Huang, Penglin Ibragimov, Sergey A. Murillo, Carlos A. Piccoli, Paula M. B. Ramsey, Chris M. Schultz, Arthur J. Wang, Xiaoping Zhao, Qinliang TI Better understanding of the species with the shortest Re-2(6+) bonds and related Re-2(7+) species with tetraguanidinate paddlewheel structures SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION; FLIGHT NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; GUANIDINATE COMPLEXES; PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; QUADRUPLE BOND; CRYSTAL; RHENIUM; HYDROGEN; LIGANDS AB A series of compounds has been made containing quadruply bonded Re-2(hpp)(4)X-2 species (hpp = the anion of 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-2H-pyrimido[1,2a]pyrimidine), where X is CF3SO3 (1), CF3CO2 (2), and F (3). The distances of 2.1562(7), 2.1711(5), and 2.1959(4) angstrom for 1-3 show significant effects of the sigma and pi electron donating ability of the axial ligands on the metal-metal distance. With the weakly coordinating triflate ligand the Re-Re distance is the shortest for any quadruple bonded species known. In addition to examining the effects of axial ligands on the Re-2(hpp)(4)(2+) core, our study of the Re-2(hpp)(4)(3+) core is being extended beyond the preliminary results previously reported in only one compound [Re-2(hpp)(4)Cl-2]PF6 (Dalton Trans. 2003, 1218). We now report the structural characterization by both X-ray and neutron diffraction of the compound [Re-2(hpp)(4)F](TFPB)(2), 4 (TFPB = the anion tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate), and a detailed study by EPR spectroscopy of [Re-2(hpp)(4)Cl-2]PF6 at 9.5, 34.5, and 95 GHz frequencies, using dilute fluid solutions, frozen glass, and neat powder, show that the unpaired electron in the [Re-2(hpp)(4)Cl-2](+) ion is in an MO of predominant metal character with little mixing from the guanidinate ligands. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Mol Struct & Bonding Lab, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida State Univ, Ctr Magnet Resonance, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Cotton, FA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, POB 30012, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. EM cotton@tamu.edu; dalal@chemmail.chem.fsu.edu; murillo@tamu.edu RI Wang, Xiaoping/E-8050-2012 OI Wang, Xiaoping/0000-0001-7143-8112 NR 69 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAR 5 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1718 EP 1726 DI 10.1021/ic062319b PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 139GM UT WOS:000244420300033 PM 17243673 ER PT J AU Boyle, TJ Sewell, RM Ottley, LAM Pratt, HD Quintana, CJ Bunge, SD AF Boyle, Timothy J. Sewell, Robin M. Ottley, Leigh Anna M. Pratt, Harry D., III Quintana, Christopher J. Bunge, Scott D. TI Controlled synthesis of a structurally characterized family of sterically constrained heterocyclic alkoxy-modified titanium alkoxides SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-MOLECULE MAGNETS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MIXED-VALENCE; THIN-FILMS; COMPLEXES; PRECURSORS; ARYLOXIDES; CATALYST; 2-PYRIDYLMETHANOL; COORDINATION AB The reaction of [Ti(mu-ONep)(ONep)(3)](2) (ONep = OCH2C(CH3)(3)) with a series of heterocyclic methanol derivatives [tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (H-OTHF), thiophene methanol (H-OTPM), or 2-pyridylcarbinol (H-OPy)collectively termed H-OR*], led to the isolation of a novel family of OR*-substituted titanium alkoxide precursors. Independent of the initial stoichiometry for the H-OTHF reaction, a monosubstituted, dinuclear species was isolated as [(ONep)(3)Ti(mu(c)-OTHF)](2) (1). For 1, each Ti was octahedrally (Oh) bound by three terminal ONep ligands, one bidentate bridging OTHF ligand (mu(c)-OTHF), and an oxygen from the other mu(c)-OTHF ligand. For the OTPM derivatives, the product was identified as [(ONep)(3)Ti(mu-OTPM)](2) (2). For this ligand, the soft S atom does not bind to the Ti but the O atom does act as a bridge between the two trigonal bipyramidal bound Ti metal centers. The OPy system yielded (OPy)(2)Ti(OR)(2) independent of the OR and the stoichiometry used [OR = ONep (3), OCHMe2 (4), OCMe3 (5)]. For 3-5, the two OPy ligands chelate to the Oh-bound Ti metal center with two terminal OR ligands. Compounds 1-5 were fully characterized using a variety of analytical techniques. An initial investigation of the proposed chemical stability of the '(OPy)(2)Ti' moiety of 3-5 to alcoholysis exchange pathways involving (i) alkyl alcohols, (ii) aryl alcohols, (iii) substituted phenols, (iv) H-OR* derivatives, and (v) silanols proved successful through the isolation of a novel family of structurally characterized (OPy)(2)Ti(OR')(2) (7-24) compounds. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Boyle, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, 1001 Univ Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM tjboyle@Sandia.gov NR 55 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAR 5 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1825 EP 1835 DI 10.1021/ic0618798 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 139GM UT WOS:000244420300045 PM 17319735 ER PT J AU Feldman, WC Mellon, MT Gasnault, O Diez, B Elphic, RC Hagerty, JJ Lawrence, DJ Maurice, S Prettyman, TH AF Feldman, W. C. Mellon, M. T. Gasnault, O. Diez, B. Elphic, R. C. Hagerty, J. J. Lawrence, D. J. Maurice, S. Prettyman, T. H. TI Vertical distribution of hydrogen at high northern latitudes on Mars: The Mars Odyssey Neutron Spectrometer SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; SUBSURFACE ICE; NEAR-SURFACE; PATHFINDER SITE; MARTIAN SURFACE; GROUND ICE; WATER; STABILITY; MECHANISM; SOILS AB Neutron leakage currents measured using the Mars Odyssey Neutron Spectrometer are used to develop a two-layer model of the distribution of hydrogen ( here parameterized as water-equivalent hydrogen, WEH) at high northern latitudes. The WEH abundance in the upper layer, Wup, was found to range between 1% and about 5%. The maximum value of the apparent thickness, D, of this upper layer peaks at about 60 degrees latitude, giving the appearance of zonal bands of enhanced D in both hemispheres. This maximum is consistent with an expected transition from WEH contained solely in hydrous minerals at lower latitudes, to WEH contained both in the forms of water ice and water of hydration at high latitudes. A strong anti-correlation between the WEH concentration in the lower layer and apparent depth, D, at high latitudes is observed and may provide clues to the origin of these deposits. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Observ Midi Pyrenees, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse, France. RP Feldman, WC (reprint author), Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 E Ft Lowell Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM feldman@psi.edu RI Gasnault, Olivier/F-4327-2010; Mellon, Michael/C-3456-2016; OI Gasnault, Olivier/0000-0002-6979-9012; Prettyman, Thomas/0000-0003-0072-2831 NR 27 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 3 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 5 AR L05201 DI 10.1029/2006GL028936 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 143GF UT WOS:000244707400008 ER PT J AU Dantas, G Corrent, C Reichow, SL Havranek, JJ Eletr, ZM Isern, NG Kuhlman, B Varani, G Merritt, EA Baker, D AF Dantas, Gautam Corrent, Colin Reichow, Steve L. Havranek, James J. Eletr, Ziad M. Isern, Nancy G. Kuhlman, Brian Varani, Gabriele Merritt, Ethan A. Baker, David TI High-resolution structural and thermodynamic analysis of extreme stabilization of human procarboxypeptidase by computational protein design SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE computational protein design; rosetta; thermodynamic stabilization; high-resolution protein structure; procarboxypeptidase A2 ID ENERGY LANDSCAPES; ACTIVE ENZYME; PREDICTION; REDESIGN; DENSITY; SPECIFICITY; VALIDATION; SELECTION; ACCURACY AB Recent efforts to design de novo or redesign the sequence and structure of proteins using computational techniques have met with significant success. Most, if not all, of these computational methodologies attempt to model atomic-level interactions, and hence high-resolution structural characterization of the designed proteins is critical for evaluating the atomic-level accuracy of the underlying design force-fields. We previously used our computational protein design protocol RosettaDesign to completely redesign the sequence of the activation domain of human procarboxypeptidase A2. With 68% of the wild-type sequence changed, the designed protein, AYEdesign, is over 10 kcal/mol more stable than the wild-type protein. Here, we describe the high-resolution crystal structure and solution NMR structure of AYEdesign, which show that the experimentally determined backbone and side-chains conformations are effectively superimposable with the computational model at atomic resolution. To isolate the origins of the remarkable stabilization, we have designed and characterized a new series of procarboxypeptidase mutants that gain significant thermodynamic stability with a minimal number of mutations; wild-type one mutant gains more than 5 kcal/mol of stability over the wild-type protein with only four amino acid changes. We explore the relationship between force-field smoothing and conformational sampling by comparing the experimentally determined free energies of the overall design and these focused subsets of mutations to those predicted using modified force-fields, and both fixed and flexible backbone sampling protocols. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Biochem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, EMSL High Field Magnet Resonance Facil, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Baker, D (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Biochem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM dabaker@u.washington.edu RI Baker, David/K-8941-2012; OI Baker, David/0000-0001-7896-6217; Isern, Nancy/0000-0001-9571-8864; Dantas, Gautam/0000-0003-0455-8370 NR 51 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD MAR 2 PY 2007 VL 366 IS 4 BP 1209 EP 1221 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.11.080 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 142KW UT WOS:000244649500013 PM 17196978 ER PT J AU Anderson, ML Bartelt, NC Feibelman, PJ Swartzentruber, BS Kellogg, GL AF Anderson, M. L. Bartelt, N. C. Feibelman, P. J. Swartzentruber, B. S. Kellogg, G. L. TI How Pb-overlayer islands move fast enough to self-assemble on Pb-Cu surface alloys SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ULTRASOFT PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; DOMAIN PATTERNS; BROWNIAN-MOTION; DIFFUSION; TRANSITION; MONOLAYER; CLUSTERS AB Low-energy electron microscopy reveals that two-dimensional, similar to 50 000 atom, Pb-overlayer and vacancy islands both have diffusion coefficients of 25.6 +/- 0.8 nm(2)/sec at 400 degrees C on Pb-Cu surface alloys. This high mobility, key to self-assembly in this system, results from the fast transport of Pb atoms on the surface alloy and of Cu through the Pb overlayer. A high Pb vacancy concentration, predicted by ab initio calculations, facilitates the latter. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Anderson, ML (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Bartelt, Norman/G-2927-2012 NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 2 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 9 AR 096106 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.096106 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 141PV UT WOS:000244592100039 PM 17359178 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Bona, M Boutigny, D Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Prudent, X Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Grauges, E Palano, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadyk, JA Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Pegna, DL Lynch, G Mir, LM Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Tackmann, K Wenzel, WA Sanchez, PDA Barrett, M Harrison, TJ Hart, AJ Hawkes, CM Watson, AT Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schroeder, T Steinke, M Boyd, JT Burke, JP Cottingham, WN Walker, D Asgeirsson, DJ Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Khan, A Kyberd, P Saleem, M Sherwood, DJ Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Todyshev, KY Bondioli, M Bruinsma, M Chao, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Martin, EC Stoker, DP Abachi, S Buchanan, C Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Liu, F Long, O Shen, BC Zhang, L Hill, EJ Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Cunha, A Dahmes, B Hong, TM Kovalskyi, D Richman, JD Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Williams, DC Wilson, MG Winstrom, LO Chen, E Cheng, CH Dvoretskii, A Fang, F Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Mishra, K Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, PC Chen, S Ford, WT Hirschauer, JF Kreisel, A Nagel, M Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Zhang, J Chen, A Eckhart, EA Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Winklmeier, F Zeng, Q Altenburg, DD Feltresi, E Hauke, A Jasper, H Merkel, J Petzold, A Spaan, B Wacker, K Brandt, T Klose, V Lacker, HM Mader, WF Nogowski, R Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Volk, A Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Latour, E Thiebaux, C Verderi, M Clark, PJ Gradl, W Muheim, F Playfer, S Robertson, AI Xie, Y Andreotti, M Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Petrella, A Piemontese, L Prencipe, E Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Pacetti, S Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Rama, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Contri, R Lo Vetere, M Macri, MM Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Chaisanguanthum, KS Morii, M Wu, J Dubitzky, RS Marks, J Schenk, S Uwer, U Bard, DJ Dauncey, PD Flack, RL Nash, JA Nikolich, MB Vazquez, WP Behera, PK Chai, X Charles, MJ Mallik, U Meyer, NT Ziegler, V Cochran, J Crawley, HB Dong, L Eyges, V Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Rubin, AE Gritsan, AV Denig, AG Fritsch, M Schott, G Arnaud, N Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Lepeltier, V Le Diberder, F Lutz, AM Pruvot, S Rodier, S Roudeau, P Schune, MH Serrano, J Stocchi, A Wang, WF Wormser, G Lange, DJ Wright, DM Chavez, CA Forster, IJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Hutchcroft, DE Payne, DJ Schofield, KC Touramanis, C Bevan, AJ George, KA Di Lodovico, F Menges, W Sacco, R Cowan, G Flaecher, HU Hopkins, DA Jackson, PS McMahon, TR Salvatore, F Wren, AC Brown, DN Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Chia, YM Edgar, CL Lafferty, GD West, TJ Yi, JI Chen, C Hulsbergen, WD Jawahery, A Lae, CK Roberts, DA Simi, G Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Hertzbach, SS Li, X Moore, TB Salvati, E Saremi, S Cowan, R Sciolla, G Sekula, SJ Spitznagel, M Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Kim, H Mclachlin, SE Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Lombardo, V Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote, D Simard, M Taras, P Viaud, FB Nicholson, H Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Monorchio, D Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, MA Raven, G Snoek, HL Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Benelli, G Corwin, LA Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Kagan, H Kass, R Morris, JP Rahimi, AM Regensburger, JJ Ter-Antonyan, R Wong, QK Blount, NL Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Kolb, JA Lu, M Potter, CT Rahmat, R Sinev, NB Strom, D Strube, J Torrence, E Gaz, A Margoni, M Morandin, M Pompili, A Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Voci, C Ben-Haim, E Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P Del Buono, L de la Vaissiere, C Hamon, O Hartfiel, BL Leruste, P Malcles, J Ocariz, J Gladney, L Biasini, M Covarelli, R Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Cenci, R Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Mazur, MA Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rizzo, G Walsh, JJ Biesiada, J Elmer, P Lau, YP Lu, C Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Bellini, F Cavoto, G D'Orazio, A del Re, D Di Marco, E Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Jackson, PD Gioi, LL Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Polci, F Voena, C Ebert, M Schroder, H Waldi, R Adye, T Castelli, G Franek, B Olaiya, EO Ricciardi, S Roethel, W Wilson, FF Aleksan, R Emery, S Escailier, M Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Legendre, M Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Chen, XR Liu, H Park, W Purohit, MV Wilson, JR Allen, MT Aston, D Bartoldus, R Bechtle, P Berger, N Claus, R Coleman, JP Convery, MR Dingfelder, JC Dorfan, J Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Graham, MT Grenier, P Halyo, V Hast, C Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Leith, DWGS Li, S Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL MacFarlane, DB Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Pulliam, T Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Snyder, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Suzuki, K Swain, SK Thompson, JM Va'vra, J van Bakel, N Wagner, AP Weaver, M Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Wulsin, HW Yarritu, AK Yi, K Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Majewski, SA Petersen, BA Wilden, L Ahmed, S Alam, MS Bula, R Ernst, JA Jain, V Pan, B Saeed, MA Wappler, FR Zain, SB Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Ritchie, JL Schilling, CJ Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Gallo, F Gamba, D Pelliccioni, M Bomben, M Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Della Ricca, G Lanceri, L Vitale, L Azzolini, V Lopez-March, N Martinez-Vidal, F Oyanguren, A Albert, J Banerjee, S Bhuyan, B Hamano, K Kowalewski, R Nugent, IM Roney, JM Sobie, RJ Back, JJ Harrison, PF Latham, TE Mohanty, GB Pappagallo, M Band, HR Chen, X Dasu, S Flood, KT Hollar, JJ Kutter, PE Mellado, B Pan, Y Pierini, M Prepost, R Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H AF Aubert, B. Bona, M. Boutigny, D. Karyotakis, Y. Lees, J. P. Poireau, V. Prudent, X. Tisserand, V. Zghiche, A. Grauges, E. Palano, A. Chen, J. C. Qi, N. D. Rong, G. Wang, P. Zhu, Y. S. Eigen, G. Ofte, I. Stugu, B. Abrams, G. S. Battaglia, M. Brown, D. N. Button-Shafer, J. Cahn, R. N. Groysman, Y. Jacobsen, R. G. Kadyk, J. A. Kerth, L. T. Kolomensky, Yu. G. Kukartsev, G. Pegna, D. Lopes Lynch, G. Mir, L. M. Orimoto, T. J. Pripstein, M. Roe, N. A. Ronan, M. T. Tackmann, K. Wenzel, W. A. Sanchez, P. del Amo Barrett, M. Harrison, T. J. Hart, A. J. Hawkes, C. M. Watson, A. T. Held, T. Koch, H. Lewandowski, B. Pelizaeus, M. Peters, K. Schroeder, T. Steinke, M. Boyd, J. T. Burke, J. P. Cottingham, W. N. Walker, D. Asgeirsson, D. J. Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T. Fulsom, B. G. Hearty, C. Knecht, N. S. Mattison, T. S. McKenna, J. A. Khan, A. Kyberd, P. Saleem, M. Sherwood, D. J. Teodorescu, L. Blinov, V. E. Bukin, A. D. Druzhinin, V. P. Golubev, V. B. Onuchin, A. P. Serednyakov, S. I. Skovpen, Yu. I. Solodov, E. P. Todyshev, K. Yu Bondioli, M. Bruinsma, M. Chao, M. Curry, S. Eschrich, I. Kirkby, D. Lankford, A. J. Lund, P. Martin, E. C. Stoker, D. P. Abachi, S. Buchanan, C. Foulkes, S. D. Gary, J. W. Liu, F. Long, O. Shen, B. C. Zhang, L. Hill, E. J. Paar, H. P. Rahatlou, S. Sharma, V. Berryhill, J. W. Campagnari, C. Cunha, A. Dahmes, B. Hong, T. M. Kovalskyi, D. Richman, J. D. Beck, T. W. Eisner, A. M. Flacco, C. J. Heusch, C. A. Kroseberg, J. Lockman, W. S. Schalk, T. Schumm, B. A. Seiden, A. Williams, D. C. Wilson, M. G. Winstrom, L. O. Chen, E. Cheng, C. H. Dvoretskii, A. Fang, F. Hitlin, D. G. Narsky, I. Piatenko, T. Porter, F. C. Mancinelli, G. Meadows, B. T. Mishra, K. Sokoloff, M. D. Blanc, F. Bloom, P. C. Chen, S. Ford, W. T. Hirschauer, J. F. Kreisel, A. Nagel, M. Nauenberg, U. Olivas, A. Smith, J. G. Ulmer, K. A. Wagner, S. R. Zhang, J. Chen, A. Eckhart, E. A. Soffer, A. Toki, W. H. Wilson, R. J. Winklmeier, F. Zeng, Q. Altenburg, D. D. Feltresi, E. Hauke, A. Jasper, H. Merkel, J. Petzold, A. Spaan, B. Wacker, K. Brandt, T. Klose, V. Lacker, H. M. Mader, W. F. Nogowski, R. Schubert, J. Schubert, K. R. Schwierz, R. Sundermann, J. E. Volk, A. Bernard, D. Bonneaud, G. R. Latour, E. Thiebaux, Ch. Verderi, M. Clark, P. J. Gradl, W. Muheim, F. Playfer, S. Robertson, A. I. Xie, Y. Andreotti, M. Bettoni, D. Bozzi, C. Calabrese, R. Cibinetto, G. Luppi, E. Negrini, M. Petrella, A. Piemontese, L. Prencipe, E. Anulli, F. Baldini-Ferroli, R. Calcaterra, A. de Sangro, R. Finocchiaro, G. Pacetti, S. Patteri, P. Peruzzi, I. M. Piccolo, M. Rama, M. Zallo, A. Buzzo, A. Contri, R. Lo Vetere, M. Macri, M. M. Monge, M. R. Passaggio, S. Patrignani, C. Robutti, E. Santroni, A. Tosi, S. Chaisanguanthum, K. S. Morii, M. Wu, J. Dubitzky, R. S. Marks, J. Schenk, S. Uwer, U. Bard, D. J. Dauncey, P. D. Flack, R. L. Nash, J. A. Nikolich, M. B. Vazquez, W. Panduro Behera, P. K. Chai, X. Charles, M. J. Mallik, U. Meyer, N. T. Ziegler, V. Cochran, J. Crawley, H. B. Dong, L. Eyges, V. Meyer, W. T. Prell, S. Rosenberg, E. I. Rubin, A. E. Gritsan, A. V. Denig, A. G. Fritsch, M. Schott, G. Arnaud, N. Davier, M. Grosdidier, G. Hocker, A. Lepeltier, V. Le Diberder, F. Lutz, A. M. Pruvot, S. Rodier, S. Roudeau, P. Schune, M. H. Serrano, J. Stocchi, A. Wang, W. F. Wormser, G. Lange, D. J. Wright, D. M. Chavez, C. A. Forster, I. J. Fry, J. R. Gabathuler, E. Gamet, R. Hutchcroft, D. E. Payne, D. J. Schofield, K. C. Touramanis, C. Bevan, A. J. George, K. A. Di Lodovico, F. Menges, W. Sacco, R. Cowan, G. Flaecher, H. U. Hopkins, D. A. Jackson, P. S. McMahon, T. R. Salvatore, F. Wren, A. C. Brown, D. N. Davis, C. L. Allison, J. Barlow, N. R. Barlow, R. J. Chia, Y. M. Edgar, C. L. Lafferty, G. D. West, T. J. Yi, J. I. Chen, C. Hulsbergen, W. D. Jawahery, A. Lae, C. K. Roberts, D. A. Simi, G. Blaylock, G. Dallapiccola, C. Hertzbach, S. S. Li, X. Moore, T. B. Salvati, E. Saremi, S. Cowan, R. Sciolla, G. Sekula, S. J. Spitznagel, M. Taylor, F. Yamamoto, R. K. Kim, H. Mclachlin, S. E. Patel, P. M. Robertson, S. H. Lazzaro, A. Lombardo, V. Palombo, F. Bauer, J. M. Cremaldi, L. Eschenburg, V. Godang, R. Kroeger, R. Sanders, D. A. Summers, D. J. Zhao, H. W. Brunet, S. Cote, D. Simard, M. Taras, P. Viaud, F. B. Nicholson, H. Cavallo, N. De Nardo, G. Fabozzi, F. Gatto, C. Lista, L. Monorchio, D. Paolucci, P. Piccolo, D. Sciacca, C. Baak, M. A. Raven, G. Snoek, H. L. Jessop, C. P. LoSecco, J. M. Benelli, G. Corwin, L. A. Gan, K. K. Honscheid, K. Hufnagel, D. Kagan, H. Kass, R. Morris, J. P. Rahimi, A. M. Regensburger, J. J. Ter-Antonyan, R. Wong, Q. K. Blount, N. L. Brau, J. Frey, R. Igonkina, O. Kolb, J. A. Lu, M. Potter, C. T. Rahmat, R. Sinev, N. B. Strom, D. Strube, J. Torrence, E. Gaz, A. Margoni, M. Morandin, M. Pompili, A. Posocco, M. Rotondo, M. Simonetto, F. Stroili, R. Voci, C. Ben-Haim, E. Briand, H. Chauveau, J. David, P. Del Buono, L. de la Vaissiere, Ch. Hamon, O. Hartfiel, B. L. Leruste, Ph. Malcles, J. Ocariz, J. Gladney, L. Biasini, M. Covarelli, R. Angelini, C. Batignani, G. Bettarini, S. Calderini, G. Carpinelli, M. Cenci, R. Forti, F. Giorgi, M. A. Lusiani, A. Marchiori, G. Mazur, M. A. Morganti, M. Neri, N. Paoloni, E. Rizzo, G. Walsh, J. J. Biesiada, J. Elmer, P. Lau, Y. P. Lu, C. Olsen, J. Smith, A. J. S. Telnov, A. V. Bellini, F. Cavoto, G. D'Orazio, A. del Re, D. Di Marco, E. Faccini, R. Ferrarotto, F. Ferroni, F. Gaspero, M. Jackson, P. D. Gioi, L. Li Mazzoni, M. A. Morganti, S. Piredda, G. Polci, F. Voena, C. Ebert, M. Schroeder, H. Waldi, R. Adye, T. Castelli, G. Franek, B. Olaiya, E. O. Ricciardi, S. Roethel, W. Wilson, F. F. Aleksan, R. Emery, S. Escailier, M. Gaidot, A. Ganzhur, S. F. de Monchenault, G. Hamel Kozanecki, W. Legendre, M. Vasseur, G. Yeche, Ch. Zito, M. Chen, X. R. Liu, H. Park, W. Purohit, M. V. Wilson, J. R. Allen, M. T. Aston, D. Bartoldus, R. Bechtle, P. Berger, N. Claus, R. Coleman, J. P. Convery, M. R. Dingfelder, J. C. Dorfan, J. Dubois-Felsmann, G. P. Dujmic, D. Dunwoodie, W. Field, R. C. Glanzman, T. Gowdy, S. J. Graham, M. T. Grenier, P. Halyo, V. Hast, C. Hryn'ova, T. Innes, W. R. Kelsey, M. H. Kim, P. Leith, D. W. G. S. Li, S. Luitz, S. Luth, V. Lynch, H. L. MacFarlane, D. B. Marsiske, H. Messner, R. Muller, D. R. O'Grady, C. P. Ozcan, V. E. Perazzo, A. Perl, M. Pulliam, T. Ratcliff, B. N. Roodman, A. Salnikov, A. A. Schindler, R. H. Schwiening, J. Snyder, A. Stelzer, J. Su, D. Sullivan, M. K. Suzuki, K. Swain, S. K. Thompson, J. M. Va'vra, J. van Bakel, N. Wagner, A. P. Weaver, M. Wisniewski, W. J. Wittgen, M. Wright, D. H. Wulsin, H. W. Yarritu, A. K. Yi, K. Young, C. C. Burchat, P. R. Edwards, A. J. Majewski, S. A. Petersen, B. A. Wilden, L. Ahmed, S. Alam, M. S. Bula, R. Ernst, J. A. Jain, V. Pan, B. Saeed, M. A. Wappler, F. R. Zain, S. B. Bugg, W. Krishnamurthy, M. Spanier, S. M. Eckmann, R. Ritchie, J. L. Schilling, C. J. Schwitters, R. F. Izen, J. M. Lou, X. C. Ye, S. Bianchi, F. Gallo, F. Gamba, D. Pelliccioni, M. Bomben, M. Bosisio, L. Cartaro, C. Cossutti, F. Della Ricca, G. Lanceri, L. Vitale, L. Azzolini, V. Lopez-March, N. Martinez-Vidal, F. Oyanguren, A. Albert, J. Banerjee, Sw. Bhuyan, B. Hamano, K. Kowalewski, R. Nugent, I. M. Roney, J. M. Sobie, R. J. Back, J. J. Harrison, P. F. Latham, T. E. Mohanty, G. B. Pappagallo, M. Band, H. R. Chen, X. Dasu, S. Flood, K. T. Hollar, J. J. Kutter, P. E. Mellado, B. Pan, Y. Pierini, M. Prepost, R. Wu, S. L. Yu, Z. Neal, H. TI Measurement of the B-0 ->pi(-)l(+)nu form-factor shape and branching fraction, and determination of |V-ub| with a loose neutrino reconstruction technique SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO; DECAYS AB We report the results of a study of the exclusive charmless semileptonic decay, B-0 ->pi(-)center dot(+)nu, undertaken with approximately 227x10(6) BB pairs collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the BABAR detector. The analysis uses events in which the signal B decays are reconstructed with an innovative loose neutrino reconstruction technique. We obtain partial branching fractions in 12 bins of q(2), the momentum transfer squared, from which we extract the f(+)(q(2)) form-factor shape and the total branching fraction B(B-0 ->pi(-)l(+)nu)=(1.46 +/- 0.07(stat)+/- 0.08(syst))x10(-4). Based on a recent unquenched lattice QCD calculation of the form factor in the range q(2)> 16 GeV2, we find the magnitude of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element vertical bar V-ub vertical bar to be (4.1 +/- 0.2(stat)+/- 0.2(syst)+0.6-0.4(FF))x10(-3), where the last uncertainty is due to the normalization of the form factor. C1 CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Savoie, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Univ Paris Sud 11, Ctr Sci Orsay, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Queen Mary Univ London, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, IN2P3, CNRS,Univ Paris 06, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Valencia, IFIC, CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012 OI Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; NR 24 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 2 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 9 AR 091801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.091801 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 141PV UT WOS:000244592100009 ER PT J AU Guest, JR Scielzo, ND Ahmad, I Bailey, K Greene, JP Holt, RJ Lu, ZT O'Connor, TP Potterveld, DH AF Guest, J. R. Scielzo, N. D. Ahmad, I. Bailey, K. Greene, J. P. Holt, R. J. Lu, Z. -T. O'Connor, T. P. Potterveld, D. H. TI Laser trapping of Ra-225 and Ra-226 with repumping by room-temperature blackbody radiation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ODD ELECTROMAGNETIC MOMENTS; ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENT; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; RADIUM; SPECTRUM; NUCLEI; BARIUM AB We have demonstrated Zeeman slowing and capture of neutral Ra-225 and Ra-226 atoms in a magneto-optical trap. The intercombination transition S-1(0)-> P-3(1) is the only quasicycling transition in radium and was used for laser-cooling and trapping. Repumping along the D-3(1)-> P-1(1) transition extended the lifetime of the trap from milliseconds to seconds. Room-temperature blackbody radiation was demonstrated to provide repumping from the metastable P-3(0) level. We measured the isotope shift and hyperfine splittings on the D-3(1)-> P-1(1) transition with the laser-cooled atoms, and set a limit on the lifetime of the D-3(1) level based on the measured blackbody repumping rate. Laser-cooled and trapped radium is an attractive system for studying fundamental symmetries. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Guest, JR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Holt, Roy/E-5803-2011; Guest, Jeffrey/B-2715-2009 OI Guest, Jeffrey/0000-0002-9756-8801 NR 31 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 2 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 9 AR 093001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.093001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 141PV UT WOS:000244592100014 PM 17359153 ER PT J AU Matveev, KA Furusaki, A Glazman, LI AF Matveev, K. A. Furusaki, A. Glazman, L. I. TI Asymmetric zero-bias anomaly for strongly interacting electrons in one dimension SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HUBBARD-MODEL; MOMENTUM DISTRIBUTION; LUTTINGER-LIQUID; GAS AB We study a system of one-dimensional electrons in the regime of strong repulsive interactions, where the spin exchange coupling J is small compared with the Fermi energy, and the conventional Tomonaga-Luttinger theory does not apply. We show that the tunneling density of states has a form of an asymmetric peak centered near the Fermi level. In the spin-incoherent regime, where the temperature is large compared to J, the density of states falls off as a power law of energy epsilon measured from the Fermi level, with the prefactor at positive energies being twice as large as that at the negative ones. In contrast, at temperatures below J the density of states forms a split peak with most of the weight shifted to negative epsilon. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RIKEN, Condensed Matter Theory Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Univ Minnesota, Inst Theoret Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Matveev, KA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Furusaki, Akira/B-3204-2008 OI Furusaki, Akira/0000-0001-8394-0003 NR 24 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 2 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 9 AR 096403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.096403 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 141PV UT WOS:000244592100043 PM 17359182 ER PT J AU Pakhlova, G Abe, K Adachi, I Aihara, H Anipko, D Aulchenko, V Aushev, T Bakich, AM Balagura, V Barberio, E Bay, A Bedny, I Belous, K Bitenc, U Bizjak, I Blyth, S Bondar, A Bozek, A Bracko, M Browder, TE Chang, MC Chao, Y Chen, A Chen, KF Chen, WT Cheon, BG Chistov, R Choi, SK Choi, Y Choi, YK Cole, S Dalseno, J Danilov, M Drutskoy, A Eidelman, S Fratina, S Gabyshev, N Gershon, T Gokhroo, G Golob, B Ha, H Haba, J Hayasaka, K Hayashii, H Hazumi, M Heffernan, D Hokuue, T Hoshi, Y Hou, S Hou, WS Iijima, T Ikado, K Imoto, A Inami, K Ishikawa, A Itoh, R Iwasaki, M Iwasaki, Y Kaji, H Kang, JH Kapusta, P Katayama, N Kawasaki, T Khan, HR Kichimi, H Kim, YJ Kinoshita, K Krizan, P Krokovny, P Kulasiri, R Kumar, R Kuo, CC Kuzmin, A Kwon, YJ Lee, J Lee, MJ Lee, SE Lesiak, T Lin, SW Liventsev, D Majumder, G Mandl, F Matsumoto, T Matyja, A McOnie, S Medvedeva, T Mitaroff, W Miyake, H Miyata, H Miyazaki, Y Mizuk, R Nakano, E Nakao, M Nakazawa, H Natkaniec, Z Nishida, S Nitoh, O Ogawa, S Ohshima, T Okuno, S Olsen, SL Onuki, Y Ozaki, H Pakhlov, P Park, H Park, KS Pestotnik, R Piilonen, LE Poluektov, A Sakai, Y Satoyama, N Schneider, O Schumann, J Schwartz, AJ Seidl, R Senyo, K Sevior, ME Shapkin, M Shibuya, H Shwartz, B Singh, JB Somov, A Soni, N Stanic, S Staric, M Stoeck, H Suzuki, SY Takasaki, F Tamai, K Tanaka, M Taylor, GN Teramoto, Y Tian, XC Tikhomirov, I Tsuboyama, T Tsukamoto, T Uehara, S Uglov, T Ueno, K Uno, S Urquijo, P Usov, Y Varner, G Villa, S Wang, CH Watanabe, Y Won, E Xie, QL Yabsley, BD Yamaguchi, A Yamashita, Y Zhang, CC Zhang, ZP Zhilich, V Zupanc, A AF Pakhlova, G. Abe, K. Adachi, I. Aihara, H. Anipko, D. Aulchenko, V. Aushev, T. Bakich, A. M. Balagura, V. Barberio, E. Bay, A. Bedny, I. Belous, K. Bitenc, U. Bizjak, I. Blyth, S. Bondar, A. Bozek, A. Bracko, M. Browder, T. E. Chang, M. -C. Chao, Y. Chen, A. Chen, K. -F. Chen, W. T. Cheon, B. G. Chistov, R. Choi, S. -K. Choi, Y. Choi, Y. K. Cole, S. Dalseno, J. Danilov, M. Drutskoy, A. Eidelman, S. Fratina, S. Gabyshev, N. Gershon, T. Gokhroo, G. Golob, B. Ha, H. Haba, J. Hayasaka, K. Hayashii, H. Hazumi, M. Heffernan, D. Hokuue, T. Hoshi, Y. Hou, S. Hou, W. -S. Iijima, T. Ikado, K. Imoto, A. Inami, K. Ishikawa, A. Itoh, R. Iwasaki, M. Iwasaki, Y. Kaji, H. Kang, J. H. Kapusta, P. Katayama, N. Kawasaki, T. Khan, H. R. Kichimi, H. Kim, Y. J. Kinoshita, K. Krizan, P. Krokovny, P. Kulasiri, R. Kumar, R. Kuo, C. C. Kuzmin, A. Kwon, Y. -J. Lee, J. Lee, M. J. Lee, S. E. Lesiak, T. Lin, S. -W. Liventsev, D. Majumder, G. Mandl, F. Matsumoto, T. Matyja, A. McOnie, S. Medvedeva, T. Mitaroff, W. Miyake, H. Miyata, H. Miyazaki, Y. Mizuk, R. Nakano, E. Nakao, M. Nakazawa, H. Natkaniec, Z. Nishida, S. Nitoh, O. Ogawa, S. Ohshima, T. Okuno, S. Olsen, S. L. Onuki, Y. Ozaki, H. Pakhlov, P. Park, H. Park, K. S. Pestotnik, R. Piilonen, L. E. Poluektov, A. Sakai, Y. Satoyama, N. Schneider, O. Schumann, J. Schwartz, A. J. Seidl, R. Senyo, K. Sevior, M. E. Shapkin, M. Shibuya, H. Shwartz, B. Singh, J. B. Somov, A. Soni, N. S., Stanic M., Staric Stoeck, H. Suzuki, S. Y. Takasaki, F. Tamai, K. Tanaka, M. Taylor, G. N. Teramoto, Y. Tian, X. C. Tikhomirov, I. Tsuboyama, T. Tsukamoto, T. Uehara, S. Uglov, T. Ueno, K. Uno, S. Urquijo, P. Usov, Y. Varner, G. Villa, S. Wang, C. H. Watanabe, Y. Won, E. Xie, Q. L. Yabsley, B. D. Yamaguchi, A. Yamashita, Y. Zhang, C. C. Zhang, Z. P. Zhilich, V. Zupanc, A. CA Belle Collaboration TI Measurement of the near-threshold e(+)e(-)-> D-(*D-)+/-(()*()-/+) cross section using initial-state radiation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We report a measurement of the exclusive e(+)e(-)->(DD*-/+)-D-(*)+/- cross section as a function of center-of-mass energy near the (DD*-/+)-D-(*)+/- threshold with initial-state radiation. A partial reconstruction technique is used to increase the efficiency and to suppress background. The analysis is based on a data sample collected with the Belle detector with an integrated luminosity of 547.8 fb(-1). C1 Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Fu Jen Catholic Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei, Taiwan. Grad Univ Adv Studies, Hayama, Japan. Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Chinju, South Korea. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. Inst High Energy Phys, Vienna, Austria. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. J Stefan Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Kanagawa Univ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Lausanne, Switzerland. Univ Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Univ Maribor, SLO-2000 Maribor, Slovenia. Univ Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. Nara Womens Univ, Nara 630, Japan. Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. Natl United Univ, Miaoli, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei, Taiwan. H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Nippon Dent Univ, Niigata, Japan. Niigata Univ, Niigata, Japan. Univ Nova Gorica, SI-5000 Nova Gorcia, Slovenia. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 558, Japan. Osaka Univ, Osaka, Japan. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RIKEN, BNL, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. Shinshu Univ, Nagano, Japan. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon, South Korea. Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Toho Univ, Funabashi, Chiba 274, Japan. Tohoku Gakuin Univ, Tagajo, Miyagi, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 152, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Tokyo 158, Japan. Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol, Tokyo, Japan. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Yonsei Univ, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Pakhlova, G (reprint author), Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. RI Abe, Kazuo/F-6576-2010; Aihara, Hiroaki/F-3854-2010; Nitoh, Osamu/C-3522-2013; Pakhlov, Pavel/K-2158-2013; Mizuk, Roman/B-3751-2014; Krokovny, Pavel/G-4421-2016; Chistov, Ruslan/B-4893-2014; Drutskoy, Alexey/C-8833-2016; Pakhlova, Galina/C-5378-2014; Uglov, Timofey/B-2406-2014; Danilov, Mikhail/C-5380-2014 OI HSIUNG, YEE/0000-0003-4801-1238; CHANG, PAO-TI/0000-0003-4064-388X; Aihara, Hiroaki/0000-0002-1907-5964; Pakhlov, Pavel/0000-0001-7426-4824; Krokovny, Pavel/0000-0002-1236-4667; Chistov, Ruslan/0000-0003-1439-8390; Drutskoy, Alexey/0000-0003-4524-0422; Pakhlova, Galina/0000-0001-7518-3022; Uglov, Timofey/0000-0002-4944-1830; Danilov, Mikhail/0000-0001-9227-5164 NR 17 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 2 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 9 AR 092001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.092001 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 141PV UT WOS:000244592100010 PM 17359149 ER PT J AU Serrano, J Bosak, A Arenal, R Krisch, M Watanabe, K Taniguchi, T Kanda, H Rubio, A Wirtz, L AF Serrano, J. Bosak, A. Arenal, R. Krisch, M. Watanabe, K. Taniguchi, T. Kanda, H. Rubio, A. Wirtz, L. TI Vibrational properties of hexagonal boron nitride: Inelastic X-ray scattering and ab initio calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; RAMAN-SCATTERING; FORCE-CONSTANTS; NANOTUBES; MONOLAYER; NI(111); CRYSTAL AB The phonon dispersion relations of bulk hexagonal boron nitride have been determined from inelastic x-ray scattering measurements and analyzed by ab initio calculations. Experimental data and calculations show an outstanding agreement and reconcile the controversies raised by recent experimental data obtained by electron-energy loss spectroscopy and second-order Raman scattering. C1 European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. Univ Basque Country, Fac Ciencias Quim, Dept Fis Mat, Ctr Mixto,EHU,UPV,CSIC, E-20018 San Sebastian, Spain. Donostia Int Phys Ctr, E-20018 San Sebastian, Spain. European Theoret Spectroscopy Facil, E-20018 San Sebastian, Spain. CNRS, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59652 Villeneuve Dascq, France. RP Serrano, J (reprint author), European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, Boite Postale 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France. EM jserrano@esrf.fr RI CSIC-UPV/EHU, CFM/F-4867-2012; BOSAK, Alexei/J-7895-2013; DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR., DIPC/C-3171-2014; Rubio, Angel/A-5507-2008; Arenal, Raul/D-2065-2009; TANIGUCHI, Takashi/H-2718-2011; WATANABE, Kenji/H-2825-2011 OI Rubio, Angel/0000-0003-2060-3151; Arenal, Raul/0000-0002-2071-9093; WATANABE, Kenji/0000-0003-3701-8119 NR 31 TC 89 Z9 91 U1 6 U2 31 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 2 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 9 AR 095503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.095503 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 141PV UT WOS:000244592100029 PM 17359168 ER PT J AU Shan, ZW Wiezorek, JMK Stach, EA Follstaedt, DM Knapp, JA Mao, SX AF Shan, Z. W. Wiezorek, J. M. K. Stach, E. A. Follstaedt, D. M. Knapp, J. A. Mao, S. X. TI Dislocation dynamics in nanocrystalline nickel SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEFORMATION MECHANISMS; IN-SITU; AL; METALS; FILMS; TWINS AB It is believed that the dynamics of dislocation processes during the deformation of nanocrystalline materials can only be visualized by computational simulations. Here we demonstrate that observations of dislocation processes during the deformation of nanocrystalline Ni with grain sizes as small as 10 nm can be achieved by using a combination of in situ tensile straining and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Trapped unit lattice dislocations are observed in strained grains as small as 5 nm, but subsequent relaxation leads to dislocation recombination. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Phys & Chem Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mao, SX (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM smao@engr.pitt.edu RI Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011; Shan, Zhiwei/B-8799-2014 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153; NR 16 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 2 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 9 AR 095502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.095502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 141PV UT WOS:000244592100028 PM 17359167 ER PT J AU Pourabbas, E Shoshani, A AF Pourabbas, Elaheh Shoshani, Arie TI Efficient estimation of joint queries from multiple OLAP databases SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON DATABASE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE management; performance; OLAP; query estimation; multiple summary databases ID SMALL-AREA ESTIMATION AB Given an OLAP query expressed over multiple source OLAP databases, we study the problem of estimating the resulting OLAP target database. The problem arises when it is not possible to derive the result from a single database. The method we use is linear indirect estimation, commonly used for statistical estimation. We examine two obvious computational methods for computing such a target database, called the full cross-product (F) and preaggregation (P) methods. We study the accuracy and computational cost of these methods. While the F method provides a more accurate estimate, it is more expensive computationally than P. Our contribution is in proposing a third, new method, called the partial preaggregation method (PP), which is significantly less expensive than F, but just as accurate. We prove formally that the PP method yields the same results as the F method, and provide analytical and experimental results on the accuracy and computational benefits of the PP method. C1 CNR, Inst Syst Anal & Comp Sci Antonio Ruberti, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pourabbas, E (reprint author), CNR, Inst Syst Anal & Comp Sci Antonio Ruberti, Viale Manzoni 30, I-00185 Rome, Italy. EM pourabbas@iasi.cnr.it; shoshani@lbl.gov NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0362-5915 EI 1557-4644 J9 ACM T DATABASE SYST JI ACM Trans. Database Syst. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 AR 2 DI 10.1145/1206049.1206051 PG 43 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 158MQ UT WOS:000245796000002 ER PT J AU Marathe, J Mueller, F Mohan, T Mckee, SA De Supinski, BR Yoo, A AF Marathe, Jaydeep Mueller, Frank Mohan, Tushar McKee, Sally A. De Supinski, Bronis R. Yoo, Andy TI METRIC: Memory tracing via dynamic binary rewriting to identify cache inefficiencies SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE algorithms; languages; performance; dynamic binary rewriting; program instrumentation; data trace generation; data trace compression; cache analysis ID TRANSLATION; BEHAVIOR AB With the diverging improvements in CPU speeds and memory access latencies, detecting and removing memory access bottlenecks becomes increasingly important. In this work we present METRIC, a software framework for isolating and understanding such bottlenecks using partial access traces. METRIC extracts access traces from executing programs without special compiler or linker support. We make four primary contributions. First, we present a framework for extracting partial access traces based on dynamic binary rewriting of the executing application. Second, we introduce a novel algorithm for compressing these traces. The algorithm generates constant space representations for regular accesses occurring in nested loop structures. Third, we use these traces for offline incremental memory hierarchy simulation. We extract symbolic information from the application executable and use this to generate detailed source-code correlated statistics including per-reference metrics, cache evictor information, and stream metrics. Finally, we demonstrate how this information can be used to isolate and understand memory access inefficiencies. This illustrates a potential advantage of METRIC over compile-time analysis for sample codes, particularly when interprocedural analysis is required. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Indian Inst Technol, IBM India Res Lab, New Delhi 110016, India. Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Mueller, F (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM mueller@cs.ncsu.edu NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0164-0925 EI 1558-4593 J9 ACM T PROGR LANG SYS JI ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 29 IS 2 AR 12 DI 10.1145/1216374.1216380 PG 36 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 161KL UT WOS:000246013700006 ER PT J AU Dauter, Z Baker, T AF Dauter, Zbigniew Baker, Ted TI Numerology SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NCI, MCL, Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand. RP Dauter, Z (reprint author), NCI, MCL, Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Bldg 202,Room Q142, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 63 BP 275 EP 275 DI 10.1107/S0907444907005185 PN 3 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 139QW UT WOS:000244448400001 PM 17327662 ER PT J AU Liang, G Benson, RE Li, JY Vaknin, D Daniels, LM AF Liang, Gan Benson, Ronald E. Li, Jiying Vaknin, David Daniels, Lee M. TI LiNi0.66Fe0.34PO4 SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES AB Lithium nickel(II) iron(II) phosphate, LiNi0.66Fe0.34PO4, was crystallized from an LiCl melt. The structure is closely related to the known phase LiFePO4 but with mixed occupancy at the metal atom site of approximately 66% nickel and 34% iron. The Ni/Fe atom is octahedrally coordinated by six O atoms. The P atoms are tetrahedrally coordinated by four O atoms. C1 Rigaku Amer Corp, The Woodlands, TX 77381 USA. Sam Houston State Univ, Dept Phys, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Benson, RE (reprint author), Rigaku Amer Corp, 9009 New Trails Dr, The Woodlands, TX 77381 USA. EM ron.benson@rigaku.com RI Vaknin, David/B-3302-2009 OI Vaknin, David/0000-0002-0899-9248 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD MAR PY 2007 VL 63 BP i73 EP i74 DI 10.1107/S1600536807007507 PN 3 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 153KY UT WOS:000245434500004 ER PT J AU Jiang, C Gleeson, B AF Jiang, C. Gleeson, B. TI Surface segregation of Pt in gamma '-Ni3Al: A first-principles study SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE surface segregation; platinum; nickel alummides; point defects; first-principle electron theory ID ENERGY ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; MULTILAYER RELAXATION; SANDWICH SEGREGATION; ALLOY SURFACES; NI; REVERSAL; NI3AL; AL AB We performed first-principles stab calculations based on the density functional theory to investigate the surface segregation behavior of Pt on the clean (100), (110) and (111) surfaces of gamma'-Ni3Al. The results clearly indicate that Pt has a strong tendency to surface segregate in all three low-index surface orientations. Such a conclusion is in complete agreement with a recent experimental finding that Pt segregates to the clean Ni3Al(111) surface. The tendency of Pt to surface segregate also helps to explain why Pt addition is beneficial to the oxidation resistance of Ni3Al. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US DOE, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jiang, C (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM chao@lanl.gov RI Jiang, Chao/A-2546-2011 NR 50 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1641 EP 1647 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.10.024 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 149HN UT WOS:000245138000015 ER PT J AU Acosta, D Bartalini, P Cavanaugh, R Drozdetskiy, A Korytov, A Mitselmakher, G Pakhotin, Y Scurlock, B Sherstnev, A AF Acosta, D. Bartalini, P. Cavanaugh, R. Drozdetskiy, A. Korytov, A. Mitselmakher, G. Pakhotin, Yu. Scurlock, B. Sherstnev, A. TI Search strategy for the standard model Higgs boson in the H -> ZZ(*)-> 4 mu decay channel using M(4 mu)-dependent cuts SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Physics at LHC Conference CY JUL 03-08, 2006 CL Cracow, POLAND SP Inst Nucl Phys Polish Acad Sci, AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Polish Acad Arts Sci, Univ Florida, CERN, DAPHNIA CEA, Polish Minist Educ & Sci, Charles Univ, Czech Tech Univ AB We present a strategy for a Higgs-boson search in its four-muon decay channel H -> ZZ((*)) -> 4 mu. Cuts used in this analysis are smooth functions of a 4-muon invariant mass and a priori optimized so as to maximize statistical chances of the Higgs boson observability independently of a mass at which it might appear. The Higgs boson then manifests itself as a 4 mu resonance-like peak over the continuum M(4 mu) distribution and can be searched for using various statistical techniques. The most important theoretical and instrumental systematic errors as well as the fact that the search is conducted in a broad range of M (4 mu) invariant masses (115-600 GeV/c(2)) are taken into account. C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Chicago, IL USA. Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. RP Drozdetskiy, A (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM Alexey.Drozdetskiy@cern.ch NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD MAR PY 2007 VL 38 IS 3 BP 731 EP 738 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 156TN UT WOS:000245672900005 ER PT J AU D'Alessandro, R Adriani, O Bonechi, L Bongi, M Papini, P Castellini, G Faus, A Velasco, J Haguenauer, M Itow, Y Mase, T Masuda, K Matsubara, Y Matsumoto, H Menjo, H Muraki, Y Sako, T Watanabe, Y Kasahara, K Tamura, T Yoshida, K Torii, S Tricomi, A Turner, WC AF D'Alessandro, Raffaello Adriani, O. Bonechi, L. Bongi, M. Papini, P. Castellini, G. Faus, A. Velasco, J. Haguenauer, M. Itow, Y. Mase, T. Masuda, K. Matsubara, Y. Matsumoto, H. Menjo, H. Muraki, Y. Sako, T. Watanabe, Y. Kasahara, K. Tamura, T. Yoshida, K. Torii, S. Tricomi, A. Turner, W. C. TI LHCf: A LHC detector for astroparticle physics SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Physics at LHC Conference CY JUL 03-08, 2006 CL Cracow, POLAND SP Inst Nucl Phys Polish Acad Sci, AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Polish Acad Arts Sci, Univ Florida, CERN, DAPHNIA CEA, Polish Minist Educ & Sci, Charles Univ, Czech Tech Univ AB A number of extremely high energy cosmic ray events have been observed by various collaborations. The existence of such events, above the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) cut-off has to be explained by a top-down scenario involving exotic physics. Yet the results reported depend heavily on Monte Carlo procedures. The LHCf experiment will provide important data to calibrate the codes used in air shower simulations. C1 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. IFAC CNR, Florence, Italy. IFIC, Ctr Mixto CSIC UVEG, Valencia, Spain. Ecole Polytech, F-75230 Paris, France. Nagoya Univ, STE Lab, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. Shibaura Inst Technol, Saitama, Japan. Kanagawa Univ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Waseda Univ, Tokyo, Japan. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-95129 Catania, Italy. Univ Catania, Catania, Italy. LBNL, Berkeley, CA USA. RP D'Alessandro, R (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. RI Masuda, Kimiaki/M-4932-2014; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/F-5897-2015; Bongi, Massimo/L-9417-2015; OI D'Alessandro, Raffaello/0000-0001-7997-0306; Bongi, Massimo/0000-0002-6050-1937; Tricomi, Alessia Rita/0000-0002-5071-5501; Castellini, Guido/0000-0002-0177-0643; Papini, Paolo/0000-0003-4718-2895 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD MAR PY 2007 VL 38 IS 3 BP 829 EP 838 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 156TN UT WOS:000245672900017 ER PT J AU Jiang, WH Qiu, KQ Liu, FX Choo, H Liaw, PK AF Jiang, Wenhiu Qiu, Keqiang Liu, Fengxiao Choo, Hahn Liaw, Peter K. TI Compressive deformation and fracture of a hollow bulk-metallic glass SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID NI-CU-BE; FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; SHEAR BANDS; ALLOYS; STRENGTH C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Shenyang Univ Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Shenyang 110023, Liaoning, Peoples R China. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jiang, WH (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM wjiang@titk.edu RI Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009 OI Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907 NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-1656 J9 ADV ENG MATER JI Adv. Eng. Mater. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 9 IS 3 BP 147 EP 150 DI 10.1002/adem.200600249 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 150BK UT WOS:000245190400006 ER PT J AU Cui, Y Xu, CL Han, QY AF Cui, Yan Xu, Cailu Han, Qingyou TI Microstructure improvement in weld metal using ultrasonic vibrations SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SOLIDIFICATION CRACKING; ALLOY C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cui, Y (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ycui1@utk.edu NR 14 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-1656 EI 1527-2648 J9 ADV ENG MATER JI Adv. Eng. Mater. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 9 IS 3 BP 161 EP 163 DI 10.1002/adem.200600228 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 150BK UT WOS:000245190400009 ER PT J AU Mao, JF Wang, B Dai, YJ Woodward, FI Hanson, PJ Lomas, MR AF Mao Jiafu Wang Bin Dai Yongjiu Woodward, F. I. Hanson, P. J. Lomas, M. R. TI Improvements of a dynamic global vegetation model and simulations of carbon and water at an upland-oak forest SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE dynamic global vegetation models; terrestrial carbon and water fluxes; Eddy covariance; calibration ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOIL RESPIRATION; VARIABILITY; RESPONSES; CO2; PRODUCTIVITY; GRASSLAND; BALANCE AB The interest in the development and improvement of dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs), which have the potential to simulate fluxes of carbon, water and nitrogen, along with changes in the vegetation dynamics, within an integrated system, has been increasing. In this paper, some numerical schemes and a higher resolution soil texture dataset were employed to improve the Sheffield Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (SDGVM). Using eddy covariance-based measurements, we then tested the standard version of the SDGVM and the modified version of the SDGVM. Detailed observations of daily carbon and water fluxes made at the upland oak forest on the Walker Branch Watershed in Tennessee, USA offered a unique opportunity for these comparisons. The results revealed that the modified version of the SDGVM did a reasonable job of simulating the carbon and water flux and the variation of soil water content (SWC). However, at the end of the growing season, it failed to simulate the effect of the limitations on the soil respiration dynamics and as a result underestimated this respiration. It was also noted that the modified version overestimated the increase in the SWC following summer rainfall, which was attributed to an inadequate representation of the ground water and thermal cycle. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Numer Modeling Atmospher Sci & Geop, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. Univ Sheffield, Ctr Terr Carbon Dynam, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mao, JF (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Numer Modeling Atmospher Sci & Geop, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM jiafumao@yahoo.com.cn RI Dai, Yongjiu/D-6261-2014; Woodward, Ian/B-7762-2008; Dai, Yongjiu/D-1070-2010; Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011; Mao, Jiafu/B-9689-2012; AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014; Wang, Bin/P-9121-2014; Wang, Bin/D-9724-2012 OI Dai, Yongjiu/0000-0002-3588-6644; Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561; Mao, Jiafu/0000-0002-2050-7373; Wang, Bin/0000-0001-7374-3786; Wang, Bin/0000-0002-3133-7197 NR 47 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 15 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 24 IS 2 BP 311 EP 322 DI 10.1007/s00376-007-0311-7 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 147DI UT WOS:000244983200013 ER PT J AU Lichtner, PC Kang, QJ AF Lichtner, Peter C. Kang, Qinjun TI Comment on: "Upscaling geochemical reaction rates using pore-scale network modeling" by Li, Peters and Celia SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID TRANSPORT C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lichtner, PC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, SM-30 Bikini Atoll Rd, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lichtner@lanl.gov RI Kang, Qinjun/A-2585-2010 OI Kang, Qinjun/0000-0002-4754-2240 NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 30 IS 3 BP 686 EP 690 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2006.05.005 PG 5 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 147BF UT WOS:000244977700029 ER PT J AU Li, L Peters, CA Celia, MA AF Li, Li Peters, Catherine A. Celia, Michael A. TI Reply to "Comment on upscaling geochemical reaction rates using pore-scale network modeling" by Peter C. Lichtner and Qinjun Kang SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID GROUNDWATER-FLOW; TRANSPORT; MEDIA C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Peters, CA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM cap@princeton.edu RI Peters, Catherine/B-5381-2013; Li, Li/A-6077-2008 OI Peters, Catherine/0000-0003-2418-795X; Li, Li/0000-0002-1641-3710 NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 30 IS 3 BP 691 EP 695 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2006.05.002 PG 5 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 147BF UT WOS:000244977700030 ER PT J AU Kuzmanoski, M Box, MA Schmid, B Box, GP Wang, J Russell, PB Bates, D Jonsson, HH Welton, EJ Seinfeld, JH AF Kuzmanoski, M. Box, M. A. Schmid, B. Box, G. P. Wang, J. Russell, P. B. Bates, D. Jonsson, H. H. Welton, E. J. Seinfeld, J. H. TI Aerosol properties computed from aircraft-based observations during the ACE-Asia campaign: 2. A case study of lidar ratio closure SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TO-BACKSCATTER RATIO; SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; RAMAN LIDAR; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; COLUMN CLOSURE AB For a vertical profile with three distinct layers (marine boundary, pollution, and dust layers), observed during the ACE-Asia campaign, we carried out a comparison between the modeled lidar ratio vertical profile and that obtained from co-located airborne NASA AATS-14 sunphotometer and shipborne Micro-Pulse Lidar (MPL) measurements. The vertically resolved lidar ratio was calculated from two size distribution vertical profiles one obtained by inversion of sunphotometer-derived extinction spectra, and one measured in-situ-combined with the same refractive index model based on aerosol chemical composition. The aerosol model implies single scattering albedos of 0.78-0.81 and 0.93-0.96 at 0.523 mu m (the wavelength of the lidar measurements), in the pollution and dust layers, respectively. The lidar ratios calculated from the two size distribution profiles agree closely in the dust layer; they are however, significantly lower than the lidar ratios derived from combined lidar and sunphotometer measurements. Uncertainties in aerosol size distributions and refractive index only partly explain these differences, suggesting that particle nonsphericity in this layer is an additional explanation. In the pollution layer, the two size distribution profiles yield lidar ratios that agree within the estimated uncertainties. The retrieved size distributions result in a lidar ratio which is in closer agreement with that derived, from lidar/sunphotometer measurements in this layer, with still large differences at certain altitudes (the largest relative difference was 46%). We explain these differences by non-uniqueness of the result of the size distribution retrieval, by a lack of information on the mixing state of particles, and the vertical variability of the particle refractive index. C1 Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. CIRPAS, Marina, CA USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Kuzmanoski, M (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM mkuzm@phys.unsw.edu.au RI Welton, Ellsworth/A-8362-2012; Wang, Jian/G-9344-2011 NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 41 IS 3 BP 231 EP 243 DI 10.1080/02786820601146977 PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 150UT UT WOS:000245245800001 ER PT J AU Lobell, DB Ortiz-Monasterio, JI AF Lobell, David B. Ortiz-Monasterio, J. Ivan TI Impacts of day versus night temperatures on spring wheat yields: A comparison of empirical and CERES model predictions in three locations SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MINIMUM TEMPERATURE; SOLAR-RADIATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SYSTEM MODEL; RICE; MAXIMUM; DECLINE; TRENDS AB Trends in recent temperature observations and model projections of the future are characterized by greater warming of daily minimum (tmin) relative to maximum (tmax) temperatures. To aid understanding of how tmin and tmax differentially affect crop yields, we analyzed variations of regional spring wheat yields and temperatures for three irrigated sites in western North America that were characterized by low correlations between tmin and tmax. The crop model CERES-Wheat v3.5 was evaluated in each site and used to project future response to temperature changes. Train and tmax exhibited distinct historical correlations with yields, with CERES successfully capturing the observed relationships in each region. In the Yaqui Valley of Mexico, historical yields were strongly correlated with tmin but not tmax. However, CERES projections of response to increased tmin or tmax (holding other variables constant) were similar (similar to 6% degrees C-1), indicating that the apparent historical importance of tmin mainly results from covariation between temperatures and solar radiation and not greater direct effects of tmin on yields. In the San Luis-Mexicali Valley of Mexico and in the Imperial Valley of California, the opposite was observed: historical yield correlations with tmin and tmax were similar, but projected responses to tmax were roughly three times larger than train. The latter is explained by opposing effects of tmin and tmax on grain filling rates in CERES, with higher tmin increasing harvest indices. This model mechanism was not clearly supported by historical data and remains an area of uncertainty for projecting yield responses to climate change. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, CIMMYT, Wheat Program, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. RP Lobell, DB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM dlobell@llnl.gov NR 24 TC 71 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 99 IS 2 BP 469 EP 477 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0209 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 151KW UT WOS:000245290000018 ER PT J AU Wilkinson, TJ Christiansen, JH Ur, J Widell, M Altaweel, M AF Wilkinson, T. J. Christiansen, J. H. Ur, J. Widell, M. Altaweel, M. TI Urbanization within a dynamic environment: Modeling Bronze Age communities in upper Mesopotamia SO AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE social complexity; simulation; archaeology; Bronze Age; agent-based models AB Here agent-based models are employed to explore the behavior of small communities and their associated economic systems within an area of climatically marginal environment in northern Syria and Iraq. The examples, drawn from late prehistoric and Bronze Age societies that developed at the onset of urbanization, show how small communities might respond to various resource stresses and environmental fluctuations. The computer simulations demonstrate that some households gain resources at the expense of others and the community becomes more economically differentiated through time with some households benefiting at the expense of others. The approaches discussed demonstrate that complex societies were capable of a wide range of responses to stresses that could be absorbed or amplified via a number of social, economic, or demographic processes. C1 Univ Durham, Dept Archaeol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Anthropol, Peabody Museum, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Chicago, Oriental Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Wilkinson, TJ (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Archaeol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. NR 62 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER ANTHROPOLOGICAL ASSOC PI ARLINGTON PA 2200 WILSON BLVD, STE 600, ARLINGTON, VA 22201 USA SN 0002-7294 J9 AM ANTHROPOL JI Am. Anthropol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 109 IS 1 BP 52 EP 68 DI 10.1525/AA.2007.109.1.52 PG 17 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 152FM UT WOS:000245346600004 ER PT J AU Timme, RE Kuehl, JV Boore, JL Jansen, RK AF Timme, Ruth E. Kuehl, Jennifer V. Boore, Jeffrey L. Jansen, Robert K. TI A comparative analysis of the Lactuca and Helianthus (Asteraceae) plastid genomes: Identification of divergent regions and categorization of shared repeats SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Asteraceae; chloroplast DNA; comparative genomics; divergent sequence; genomic repeats; Helianthus annuus; Lactuca sativa; RNA editing ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; TRNL/TRNF INTERGENIC SPACER; RNA EDITING SITES; CHLOROPLAST GENOME; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; GENE LOCALIZATION; SUNFLOWER FAMILY; DNA-SEQUENCES; TRNL INTRON; WEB SERVER AB We have sequenced two complete chloroplast genomes in the Asteraceae, Helianthus annuus (sunflower), and Lactuca sativa (lettuce), which belong to the distantly related subfamilies, Asteroideae and Cichorioideae, respectively. The Helianthus chloroplast genome is 151 104 bp and the Lactuca genome is 152 772 bp long, which is within the usual size range for chloroplast genomes in flowering plants. When compared to tobacco, both genomes have two inversions: a large 22.8-kb inversion and a smaller 3.3-kb inversion nested within it. Pairwise sequence divergence across all genes, introns, and spacers in Helianthus and Lactuca has resulted in the discovery of new, fast-evolving DNA sequences for use in species-level phylogenetics, such as the trnY-rpoB, trnL-rpl32, and ndhC-trnV spacers. Analysis and categorization of shared repeats resulted in seven classes useful for future repeat studies: double tandem repeats, three or more tandem repeats, direct repeats dispersed in the genorne, repeats found in reverse complement orientation, hairpin loops, runs of A's orT's in excess of 12 bp, and gene or tRNA similarity. Results from BLAST searches of our genomic sequence against expressed sequence tag (EST) databases for both genomes produced eight likely RNA edited sites (C -> U changes). These detailed analyses in Asteraceae contribute to a broader understanding of plastid evolution across flowering plants. C1 Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Cellular & Mol Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Genome Project Solut, Hercules, CA 94547 USA. RP Timme, RE (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol, 1 Univ Stn C0930, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM retimme@mail.utexas.edu RI Timme, Ruth/C-6543-2008; Jansen, Robert/F-6272-2011 NR 52 TC 93 Z9 101 U1 3 U2 20 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 94 IS 3 BP 302 EP 312 DI 10.3732/ajb.94.3.302 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 148TM UT WOS:000245097500003 PM 21636403 ER PT J AU Miller, LM Wang, Q Smith, RJ Zhong, H Elliott, D Warren, J AF Miller, Lisa M. Wang, Qi Smith, Randy J. Zhong, Hui Elliott, Donald Warren, John TI A new sample substrate for imaging and correlating organic and trace metal composition in biological cells and tissues SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SPEC 2006 CY MAY 20-24, 2006 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY DE infrared microspectroscopy; X-ray fluorescence microprobe; nanopatterning; metals; tissues ID X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; IN-SITU CHARACTERIZATION; AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; DECONVOLVED FTIR SPECTRA; SCRAPIE-INFECTED CELLS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; INFRARED MICROSPECTROSCOPY; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; MINERAL-COMPOSITION; CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS AB Many disease processes involve alterations in the chemical makeup of tissue. Synchrotron-based infrared (IR) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) microscopes are becoming increasingly popular tools for imaging the organic and trace metal compositions of biological materials, respectively, without the need for extrinsic labels or stains. Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIRM) provides chemical information on the organic components of a material at a diffraction-limited spatial resolution of 2-10 mu m in the mid-infrared region. The synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (SXRF) microprobe is a complementary technique used to probe trace element content in the same systems with a similar spatial resolution. However to be most beneficial, it is important to combine the results from both imaging techniques on a single sample, which requires precise overlap of the IR and X-ray images. In this work, we have developed a sample substrate containing a gold grid pattern on its surface, which can be imaged with both the IR and X-ray microscopes. The substrate consists of a low trace element glass slide that has a gold grid patterned on its surface, where the major and minor parts of the grid contain 25 and 12 nm gold, respectively. This grid pattern can be imaged with the IR microscope because the reflectivity of gold differs as a function of thickness. The pattern can also be imaged with the SXRF microprobe because the Au fluorescence intensity changes with gold thickness. The tissue sample is placed on top of the patterned substrate. The grid pattern's IR reflectivity image and the gold SXRF image are used as fiducial markers for spatially overlapping the IR and SXRF images from the tissue. Results show that IR and X-ray images can be correlated precisely, with a spatial resolution of less than one pixel (i.e., 2-3 microns). The development of this new tool will be presented along with applications to paraffin-embedded metalloprotein crystals, Alzheimer's disease, and hair composition. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Miller, LM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Bldg 725 D,75 Brookhaven Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM lmiller@bnl.gov RI Wang, Qi/C-5478-2012 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01-GM66873] NR 36 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 387 IS 5 BP 1705 EP 1715 DI 10.1007/s00216-006-0879-2 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 138AO UT WOS:000244335000016 PM 17115141 ER PT J AU Martin, AN Farquar, GR Gard, EE Frank, M Fergenson, DP AF Martin, Audrey N. Farquar, George R. Gard, Eric E. Frank, Matthias Fergenson, David P. TI Identification of high explosives using single-particle aerosol mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MICELLAR ELECTROKINETIC CHROMATOGRAPHY; DESORPTION ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; NUCLEAR-QUADRUPOLE RESONANCE; BACILLUS-ATROPHAEUS SPORES; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY; CAPILLARY ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY; CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; SPECTRAL SIGNATURES; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY AB The application of single-particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS) to the real-time detection of micrometer-sized single particles of high explosives is described. Dual-polarity time-of-flight mass spectra from 1000 single particles each of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX), and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), as well as those of complex explosives, Composition B, Semtex 1A, and Semtex 1H, were obtained over a range of desorption/ionization laser fluences between 0.50 and 8.01 nJ/mu m(2). Mass spectral variability with laser fluence for each explosive is discussed. The ability of the SPAMS system to identify explosive components in a single complex explosive particle (similar to 1 pg) without the need for consumables is demonstrated. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Farquar, GR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM farquar2@llnl.gov RI Frank, Matthias/O-9055-2014 NR 42 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 5 BP 1918 EP 1925 DI 10.1021/ac061581z PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 140ID UT WOS:000244497300016 PM 17249636 ER PT J AU Miyabe, K Matsumoto, Y Guiochon, G AF Miyabe, Kanji Matsumoto, Yuko Guiochon, Georges TI Peak parking-moment analysis. A strategy for the study of the mass-transfer kinetics in the stationary phase SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENTHALPY-ENTROPY COMPENSATION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SURFACE-DIFFUSION; SILICA-GELS; MOLECULAR-DIFFUSION; MONOLITHIC COLUMNS; RETENTION; LIGANDS; MODEL; COEFFICIENTS AB The combination of peak parking and moment analysis is proved to be a powerful strategy for studying the molecular diffusivity of solute molecules in stationary phases and for determining the corresponding kinetic parameters. The physical meaning of the traditional kinetic parameter, gamma D-s(s), the diffusion coefficient of solute molecules in stationary phases, is first clarified. A second kinetic parameter, D-Ls, is then derived from gamma D-s(s), and the correspondence between D-Ls and the surface diffusion coefficient, D-sur, is discussed. Then, the results of peak parking experiments carried out with RPLC systems using aqueous methanol solutions and C-18-silica columns are reported. The moments of pulse responses were measured and are analyzed. The values and some characteristics of D-Ls measured by the peak parking-moment analysis method are compared with those of D-sur determined using the pulse response-moment analysis method. The comparison of the numerical values of D-Ls and D-sur suggests that D-Ls is nearly equal to D-sur and that it exhibits the same dependence on the retention strength as does D-sur with regard to the mass-transfer kinetics and extrathermodynamics. This comparison allows us to conclude that D-Ls corresponds to D-sur. The advantages and disadvantages of the peak parking-moment analysis method were compared with those of the pulse response-moment analysis method. The combination of these two methods provides a comprehensive strategy for measuring the mass-transfer kinetics in the stationary phase. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Toyama Univ, Fac Engn, Toyama 9308555, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu NR 42 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 5 BP 1970 EP 1982 DI 10.1021/ac061321h PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 140ID UT WOS:000244497300023 PM 17269752 ER PT J AU Roper, ED Talanov, VS Gorbunova, MG Bartsch, RA Talanova, GG AF Roper, Ebony D. Talanov, Vladimir S. Gorbunova, Maryna G. Bartsch, Richard A. Talanova, Galina G. TI Optical determination of thallium(I) and cesium(I) with a fluorogenic calix[4]arenebis(crown-6 ether) containing one pendent dansyl group SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BINDING-PROPERTIES; POTASSIUM-IONS; COMPLEXATION; 1,3-ALTERNATE; SENSORS AB A fluorogenic derivative of 1,3-alternate calix[4]arenebis(crown-6) (1) containing a dansyl group in the proton-ionizable side arm has been employed in selective sensing of Tl+ and Cs+ at low concentration levels in MeCN-H2O (1:1) mixed solvent. Optical recognition of these two metal cations by 1 occurs in contrasting modes. On the basis of the results of fluorescence, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and H-1 NMR studies, Tl+ and Cs+ react with 1 via formation of 1:1 complexes that differ in coordination arrangement around the metal ion. C1 Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Talanova, GG (reprint author), Howard Univ, Dept Chem, 525 Coll St NW, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM gtalanova@howard.edu NR 18 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 5 BP 1983 EP 1989 DI 10.1021/ac061387c PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 140ID UT WOS:000244497300024 PM 17266283 ER PT J AU Fokidis, HB Risch, TS Glenn, TC AF Fokidis, H. Bobby Risch, Thomas S. Glenn, Travis C. TI Reproductive and resource benefits to large female body size in a mammal with female-biased sexual size dimorphism SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE benefits of age, body condition and body size; female-biased sexual size dimorphism; Glaucomys volans; multiple paternity; precocial breeding; home range size; southern flying squirrel ID COLUMBIAN GROUND-SQUIRRELS; SOUTHERN FLYING SQUIRRELS; CHIPMUNKS TAMIAS-AMOENUS; LIFE-HISTORY; GLAUCOMYS-VOLANS; GENETIC INCOMPATIBILITY; EXTRAPAIR PATERNITY; MATERNAL AGE; LITTER SIZE; EVOLUTION AB Factors underlying the evolution of female-biased sexual size dimorphism in mammals are poorly understood. In an effort to better understand these factors we tested whether larger female southern flying squirrels, Glaucomys volans, gained reproductive advantages (larger litters or more male mates) and direct resource benefits, such as larger home ranges or access to more food (i.e. mast-producing trees). As dimorphism can vary with age in precocial breeding species, we compared females during their first reproduction and during a subsequent breeding attempt. Females were not significantly larger or heavier than males at first reproduction, but became about 7% heavier and 22% larger than males at subsequent breeding. Larger females produced larger litters and had home ranges containing a greater proportion of upland hardwood trees. Female body size was not associated with either multiple male mating or home range size, but females with larger home ranges had higher indexes of body condition. Females in precocial breeding flying squirrels initiate reproduction before sexual size dimorphism is evident, and thus, may be allocating resources to both reproduction and growth simultaneously, or delaying growth entirely. Larger females produce more pups and have access to more food resources. Thus, selection for increased female size may partly explain how female-biased sexual size dimorphism is maintained in this species. (c) 2007 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All tights reserved. C1 Arkansas State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Fokidis, HB (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Grad Programs, POB 87401, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM bobby.fokidis@asu.edu RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008; Fokidis, Bobby/I-8366-2015 OI Fokidis, Bobby/0000-0003-2386-4066 NR 82 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 73 BP 479 EP 488 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.08.010 PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 150JU UT WOS:000245213500010 ER PT J AU Himmel, ME AF Himmel, Michael E. TI Session 1A - Enzyme catalysis and engineering - Introduction to session 1A SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Himmel, ME (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM mike_himmel@nrel.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 137 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1007/s12010-007-9034-6 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 169UI UT WOS:000246616900002 ER PT J AU Mielenz, JR AF Mielenz, Jonathan R. TI Introduction to the proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mielenz, JR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 137 BP III EP VIII DI 10.1007/s12010-007-9033-7 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 169UI UT WOS:000246616900001 PM 18478370 ER PT J AU Borole, AP Davison, BH AF Borole, Abhijeet P. Davison, Brian H. TI Techno-economic analysis of biocatalytic processes for production of alkene epoxides SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP US DOE Off Biomass Program, USDA Agr Res Serv, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Idaho Natl Lab, Abengoa Bioenergy Corp, BRI Energy, Battelle Nanotechnol Innovat Alliance, Cargill, Genenfor Int, Iogen, Katzen Int, Nat Resources Cancda, Novozymes, Procter & Gamble, Samuel roberts Noble Fdn, SE SunGrant Ctr, Tate & Lyle DE bioprocess; chloroperoxidase; economics; enzymatic; epoxides; lipase ID PEROXYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS; STYRENE MONOOXYGENASE; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; PLANT OILS; CHLOROPEROXIDASE; LIPASE; ENZYMES; EPOXIDATION; STABILIZATION; INACTIVATION AB A techno-economic analysis of two different bioprocesses was conducted, one for the conversion of propylene to propylene oxide (PO) and other for conversion of styrene to styrene epoxide (SO). The first process was a lipase-mediated chemo-enzymatic reaction, whereas the second one was a one-step enzymatic process using chloroperoxidase. The PO produced through the chemo-enzymatic process is a racemic product, whereas the latter process (based on chloroperoxidase) produces an enantio-pure product. The former process thus falls under the category of high-volume commodity chemical (PO); whereas the latter is a low-volume, high-value product (SO). A simulation of the process was conducted using the bioprocess engineering software SuperPro Designer v6.0 (Intelligen, Inc., Scotch Plains, NJ) to determine the economic feasibility of the process. The purpose of the exercise was to compare biocatalytic processes with existing chemical processes for production of alkene expoxides. The results show that further improvements are needed in improving biocatalyst stability to make these bioprocesses competitive with chemical processes. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Life Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Borole, AP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Life Biosci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM borolea@ornl.gov RI Borole, AP/F-3933-2011; Davison, Brian/D-7617-2013 OI Davison, Brian/0000-0002-7408-3609 NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 137 BP 437 EP 449 DI 10.1007/s12010-007-9070-2 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 169UI UT WOS:000246616900038 PM 18478407 ER PT J AU Brown, SD Raman, B McKeown, CK Kale, SP He, ZL Mielenz, JR AF Brown, Steven D. Raman, Babu McKeown, Catherine K. Kale, Shubha P. He, Zhili Mielenz, Jonathan R. TI Construction and evaluation of a Clostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405 whole-genome oligonucleotide microarray SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP US DOE Off Biomass Program, USDA Agr Res Serv, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Idaho Natl Lab, Abengoa Bioenergy Corp, BRI Energy, Battelle Nanotechnol Innovat Alliance, Cargill, Genenfor Int, Iogen, Katzen Int, Nat Resources Cancda, Novozymes, Procter & Gamble, Samuel roberts Noble Fdn, SE SunGrant Ctr, Tate & Lyle DE biomass; cellulose; ethanol; fermentation; transcriptomics ID HEAT-SHOCK RESPONSE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; XYLOSE; METABOLISM; CRITERIA; BIOMASS AB Clostridium thermocellum is an anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium that can directly convert cellulosic substrates into ethanol. Microarray technology is a powerful tool to gain insights into cellular processes by examining gene expression under various physiological states. Oligonucleotide microarray probes were designed for 96.7% of the 3163 C. thermocellum ATCC 27405 candidate protein-encoding genes and then a partial-genome microarray containing 70 C. thermocellum specific probes was constructed and evaluated. We detected a signal-to-noise ratio of three with as little as 1.0 ng of genomic DNA and only low signals from negative control probes (nonclostridial DNA), indicating the probes were sensitive and specific. In order to further test the specificity of the array we amplified and hybridized 10 C. thermocellum polymerase chain reaction products that represented different genes and found gene specific hybridization in each case. We also constructed a whole-genome microarray and prepared total cellular RNA from the same point in early-logarithmic growth phase from two technical replicates during cellobiose fermentation. The reliability of the microarray data was assessed by cohybridization of labeled complementary DNA from the cellobiose fermentation samples and the pattern of hybridization revealed a linear correlation. These results taken together suggest that our oligonucleotide probe set can be used for sensitive and specific C. thermocellum transcriptomic studies in the future. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bioconvers Sci & Technol Grp, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Microbial Ecol & Physiol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Xavier Univ, Dept Biol, New Orleans, LA 70125 USA. RP Mielenz, JR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bioconvers Sci & Technol Grp, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mielenzjr@ornl.gov RI He, Zhili/C-2879-2012; Brown, Steven/A-6792-2011 OI Brown, Steven/0000-0002-9281-3898 NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 137 BP 663 EP 674 DI 10.1007/s12010-007-9087-6 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 169UI UT WOS:000246616900055 PM 18478424 ER PT J AU Zhu, YM Lee, YY Elander, RT AF Zhu, Yongming Lee, Y. Y. Elander, Richard T. TI Conversion of aqueous ammonia-treated corn stover to lactic acid by simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP US DOE Off Biomass Program, USDA Agr Res Serv, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Idaho Natl Lab, Abengoa Bioenergy Corp, BRI Energy, Battelle Nanotechnol Innovat Alliance, Cargill, Genenfor Int, Iogen, Katzen Int, Nat Resources Cancda, Novozymes, Procter & Gamble, Samuel roberts Noble Fdn, SE SunGrant Ctr, Tate & Lyle DE aqueous ammonia pretreatment; biomass; cofermentation; lactic acid; simultaneous saccharification; response surface method ID BAGASSE HEMICELLULOSE HYDROLYSATE; ACIDOPHILIC BACILLUS SP; LACTOBACILLUS-PENTOSUS; STEEP LIQUOR; NITROGEN-SOURCES; FERMENTATION; ETHANOL; CELLULOSE; XYLOSE; MEDIA AB Treatment of corn stover with aqueous ammonia removes most of the structural lignin, whereas retaining the majority of the carbohydrates in the solids. After treatment, both the cellulose and hemicellulose in corn stover become highly susceptible to enzymatic digestion. In this study, corn stover treated by aqueous ammonia was investigated as the substrate for lactic acid production by simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation (SSCF). A commercial cellulase (Spezyme-CP) and Lactobacillus pentostis American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 8041 (Spanish Type Culture Collection [CECT]-4023) were used for hydrolysis and fermentation, respectively. In batch SSCF operation, the carbohydrates in the treated corn stover were converted to lactic acid with high yields, themaximum lactic acid yield reaching 92% of the stoichiometric maximum based on total fermentable carbohydrates (glucose, xylose, and arabinose). A small amount of acetic acid was also produced from pentoses through the phosphoketolase pathway. Among the major process variables for batch SSCT, enzyme loading and the amount of yeast extract were found to be the key factors affecting lactic acid production. Further tests on nutrients indicated that corn steep liquor could be substituted for yeast extract as a nitrogen source to achieve the same lactic acid yield. Fed-batch operation of the SSCF was beneficial in raising the concentration of lactic acid to a maximum value of 75.0 g/L. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Lee, YY (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM yylee@eng.auburn.edu NR 31 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 11 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 137 BP 721 EP 738 DI 10.1007/s12010-007-9092-9 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 169UI UT WOS:000246616900060 PM 18478429 ER PT J AU Zullo, L Snyder, SW AF Zullo, Luca Snyder, Seth W. TI Session 5 - Bioprocessing and separations R & D - Introduction to session 5 SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Cargill Inc, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zullo, L (reprint author), Cargill Inc, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. EM seth@anl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 137 BP 739 EP 740 DI 10.1007/s12010-007-9093-8 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 169UI UT WOS:000246616900061 ER PT J AU Coats, ER Loge, FJ Smith, WA Thompson, DN Wolcott, MP AF Coats, Erik R. Loge, Frank J. Smith, William A. Thompson, David N. Wolcott, Michael P. TI Functional stability of a mixed microbial consortium producing PHA from waste carbon sources SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP US DOE Off Biomass Program, USDA Agr Res Serv, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Idaho Natl Lab, Abengoa Bioenergy Corp, BRI Energy, Battelle Nanotechnol Innovat Alliance, Cargill, Genenfor Int, Iogen, Katzen Int, Nat Resources Cancda, Novozymes, Procter & Gamble, Samuel roberts Noble Fdn, SE SunGrant Ctr, Tate & Lyle DE activated sludge; denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; polyhydroxyalkanoates; wastewater; primary solids fermentate; foul condensate; environmental biotechnology ID BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; METHYLOBACTERIUM-EXTORQUENS; POLYHYDROXYALKANOATES; BIOTECHNOLOGY; METABOLISM; FRAGMENTS; POLYMERS; ECOLOGY; SYSTEMS AB Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) represent an environmentally effective alternative to synthetic thermoplastics; however, current production practices are not sustainable. In this study, PHA production was accomplished in sequencing batch bioreactors utilizing real wastewaters and mixed microbial consortia from municipal activated sludge as inoculum. Polymer production reached 85, 53, and 10% of the cell dry weight from methanol-enriched pulp and paper mill foul condensate, fermented municipal primary solids, and biodiesel wastewater, respectively. Using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S-rDNA from polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA extracts, distinctly different communities were observed between and within wastewaters following enrichment. Most importantly, functional stability was maintained despite differing and contrasting microbial populations. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Dept Biotechnol, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Loge, FJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM fjloge@ucdavis.edu RI Coats, Erik/C-2887-2008 OI Coats, Erik/0000-0003-2796-9949 NR 36 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 27 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 137 BP 909 EP 925 DI 10.1007/s12010-007-9107-6 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 169UI UT WOS:000246616900075 PM 18478444 ER PT J AU Agblevor, FA Hames, BR Schell, D Chum, HL AF Agblevor, F. A. Hames, B. R. Schell, D. Chum, H. L. TI Analysis of biomass sugars using a novel HPLC method SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomass hydrolysates; biomass sugars; glucose; HPLC analysis; xylose ID XYLITOL PRODUCTION; SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROLYSATE; BAGASSE; FIBER AB The precise quantitative analysis of biomass sugars is a very important step in the conversion of biomass feedstocks to fuels and chemicals. However, the most accurate method of biomass sugar analysis is based on the gas chromatography analysis of derivatized sugars either as alditol. acetates or trimethylsilanes. The derivatization method is time consuming but the alternative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method cannot resolve most sugars found in biomass hydrolysates. We have demonstrated for the first time that by careful manipulation of the HPLC mobile phase, biomass monomeric sugars (arabinose, xylose, fructose, glucose, mannose, and galactose) can be analyzed quantitatively and there is excellent baseline resolution of all the sugars. This method was demonstrated for standard sugars, pretreated corn stover liquid and solid fractions. Our method can also be used to analyze dimeric sugars (cellobiose and sucrose). C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Agblevor, FA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM Fagblevo@vt.edu NR 17 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 28 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 136 IS 3 BP 309 EP 326 DI 10.1007/s12010-007-9028-4 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 160RY UT WOS:000245961200007 PM 17625236 ER PT J AU Moran, J Snyder, G AF Moran, Jean Snyder, Glen TI Halogens and their isotopes in marine and terrestrial systems - Preface SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. RP Moran, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM moran10@llnl.gov; gsnyder@rice.edu RI Snyder, Glen/E-7873-2017 OI Snyder, Glen/0000-0001-5289-7903 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 3 BP 491 EP 493 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.12.001 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 155XC UT WOS:000245610900001 ER PT J AU Brown, CF Geiszler, KN Lindberg, MJ AF Brown, Christopher F. Geiszler, Keith N. Lindberg, Michael J. TI Analysis of I-129 in groundwater samples: Direct and quantitative results below the drinking water standard SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; DYNAMIC REACTION CELL; ICP-DRC-MS; ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; COLLISION CELL; IODINE; SOIL; SEAWATER; BEHAVIOR AB This paper highlights an analytical method based on mass measurement that can be used to directly quantify I-129 in groundwater samples at concentrations below the maximum contaminant level (MCL) without the need for sample pre-concentration or extraction. Samples were analyzed on a Perkin Elmer ELAN DRC II ICP-MS after minimal dilution using O-2 as the reaction gas. Analysis of continuing calibration verification standards indicated that the dynamic reaction cell (DRC) mode could be used for quantitative analysis of I-129 in samples below the MCL (0.0057 ng/mL or l pCi/L). The low analytical detection limit of I-129 analysis in the DRC mode coupled with minimal sample dilution (1.02x) resulted in a final estimated quantification limit of 0.0051 ng/mL. Subsequent analysis of three groundwater samples containing I-129 resulted in fully quantitative results in the DRC mode, and spike recovery analyses performed on all three samples confirmed that the groundwater matrix did not adversely impact the analysis of I-129 in the DRC mode. This analytical approach has been proven to be a cost-effective, high-throughput technique for the direct, quantitative analysis of I-129 in groundwater samples at environmentally relevant concentrations that reach below the current MCL. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Brown, CF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN P7-22, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM christopher.brown@pnl.gov NR 32 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 3 BP 648 EP 655 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.12.010 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 155XC UT WOS:000245610900012 ER PT J AU Snyder, GT Fabryka-Martin, JT AF Snyder, Glen T. Fabryka-Martin, June T. TI I-129 and Cl-36 in dilute hydrocarbon waters: Marine-cosmogenic, in situ, and anthropogenic sources SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID MILK RIVER AQUIFER; SAN-JUAN BASIN; GROUNDWATER-FLOW VELOCITY; GREAT ARTESIAN BASIN; RESIDENCE TIMES; HYDRAULIC INTERCONNECTIONS; PHYSICAL PROCESSES; SOURCE AGES; NEW-MEXICO; REPROCESSING FACILITIES AB The long-lived halogen radioisotopes I-129 and Cl-36 provide valuable information regarding the source of fluids in hydrocarbon systems and in localized areas where infiltration of younger meteoric water has occurred. Despite the utility of these two isotopes in providing time-signatures for fluid end-members, considerable uncertainty remains regarding the interpretation of "intermediate-age" waters in hydrologic systems. These waters are likely the result of the combination of two or more halogen sources at some time in the past, each with its own characteristic concentration and isotopic composition. In order to unravel the evolution of these "intermediate-age" waters, the effect that infiltration of meteoric water has on the isotopic composition of older formation waters is modeled. Also evaluated is the effect that the timing of dilution has on I-129 and Cl-36 signatures observed in the present, specifically, the hypothesis that halogen isotopic signatures imparted by the mixing of brine and meteoric waters early in the development of a sedimentary basin are quantitatively different from those imparted by the mixing of old brines with recent meteoric waters. The modeled results are compared to previously published isotopic data from production wells in the Fruitland Formation coalbed methane system. Portions of the basin preserve enough of the original brine source to retain I-129/I ratios roughly recording the age of deposition of organic matter (73-76 Ma) even where some degree of dilution by meteoric water has occurred. However, the I-129 signatures of waters that presently contain less than 10% of the original formation water component indicate that mixing has occurred within the past 10 Ma, consistent with recently published He-4 data. Both Cl-36 concentrations and Cl-36/Cl ratios show that waters containing more than 10% formation water are all in secular equilibrium with the host formation coals. In contrast, waters with less than 1% of the original formation water's Cl- content all have Cl-36/Cl ratios which are greater than secular equilibrium values, indicating the migration of meteoric water into the coal formation more recently than 2 Ma. Although Cl-36 signatures in the Fruitland Formation are not significantly affected by anthropogenic input, I-129/I ratios in a subset of samples that retain less than 1% of the initial formation water component suggest input of anthropogenic I-129 during the past 50 a. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Snyder, GT (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77251 USA. EM gsnyder@rice.edu RI Snyder, Glen/E-7873-2017 OI Snyder, Glen/0000-0001-5289-7903 NR 109 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 3 BP 692 EP 714 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.12.011 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 155XC UT WOS:000245610900015 ER PT J AU Gallmann, L Pfeifer, T Nagel, PM Abel, MJ Neumark, DM Leone, SR AF Gallmann, L. Pfeifer, T. Nagel, P. M. Abel, M. J. Neumark, D. M. Leone, S. R. TI Comparison of the filamentation and the hollow-core fiber characteristics for pulse compression into the few-cycle regime SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL PHASE INTERFEROMETRY; ELECTRIC-FIELD RECONSTRUCTION; CARRIER-ENVELOPE PHASE; LASER-PULSES; SELF-COMPRESSION; OPTICAL PULSES; GENERATION; INTENSE; FS AB The gas-filled hollow-core fiber compression and the optical filamentation technique are compared experimentally in a parameter regime suitable for intense few-cycle pulse generation. In particular, pointing stability, spectral properties, and spatial chirp are investigated. It is found that in the case of filamentation, the critical parameter for pointing stability is gas pressure inside the generation cell whereas for the hollow-core fiber it is alignment that plays this role. The hollow-core fiber technique yields spectra that are better suited for chirped-mirror pulse compression whereas filamentation offers higher throughput and prospects for easy-to-implement self-compression. We present spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction (SPIDER) measurements that directly show the transition in the spectral phase of the output continua into the self-compression regime as the gas pressure is increased. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gallmann, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gallmann@phys.ethz.ch RI Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009; Gallmann, Lukas/E-5204-2014 OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473; Gallmann, Lukas/0000-0003-3167-8271 NR 19 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 86 IS 4 BP 561 EP 566 DI 10.1007/s00340-006-2503-8 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 142TY UT WOS:000244674300001 ER PT J AU Kondev, FG Ahmad, I Greene, JP Kellett, MA Nichols, AL AF Kondev, F. G. Ahmad, I. Greene, J. P. Kellett, M. A. Nichols, A. L. TI Measurements of the half-life of Cm-246 and the alpha-decay emission probabilities of Cm-246 and Cf-250 SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE alpha radioactivity; Cm-246; (250) Cf; half-life; alpha-decay emission probabilities ID LIVES; INTENSITY; PARTICLES; ENERGIES; ISOTOPES AB The alpha-decay half-life of 246 Cm has been measured to be T-1/2 = 4706 (40) yr by means of the alpha-counting of ingrowth activity following the decay of a mass separated source of the Cf-250 parent nuclide. The alpha-decay emission probabilities of Cm-246 and Cf-251 have also been determined with high precision and have been compared with results from previous measurements. A new alpha-decay branch of Cm-246 to the 4(+) level of the ground-state band of the Pu-242 daughter nucleus has been identified and characterized. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IAEA, Dept Nucl Sci & Applicat, Nucl Data Sect, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. RP Kondev, FG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kondev@anl.gov NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 65 IS 3 BP 335 EP 340 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2006.08.011 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 133OA UT WOS:000244021000010 PM 17029819 ER PT J AU Lapi, S Mills, WJ Wilson, J McQuarrie, S Publicover, J Schueller, M Schyler, D Ressler, JJ Ruth, TJ AF Lapi, S. Mills, W. J. Wilson, J. McQuarrie, S. Publicover, J. Schueller, M. Schyler, D. Ressler, J. J. Ruth, T. J. TI Production cross-sections of Re181-186 isotopes from proton bombardment of natural tungsten SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE tungsten; rhenium; radioisotopes; cross-section; nuclear reaction ID CARRIER-ADDED RE-186; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; COLON-CANCER; RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY; HEAD; NECK AB Cross-sections for the production of Re-181, Re-182m, Re-182g, Re-183, Re-194, and Re-186 from proton bombardment of natural tungsten have been measured using the stacked foil technique for proton energies up to 17.6 MeV. Results are compared with the theoretical excitation functions as calculated by the EMPIRE II code (version 2.19) and experimental literature values. Results are in strong agreement with some of the previously reported literature as well at theoretical calculations for multiple reactions providing for more reliable estimates for the W-186 (p, n) Re-186 reaction. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 TRIUMF, Pet Grp, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 5C2, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lapi, S (reprint author), TRIUMF, Pet Grp, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. EM slapi@sfu.ca RI Ressler, Jennifer Jo/F-2279-2010 NR 15 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 65 IS 3 BP 345 EP 349 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2006.08.015 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 133OA UT WOS:000244021000012 PM 17098433 ER PT J AU Heber, EM Aromando, RF Trivillin, VA Itoiz, ME Nigg, DW Kreimann, EL Schwint, AE AF Heber, Elisa M. Aromando, Romina F. Trivillin, Veronica A. Itoiz, Maria E. Nigg, David W. Kreimann, Erica L. Schwint, Amanda E. TI Therapeutic effect of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) on field cancerized tissue: Inhibition of DNA synthesis and lag in the development of second primary tumors in precancerous tissue around treated tumors in DMBA-induced carcinogenesis in the hamster cheek pouch oral cancer model SO ARCHIVES OF ORAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BNCT; oral cancer; precancerous tissue; DNA synthesis; hamster cheek pouch ID SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; HEAD; RADIOBIOLOGY; MELANOMA; GB-10 AB Objective: We previously reported the therapeutic success of different BNCT protocols in the treatment of oral cancer, employing the hamster cheek pouch model. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of these BNCT protocols on DNA synthesis in precancerous and normal tissue in this model and assess the potential lag in the development of second primary tumors in precancerous tissue. The data are relevant to potential control of field cancerized tissue and tolerance of normal tissue. Materials and methods: We evaluated DNA synthesis in precancerous and normal pouch tissue 1-30 days post-BNCT mediated by boronophenylalanine (BPA), GB-10 ((Na2B10H10)-B-10) or (BPA + GB-10) employing incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine as an end-point. The BNCT-induced potential lag in the development of second primary tumors from precancerous tissue was monitored. Results: A drastic, statistically significant reduction in DNA synthesis occurred in precancerous tissue as early as 1 day post-BNCT and was sustained at virtually all time-points until 30 days post-BNCT for all the protocols. The histological categories evaluated individually within precancerous tissue (dysplasia, hyperplasia and NUMF [no unusual microscopic features]) responded similarly. DNA synthesis in normal tissue treated with BNCT oscillated around the very low pre-treatment values. A BNCT-induced lag in the development of second primary tumors was observed. Conclusions: BNCT induced a drastic fall in DNA synthesis in precancerous tissue that would be associated to the observed lagin the development of second primary tumors. The minimum variations in DNA synthesis in BNCT-treated normal tissue would correlate with the absence of normal tissue radiotoxicity. The present data would support the control of field - cancerized areas by BNCT. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Atom Energy Commiss, Dept Radiobiol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Dent, Dept Oral Pathol, RA-1122 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Schwint, AE (reprint author), Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Neurooncol, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM schwint@cnea.gov.ar NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0003-9969 J9 ARCH ORAL BIOL JI Arch. Oral Biol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 52 IS 3 BP 273 EP 279 DI 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2006.10.007 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 142AW UT WOS:000244621800011 PM 17137553 ER PT J AU Deru, M Crawley, D AF Deru, Michael Crawley, Drury TI Clarifying EPAct 2005 - Federal tax incentives for commercial buildings SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. US Dept Energy Washington, Washington, DC USA. RP Deru, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 49 IS 3 BP 70 EP + PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 147UP UT WOS:000245028500018 ER PT J AU Zogg, R Smutzer, C Roth, K Brodrick, J AF Zogg, Robert Smutzer, Chad Roth, Kurt Brodrick, James TI Using internal-combustion engines for distributed generation SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 TIAX LLC, Cambridge, MA USA. US DOE, Bldg Technol Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Zogg, R (reprint author), TIAX LLC, Cambridge, MA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 49 IS 3 BP 76 EP + PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 147UP UT WOS:000245028500019 ER PT J AU Einasto, M Einasto, J Tago, E Saar, E Liivamagi, LJ Joeveer, M Hutsi, G Heinamaki, P Muller, V Tucker, D AF Einasto, M. Einasto, J. Tago, E. Saar, E. Liivamagi, L. J. Joeveer, M. Hutsi, G. Heinamaki, P. Mueller, V. Tucker, D. TI Superclusters of galaxies in the 2dF redshift survey - III. The properties of galaxies in superclusters SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmology : large; scale structure of Universe; galaxies : clusters : general ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; BRIGHTEST CLUSTER GALAXIES; COLOR-MAGNITUDE RELATION; LARGE-SCALE DISTRIBUTION; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; STAR-FORMATION; RICH CLUSTERS; SPECTRAL TYPE; VOID NETWORK; LOOSE GROUPS AB Context. Superclusters are the largest systems in the Universe to give us information about the very early Universe. Our present series of papers is devoted to the study of the properties of superclusters of galaxies from the 2dF Galaxy Redshift survey. Aims. We use catalogues of superclusters of galaxies from the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey to compare the properties of rich and poor superclusters. In particular, we study the properties of galaxies ( spectral types, colours, and luminosities) in superclusters. Methods. We compare the distribution of densities in rich and poor superclusters, and the properties of galaxies in high and low-density regions of rich superclusters, in poor superclusters, and in the field. In superclusters and in the field, we also compare the properties of galaxies in groups, and the properties of those galaxies which do not belong to any group. Results. We show that in rich superclusters the values of the luminosity density smoothed on a scale of 8 h(-1) Mpc are higher than in poor superclusters: the median density in rich superclusters is delta approximate to 7.5 and in poor superclusters delta approximate to 6.0. Rich superclusters contain high-density cores with densities delta > 10, while in poor superclusters such high-density cores are absent. The properties of galaxies in rich and poor superclusters and in the field are different: the fraction of early type, passive galaxies in rich superclusters is slightly higher than in poor superclusters, and is the lowest among the field galaxies. Most importantly, in high-density cores of rich superclusters ( d > 10), there is an excess of early type, passive galaxies in groups and clusters, as well as among those which do not belong to any group. The main galaxies of superclusters have a rather limited range of absolute magnitudes. The main galaxies of rich superclusters have higher luminosities than those of poor superclusters and of groups in the field. Conclusions. Our results show that both the local (group/cluster) environments and global (supercluster) environments influence galaxy morphologies and their star formation activity. C1 Tartu Observ, EE-61602 Toravere, Estonia. Tuorla Observ, Piikkio, Finland. Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Einasto, M (reprint author), Tartu Observ, EE-61602 Toravere, Estonia. EM maret@aai.ee OI Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 77 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 464 IS 3 BP 815 EP 826 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20066456 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 143WJ UT WOS:000244756800013 ER PT J AU Hooper, D Dodelson, S AF Hooper, Dan Dodelson, Scott TI What can gamma ray bursts teach us about dark energy? SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dark energy; gamma ray bursts; type Ia supernovae ID HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; HUBBLE DIAGRAM; IA SUPERNOVAE; LUMINOSITY; OMEGA(M); OMEGA(LAMBDA); UNCERTAINTIES; DECELERATION; ENERGETICS AB It has been suggested that Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB) may enable the expansion rate of our Universe to be measured out to very high redshifts (z greater than or similar to 5) just as type Ia supernovae have done at z similar to 1-1.5. We explore this possibility here, and find that GRB have the potential to detect dark energy, but they are unlikely to be competitive with future supernovae missions, such as SNAP, in measuring the properties of the dark energy. This negative conclusion results partly from including the effects of gravitational lensing, which are more pronounced for GRB than for the closer supernovae. The exception to this conclusion is if there is appreciable dark energy at early times, in which case the information from GRBs will provide an excellent complement to the Z similar to I information from supernovae. In particular, models with early (z similar to 2-4) dark energy density comparable to the matter density can be excluded from upcoming GRB data. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Hooper, D (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM dhooper@fnal.gov NR 49 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 EI 1873-2852 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2-3 BP 113 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2006.09.010 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 138ZZ UT WOS:000244403100001 ER PT J AU Prodanov, EM Ivanov, RI Gueorguiev, VG AF Prodanov, Emil M. Ivanov, Rossen I. Gueorguiev, V. G. TI Reissner-Nordstrom expansion SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE expansion of the universe; radiation-dominated era; Reissner-Nordstrom; naked singularity ID EINSTEINS THEORY; RELIC PARTICLES; FIELD; MASS; SINGULARITIES; GRAVITATION AB We propose a classical mechanism for the cosmic expansion during the radiation-dominated era. This mechanism assumes that the Universe is a two-component gas. The first component is a gas of ultra-relativistic "normal" particles described by an equation of state of an ideal quantum gas of massless particles. The second component consist of "unusual" charged particles (namely, either with ultra-high charge or with ultra-high mass) that provide the important mechanism of expansion due to their interaction with the "normal" component of the gas. This interaction is described by the Reissner-Nordstrom metric purely geometrically - the "unusual" particles are modeled as zero-dimensional naked singularities inside spheres of gravitational repulsion. The radius of a repulsive sphere is inversely proportional to the energy of an incoming particle or the temperature. The expansion mechanism is based on the inflating of the "unusual" particles (of charge Q) with the drop of the temperature - this drives apart all neutral particles and particles of specific charge q/m such that sign(Q)q/m >= - 1. The Reissner-Nordstrom expansion naturally ends at recombination. We discuss the range of model parameters within which the proposed expansion mechanism is consistent with the restrictions regarding quantum effects. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Sch Math, Dublin 2, Ireland. Dublin Inst Technol, Sch Math Sci, Dublin, Ireland. Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Sch Theoret Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Prodanov, EM (reprint author), Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Sch Math, Dublin 2, Ireland. EM prodanov@maths.tcd.ie; ivanovr@tcd.ie; vesselin@mailaps.org RI Gueorguiev, Vesselin/A-9679-2009; OI Gueorguiev, Vesselin/0000-0002-2022-6432; Ivanov, Rossen/0000-0003-1008-8272 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2-3 BP 150 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2006.10.003 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 138ZZ UT WOS:000244403100006 ER PT J AU Abraham, J Aglietta, M Aguirre, C Allard, D Allekotte, I Allison, P Alvarez, C Alvarez-Muniz, J Ambrosio, M Anchordoqui, L Anjos, JC Aramo, C Arisaka, K Armengaud, E Arneodo, F Arqueros, F Asch, T Asorey, H Atulugama, BS Aublin, J Ave, M Avila, G Bacelar, J Backer, T Badagnani, D Barbosa, AF Barbosa, HMJ Barkhausen, M Barnhill, D Barroso, SLC Bauleo, P Beatty, J Beau, T Becker, BR Becker, KH Bellido, JA BenZvi, S Berat, C Bergmann, T Bernardini, P Bertou, X Biermann, PL Billoir, P Blanch-Bigas, O Blanco, F Blasi, P Bleve, C Blumer, H Boghrat, P Bohacova, M Bonifazi, C Bonino, R Boratav, M Brack, J Brunet, JM Buchholz, P Busca, NG Caballero-Mora, KS Cai, B Camin, DV Capdevielle, JN Caruso, R Castellina, A Cataldi, G Cazon, L Cester, R Chauvin, J Chiavassa, A Chinellato, JA Chou, A Chye, J Claes, D Clark, PDJ Clay, RW Clay, SB Connolly, B Cordier, A Cotti, U Coutu, S Covault, CE Cronin, J Dagoret-Campagne, S Quang, TD Darriulat, P Daumiller, K Dawson, BR de Almeida, RM de Carvalho, LA De Donato, C de Jong, SJ de Mello, WJM Neto, JRTD De Mitri, I de Oliveira, MAL de Souza, V del Peral, L Deligny, O Della Selva, A Delle Fratte, C Dembinski, H Di Giulio, C Diaz, JC Dobrigkeit, C D'Olivo, JC Dornic, D Dorofeev, A Dova, MT D'Urso, D DuVernois, MA Engel, R Epele, L Erdmann, M Escobar, CO Etchegoyen, A Ewers, A San Luis, PF Falcke, H Fauth, AC Fazio, D Fazzini, N Fernandez, A Ferrer, F Ferry, S Fick, B Filevich, A Filipcic, A Fleck, I Fokitis, E Fonte, R Fuhrmann, D Fulgione, W Garcia, B Garcia-Pinto, D Garrard, L Garrido, X Geenen, H Gelmini, G Gemmeke, H Geranios, A Ghia, PL Giller, M Gitto, J Glass, H Gobbi, F Gold, MS Albarracin, FG Berisso, MG Herrero, RG do Amaral, MG Gongora, JP Gonzalez, D Gonzalez, JG Gonzalez, M Gora, D Gorgi, A Gouffon, P Grassi, V Grillo, A Grunfeld, C Grupen, C Guarino, F Guedes, GP Gutierrez, J Hague, JD Hamilton, JC Harakeh, MN Harari, D Harmsma, S Hartmann, S Harton, JL Healy, MD Hebbeker, T Heck, D Hojvat, C Homola, P Horandel, J Horneffer, A Horvat, M Hrabovsky, M Iarlori, M Insolia, A Kaducak, M Kalashev, O Kampert, KH Keilhauer, B Kemp, E Klages, HO Kleifges, M Kleinfeller, J Knapik, R Knapp, J Koang, DH Kolotaev, Y Kopmann, A Kromer, O Kuhlman, S Kuijpers, J Kunka, N Kusenko, A Lachaud, C Lago, BL Lebrun, D LeBrun, P Lee, J Letessier-Selvon, A Leuthold, M Lhenry-Yvon, I Longo, G Lopez, R Agura, AL Lucero, A Maldera, S Malek, M Maltezos, S Mancarella, G Mancenido, ME Mandat, D Mantsch, P Mariazzi, AG Maris, IC Martello, D Martinez, N Martinez, J Martinez, O Mathes, HJ Matthews, J Matthews, JAJ Matthiae, G Maurin, G Maurizio, D Mazur, PO McCauley, T McEwen, M McNeil, RR Medina, G Medina, MC Tanco, GM Meli, A Melo, D Menichetti, E Menshikov, A Meurer, C Meyhandan, R Micheletti, MI Miele, G Miller, W Mollerach, S Monasor, M Ragaigne, DM Montanet, F Morales, B Morello, C Moreno, E Morris, C Mostafa, M Muller, MA Mussa, R Navarra, G Nellen, L Newman-Holmes, C Newton, D Thi, TN Nichol, R Nierstenhofer, N Nitz, D Nogima, H Nosek, D Nozka, L Oehlschlager, J Ohnuki, T Olinto, A Oliveira, LFA Olmos-Gilbaja, VM Ortiz, M Ostapchenko, S Otero, L Palatka, M Pallotta, J Parente, G Parizot, E Parlati, S Patel, M Paul, T Payet, K Pech, M Pekala, J Pelayo, R Pepe, IM Perrone, L Petrera, S Petrinca, P Petrov, Y Ngoc, DP Thi, TNP Piegaia, R Pierog, T Pisanti, O Porter, TA Pouryamout, J Prado, L Privitera, P Prouza, M Quel, EJ Rautenberg, J Reis, HC Reucroft, S Revenu, B Ridky, J Risi, A Risse, M Riviere, C Rizi, V Robbins, S Roberts, M Robledo, C Rodriguez, G Frias, DR Martino, JR Rojo, JR Ros, G Roulet, E Rovero, AC Rosado, J Roth, M Roucelle, C Rouille-d'Orfeuil, B Roulet, E Rovero, AC Salamida, F Salazar, H Salina, G Sanchez, F Santander, M Santos, EM Sarkar, S Sato, R Scherini, V Schmidt, T Scholten, O Schovanek, P Schussler, F Sciutto, SJ Scuderi, M Semikoz, D Sequeiros, G Shellard, RC Siffert, BB Sigl, G Skelton, P Slater, W De Grande, NS Smialkowski, A Smida, R Smith, BE Snow, GR Sokolsky, P Sommers, P Sorokin, J Spinka, H Strazzeri, E Stutz, A Suarez, F Suomijarvi, T Supanitsky, AD Swain, J Szadkowski, Z Tamashiro, A Tamburro, A Tascau, O Ticona, R Timmermans, C Tkaczyk, W Peixoto, CJT Tonachini, A Torresi, D Travnicek, P Tripathi, A Tristram, G Tscherniakhovski, D Tueros, M Tunnicliffe, V Ulrich, R Unger, M Urban, M Galicia, JFV Valino, I Valore, L van den Berg, AM van Elewyck, V Vazquez, RA Veberic, D Veiga, A Velarde, A Venters, T Verzi, V Videla, M Villasenor, L Van, TV Vorobiov, S Voyvodic, L Wahlberg, H Wainberg, O Waldenmaier, T Walker, P Warner, D Watson, AA Westerhoff, S Wiebusch, C Wieczorek, G Wiencke, L Wilczynska, B Wilczynski, H Wileman, C Winnick, MG Xu, J Yamamoto, T Younk, P Zas, E Zavrtanik, D Zavrtanik, M Zech, A Zepeda, A Zha, M Ziolkowski, M AF Abraham, J. Aglietta, M. Aguirre, C. Allard, D. Allekotte, I. Allison, P. Alvarez, C. Alvarez-Muniz, J. Ambrosio, M. Anchordoqui, L. Anjos, J. C. Aramo, C. Arisaka, K. Armengaud, E. Arneodo, F. Arqueros, F. Asch, T. Asorey, H. Atulugama, B. S. Aublin, J. Ave, M. Avila, G. Bacelar, J. Baecker, T. Badagnani, D. Barbosa, A. F. Barbosa, H. M. J. Barkhausen, M. Barnhill, D. Barroso, S. L. C. Bauleo, P. Beatty, J. Beau, T. Becker, B. R. Becker, K. H. Bellido, J. A. BenZvi, S. Berat, C. Bergmann, T. Bernardini, P. Bertou, X. Biermann, P. L. Billoir, P. Blanch-Bigas, O. Blanco, F. Blasi, P. Bleve, C. Bluemer, H. Boghrat, P. Bohacova, M. Bonifazi, C. Bonino, R. Boratav, M. Brack, J. Brunet, J. M. Buchholz, P. Busca, N. G. Caballero-Mora, K. S. Cai, B. Camin, D. V. Capdevielle, J. N. Caruso, R. Castellina, A. Cataldi, G. Cazon, L. Cester, R. Chauvin, J. Chiavassa, A. Chinellato, J. A. Chou, A. Chye, J. Claes, D. Clark, P. D. J. Clay, R. W. Clay, S. B. Connolly, B. Cordier, A. Cotti, U. Coutu, S. Covault, C. E. Cronin, J. Dagoret-Campagne, S. Quang, T. Dang Darriulat, P. Daumiller, K. Dawson, B. R. de Almeida, R. M. de Carvalho, L. A. De Donato, C. de Jong, S. J. de Mello, W. J. M., Jr. de Mello Neto, J. R. T. De Mitri, I. de Oliveira, M. A. L. de Souza, V. del Peral, L. Deligny, O. Della Selva, A. Delle Fratte, C. Dembinski, H. Di Giulio, C. Diaz, J. C. Dobrigkeit, C. D'Olivo, J. C. Dornic, D. Dorofeev, A. Dova, M. T. D'Urso, D. DuVernois, M. A. Engel, R. Epele, L. Erdmann, M. Escobar, C. O. Etchegoyen, A. Ewers, A. San Luis, P. Facal Falcke, H. Fauth, A. C. Fazio, D. Fazzini, N. Fernandez, A. Ferrer, F. Ferry, S. Fick, B. Filevich, A. Filipcic, A. Fleck, I. Fokitis, E. Fonte, R. Fuhrmann, D. Fulgione, W. Garcia, B. Garcia-Pinto, D. Garrard, L. Garrido, X. Geenen, H. Gelmini, G. Gemmeke, H. Geranios, A. Ghia, P. L. Giller, M. Gitto, J. Glass, H. Gobbi, F. Gold, M. S. Albarracin, F. Gomez Berisso, M. Gomez Herrero, R. Gomez do Amaral, M. Goncalves Gongora, J. P. Gonzalez, D. Gonzalez, J. G. Gonzalez, M. Gora, D. Gorgi, A. Gouffon, P. Grassi, V. Grillo, A. Grunfeld, C. Grupen, C. Guarino, F. Guedes, G. P. Gutierrez, J. Hague, J. D. Hamilton, J. C. Harakeh, M. N. Harari, D. Harmsma, S. Hartmann, S. Harton, J. L. Healy, M. D. Hebbeker, T. Heck, D. Hojvat, C. Homola, P. Hoerandel, J. Horneffer, A. Horvat, M. Hrabovsky, M. Iarlori, M. Insolia, A. Kaducak, M. Kalashev, O. Kampert, K. H. Keilhauer, B. Kemp, E. Klages, H. O. Kleifges, M. Kleinfeller, J. Knapik, R. Knapp, J. Koang, D. -H. Kolotaev, Y. Kopmann, A. Kroemer, O. Kuhlman, S. Kuijpers, J. Kunka, N. Kusenko, A. Lachaud, C. Lago, B. L. Lebrun, D. LeBrun, P. Lee, J. Letessier-Selvon, A. Leuthold, M. Lhenry-Yvon, I. Longo, G. Lopez, R. Aguera, A. Lopez Lucero, A. Maldera, S. Malek, M. Maltezos, S. Mancarella, G. Mancenido, M. E. Mandat, D. Mantsch, P. Mariazzi, A. G. Maris, I. C. Martello, D. Martinez, N. Martinez, J. Martinez, O. Mathes, H. J. Matthews, J. Matthews, J. A. J. Matthiae, G. Maurin, G. Maurizio, D. Mazur, P. O. McCauley, T. McEwen, M. McNeil, R. R. Medina, G. Medina, M. C. Tanco, G. Medina Meli, A. Melo, D. Menichetti, E. Menshikov, A. Meurer, Chr. Meyhandan, R. Micheletti, M. I. Miele, G. Miller, W. Mollerach, S. Monasor, M. Ragaigne, D. Monnier Montanet, F. Morales, B. Morello, C. Moreno, E. Morris, C. Mostafa, M. Muller, M. A. Mussa, R. Navarra, G. Nellen, L. Newman-Holmes, C. Newton, D. Thi, T. Nguyen Nichol, R. Nierstenhoefer, N. Nitz, D. Nogima, H. Nosek, D. Nozka, L. Oehlschlaeger, J. Ohnuki, T. Olinto, A. Oliveira, L. F. A. Olmos-Gilbaja, V. M. Ortiz, M. Ostapchenko, S. Otero, L. Palatka, M. Pallotta, J. Parente, G. Parizot, E. Parlati, S. Patel, M. Paul, T. Payet, K. Pech, M. Pekala, J. Pelayo, R. Pepe, I. M. Perrone, L. Petrera, S. Petrinca, P. Petrov, Y. Ngoc, D. Pham Thi, T. N. Pham Piegaia, R. Pierog, T. Pisanti, O. Porter, T. A. Pouryamout, J. Prado, L., Jr. Privitera, P. Prouza, M. Quel, E. J. Rautenberg, J. Reis, H. C. Reucroft, S. Revenu, B. Ridky, J. Risi, A. Risse, M. Riviere, C. Rizi, V. Robbins, S. Roberts, M. Robledo, C. Rodriguez, G. Frias, D. Rodriguez Martino, J. Rodriguez Rojo, J. Rodriguez Ros, G. Roulet, E. Rovero, A. C. Rosado, J. Roth, M. Roucelle, C. Rouille-d'Orfeuil, B. Roulet, E. Rovero, A. C. Salamida, F. Salazar, H. Salina, G. Sanchez, F. Santander, M. Santos, E. M. Sarkar, S. Sato, R. Scherini, V. Schmidt, T. Scholten, O. Schovanek, P. Schuessler, F. Sciutto, S. J. Scuderi, M. Semikoz, D. Sequeiros, G. Shellard, R. C. Siffert, B. B. Sigl, G. Skelton, P. Slater, W. De Grande, N. Smetniansky Smialkowski, A. Smida, R. Smith, B. E. Snow, G. R. Sokolsky, P. Sommers, P. Sorokin, J. Spinka, H. Strazzeri, E. Stutz, A. Suarez, F. Suomijaervi, T. Supanitsky, A. D. Swain, J. Szadkowski, Z. Tamashiro, A. Tamburro, A. Tascau, O. Ticona, R. Timmermans, C. Tkaczyk, W. Peixoto, C. J. Todero Tonachini, A. Torresi, D. Travnicek, P. Tripathi, A. Tristram, G. Tscherniakhovski, D. Tueros, M. Tunnicliffe, V. Ulrich, R. Unger, M. Urban, M. Valdes Galicia, J. F. Valino, I. Valore, L. van den Berg, A. M. van Elewyck, V. Vazquez, R. A. Veberic, D. Veiga, A. Velarde, A. Venters, T. Verzi, V. Videla, M. Villasenor, L. Van, T. Vo Vorobiov, S. Voyvodic, L. Wahlberg, H. Wainberg, O. Waldenmaier, T. Walker, P. Warner, D. Watson, A. A. Westerhoff, S. Wiebusch, C. Wieczorek, G. Wiencke, L. Wilczynska, B. Wilczynski, H. Wileman, C. Winnick, M. G. Xu, J. Yamamoto, T. Younk, P. Zas, E. Zavrtanik, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zech, A. Zepeda, A. Zha, M. Ziolkowski, M. TI An upper limit to the photon fraction in cosmic rays above 10(19) eV from the Pierre Auger Observatory SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; ultra-high energy photons; extensive air showers; Pierre Auger Observatory ID ULTRA-HIGH-ENERGY; ZATSEPIN-KUZMIN CUTOFF; AIR-SHOWERS; HADRONIC-INTERACTIONS; GEOMAGNETIC-FIELD; PAIR PRODUCTION; SPECTRUM; SIMULATION; PARTICLE; NEUTRINOS AB An upper limit of 16% (at 95% c.l.) is derived for the photon fraction in cosmic rays with energies greater than 10(19) eV, based on observations of the depth of shower maximum performed with the hybrid detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. This is the first such limit on photons obtained by observing the fluorescence light profile of air showers. This upper limit confirms and improves on previous results from the Haverah Park and AGASA surface arrays. Additional data recorded with the Auger surface detectors for a subset of the event sample support the conclusion that a photon origin of the observed events is not favored. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Inst Balseiro, CNEA, Ctr Atom Bariloche,UnCuyo, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Tec Nac Reg Buenos Aires, CONICET, CNEA, Lan Tandar, RA-1650 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Pierre Auger So Observ, RA-5613 Mendoza, Argentina. Natl Univ La Plata, Fac Ciencias Exactas, Dept Fis, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. Univ Nacl Buenos Aires, FCEyN, Dept Fis, IFLP,CONCIET, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. Univ Tecnol Nacl, CEILAP, CONICET, CITEFA, Mendoza, Argentina. Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Catolica Bolivia, La Paz, Bolivia. Univ Mayor San Andres, Monoblock Cent, Bolivia. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, BR-22290180 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Astron & Geofis, BR-05315900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Estadual Campinas, IFGW, Dept Raios Cosm & Cronol, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Univ Estadual Feira de Santana, Dept Fis, BR-44031460 Feira De Santana, Brazil. Univ Fed Bahia, BR-40210340 Salvador, BA, Brazil. Univ Estadual Sudoeste Bahia, Dept Ciencias Exatas, BR-45083900 Vitoria da Conquista, BA, Brazil. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, BR-21945970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Fed Fluminense, Inst Fis, BR-24210340 Niteroi, RJ, Brazil. Charles Univ Prague, Inst Practicle & nucl Phys, Fac Math & Phys, CZ-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, CZ-18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic. Univ Paris 11, Inst Phys Nucl, F-91400 Orsay, France. CNRS, IN2P3, F-91400 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab astroParticle & Cosmol, F-75231 Paris 05, France. Univ Paris 11, Lab Accelerator, F-91898 Orsay, France. CNRS, IN2P3, F-91898 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. CNRS, IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, IN2P3, LPSC, F-38026 St Martin Dheres, France. Berg Univ Wuppertal, Facberich C, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Prozessdatenverarbeit & Elect, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. RWTH Aachen 3, Phys Inst A, Phys Zentrum, D-52056 Auchen, Germany. Univ Karlsruhe, IEKP, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Siegen, Facberich Phys 7, D-57068 Siegen, Germany. Natl Tech Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Sch Appl Sci, Zografos 15780, Greece. Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Nucl & Particle Phys Sect, Ilissia 15771, Greece. Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Fis, I-67010 Laquila, Italy. INFN, I-67010 Laquila, Italy. Univ Lecce, Dipartimento Fis, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Fis, I-80123 Naples, Italy. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00173 Rome, Italy. Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80123 Naples, Italy. Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00173 Rome, Italy. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, INAF, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Gen, I-10125 Turin, Italy. INFN, Lab Nazl Gran Sasso, I-60710 Laquila, Italy. Univ Catania, Dipartimento Fis, I-95129 Catania, Italy. Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-95129 Catania, Italy. BUAP, Puebla 72500, Mexico. Inst Politecn Nacl, CINVESTAV, Mexico City 07000, DF, Mexico. UMSNH, Morelia 58040, Michoacan, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico. Radboud Univ Nijmegen, IMAPP, Dept Astrophys, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. Univ Groningen, KVI, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. ASTRON, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. Inst Nucl Phys PAN, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Univ Lodz, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland. Univ Nova Gorica, Lab Astroparticl Phys, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia. Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Ciencias Fis, Dept Fis Atom Mol & Nucl, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Univ Alcala de Henares, Space Plasmas & Astroparticle Grp, Alcala De Henares 28801, Spain. Univ Santiago, Dept Fis Particulas, E-15782 Santiago De Compostela, Spain. Univ Oxford, Rudolf Peierls Ctr Theoret Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. Univ Leeds, Sch Elect Engn, Inst Integrated Informat Syst, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. So Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. INST, Hanoi, Vietnam. RP Abraham, J (reprint author), Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Inst Balseiro, CNEA, Ctr Atom Bariloche,UnCuyo, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. RI Garcia Pinto, Diego/J-6724-2014; Arneodo, Francesco/E-5061-2015; Prouza, Michael/F-8514-2014; Parente, Gonzalo/G-8264-2015; Alvarez-Muniz, Jaime/H-1857-2015; Rosado, Jaime/K-9109-2014; Valino, Ines/J-8324-2012; De Donato, Cinzia/J-9132-2015; Di Giulio, Claudio/B-3319-2015; Martello, Daniele/J-3131-2012; Insolia, Antonio/M-3447-2015; Ros, German/L-4764-2014; van den Berg, Adriaan/P-6792-2015; Schussler, Fabian/G-5313-2013; Nierstenhofer, Nils/H-3699-2013; Mandat, Dusan/G-5580-2014; Bohacova, Martina/G-5898-2014; Nozka, Libor/G-5550-2014; Cazon, Lorenzo/G-6921-2014; Schovanek, Petr/G-7117-2014; Travnicek, Petr/G-8814-2014; Smida, Radomir/G-6314-2014; Ridky, Jan/H-6184-2014; Pech, Miroslav/G-5760-2014; Todero Peixoto, Carlos Jose/G-3873-2012; Wiebusch, Christopher/G-6490-2012; Miele, Gennaro/F-3628-2010; Muller, Marcio Aparecido/H-9112-2012; fulgione, walter/I-5232-2012; D'Urso, Domenico/I-5325-2012; Chinellato, Jose Augusto/I-7972-2012; Tamburro, Alessio/A-5703-2013; Bleve, Carla/J-2521-2012; Falcke, Heino/H-5262-2012; Arneodo, Francesco/B-8076-2013; Anjos, Joao/C-8335-2013; Gomez-Herrero, Raul/B-7346-2011; de souza, Vitor/D-1381-2012; Shellard, Ronald/G-4825-2012; Zavrtanik, Marko/A-1524-2008; Nichol, Ryan/C-1645-2008; Aramo, Carla/D-4317-2011; Kemp, Ernesto/H-1502-2011; Chiavassa, Andrea/A-7597-2012; Verzi, Valerio/B-1149-2012; Chinellato, Carola Dobrigkeit /F-2540-2011; Venters, Tonia/D-2936-2012; Barbosa, Henrique/F-3499-2012; Fauth, Anderson/F-9570-2012; Kalashev, Oleg/R-9476-2016; Bonino, Raffaella/S-2367-2016; Rodriguez Frias, Maria /A-7608-2015; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; De Mitri, Ivan/C-1728-2017; Nosek, Dalibor/F-1129-2017; Fernandez Tellez, Arturo/E-9700-2017; de Mello Neto, Joao/C-5822-2013; Fulgione, Walter/C-8255-2016; scuderi, mario/O-7019-2014; zas, enrique/I-5556-2015; Sarkar, Subir/G-5978-2011; Arqueros, Fernando/K-9460-2014; Moura Santos, Edivaldo/K-5313-2016; Kopmann, Andreas/B-3454-2013; Gouffon, Philippe/I-4549-2012; de Almeida, Rogerio/L-4584-2016; Blanco, Francisco/F-1131-2015; Beatty, James/D-9310-2011; Guarino, Fausto/I-3166-2012 OI Garcia Pinto, Diego/0000-0003-1348-6735; Arneodo, Francesco/0000-0002-1061-0510; Prouza, Michael/0000-0002-3238-9597; Parente, Gonzalo/0000-0003-2847-0461; Alvarez-Muniz, Jaime/0000-0002-2367-0803; Rosado, Jaime/0000-0001-8208-9480; Valino, Ines/0000-0001-7823-0154; De Donato, Cinzia/0000-0002-9725-1281; Di Giulio, Claudio/0000-0002-0597-4547; Martello, Daniele/0000-0003-2046-3910; Insolia, Antonio/0000-0002-9040-1566; Ros, German/0000-0001-6623-1483; Schussler, Fabian/0000-0003-1500-6571; Cazon, Lorenzo/0000-0001-6748-8395; Ridky, Jan/0000-0001-6697-1393; Todero Peixoto, Carlos Jose/0000-0003-3669-8212; Wiebusch, Christopher/0000-0002-6418-3008; Miele, Gennaro/0000-0002-2028-0578; D'Urso, Domenico/0000-0002-8215-4542; Chinellato, Jose Augusto/0000-0002-3240-6270; Falcke, Heino/0000-0002-2526-6724; Arneodo, Francesco/0000-0002-1061-0510; Gomez-Herrero, Raul/0000-0002-5705-9236; Shellard, Ronald/0000-0002-2983-1815; Zavrtanik, Marko/0000-0001-5606-6912; Chinellato, Carola Dobrigkeit /0000-0002-1236-0789; Barbosa, Henrique/0000-0002-4027-1855; Fauth, Anderson/0000-0001-7239-0288; Del Peral, Luis/0000-0003-2580-5668; Horandel, Jorg/0000-0001-6604-547X; Mussa, Roberto/0000-0002-0294-9071; Ulrich, Ralf/0000-0002-2535-402X; Dembinski, Hans/0000-0003-3337-3850; Blasi, Pasquale/0000-0003-2480-599X; Torresi, Domenico/0000-0002-6043-6178; Knapp, Johannes/0000-0003-1519-1383; Petrera, Sergio/0000-0002-6029-1255; Bonino, Raffaella/0000-0002-4264-1215; Rizi, Vincenzo/0000-0002-5277-6527; Santander, Juan Marcos/0000-0001-7297-8217; Asorey, Hernan/0000-0002-4559-8785; Aramo, Carla/0000-0002-8412-3846; Cataldi, Gabriella/0000-0001-8066-7718; Salamida, Francesco/0000-0002-9306-8447; Aglietta, Marco/0000-0001-8354-5388; Kothandan, Divay/0000-0001-9048-7518; Castellina, Antonella/0000-0002-0045-2467; maldera, simone/0000-0002-0698-4421; Matthews, James/0000-0002-1832-4420; de Jong, Sijbrand/0000-0002-3120-3367; Kalashev, Oleg/0000-0002-7982-1842; Rodriguez Frias, Maria /0000-0002-2550-4462; De Mitri, Ivan/0000-0002-8665-1730; Nosek, Dalibor/0000-0001-6219-200X; Fernandez Tellez, Arturo/0000-0003-0152-4220; Sigl, Guenter/0000-0002-4396-645X; Mantsch, Paul/0000-0002-8382-7745; Gomez Berisso, Mariano/0000-0001-5530-0180; de Mello Neto, Joao/0000-0002-3234-6634; Fulgione, Walter/0000-0002-2388-3809; scuderi, mario/0000-0001-9026-5317; zas, enrique/0000-0002-4430-8117; Sarkar, Subir/0000-0002-3542-858X; Arqueros, Fernando/0000-0002-4930-9282; Moura Santos, Edivaldo/0000-0002-2818-8813; Kopmann, Andreas/0000-0002-2362-3943; Gouffon, Philippe/0000-0001-7511-4115; de Almeida, Rogerio/0000-0003-3104-2724; Blanco, Francisco/0000-0003-4332-434X; Beatty, James/0000-0003-0481-4952; Guarino, Fausto/0000-0003-1427-9885 NR 57 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 EI 1873-2852 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2-3 BP 155 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2006.10.004 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 138ZZ UT WOS:000244403100007 ER PT J AU Hooper, D Sarkar, S Taylor, AM AF Hooper, Dan Sarkar, Subir Taylor, Andrew M. TI The intergalactic propagation of ultra-high energy cosmic ray nuclei SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ultra-high energy cosmic rays; heavy nuclei; GZK cutoff; photodisintegration ID ZATSEPIN-KUZMIN CUTOFF; EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT; HAVERAH-PARK ARRAY; MASS COMPOSITION; GALAXY COUNTS; HEAVY-NUCLEI; SPECTRUM; NEUTRINOS; PHOTODISINTEGRATION; SIMULATIONS AB We investigate the propagation of ultra-high energy cosmic ray nuclei (A = 1-56) from cosmologically distant sources through the cosmic radiation backgrounds. Various models for the injected composition and spectrum and of the cosmic infrared background are studied using updated photodisintegration cross-sections. The observational data on the spectrum and the composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays are jointly consistent with a model where all of the injected primary cosmic rays are iron nuclei (or a mixture of heavy and light nuclei). (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theoret Astrophys Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Oxford, Rudolf Peierls Ctr Theoret Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. RP Hooper, D (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theoret Astrophys Grp, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM dhooper@fnal.gov RI Sarkar, Subir/G-5978-2011 OI Sarkar, Subir/0000-0002-3542-858X NR 68 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 EI 1873-2852 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2-3 BP 199 EP 212 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2006.10.008 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 138ZZ UT WOS:000244403100011 ER PT J AU Aldering, G Kim, AG Kowalski, M Linder, EV Perlmutter, S AF Aldering, Greg Kim, Alex G. Kowalski, Marek Linder, Eric V. Perlmutter, Saul TI Snapping supernovae at z > 1.7 SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE cosmology; observations; theory; supernovae ID HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDE DISTRIBUTIONS; LY-ALPHA SYSTEMS; M-CIRCLE-DOT; IA SUPERNOVAE; EXTINCTION CURVES; DARK ENERGY; LIGHT-CURVE AB We examine the utility of very high redshift Type la supernovae for cosmology and systematic uncertainty control. Next generation space surveys such as the Supernova/Acceleration Probe (SNAP) will obtain thousands of supernovae at z > 1.7, beyond the design redshift for which the supernovae will be exquisitely characterized. We find that any z greater than or similar to 2 standard candies' use for cosmological parameter estimation is quite modest and subject to pitfalls; we examine gravitational lensing, redshift calibration, and contamination effects in some detail. The very high redshift supernovae - both thermonuclear and core collapse - will provide copious interesting information on star formation, environment, and evolution. However, the new observational systematics that must be faced, as well as the limited expansion of SN-parameter space afforded, does not point to high value for 1.7 < z < 3 SNe Ia in controlling evolutionary systematics relative to what SNAP can already achieve z < 1.7. Synergy with observations from JWST and thirty meter class telescopes afford rich opportunities for advances throughout astrophysics. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. RP Linder, EV (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM evlinder@ibl.gov RI Kowalski, Marek/G-5546-2012; Perlmutter, Saul/I-3505-2015 OI Perlmutter, Saul/0000-0002-4436-4661 NR 104 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2-3 BP 213 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2006.11.001 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 138ZZ UT WOS:000244403100012 ER PT J AU Kohler, K Gnedin, NY Hamilton, AJS AF Kohler, Katharina Gnedin, Nickolay Y. Hamilton, Andrew J. S. TI Large-scale simulations of reionization SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; large-scale structure of universe ID LY-ALPHA FOREST; HIGH-REDSHIFT SOURCES; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; Z-SIMILAR-TO-6 QUASARS; NEUTRAL HYDROGEN; STELLAR SOURCES; EVOLUTION; UNIVERSE; GALAXIES AB We use cosmological simulations to explore the large-scale effects of reionization. Since reionization is a process that involves a large dynamic range-from galaxies to rare bright quasars-we need to be able to cover a significant volume of the universe in our simulation without losing the important small-scale effects from galaxies. Here we have taken an approach that uses clumping factors derived from small-scale simulations to approximate the radiative transfer on subcell scales. Using this technique, we can cover a simulation size up to 1280 h(-1) Mpc with 10 h(-1) Mpc cells. This allows us to construct synthetic spectra of quasars similar to observed spectra of Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) quasars at high redshifts and compare them to the observational data. These spectra can then be analyzed for H II region sizes, the presence of the Gunn-Peterson trough, and the Ly alpha forest. C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL USA. RP Kohler, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kkohler@fnal.gov; gnedin@fnal.gov NR 42 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 657 IS 1 BP 15 EP 29 DI 10.1086/509907 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 142FR UT WOS:000244635300002 ER PT J AU Sato, G Yamazaki, R Ioka, K Sakamoto, T Takahashi, T Nakazawa, K Nakamura, T Toma, K Hullinger, D Tashiro, M Parsons, AM Krimm, HA Barthelmy, SD Gehrels, N Burrows, DN O'Brien, PT Osborne, JP Chincarini, G Lamb, DQ AF Sato, G. Yamazaki, R. Ioka, K. Sakamoto, T. Takahashi, T. Nakazawa, K. Nakamura, T. Toma, K. Hullinger, D. Tashiro, M. Parsons, A. M. Krimm, H. A. Barthelmy, S. D. Gehrels, N. Burrows, D. N. O'Brien, P. T. Osborne, J. P. Chincarini, G. Lamb, D. Q. TI Swift discovery of gamma-ray bursts without a jet break feature in their X-ray afterglows SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; ISM : jets and outflows; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal ID THEORETICAL IMPLICATIONS; LIGHT CURVES; PEAK-ENERGY; XRF 050416A; ENERGETICS; TELESCOPE; EMISSION; SPECTRA; GRB-050401; CATALOG AB We analyze Swift gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and X-ray afterglows for three GRBs with spectroscopic redshift determinations: GRB 050401, XRF 050416a, and GRB 050525a. We find that the relation between spectral peak energy and isotropic energy of prompt emissions (the Amati relation) is consistent with that for the bursts observed in the pre-Swift era. However, we find that the X-ray afterglow light curves, which extend up to 10-70 days, show no sign of the jet break that is expected in the standard framework of collimated outflows. We do so by showing that none of the X-ray afterglow light curves in our sample satisfy the relation between the spectral and temporal indices that is predicted for the phase after jet break. The jet break time can be predicted by inverting the tight empirical relation between the peak energy of the spectrum and the collimation-corrected energy of the prompt emission (the Ghirlanda relation). We find that there are no temporal breaks within the predicted time intervals in X-ray band. This requires either that the Ghirlanda relation has a larger scatter than previously thought, that the temporal break in X-rays is masked by some additional source of X-ray emission, or that it does not happen for some unknown reason. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. JAXA, Inst Space & Astron Sci, Kanagawa, Japan. Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys, Hiroshima 730, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 606, Japan. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 106, Japan. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys, Rexburg, ID USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Saitama Univ, Dept Phys, Saitama, Japan. Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20122 Milan, Italy. INAF, Osservatorio Astron Brera, Merate, LC, Italy. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Sato, G (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Parsons, Ann/I-6604-2012; Tashiro, Makoto/J-4562-2012 NR 48 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 657 IS 1 BP 359 EP 366 DI 10.1086/510610 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 142FR UT WOS:000244635300030 ER PT J AU Ballantyne, DR Melia, F Liu, SM Crocker, RM AF Ballantyne, D. R. Melia, Fulvio Liu, Siming Crocker, Roland M. TI A possible link between the Galactic center HESS source and Sagittarius A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; Galaxy : center; gamma rays : theory; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal ID TEV-GAMMA-RAYS; MASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; CANGAROO-II; ACCELERATION; ASTERISK; GALAXY AB Recently, the High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) and other air Cerenkov telescopes have detected a source of TeV gamma-rays coincident with the Galactic center. It is not yet clear whether the gamma-rays are produced via leptonic or hadronic processes, so it is important to consider possible acceleration sites for the charged particles that produce the gamma-rays. One exciting possibility for the origin of these particles is the central black hole, Sgr A*, where the turbulent magnetic fields close to the event horizon can accelerate protons to TeV energies. Using a realistic model of the density distribution in a 6 x 6 x 6 pc cube at the Galactic center, we here calculate the trajectories followed by these TeV protons as they gyrate through the turbulent medium surrounding Sgr A*. Diffusing out from the black hole, the protons produce TeV gamma-rays via pi(0) decay following a collision with a proton in the surrounding p medium. After following over 222,000 such trajectories, we find that the circumnuclear ring around Sgr A* can reproduce the observed 0.1-100 TeV HESS spectrum and flux if the protons are injected into this medium with an effective power-law index approximate to 0.75, significantly harder than the observed photon index of 2.25. The total energy in the steady state 1-40 TeV proton population surrounding Sgr A* is inferred to be approximate to 5 x 10(45) ergs. Only 31% of the emitted 1-100 TeV protons encounter the circumnuclear torus, leaving a large flux of protons that diffuse outward to contribute to the Galactic ridge emission observed by HESS on scales of greater than or similar to 1 degrees. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA, Australia. RP Ballantyne, DR (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ USA. EM drb@physics.arizona.edu; melia@physics.arizona.edu; liusm@lanl.gov; roland.crocker@adelaide.edu.au RI liu, siming/B-5389-2011 NR 25 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 657 IS 1 BP L13 EP L16 DI 10.1086/513103 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 142FU UT WOS:000244635600004 ER PT J AU Sohn, MD Apte, MG Sextro, RG Lai, ACK AF Sohn, Michael D. Apte, Michael G. Sextro, Richard G. Lai, Alvin C. K. TI Predicting size-resolved particle behavior in multizone buildings SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE aerosol transport; indoor; multizone; ETS; COMIS; MIAQ4 ID TOBACCO-SMOKE PARTICLES; AIR-FLOW; DEPOSITION; COMIS; AEROSOL; MODEL AB We compare model predictions to measurements of SF6 and environmental tobacco smoke particle concentrations in a three-room chamber experiment. To make predictions of multi-room aerosol transport and fate, we linked a multizone airflow model (COMIS) with an indoor aerosol dynamics model (MIAQ4). The linked models provide improved simulation capabilities for predicting aerosol concentrations and exposures in buildings. In this application, we found that the multizone air flow model was vital for predicting the inter-room airflows due to temperature differences between the rooms and when air-sampling pumps were operating during the experiment. Model predictions agree well with measurements, as shown by several comparison metrics. However, predictions of airborne ETS concentrations are slightly lower than measurements. This is mostly attributable to under-stating the source release amount, which we specified independently from literature estimates. Model predictions of ETS particle-size distributions agree with measurements; size bins with the peak concentrations are slightly over-predicted initially, but agree thereafter. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. RP Sohn, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 90R3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mdsohn@lbl.gov RI Lai, Alvin/G-8409-2011 OI Lai, Alvin/0000-0002-6202-1988 NR 16 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1473 EP 1482 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.10.010 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 139CT UT WOS:000244410400011 ER PT J AU Kirchstetter, TW Novakov, T AF Kirchstetter, Thomas W. Novakov, T. TI Controlled generation of black carbon particles from a diffusion flame and applications in evaluating black carbon measurement methods SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE carbonaceous aerosol; black carbon; elemental and organic carbon; thermal-optical analysis; aethalometer; particle soot absorption photometer ID AEROSOL LIGHT-ABSORPTION; ATTENUATION CROSS-SECTION; PARTICULATE MATTER; INTEGRATING PLATE; DIESEL EXHAUST; SOOT; AETHALOMETER; CALIBRATION; INSTRUMENT; TEMPERATURE AB Measurements of black carbon (BC) concentration have long been uncertain. Neither a BC standard or a technique that provides a reliable measurement of BC exist, which precludes the evaluation and optimization of BC measurement methods. In this manuscript, we describe the generation of BC particles (mass absorption efficiency similar to 8.5m(2) g(-1) and single scattering albedo similar to 0.2 at 530 nm) using an inverted diffusion flame. This flame is remarkably stable and can be used to generate a wide range of nearly constant concentrations of BC particles for many (e.g., 10 +) hours. The particles contain essentially no organic carbon (OC), so the quantification of BC mass using any of the thermal or thermal-optical analysis JOA) methods is straightforward instead of highly uncertain. In this case, the TOA measurement of BC can be used to evaluate the accuracy of other BC measurement methods. In this paper, we demonstrate the application of the diffusion flame in evaluating BC measurements made with filter-based light transmission methods, and in particular the aethalometer. We show that the amount of light attenuated by a BC-laden filter increases in less than constant proportion to the BC mass loading, and thus the effective BC attenuation coefficient decreases with increased BC mass loading. When sampling BC at constant concentration, the aethalometer erroneously reports decreasing concentrations of BC as its filter becomes increasingly loaded because it treats the attenuation coefficient as a constant. A simple method to correct erroneous aethalometer data when sampling aerosols with low single scattering albedo is presented. Another application of the diffusion flame considered in this paper is the development of BC standards for TOA. We envision the preparation of filter samples with known amounts of BC mixed with other aerosol constituents, which may help in understanding the uncertainty in and optimizing TOA measurements, and may be of use in future TOA method comparison studies. Toward this end, we demonstrate that the diffusion flame can be used to replicate filter samples with known amounts of BC. Additionally, we show that the combustion temperature of BC during TOA depends on sample composition, which suggests that the tempera ture-defined carbon fractions of some thermal and TOA methods may be of limited value. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kirchstetter, TW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS-70-108B, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM twkirchstetter@lbl.gov NR 52 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 4 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 41 IS 9 BP 1874 EP 1888 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.10.067 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 141AX UT WOS:000244549600007 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Sokhansanj, S AF Kumar, Amit Sokhansanj, Shahab TI Switchgrass (Panicum vigratum, L.) delivery to a biorefinery using integrated biomass supply analysis and logistics (IBSAL) model SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE delivered cost; switchgrass; IBSAL; cost curves; baling; loafing; ensiling; energy consumption; carbon emissions; biomass; biorefinery ID ENERGY CROP PRODUCTION; EMISSIONS; STORAGE; BIOENERGY; HARVEST; SYSTEMS; LOSSES; COST; HAY; CO2 AB This study develops cost, energy input and carbon emissions for a number of switchgrass supply options. The Integrated Biomass Supply Analysis and Logistics (IBSAL) model developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory is used to evaluate the delivery systems. Three biomass collection systems: baling, loafing and ensiling are evaluated. The number and operational performance of equipment are specified to complete collection operations within 120 days of harvest after August 1. Bales are stacked and tarped on the farm side. The transport of biomass from the farm side to a biorefinery takes place over a full year cycle, i.e. 365 days. Supply quantities range from 454 to 4540 dry tonnes/day (500-5000 dry tons/day). Delivered costs to a biorefinery with capacity of 1814 dry tonnes/day (2000 dry tons/day) are: $44-$47/dry tonne for delivered bales (round and square); $37/dry tonne for delivered loafs (size 2.4m x 3.6m x 6m); $40/dry tonne for chopped biomass; and $48/dry tonne for ensiled chops. These costs do not include any payment to the farmers or switchgrass farming cost. Based on the data from literature, the switchgrass farming cost can range from $30 to $36/dry tonne. These costs would be additional to the switchgrass collection and transportation cost. Switchgrass collection is generally less expensive than collection of straw or corn stover because of the assumed high yield of 11 dry tonnes/ha and a denser biomass. Energy consumption for delivery systems at this capacity ranges from 4.8% to 6.3% of the energy content of switchgrass. Additional 1% of the energy content of switchgrass is consumed in its farming. At 1814 dry tonnes/day (2000 dry tons/day) capacity, greenhouse gas emissions ranges from 75 to 100 kg of CO2/dry tonne of switchgrass delivered. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Mech Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G8, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Studies, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Mech Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G8, Canada. EM Amit.Kumar@ualberta.ca NR 32 TC 109 Z9 112 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 98 IS 5 BP 1033 EP 1044 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.04.027 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 126UR UT WOS:000243541500010 PM 16797978 ER PT J AU Nagy, LE Meuser, JE Plummer, S Seibert, M Ghirardi, ML King, PW Ahmann, D Posewitz, MC AF Nagy, Lauren E. Meuser, Jonathan E. Plummer, Scott Seibert, Michael Ghirardi, Maria L. King, Paul W. Ahmann, Dianne Posewitz, Matthew C. TI Application of gene-shuffling for the rapid generation of novel [FeFe]-hydrogenase libraries SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE gene shuffling; heterologous expression; hydrogen; hydrogenase ID FE-ONLY HYDROGENASE; ACTIVE-SITE; DIRECTED EVOLUTION; CLOSTRIDIUM-PASTEURIANUM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CARBON-MONOXIDE; HETEROLOGOUS OVEREXPRESSION; DESULFOVIBRIO-DESULFURICANS; INTRINSIC LIGANDS; IRON-HYDROGENASES AB A gene-shuffling technique was identified, optimized and used to generate diverse libraries of recombinant [FeFe]-hydrogenases. Six native [FeFe]-hydrogenase genes from species of Clostridia were first cloned and separately expressed in Escherichia coli concomitantly with the assembly proteins required for [FeFe]-hydrogenase maturation. All enzymes, with the exception of C. thermocellum HydA, exhibited significant activity when expressed. Single-stranded DNA fragments from genes encoding the two most active [FeFe]-hydrogenases were used to optimize a gene-shuffling protocol and generate recombinant enzyme libraries. Random sampling demonstrates that several shuffled products are active. This represents the first successful application of gene-shuffling using hydrogenases. Moreover, we demonstrate that a single set of [FeFe]-hydrogenase maturation proteins is sufficient for the heterologous assembly of the bioinorganic active site of several native and shuffled [FeFe]-hydrogenases. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Environm Sci & Engn Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Basic Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Posewitz, MC (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Environm Sci & Engn Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM mposewit@mines.edu RI King, Paul/D-9979-2011 OI King, Paul/0000-0001-5039-654X NR 51 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 29 IS 3 BP 421 EP 430 DI 10.1007/s10529-006-9254-9 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 137LB UT WOS:000244293000013 PM 17195059 ER PT J AU Svitel, J Tkac, J Vostiar, I Navratil, M Stefuca, V Bucko, M Gemeiner, P AF Svitel, Juraj Tkac, Jan Vostiar, Igor Navratil, Marian Stefuca, Vladimir Bucko, Marek Gemeiner, Peter TI Gluconobacter in biosensors: applications of whole cells and enzymes isolated from Gluconobacter and Acetobacter to biosensor construction (vol 28, pg 2003, 2006) SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Correction C1 Slovak Tech Univ Bratislava, Inst Biotechnol & Food Sci, Fac Chem & Food Technol, SK-81237 Bratislava, Slovakia. Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Chem, SK-84538 Bratislava, Slovakia. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Slovak Tech Univ Bratislava, Inst Chem & Environm Engn, Fac Chem & Food Technol, SK-81237 Bratislava, Slovakia. RP Svitel, J (reprint author), Slovak Tech Univ Bratislava, Inst Biotechnol & Food Sci, Fac Chem & Food Technol, Radlinskeho 9, SK-81237 Bratislava, Slovakia. EM juraj.svitel@gmail.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 29 IS 3 BP 509 EP 509 DI 10.1007/s10529-006-9307-0 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 137LB UT WOS:000244293000026 ER PT J AU Grigori, L Cosnard, M Ng, EG AF Grigori, L. Cosnard, M. Ng, E. G. TI On the row merge tree for sparse LU factorization with partial pivoting SO BIT NUMERICAL MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE sparse LU factorization; partial pivoting; structure prediction; column elimination tree; row merge tree ID GAUSSIAN-ELIMINATION; ALGORITHM; MATRIX; FILL; QR AB We consider the problem of structure prediction for sparse LU factorization with partial pivoting. In this context, it is well known that the column elimination tree plays an important role for matrices satisfying an irreducibility condition, called the strong Hall property. Our primary goal in this paper is to address the structure prediction problem for matrices satisfying a weaker assumption, which is the Hall property. For this we consider the row merge matrix, an upper bound that contains the nonzeros in L and U for all possible row permutations that can be performed during the numerical factorization with partial pivoting. We discuss the row merge tree, a structure that represents information obtained from the row merge matrix; that is, information on the dependencies among the columns in Gaussian elimination with partial pivoting and on structural upper bounds of the factors L and U. We present new theoretical results that show that the nonzero structure of the row merge matrix can be described in terms of branches and subtrees of the row merge tree. These results lead to an efficient algorithm for the computation of the row merge tree, that uses as input the structure of A, and has a time complexity almost linear in the number of nonzeros in A. We also investigate experimentally the usage of the row merge tree for structure prediction purposes on a set of matrices that satisfy only the Hall property. We analyze in particular the size of upper bounds of the structure of L and U, the reordering of the matrix based on a postorder traversal and its impact on the factorization runtime. We show experimentally that for some matrices, the row merge tree is a preferred alternative to the column elimination tree. C1 Parc Club Orsay Univ, INRIA Futurs, F-91893 Orsay, France. INRIA Sophia Antipolis, F-06902 Sophia Antipolis, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Grigori, L (reprint author), Parc Club Orsay Univ, INRIA Futurs, 4 Rue Jacques Monod, F-91893 Orsay, France. EM Laura.Grigori@inria.fr; Michel.Cosnard@inria.fr; EGNg@lbl.gov NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-3835 J9 BIT JI Bit PD MAR PY 2007 VL 47 IS 1 BP 45 EP 76 DI 10.1007/s10543-007-0116-1 PG 32 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 145TM UT WOS:000244887900004 ER PT J AU Parra, M Tan, J Mohandas, N Conboy, J AF Parra, Marilyn Tan, Jeff Mohandas, Narla Conboy, John TI Mechanisms that link promoter choice with downstream alternative splicing in the protein 4.1R gene SO BLOOD CELLS MOLECULES AND DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Conference on Hemoglobin Switching CY SEP 14-18, 2006 CL St Johns Coll, Oxford, ENGLAND HO St Johns Coll C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Nat Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. New York Blood Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1079-9796 J9 BLOOD CELL MOL DIS JI Blood Cells Mol. Dis. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 38 IS 2 MA 21 BP 132 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.bcmd.2006.10.032 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 140OB UT WOS:000244513900031 ER PT J AU Socha, JJ Westneat, MW Harrison, JF Waters, JS Lee, WK AF Socha, John J. Westneat, Mark W. Harrison, Jon F. Waters, James S. Lee, Wah-Keat TI Real-time phase-contrast x-ray imaging: a new technique for the study of animal form and function SO BMC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; CATAGLYPHIS-BICOLOR; GAS-EXCHANGE; INSECTS; VENTILATION; COCKROACH; LESIONS; DAMAGE; DEATH AB Background: Despite advances in imaging techniques, real-time visualization of the structure and dynamics of tissues and organs inside small living animals has remained elusive. Recently, we have been using synchrotron x-rays to visualize the internal anatomy of millimeter-sized opaque, living animals. This technique takes advantage of partially-coherent x-rays and diffraction to enable clear visualization of internal soft tissue not viewable via conventional absorption radiography. However, because higher quality images require greater x-ray fluxes, there exists an inherent tradeoff between image quality and tissue damage. Results: We evaluated the tradeoff between image quality and harm to the animal by determining the impact of targeted synchrotron x-rays on insect physiology, behavior and survival. Using 25 keV x-rays at a flux density of 80 mu W/ mm(-2), high quality video-rate images can be obtained without major detrimental effects on the insects for multiple minutes, a duration sufficient for many physiological studies. At this setting, insects do not heat up. Additionally, we demonstrate the range of uses of synchrotron phase-contrast imaging by showing high-resolution images of internal anatomy and observations of labeled food movement during ingestion and digestion. Conclusion: Synchrotron x-ray phase contrast imaging has the potential to revolutionize the study of physiology and internal biomechanics in small animals. This is the only generally applicable technique that has the necessary spatial and temporal resolutions, penetrating power, and sensitivity to soft tissue that is required to visualize the internal physiology of living animals on the scale from millimeters to microns. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Zool, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Sect Organismal Integrat & Syst Biol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Socha, JJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jjsocha@aps.anl.gov; westneat@fieldmuseum.org; j.harrison@asu.edu; james.waters@gmail.com; wklee@aps.anl.gov RI Waters, James/B-3878-2010; OI Waters, James/0000-0002-9804-1585; Waters, James/0000-0001-7077-9441 NR 40 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 15 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1741-7007 J9 BMC BIOL JI BMC Biol. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 5 AR 6 DI 10.1186/1741-7007-5-6 PG 15 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 151IZ UT WOS:000245285000001 PM 17331247 ER PT J AU da Rocha, CA Higa, R Robilotta, MR AF da Rocha, Carlos A. Higa, Renato Robilotta, Manoel R. TI Brazilian relativistic O(q (4)) two-pion exchange nucleon-nucleon potential: Parametrized version SO BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Workshop on Hadron Interactions (RETINHA XVIII) CY MAY 22-24, 2006 CL Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Phys, Sao Paulo, BRAZIL HO Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Phys DE two-pion exchange; nucleon-nucleon potential; relativistic baryon; chiral symmetry; chiral perturbation theory ID CHIRAL LAGRANGIANS; NN-SCATTERING; SYMMETRY AB in our recent works we derived a chiral O(q(4)) two-pion exchange nucleon-nucleon potential (TPEP) formulated in a relativistic baryon (RB) framework, expressed in terms of the so called low energy constants (LECs) and functions representing covariant loop integrations. In order to facilitate the use of the potential in nuclear applications, we present a parametrized version of our configuration space TPEP. C1 Univ Sao Judas Tadeu, BR-03166000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. RP da Rocha, CA (reprint author), Univ Sao Judas Tadeu, Rua Taquari 546, BR-03166000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM carlos.rocha@usjt.br; higa@jlab.org; robilotta@if.usp.br RI Higa, Renato/M-2300-2016 OI Higa, Renato/0000-0002-6298-8128 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA FISICA PI SAO PAULO PA CAIXA POSTAL 66328, 05315-970 SAO PAULO, BRAZIL SN 0103-9733 J9 BRAZ J PHYS JI Braz. J. Phys. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1 SI SI BP 75 EP 79 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 154KS UT WOS:000245506500023 ER PT J AU Fraga, ES Mocsy, A AF Fraga, E. S. Mocsy, A. TI Connecting an effective model of confinement and chiral symmetry to lattice QCD SO BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting of the Infrared QCD CY JUN 05-09, 2006 CL States Univ Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP CAPES, FAPESP, FAPERJ, CNPq HO States Univ Rio de Janeiro DE confinement; chiral phase transition; quark mass effects ID DECONFINING PHASE-TRANSITION; GAUGE-THEORY; SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; POLYAKOV LOOP; QUARK MASS; TEMPERATURE; RESTORATION; DIAGRAM; ENERGY AB We construct an effective model for the chiral field and the Polyakov loop in which we can investigate the interplay between the approximate chiral symmetry restoration and the deconfinement of color in a thermal SU(3) gauge theory with three flavors of massive quarks. The phenomenological couplings between these two sectors can then be related to the recent lattice data on the renormalized Polyakov loop and the chiral condensate close to the critical region. C1 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, BR-21941972 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Frankfurt Inst Adv Studies, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. RP Fraga, ES (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, CP 68528, BR-21941972 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RI Fraga, Eduardo/H-6010-2016 OI Fraga, Eduardo/0000-0001-5340-156X NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0103-9733 J9 BRAZ J PHYS JI Braz. J. Phys. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1B BP 281 EP 285 DI 10.1590/S0103-97332007000200020 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 167UK UT WOS:000246477800020 ER PT J AU Turchi, PEA Abrikosov, IA Burton, B Fries, SG Grimvalle, G Kaufman, L Korzhavyi, P Manga, VR Ohno, M Pisch, A Scott, A Zhang, WQ AF Turchi, Patrice E. A. Abrikosov, Igor A. Burton, Benjamin Fries, Suzana G. Grimvalle, Goran Kaufman, Larry Korzhavyi, Pavel Manga, V. Rao Ohno, Munekazu Pisch, Alexander Scott, Andrew Zhang, Wenqing TI Interface between quantum-mechanical-based approaches, experiments, and CALPHAD methodology SO CALPHAD-COMPUTER COUPLING OF PHASE DIAGRAMS AND THERMOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ringberg Workshop on Thermodynamic Modeling and First-Principles Calculations CY MAR 06-12, 2005 CL Schloss Ringberg, GERMANY ID TRANSITION-METAL ALLOYS; COHERENT-POTENTIAL APPROXIMATION; AB-INITIO CALCULATION; GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL APPROXIMATIONS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; RANDOM SUBSTITUTIONAL ALLOYS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; PHASE-FIELD MODEL; SYSTEM NACL-KCL AB The increased application of quantum-mechanical-based methodologies to the study of alloy stability has required a re-assessment of the field. The focus is mainly on inorganic materials in the solid state. In a first part, after a brief overview of the so-called ab initio methods with their approximations, constraints, and limitations, recommendations are made for a good usage of first-principles codes with a set of qualifiers. Examples are given to illustrate the power and the limitations of ab initio codes. However, despite the "success" of these methodologies, thermodynamics of complex multi-component alloys, as used in engineering applications, requires a more versatile approach presently afforded within CALPHAD. Hence, in a second part, the links that presently exist between ab initio methodologies, experiments, and the CALPHAD approach are examined with illustrations. Finally, the issues of dynamical instability and of the role of lattice vibrations that still constitute the subject of ample discussions within the CALPHAD community are revisited in the light of our current knowledge with a set of recommendations. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Linkoping Univ, Linkoping, Sweden. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. SGF Sci Consultancy, Aachen, Germany. Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. Max Planck Inst Met Res, Stuttgart, Germany. Tech Univ Clausthal, D-3392 Clausthal Zellerfeld, Germany. ENSEEG, LTPCM, St Martin Dheres, France. Univ Leeds, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. Shanghai Inst Ceram, Shanghai 200050, Peoples R China. RP Turchi, PEA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. EM turchi1@llnl.gov; igor.abrikosov@ifm.liu.se; benjamin.burton@nist.gov; sufries@mf.mpg.de; grimvall@theophys.kth.se; larrykaufman@rcn.com; pavel@mse.kth.se; manga@mf.mpg.de; munekazu.ohno@tu-clausthal.de; alexander.pisch@ltpcm.inpg.fr; a.j.scott@leeds.ac.uk; wqzhang@mail.sic.ac.cn RI Ohno, Munekazu/A-5222-2012; Fries, suzana/A-5280-2013; Zhang, Wenqing/K-1236-2012; Scott, Andrew/H-6321-2016; Korzhavyi, Pavel/B-1944-2017 OI Ohno, Munekazu/0000-0001-5383-412X; Scott, Andrew/0000-0003-4235-6462; Korzhavyi, Pavel/0000-0002-9920-5393 NR 175 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0364-5916 EI 1873-2984 J9 CALPHAD JI Calphad-Comput. Coupling Ph. Diagrams Thermochem. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 31 IS 1 BP 4 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.calphad.2006.02.009 PG 24 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 136RP UT WOS:000244242100002 ER PT J AU Ma, XC Idle, JR Malfatti, MA Krausz, KW Nebert, DW Chen, CS Felton, JS Waxman, DJ Gonzalez, FJ AF Ma, Xiaochao Idle, Jeffrey R. Malfatti, Michael A. Krausz, Kristopher W. Nebert, Daniel W. Chen, Chong-Sheng Felton, James S. Waxman, David J. Gonzalez, Frank J. TI Mouse lung CYP1A1 catalyzes the metabolic activation of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID DNA ADDUCT LEVELS; 2-AMINO-1-METHYL-6-PHENYLIMIDAZO<4,5-B>PYRIDINE PHIP; HUMAN CYTOCHROME-P450; HETEROCYCLIC AMINES; AROMATIC-AMINES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; GENE-EXPRESSION; CHINESE-WOMEN; CANCER; MICE AB 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) carcinogenesis is initiated by N-2-hydroxylation, mediated by several cytochromes P450, including CYP1A1. However, the role of CYP1A1 in PhIP metabolic activation in vivo is unclear. In this study, Cyp1a1-null and wild-type (WT) mice were used to investigate the potential role of CYP1A1 in PhIP metabolic activation in vivo. PhIP N-2-hydroxylation was actively catalyzed by lung homogenates of WT mice, at a rate of 14.9 +/- 5.0 pmol/min/g tissue, but < 1 pmol/min/g tissue in stomach and small intestine, and almost undetectable in mammary gland and colon. PhIP N-2-hydroxylation catalyzed by lung homogenates of Cyp1a1-null mice was similar to 10-fold lower than that of WT mice. In contrast, PhIP N-2-hydroxylation activity in lung homogenates of Cyp1a2-null versus WT mice was not decreased. Pretreatment with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin increased lung Cyp1a1 mRNA and lung homogenate PhIP N-2-hydroxylase activity similar to 50-fold in WT mice, where the activity was substantially inhibited (70%) by monoclonal antibodies against CYP1A1. In vivo, 30 min after oral treatment with PhIP, PhIP levels in lung were similar to those in liver. After a single dose of 0.1 mg/kg [C-14]PhIP, lung PhIP-DNA adduct levels in Cyp1a1-null mice, but not in Cyp1a2-null mice, were significantly lower (P = 0.0028) than in WT mice. These results reveal that mouse lung has basal and inducible PhIP N-2-hydroxylase activity predominantly catalyzed by CYP1A1. Because of the high inducibility of human CYP1A1, especially in cigarette smokers, the role of lung CYP1A1 in PhIP carcinogenesis should be considered. (237 words). C1 NCI, Lab Metab, Canc Res Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Charles Univ Prague, Inst Pharmacol, Fac Med 1, Prague 12800 2, Czech Republic. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Gonzalez, FJ (reprint author), NCI, Lab Metab, Canc Res Ctr, NIH, Bldg 37,Room 3106, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM fjgonz@helix.nih.gov OI Waxman, David/0000-0001-7982-9206; Idle, Jeff/0000-0002-6143-1520 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NCI NIH HHS [CA55861, P01 CA055861, Z01 BC005562-18]; NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR013461, P41 RR13461]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES007381, 5 P42 ES07381, R01 ES008147, R01 ES08147] NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD MAR PY 2007 VL 28 IS 3 BP 732 EP 737 DI 10.1093/carcin/bgl184 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 152HB UT WOS:000245351100026 PM 17052995 ER PT J AU Blomgren, P Palacios, A Zhu, B Daw, S Finney, C Halow, J Pannala, S AF Blomgren, Peter Palacios, Antonio Zhu, Bing Daw, Stuart Finney, Charles Halow, John Pannala, Sreekanth TI Bifurcation analysis of bubble dynamics in fluidized beds SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID DETERMINISTIC CHAOS; NEURAL-NETWORKS; MODEL; ATTRACTORS; BEHAVIOR; VELOCITY AB We use a low-dimensional, agent-based bubble model to study the changes in the global dynamics of fluidized beds in response to changes in the frequency of the rising bubbles. The computationally based bifurcation analysis shows that at low frequencies, the global dynamics is attracted towards a fixed point since the bubbles interact very little with one another. As the frequency of injection increases, however, the global dynamics undergoes a series of bifurcations to new behaviors that include highly periodic orbits, chaotic attractors, and intermittent behavior between periodic orbits and chaotic sets. Using methods from time-series analysis, we are able to approximate nonlinear models that allow for long-term predictions and the possibility of developing control algorithms. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 San Diego State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Nonlinear Dynam Syst Grp, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. San Diego Supercomp Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Waynesburg Coll, Waynesburg, PA 15370 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Blomgren, P (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Nonlinear Dynam Syst Grp, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM blomgren@terminus.sdsu.edu; palacios@euler.sdsu.edu; bzhu@sdsc.edu; dawcs@orn1.gov; finneyc@orn1.gov; jhalow@waynesburg.edu; pannalas@orn1.gov RI Pannala, Sreekanth/F-9507-2010 NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD MAR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1 AR 013120 DI 10.1063/1.2712309 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 151UW UT WOS:000245317300020 PM 17411256 ER PT J AU Daniel, RC Poloski, AP Saez, AE AF Daniel, Richard C. Poloski, Adam P. Saez, A. Eduardo TI A continuum constitutive model for cohesionless granular flows SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE granular materials; rheology; constitutive equation; shear flow ID ROUGH AB A constitutive model is developed to represent shear granular flows of cohesionless solids. The model is based on the postulate that the friction coefficient and the solids fraction in a moving granular material are exclusive functions of the inertial number, which represents the ratio of inertial to normal stress forces. The constitutive equation obtained has the same form as a multidimensional Bingham fluid model, albeit with apparent viscosity and yield stress that depend on the vertical normal stress. The model is applied to previously published experimental results dealing with shear flows of granular beds made up of cohesionless spherical particles. The first case analyzed corresponds to a granular bed moving on top of a rotating disk. The model captures the main trends of the velocity profiles with a single adjustable parameter. The second case is a conventional Couette flow, for which the model is capable of representing the velocity and solids fraction profiles measured experimentally. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Saez, AE (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM esaez@engr.arizona.edu RI Saez, Avelino/K-1136-2016 OI Saez, Avelino/0000-0002-3548-6325 NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0009-2509 J9 CHEM ENG SCI JI Chem. Eng. Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 62 IS 5 BP 1343 EP 1350 DI 10.1016/j.ces.2006.11.035 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 139DX UT WOS:000244413600007 ER PT J AU Gotoda, H Ueda, T Shepherd, IG Cheng, RK AF Gotoda, Hiroshi Ueda, Toshihisa Shepherd, Ian G. Cheng, Robert K. TI Flame flickering frequency on a rotating Bunsen burner SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE combustion; hydrodynamics; laminar flow; modeling; flame flickering; swirl ID PREMIXED FLAMES; MOTION; TIP; LAMINAR; GRAVITY AB The empirical correlation (St*(2)/Ri = 0.00028Re*(2/3): St* is the reduced Strouhal number, Ri the Richardson number, Re* the reduced Reynolds number) proposed by Kostiuk and Cheng [1995. The coupling of conical wrinkled laminar flames with gravity. Combustion and Flame 103, 27-40] for predicting buoyancy-induced flame flickering frequency, has been experimentally investigated under the swirling flow conditions produced by a rotating Bunsen burner, focusing on how the flame flickering frequency changes with increasing swirl number S. Under low swirling conditions up to S approximate to 0.1, the flame flickering frequency f(t) did not change and monotonically increased with increasing the bulk flow velocity from the burner tube U. The trend of the data is similar to those obtained by Durox et al. [1995. Some effects of gravity on the behavior of premixed flames. Combustion and Flame 82, 66-74] and Kostiuk and Cheng (1995) and could be fitted well with the empirical correlation Kostiuk and Cheng (1995). However, under high swirling conditions (S > 1), f(t) significantly decreased up to approximate to 80% of that with non-swirling condition, and became insensitive to U. As a result, the data under S > 1 could not be correlated by the empirical equation. From results obtained by laser doppler velocimetry (LDV), this inconsistency is due to flow divergence shown by the change in the velocity distribution between the burner exit and the flame tip with burner rotation. A minimum value of the centerline velocity u(j),(min) between the burner exit and the flame tip fulfills an important role in controlling the flame flickering frequency. The use of this parameter allows the empirical correlation to be extended to the high swirling case by means of a modified empirical correlation St*(2)/Ri = 0.00028 (Re* exp(-0.64S(1.78)))(2/3). (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Keio Univ, Sch Sci Open & Environm Syst, Kohoku Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Adv Energy Technol Dept,Combust Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gotoda, H (reprint author), Ritsumeikan Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Shiga 5258577, Japan. EM gotoda@se.ritsumei.ac.jp NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0009-2509 J9 CHEM ENG SCI JI Chem. Eng. Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 62 IS 6 BP 1753 EP 1759 DI 10.1016/j.ces.2006.11.012 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 148TT UT WOS:000245098200015 ER PT J AU Turesky, RJ Goodenough, AK Ni, WJ McNaughton, L LeMaster, DM Holland, RD Wu, RW Felton, JS AF Turesky, Robert J. Goodenough, Angela K. Ni, Weijuan McNaughton, Lynn LeMaster, David M. Holland, Ricky D. Wu, Rebekah W. Felton, James S. TI Identification of 2-amino-1,7-dimethylimidazo[4,5-g]quinoxaline: An abundant mutagenic heterocyclic aromatic amine formed in cooked beef SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; COLORECTAL-CANCER; DNA-ADDUCTS; FOOD MUTAGENS; HUMAN TISSUES; RISK; MEAT; 2-AMINO-1-METHYL-6-PHENYLIMIDAZO<4,5-B>PYRIDINE AB A previously unknown isomer of the carcinogenic heterocyclic aromatic amine (HAA) 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (8-MeIQx) was recently discovered in the urine of meat eaters and subsequently detected in cooked ground beef (Holland, R.D., et al. (2004) Chem. Res. Toxicol. 17, 1121-1136). In this current investigation, the identity of the analyte was determined through a comparison of its chromatographic t(R) by HPLC and through UV and mass spectral comparisons to the synthesized isomers of 8-MeIQx. Angular tricyclic isomers of 8-MeIQx were excluded as potential structures of the newly discovered HAA, on the basis of dissimilar t(R) and product ion mass spectral data. The linear tricyclic isomers 2-amino-1,6-dimethylimidazo[4,5-g]quinoxaline (6-MeIgQx) and 2-amino-1,7-dimethylimidazo[4,5-g]quinoxaline (7-MeIgQx) were postulated as plausible structures. Both compounds were synthesized from 4-fluoro-5-nitro-benzene-1,2-diamine in five steps. The structure of the analyte was proven to be 7-MeIgQx, on the basis of co-injection of the compound with the synthetic isomers, and corroborated by comparisons of the UV and mass spectral data of the analyte and MeIgQx isomers. 7-MeIgQx induced 348 revertants/mu g in the S. typhimurium tester strain YG1024, when liver S-9 homogenate of rats pretreated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was used for bioactivation. This newly discovered 7-MeIgQx molecule is one of the most abundant HAAs formed in cooked ground beef patties and pan-fried scrapings. The human health risk of 7-MeIgQx requires investigation. C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Div Environm Dis Prevent, Albany, NY 12201 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Div Mol Med, Albany, NY 12201 USA. US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Syst Toxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Turesky, RJ (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Div Environm Dis Prevent, Albany, NY 12201 USA. EM rturesky@wadsworth.org RI yang, min/G-3030-2011 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA55861, P01 CA055861-089001, P01 CA055861] NR 45 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 20 IS 3 BP 520 EP 530 DI 10.1021/tx600317r PG 11 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 146TU UT WOS:000244958400020 PM 17316027 ER PT J AU Chen, C Ma, XC Malfatti, MA Krausz, KW Kimura, S Felton, JS Idle, JR Gonzalez, FJ AF Chen, Chi Ma, Xiaochao Malfatti, Michael A. Krausz, Kristopher W. Kimura, Shioko Felton, James S. Idle, Jeffrey R. Gonzalez, Frank J. TI A comprehensive investigation of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) metabolism in the mouse using a multivariate data analysis approach SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DNA ADDUCT FORMATION; 2-AMINO-1-METHYL-6-PHENYLIMIDAZO<4,5-B>PYRIDINE PHIP; HETEROCYCLIC AMINES; FOOD MUTAGEN; CYTOCHROME-P450 ENZYMES; DIFFERENTIAL METABOLISM; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; LIVER-MICROSOMES AB 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) is a potent rodent carcinogen and a potential human carcinogen because of its existence in the normal human diet. N-2-OH-PhIP, a major PhIP metabolite, has been identified as a precursor of genotoxic species. In vitro data supported the view that CYP1A2 is the major enzyme responsible for the formation of N-2-OH-PhIP. However, disruption of the CYP1A2 gene in mouse failed to inhibit PhIP-induced carcinogenesis. To investigate the mechanism underlying this observation, the metabolism of PhIP in wild-type, Cyp1a2-null, and CYP1A2-humanized mice was examined in detail using a metabolomic approach. Following data acquisition in a high-resolution LC-MS system, urinary metabolomes of the control and PhIP-treated mice were characterized in a principal component analysis (PCA) model. Comprehensive metabolite profiles of PhIP in high dose (10 mg/kg) and low dose (100 mu g/kg) were established through analyzing urinary ions contributing to the separation of three mouse lines in the multivariate model and by measuring radiolabled PhIP metabolite in a radio-HPLC assay, respectively. The genotoxicity of PhIP to three mouse lines was evaluated by measuring DNA adduction levels in liver, lung, colon, and mammary gland. On the basis of the chemical identities of 17 urinary PhIP metabolites, including eight novel metabolites, multivariate data analysis revealed the role of CYP1A2 in PhIP metabolism and a human-mouse interspecies difference in the catalytic activity of CYP1A2. In addition, the results also showed that Cyp1a2-null mice still possess significant N-2-hydroxylation and DNA adduction activities, which may be partially attributed to mouse CYP2C enzymes according to the results from in vitro microsome and Supersome incubations and antibody inhibition experiments. C1 NCI, Lab Metab, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 1, Inst Pharmacol, Prague, Czech Republic. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate, Livermore, CA USA. RP Gonzalez, FJ (reprint author), NCI, Lab Metab, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM fjgonz@helix.nih.gov RI Chen, Chi/B-4618-2008; OI Idle, Jeff/0000-0002-6143-1520 FU NCI NIH HHS [Z01 BC005562-18, P01 CA055861, CA55861]; NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR013461, RR13461] NR 43 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 20 IS 3 BP 531 EP 542 DI 10.1021/tx600320w PG 12 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 146TU UT WOS:000244958400021 PM 17279779 ER PT J AU Lobell, DB Cahill, KN Field, CB AF Lobell, David B. Cahill, Kimberly Nicholas Field, Christopher B. TI Historical effects of temperature and precipitation on California crop yields SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID MALE-STERILE TOMATOES; STRESS; GROWTH; MODELS; IMPACT AB For the 1980-2003 period, we analyzed the relationship between crop yield and three climatic variables (minimum temperature, maximum temperature, and precipitation) for 12 major Californian crops: wine grapes, lettuce, almonds, strawberries, table grapes, hay, oranges, cotton, tomatoes, walnuts, avocados, and pistachios. The months and climatic variables of greatest importance to each crop were used to develop regressions relating yield to climatic conditions. For most crops, fairly simple equations using only 2-3 variables explained more than two-thirds of observed yield variance. The types of variables and months identified suggest that relatively poorly understood processes such as crop infection, pollination, and dormancy may be important mechanisms by which climate influences crop yield. Recent climatic trends have had mixed effects on crop yields, with orange and walnut yields aided, avocado yields hurt, and most crops little affected by recent climatic trends. Yield-climate relationships can provide a foundation for forecasting crop production within a year and for projecting the impact of future climate changes. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Carnegie Inst, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Lobell, DB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Nicholas, Kimberly/G-3669-2010 OI Nicholas, Kimberly/0000-0002-4756-7851 NR 31 TC 97 Z9 102 U1 8 U2 68 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAR PY 2007 VL 81 IS 2 BP 187 EP 203 DI 10.1007/s10584-006-9141-3 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 142XR UT WOS:000244685100003 ER PT J AU Jensen, KA Ripoll, JF Wray, AA Joseph, D El Hafi, M AF Jensen, Kirk A. Ripoll, Jean-Francois Wray, Alan A. Joseph, David El Hafi, Mouna TI On various modeling approaches to radiative heat transfer in pool fires SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE fire; radiation; discrete ordinates; discrete transfer; Monte Carlo; ray tracing; M-1 model ID 2-DIMENSIONAL AXISYMMETRICAL ENCLOSURES; NET-EXCHANGE FORMULATION; REFLECTIVE SURFACES; UNSTRUCTURED MESHES; COMPARTMENT FIRES; SOOT; PREDICTION; SCHEMES AB Six computational methods for solution of the radiative transfer equation in an absorbing-emitting, nonscattering gray medium were compared for a 2-m JP-8 pool fire. The emission temperature and absorption coefficient fields were taken from a synthetic fire due to the lack of a complete set of experimental data for computing radiation for large and fully turbulent fires. These quantities were generated by a code that has been shown to agree well with the limited quantity of relevant data in the literature. Reference solutions to the governing equation were determined using the Monte Carlo method and a ray-tracing scheme with high angular resolution. Solutions using the discrete transfer method (DTM), the discrete ordinates method (DOM) with both S-4 and LC (11) quadratures, and a moment model using the M-1 closure were compared to the reference solutions in both isotropic and anisotropic regions of the computational domain. Inside the fire, where radiation is isotropic, all methods gave comparable results with good accuracy. Predictions of DTM agreed well with the reference solutions, which is expected for a technique based on ray tracing. DOM LCI11 was shown to be more accurate than the commonly used S4 quadrature scheme, especially in anisotropic regions of the fire domain. On the other hand, DOM S4 gives an accurate source term and, in isotropic regions, correct fluxes. The M-1 results agreed well with other solution techniques and were comparable to DOM S4. This represents the first study where the M, method was applied to a combustion problem occurring in a complex three-dimensional geometry. Future applications of M-1 to fires and similar problems are recommended, considering its similar accuracy and the fact that it has significantly lower computational cost than DOM S4. (c) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Fire Sci & Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Stanford Univ, Ctr Turbulence Res, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Phys Simulat & Modeling Off, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Ecole Mines Albi, Lab Genie Proc Solides Div, F-81013 Albi 09, France. RP Jensen, KA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Fire Sci & Technol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM kajens@sandia.gov; ripoll@lanl.gov NR 52 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD MAR PY 2007 VL 148 IS 4 BP 263 EP 279 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2006.09.008 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 137JH UT WOS:000244288400007 ER PT J AU Hoover, WG Hoover, CG Posch, HA Codelli, JA AF Hoover, Wm G. Hoover, C. G. Posch, H. A. Codelli, J. A. TI The second law of thermodynamics and multifractal distribution functions: Bin counting, pair correlations, and the Kaplan-Yorke conjecture SO COMMUNICATIONS IN NONLINEAR SCIENCE AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE Fractal dimensions; Nonlinear dynamics; Kaplan-Yorke dimension AB We explore and compare numerical methods for the determination of multifractal dimensions for a doubly-thermostatted harmonic oscillator. The equations of motion are continuous and time-reversible. At equilibrium the distribution is a four-dimensional Gaussian, so that all the dimension calculations can be carried out analytically. Away from equilibrium the distribution is a surprisingly isotropic multifractal strange attractor, with the various fractal dimensionalities in the range 1 < D < 4. The attractor is relatively homogeneous, with projected two-dimensional information and correlation dimensions which are nearly independent of direction. Our data indicate that the Kaplan-Yorke conjecture (for the information dimension) fails in the full four-dimensional phase space. We also find no plausible extension of this conjecture to the projected fractal dimensions of the oscillator. The projected growth rate associated with the largest Lyapunov exponent is negative in the one-dimensional coordinate space. Published by Elsevier B. V. C1 [Hoover, Wm G.; Hoover, C. G.; Codelli, J. A.] Univ Calif Davis Livermore, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Hoover, Wm G.; Hoover, C. G.; Codelli, J. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Posch, H. A.] Univ Vienna, Inst Expt Phys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. RP Hoover, WG (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis Livermore, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hooverwilliam@yahoo.com FU United States Department of Energy through University of California [W-7405-Eng-48]; Academy of Science (Concord, New Hampshire); Austrian Fonds zur Fords zur Forderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung [P15348-PHY] FX WGII's work in Carol IIoover's Methods Development Group at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory was performed under the auspices of the United States Department of Energy through University of California Contract W-7405-Eng-48. Julian Codelli's work at the Department of Applied Science was sponsored by the Academy of Science (Concord, New Hampshire) through their summer REAP program for exceptional students. He is now with the University of California at Berkeley. HAP acknowledges the support of the Austrian Fonds zur Fords zur Forderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung through Grant P15348-PHY. We are all particularly grateful to the Erwin Schrodinger Institute in Vienna for sponsoring a workshop under the STOCHDYN program at which we were able to discuss and present some of these results. We thank Harald Oberhofer and Jacobus van Meel for useful discussions there. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1007-5704 J9 COMMUN NONLINEAR SCI JI Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 12 IS 2 BP 214 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.cnsns.2005.02.002 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA V22LY UT WOS:000208277900003 ER PT J AU Villeneuve, DL Miracle, AL Jensen, KM Degitz, SJ Kahl, MD Korte, JJ Greene, KJ Blake, LS Linnum, AL Ankley, GT AF Villeneuve, Daniel L. Miracle, Ann L. Jensen, Kathleen M. Degitz, Sigmund J. Kahl, Michael D. Korte, Joseph J. Greene, Katie J. Blake, Lindsey S. Linnum, Ann L. Ankley, Gerald T. TI Development of quantitative real-time PCR assays for fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) gonadotropin beta subunit mRNAs to support endocrine disruptor research SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Luteinizing hormone; follicle-stimulating hormone; ketoconazole; reproduction; spawning; gonad development; cDNA sequence ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; GENE-EXPRESSION; RAINBOW-TROUT; FISH GONADOTROPINS; GTH-II; KETOCONAZOLE; PITUITARY; CLONING; STEROIDOGENESIS AB Fathead minnows (Piniephales prontelas) are a widely-used small fish model for regulatory ecotoxicology testing and research related to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Quantitative real-time PCR assays for measuring fathead minnow gonadotropin (GtH) subunit transcripts were developed and "baseline" transcript levels in pituitary tissue were examined over a range of age classes and spawning states. Among females, GtH beta transcripts did not vary significantly with gonadal-somatic index or gonad stage. However, in males, follicle-stimulating hormone 13 subunit transcripts decreased significantly with increasing gonad stage, while mean luteinizing hormone subunit expression trended in the opposite direction. GtH beta transcript levels measured in pituitaries from fish that had spawned within the preceding 24 h were not significantly different from those from fish that were 2-3 days post-spawn. Exposure to the fungicide ketoconazole, a known steroidogenesis inhibitor, for 21 days significantly affected the abundance of CiH beta transcripts in pituitary tissue in males, but not females. This study provides critical data needed to design and interpret effective experiments for studying direct and indirect effects of EDCs on GtH subunit mRNA expression. Results of such experiments should facilitate a greater understanding of integrated system-wide responses of the fathead minnow brain-pituitary-gonadal axis to stressors including EDCs. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, MidContinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55803 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Villeneuve, DL (reprint author), US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, MidContinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55803 USA. EM villeneuve.dan@epa.gov NR 41 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 145 IS 2 BP 171 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.11.003 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 154IB UT WOS:000245499100002 PM 17236816 ER PT J AU Cai, DM Gokhale, M Theiler, J AF Cai, D. Michael Gokhale, Maya Theiler, James TI Comparison of feature selection and classification algorithms in identifying malicious executables SO COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS & DATA ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE feature selection; support vector machine; Naive Bayes classifier; malicious executable file; email filtering ID RECOGNITION; NETWORKS AB Malicious executables, often spread as email attachments, impose serious security threats to computer systems and associated networks. We investigated the use of byte sequence frequencies as a way to automatically distinguish malicious from benign executables without actually executing them. In a series of experiments, we compared classification accuracies over seven feature selection methods, four classification algorithms, and variable byte sequence lengths. We found that single-byte patterns provided surprisingly reliable features to separate malicious executables from benign. Between classifiers and feature selection methods, the overall performance of the models depended more on the choice of classifier than the method of feature selection. Support vector machine (SVM) classifiers were found to be superior in terms of prediction accuracy, training time, and aversion to overfitting. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Data Syst Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Comp Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Cai, DM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Data Syst Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM dmc@lanl.gov; maya@lanl.gov; jt@lanl.gov NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9473 J9 COMPUT STAT DATA AN JI Comput. Stat. Data Anal. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3156 EP 3172 DI 10.1016/j.csda.2006.09.005 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 142DX UT WOS:000244630500031 ER PT J AU Tripp, JL Gokhale, MB Peterson, KD AF Tripp, Justin L. Gokhale, Maya B. Peterson, Kristopher D. TI Trident: From high-level language to hardware circuitry SO COMPUTER LA English DT Article AB Unlocking the potential of field-programmable gate arrays requires compilers that translate algorithmic high-level language code into hardware circuits. The Trident open source compiler translates C code to a hardware circuit description, providing designers with extreme flexibility in prototyping reconfigurable supercomputers. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Comp Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Bioengn, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Tripp, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Comp Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jtripp@lanl.gov; maya@llnl.gov; kris-dpeterson@gmail.com NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 EI 1558-0814 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD MAR PY 2007 VL 40 IS 3 BP 28 EP + DI 10.1109/MC.2007.107 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 146PN UT WOS:000244946800013 ER PT J AU Alam, SR Agarwal, PK Smith, MC Vetter, JS Caliga, D AF Alam, Sadaf R. Agarwal, Pratul K. Smith, Melissa C. Vetter, Jeffrey S. Caliga, David TI Using FPGA devices to accelerate biomolecular simulations SO COMPUTER LA English DT Article AB A field-programmable gate array implementation of a molecular dynamics simulation method reduces the microprocessor time-to-solution by a factor of three while using only high-level languages. The application speedup on FPGA devices increases with the problem size. The authors use a performance model to analyze the potential of simulating large-scale biological systems faster than many cluster-based supercomputing platforms. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Future Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Biol Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Alam, SR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Future Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM alamsr@ornl.gov; agarwalpk@ornl.gov; smithmc@clemson.edu; vetter@ornl.gov; caliga@srccomputers.com NR 10 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 EI 1558-0814 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD MAR PY 2007 VL 40 IS 3 BP 66 EP + DI 10.1109/MC.2007.108 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 146PN UT WOS:000244946800017 ER PT J AU Arriola, LM Hyman, JM AF Arriola, Leon M. Hyman, James M. TI Being sensitive to uncertainty SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Predictive modeling's effectiveness is hindered by inherent uncertainties in the input parameters. Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis quantify these uncertainties and identify the relationships between input and output variations, leading to the construction of a more accurate model. This survey introduces the application, implementation, and underlying principles of sensitivity and uncertainty quantification. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Whitewater, WI 53190 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Arriola, LM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Whitewater, WI 53190 USA. EM arriolal@uww.edu; hyman@lanl.gov NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 EI 1558-366X J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 9 IS 2 BP 10 EP 20 DI 10.1109/MCSE.2007.27 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 135NF UT WOS:000244159600005 ER PT J AU Ginn, TR Loge, FJ Scheibe, TD AF Ginn, Timothy R. Loge, Frank J. Scheibe, Timothy D. TI Explaining "noise" as environmental variations in population dynamics SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED EXPOSURE TIME; MULTICOMPONENT MIXTURES; REACTIVE TRANSPORT; SUBSURFACE FLOW; MODEL; FORMULATIONS; FUTURE AB By integrating a population dynamic model with models of contaminant/ stressor fate and transport and biological organism movement, researchers can capture the impact of spatial and temporal heterogeneity on population dynamics, and ultimately develop and implement improved management decisions and policies. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ginn, TR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM trginn@udavis.edu; fjloge@ucdavis.edu; tim.scheibe@pnl.gov RI Scheibe, Timothy/A-8788-2008 OI Scheibe, Timothy/0000-0002-8864-5772 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 9 IS 2 BP 40 EP 49 DI 10.1109/MCSE.2007.30 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 135NF UT WOS:000244159600008 ER PT J AU Akiba, H Ma, KL Chen, JH Hawkes, ER AF Akiba, Hiroshi Ma, Kwan-Liu Chen, Jacqueline H. Hawkes, Evatt R. TI Visualizing multivariate volume data from turbulent combustion simulations SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB To understand dynamic mechanisms, scientists need intuitive and convenient ways to validate known relationships and reveal hidden ones among multiple variables. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Akiba, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ma@cs.ucdavis.edu; ma@cs.ucdavis.edu; jhchen@sandia.gov; erhawke@sandia.gov RI Hawkes, Evatt/C-5307-2012 OI Hawkes, Evatt/0000-0003-0539-7951 NR 10 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 EI 1558-366X J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 9 IS 2 BP 76 EP 83 DI 10.1109/MCSE.2007.42 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 135NF UT WOS:000244159600013 ER PT J AU Ueno, S Ohji, T Lin, HT AF Ueno, Shunkichi Ohji, Tatsuki Lin, Hua Tay TI Corrosion and recession behavior of zircon in water vapor environment at high temperature SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ceramics; SEM; Raman spectroscopy; atmospheric corrosion ID SILICON-NITRIDE; OXIDATION; GAS; CERAMICS AB A corrosion test in static state water vapor environment and a recession test in high velocity steam jet environment for zircon bulk were performed at 1300 C. The trace of the water vapor corrosion could be recognized on the grain surfaces and at the grain boundaries for the sample after the static state corrosion test. Sand ripple like morphology was generated on the grain surfaces and etch pits with less than 0.1 mu m size were formed at the grain boundaries. A porous structure was formed on the bulk surface of the sample after the steam jet test. A glassy phase enriched with silica could be recognized on the surface of the sample after the test. Cracks were induced on the bulk surface during the test. The zircon phase at the bulk surface decomposed into monoclinic zirconia phase and the fraction of silica component at the bulk surface decreased by the steam jet test. The monoclinic zirconia phase was observed to re-generate and grow on the bulk surface. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, Osaka 5670047, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Adv Mfg Res Inst, Moriyama Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4638687, Japan. RP Ueno, S (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Osaka 5670047, Japan. EM ueno23@sanken.osaka-u.ac.jp NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1162 EP 1171 DI 10.1016/j.corsci.2006.08.013 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 153GO UT WOS:000245420400014 ER PT J AU Moreno, A Quiroz-Garcia, B Yokaichiya, F Stojanoff, V Rudolph, P AF Moreno, A. Quiroz-Garcia, B. Yokaichiya, F. Stojanoff, V. Rudolph, P. TI Protein crystal growth in gels and stationary magnetic fields SO CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE proteins; crystal growth in gels; magnetic field; thaumatin; lysozyme; ferritin ID VAPOR DIFFUSION; AGAROSE-GEL; CRYSTALLIZATION; NUCLEATION; LYSOZYME AB Thaumatin, lysozyme, and ferritin single crystals were grown in solutions and gels without and with surrounding strong stationary magnetic fields. The crystal size, number and alignment in dependence on the induction force were analysed. The crystal quality, like mosaicity, as function of the magnetic force is discussed by using synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis. (C) 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Inst Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst Crystal Growth, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. RP Moreno, A (reprint author), Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Inst Quim, Circuito Exterior, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM carcamo@servidor.unam.mx RI stojanoff, vivian /I-7290-2012 OI stojanoff, vivian /0000-0002-6650-512X NR 18 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0232-1300 J9 CRYST RES TECHNOL JI Cryst. Res. Technol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 231 EP 236 DI 10.1002/crat.200610805 PG 6 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 145QM UT WOS:000244879600005 ER PT J AU Dernburg, AF Misteli, T AF Dernburg, Abby F. Misteli, Tom TI Nuclear architecture - An island no more SO DEVELOPMENTAL CELL LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHROMATIN-STRUCTURE; ORGANIZATION; LOCALIZATION; CHROMOSOMES; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS; ENVELOPE; EXCHANGE; DEFECTS; ALPHA AB The eukaryotic nucleus has been the neglected child of cell biology. The "International Symposium on Functional Organization of the Nucleus" held in January on Awaji Island, Japan, highlighted recent work on nuclear organization and function. Emerging from this conference was a holistic view in which diverse chemical and physical signals link the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments of cells. C1 NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dernburg, AF (reprint author), NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM afdernburg@lbl.gov; mistelit@mail.nih.gov OI Dernburg, Abby/0000-0001-8037-1079 NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1534-5807 J9 DEV CELL JI Dev. Cell PD MAR PY 2007 VL 12 IS 3 BP 329 EP 334 DI 10.1016/j.devcel.2007.02.014 PG 6 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 151LI UT WOS:000245291400006 PM 17336900 ER PT J AU Ojeda-May, P Terrones, M Terrones, H Hoffman, D Proffen, T Cheetham, AK AF Ojeda-May, P. Terrones, M. Terrones, H. Hoffman, D. Proffen, T. Cheetham, A. K. TI Determination of chiralities of single-walled carbon nanotubes by neutron powder diffraction technique SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE nanotubes; CVD; surface structure; simulation ID COMPUTATION; PATTERNS; GROWTH AB The radial distribution function (RDF) of different single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has been calculated showing characteristic patterns. Features related to diameter, chirality and doping in these nanostructures are analyzed. We also investigate the induced chirality of two samples, prepared with the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method and the high-pressure Co conversion (HIPCo) procedure, respectively, by comparing the experimental RDF signal obtained from the neutron scattering technique with the RDFs of our simulations. We found armchair and zigzag nanotubes in the sample, but we cannot discard the presence of other chiralities. We believe that this is a useful method to study chiralities induced by different methods of production. Data up to Q = 30 angstrom(-1) were used in the Fourier transform, giving a high real space resolution of Delta r similar to 0.2 angstrom. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 IPICyT, Adv Mat Dept, San Luis Potosi 78216, Mexico. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, LANSCE 12, MS H805, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ojeda-May, P (reprint author), IPICyT, Adv Mat Dept, Camino Presa San Jose 2055, San Luis Potosi 78216, Mexico. EM pedro@ipicyt.edu.mx RI Ojeda-May, Pedro Armando/A-3106-2012; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Terrones, Mauricio/B-3829-2014; Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009 OI Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 473 EP 476 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2006.09.019 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 144WM UT WOS:000244827100009 ER PT J AU Capote, G Jacobsohn, LG Michel, MD Lepienski, CM Vieira, AL Franceschini, DF AF Capote, G. Jacobsohn, L. G. Michel, M. D. Lepienski, C. M. Vieira, A. L. Franceschini, D. F. TI Deposition of hard amorphous hydrogenated carbon films by radiofrequency parallel-plate hollow-cathode plasmas SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE hollow-cathode; plasma deposition; amorphous hydrogenated carbon; mechanical properties ID CYCLOTRON-RESONANCE PLASMA; DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; THIN-FILMS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; RAMAN-SPECTRA; BIAS VOLTAGE; GROWTH AB Hard amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H) films were deposited by plasma decomposition of CH4 gas in a RF parallel-plate hollow-cathode system. The deposition system was built by placing a metallic plate in parallel to and in electrical contact with an usual RF-PECVD planar cathode. Self-bias versus RF power curves were used to make an initial characterization of plasma discharges in nitrogen gas atmospheres, for pressures between 10 and 100 mTorr. The strongly increased power consumption to obtain the same self-bias in the hollow-cathode system evidenced an increase in plasma density. The a-C:H films were deposited onto Si single crystalline substrates, in the -50 to -500 V self-bias range, at 5, 10 and 50 mTorr deposition pressures. The film deposition rate was found to be about four times than that usually observed for single-cathode RF-PECVD-deposited films, under methane atmosphere, at similar pressure and self-bias conditions. Characterization of film structure was carried out by Raman spectroscopy on films deposited at 10 and 50 mTorr pressures. Gaussian deconvolution of the Raman spectra in its D and G bands shows a continuous increase in the I-D/I-G integrated band intensity ratio upon self-bias increase, obeying the expected increasing behavior of the sp(2) carbon atom fraction. The peak position of the G band was found to increase up to -300 V self-bias, showing a nearly constant behavior for higher self-bias absolute values. On the other hand, the G band width showed a nearly constant behavior within the entire self-bias range. Nanohardness measurements have shown that films deposited with self-bias greater than 300 V are as hard as films obtained by the usual PECVD techniques, showing a maximum hardness of about 18 GPa. Films were also found to develop high internal compressive stress. The stress dependence on self-bias showed a strong maximum at about -200 V self-bias, with a maximum stress value of about 5 GPa. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Fed Fluminense, Inst Fis, BR-24210341 Niteroi, RJ, Brazil. INPE, BR-12201970 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Fed Parana, Dept Fis, BR-81531990 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. RP Franceschini, DF (reprint author), Univ Fed Fluminense, Inst Fis, Av Litoranea S-N, BR-24210341 Niteroi, RJ, Brazil. EM dante@if.uff.br RI Franceschini, Dante/A-8095-2008; OI Jacobsohn, Luiz/0000-0001-8991-3903; Franceschini, Dante/0000-0001-7328-6116 NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 EI 1879-0062 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 616 EP 622 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2006.11.052 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 144WM UT WOS:000244827100033 ER PT J AU Liu, J Chen, ZH Busking, S Amine, K AF Liu, Jun Chen, Zonghai Busking, Sara Amine, K. TI Lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate as a functional additive for lithium-ion batteries SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate; electrolyte additive; solid electrolyte interphase ID HIGH-POWER APPLICATIONS; VINYLENE CARBONATE; GRAPHITE-ELECTRODES; REDUCTION; ETHYLENE; SURFACE; CELLS; ANODE AB Lithium difluoro(oxalato) borate was investigated as a functional additive for non-aqueous electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries. It was found that the addition of small amount of lithium difluoro(oxalato) borate to the LiFP6-based electrolyte can significantly improve both the capacity retention and the power retention of lithium-ion cells. Unlike other additives, lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate only slightly increased the interfacial impedance of the cells, resulting in good initial power capability. Therefore, lithium difluoro(oxalato) borate is a promising additive for high-performance lithium-ion batteries for power applications, such as hybrid electrical vehicles. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Amine, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM amine@cmt.anl.gov RI Chen, Zonghai/K-8745-2013; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 NR 14 TC 57 Z9 62 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 9 IS 3 BP 475 EP 479 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2006.10.022 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 154AE UT WOS:000245478400023 ER PT J AU Patoux, S Richardson, TJ AF Patoux, Sebastien Richardson, Thomas J. TI Lithium insertion chemistry of some iron vanadates SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE lithium batteries; iron vanadates; insertion compounds; GITT ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE; NASICON STRUCTURE; CATHODE MATERIALS; PHOSPHATE PHASES; LI BATTERIES; FEVO4; SUBSTITUTION; MOSSBAUER; ELECTRODE AB Lithium insertion into various iron vanadates has been investigated. Fe2V4O13 and Fe-4(V2O7)(3) center dot 3H(2)O have discharge capacities approaching 200 mAh g(-1) above 2.0 V vs. Li+/Li. Although the potential profiles change significantly between the first and subsequent discharges, capacity retention is unexpectedly good. Other phases, structurally related to FeVO4, containing copper and/or sodium ions were also studied. One of these, beta-Cu3Fe4(VO4)(6), reversibly consumes almost 10 moles of electrons per formula unit (ca. 240 mAh g(-1)) between 3.6 and 2.0 V vs. Li+/Li, in a non-classical insertion process. It is proposed that both copper and vanadium are electrochemically active, whereas iron(III) reacts to form (LiFeO2)-O-III. The capacity of the Cu3Fe4(VO4)(6)/Li system is nearly independent of cycling rate, stabilizing after a few cycles at 120-140 mAh g(-1). Iron vanadates exhibit better capacities than their phosphate analogues, whereas the latter display more constant discharge potentials. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Richardson, TJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tjrichardson@lbl.gov NR 36 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 6 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 9 IS 3 BP 485 EP 491 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2006.10.006 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 154AE UT WOS:000245478400025 ER PT J AU Straub, TM Bentrup, KHZ Orosz-Coghlan, P Dohnalkova, A Mayer, BK Bartholomew, RA Valdez, CO Bruckner-Lea, CJ Gerba, CP Abbaszadegan, M Nickerson, CA AF Straub, Timothy M. Bentrup, Kerstin Honer zu Orosz-Coghlan, Patricia Dohnalkova, Alice Mayer, Brooke K. Bartholomew, Rachel A. Valdez, Catherine O. Bruckner-Lea, Cynthia J. Gerba, Charles P. Abbaszadegan, Morteza Nickerson, Cheryl A. TI In vitro cell culture infectivity assay for human noroviruses SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BLOOD GROUP ANTIGENS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; NONBACTERIAL GASTROENTERITIS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; INFECTED-CELLS; PATHOGENESIS; REPLICATION; MODEL AB Human noroviruses cause severe, self-limiting gastroenteritis that typically lasts 24-48 hours. Because of the lack of suitable tissue culture or animal models, the true nature of norovirus pathogenesis remains unknown. We show, for the first time, that noroviruses can infect and replicate in a physiologically relevant 3-dimensional (3-D), organoid model of human small intestinal epithelium. This level of cellular differentiation was achieved by growing the cells on porous collagen-I coated microcarrier beads under conditions of physiological fluid shear in rotating wall vessel bioreactors. Microscopy, PCR, and fluorescent in situ hybridization provided evidence of norovirus infection. Cytopathic effect and norovirus RNA were detected at each of the 5 cell passages for genogroup I and II viruses. Our results demonstrate that the highly differentiated 3-D cell culture model can support the natural growth of human noroviruses, whereas previous attempts that used differentiated monolaver cultures failed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Biol Sci Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Med, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Straub, TM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Biol Sci Grp, POB 999,Mailstop P7-50, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM timothy.straub@pnl.gov NR 35 TC 178 Z9 189 U1 3 U2 23 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2007 VL 13 IS 3 BP 396 EP 403 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 144MQ UT WOS:000244800900005 PM 17552092 ER PT J AU Ehlen, MA Scholand, AJ Stamber, KL AF Ehlen, Mark A. Scholand, Andrew J. Stamber, Kevin L. TI The effects of residential real-time pricing contracts on transco loads, pricing, and profitability: Simulations using the N-ABLE (TM) agent-based model SO ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE real-time pricing; electric power market; market redesign; agent-based model AB An agent-based model is constructed in which a demand aggregator sells both uniform-price and real-time price (RTP) contracts to households as means for adding price elasticity in residential power use sectors, particularly during peak-price hours of the day. Simulations suggest that RTP contracts help a demand aggregator (1) shift its long-term contracts toward off-peak hours, thereby reducing its cost of power and (2) increase its short-run profits if it is one of the first aggregators to have large numbers of RTP contracts; but (3) create susceptibilities to short-term market demand and price volatilities. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Crit Infrastruct Surety Grp, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ehlen, MA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Crit Infrastruct Surety Grp, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM maehlen@sandia.gov; ajschol@sandia.gov; klstamb@sandia.gov NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0140-9883 J9 ENERG ECON JI Energy Econ. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 29 IS 2 BP 211 EP 227 DI 10.1016/j.eneco.2006.03.003 PG 17 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 144MT UT WOS:000244801200006 ER PT J AU Moore, MC Arent, DJ Norland, D AF Moore, Michal C. Arent, Douglas J. Norland, Douglas TI R&D advancement, technology diffusion, and impact on evaluation of public R&D SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE economic-benefits evaluation; market penetration; product innovations ID FUNDED BASIC RESEARCH; INDUSTRIAL-INNOVATION; ACADEMIC RESEARCH AB In a 2001 report titled Energy Research at DOE: Was It Worth It? a National Research Council (NRC) committee defined a set of simplifying rules to estimate the net economic benefits from technologies supported by the Department of Energy (DOE). We evaluate the efficacy of the NRC rules compared to published literature on acceleration of technology introduction into markets, technology diffusion, and infrastructure change. We also offer considerations for revisions of the rules that call for the use of technology and sector-specific data, advanced forecasting techniques, and sensitivity analysis to test the robustness of the methodology. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NREL, Energy Anal Off, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Moore, MC (reprint author), NREL, Energy Anal Off, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM michelle_kubik@nrel.gov NR 25 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD MAR PY 2007 VL 35 IS 3 BP 1464 EP 1473 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2006.03.009 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 145ET UT WOS:000244848800007 ER PT J AU Lewis, JI Wiser, RH AF Lewis, Joanna I. Wiser, Ryan H. TI Fostering a renewable energy technology industry: An international comparison of wind industry policy support mechanisms SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE wind power technology transfer; renewable energy policy; industrial policy ID ELECTRICITY; CHINA; POWER AB This article examines the importance of national and sub-national policies in supporting the development of successful global wind turbine manufacturing companies. We explore the motivations behind establishing a local wind power industry, and the paths that different countries have taken to develop indigenous large wind turbine manufacturing industries within their borders. This is done through a cross-country comparison of the policy support mechanisms that have been employed to directly and indirectly promote wind technology manufacturing in 12 countries. We find that in many instances there is a clear relationship between a manufacturer's success in its home country market and its eventual success in the global wind power market. Whether new wind turbine manufacturing entrants are able to succeed will likely depend in part on the utilization of their turbines in their own domestic market, which in turn will be influenced by the annual size and stability of that market. Consequently, policies that support a sizable, stable market for wind power, in conjunction with policies that specifically provide incentives for wind power technology to be manufactured locally, are most likely to result in the establishment of an internationally competitive wind industry. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pew Ctr Global Climate Change, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lewis, JI (reprint author), Pew Ctr Global Climate Change, 2101 Wilson Blvd,Suite 550, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. EM LewisJ@pewclimate.org NR 48 TC 180 Z9 184 U1 7 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD MAR PY 2007 VL 35 IS 3 BP 1844 EP 1857 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2006.06.005 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 145ET UT WOS:000244848800038 ER PT J AU Johannesson, G Cressie, N Huang, HC AF Johannesson, Gardar Cressie, Noel Huang, Hsin-Cheng TI Dynamic multi-resolution spatial models SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Graybill Conference 2004 CY JUN, 2004 CL Ft Collins, CO DE Bayesian models; change-of-resolution Kalman filter; spatio-temporal prediction; total column ozone; tree-structured model ID SPACE-TIME MODELS; STATIONARY COVARIANCE FUNCTIONS; KALMAN FILTER; METEOROLOGICAL FIELDS; OZONE LEVELS; PREDICTION; LEVEL AB Data from remote-sensing platforms play an important role in monitoring environmental processes, such as the distribution of stratospheric ozone. Remote-sense data are typically spatial, temporal, and massive. Existing prediction methods such as kriging are computationally infeasible. The multi-resolution spatial model (MRSM) captures nonstationary spatial dependence and produces fast optimal estimates using a change-of-resolution Kalman filter. However, past data can provide valuable information about the current status of the process being investigated. In this article, we incorporate the temporal dependence into the process by developing a dynamic MRSM. An application of the dynamic MRSM to a month of daily total column ozone data is presented, and on a given day the results of posterior inference are compared to those for the spatial-only MRSM. It is apparent that there are advantages to using the dynamic MRSM in regions where data are missing, such as when a whole swath of satellite data is missing. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Stat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Stat Sci, Taipei 115, Taiwan. RP Johannesson, G (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM johannesson1@llnl.gov; ncressie@stat.ohio-state.edu; hchuang@stat.sinica.edu.tw RI Cressie, Noel/B-8858-2009; Huang, Hsin-Cheng/H-1743-2011 OI Cressie, Noel/0000-0002-0274-8050; NR 41 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1352-8505 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT JI Environ. Ecol. Stat. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 14 IS 1 BP 5 EP 25 DI 10.1007/s10651-006-0005-9 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 137LN UT WOS:000244294200002 ER PT J AU Wyrobek, AJ Mulvihill, JJ Wassom, JS Malling, HV Shelby, MD Lewis, SE Witt, KL Preston, RJ Perreault, SD Allen, JW DeMarini, DM Woychik, RP Bishop, JB AF Wyrobek, Andrew J. Mulvihill, John J. Wassom, John S. Malling, Heinrich V. Shelby, Michael D. Lewis, Susan E. Witt, Kristine L. Preston, R. Julian Perreault, Sally D. Allen, James W. DeMarini, David M. Woychik, Richard P. Bishop, Jack B. TI Assessing human germ-cell mutagenesis in the postgenome era: A celebration of the legacy of William Lawson (Bill) Russell SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Review DE inherited disease; mutation detection; molecular genetic analysis; human genetic risk ID EPIGENETIC TRANSGENERATIONAL ACTIONS; MINISATELLITE MUTATION-RATE; CHILDHOOD-CANCER SURVIVORS; SIGNATURE SEQUENCING MPSS; INDUCED SPECIFIC-LOCUS; LONG-TERM SURVIVORS; GENE-TOX PROGRAM; CHROMOSOMAL-ABNORMALITIES; ADOLESCENT CANCER; MEIOTIC RECOMBINATION AB Birth defects, de novo genetic diseases, and chromosomal abnormality syndromes occur in similar to 5% of all live births, and affected children suffer from a broad range of lifelong health consequences. Despite the social and medical impact of these defects, and the 8 decades of research in animal systems that have identified numerous germ-cell mutagens, no human germ-cell mutagen has been confirmed to date. There is now a growing consensus that the inability to detect human germ-cell mutagens is due to technological limitations in the detection of random mutations rather than biological differences between animal and human susceptibility. A multidisciplinary workshop responding to this challenge convened at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine. The purpose of the workshop was to assess the applicability of an emerging repertoire of genomic technologies to studies of human germ-cell mutagenesis. Workshop participants recommended large-scale human germ-cell mutation studies be conducted using samples from donors with high-dose exposures, such as cancer survivors. Within this high-risk cohort, parents and children could be evaluated for heritable changes in (a) DNA sequence and chromosomal structure, (b) repeat sequences and minisatellites, and (c) global gene expression profiles and pathways. Participants also advocated the establishment of a bio-bank of human tissue samples from donors with well-characterized exposure, including medical and reproductive histories. This mutational resource could support large-scale, multiple-endpoint studies. Additional studies could involve the examination of transgenerational effects associated with changes in imprinting and methylation patterns, nucleotide repeats, and mitochondrial DNA mutations. The further development of animal models and the integration of these with human studies are necessary to provide molecular insights into the mechanisms of germ-cell mutations and to identify prevention strategies. Furthermore, scientific specialty groups should be convened to review and prioritize the evidence for germ-cell mutagenicity from common environmental, occupational, medical, and lifestyle exposures. Workshop attendees agreed on the need for a full-scale assault to address key fundamental questions in human germ-cell environmental mutagenesis. These include, but are not limited to, the following: Do human germ-cell mutagens exist? What are the risks to future generations? Are some parents at higher risk than others for acquiring and transmitting germ-cell mutations? Obtaining answers to these, and other critical questions, will require strong support from relevant funding agencies, in addition to the engagement of scientists outside the fields of genomics and germ-cell mutagenesis. C1 NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK USA. YAHSGS LLC, Richland, WA USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Jackson Lab, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. RP Bishop, JB (reprint author), NIEHS, POB 12233,EC-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM bishop@niehs.nih.gov OI Dubrova, Yuri/0000-0001-5281-7539; Marchetti, Francesco/0000-0002-9435-4867 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 ES999999]; NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA104666, R01 CA104666-03]; NICHD NIH HHS [R13 HD040151, R01 HD040151, R13 HD048151, R13 HD048151-01] NR 105 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 48 IS 2 BP 71 EP 95 DI 10.1002/em.20284 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 142MF UT WOS:000244653300001 PM 17295306 ER PT J AU Elliott, S Chu, SP Erickson, D AF Elliott, Scott Chu, Shaoping Erickson, David TI Contours of simulated marine dimethyl sulfide distributions under variation in a Gabric mechanism SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Community Climate System Model; ocean; dimethyl sulfide; optimization; sulfur package; microbial ecology; bimolecular kinetics; photochemistry; cell disruption ID OCEAN; CLIMATE; SULFUR; PHYTOPLANKTON; MODELS; CARBON; BLOOM; SEA AB Biogeochemical tracer bins and transformations from an established reduced sulfur cycle mechanism were introduced into the oceanic component of the Community Climate System Model. The resulting global dimethyl sulfide simulation framework was then subjected to variation in plant cell precursor content and the kinetic form of removal terms. Chi square type merit minima were computed analytically along a release rate axis over global, low latitude and localized domains. A band of width 60 degrees centered on the equator proved to be the most effective optimization area because it greatly exceeded resolution of the validation data set but avoided fronts where the driver ecodynamics module overpredicts chlorophyll. Loss terms involving bacterial consumption formulated as bimolecular kinetics and photochemical decay sensitized by dissolved organic matter independently provided superior agreement with data by modulating peaks along the equatorial divergence. Factor of ten reductions in the sulfur precursor content of diatoms or small noncalcite secretors respectively flattened and exaggerated the same features, but intermediate compositions were not tested. The parameter suite of constant intracellular sulfur, second order osmotrophy (microbial uptake) and photochemistry set proportional to photosynthetic radiation is recommended and packaged as a startup mechanism. This particular combination optimizes large-scale reduced sulfur fields across well-understood ecosystems while simultaneously maintaining parsimony. Visualizations from the inverse procedure are offered for multiple mechanisms, as mappings of both normalized deviation and concentration. The value of the rate constant for injection from plant and animal material was often determined to be of the order weeks, consistent with emission via grazing or aging/mortality. Refinement of the model will require linkage to the ecological flows associated with cell disruption, accounting of elemental metabolic stresses which in part govern reduced sulfur storage, addition of true microbial ecology, further studies of open ocean sulfur photochemistry and longer duration/more detailed optimization exercises. A stepwise strategy is outlined for moving through this task list. In next-generation experiments it may prove expedient to fix sulfur content ratios within taxonomic classes while varying the maximum cell content. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, COSIM Team, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Dynam Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Elliott, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, COSIM Team, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sme@lanl.gov NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 3 BP 349 EP 358 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2005.11.006 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 116AG UT WOS:000242774300009 ER PT J AU Thrash, JC Van Trump, JI Weber, KA Miller, E Achenbach, LA Coates, JD AF Thrash, J. Cameron Van Trump, J. Ian Weber, Karrie A. Miller, Elisabeth Achenbach, Laurie A. Coates, John D. TI Electrochemical stimulation of microbial perchlorate reduction SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID (PER)CHLORATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; NITRATE REDUCTION; ELECTRON-DONOR; DRINKING-WATER; DECHLOROMONAS; ELECTRICITY; REACTOR; GROWTH AB As part of our studies into the diversity of dissimilatory perchlorate reducing bacteria (DPRB) we investigated the reduction of perchlorate in the cathodic chamber of a bioelectrical reactor (BER). Our results demonstrated that washed cells of Dechloromonas and Azospira species readily reduced 90 mg L-1 perchlorate in the BER with 2,6-anthraquinone disulfonate (AQDS) as a mediator. No perchlorate was reduced in the absence of cells or AQDS, or in an open-circuit control. Similar results were observed when a natural microbial community was inoculated into a fed-batch BER. After 70 days of operation, a novel DPRB, strain VDY, was isolated which readily reduced perchlorate in a mediatorless BER. Continuous up-flow BERs (UFBERs) were seeded with active cultures of strain VDY, and perchlorate at a volumetric loading of 60 mg L-1 day(-1) was successfully removed. Gas phase analysis indicated that low levels of H-2 produced at the cathode surface through electrolysis may mediate this metabolism. The results of these studies demonstrate that biological perchlorate remediation can be facilitated through the use of a cathode as the primary electron donor, and that continuous treatment in such a system approaches current industry standards. This has important implications for the continuous treatment of this critical contaminant in industrial waste streams and drinking water. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Microbiol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Coates, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jcoates@nature.berkeley.edu OI Thrash, Cameron/0000-0003-0896-9986 NR 43 TC 110 Z9 123 U1 9 U2 75 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1740 EP 1746 DI 10.1021/es062772m PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 139XZ UT WOS:000244467500046 PM 17396669 ER PT J AU Neville, SM Leita, BA Offermann, DA Duriska, MB Moubaraki, B Chapman, KW Halder, GJ Murray, KS AF Neville, Suzanne M. Leita, Ben A. Offermann, Daniel A. Duriska, Martin B. Moubaraki, Boujemaa Chapman, Karena W. Halder, Gregory J. Murray, Keith S. TI Spin-crossover studies on a series of 1D chain and dinuclear iron(II) triazine-dipyridylamine compounds SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE iron; N ligands; spin crossover; 1D chains; dinuclear; magnetic properties ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR MATERIALS; HS-HS; TRANSITION; COMPLEXES; NETWORKS; ISOMERISM; SYSTEMS; MEMORY AB Four isostructural one-dimensional polymeric iron(II) spin crossover materials containing the ligand 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dipyrid-2-ylamino)-1,3,5-triazine (cddt) have been synthesised and magnetically and structurally characterised. The polymeric material Fe(NCS)(2)(cddt)center dot n(guest) (1), self assembles into three crystallographically distinct phases; the compounds 1b and 1c, [Fe(NCS)(2)(cddt)]center dot 2(CH3OH), are polymorphs, however, 1a, [Fe(NCS)(2)(cddt)]center dot 1/2(CHCl3)center dot(H2O) contains a different solvent system. Each phase shows very different magnetic behaviour; phases 1a and 1b remain high spin over all temperatures, whilst phase 1c undergoes a "half" spin crossover between 225 and 125 K. The structural consequences of the spin transition in 1c have been followed using variable temperature synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction techniques. Variation of the chalcogenide ligand in the complex [Fe(NCSe)(2)(cddt)]center dot 2(CH3OH), 2, leads to a full one-step spin crossover with a T-1/2 of 200 K. Structural analysis of 1c below the transition temperature reveals alternating, crystallographically distinct, HS and LS iron(II) centres (HS: high spin, LS: low spin) along the chain, and structural analysis of 2 below the transition temperature reveals all LS iron(II) centres. Also reported are the structural characterisations of two dinuclear materials, containing the ligand 2,4,6-tris(dipyridin-2-ylamino)-1,3,5-triazine (tdt), of the formula [Fe(tdt) (X)(2)](2)center dot(ClO4)center dot(solvent) (X = H2O, Cl- for 3a, 3b) which are analogous to those recently reported by Gamez et al. In addition, the structural characterisations are described for dinuclear materials, containing the ligand cddt, of the formula [Fe(cddt)(Cl)(X)(2)center dot(Y)(2)center dot n(solvent) (X: H2O or NCCH3, Y: ClO4-, BF4- 4a, 4b and 4d) and for a cobalt(II) analogue, [Co(cddt)(Cl)(H2O)](2)center dot(BF4)(2)center dot n(solvent) (4c). (c) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007. C1 Monash Univ, Sch Chem, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Murray, KS (reprint author), Monash Univ, Sch Chem, Bldg 23, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM keith.murray@sci.monash.edu.au RI Chapman, Karena/G-5424-2012; neville, suzanne/B-4531-2013; Halder, Gregory/C-5357-2013; neville, suzanne/B-2254-2016 OI neville, suzanne/0000-0003-4237-4046; NR 40 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1434-1948 EI 1099-0682 J9 EUR J INORG CHEM JI Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. PD MAR PY 2007 IS 8 BP 1073 EP 1085 DI 10.1002/ejic.200601034 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 152MB UT WOS:000245365000003 ER PT J AU Kavatsyuk, O Mazzocchi, C Janas, Z Banu, A Batist, L Becker, F Blazhev, A Bruchle, W Doring, J Faestermann, T Gorska, M Grawe, H Jungclaus, A Karny, M Kavatsyuk, M Klepper, O Kirchner, R La Commara, M Miernik, K Mukha, I Plettner, C Plochocki, A Roeckl, E Romoli, M Rykaczewski, K Schadel, M Schmidt, K Schwengner, R Zylicz, J AF Kavatsyuk, O. Mazzocchi, C. Janas, Z. Banu, A. Batist, L. Becker, F. Blazhev, A. Bruechle, W. Doering, J. Faestermann, T. Gorska, M. Grawe, H. Jungclaus, A. Karny, M. Kavatsyuk, M. Klepper, O. Kirchner, R. La Commara, M. Miernik, K. Mukha, I. Plettner, C. Plochocki, A. Roeckl, E. Romoli, M. Rykaczewski, K. Schaedel, M. Schmidt, K. Schwengner, R. Zylicz, J. TI Beta decay of Sn-101 SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID NUCLEI; SYSTEMS; AG-94; MODEL AB The beta decay of the very neutron-deficient isotope Sn-101 was studied at the GSI on-line mass separator using silicon detectors for recording charged particles and germanium detectors for gamma-ray spectroscopy. Based on the beta-delayed proton data the production cross-section of 101Sn in the 5 Cr-50+ Ni-58 fusion-evaporation reaction was determined to be about 60 nb. The half-life of (101) Sn was measured to be 1.9(3) s. For the first time beta-delayed gamma-rays of Sn-101 were tentatively identified, yielding weak evidence for a cascade of 352 and 1065 keV transitions in In-101. The results for the Sn-101 decay as well as those from previous work on the Sn-103 decay are discussed by comparing them, to predictions obtained from shell model calculations employing a new interaction in the Sr-88 to Sn-132 model space. C1 Gesell Schwerionenforsch Inst Darmstadt, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Natl Taras Shevchenko Univ, Kiev, Ukraine. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. Warsaw Univ, Warsaw, Poland. St Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Sofia, BU-1126 Sofia, Bulgaria. Tech Univ Munich, D-8000 Munich, Germany. CSIC, Inst Estructura Mat, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. UAM, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. Univ Naples Federico 2, Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80125 Naples, Italy. IV Kurchatov Atom Energy Inst, Moscow 123182, Russia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Continental Teves AG & Co, Frankfurt, Germany. Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Kern & Hadronenphys, Dresden, Germany. RP Kavatsyuk, O (reprint author), Gesell Schwerionenforsch Inst Darmstadt, Planckstr 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. EM O.Kavatsyuk@gsi.de; E.Roeckl@gsi.de RI Kavatsyuk, Myroslav/K-3159-2013; OI Mukha, Ivan/0000-0003-3072-5670 NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD MAR PY 2007 VL 31 IS 3 BP 319 EP 325 DI 10.1140/epja/i2006-10217-3 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 162CX UT WOS:000246065500006 ER PT J AU Goity, JL Scoccola, NN AF Goity, J. L. Scoccola, N. N. TI Decays of excited baryons in the large-N-c expansion of QCD SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Quarks and Nuclear Physics CY JUN 05-10, 2006 CL Madrid, SPAIN ID MASSES AB We present the analysis of the decay widths of excited baryons in the framework of the 1/N-c expansion of QCD. These studies are performed up to order 1/N-c and include both positive- and negative-parity excited baryons. C1 Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. TJNAF, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Dept Phys, RA-1429 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Favaloro, RA-1078 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Goity, JL (reprint author), Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. EM scoccola@tandar.cnea.gov.ar NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 EI 1434-601X J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD MAR PY 2007 VL 31 IS 4 BP 506 EP 508 DI 10.1140/epja/i2006-10180-y PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 156RR UT WOS:000245667300024 ER PT J AU Saghai, B David, JC Julia-Diaz, B Lee, TS AF Saghai, B. David, J. -C. Julia-Diaz, B. Lee, T. -S. H. TI Search for missing baryon resonances via associated strangeness photoproduction SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Quarks and Nuclear Physics CY JUN 05-10, 2006 CL Madrid, SPAIN ID S-11 RESONANCES; PHOTON ENERGIES; QUARK-MODEL; SIGMA(0); LAMBDA; SCATTERING; GAMMA; ETA; K+; PI AB Differential cross-section and single polarization observables in the process gamma p -> K+ Lambda are investigated within a constituent-quark model and a dynamical coupled-channel formalism. The effects of two new nucleon resonances and of the K*(892)- and K1(1270)-exchanges are briefly presented. C1 CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, SPhN, Lab Rech Lois Fondamentales Univers, Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Saghai, B (reprint author), CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, SPhN, Lab Rech Lois Fondamentales Univers, Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM bijan.saghai@cea.fr RI Julia-Diaz, Bruno/E-5825-2010; OI Julia-Diaz, Bruno/0000-0002-0145-6734; Saghai, Bijan/0000-0002-9406-4843 NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 EI 1434-601X J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD MAR PY 2007 VL 31 IS 4 BP 512 EP 514 DI 10.1140/epja/i2006-10226-2 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 156RR UT WOS:000245667300026 ER PT J AU Reimer, PE AF Reimer, P. E. TI Opportunities with Drell-Yan scattering: Probing sea quarks in the nucleon and nuclei SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Quarks and Nuclear Physics CY JUN 05-10, 2006 CL Madrid, SPAIN ID INELASTIC LEPTON SCATTERING; ASYMMETRY; BREAKING; PIONS; RATIO; SUM AB The large (d) over bar (x)/(u) over bar (x) ratio observed by Fermilab E866/NuSea convincingly demonstrated that the sea is not simply a result of pQCD. Moreover, meson cloud models also failed to explain fully the observed kinematic dependence. The Drell-Yan mechanism offers a unique, selective probe of antiquarks in the nucleon. Fermilab has approved a new Drell-Yan experiment, E906, that will exploit this feature to probe (d) over bar (x)/(u) over bar (x) by measuring the ratio of cross-sections for the proton-induced Drell-Yan process on hydrogen to deuterium. When the nucleon is contained in a nucleus, the nucleon's parton distributions should to be modified; although this effect was not seen in the sea quark distributions obtained by Fermilab E772 with Drell-Yan scattering. The upcoming E906 Drell-Yan experiment will provide much more precise measurements over a wider kinematic range in order to guide and challenge the theoretical models. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Reimer, PE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM reimer@anl.gov RI Reimer, Paul/E-2223-2013 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD MAR PY 2007 VL 31 IS 4 BP 593 EP 596 DI 10.1140/epja/i2006-10196-3 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 156RR UT WOS:000245667300045 ER PT J AU Aniol, KA AF Aniol, K. A. CA HAPPEX Collaboration TI Strange quarks in the nucleon sea - Results from HAPPEX II SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Quarks and Nuclear Physics CY JUN 05-10, 2006 CL Madrid, SPAIN AB The HAPPEX Collaboration measured parity-violating electron scattering from He-4(e, e) and H(e, e) in 2004 and 2005 for Q(2) <= 0.11GeV(2). Results for the strange-quark contributions to the electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon from the 2004 data will be reviewed. Preliminary results from the 2005 data, which have significantly greater statistical precision, are G(E)(s) = 0.004 +/- 0.014(stat) +/- 0.013(syst) for Q(2) = 0.0772 GeV2 from the helium data and G(E)(s) + 0.088G(M)(s) = 0.004 +/- 0.011(stat)+/- 0.005(syst)+/- 0.004(FF) for Q(2) = 0.1089 GeV2 from the hydrogen data. C1 Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Aniol, KA (reprint author), Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. EM kaniol@calstatela.edu NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD MAR PY 2007 VL 31 IS 4 BP 597 EP 599 DI 10.1140/epja/i2006-10207-5 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 156RR UT WOS:000245667300046 ER PT J AU Tsushima, K Saito, K Thomas, AW Valcarce, A AF Tsushima, K. Saito, K. Thomas, A. W. Valcarce, A. TI Nucleon sigma term and quark condensate in nuclear matter SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Quarks and Nuclear Physics CY JUN 05-10, 2006 CL Madrid, SPAIN ID FINITE NUCLEI; LONGITUDINAL RESPONSE; MATRIX-ELEMENTS; MODEL; LAGRANGIANS; SCATTERING; CURRENTS; SPIN AB We study the bound-nucleon sigma term and the quark condensate in nuclear matter. In the quark-meson coupling (QMC) model the nuclear correction to the sigma term is small and negative, i.e., it decelerates the decrease of the quark condensate in nuclear matter. However, the quark condensate in nuclear matter is controlled primarily by the scalar-isoscalar sigma field. Compared to the leading term, it moderates the decrease more than that of the nuclear sigma term alone at densities around and larger than the normal nuclear-matter density. C1 Univ Salamanca, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain. Tokyo Univ Sci, Noda, Chiba 2788510, Japan. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Tsushima, K (reprint author), Univ Salamanca, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain. EM tsushima@usal.es RI Thomas, Anthony/G-4194-2012; Valcarce, Alfredo/N-7682-2013 OI Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X; Valcarce, Alfredo/0000-0002-6514-940X NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD MAR PY 2007 VL 31 IS 4 BP 626 EP 629 DI 10.1140/epja/i2006-10179-4 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 156RR UT WOS:000245667300054 ER PT J AU Bhagwat, MS Krassnigg, A Maris, P Roberts, CD AF Bhagwat, M. S. Krassnigg, A. Maris, P. Roberts, C. D. TI Mind the gap SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Quarks and Nuclear Physics CY JUN 05-10, 2006 CL Madrid, SPAIN ID ELECTROMAGNETIC FORM-FACTORS; CHIRAL-SYMMETRY BREAKING; VECTOR CURRENT HYPOTHESIS; QUARK-MODEL; DECAY CONSTANT; MESONS; PION; QCD; NUCLEON; HEAVY AB In this summary of the application of Dyson-Schwinger equations to the theory and phenomenology of hadrons, some deductions following from a nonperturbative, symmetry-preserving truncation are highlighted, notable amongst which are results for pseudoscalar mesons. We also describe inferences from the gap equation relating to the radius of convergence of a chiral expansion, applications to heavy-light and heavy-heavy mesons, and quantitative estimates of the contribution of quark orbital angular momentum in pseudoscalar mesons; and recapitulate upon studies of nucleon electromagnetic form factors. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Graz Univ, Fachbereich Theoret Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Bhagwat, MS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM cdroberts@anl.gov OI Roberts, Craig/0000-0002-2937-1361 NR 56 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD MAR PY 2007 VL 31 IS 4 BP 630 EP 637 DI 10.1140/epja/i2006-10271-9 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 156RR UT WOS:000245667300055 ER PT J AU Brodsky, SJ AF Brodsky, S. J. TI Hadron spectroscopy and structure from AdS/CFT SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Quarks and Nuclear Physics CY JUN 05-10, 2006 CL Madrid, SPAIN ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; FINAL-STATE INTERACTIONS; SINGLE-SPIN ASYMMETRIES; PERTURBATIVE QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; WAVE-FUNCTION REPRESENTATION; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; EXCLUSIVE PROCESSES; FORM-FACTOR; DRELL-YAN; QCD AB The AdS/CFT correspondence between conformal field theory and string states in an extended space-time has provided new insights into not only hadron spectra, but also their light-front wave functions. We show that there is an exact correspondence between the fifth-dimensional coordinate of anti-de Sitter space z and a specific impact variable zeta which measures the separation of the constituents within the hadron in ordinary space-time. This connection allows one to predict the form of the light-front wave functions of mesons and baryons, the fundamental entities which encode hadron properties and scattering amplitudes. A new relativistic Schrodinger light-front equation is found which reproduces the results obtained using the fifth-dimensional theory. Since they are complete and orthonormal, the AdS/CFT model wave functions can be used as an initial ansatz for a variational treatment or as a basis for the diagonalization of the light-front QCD Hamiltonian. A number of applications of light-front wave functions are also discussed. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Brodsky, SJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM sjbth@slac.stanford.edu NR 69 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 EI 1434-601X J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD MAR PY 2007 VL 31 IS 4 BP 638 EP 644 DI 10.1140/epja/i2006-10221-7 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 156RR UT WOS:000245667300056 ER PT J AU Aoki, S Bar, O AF Aoki, S. Baer, O. TI WChPT analysis of twisted mass lattice data SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Quarks and Nuclear Physics CY JUN 05-10, 2006 CL Madrid, SPAIN ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; QCD AB We perform a Wilson Chiral Perturbation Theory (WChPT) analysis of quenched twisted mass lattice data. The data were generated by two independent groups with three different choices for the critical mass. For one choice, the so-called pion mass definition, one observes a strong curvature for small quark masses in various mesonic observables ("bending phenomenon"). Performing a combined fit to the next-to-leading (NLO) expressions, we find that WChPT describes the data very well and the fits provide very reasonable values for the low-energy parameters. C1 Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Pure & Appl Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. RP Aoki, S (reprint author), Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Pure & Appl Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. EM obaer@physik.hu-berlin.de OI Baer, Oliver/0000-0002-7480-6467 NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD MAR PY 2007 VL 31 IS 4 BP 781 EP 783 DI 10.1140/epja/i2006-10202-x PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 156RR UT WOS:000245667300091 ER PT J AU Orginos, K AF Orginos, K. TI Lattice QCD and nuclear physics - Computations of hadron-hadron scattering SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Quarks and Nuclear Physics CY JUN 05-10, 2006 CL Madrid, SPAIN ID QUANTUM-FIELD THEORIES; CHIRAL LAGRANGIANS; VOLUME DEPENDENCE; ENERGY-SPECTRUM; FORCES; QUARKS; FERMIONS; LENGTHS; STATES AB A steady stream of developments in lattice QCD have made it possible today to begin to address the question of how nuclear physics emerges from the underlying theory of strong interactions. A central role in this understanding play both the effective-field theory description of nuclear forces and the ability to perform accurate non-perturbative calculations in low-energy QCD. Here I present some recent results that attempt to extract important low-energy constants of the effective-field theory of nuclear forces from lattice QCD. C1 Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Orginos, K (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. EM kostas@wm.edu NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD MAR PY 2007 VL 31 IS 4 BP 799 EP 803 DI 10.1140/epja/i2006-10267-5 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 156RR UT WOS:000245667300096 ER PT J AU Mitchell, JT AF Mitchell, J. T. CA PHENIX Collaboration TI Scaling properties of fluctuation results from the PHENIX experiment at RHIC SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Quarks and Nuclear Physics CY JUN 05-10, 2006 CL Madrid, SPAIN ID COLLISIONS AB The PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) has made measurements of event-by-event fluctuations in the charged-particle multiplicity as a function of collision energy, centrality, collision species, and transverse momentum in several heavy-ion collision systems. It is observed that the fluctuations in terms of sigma(2)/mu(2) exhibit a universal power law scaling as a function of N-participants that is independent of the transverse momentum range of the measurement. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Mitchell, JT (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, POB 5000,Bldg 510C, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM mitchell@bnl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD MAR PY 2007 VL 31 IS 4 BP 851 EP 853 DI 10.1140/epja/i2006-10259-5 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 156RR UT WOS:000245667300107 ER PT J AU Leitch, MJ AF Leitch, M. J. TI Latest results on the hot dense partonic matter at RHIC SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Quarks and Nuclear Physics CY JUN 05-10, 2006 CL Madrid, SPAIN ID GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; HEAVY FLAVOR PRODUCTION; J/PSI SUPPRESSION; ROOT-S-NN=200 GEV; LARGE NUCLEI; COLLISIONS; QUARK; AU+AU AB At the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) collisions of heavy ions at nucleon-nucleon energies of 200GeV appear to have created a new form of matter thought to be a deconfined state of the partons that ordinarily are bound in nucleons. We discuss the evidence that a thermalized partonic medium, usually called a Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), has been produced. Then, we discuss the effect of this high-density medium on the production of jets and their pair correlations. Next, we look at direct photons as a clean electro-magnetic probe to constrain the initial hard scatterings. Finally, we review the developing picture for the effect of this medium on the production of open heavy quarks and on the screening by the QGP of heavy-quark bound states. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Leitch, MJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM leitch@bnl.gov NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD MAR PY 2007 VL 31 IS 4 BP 868 EP 874 DI 10.1140/epja/i2006-10240-4 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 156RR UT WOS:000245667300111 ER PT J AU Bakermans, C Tollaksen, SL Giometti, CS Wilkerson, C Tiedje, JM Thomashow, MF AF Bakermans, Corien Tollaksen, Sandra L. Giometti, Carol S. Wilkerson, Curtis Tiedje, James M. Thomashow, Michael F. TI Proteomic analysis of Psychrobacter cryohalolentis K5 during growth at subzero temperatures SO EXTREMOPHILES LA English DT Article DE psychrophiles; proteome; low-temperature; psychrobacter; cold acclimation ID COLD-ACCLIMATION PROTEINS; ARTHROBACTER-GLOBIFORMIS SI55; GENERAL STRESS PROTEIN; BACILLUS-CEREUS GROUP; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PSYCHROTROPHIC BACTERIUM; SHOCK RESPONSE; PSYCHROPHILIC BACTERIUM; SIBERIAN PERMAFROST; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS AB It is crucial to examine the physiological processes of psychrophiles at temperatures below 4 degrees C, particularly to facilitate extrapolation of laboratory results to in situ activity. Using two dimensional electrophoresis, we examined patterns of protein abundance during growth at 16, 4, and -4 degrees C of the eurypsychrophile Psychrobacter cryohalolentis K5 and report the first identification of cold inducible proteins (CIPs) present during growth at subzero temperatures. Growth temperature substantially reprogrammed the proteome; the relative abundance of 303 of the 618 protein spots detected (similar to 31% of the proteins at each growth temperature) varied significantly with temperature. Five CIPs were detected specifically at -4 inverted perpendicular degrees C; their identities (AtpF, EF-Ts, TolC, Pcryo_1988, and FecA) suggested specific stress on energy production, protein synthesis, and transport during growth at subzero temperatures. The need for continual relief of low-temperature stress on these cellular processes was confirmed via identification of 22 additional CIPs whose abundance increased during growth at -4 degrees C (relative to higher temperatures). Our data suggested that iron may be limiting during growth at subzero temperatures and that a cold-adapted allele was employed at -4 degrees C for transport of iron. In summary, these data suggest that low-temperature stresses continue to intensify as growth temperatures decrease to -4 degrees C. C1 Michigan State Univ, Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Michigan State Univ, Res Technol Support Facil, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Bakermans, C (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Ctr Microbial Ecol, 540 Plant & Soil Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM bakerm16@msu.edu NR 69 TC 29 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 1431-0651 J9 EXTREMOPHILES JI Extremophiles PD MAR PY 2007 VL 11 IS 2 BP 343 EP 354 DI 10.1007/s00792-006-0042-1 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 138BB UT WOS:000244336400015 PM 17123128 ER PT J AU Prime, MB AF Prime, Michael B. TI Editorial for special issue on residual stress in fatigue & fracture SO FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Prime, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM prime@lanl.gov OI Prime, Michael/0000-0002-4098-5620 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 8756-758X J9 FATIGUE FRACT ENG M JI Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 30 IS 3 BP 172 EP 172 DI 10.1111/j.1460-2695.2007.01119.x PG 1 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 145SF UT WOS:000244884100002 ER PT J AU Schimel, D Hargrove, W Hoffman, F MacMahon, J AF Schimel, David Hargrove, William Hoffman, Forrest MacMahon, James TI NEON: a hierarchically designed national ecological network SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NEON Inc, Boulder, CO USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Asheville, NC USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Schimel, D (reprint author), NEON Inc, Boulder, CO USA. RI Hoffman, Forrest/B-8667-2012 OI Hoffman, Forrest/0000-0001-5802-4134 NR 0 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 5 IS 2 BP 59 EP 59 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[59:NAHDNE]2.0.CO;2 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 142LL UT WOS:000244651300001 ER PT J AU Klinger, T Dale, V Sherman, M McKinney, M Campbell, JY Gold, B AF Klinger, Terrie Dale, Virginia Sherman, Marlon McKinney, Matthew Campbell, Jeffrey Y. Gold, Barry TI The promise and the challenge of cooperative conservation SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Washington, Sch Marine Affairs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Klinger, T (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Marine Affairs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Dale, Virginia/B-6023-2009 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 5 IS 2 BP 97 EP 103 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 142LL UT WOS:000244651300022 ER PT J AU Smith, CD Edgar, RC Yandell, MD Smith, DR Celniker, SE Myers, EW Karpen, GH AF Smith, Christopher D. Edgar, Robert C. Yandell, Mark D. Smith, Douglas R. Celniker, Susan E. Myers, Eugene W. Karpen, Gary H. TI Improved repeat identification and masking in Dipterans SO GENE LA English DT Article DE heterochromatin; Drosophila; A. gambiae; PILER; transposable element; RepeatRunner ID TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; INVERTED-REPEAT; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; GENOME EVOLUTION; MOBILE ELEMENTS; GENE STRUCTURES; DNA-SEQUENCES; FAMILIES; MOSQUITO; EXONS AB Repetitive sequences are a major constituent of many eukaryote genomes and play roles in gene regulation, chromosome inheritance, nuclear architecture, and genome stability. The identification of repetitive elements has traditionally relied on in-depth, manual curation and computational determination of close relatives based on DNA identity. However, the rapid divergence of repetitive sequence has made identification of repeats by DNA identity difficult even in closely related species. Hence, the presence of unidentified repeats in genome sequences affects the quality of gene annotations and annotation-dependent analyses (e.g. microarray analyses). We have developed an enhanced repeat identification pipeline using two approaches. First, the de novo repeat finding program PILER-DF was used to identify interspersed repetitive elements in several recently finished Dipteran genomes. Repeats were classified, when possible, according to their similarity to known elements described in Repbase and GenBank, and also screened against annotated genes as one means of eliminating false positives. Second, we used a new program called RepeatRunner, which integrates results from both RepeatMasker nucleotide searches and protein searches using BLASTX. Using RepeatRunner with PILER-DF predictions, we masked repeats in thirteen Dipteran genomes and conclude that combining PILER-DF and RepeatRunner greatly enhances repeat identification in both well-characterized and un-annotated genomes. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Drosophila Heterochromatin Genome Project, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. Univ Utah, Eccles Inst Human Genet, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Agencourt Biosci Corp, Beverly, MA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Ashburn, VA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Smith, CD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Drosophila Heterochromatin Genome Project, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 64-121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cdsmith@fruitfly.org; bob@drive5.com FU NHGRI NIH HHS [HG000747, R01 HG000747] NR 49 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 389 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.gene.2006.09.011 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 136OT UT WOS:000244234700001 PM 17137733 ER PT J AU Gist, DH Bradshaw, S Morrow, CMK Congdon, JD Hess, RA AF Gist, Daniel H. Bradshaw, Suzanne Morrow, Carla M. K. Congdon, Justin D. Hess, Rex A. TI Estrogen response system in the reproductive tract of the male turtle: An immunocytochemical study SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE testis; excurrent ducts; aromatase; ER alpha; ERP; turtle ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; PODARCIS-S.-SICULA; RECEPTOR-ALPHA; STEROIDOGENIC ENZYMES; CHRYSEMYS-PICTA; TESTIS; CELLS; EXPRESSION; BETA; SPERMATOGENESIS AB Portions of the reproductive tract of the male (Trachemys scripta) turtle were examined by immunocytochemistry for evidence of the capacity to produce and respond to estrogen hormones (via the expression of P450 aromatase and estrogen receptors). Aromatase was detected in both the Sertoli and Leydig cells of the testis and was expressed at different levels during the spemiatogenic cycle, being highest in the quiescent testis and lowest during germ cell meiosis. ER alpha was found in the Leydig cells surrounding the seminiferous tubules as well as in the epithelial cells of the excurrent canals (rete testis, efferent ductule, and epididymis). ER beta immunoreactivity was found in both the spermatogonia and Sertoli cells in the testis, and in the epithelial cells of excurrent canals. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol, Raymond Walters Coll, Cincinnati, OH 45236 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Biosci, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. RP Gist, DH (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM daniel.gist@uc.edu NR 31 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 151 IS 1 BP 27 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2006.06.012 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 140VS UT WOS:000244535400002 PM 16935286 ER PT J AU Quinones-Coello, AT Petrella, LN Ayers, K Melillo, A Mazzalupo, S Hudson, AM Wang, S Castiblanco, C Buszczak, M Hoskins, RA Cooley, L AF Quinones-Coello, Ana T. Petrella, Lisa N. Ayers, Kathleen Melillo, Anthony Mazzalupo, Stacy Hudson, Andrew M. Wang, Shu Castiblanco, Claudia Buszczak, Michael Hoskins, Roger A. Cooley, Lynn TI Exploring strategies for protein trapping in Drosophila SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPMENTALLY REGULATED GENES; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; P-TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; ENHANCER DETECTION; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; DISRUPTION PROJECT; GENOME PROJECT; MELANOGASTER; INSERTIONS AB The use of fluorescent protein tags has had a huge impact on cell biological studies in virtually every experimental system. Incorporation of coding sequence for fluorescent proteins such as green fluorescent protein (GFP) into genes at their endogenous chromosomal position is especially useful for generating GFP-fusion proteins that provide accurate cellular and subcellular expression data. We tested modifications of a transposon-based protein trap screening procedure in Drosophila to optimize the rate of recovering useful protein traps and their analysis. Transposons carrying the GFP-coding sequence flanked by splice acceptor and donor sequences were mobilized, and new insertions that resulted in production of GFP were captured using an automated embryo sorter. Individual stocks were established, GFP expression was analyzed during oogenesis, and insertion sites were determined by sequencing genomic DNA flanking the insertions. The resulting collection includes lines with protein traps in which GFP was spliced into mRNAs and embedded within endogenous proteins or enhancer traps in which GFP expression depended on splicing into transposon-derived RNA. We report a total of 335 genes associated with protein or enhancer traps and a web-accessible database for viewing molecular information and expression data for these genes. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Embryol, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Dept Genome Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cooley, L (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, 333 Cedar St,POB 208005, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM lynn.cooley@yale.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [S10 RR016749, RR16749]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM043301, GM067858, R01 GM043301, R01 GM067858] NR 51 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 6 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD MAR PY 2007 VL 175 IS 3 BP 1089 EP 1104 DI 10.1534/genetics.106.065995 PG 16 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 155PO UT WOS:000245590600011 PM 17179094 ER PT J AU Buszczak, M Paterno, S Lighthouse, D Bachman, J Planck, J Owen, S Skora, AD Nystul, TG Ohlstein, B Allen, A Wilhelm, JE Murphy, TD Levis, RW Matunis, E Srivali, N Hoskins, RA Spradling, AC AF Buszczak, Michael Paterno, Shelley Lighthouse, Daniel Bachman, Julia Planck, Jamie Owen, Stephenie Skora, Andrew D. Nystul, Todd G. Ohlstein, Benjamin Allen, Anna Wilhelm, James E. Murphy, Terence D. Levis, Robert W. Matunis, Erika Srivali, Nahathai Hoskins, Roger A. Spradling, Allan C. TI The Carnegie protein trap library: A versatile tool for Drosophila developmental studies SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; GENE DISRUPTION PROJECT; LOCALIZATION; MELANOGASTER; PIGGYBAC; INSERTIONS; TRANSFORMATION; MECHANISMS; EXPRESSION; MEMBRANE AB Metazoan physiology depends on intricate patterns of gene expression that remain poorly known. Using transposon mutagenesis in Drosophila, we constructed a library of 7404 protein trap and enhancer trap lines, the Carnegie collection, to facilitate gene expression mapping at single-cell resolution. By sequencing the genomic insertion sites, determining splicing patterns downstream of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) exon, and analyzing expression patterns in the ovary and salivary gland, we found that 600-900 different genes are trapped in our collection. A core set of 244 lines trapped different identifiable protein isoforms, while insertions likely to act as GFP-enhancer traps were found in 256 additional genes. At least 8 novel genes were also identified. Our results demonstrate that the Carnegie collection will be useful as a discovery tool in diverse areas of cell and developmental biology and suggest new strategies for greatly increasing the coverage of the Drosophila proteome with protein trap insertions. C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Howard Hughes Med Inst Res Labs, Dept Embryol, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Genome Biol, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Spradling, AC (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Howard Hughes Med Inst Res Labs, Dept Embryol, 3520 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM spradling@ciwemb.edu FU Howard Hughes Medical Institute; NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD040307] NR 47 TC 236 Z9 236 U1 0 U2 9 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD MAR PY 2007 VL 175 IS 3 BP 1505 EP 1531 DI 10.1534/genetics.106.065961 PG 27 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 155PO UT WOS:000245590600044 PM 17194782 ER PT J AU Petyuk, VA Qian, WJ Chin, MH Wang, HX Livesay, EA Monroe, ME Adkins, JN Jaitly, N Anderson, DJ Camp, DG Smith, DJ Smith, RD AF Petyuk, Vladislav A. Qian, Wei-Jun Chin, Mark H. Wang, Haixing Livesay, Eric A. Monroe, Matthew E. Adkins, Joshua N. Jaitly, Navdeep Anderson, David J. Camp, David G., II Smith, Desmond J. Smith, Richard D. TI Spatial mapping of protein abundances in the mouse brain by voxelation integrated with high-throughput liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; GENE-EXPRESSION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; BIOMARKER DISCOVERY; ACCURATE MASS; PROTEOMICS; SEPARATIONS; COMPLEXITY; DIGESTION; PEPTIDE AB Temporally and spatially resolved mapping of protein abundance patterns within the mammalian brain is of significant interest for understanding brain function and molecular etiologies of neurodegenerative diseases; however, such imaging efforts have been greatly challenged by complexity of the proteome, throughput and sensitivity of applied analytical methodologies, and accurate quantitation of protein abundances across the brain. Here, we describe a methodology for comprehensive spatial proteome mapping that addresses these challenges by employing voxelation integrated with automated microscale sample processing, high-throughput liquid chromatography (LC) system coupled with high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer, and a "universal" stable isotope labeled reference sample approach for robust quantitation. We applied this methodology as a proof-of-concept trial for the analysis of protein distribution within a single coronal slice of a C57BL/6J mouse brain. For relative quantitation of the protein abundances across the slice, an O-18-isotopically labeled reference sample, derived from a whole control coronal slice from another mouse, was spiked into each voxel sample, and stable isotopic intensity ratios were used to obtain measures of relative protein abundances. In total, we generated maps of protein abundance patterns for 1028 proteins. The significant agreement of the protein distributions with previously reported data supports the validity of this methodology, which opens new opportunities for studying the spatial brain proteome and its dynamics during the course of disease progression and other important biological and associated health aspects in a discovery-driven fashion. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Mol & Med Pharmacol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rds@pnl.gov RI Qian, Weijun/C-6167-2011; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Adkins, Joshua/B-9881-2013 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Adkins, Joshua/0000-0003-0399-0700 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR018522, RR18522]; NIDA NIH HHS [R01 DA015802]; NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS050148] NR 47 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 3 BP 328 EP 336 DI 10.1101/gr/5799207 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 141IZ UT WOS:000244573300009 PM 17255552 ER PT J AU Jaisi, DP Dong, HL Liu, CX AF Jaisi, Deb P. Dong, Hailiang Liu, Chongxuan TI Influence of biogenic Fe(II) on the extent of microbial reduction of Fe(III) in clay minerals nontronite, illite, and chlorite SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALLINE IRON(III) OXIDES; STRUCTURAL FE(III); SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; FERROUS IRON; SMECTITE; DISSOLUTION; BACTERIA; RESPIRATION; SUSPENSIONS; DITHIONITE AB Microbial reduction of Fe(III) in clay minerals is an important process that affects properties of clay-rich materials and iron biogeo-chemical cycling in natural environments. Microbial reduction often ceases before all Fe(III) in clay minerals is exhausted. The factors causing the cessation are, however, not well understood. The objective of this study was to assess the role of biogenic Fe(II) in microbial reduction of Fe(III) in clay minerals nontronite, illite, and chlorite. Bioreduction experiments were performed in batch systems, where lactate was used as the sole electron donor, Fe(III) in clay minerals as the sole electron acceptor, and Sheivanellaputrqfaciens CN32 as the mediator with and without an electron shuttle (AQDS). Our results showed that bioreduction activity ceased within two weeks with variable extents of bioreduction of structural Fe(III) in clay minerals. When fresh CN32 cells were added to old cultures (6 months), bioreduction resumed, and extents increased. Thus, cessation of Fe(III) bioreduction was not necessarily due to exhaustion of bioavailable Fe(III) in the mineral structure, but changes in cell physiology or solution chemistry, such as Fe(II) production during microbial reduction, may have inhibited the extent of bioreduction. To investigate the effect of Fe(II) inhibition on CN32 reduction activity, a typical bioreduction process (consisting of lactate, clay, cells, and AQDS in a single tube) was separated into two steps: (1) AQDS was reduced by cells in the absence of clay; (2) Fe(III) in clays was reduced by biogenic AH(2)DS in the absence of cells. With this method, the extent of Fe(III) reduction increased by 45-233%, depending on the clay mineral involved. Transmission electron microscopy observation revealed a thick halo surrounding cell surfaces that most likely resulted from Fe(II) sorption/precipitation. Similarly, the inhibitory effect of Fe(II) sorbed onto clay surfaces was assessed by presorbing a certain amount of Fe(II) onto clay surfaces followed by AH2DS reduction of Fe(III). The reduction extent consistently decreased with an increasing amount of presorbed Fe(II). The relative reduction extent [i.e., the reduction extent normalized to that when the amount of presorbed Fe(II) was zero] was similar for all clay minerals studied and showed a systematic decrease with an increasing clay-presorbed Fe(II) concentration. These results suggest a similar inhibitory effect of clay-sorbed Fe(II) for different clay minerals. An equilibrium thermodynamic model was constructed with independently estimated parameters to evaluate whether the observed cessation of Fe(III) reduction by AH(2)DS was due to exhaustion of reaction free energy. Model-calculated reduction extents were, however, over 50% higher than experimentally measured, indicating that other factors, such as blockage of the electron transfer chain and mineralogy, restricted the reduction extent. Another important result of this study was the relative reducibility of Fe(III) in different clays: nontronite > chlorite > illite. This order was qualitatively consistent with the differences in the crystal structure and layer charge of these minerals. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Dong, HL (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM dongh@muohio.edu RI Liu, Chongxuan/C-5580-2009 NR 55 TC 76 Z9 80 U1 3 U2 52 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1145 EP 1158 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.11.027 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 146AE UT WOS:000244906100005 ER PT J AU Vasco, DW AF Vasco, D. W. TI Trajectory-based modelling of broad-band electromagnetic wavefields SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE asymptotic methods; electromagnetic waves; tomography ID GROUND-PENETRATING-RADAR; ASYMPTOTIC THEORY; BOREHOLE RADAR; HIGH-FREQUENCY; COMPLEX RAYS; TOMOGRAPHY; SCATTERING; INVERSION; MEDIA; EARTH AB A trajectory-based solution of Maxwell's equations is derived using the method of multiple scales. This time-domain technique utilizes an asymptotic expansion in terms of the ratio of the wave front length-scale to the length-scale of the heterogeneity. The approach provides an alternative to an expansion in terms of frequency and allows one to model electromagnetic wave propagation over a wide frequency band. At the lower end of the frequency band, the trajectory-based solution reduces to a previously derived diffusive solution. Similarly, at higher frequencies one obtains the 'delta-like' solution associated with hyperbolic wave propagation. However, the solution is also valid at intermediate frequencies which cannot be characterized as either diffusive or hyperbolic. A numerical illustration demonstrates the importance of both conduction and displacement currents at frequencies between 10 and 100 MHz. The amplitudes computed using the trajectory-based approach compare well with analytic results for a homogeneous whole-space. Using the technique I am able to model observations from a broad-band (3-300 kHz) experiment at the Richmond Field Station in California. In addition, ground penetrating radar waveforms in the 5-200 MHz range, gathered at the Boise Hydrogeophysical Research Site, are matched using the results of a radar velocity tomogram. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vasco, DW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dwvasco@lbl.gov RI Vasco, Donald/I-3167-2016; Vasco, Donald/G-3696-2015 OI Vasco, Donald/0000-0003-1210-8628; Vasco, Donald/0000-0003-1210-8628 NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 168 IS 3 BP 949 EP 963 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03280.x PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 141VK UT WOS:000244606800005 ER PT J AU Cappa, F Guglielmi, Y Virieux, J AF Cappa, Frederic Guglielmi, Yves Virieux, Jean TI Stress and fluid transfer in a fault zone due to overpressures in the seismogenic crust SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PERMEABILITY STRUCTURE; EARTHQUAKE; TOMOGRAPHY; SUBDUCTION; PRESSURE; SLIP AB Stress and fluid transfers were analyzed on the surface of a 30 m thick dextral strike-slip fault zone subjected to an overpressure of 63 kPa. Pressure-strain measurements taken during the pressurization indicated a strain state primarily controlled by the hydromechanical behavior of permeable fractures, and then, by the fluid diffusion in the matrix. Using THM modeling, we simulated an extension of these hydromechanical effects to a 25 km depth in the seismogenic crust, applying a lithostatic pressure at the base of the fault. The simulations indicate that a significant strain in the damage zone greater than that in the protolith, along with the differences in hydraulic diffusivity between the damage zone and protolith, may induce high static stress and fluid accumulations in the core. Under this stress, this core is projected to exhibit deformity - as much as a 12 m shear slip distributed over a 175 m long active zone. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. UPMC, CNRS UNSA IRD, Geosci Azur, F-06560 Valbonne, France. RP Cappa, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM fcappa@lbl.gov; gugliemi@geoazur.unice.fr; virieux@geoazur.unice.fr RI VIRIEUX, Jean/A-4178-2011; Cappa, Frederic/B-4014-2017 OI Cappa, Frederic/0000-0003-4859-8024 NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 5 AR L05301 DI 10.1029/2006GL028980 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 143GB UT WOS:000244707000006 ER PT J AU Baldridge, WS Cole, GL Robinson, BA Jiracek, GR AF Baldridge, W. Scott Cole, Gregory L. Robinson, Bruce A. Jiracek, George R. TI Application of time-domain airborne electromagnetic induction to hydrogeologic investigations on the Pajarito Plateau, New Mexico, USA SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LOS-ALAMOS CANYON; RIO-GRANDE RIFT; WATER-GROUNDWATER CONNECTION; VADOSE ZONE FLOW; WEIR SITE; BENEATH; SEDIMENTATION; MODELS; BASIN AB We conducted a time-domain airborne electromagnetic (AEM) survey of part of the semiarid Pajarito Plateau of northern New Mexico to determine depths and lateral extent of perched aquifers in the vadose zone and depths and pathways of infiltration to the regional aquifer. The electrical resistivity of the plateau ranged over three orders of magnitude (< 20 to > 2000 Omega m) to a depth of at least 300 m. Borehole and surface-derived data allow the correlation of resistivity images with the hydrogeology of the plateau. As expected, water exerts a significant control on resistivity. However, the presence of large amounts (up to 90%) of clay in some units, in conjunction with water, also has a significant effect, lowering resistivity (to <= 30 Omega m) more than the presence of clay-free saturated zones alone. Because of the resulting low resistivity, we are able to better delineate a large, known volume of clay-altered volcaniclastic rock and postulate the presence of another. Resistivity values of 100-300 Omega m correlate with depths to saturated zones where no clay is present, but they do not allow us to distinguish between one large or several smaller perched groundwater zones and the underlying regional zone of saturation. We imaged a region of significant infiltration related to a sewage treatment plant and to near-surface hydrogeologic conditions conducive to infiltration and correlated with a region of preferential transport of anthropogenic chemicals through the vadose zone. AEM data provide an important synoptic view of the shallow (few hundred meters) resistivity structure of the plateau. Although interpretation of the data is not unique, when combined with borehole geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical data, it can provide relative depths to saturated zones, delineate regions of high clay content (zones of alteration), and image regions of recharge to the regional aquifer. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Baldridge, WS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, D462, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sbaldridge@lanl.gov; gcole@lanl.gov; robinson@lanl.gov; jiracek@moho.sdsu.edu RI Robinson, Bruce/F-6031-2010 NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 72 IS 2 BP B31 EP B45 DI 10.1190/1.2437701 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 153NC UT WOS:000245441200007 ER PT J AU Lonardelli, I Wenk, HR Ren, Y AF Lonardelli, Ivan Wenk, Hans-Rudolf Ren, Y. TI Preferred orientation and elastic anisotropy in shales SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TEXTURE ANALYSIS; SEISMIC ANISOTROPY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; STRAIN; ROCKS; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; KAOLINITE; CONSTANTS; MUSCOVITE AB Anisotropy in shales is becoming an important issue in exploration and reservoir geophysics. In this study, the crystallographic preferred orientation of clay platelets that contributes to elastic anisotropy was determined quantitatively by hard monochromatic X-ray synchrotron diffraction in two different shales from drillholes off the coast of Nigeria. To analyze complicated diffraction images with five different phases (illite/smectite, kaolinite, quartz, siderite, feldspar) and many overlapping peaks, we applied a methodology based on the crystallographic Rietveld method. The goal was to describe the intrinsic physical properties of the sample (phase composition, crystallographic preferred orientation, crystal structure, and microstructure) and compute macroscopic elastic properties by averaging single crystal properties over the orientation distribution for each phase. Our results show that elastic anisotropy resulting from crystallographic preferred orientation of the clay particles can be determined quantitatively. This provides a possible way to compare measured seismic anisotropy and texture-derived anisotropy and to estimate the contribution of the low-aspect ratio pores aligned with bedding. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lonardelli, I (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ivan@eps.berkeley.edu; wenk@berkeley.edu; renzhengyong@gmail.com NR 33 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 72 IS 2 BP D33 EP D40 DI 10.1190/1.2435966 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 153NC UT WOS:000245441200011 ER PT J AU Wenk, HR Lonardelli, I Franz, H Nihei, K Nakagawa, S AF Wenk, Hans-Rudolf Lonardelli, Ivan Franz, Hermann Nihei, Kurt Nakagawa, Seiji TI Preferred orientation and elastic anisotropy of illite-rich shale SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON DIFFRACTION IMAGES; QUANTITATIVE TEXTURE ANALYSIS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; SEISMIC ANISOTROPY; HIGH-PRESSURE; VELOCITY; ROCKS; REFLECTANCE; MUSCOVITE; STRAIN AB Shales display significant seismic anisotropy that is attributed in part to preferred orientation of constituent minerals. This orientation pattern has been difficult to quantify because of the poor crystallinity and small grain size of clay minerals. A new method is introduced that uses high-energy synchrotron X-rays to obtain diffraction images in transmission geometry and applies it to an illite-rich shale. The images are analyzed with the crystallographic Rietveld method to obtain quantitative information about phase proportions, crystal structure, grain size, and preferred orientation (texture) that is the focus of the study. Textures for illite are extremely strong, with a maximum of 10 multiples of a random distribution for (001) pole figures. From the three-dimensional orientation distribution of crystallites, and single-crystal elastic properties, the intrinsic anisotropic elastic constants of the illite aggregate (excluding contribution from aligned micropores) can be calculated by appropriate medium averaging. The illitic shale displays roughly transverse isotropy with C-11 close to C-22 and more than twice as strong as C-33. This method will lend itself to investigate complex polymineralic shales and quantify the contribution of preferred orientation to macroscopic anisotropy. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. DESY, HASYLAB, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. Chevron Energy Technol Co, San Ramon, CA USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Wenk, HR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wenk@berleley.edu; ivan.lonardelli@ing.unitn.it; fhermann@hasylab.edu; knih@chevron.com; snakagawa@lbl.gov RI Nakagawa, Seiji/F-9080-2015; Nihei, Kurt/K-1239-2016 OI Nakagawa, Seiji/0000-0002-9347-0903; NR 46 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 8 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 72 IS 2 BP E69 EP E75 DI 10.1190/1.2432263 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 153NC UT WOS:000245441200016 ER PT J AU Furman, A Ferre, TPA Heath, GL AF Furman, Alex Ferre, Ty P. A. Heath, Gail L. TI Spatial focusing of electrical resistivity surveys considering geologic and hydrologic layering SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TOMOGRAPHY; SENSITIVITY; INVERSION; SURFACE; DESIGN; MODELS; ERT AB Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) has shown great promise for monitoring transient hydrologic processes. One advantage of ERT under those conditions is the ability of a user to tailor the spatial sensitivity of an ERT survey through selection of electrode locations and electrode combinations. Recent research has shown that quadripoles can be selected in a manner that improves the independent inversion of ERT data. Our ultimate interest lies in using ERT data along with measurements from other sensors, which typically can provide high-quality data from shallow regions of the subsurface, in a joint inversion. As a result, we do not consider the selection of quadripoles specifically for inde-pendent ERT inversion. Rather, we present an approach to focus the spatial sensitivity of ERT surveys in specific subsurface regions with the assumption that those data, when interpreted along with other measurements that are sensitive to those regions, will lead to more complete hydrologic characterization. Because we are interested in monitoring rapid processes, our approach is designed to efficiently identify optimal quadripoles. This is achieved by separating the optimization from the inversion grid, significantly reducing computational effort. We extend our previous work to consider the use of both surface and borehole ERT electrodes and to consider the impacts of horizontally layered electrical conductivity conditions. Results confirm the ability of the method to focus survey sensitivity while showing the importance of incorporation of prior knowledge of the subsurface electric conductivity structure in designing optimal ERT surveys. C1 ARO, Volcani Ctr, Bet Dagan, Israel. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Furman, A (reprint author), ARO, Volcani Ctr, Bet Dagan, Israel. EM alexf@agri.gov.il; ty@hwr.arizona.edu; gail.heath@inl.gov RI Furman, Alex/E-3646-2012 OI Furman, Alex/0000-0001-8497-6294 NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 72 IS 2 BP F65 EP F73 DI 10.1190/1.2433737 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 153NC UT WOS:000245441200023 ER PT J AU Haines, SS Pride, SR Klemperer, SL Biondi, B AF Haines, Seth S. Pride, Steven R. Klemperer, Simon L. Biondi, Biondo TI Seismoelectric imaging of shallow targets SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; GEOPHYSICAL RECORDS; FIELD-MEASUREMENTS; SEISMIC SOURCES; CONVERSIONS AB We have undertaken a series of controlled field experiments to develop seismoelectric experimental methods for near-surface applications and to improve our understanding of seismoelectric phenomena. In a set of off-line geometry surveys (source separated from the receiver line), we place seismic sources and electrode array receivers on opposite sides of a man-made target (two sand-filled trenches) to record separately two previously documented seismoelectric modes: (1) the electromagnetic interface response signal created at the target and (2) the coseismic electric fields located within a compressional seismic wave. With the seismic source point in the center of a linear electrode array, we identify the previously undocumented seismoelectric direct field, and the Lorentz field of the metal hammer plate moving in the earth's magnetic field. We place the seismic source in the center of a circular array of electrodes (radial and circumferential orientations) to analyze the source-related direct and Lorentz fields and to establish that these fields can be understood in terms of simple analytical models. Using an off-line geometry, we create a multifold, 2D image of our trenches as dipping layers, and we also produce a complementary synthetic image through numerical modeling. These images demonstrate that off-line geometry (e.g., crosswell) surveys offer a particularly promising application of the seismoelectric method because they effectively separate the interface response signal from the (generally much stronger) coseismic and source-related fields. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Haines, SS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Crustal Imaging & Characterizat Team, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM shaines@usgs.gov; srpride@lbl.gov; sklemp@stanford.edu; biondo@sep.stanford.edu RI Klemperer, Simon/A-5919-2012 NR 25 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 72 IS 2 BP G9 EP G20 DI 10.1190/1.2428267 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 153NC UT WOS:000245441200027 ER PT J AU Chen, JS Hoversten, GM Vasco, D Rubin, Y Hou, ZS AF Chen, Jinsong Hoversten, G. Michael Vasco, Donald Rubin, Yoram Hou, Zhangshuan TI A Bayesian model for gas saturation estimation using marine seismic AVA and CSEM data SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WAVELET ESTIMATION; INVERSION; TOMOGRAPHY; PREDICTION; PARAMETERS AB We develop a Bayesian model to jointly invert marine seismic amplitude versus angle (AVA) and controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) data for a layered reservoir model. We consider the porosity and fluid saturation of each layer in the reservoir, the bulk and shear moduli and density of each layer not in the reservoir, and the electrical conductivity of the overburden and bedrock as random variables. We also consider prestack seismic AVA data in a selected time window as well as real and quadrature components of the recorded electrical field as data. Using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling methods, we draw a large number of samples from the joint posterior distribution function. With these samples, we obtain not only the estimates of each unknown variable, but also various types of uncertainty information associated with the estimation. This method is applied to both synthetic and field data to investigate the combined use of seismic AVA and CSEM data for gas saturation estimation. Results show that the method is effective for joint inversion; the incorporation of CSEM data reduces uncertainty in fluid saturation estimation compared to inversion of seismic AVA data alone. The improvement in gas saturation estimation obtained from joint inversion for field data is less significant than for synthetic data because of the large number of unknown noise sources inherent in the field data. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chen, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jchen@lbl.gov; gmhoversten@lbl.gov; dwvasco@lbl.gov; rubin@ce.berkeley.edu; huo@berkeley.edu RI Chen, Jinsong/A-1374-2009; Hou, Zhangshuan/B-1546-2014; Vasco, Donald/I-3167-2016; Vasco, Donald/G-3696-2015 OI Hou, Zhangshuan/0000-0002-9388-6060; Vasco, Donald/0000-0003-1210-8628; Vasco, Donald/0000-0003-1210-8628 NR 28 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 11 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 72 IS 2 BP WA85 EP WA95 DI 10.1190/1.2435082 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 153NC UT WOS:000245441200063 ER PT J AU Seol, Y Lee, KK AF Seol, Yongkoo Lee, Kang-Kun TI Application of TOUGHREACT to performance evaluations of geothermal heat pump systems SO GEOSCIENCES JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE heat pump; geothermal; TOUGHREACT; groundwater; modeling ID THERMAL PERFORMANCE; TRANSPORT; GROUNDWATER; EXCHANGERS; BOREHOLE; DESIGN; FLOW AB Numerical simulations were performed with a non-isothermal multi-phase reactive geochemical transport code, TOUGH-REACT for predicting changes in temperature, permeability, porosity, and injectivity resulting from a long term operation of a geothermal heat-pump (GHP) system. A one-dimensional model was developed to simulate a GHP system for a potential geothermal reservoir with down-hole water temperature of 200 degrees C. The GHP system was developed for (1) an open-loop system with a set of extraction and injection wells 600 meter apart, and (2) a closed-loop system with a heat exchanger. The same ground water was either injected into the ground through the injection well of the open-loop system or placed in the heat exchanger in the closed-loop system. Injecting water temperature (65 degrees C or 35 degrees C), pressure (+2MPa or +5MPa), chemical composition, and well casing (stainless steel or PVC) for the closed-loop system were varied. The feedback effects of changes in permeability and porosity resulting from mineral dissolution or precipitation on liquid injectivity and heat extractability were evaluated. The results showed that the impacts of the mineral precipitation on liquid injectivity and heat extractability were more significant in the open-loop system than in the closed-loop system. This study also showed the injecting water temperature and well casing material would not be significant to improve the performance of a closed-loop GHP system. For the comprehensive evaluation of a GHP system performance, a system-level modeling considering economic and technical aspects was suggested. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lee, KK (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM kklee@snu.ac.kr NR 30 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU HANRIMWON PUBLISHING COMPANY PI SEOUL PA 206-3 OHJANG-DONG, CHOONG-KU, SEOUL 100-310, SOUTH KOREA SN 1226-4806 J9 GEOSCI J JI Geosci. J. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 11 IS 1 BP 83 EP 91 DI 10.1007/BF02910383 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 158JS UT WOS:000245788400008 ER PT J AU Cox, MH Su, GW Constantz, J AF Cox, Marisa H. Su, Grace W. Constantz, Jim TI Heat, chloride, and specific conductance as ground water tracers near streams SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID CATCHMENT; INFILTRATION; TEMPERATURE; FILTRATION; TIMES; FIELD; WELL; USA AB Commonly measured water quality parameters were compared to heat as tracers of stream water exchange with ground water. Temperature, specific conductance, and chloride were sampled at various frequencies in the stream and adjacent wells over a 2-year period. Strong seasonal variations in stream water were observed for temperature and specific conductance. In observation wells where the temperature response correlated to stream water, chloride and specific conductance values were similar to stream water values as well, indicating significant stream water exchange with ground water. At sites where ground water temperature fluctuations were negligible, chloride and/or specific conductance values did not correlate to stream water values, indicating that ground water was not significantly influenced by exchange with stream water. Best-fit simulation modeling was performed at two sites to derive temperature-based estimates of hydraulic conductivities of the alluvial sediments between the stream and wells. These estimates were used in solute transport simulations for a comparison of measured and simulated values for chloride and specific conductance. Simulation results showed that hydraulic conductivities vary seasonally and annually. This variability was a result of seasonal changes in temperature-dependent hydraulic conductivity and scouring or clogging of the streambed. Specific conductance fits were good, while chloride data were difficult to fit due to the infrequent (quarterly) stream water chloride measurements during the study period. Combined analyses of temperature, chloride, and specific conductance led to improved quantification of the spatial and temporal variability of stream water exchange with shallow ground water in an alluvial system. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cox, MH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 439,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mhcox@usgs.gov; gwsu@lbl.gov; jconstan@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 BP 187 EP 195 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00276.x PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 140PP UT WOS:000244518200011 PM 17335483 ER PT J AU Truex, M Powell, T Lynch, K AF Truex, M. Powell, T. Lynch, K. TI In situ dechlorination of TCE during aquifer heating SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; METHANOSARCINA-THERMOPHILA; IRON SULFIDE; REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; CHLORINATED ETHYLENES; TRANSFORMATION; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; DEGRADATION; FE(III); CHLOROFORM AB Laboratory and field efforts were undertaken to examine trichloroethene (TCE) dechlorination as a function of temperature as an aquifer is heated to temperatures approaching boiling. Experiments were conducted using sediment samples and during electrical resistance heating (ERH) treatment at the East Gate Disposal Yard (Fort Lewis, Washington), which contains nonaqueous phase TCE and hydrocarbon contamination. Laboratory microcosms with these sediments showed TCE dechlorination at 70 degrees C with measured products of acetylene, ethene, and ethane, indicating an abiotic component of the degradation. In contrast, TCE was dechlorinated to cis-1,2-dichloroethene in experiments at 10 degrees C, likely by biological reductive dechlorination. The observed products at 70 degrees C suggest dechlorination catalyzed by reduced sediment iron. Indications of in situ dechlorination were observed in periodic ground water samples collected during field-scale ERH from an average ambient temperature of about 19 degrees C to near boiling. Dechlorination indicators included an increase in chloride concentration at the onset of heating and observation of acetylene, ethane, and methane at elevated temperatures. The data collected in this study suggest that dechlorination can occur during ERH. The overall cost-effectiveness of ERH may be enhanced by fortuitous in situ dechlorination and, potentially, could be further enhanced by specifically designing and operating ERH to maximize in situ dechlorination. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. USA Corp Engineers, Seattle, WA USA. RP Truex, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mj.truex@pnl.gov; tpowell@thermals.com; kira.p.lynch@usace.army.mil NR 52 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 BP 96 EP 105 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2007.00141.x PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 174RR UT WOS:000246961000007 ER PT J AU Bennett, M Han, LY Merritt, W Lin, Y Gray, JW Gershenson, DM Sood, AK Schmandt, R AF Bennett, Marsha Han, Liz Y. Merritt, William Lin, Yvonne Gray, Joe W. Gershenson, David M. Sood, Anil K. Schmandt, Rosemarie TI Targeting cytoskeletal assembly as a strategy to overcome taxane resistance in ovarian cancer SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 104 IS 3 SU 1 BP S12 EP S13 PG 2 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 144ZC UT WOS:000244834100026 ER PT J AU Fleisch, MC Chou, YC Cardiff, RD Shyamala, G AF Fleisch, Markus C. Chou, Yu-Chien Cardiff, Robert D. Shyamala, Gopolan TI Progesterone receptor A isotype overexpression leads to endometrial hyperproliferation, hyperplasia, and atypia SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Dusseldorf, D-4000 Dusseldorf, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comparat Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Fleisch, Markus/E-4134-2014 OI Fleisch, Markus/0000-0002-8966-4721 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 104 IS 3 SU 1 BP S27 EP S28 PG 2 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 144ZC UT WOS:000244834100057 ER PT J AU Russell, M Sherman, M Rudd, A AF Russell, Marion Sherman, Max Rudd, Armin TI Review of residential ventilation technologies SO HVAC&R RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID INDOOR AIR-QUALITY; NATURAL VENTILATION; SOLAR CHIMNEY; PERFORMANCE; PARTICLES; SYSTEM; IMPACT; PENETRATION; STRATEGIES; DEPOSITION AB This paper reviews current and potential ventilation technologies for residential buildings with particular emphasis on North American climates and construction. The major technologies reviewed include a variety of mechanical systems, natural ventilation, and passive ventilation. Key parameters that are related to each system include operating costs, installation costs, ventilation rates, and heat recovery potential. The paper also examines related issues, such as infiltration, duct systems, filtration options, noise, and construction issues. This report describes a wide variety of systems currently on the market that can be used to meet ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2004, Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality in Low-Rise Residential Buildings. While these systems generally fall into the categories of supply, exhaust, or balanced, the specifics of each system are driven by concerns that extend beyond those in the standard and are discussed. Some of these systems go beyond the current standard by providing additional features (such as air distribution or pressurization control). The market will decide the immediate value of such features, but ASHRAE may wish to consider related modifications to the standard in the future. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Bldg Sci Corp, Westford, MA USA. RP Russell, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 78 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 35 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 1078-9669 J9 HVAC&R RES JI HVAC&R Res. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 13 IS 2 BP 325 EP 348 DI 10.1080/10789669.2007.10390957 PG 24 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 153YJ UT WOS:000245473700009 ER PT J AU Hodapp, KW Aldering, G Meech, KJ Cochran, AL Antilogus, P Pecontal, E Chickering, W Blanc, N Copin, Y Lynch, DK Rudy, RJ Mazuk, S Venturini, CC Puetter, RC Perry, RB AF Hodapp, Klaus W. Aldering, Greg Meech, Karen J. Cochran, Anita L. Antilogus, Pierre Pecontal, Emmanuel Chickering, William Blanc, Nathalie Copin, Yannick Lynch, David K. Rudy, Richard J. Mazuk, S. Venturini, Catherine C. Puetter, Richard C. Perry, Raleigh B. TI Visible and near-infrared spectrophotometry of the Deep Impact ejecta of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE comets; Comet Tempel 1; photometry; spectroscopy ID TELESCOPE; SUPERNOVA; DUST AB We have obtained optical spectrophotometry of the evolution of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 after the impact of the Deep Impact probe, using the Supernova Integral Field Spectrograph (SNIFS) at the UH 2.2-m telescope, as well as simultaneous optical and infrared spectra using the Lick Visible-to-Near-Infrared Imaging Spectrograph (VNIRIS). The spatial distribution and temporal evolution of the "violet band" CN (0-0) emission and of the 630 nm [OI] emission was studied. We found that CN emission centered on the nucleus increased in the 2 h after impact, but that this CN emission was delayed compared to the light curve of dust-scattered sunlight. The CN emission also expanded faster than the cloud of scattering dust. The emission of [OI] at 630 run rose similarly to the scattered light, but then remained nearly constant for several hours after impact. On the day following the impact, both CN and [OI] emission concentrated on the comet nucleus had returned nearly to pre-impact levels. We have also searched for differences in the scattering properties of the dust ejected by the impact compared to the dust released under normal conditions. Compared to the pre-impact state of the comet, we find evidence that the color of the comet was slightly bluer during the post-impact rise in brightness. Long after the impact, in the following nights, the comet colors returned to their pre-impact values. This can be explained by postulating a change to a smaller particle size distribution in the ejecta cloud, in agreement with the findings from mid-infrared observations, or by postulating a large fraction of clean ice particles, or by a combination of these two. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hawaii, Astron Inst, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Texas, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Support Off, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, IN2P3, CNRS, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, IN2P3, CNRS, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Ctr Rech Astron Lyon, F-69561 St Genis Laval, France. Univ Lyon 1, Inst Phys Nucl Lyon, CNRS,UMR5822, IN2P3, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. RP Hodapp, KW (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Astron Inst, 640 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM hodapp@ifa.hawaii.edu RI Copin, Yannick/B-4928-2015 OI Copin, Yannick/0000-0002-5317-7518 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAR PY 2007 VL 187 IS 1 BP 185 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.09.015 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 143CO UT WOS:000244697800018 ER PT J AU Bradbury, A AF Bradbury, Andrew TI Antibody engineering - IBC's 17th Annual International Conference Antibody Engineering and Immunotherapeutics for the 21st century - 10-14 December 2006, San Diego, CA, USA SO IDRUGS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bradbury, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, MS-M888,TA-43,HRL-1,Bldg 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM amb@lanl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU THOMSON SCIENTIFIC PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND STREET, LONDON, W1T 4JE, ENGLAND SN 1369-7056 J9 IDRUGS JI IDrugs PD MAR PY 2007 VL 10 IS 3 BP 169 EP 172 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 178UW UT WOS:000247246600008 PM 17351868 ER PT J AU Provine, J Skinner, JL Horsley, DA AF Provine, J. Skinner, Jack L. Horsley, David A. TI Tunable subwavelength-metal gratings in the mid-IR band SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE diffraction gratings; infrared (IR) devices and detectors; microstructure devices; optoelectronics; surface plasmons ID EXTRAORDINARY OPTICAL-TRANSMISSION; HOLE ARRAYS AB We demonstrate a tunable infrared (IR) filter based on a patterned subwavelength grating in a metal film. The optical properties of the filter, including center wavelength and pass bandwidth, are dependent on the lithographically defined pattern of the grating. Additionally, the transmission intensity is controlled by using electrostatic actuation to bring the metal film into and out of contact with an underlying dielectric film. A maximum transmission of 72% is achieved, with a 4-to-1 rejection ratio at an actuation voltage of 46 V. The device holds promise for application to gas sensors and other IR sensor systems. The operating principle of this device can be extended to other regions of the electromagnetic spectrum beyond the mid-IR. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Sensor & Acuator Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Provine, J (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jprovine@stanford.edu; jlskinn@sandia.gov; horsley@ucdavis.edu NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 13 IS 2 BP 270 EP 276 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2007.892071 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 162XQ UT WOS:000246123200018 ER PT J AU Chen, LH Cha, YS Claus, H Askew, TR Zheng, H Veal, BW Peng, FZ AF Chen, Lihua Cha, Yung S. Claus, Helmut Askew, Thomas R. Zheng, Hong Veal, Boyd W. Peng, Fang Z. TI Demagnetization of trapped field in high T-C superconductors using pulsed field methods SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE demagnetization; high T-C superconductors (HTS); magnetic diffusion; pulsed field magnetization; trapped field ID MAGNETIC DIFFUSION; TEMPERATURE RISE; BULK; DISK; YBCO AB This paper examines the demagnetization of a trapped magnetic field in a high T-C superconducting (HTS) monolith using a single, short, high-amplitude field pulse. With a single optimized pulse, the peak trapped field can be reduced to one-third of the maximum saturated value. Alternatively, the spatial average of the trapped field could be fixed very close to zero. After demagnetization, the trapped field has both positive and negative values at various locations in the HTS monolith. Transient responses of the HTS to pulsed fields with different amplitudes are also reported and discussed. It does not appear that the residual trapped field can be reduced to zero throughout the monolith using pulsed field demagnetization methods in a fixed sample/coil geometry. Bean's critical state model is used to explain the measured equilibrium field distributions. Transient response of the HTS to an externally applied field is qualitatively explained by magnetic diffusion. Drive circuit characteristics and design feasibility issues are also addressed. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Kalamazoo Coll, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49006 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chen, LH (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM chenlih2@msu.edu; yscha@anl.gov; claus@anl.gov; askew@kzoo.edu; veal@anl.gov; fzpeng@egr.msu.edu NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1 BP 20 EP 26 DI 10.1109/TASC.2006.887543 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 148DM UT WOS:000245054700004 ER PT J AU Dickrell, DJ Dugger, MT AF Dickrell, Daniel J., III Dugger, Michael T. TI Electrical contact resistance degradation of a hot-switched simulated metal MEMS contact SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPONENTS AND PACKAGING TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE contact resistance; gold; microelectromechanical devices; platinum; surface contamination; switches ID GOLD; LIFETIME; AUGER AB Electrical contact resistance testing was performed by hot-switching a simulated gold-platinum metal microelectromechanical systems contact. The experimental objective was to determine the sensitivity of the contact resistance degradation to current level and environment. The contact resistance increased sharply after 100 hot-switched cycles in air. Hot-switching at a reduced current and in nitrogen atmosphere curtailed contact resistance degradation by several orders of magnitude. The mechanism responsible for the resistance degradation was found to be arc-induced decomposition of adsorbed surface contaminants. C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dickrell, DJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. EM djd3@ufl.edu NR 19 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1521-3331 J9 IEEE T COMPON PACK T JI IEEE Trans. Compon. Packaging Technol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 30 IS 1 BP 75 EP 80 DI 10.1109/TCAPT.2007.892074 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 153FV UT WOS:000245418400010 ER PT J AU Tong, T Zhao, Y Delzeit, L Kashani, A Meyyappan, M Majumdar, A AF Tong, Tao Zhao, Yang Delzeit, Lance Kashani, Ali Meyyappan, M. Majumdar, Arun TI Dense, vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube arrays as thermal interface materials SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPONENTS AND PACKAGING TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotube (CNT); multiwalled; thermal interface material (TIM); thermo-reflectance ID CONDUCTIVITY; CONDUCTANCE AB Carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays are being considered as thermal interface materials (TIMs). Using a phase sensitive transient thermo-reflectance technique, we measure the thermal conductance of the two interfaces on each side of a vertically aligned CNT array as well as the CNT array itself. We show that the physically bonded interface by van der Waals adhesion has a conductance similar to 10(5) W/m(2) K and is the dominant resistance. We also demonstrate that by bonding the free-end CNT tips to a target surface with the help of a thin layer of indium weld, the conductance can be increased to similar to 10(6) W/m(2) K making it attractive as a TIM. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Atlas Sci Inc, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ctr Nanotechnol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tong, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ttong@me.berkeley.edu; majumdar@me.berkeley.edu NR 22 TC 182 Z9 182 U1 9 U2 60 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1521-3331 J9 IEEE T COMPON PACK T JI IEEE Trans. Compon. Packaging Technol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 30 IS 1 BP 92 EP 100 DI 10.1109/TCAPT.2007.892079 PG 9 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 153FV UT WOS:000245418400013 ER PT J AU Wang, KY Chiasson, J Bodson, M Tolbert, LM AF Wang, Kaiyu Chiasson, John Bodson, Marc Tolbert, Leon M. TI An online rotor time constant estimator for the induction machine SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE induction motor; parameter identification; rotor time constant ID IDENTIFICATION; MOTORS; PARAMETER; STATOR AB Indirect field-oriented control of an induction machine requires knowledge of the rotor time constant to estimate the rotor flux linkages. Here, an online method is presented for estimating the rotor time constant and the stator resistance, both of which vary during operation of the machine due to ohmic heating. The method uses measurements of the stator voltages, stator currents, and their derivatives (first derivative of the voltages and both the first and second derivatives of the currents). The problem is formulated as finding those parameter values that best fit (in a least-squares sense) the model of the induction motor to the measured-output data of the motor. This method guarantees that the parameter values are found in a finite number of steps. Experimental results of an online implementation are presented. C1 Osram Sylvania, Elect Control Syst Grp, Danvers, MA 01923 USA. Boise State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boise, ID 83725 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, KY (reprint author), Osram Sylvania, Elect Control Syst Grp, Danvers, MA 01923 USA. EM kaiyu.wang@sylvania.com; johnchiasson@boisestate.edu; bodson@ece.utah.edu; tolbert@utk.edu OI Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X NR 29 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1063-6536 EI 1558-0865 J9 IEEE T CONTR SYST T JI IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 15 IS 2 BP 339 EP 348 DI 10.1109/TCST.2006.886445 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 150VN UT WOS:000245247800013 ER PT J AU Soder, L Hofmann, L Orths, A Holttinen, H Wan, YH Tuohy, A AF Soder, Lennart Hofmann, Lutz Orths, Antje Holttinen, Hannele Wan, Yih-huei Tuohy, Aidan TI Experience from wind integration in some high penetration areas SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION LA English DT Article DE balancing of wind power; integration; power system; power transmission; wind power AB The amount of wind power in the world is increasing quickly. The background for this development is improved technology, decreased costs for the units, and increased concern regarding environmental problems of competing technologies such as fossil fuels. The amount of wind power is not spread equally over the world, so in some areas, there is comparatively a high concentration. The aims of this paper are to overview some of these areas, and 3: briefly describe consequences of the increase in wind power. The aim is also to try to draw some generic conclusions, in order to get some estimation about what will happen when the amount of wind power increases for other regions where wind power penetration is expected to reach high values in future. C1 Kungliga Teknisha Hogskolan, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. EON Netz GmbH, D-95448 Bayreuth, Germany. Energinet DK, DK-7000 Fredericia, Denmark. VTT Tech Res Ctr, FIN-02044 Espoo, Finland. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland. RP Soder, L (reprint author), Kungliga Teknisha Hogskolan, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. EM lennart.soder@ee.kth.se; lutz.hofmann@eon-energie.com; ano@energinet.dk; hannele.holttinen@vtt.fi; yih-huei_wan@nrel.gov; atuohy@ee.ucd.ie RI TUOHY, AIDAN/D-3088-2011 NR 9 TC 62 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8969 J9 IEEE T ENERGY CONVER JI IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 BP 4 EP 12 DI 10.1109/TEC.2006.889604 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 144MI UT WOS:000244799800002 ER PT J AU Muljadi, E Butterfield, CP Parsons, B Ellis, A AF Muljadi, Eduard Butterfield, C. P. Parsons, Brian Ellis, Abraham TI Effect of variable speed wind turbine generator on stability of a weak grid SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION LA English DT Article DE low voltage ride through; power system; renewable energy; stability; variable-speed generation; weak grid; wind energy; wind farm; wind power plant; wind turbine AB In this paper, we illustrate the effect of adding a hypothetical 100-MW doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind power plant to a weak transmission system. The effects of various wind plant load factors (100, 60 and 25% of nameplate rating) are investigated. System performance is compared to a 100-MW conventional synchronous generator interconnected at the same location. The conventional generator is installed some distance away. The simulations demonstrated that DFIG generators provide a good damping performance under these conditions. These results support the conclusion that modern wind power plants equipped with power electronics and low-voltage ride-through capability, can be interconnected to weak power grids without reducing stability. To conduct the studies, we selected an area of the Western Electricity Coordinating Council power system that is electrically far from major generation centers and is-weakly connected to the bulk transmission system. The area contains large motor loads. We observed the dynamic response of large motors in the vicinity, especially their ability to ride through fault events. The studies were conducted using positive sequence phasor time-domain analysis. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Publ Serv Co New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87158 USA. RP Muljadi, E (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM eduard_muljadi@nrel.gov; sandy_butterfield@nrel.gov; brian_parsons@nrel.gov; aellis@pnm.com NR 7 TC 77 Z9 100 U1 5 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8969 J9 IEEE T ENERGY CONVER JI IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.1109/TEC.2006.889602 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 144MI UT WOS:000244799800004 ER PT J AU Schreck, SJ Robinson, MC AF Schreck, Scott J. Robinson, Michael C. TI Horizontal axis wind turbine blade aerodynamics in experiments and modeling SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION LA English DT Article DE aerodynamics; modeling; wind energy; wind tunnels ID DYNAMIC STALL; PREDICTION; FLIGHT; ROTOR; LOADS AB Turbine aerodynamics remains a challenging and crucial research area for wind energy. Blade aerodynamic forces responsible for Power production must be augmented to maximize energy capture. At the same time, adverse aerodynamic loads that fatigue turbine components need to be mitigated to extend machine service life. Successful resolution of these conflicting demands and continued cost of energy reduction require accurate blade aerodynamic models. This, in turn, depends on clear physical understanding and reliable numerical modeling of rotational augmentation and dynamic stall, the two phenomena principally responsible for amplified turbine blade aerodynamic loads. The current work examines full-scale turbine blade aerodynamic measurements and current modeling methodologies to better understand the physical and numerical attributes that determine model performance. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Schreck, SJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM scott_schreck@nrel.gov; michael_robinson@nrel.gov NR 48 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8969 J9 IEEE T ENERGY CONVER JI IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 BP 61 EP 70 DI 10.1109/TEC.2006.889620 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 144MI UT WOS:000244799800008 ER PT J AU Yocky, DA Jakowatz, CV AF Yocky, David A. Jakowatz, Charles V., Jr. TI Shift-scale complex correlation for wide-angle coherent cross-track SAR stereo processing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE automation; coherent processing; digital terrain map (DTM); image registration; spotlight-mode SAR; stereo SAR; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID RADARGRAMMETRIC DEM; IMAGES AB Automated synthetic aperture radar (SAR) stereo correspondence becomes increasingly difficult when imaging high-relief terrain utilizing large stereo crossing-angle geometries because high-relief SAR image features can undergo significant spatial distortions, causing a failure of traditional correlation matching. This paper presents eight coherent spotlight-mode cross-track stereo pairs with stereo crossing angles averaging 93.7 degrees collected over a terrain with slopes greater than 20 degrees. These stereo pairs suffer from terrain-induced distortions, resulting in a decrease in complex correlation (coherence) when utilizing scanning-window correlation calculations. The search to maximize complex correlation is changed from a shift-only (disparity) search to a shift-and-scale search using the downhill simplex method. This approach is tested against complex imagery with simulated distortions and then employed on the eight wide-angle stereo collects. The resulting digital terrain maps (DTMs) are compared to ground truth. Using a shift-and-scale correlation approach to estimate disparity, the relative height errors decrease, and the number of reliable DTM posts increase. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Yocky, DA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2007 VL 45 IS 3 BP 576 EP 583 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2006.886193 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 140ZQ UT WOS:000244545900004 ER PT J AU Parvin, B Yang, Q Han, J Chang, H Rydberg, B Barcellos-Hoff, MH AF Parvin, Bahram Yang, Qing Han, Ju Chang, Hang Rydberg, Bjorn Barcellos-Hoff, Mary Helen TI Iterative voting for inference of structural saliency and characterization of subcellular events SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE foci detection; geometric voting; iterative voting; segmentation; subcellular localization ID PERCEPTUAL ORGANIZATION; SEGMENTATION; TRANSFORM; IMAGES AB Saliency is an important perceptual cue that occurs at different levels of resolution. Important attributes of saliency are symmetry, continuity, and closure. Detection of these attributes is often hindered by noise, variation in scale, and incomplete information. This paper introduces the iterative voting method, which uses oriented kernels for inferring saliency as it relates to symmetry. A unique aspect of the technique is the kernel topography, which is refined and reoriented iteratively. The technique can cluster and group nonconvex perceptual circular symmetries along the radial line of an object's shape. It has an excellent noise immunity and is shown to be tolerant to perturbation in scale. The application of this technique to images obtained through various modes of microscopy is demonstrated. Furthermore, as a case example, the method has been applied to quantify kinetics of nuclear foci formation that are formed by phosphorylation of histone gamma H2AX following ionizing radiation. Iterative voting has been implemented in both 2-D and 3-D for multi image analysis. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Automat, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Parvin, B (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM parvin@niedia.lbl.gov NR 24 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1057-7149 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 615 EP 623 DI 10.1109/TIP.2007.891154 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 137SA UT WOS:000244311100003 PM 17357723 ER PT J AU Ganti, A Modiano, E Tsitsiklis, JN AF Ganti, Anand Modiano, Eytan Tsitsiklis, John N. TI Optimal transmission scheduling in symmetric communication models with intermittent connectivity SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY LA English DT Article DE longest-queue-first; minimum-delay scheduling; stochastic coupling; transmission scheduling; wireless channel ID ALLOCATION; THROUGHPUT; CHANNELS; SYSTEMS AB We consider a slotted system with N queues, and independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Bernoulli arrivals at each queue during each slot. Each queue is associated with a channel that changes between "on" and "off" states according to i.i.d. Bernoulli processes. We assume that the system has K identical transmitters ("servers"). Each server, during each slot, can transmit up to C packets from each queue associated with an "on" channel. We show that a policy that assigns the servers to the longest queues whose channel is "on" minimizes the total queue size, as well as a broad class of other performance criteria. We provide several extensions, as well as some qualitative results for the limiting case where N is very large. Finally, we consider a "fluid" model under which fractional packets can be served, and subject to a constraint that at most C packets can be served in total from all of the N, queues. We show that when K = N, there is an optimal policy which serves the queues so that the resulting vector of queue lengths is "Most Balanced" (MB). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Ganti, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM aganti@sandia.gov; modiano@mit.edu; jnt@mit.edu NR 11 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9448 J9 IEEE T INFORM THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory PD MAR PY 2007 VL 53 IS 3 BP 998 EP 1008 DI 10.1109/TIT.2006.890695 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 140IC UT WOS:000244497100007 ER PT J AU Sanfilippo, A Posse, C Gopalan, B Riensche, R Beagley, N Baddeley, B Tratz, S Gregory, M AF Sanfilippo, Antonio Posse, Christian Gopalan, Banu Riensche, Rick Beagley, Nathaniel Baddeley, Bob Tratz, Stephen Gregory, Michelle TI Combining hierarchical and associative gene ontology relations with textual evidence in estimating gene and gene product similarity SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOBIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BLAST; gene ontology; gene product similarity; GoPubMed; ontology alignment ID DATABASE; BLAST AB Two approaches have recently emerged where the similarity between two genes or gene products is obtained by comparing Gene Ontology (GO) annotations associated with the genes or gene products. One approach captures GO-based similarity in terms of hierarchical relations within each gene subontology, while the other relies on associative relations across the three gene subontologies. We propose a novel methodology where the two approaches can be merged and enriched by textual evidence extracted from biomedical literature with ensuing benefits in coverage and stronger correlation with sequence-based similarity. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sanfilippo, A (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM antonio.sanfilippo@pnl.gov; christian.posse@pnl.gov; banu.gopalan@pnl.gov; rick.riensche@pnl.gov; nathaniel.beagley@pnl.gov; bob.baddeley@pnl.gov; stephen.tratz@pnl.gov; michelle.gregory@pnl.gov RI Sanfilippo, Antonio/B-6743-2016 OI Sanfilippo, Antonio/0000-0001-7097-4562 NR 38 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1241 EI 1558-2639 J9 IEEE T NANOBIOSCI JI IEEE Trans. Nanobiosci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 6 IS 1 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.1109/TNB.2007.891886 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 146OT UT WOS:000244944600008 PM 17393850 ER PT J AU Rothganger, F Lazebnik, S Schmid, C Ponce, J AF Rothganger, Fred Lazebnik, Svetlana Schmid, Cordelia Ponce, Jean TI Segmenting, modeling, and matching video clips containing multiple moving objects SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE affine-covariant patches; structure from motion; motion segmentation; shot matching; video retrieval ID INTEREST POINT DETECTORS; WIDELY SEPARATED VIEWS; IMAGE; MOTION; SHAPE; SCALE AB This paper presents a novel representation for dynamic scenes composed of multiple rigid objects that may undergo different motions and are observed by a moving camera. Multiview constraints associated with groups of affine-covariant scene patches and a normalized description of their appearance are used to segment a scene into its rigid components, construct three-dimensional models of these components, and match instances of models recovered from different image sequences. The proposed approach has been applied to the detection and matching of moving objects in video sequences and to shot matching, i.e., the identification of shots that depict the same scene in a video clip. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. Beckman Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. INRIA Rhone Alpes, F-38330 Montbonnot St Martin, France. Ecole Normale Super, Dept Informat, F-75230 Paris 05, France. Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Rothganger, F (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM fred@rothganger.org; slazebni@uiuc.edu; Cordelia.Schmid@inrialpes.fr; ponce@di.ens.fr NR 63 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0162-8828 EI 1939-3539 J9 IEEE T PATTERN ANAL JI IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 29 IS 3 BP 477 EP 491 DI 10.1109/TPAMI.2007.57 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 125CY UT WOS:000243420500009 PM 17224617 ER PT J AU Weber, GH Dillard, SE Carr, H Pascucci, V Hamann, B AF Weber, Gunther H. Dillard, Scott E. Carr, Hamish Pascucci, Valerio Hamann, Bernd TI Topology-controlled volume rendering SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS LA English DT Article DE direct volume rendering; transfer function design; topology; contour tree; simplification ID SURFACES AB Topology provides a foundation for the development of mathematically sound tools for processing and exploration of scalar fields. Existing topology-based methods can be used to identify interesting features in volumetric data sets, to find seed sets for accelerated isosurface extraction, or to treat individual connected components as distinct entities for isosurfacing or interval volume rendering. We describe a framework for direct volume rendering based on segmenting a volume into regions of equivalent contour topology and applying separate transfer functions to each region. Each region corresponds to a branch of a hierarchical contour tree decomposition, and a separate transfer function can be defined for it. The novel contributions of our work are 1) a volume rendering framework and interface where a unique transfer function can be assigned to each subvolume corresponding to a branch of the contour tree, 2) a runtime method for adjusting data values to reflect contour tree simplifications, 3) an efficient way of mapping a spatial location into the contour tree to determine the applicable transfer function, and 4) an algorithm for hardware-accelerated direct volume rendering that visualizes the contour tree-based segmentation at interactive frame rates using graphics processing units (GPUs) that support loops and conditional branches in fragment programs. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Visualizat & Comp Graph Res Grp, IDAV, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Comp Sci & Informat, Dublin 4, Ireland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, CASC, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Weber, GH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Visualizat & Comp Graph Res Grp, IDAV, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ghweber@ucdavis.edu; sedillard@ucdavis.edu; hamish.carr@ucd.ie; pascucci@acm.org; hamann@cs.ucdavis.edu OI Weber, Gunther/0000-0002-1794-1398 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1R01 GM70444-01A1]; NIMH NIH HHS [P20 MH60975-06A2] NR 43 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1077-2626 EI 1941-0506 J9 IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR JI IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 13 IS 2 BP 330 EP 341 DI 10.1109/TVCG.2007.47 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 124SB UT WOS:000243389100012 PM 17218749 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Goldgof, DB Sarkar, S Tsap, LV AF Zhang, Yong Goldgof, Dmitry B. Sarkar, Sudeep Tsap, Leonid V. TI A sensitivity analysis method and its application in physics-based nonrigid motion modeling SO IMAGE AND VISION COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE sensitivity analysis; physical modeling; nonrigid motion; elastic parameters ID ELASTIC PROPERTIES; RECOGNITION; DEFORMATIONS; SIMULATION; TISSUES; SHAPE AB Parameters used in physical models for nonrigid and articulated motion analysis are often not known with high precision. It has been recognized that commonly used assumptions about the parameters may have adverse effect on modeling quality. In this paper, we present an efficient sensitivity analysis method to assess the impact of those assumptions by examining the model's spatial response to parameter perturbation. Numerical experiments with a synthetic model and skin tissues show that: (1) normalized sensitivity distribution can help determine the relative importance of different parameters; (2) dimensional sensitivity is useful in the assessment of a particular parameter assumption; and (3) models are more sensitive at the locations of property discontinuity (heterogeneity). The formulation of the proposed sensitivity analysis method is general and can be applied to assessment of other types of assumptions, such as those related to nonlinearity and anisotropy. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Youngstown State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Informat Syst, Youngstown, OH 44555 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Adv Commun & Signal Proc Grp, Dept Elect Engn, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Youngstown State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Informat Syst, Youngstown, OH 44555 USA. EM yzhang@cis.ysu.edu; goldgof@cse.usf.edu; sarkar@cse.usf.edu; tsap@llnl.gov RI Sarkar, Sudeep/A-8213-2009 OI Sarkar, Sudeep/0000-0001-7332-4207 NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0262-8856 EI 1872-8138 J9 IMAGE VISION COMPUT JI Image Vis. Comput. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 3 BP 262 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.imavis.2005.08.007 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA 125NY UT WOS:000243450100003 ER PT J AU Darzins, A AF Darzins, Al TI The vision of biofuels and biorefining in the US: Opportunities for biomass. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM al_darzins@nrel.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 43 SU S BP S12 EP S12 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 187UF UT WOS:000247873400032 ER PT J AU Raybourn, EM AF Raybourn, Elaine M. TI Applying simulation experience design methods to creating serious game-based adaptive training systems SO INTERACTING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Article DE Simulation Experience Design Method; real-time in-game feedback assessment; serious games; communication; adaptive training systems AB The purpose of the present paper is to briefly introduce adaptive training systems, and describe the Simulation Experience Design Method. Adaptive training systems are serious games whose goal it is to engender communication opportunities for players to learn about their strengths and weaknesses, receive real-time in-game performance feedback, and share diverse solutions and strategies during, between, and after game play in order to update, or adapt, player understanding. The Simulation Experience Design Method extends HCI approaches to create engaging multiplayer learning experiences by focusing on how dynamic game content, roles, scenarios, and assessment feedback contribute to emergent culture. Preliminary evaluations of an earlier instantiation of serious game-based adaptive training systems employing this design method have been positive. The contribution of the present paper lies in describing how designers create rich systems of experiences for serious games and adaptive training systems by employing HCI principles and the Simulation Experience Design Method. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Intelligent Syst & Robot Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Raybourn, EM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Intelligent Syst & Robot Ctr, POB 5800 MS 1188, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM emraybo@sandia.gov NR 22 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 36 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0953-5438 EI 1873-7951 J9 INTERACT COMPUT JI Interact. Comput. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 19 IS 2 BP 206 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.intcom.2006.08.001 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 141JZ UT WOS:000244575900007 ER PT J AU Lu, ZP Ma, D Liu, CT Chang, YA AF Lu, Z. P. Ma, D. Liu, C. T. Chang, Y. A. TI Competitive formation of glasses and glass-matrix composites SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE glasses, metallic; phase transformations; phase diagrams ID TEMPERATURE-TRANSFORMATION DIAGRAM; METALLIC GLASSES; LIQUID ALLOYS; NUCLEATION; PD40CU30NI10P20; SYSTEM; ZR AB By systematically investigating the effect of chemical composition on the competitive formation of glasses in various systems, we attempt to address two long-standing scientific puzzles upon metallic glasses, i.e., (i) which composition is the best for forming glasses and glass-matrix composites and (ii) what determines the easy glass-forming composition range in a given alloy system. Our findings have led to the construction of a qualitative microstructure selection map, which is useful for guiding the design of bulkier metallic glasses and glass-matrix composites. In addition, our analysis demonstrates that the classical kinetic treatment of glass formation is insufficient; to analyze glass formation properly, it is necessary to go beyond simple assumptions of single polymorphic solidification during crystallization. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Lu, ZP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM luzp@ornl.gov RI Ma, Dong/G-5198-2011; Lu, Zhao-Ping/A-2718-2009 OI Ma, Dong/0000-0003-3154-2454; NR 30 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD MAR PY 2007 VL 15 IS 3 BP 253 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2006.05.015 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 142CY UT WOS:000244627900005 ER PT J AU Matveev, KI Swift, GW Backhaus, S AF Matveev, Konstantin I. Swift, Gregory W. Backhaus, Scott TI Analytical solution for temperature profiles at the ends of thermal buffer tubes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE thermoacoustics; thermal buffer tube; pulse tube; interface; transition ID PULSE-TUBE; INTERFACE; MODEL AB The distortion of temperature profiles at the ends of thermal buffer tubes is related to the time-dependent gas pressure and motion in both nearly adiabatic and nearly isothermal environments during one acoustic cycle. The analytical solution for the mean temperature distribution is derived assuming zero heat conduction between gas parcels and linear acoustics with the acoustic wavelength much longer than other system dimensions. Theoretical results are compared with some experimental data and with results of numerical simulations that assume high heat conductivity. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Theory Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Matveev, KI (reprint author), Washington State Univ, MME Sch, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM matveev@hydrofoils.org RI Backhaus, Scott/F-4285-2012; OI Backhaus, Scott/0000-0002-0344-6791 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 50 IS 5-6 BP 897 EP 901 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.08.004 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 141JQ UT WOS:000244575000010 ER PT J AU Choi, GS Agarwal, S Kim, JH Das, CR Yoo, AB AF Choi, Gyu Sang Agarwal, Saurabh Kim, Jin-Ha Das, Chita R. Yoo, Andy B. TI Performance comparison of coscheduling algorithms for non-dedicated clusters through a generic framework SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE scheduling; measurements; distributed applications; cluster ID NETWORK AB In this paper, we address several key issues in designing coscheduling algorithms for clusters. First, we propose a generic framework for deploying coscheduling techniques by providing a reusable and dynamically loadable kernel module. Second, we implement several communication-driven coscheduling algorithms [dynamic coscheduling (DCS), spin block (SB) and periodic boost (PB)] on a 16-node Linux cluster using the above framework. Third, with exhaustive experimentation using mixed workloads, we observe that unlike PB, which provided the best performance on a Solaris platform, the SB scheme outperforms all other techniques on a Linux platform. Finally, we investigate the impact of several job placement strategies, multiprogramming level (MPL), communication intensity and CPU and I/O intensive jobs on the performance of these coscheduling schemes. The experimental results show that the blocking-based coscheduling scheme (SB) has better tolerance to system workload variation compared with the spin-based schemes (DCS and PB), and overall, the blocking-based coscheduling scheme seems a better choice for non-dedicated Linux clusters. C1 Samsung Elect, Samsung Adv Inst Technol, Yongin 446712, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. Univ Michigan, Ross Sch Business, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Samsung Networks, Seoul 135798, South Korea. Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Choi, GS (reprint author), Samsung Elect, Samsung Adv Inst Technol, Mt 14-1, Yongin 446712, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. EM GSC121.CHOI@SAMSUNG.COM NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1094-3420 EI 1741-2846 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 1 BP 91 EP 105 DI 10.1177/1094342006074868 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 136HV UT WOS:000244214100010 ER PT J AU Forsberg, CW AF Forsberg, Charles W. TI Future hydrogen markets for large-scale hydrogen production systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE hydrogen; liquid fuels; peak electricity; nuclear hydrogen AB The cost of delivered hydrogen includes production, storage, and distribution. For equal production costs, large users (> 10(6) m(3)/day) will favor high-volume centralized hydrogen production technologies to avoid collection costs for hydrogen from widely distributed sources. Potential hydrogen markets were examined to identify and characterize those markets that will favor large-scale hydrogen production technologies. The two high-volume centralized hydrogen production technologies are nuclear energy and fossil energy with carbon dioxide sequestration. The potential markets for these technologies are: (1) production of liquid fuels (gasoline, diesel and jet) including liquid fuels with no net greenhouse gas emissions and (2) peak electricity production. The development of high-volume centralized hydrogen production technologies requires an understanding of the markets to (1) define hydrogen production requirements (purity, pressure, volumes, need for co-product oxygen, etc.); (2) define and develop technologies to use the hydrogen, and (3) create the industrial partnerships to commercialize such technologies. (c) 2006 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Forsberg, CW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM forsbergcw@ornl.gov NR 19 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD MAR PY 2007 VL 32 IS 4 BP 431 EP 439 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.06.059 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 154HI UT WOS:000245497100001 ER PT J AU Herring, JS O'Brien, JE Stoots, CM Hawkes, GL Hartvigsen, JJ Shahnam, M AF Herring, J. Stephen O'Brien, James E. Stoots, Carl M. Hawkes, G. L. Hartvigsen, Joseph J. Shahnam, Mehrdad TI Progress in high-temperature electrolysis for hydrogen production using planar SOFC technology SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE hydrogen production; high-temperature electrolysis AB Experimental and modeling activities were performed, addressing the performance of solid-oxide cells, operating in steam electrolysis mode for hydrogen production. Experimental results were obtained from a 10-cell planar solid-oxide electrolysis stack. The electrolysis cells are electrolyte-supported, with scandia-stabilized zirconia electrolytes (similar to 140 mu m thick), nickel-cermet steam/hydrogen electrodes, and manganite air-side electrodes. Interconnect plates were fabricated from ferritic stainless steel. Experiments were performed over a range of 800-900 degrees C steam inlet mole fractions (0.1-0.6), gas flow rates (1000-4000sccm), and current densities (0-0.38A/cm(2)). Hydrogen production rates up to 90 Normal liters per hour were demonstrated. Stack performance is shown to be dependent on inlet steam flow rate. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was created. Measurements and CFD predictions of internal stack temperatures show a net cooling effect for operating voltages lower than thermal neutral, and a net heating effect at higher voltages. Model results compare favorably with experimental results obtained from the 10-cell stack. (c) 2006 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Ceramatec Inc, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. FLUENT Inc, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP O'Brien, JE (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, 2525 N Fremont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM J.Herring@inl.gov; james.obrien@inl.gov OI Hawkes, Grant/0000-0003-3496-8100 NR 9 TC 193 Z9 197 U1 8 U2 70 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD MAR PY 2007 VL 32 IS 4 BP 440 EP 450 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.06.061 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 154HI UT WOS:000245497100002 ER PT J AU Balachandran, U Lee, TH Dorris, SE AF Balachandran, U. (Balu) Lee, T. H. Dorris, S. E. TI Hydrogen production by water dissociation using mixed conducting dense ceramic membranes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE hydrogen production; water splitting; mixed conductor; ceramic membranes ID SRCO0.8FE0.2O3-DELTA MEMBRANES; POROUS-ELECTRODES; OXYGEN PERMEATION; DIFFUSION AB Significant amounts of hydrogen or oxygen can be generated at moderate temperatures (500-900 degrees C) if a mixed-conducting (i.e., electron- and ion-conducting) membrane is used to remove either oxygen or hydrogen as it is generated. We demonstrated this in a previous study using cermet (i.e., ceramic-metal composite) membranes composed of an oxygen ion conductor, Gd-doped CeO2 (CGO), and an electronic conductor, Ni. In the present study, we show several ways to increase the hydrogen production rate by water dissociation with mixed-conducting membranes. Producing CGO/Ni membranes with a finer microstructure enlarged the triple-phase-boundary area, and increased the hydrogen production rate to approximate to 10 cm(3)(STP)/ min-cm(2). Using a single-phase, mixed-conducting membranes [SrFeCo0.5Ox(SFC2)] also produced higher hydrogen production rates, relative to dual-phase cermet membranes. ((c) 2006 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Balachandran, U (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM balu@anl.gov NR 10 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD MAR PY 2007 VL 32 IS 4 BP 451 EP 456 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.05.010 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 154HI UT WOS:000245497100003 ER PT J AU Stewart, FF Orme, CJ Jones, MG AF Stewart, Frederick F. Orme, Christopher J. Jones, Michael G. TI Membrane processes for the sulfur-iodine thermochemical cycle SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE thermochemical cycles; pervaporation; membranes; hydriodic acid ID PERFLUORINATED IONOMER MEMBRANES; PERVAPORATION; NAFION; DEHYDRATION; WATER; ACID; POLYMER AB Removal of water from aqueous hydriodic acid (HI) by pervaporation using Nation-117 (R) membranes was studied. Specifically, Nation membranes were used to separate water from HI at concentrations from 18% to 70% and at temperatures ranging from 22 to 109 degrees C. Initial fluxes of the more dilute acid solutions were as high as 1500 g/m(2) It with a separation factor (a) of 139. Furthermore, separation factors as high as 500-700 were obtained for more concentrated samples. In general, increased temperatures yielded higher fluxes with lower separation factors. and higher feed concentrations gave lower fluxes with higher separation factors. Activation energies of transport (E-J) values were calculated for lower and higher concentration HI feeds and compared to pure water pervaporation. These data suggest that the degree of protonation and mole fraction water in the feed influence transport kinetics and that boundary layer issues become more prevalent at higher HI concentrations. (c) 2006 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Stewart, FF (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Frederick.Stewart@INL.gov NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD MAR PY 2007 VL 32 IS 4 BP 457 EP 462 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.06.055 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 154HI UT WOS:000245497100004 ER PT J AU Ginosar, DM Petkovic, LM Glenn, AW Burch, KC AF Ginosar, Daniel M. Petkovic, Lucia M. Glenn, Anne W. Burch, Kyle C. TI Stability of supported platinum sulfuric acid decomposition catalysts for use in thermochemical water splitting cycles SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE hydrogen; sulfur cycles; sulfuric acid decomposition; catalyst stability ID HYDROGEN; DEACTIVATION; PT/AL2O3 AB The activity and stability of several metal oxide supported platinum catalysts were explored for the sulfuric acid decomposition reaction. The acid decomposition reaction is common to several sulfur based thermochemical water splitting cycles. Reactions were carried out using a feed of concentrated liquid sulfuric acid (96 wt%) at atmospheric pressure at temperatures between 800 and 850 degrees C and a weight hour space velocity of 52g acid/g catalyst/h. Reactions were run at high space velocities such that variations in kinetics were not masked by surplus catalyst. The influence of exposure to reaction conditions was explored for three catalysts; 0.1-0.2 wt% Pt supported on alumina, zirconia and titania. The higher surface area Pt/Al2O3 and Pt/ZrO2 catalysts had the highest activity but deactivated rapidly. A low surface area Pt/TiO2 catalyst had good stability in short term tests, but slowly lost activity for over 200h of continuous operation. (c) 2006 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Idaho Complet Project, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Ginosar, DM (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM daniel.ginosar@inl.gov RI Petkovic, Lucia/E-9092-2011; Ginosar, Daniel/C-2357-2017 OI Petkovic, Lucia/0000-0002-0870-3355; Ginosar, Daniel/0000-0002-8522-1659 NR 15 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD MAR PY 2007 VL 32 IS 4 BP 482 EP 488 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006-06.053 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 154HI UT WOS:000245497100007 ER PT J AU Simpson, MF Utgikar, V Sachdev, P McGrady, C AF Simpson, Michael F. Utgikar, Vivek Sachdev, Prateek McGrady, Christopher TI A novel method for producing hydrogen based on the Ca-Br cycle SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE nuclear hydrogen production; water splitting; Ca-Br cycle; molten salt ID ELECTROLYSIS AB The Ca-Br cycle is a promising method for efficiently producing hydrogen from water; however, it suffers from limitations inherent to gas-solid reactions. The cycle depends on the repeatable transformation of calcium bromide to calcium oxide and back to calcium bromide. The use of pure solids for these reactions would lead to rapid particle degradation and slow reaction kinetics. To circumvent these problems, a new reactor concept based on molten calcium bromide with dissolved calcium oxide has been proposed and developed. Preliminary experimental results indicate that the solubility of calcium oxide in calcium bromide at 800 degrees C is at least 1.2wt%, a level that is expected to be high enough to make the proposed process work as designed. Early attempts to hydrolyze molten calcium bromide indicated that solid calcium oxide formation may inhibit reactivity, and thus injection of the moisture into the salt must be optimized. (c) 2006 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. Univ Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Simpson, MF (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Mat & Fuels Complex,POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. EM michael.simpson@inl.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD MAR PY 2007 VL 32 IS 4 BP 505 EP 509 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.06.054 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 154HI UT WOS:000245497100010 ER PT J AU Forrestal, MJ Wright, TW Chen, W AF Forrestal, M. J. Wright, T. W. Chen, W. TI The effect of radial inertia on brittle samples during the split Hopkinson pressure bar test SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Hopkinson bar; sample radial inertia; brittle materials; large diameter samples ID CONCRETE; COMPRESSION; STRENGTH; RATES AB For a valid split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) or Kolsky compression bar experiment, the sample should be in dynamic stress equilibrium over most of the test duration. In this study, we investigate the effect of radial inertia on elastic samples during a valid SHPB test. We present closed-form equations for the three additional stress components induced by radial inertia for incompressible and compressible, linear elastic samples. These equations should assist in the early experimental designs. As the experiments proceed and more is learned about the sample response, numerical analysis can be used to obtain a more refined account of the sample response and dynamic material strength. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Aero Astro, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Chen, W (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Aero Astro, 315 N Grant St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM wchen@purdue.edu NR 21 TC 49 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X EI 1879-3509 J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 34 IS 3 BP 405 EP 411 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2005.12.001 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 128WG UT WOS:000243689800002 ER PT J AU Malone, JD AF Malone, John D. TI Pre-event smallpox vaccination for healthcare workers revisited - the need for a carefully screened multidisciplinary cadre SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE healthcare worker; smallpox vaccination complications; smallpox transmission model ID UNITED-STATES; BIOTERRORIST SMALLPOX; ATOPIC-DERMATITIS; COMPLICATIONS; PROGRAM; ATTACK AB As healthcare institutions are a focus of smallpox transmission early in an epidemic, several mathematical models support pre-event smallpox vaccination of healthcare workers (HCWs). The deciding factor for HCW voluntary vaccination is the risk of disease exposure versus the risk of vaccine adverse events. In a United States military population, with careful screening to exclude atopic dermatitis/eczema and immunosuppression, over 1 million vaccinia (smallpox) vaccinations were delivered with one fatality attributed to vaccination. Among 37 901 United States civilian volunteer HCWs vaccinated, 100 serious adverse events were reported including 10 ischemic cardiac episodes and six myocardial infarctions - two were fatal. This older population had a higher rate of adverse events due to age-retated coronary artery disease. T-cell mediated inflammatory processes induced by live vaccinia vaccination may have a role in the observed acute coronary artery events. With exclusion of individuals at risk for coronary artery disease, atopic dermatitis/eczema, and immunosuppression, HCWs can be smallpox vaccinated with minimal risk. A carefully screened multidisciplinary cadre (physician, nurse, infection control practitioner, technician), pre-event vaccinated for smallpox, wilt supply the necessary leadership to alleviate fear and uncertainty while limiting spread and initial mortality of smallpox. (c) 2007 International Society for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Ctr Biol Monitoring & Modeling, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Malone, JD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Ctr Biol Monitoring & Modeling, MSIN-P7-51,902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jdmalone@usuhs.mil NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1201-9712 J9 INT J INFECT DIS JI Int. J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 11 IS 2 BP 93 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.ijid.2006.11.005 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 146RT UT WOS:000244953100004 PM 17306582 ER PT J AU Perkins, MP Cao, R Neilson, JM Vernon, RJ AF Perkins, Michael P. Cao, Rong Neilson, Jeffrey M. Vernon, Ronald J. TI A high efficiency launcher and mirror system for use in a 110 GHZ TE22,6 mode gyrotron SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES LA English DT Article DE gyrotron; mode converter; mirror; launcher ID QUASI-OPTICAL LAUNCHERS; 110-GHZ GYROTRON; CONVERTER; FIELD; INTENSITY AB A four-mirror internal quasi-optical mode converter designed for a CPI gyrotron is discussed. Many improved methods were used in designing the mode converter. The launcher was designed and analyzed using the TOL and Surf3d codes developed by CCR. Mirrors 1 and 2 were designed using analytic surfaces to shape the general wavefront curvature of the beam radiated from the launcher. Mirrors 3 and 4 were iteratively designed using improved techniques that produced smooth mirror surfaces. Good agreement was found between theory and low-power cold-test measurements. The fraction of power coupled between the target Gaussian beam and the output of mirror 4, inferred from measurements, was 0.990. The stray radiation from the internal quasi-optical mode converter, inferred from measurements, was only 1.9% of the total power radiated from the launcher. This resulted in a high overall system efficiency of 97.0%, which is greater than previous designs. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Calabazas Creek Res, Saratoga, CA 95070 USA. RP Perkins, MP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM perkins22@llnl.gov NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-9271 J9 INT J INFRARED MILLI JI Int. J. Infrared Millimeter Waves PD MAR PY 2007 VL 28 IS 3 BP 207 EP 218 DI 10.1007/s10762-007-9200-5 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 152IT UT WOS:000245356400001 ER PT J AU Liao, TW Ting, CF Qu, J Blau, PJ AF Liao, T. Warren Ting, Chi-Fen Qu, J. Blau, P. J. TI A wavelet-based methodology for grinding wheel condition monitoring SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MACHINE TOOLS & MANUFACTURE LA English DT Article DE grinding wheel wear; condition monitoring; discrete wavelet decomposition; acoustic emission; adaptive genetic algorithm; clustering ID VALIDITY INDEX; CLUSTERS; SYSTEM; SURFACE AB Grinding wheel surface condition changes as more material is removed. This paper presents a wavelet-based methodology for grinding wheel condition monitoring based on acoustic emission (AE) signals. Grinding experiments in creep feed mode were conducted to grind alumina specimens with a resinoid-bonded diamond wheel using two different conditions. During the experiments, AE signals were collected when the wheel was 'sharp' and when the wheel was 'dull'. Discriminant features were then extracted from each raw AE signal segment using the discrete wavelet decomposition procedure. An adaptive genetic clustering algorithm was finally applied to the extracted features in order to distinguish different states of grinding wheel condition. The test results indicate that the proposed methodology can achieve 97% clustering accuracy for the high material removal rate condition, 86.7% for the low material removal rate condition, and 76.7% for the combined grinding conditions if the base wavelet, the decomposition level, and the GA parameters are properly selected. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Liao, TW (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Ind Engn, 3128 CEBA, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM ieliao@lsu.edu RI Liao, Thunshun/B-2724-2009; OI Qu, Jun/0000-0001-9466-3179 NR 20 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0890-6955 J9 INT J MACH TOOL MANU JI Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 580 EP 592 DI 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2006.05.008 PG 13 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 133CZ UT WOS:000243990500018 ER PT J AU Enikeev, NA Abdullin, MF Nazarov, AA Beyerlein, IJ AF Enikeev, Nariman A. Abdullin, Marat F. Nazarov, Ayrat A. Beyerlein, Irene J. TI Modelling grain refinement in fcc metals during equal-channel angular pressing by route "C" SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE equal channel angular pressing (ECAP); grain refinement; substructure; texture; modelling ID TEXTURE EVOLUTION; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; SELF-CONSISTENT; SIMPLE SHEAR; EXTRUSION; POLYCRYSTALS; COPPER; MICROSTRUCTURE; ALUMINUM; ECAE AB Grain refinement and texture evolution during equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) by route "C" are modelled by the visco-plastic self-consistent (VPSC) model incorporating a disclination-based grain subdivision criterion. Simple shear and analytical fan models are used to describe the deformation history during ECAP. Textures calculated after the first four passes of ECAP by both the standard VPSC and the VPSC/disclination models are compared to available experimental data that show a better predictive capacity of the model incorporating the disclination subdivision criterion. C1 Ufa State Aviat Tech Univ, Inst Phys Adv Mat, Ufa, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Nazarov, AA (reprint author), 12K Marx Str, Ufa 450000, Russia. EM AANazarov@mail.rb.ru RI Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011; OI Enikeev, Nariman/0000-0002-7503-8949 NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 86 04 20, D-81679 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 1862-5282 J9 INT J MATER RES JI Int. J. Mater. Res. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 98 IS 3 BP 167 EP 171 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 155OP UT WOS:000245587700002 ER PT J AU Zhernakov, VS Budilov, IN Alexandrov, IV Beyerlein, IJ AF Zhernakov, V. S. Budilov, I. N. Alexandrov, I. V. Beyerlein, I. J. TI Comparison of the plastic strain distribution during equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) using 2D and 3D FEM modeling SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ECAP (ECAE); severe plastic deformation; equivalent stress distributions; 3D finite element analysis ID FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; TEXTURE EVOLUTION; EXTRUSION; DEFORMATION; COPPER; MICROSTRUCTURE; HETEROGENEITY; UNIFORMITY; BEHAVIOR; ROUTE AB The plastic flow of a copper billet calculated using 2D and 3D finite element modeling are compared during a single extrusion of equal-channel angular pressing. Both models predict deformation heterogeneity irrespective of material behavior, die geometry and friction conditions. On the symmetry plane where the numerical approaches can be compared, their strain distributions differ, especially as the processing conditions deviate from the ideal conditions. Overall the three-dimensional finite element model calculates lower plastic strains than the two-dimensional model. C1 Ufa State Aviat Tech Univ, Dept Phys, Ufa 450000, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Alexandrov, IV (reprint author), Ufa State Aviat Tech Univ, Dept Phys, 12 K Marx St, Ufa 450000, Russia. EM iva@mail.rb.ru RI Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 86 04 20, D-81679 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 1862-5282 J9 INT J MATER RES JI Int. J. Mater. Res. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 98 IS 3 BP 178 EP 183 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 155OP UT WOS:000245587700004 ER PT J AU Thien, AB Park, G Farrar, CR AF Thien, Andrew B. Park, Gyuhae Farrar, Charles R. TI Health monitoring of pipeline systems using Macro-Fiber Composite active-sensors SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STEEL STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT United States-Korea Joint Workshop on Smart Structures Technology for Steel Structures CY NOV 16-18, 2006 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Korea Soc Steel Construct, Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Smart Infrastructures Technol Ctr DE structural health monitoring; macro-fiber composites; lamb wave propagation; piezoelectric materials ID GUIDED-WAVES; LAMB WAVES; PIPES; INSPECTION; REFLECTION; NOTCHES AB The objective of this research is to demonstrate the benefits and feasibility of a structural health monitoring (SHM) system for pipeline structures. The proposed SHM system relies upon the deployment of Macro-Fiber Composite (MFC) transducers for the sensor array. Because MFC patches are flexible and resilient, they can be permanently mounted to the curved surface of a pipeline's main body. The presented Lamb wave methods using MFC transducers as sensors and actuators demonstrate the ability to correctly identify and locate the presence of damage in the main body of the pipeline system, including cracks and corrosion. By implementing a SHM system with pipelines, their structural integrity can be continuously monitored, reducing the overall risks and costs associated with traditional inspection methods. C1 [Thien, Andrew B.; Park, Gyuhae; Farrar, Charles R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Park, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gpark@lanl.gov NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU KOREAN SOC STEEL CONSTRUCTION-KSSC PI SEOUL PA 106-18 MUNJUNG-DONG, SONGPA-KU, SEOUL, 138-200, SOUTH KOREA SN 1598-2351 J9 INT J STEEL STRUCT JI Int. J. Steel Struct. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 7 IS 1 BP 33 EP 48 PG 16 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 291RQ UT WOS:000255214900006 ER PT J AU Peurrung, L Ferris, K Osman, TM AF Peurrung, Loni Ferris, Kim Osman, Todd M. TI The materials informatics workshop: Theory and application SO JOM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Mat, Richland, WA USA. RP Peurrung, L (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Mat, Richland, WA USA. EM loni.peurrung@pni.gov NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD MAR PY 2007 VL 59 IS 3 BP 50 EP 50 DI 10.1007/s11837-007-0039-y PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 144VX UT WOS:000244825600013 ER PT J AU Gasperikova, E Beard, LP AF Gasperikova, Erika Beard, Les P. TI Special issue on geophysics applied discrimination of unexploded to detection and ordnance - Preface SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Gasperikova, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90R1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM egasperikova@lbl.gov; BeardL@Battelle.org RI Gasperikova, Erika/D-1117-2015 OI Gasperikova, Erika/0000-0003-1553-4569 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-9851 J9 J APPL GEOPHYS JI J. Appl. Geophys. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 61 IS 3-4 BP 165 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2006.06.007 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 152RD UT WOS:000245378600001 ER PT J AU Smith, JT Morrison, HF Doolittle, LR Tseng, HW AF Smith, J. Torquil Morrison, H. Frank Doolittle, Lawrence R. Tseng, Hung-Wen TI Multi-transmitter multi-receiver null coupled systems for inductive detection and characterization of metallic objects SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic induction; unexploded ordnance (UXO); receiver nulling; multi-transmitter multi-receiver systems AB Equivalent dipole polarizabilities are a succinct way to summarize the inductive response of an isolated conductive body at distances greater than the scale of the body. Their estimation requires measurement of secondary magnetic fields due to currents induced in the body by time varying magnetic fields in at least three linearly independent (e.g., orthogonal) directions. Secondary fields due to an object are typically orders of magnitude smaller than the primary inducing fields near the primary field sources (transmitters). Receiver coils may be oriented orthogonal to primary fields from one or two transmitters, nulling their response to those fields, but simultaneously nulling to fields of additional transmitters is problematic. If transmitter coils are constructed symmetrically with respect to inversion in a point, their magnetic fields are symmetric with respect to that point. If receiver coils are operated in pairs symmetric with respect to inversion in the same point, then their differenced output is insensitive to the primary fields of any symmetrically constructed transmitters, allowing nulling to three (or more) transmitters. With a sufficient number of receivers pairs, object equivalent dipole polarizabilities can be estimated in situ from measurements at a single instrument sitting, eliminating effects of inaccurate instrument location on polarizability estimates. The method is illustrated with data from a multi-transmitter multi-receiver system with primary field nulling through differenced receiver pairs, interpreted in terms of principal equivalent dipole polarizabilities as a function of time. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Smith, JT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JTSmith@LBL.gov; HFMonison@Berkeley.edu; LDoolitt@LBL.gov; HWTseng@LBL.gov NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-9851 J9 J APPL GEOPHYS JI J. Appl. Geophys. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 61 IS 3-4 BP 227 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2006.05.011 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 152RD UT WOS:000245378600007 ER PT J AU Cook, BA Kramer, MJ Wei, X Harringa, JL Levin, EM AF Cook, B. A. Kramer, M. J. Wei, X. Harringa, J. L. Levin, E. M. TI Nature of the cubic to rhombohedral structural transformation in (AgSbTe2)(15)(GeTe)(85) thermoelectric material SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RESISTIVITY; CONDUCTIVITY; CONVERSION; FIGURE; MERIT; GETE AB The existence of a large thermoelectric figure of merit in (AgSbTe2)(15)(GeTe)(85) has been known for many years. However, the nature of the crystallographic transformation in these materials from a high-temperature cubic to a low-temperature rhombohedral polymorph and its effect on electrical transport has not been clearly established. Transmission electron microscopy studies were performed that show extensive twinning in the low-temperature structure, resulting from lattice strain during the dilation along the (111) crystallographic direction. Analysis of differential scanning calorimetric studies indicates that the transformation is of second order, so that the high-temperature cubic phase is nonquenchable. High-temperature x-ray diffraction was performed to establish the transformation temperature, which was found to be complete upon heating at a temperature of 510 K. Results of electrical conductivity measurements as a function of temperature on as-cast samples are discussed in terms of the observed twinning. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Cook, BA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM cook@ameslab.gov NR 28 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 48 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 5 AR 053715 DI 10.1063/1.2645675 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 146PB UT WOS:000244945400076 ER PT J AU Krasik, YE Gleizer, S Gurovich, V Kronhaus, I Hershcovitch, A Nozar, P Taliani, C AF Krasik, Ya. E. Gleizer, S. Gurovich, V. Kronhaus, I. Hershcovitch, A. Nozar, P. Taliani, C. TI Plasma window characterization SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ARC PLASMA; TRANSMISSION; ATMOSPHERE; RADIATION; VACUUM; ARGON AB Parameters of an arc Ar plasma discharge used as a plasma window with a discharge current of similar to 50 A and a voltage of similar to 58 V are presented. It is shown that this arc discharge allows one to decrease the pressure at the low pressure end of the plasma window almost 380 times using relatively low pumping at the low pressure end of the plasma window. Calculations of the plasma parameters and their spatial distribution using a simple wall-stabilized arc model showed a satisfactory agreement with the experimentally obtained data. It is shown that a significant decrease in gas flow through the plasma window occurs due to the increase in plasma viscosity. An improvement of the plasma window ignition and some of its design aspects are described as well. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Ist Studio Mat Nanostrutturati, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. RP Krasik, YE (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. EM fnkrasik@physics.technion.ac.il RI Krasik, Yakov/N-4606-2014 NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 5 AR 053305 DI 10.1063/1.2472280 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 146PB UT WOS:000244945400022 ER PT J AU Oulianov, DA Crowell, RA Gosztola, DJ Shkrob, IA Korovyanko, OJ Rey-de-Castro, RC AF Oulianov, Dmitri A. Crowell, Robert A. Gosztola, David J. Shkrob, Ilya A. Korovyanko, Oleg J. Rey-de-Castro, Roberto C. TI Ultrafast pulse radiolysis using a terawatt laser wakefield accelerator SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PICOSECOND TIME RESOLUTION; GEMINATE ION RECOMBINATION; PHOTOCATHODE RF GUN; HYDRATED ELECTRON; LIQUID WATER; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; PLASMA ACCELERATORS; FEMTOSECOND LASER; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; CHARGE-TRANSFER AB We report ultrafast pulse radiolysis transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy measurements from the Terawatt Ultrafast High Field Facility (TUHFF) at Argonne National Laboratory. TUHFF houses a 20 TW Ti:sapphire laser system that generates 2.5 nC subpicosecond pulses of multi-mega-electron-volt electrons at 10 Hz using laser wakefield acceleration. The system has been specifically optimized for kinetic TA measurements in a pump-probe fashion. This requires averaging over many shots which necessitates stable, reliable generation of electron pulses. The latter were used to generate excess electrons in pulse radiolysis of liquid water and concentrated solutions of perchloric acid. The hydronium ions in the acidic solutions react with the hydrated electrons resulting in the rapid decay of the transient absorbance at 800 nm on the picosecond time scale. Normalization of the TA signal leads to an improvement in the signal to noise ratio by a factor of 5 to 6. Due the pointing instability of the laser this improvement was limited to a 5 to 10 min acquisition period, requiring periodic recalibration and realignment. Time resolution, defined by the rise time of TA signal from hydrated electron in pulse radiolysis of liquid water, of a few picoseconds, has been demonstrated. The current time resolution is determined primarily by the physical dimensions of the sample and the detection sensitivity. Subpicosecond time resolution can be achieved by using thinner samples, more sensitive detection techniques, and improved electron beam quality. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Crowell, RA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rob_crowell@anl.gov RI Gosztola, David/D-9320-2011 OI Gosztola, David/0000-0003-2674-1379 NR 73 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 5 AR 053102 DI 10.1063/1.2696204 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 146PB UT WOS:000244945400002 ER PT J AU Santos, CC Silva, EN Ayala, AP Guedes, I Pizani, PS Loong, CK Boatner, LA AF Santos, C. C. Silva, E. N. Ayala, A. P. Guedes, I. Pizani, P. S. Loong, C. -K. Boatner, L. A. TI Raman investigations of rare earth orthovanadates SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DOPED LUTETIUM ORTHOPHOSPHATE; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SPECTRA; PHONON; VANADATES; LATTICE AB Polarized Raman spectroscopy has been used to obtain the room-temperature phonon spectra of the series of rare earth orthovanadate single crystals: SmVO4, HoVO4, YbVO4, and LuVO4. The observed Raman frequencies follow the overall mode distribution expected for REVO4 compounds with the tetragonal zircon structure. The variation of the mode frequency with atomic number across the lanthanide orthovanadate series was investigated, and the trend exhibited by the internal modes was explained by considering the force constants of VO4 tetrahedron. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Fis, BR-60455970 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Fis, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Radiat Detect Mat & Syst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guedes, I (reprint author), Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Fis, Caixa Postal 6030,Capus Pici, BR-60455970 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. EM guedes@fisica.ufc.br RI Silva, Eder/H-3653-2012; Santos, Clenilton/I-2540-2012; GUEDES, ILDE/C-3451-2013; Pizani, Paulo/C-2689-2013; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013; UFC, DF/E-1564-2017; Ayala, Alejandro/A-7518-2008; Universidade Federal do Ceara, Physics Department/J-4630-2016; OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594; Ayala, Alejandro/0000-0002-9247-6780; Universidade Federal do Ceara, Physics Department/0000-0002-9247-6780; GUEDES, ILDE/0000-0002-1040-5891 NR 23 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 5 AR 053511 DI 10.1063/1.2437676 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 146PB UT WOS:000244945400037 ER PT J AU Setchell, RE AF Setchell, Robert E. TI Shock wave compression of the ferroelectric ceramic Pb-0.99(Zr0.95Ti0.05)(0.98)Nb0.02O3: Microstructural effects SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LEAD-ZIRCONATE-TITANATE; SAPPHIRE AB Shock wave compression of poled Pb-0.99(Zr0.95Ti0.05)(0.98)Nb0.02O3 results in rapid depoling and release of bound charge. Different porous microstructures can be produced in the material by adding different types and amounts of organic pore formers prior to bisque firing and sintering. In previous studies, extensive planar-impact experiments on a baseline material having a fixed porous microstructure were conducted to determine Hugoniot states, to examine constitutive mechanical properties during shock propagation, and to investigate shock-induced depoling characteristics. Additional comparative experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of a different porous microstructure in a material having the same density, and also the effects of different initial densities. These comparisons indicated that differences in the porous microstructure of common-density materials have little effect on mechanical and electrical shock properties, in contrast to large effects observed when initial density is varied. To examine microstructural effects more extensively in the present study, additional common-density materials having distinctly different microstructures were prepared. Each material was made using spherical pore formers having diameters within a narrow range, with the mean diameter varying over a broad range between the different materials. Normally poled samples of each material were subjected to two particular experimental conditions that had proved useful for revealing important depoling and yielding properties in the baseline material. Results from materials made with larger pore formers again indicated that shock properties are insensitive to microstructural differences in common-density materials. Materials made with the smallest pore formers were an important exception, with the most noticeable difference being a significantly higher threshold for dynamic yielding. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Setchell, RE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM resetch@sandia.gov NR 11 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 5 AR 053525 DI 10.1063/1.2697428 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 146PB UT WOS:000244945400051 ER PT J AU Tringe, JW Felter, TE Talley, CE Morse, JD Stevens, CG Castelaz, JM Wetzel, C AF Tringe, J. W. Felter, T. E. Talley, C. E. Morse, J. D. Stevens, C. G. Castelaz, J. M. Wetzel, C. TI Radiation damage mechanisms for luminescence in Eu-doped GaN SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; EMISSION; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; TEMPERATURE; ER AB Thin films of Eu-doped GaN were irradiated with 500 keV He+ ions to understand radiation damage mechanisms and to quantify luminescence efficiency. The dependence of ion-beam-induced luminescence intensity on ion fluence was consistent with the simultaneous creation of nonradiative defects and the destruction of luminescent centers associated with 4f-4f core-level transitions in Eu3+. This model contrasts with a previous description which takes into account only nonradiative defect generation in GaN:Eu. Based on light from a BaF2 scintillator standard, the luminescent energy generation efficiency of GaN:Eu films doped to similar to 3x10(18) cm(-3) Eu is estimated to be similar to 0.1%. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Tringe, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM tringe2@llnl.gov RI Wetzel, Christian/O-4017-2014 OI Wetzel, Christian/0000-0002-6055-0990 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 5 AR 054902 DI 10.1063/1.2696527 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 146PB UT WOS:000244945400162 ER PT J AU Won, C Keavney, DJ Bader, SD AF Won, C. Keavney, D. J. Bader, S. D. TI Phase separation and nanoparticle formation in Cr-dosed FePt thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; PERPENDICULAR ANISOTROPY AB Cr-dosed FePt films with total thicknesses of 1.8 and 3.6 nm were grown in an ultrahigh vacuum at room temperature and studied by means of the surface magneto-optic Kerr effect, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. After annealing at 550 degrees C, the L1(0) and A1 phases are spatially separated. In the L1(0) phase, round nanoparticles form that are 15 +/- 4.8 nm in diameter and possess out-of-plane magnetic easy axes. An addition of < 0.01 nm Cr enhances the coercivity (similar to 0.9 T), which then decreases with additional Cr, and a spin reorientation transition occurs near 0.3 nm Cr dosage as the L1(0) islands disappear. Segregation of Cr during annealing is believed to be responsible for the formation of round FePt islands and the separation of the L1(0) islands and planar A1 phase. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanosci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Won, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM won@anl.gov RI Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 5 AR 053901 DI 10.1063/1.2436926 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 146PB UT WOS:000244945400081 ER PT J AU Mattioli, V Westwater, ER Cimini, D Liljegren, JC Lesht, BM Gutman, SI Schmidlin, FJ AF Mattioli, V. Westwater, E. R. Cimini, D. Liljegren, J. C. Lesht, B. M. Gutman, S. I. Schmidlin, F. J. TI Analysis of radiosonde and ground-based remotely sensed PWV data from the 2004 North Slope of Alaska Arctic Winter Radiometric Experiment SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVE OBSERVATION PERIODS; CHILLED-MIRROR HYGROMETER; GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; WATER-VAPOR MEASUREMENTS; MICROWAVE RADIOMETERS; PRECIPITABLE WATER; GPS METEOROLOGY; TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE; TROPOSPHERE AB During 9 March-9 April 2004, the North Slope of Alaska Arctic Winter Radiometric Experiment was conducted at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program's ( ARM) "Great White" field site near Barrow, Alaska. The major goals of the experiment were to compare microwave and millimeter wavelength radiometers and to develop forward models in radiative transfer, all with a focus on cold ( temperature from 0 degrees to - 40 degrees C) and dry [ precipitable water vapor ( PWV) < 0.5 cm] conditions. To supplement the remote sensors, several radiosonde packages were deployed: Vaisala RS90 launched at the ARM Duplex and at the Great White and Sippican VIZ-B2 operated by the NWS. In addition, eight dual-radiosonde launches were conducted at the Duplex with Vaisala RS90 and Sippican GPS Mark II, the latter one modified to include a chilled mirror humidity sensor. Temperature comparisons showed a nighttime bias between VIZ-B2 and RS90, which reached 3.5 degrees C at 30 hPa. Relative humidity comparisons indicated better than 5% average agreement between the RS90 and the chilled mirror. A bias of about 20% for the upper troposphere was found in the VIZ-B2 and the Mark II measurements relative to both RS90 and the chilled mirror. Comparisons in PWV were made between a microwave radiometer, a microwave profiler, a global positioning system receiver, and the radiosonde types. An RMS agreement of 0.033 cm was found between the radiometer and the profiler and better than 0.058 cm between the radiometers and GPS. RS90 showed a daytime dry bias on PWV of about 0.02 cm. C1 Univ Perugia, DIEI, I-06125 Perugia, Italy. Sci & Technol Corp, Hampton, VA USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, ESRL Phys Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. CNR, Inst Methodol Environm Anal, Tito, Italy. Argonne Natl Lab, DOE, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NOAA, Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. RP Mattioli, V (reprint author), Univ Perugia, DIEI, Via G Duranti 93, I-06125 Perugia, Italy. EM vinia.mattioli@diei.unipg.it RI Cimini, Domenico/M-8707-2013; OI Cimini, Domenico/0000-0002-5962-223X; Lesht, Barry/0000-0003-0801-4290 NR 39 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 24 IS 3 BP 415 EP 431 DI 10.1175/JTECH1982.1 PG 17 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 150MX UT WOS:000245222000008 ER PT J AU Ostgaard, N Mende, SB Frey, HU Sigwarth, JB Asnes, A Weygand, JM AF Ostgaard, N. Mende, S. B. Frey, H. U. Sigwarth, J. B. Asnes, A. Weygand, J. M. TI Auroral conjugacy studies based on global imaging SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Yosemite Workshop on Global Aspects of Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling CY FEB 07-10, 2006 CL Yosemite Natl Park, Yosemite, CA HO Yosemite Natl Park DE conjugate imaging; cusp aurora; theta aurora; substorm location; magnetospheric configuration; IMF control ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; SUBSTORM ONSET; POLAR SPACECRAFT; NORTHWARD IMF; HEMISPHERES; LOCATION; ARCS; MAGNETOSPHERE; RECONNECTION; MAGNETOPAUSE AB Simultaneous global imaging in the ultraviolet wavelengths by IMAGE and Polar, enable us to examine auroral features in the conjugate hemispheres. With an imaging cadence of 2 and 1 min for IMAGE-FUV and Polar VIS Earth camera, respectively, we have examined dynamic features such as substorm onsets and cusp precipitation as well as slowly varying phenomena such as theta aurora. In this paper, we review the main findings from these studies and present new evidence of the IMF clock angle control of the asymmetric substorm onset locations. Simultaneous images from the opposite hemispheres show asymmetric cusp auroras and their locations are controlled by IMF B-y and dipole tilt angle. Our imaging results demonstrate. that theta aurora can be a non-conjugate phenomenon. We suggest that IMF B-x controls in which hemisphere the theta aurora occurs. For substorm onset locations, we have found that there exists a systematic displacement in one hemisphere compared to the other. The relative displacement of onset locations in the conjugate hemispheres is found to be controlled primarily by the IMF clock angle. Compared with some of the existing magnetic field models, the observed asymmetries are an order of magnitude larger than the model predictions. Statistical distribution of substorm onset locations in the southern and northern hemispheres for different clock angles enables us to validate the IMF clock angle control. Based on similar to 3000 substorm onsets in the northern hemisphere and similar to 1000 in the southern hemisphere observed by IMAGE we find a remarkable support for our previous findings. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bergen, Dept Phys & Technol, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Extratterrestrial Phys, Electrodynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Ostgaard, N (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Dept Phys & Technol, Allegt 55, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. EM Nikolai.Ostgaard@ift.uib.no OI Frey, Harald/0000-0001-8955-3282 NR 34 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 69 IS 3 SI SI BP 249 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2006.05.026 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 158EK UT WOS:000245773900006 ER PT J AU Pulkkinen, TI Palmroth, M Tanskanen, EI Ganushkina, NY Shukhtina, MA Dmitrieva, NP AF Pulkkinen, T. I. Palmroth, M. Tanskanen, E. I. Ganushkina, N. Yu. Shukhtina, M. A. Dmitrieva, N. P. TI Solar wind-magneto sphere coupling: A review of recent results SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Yosemite Workshop on Global Aspects of Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling CY FEB 07-10, 2006 CL Yosemite Natl Park, Yosemite, CA HO Yosemite Natl Park DE substorms; storms; energy budget; magnetotail ID PRESSURE; STORMS; SHEET; DST AB This paper reviews some aspects of solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere interaction. It is shown that in addition to the interplanetary electric field, the solar wind dynamic pressure also has a significant role in determining the state, dynamics, and energetics of the system. It is demonstrated how the state of the magnetosphere and the prior driving affect the amount of energy input to the system, which highlights the capability of the magnetosphere to control the energy flow. The active role of the magnetosphere in determining the dynamics is illustrated by statistical results of the flux balance in the magnetotail and the various dynamic cycles the system can enter. The inner magnetosphere processes during storms are shown to be a result of a complex interplay of processes at the magnetopause and in the magnetotail in response to the solar wind driving. The conclusions are drawn from statistical observational results, empirical models, and global MHD simulations. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. St Petersburg State Univ, VA Fok Inst Phys, St Petersburg 198904, Russia. RP Pulkkinen, TI (reprint author), Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. EM tuija.pulkkinen@fmi.fi RI Pulkkinen, Tuija/D-8403-2012; Dmitrieva, Nanalya/I-7525-2013; Shukhtina, Maria/K-3783-2013; Ganushkina, Natalia/K-6314-2013; Dmitrieva, Natalya/Q-3549-2016 OI Pulkkinen, Tuija/0000-0002-6317-381X; Shukhtina, Maria/0000-0001-7892-8392; Dmitrieva, Natalya/0000-0003-1459-9440 NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 69 IS 3 SI SI BP 256 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2006.05.029 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 158EK UT WOS:000245773900007 ER PT J AU Challacombe, JF Duncan, AJ Brettin, TS Bruce, D Chertkov, O Detter, JC Han, CS Misra, M Richardson, P Tapia, R Thayer, N Xie, G Inzana, TJ AF Challacombe, Jean F. Duncan, A. J. Brettin, Thomas S. Bruce, David Chertkov, Olga Detter, J. Chris Han, Cliff S. Misra, Monica Richardson, Paul Tapia, Roxanne Thayer, Nina Xie, Gary Inzana, Thomas J. TI Complete genome sequence of Haemophilus somnus (Histophilus somni) strain 129Pt and comparison to Haemophilus ducreyi 35000HP and Haemophilus influenzae Rd SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL GENE IDENTIFICATION; TRANSFERRIN-BOUND IRON; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; HEMOGLOBIN RECEPTOR; HEMOPHILUS-SOMNUS; BACTERIAL-COLONIZATION; DEFICIENT MUTANT; NAD INDEPENDENCE; HUMAN VOLUNTEERS; HUMAN-MODEL AB Haemophilus somnus can be either a commensal of bovine mucosal surfaces or an opportunistic pathogen. Pathogenic strains of H. sontnus are a significant cause of systemic disease in cattle. We report the genome sequence of H. somnus 129Pt, a nonpathogenic commensal preputial isolate, and the results of a genome-wide comparative analysis of H. somnus 129Pt, Haemophilus influenzae Rd, and Haemophilus ducreyi 35000HP. We found unique genes in H. somnus 129Pt involved in lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis, carbohydrate uptake and metabolism, cation transport, amino acid metabolism, ubiquinone and menaquinone biosynthesis, cell surface adhesion, biosynthesis of cofactors, energy metabolism, and electron transport. There were also many genes in common among the three organisms. Our comparative analyses of H. somnus 129Pt, H. influenzae Rd, and H. ducreyi 35000HP revealed similarities and differences in the numbers and compositions of genes involved in metabolism, host colonization, and persistence. These results lay a foundation for research on the host specificities and niche preferences of these organisms. Future comparisons between H. sontnus 129Pt and virulent strains will aid in the development of protective strategies and vaccines to protect cattle against H. somnus disease. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. DOE Joint Genome Inst, Prod Genome Facil, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Challacombe, JF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, POB 1663,MS M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jchalla@lanl.gov OI xie, gary/0000-0002-9176-924X NR 74 TC 27 Z9 431 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 189 IS 5 BP 1890 EP 1898 DI 10.1128/JB.01422-06 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 139WH UT WOS:000244462800044 PM 17172329 ER PT J AU Kane, SR Chakicherla, AY Chain, PSG Schmidt, R Shin, MW Legler, TC Scow, KM Larimer, FW Lucas, SM Richardson, PM Hristova, KR AF Kane, Staci R. Chakicherla, Anu Y. Chain, Patrick S. G. Schmidt, Radomir Shin, Maria W. Legler, Tina C. Scow, Kate M. Larimer, Frank W. Lucas, Susan M. Richardson, Paul M. Hristova, Krassimira R. TI Whole-genorne analysis of the methyl tert-butyl ether-degrading beta-proteobacterium Methylibium petroleiphilum PM1 SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RALSTONIA-PICKETTII PKO1; MYCOBACTERIUM-AUSTROAFRICANUM IFP-2012; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; ALKANE HYDROXYLASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STRAIN PM1; METHANE MONOOXYGENASE; PSEUDOMONAS-STUTZERI; BACTERIAL CULTURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE AB Methylibium petroleiphilum PM1 is a methylotroph distinguished by its ability to completely metabolize the fuel oxygenate methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). Strain PM1 also degrades aromatic (benzene, toluene, and xylene) and straight-chain (C, to C,,) hydrocarbons present in petroleum products. Whole-genome analysis of PM1 revealed an similar to 4-Mb circular chromosome and an similar to 600-kb megaplasmid, containing 3,831 and 646 genes, respectively. Aromatic hydrocarbon and alkane degradation, metal resistance, and methylotrophy are encoded on the chromosome. The megaplasmid contains an unusual t-RNA island, numerous insertion sequences, and large repeated elements, including a 40-kb region also present on the chromosome and a 29-kb tandem repeat encoding phosphonate transport and cobalamin biosynthesis. The megaplasmid also codes for alkane degradation and was shown to play an essential role in MTBE degradation through plasmid-curing experiments. Discrepancies between the insertion sequence element distribution patterns, the distributions of best BLASTP hits among major phylogenetic groups, and the G+C contents of the chromosome (69.2%) and plasmid (66%), together with comparative genome hybridization experiments, suggest that the plasmid was recently acquired and apparently carries the genetic information responsible for PM1's ability to degrade MTBE. Comparative genomic hybridization analysis with two PM1-like MTBE-degrading environmental isolates (similar to 99% identical 16S rRNA gene sequences) showed that the plasmid was highly conserved (ca. 99% identical), whereas the chromosomes were too diverse to conduct resequencing analysis. PM1's genome sequence provides a foundation for investigating MTBE biodegradation and exploring the genetic regulation of multiple biodegradation pathways in M. petroleiphilum and other MTBE-degrading beta-proteobacteria. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Genome Anal Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Joint Genome Inst Prod Genom Facil, Walnut Creek, CA USA. RP Kane, SR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave L-542, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kane11@llnl.gov RI chain, patrick/B-9777-2013 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5 P42ES04699-16, P42 ES004699] NR 82 TC 80 Z9 385 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 189 IS 5 BP 1931 EP 1945 DI 10.1128/JB.01259-06 PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 139WH UT WOS:000244462800049 PM 17158667 ER PT J AU Lykidis, A Mavromatis, K Ivanova, N Anderson, I Land, M DiBartolo, G Martinez, M Lapidus, A Lucas, S Copeland, A Richardson, P Wilson, DB Kyrpides, N AF Lykidis, Athanasios Mavromatis, Konstantinos Ivanova, Natalia Anderson, Iain Land, Miriam DiBartolo, Genevieve Martinez, Michele Lapidus, Alla Lucas, Susan Copeland, Alex Richardson, Paul Wilson, David B. Kyrpides, Nikos TI Genome sequence and analysis of the soil cellulolytic actinomycete Thermobifida fusca YX SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREPTOMYCES-COELICOLOR A3(2); II PROTEIN SECRETION; THERMOMONOSPORA-FUSCA; ACTINOBACILLUS-ACTINOMYCETEMCOMITANS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE SYSTEM; TIGHT-ADHERENCE; CELLULASE GENES AB Thermobifida fusca is a moderately thermophilic soil bacterium that belongs to Actinobacteria. It is a major degrader of plant cell walls and has been used as a model organism for the study of secreted, thermostable cellulases. The complete genome sequence showed that T. fusca has a single circular chromosome of 3,642,249 bp predicted to encode 3,117 proteins and 65 RNA species with a coding density of 85%. Genome analysis revealed the existence of 29 putative glycoside hydrolases in addition to the previously identified cellulases and xylanases. The glycosyl hydrolases include enzymes predicted to exhibit mainly dextran/starch- and xylan-degrading functions. T. fusca possesses two protein secretion systems: the sec general secretion system and the twin-arginine translocation system. Several of the secreted cellulases have sequence signatures indicating their secretion may be mediated by the twin-arginine translocation system. T. fusca has extensive transport systems for import of carbohydrates coupled to transcriptional regulators controlling the expression of the transporters and glycosylhydrolases. In addition to providing an overview of the physiology of a soil actinomycete, this study presents insights on the transcriptional regulation and secretion of cellulases which may facilitate the industrial exploitation of these systems. C1 Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Lykidis, A (reprint author), Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, 2800 Mitchell Dr, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM alykidis@lbl.gov RI Land, Miriam/A-6200-2011; Kyrpides, Nikos/A-6305-2014; Lapidus, Alla/I-4348-2013 OI Land, Miriam/0000-0001-7102-0031; Kyrpides, Nikos/0000-0002-6131-0462; Lapidus, Alla/0000-0003-0427-8731 NR 53 TC 99 Z9 389 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 189 IS 6 BP 2477 EP 2486 DI 10.1128/JB.01899-06 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 147EG UT WOS:000244985600030 PM 17209016 ER PT J AU Piotrowski, PL Sumpter, BG Malling, HV Wassom, JS Lu, PY Brothers, RA Sega, GA Martin, SA Parang, M AF Piotrowski, P. L. Sumpter, B. G. Malling, H. V. Wassom, J. S. Lu, P. Y. Brothers, R. A. Sega, G. A. Martin, S. A. Parang, M. TI A toxicity evaluation and predictive system based on neural networks and wavelets SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURE-METABOLISM RELATIONSHIPS; MOLECULAR DESCRIPTORS; REPRESENTATION; DISCOVERY; PHENOLS; DESIGN AB A computational approach has been developed for performing efficient and reasonably accurate toxicity evaluation and prediction. The approach is based on computational neural networks linked to modern computational chemistry and wavelet methods. In this paper, we present details of this approach and results demonstrating its accuracy and flexibility for predicting diverse biological endpoints including metabolic processes, mode of action, and hepato- and neurotoxicity. The approach also can be used for automatic processing of microarray data to predict modes of action. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. YAHSGS LLC, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Lu, PY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM lupy@ornl.gov RI Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013 OI Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5R42 ES 013321-04] NR 41 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9596 J9 J CHEM INF MODEL JI J. Chem Inf. Model. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 47 IS 2 BP 676 EP 685 DI 10.1021/ci6004788 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 149GV UT WOS:000245136100041 PM 17295465 ER PT J AU Haranczyk, M Gutowski, M AF Haranczyk, Maciej Gutowski, Maciej TI Quantum mechanical energy-based screening of combinatorially generated library of tautomers. TauTGen: A tautomer generator program SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING LA English DT Article ID EXCESS ELECTRON-ATTACHMENT; PROTON-TRANSFER; RARE TAUTOMERS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DRUG DISCOVERY; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; AB-INITIO; DENSITY; URACIL; CYTOSINE AB We describe a procedure of finding low-energy tautomers of a molecule. The procedure consists of (i) combinatorial generation of a library of tautomers, (ii) screening based on the results of geometry optimization of initial structures performed at the density functional level of theory, and (iii) final refinement of geometry for the top hits at the second-order Moller-Plesset level of theory followed by single-point energy calculations at the coupled cluster level of theory with single, double, and perturbative triple excitations. The library of initial structures of various tautomers is generated with TauTGen, a tautomer generator program. The procedure proved to be successful for these molecular systems for which common chemical knowledge had not been sufficient to predict the most stable structures. C1 Univ Gdansk, Dept Chem, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Heriot Watt Univ, Chem Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Gutowski, M (reprint author), Univ Gdansk, Dept Chem, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. EM m.gutowski@hw.ac.uk RI Haranczyk, Maciej/A-6380-2014 OI Haranczyk, Maciej/0000-0001-7146-9568 NR 42 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9596 J9 J CHEM INF MODEL JI J. Chem Inf. Model. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 47 IS 2 BP 686 EP 694 DI 10.1021/ci6002703 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 149GV UT WOS:000245136100042 PM 17381178 ER PT J AU Okur, A Roe, DR Cui, GL Hornak, V Simmerling, C AF Okur, Asim Roe, Daniel R. Cui, Guanglei Hornak, Viktor Simmerling, Carlos TI Improving convergence of replica-exchange simulations through coupling to a high-temperature structure reservoir SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ENERGY LANDSCAPE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; BETA-HAIRPIN; EXPLICIT SOLVENT; PROTEIN; PEPTIDES; KINETICS; MODEL AB Parallel tempering or replica-exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) significantly increases the efficiency of conformational sampling for complex molecular systems. However, obtaining converged data with REMD remains challenging, especially for large systems with complex topologies. We propose a new variant to REMD where the replicas are also permitted to exchange with an ensemble of structures that have been generated in advance using high-temperature MD simulations, similar in spirit to J-walking methods. We tested this approach on two non-trivial model systems, a beta-hairpin and a 3-stranded beta-sheet and compared the results to those obtained from very long (> 100 ns) standard REMD simulations. The resulting ensembles were indistinguishable, including relative populations of different conformations on the unfolded state. The use of the reservoir is shown to significantly reduce the time required for convergence. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Ctr Struct Biol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Computat Sci Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Simmerling, C (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM carlos.simmerling@stonybrook.edu NR 57 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9618 J9 J CHEM THEORY COMPUT JI J. Chem. Theory Comput. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 3 IS 2 BP 557 EP 568 DI 10.1021/ct600263e PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 145HG UT WOS:000244855300019 PM 26637035 ER PT J AU Palmer, B Kathmann, S Krishnan, M Tipparaju, V Nieplocha, J AF Palmer, Bruce Kathmann, Shawn Krishnan, Manojkumar Tipparaju, Vinod Nieplocha, Jarek TI The use of processor groups in molecular dynamics simulations to sample free-energy states SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE; NUCLEATION; WATER AB Molecular dynamics calculations composed of many independent simulations are frequently encountered in free-energy calculations, as well as many other simulation approaches. In principle, the availability of a large number of independent tasks should make possible the development of highly scalable parallel code that executes these tasks concurrently. This paper discusses the use of processor groups to write simulation codes of this type and describes results for a code that evaluates the volume dependence of the Helmholtz free energy for clusters of an immiscible fluid in a solvent. The results show that very high levels of scalability can be achieved using processor groups with corresponding reductions in the time to completion. The main limitation to scaling appears to be a load imbalance due to variations in the execution times of the individual tasks. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Palmer, B (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Box 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM bruce.palmer@pnl.gov NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9618 J9 J CHEM THEORY COMPUT JI J. Chem. Theory Comput. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 3 IS 2 BP 583 EP 592 DI 10.1021/ct600260u PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 145HG UT WOS:000244855300021 PM 26637037 ER PT J AU Liu, ZY Liu, Y Wu, LX Jacob, R AF Liu, Zhengyu Liu, Yun Wu, Lixin Jacob, R. TI Seasonal and long-term atmospheric responses to reemerging North Pacific ocean variability: A combined dynamical and statistical assessment SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MIDLATITUDE SST ANOMALIES; SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES; THERMOCLINE VARIABILITY; TROPICAL PACIFIC; ATLANTIC; CIRCULATION; GYRE; GCM; MECHANISMS AB The atmospheric response to a North Pacific subsurface oceanic temperature anomaly is studied in a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model using a combined dynamical and statistical approach, with the focus on the evolution at seasonal and longer time scales. The atmospheric response is first assessed dynamically with an ensemble coupled experiment. The atmospheric response is found to exhibit a distinct seasonal evolution and a significant long-term response. The oceanic temperature anomaly reemerges each winter to force the atmosphere through an upward heat flux, forcing a clear seasonal atmospheric response locally over the Aleutian low and downstream over the North America/North Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic regions. The atmospheric response is dominated by the early winter response with a warm SST-equivalent barotropic ridge and a wave train downstream. Starting in later winter, the atmospheric response weakens significantly and remains weak throughout the summer. The seasonal response of the atmosphere is then assessed statistically from the control simulation. It is found that the major features of the seasonal response, especially the strong warm SST-ridge response in early winter, are crudely consistent between the dynamical and statistical assessments. The statistical assessment is finally applied to the observation, which also suggests a strong seasonal atmospheric response locally over the North Pacific dominated by a warm SST-ridge response in early winter. One important conclusion is that the atmospheric response becomes more significant at annual and longer time scales, with the signal/noise ratio increasing up to 4 times from the monthly to the 4-yr mean response. This increased signal/noise ratio is caused by a much faster reduction of the atmospheric internal variability toward longer time scales than that of the response signal. The slow decrease of the response signal is due to the long persistence associated with the subsurface ocean. This suggests that the subsurface extratropical oceanic variability could have a much stronger impact on the extratropical atmosphere (and climate variability) at interannual-interdecadal time scales than at monthly-seasonal time scales. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Ocean Univ China, Coll Phys & Environm Oceanog, Qingdao, Peoples R China. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liu, ZY (reprint author), 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM zliu3@wisc.edu RI Jacob, Robert/D-2580-2011 OI Jacob, Robert/0000-0002-9444-6593 NR 32 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 20 IS 6 BP 955 EP 980 DI 10.1175/JCLI4041.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 150JG UT WOS:000245211700002 ER PT J AU Annamalai, H Hamilton, K Sperber, KR AF Annamalai, H. Hamilton, K. Sperber, K. R. TI The South Asian summer monsoon and its relationship with ENSO in the IPCC AR4 simulations SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; MODEL INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; EL-NINO; INDIAN MONSOON; COUPLED MODEL; GCM SENSITIVITY; VARIABILITY; RAINFALL; PREDICTABILITY; OSCILLATION AB In this paper the extensive integrations produced for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) are used to examine the relationship between ENSO and monsoons at interannual and decadal time scales. The study begins with an analysis of the monsoon simulation in the twentieth-century integrations. Six of the 18 models were found to have a reasonably realistic representation of monsoon precipitation climatology. For each of these six models SST and anomalous precipitation evolution along the equatorial Pacific during El Nino events display considerable differences when compared to observations. Out of these six models only four [Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model versions 2.0 and 2.1 (GFDL_CM_2.0 and GFDL_CM_2.1), Meteorological Research Institute (MRI) model, and Max Planck Institute ECHAM5 (MPI_ECHAM5)] exhibit a robust ENSO monsoon contemporaneous teleconnection, including the known inverse relationship between ENSO and rainfall variations over India. Lagged correlations between the all-India rainfall (AIR) index and Nino-3.4 SST reveal that three models represent the timing of the teleconnection, including the spring predictability barrier, which is manifested as the transition from positive to negative correlations prior to the monsoon onset. Furthermore, only one of these three models (GFDL_CM_2.1) captures the observed phase lag with the strongest anticorrelation of SST peaking 2-3 months after the summer monsoon, which is partially attributable to the intensity of the simulated El Nino itself. The authors find that the models that best capture the ENSO-monsoon teleconnection are those that correctly simulate the timing and location of SST and diabatic heating anomalies in the equatorial Pacific and the associated changes to the equatorial Walker circulation during El Nino events. The strength of the AIR-Nino-3.4 SST correlation in the model runs waxes and wanes to some degree on decadal time scales. The overall magnitude and time scale for this decadal modulation in most of the models is similar to that seen in observations. However, there is little consistency in the phase among the realizations, suggesting a lack of predictability of the decadal modulation of the monsoon-ENSO relationship. The analysis was repeated for each of the four models using results from integrations in which the atmospheric CO2 concentration was raised to twice preindustrial values. From these "best" models in the double CO2 simulations there are increases in both the mean monsoon rainfall over the Indian subcontinent (by 5%-25%) and in its interannual variability (5%-10%). For each model the ENSO-monsoon correlation in the global warming runs is very similar to that in the twentieth-century runs, suggesting that the ENSO monsoon connection will not weaken as global climate warms. This result, though plausible, needs to be taken with some caution because of the diversity in the simulation of ENSO variability in the coupled models that have been analyzed. Implications of the present results for monsoon prediction are discussed. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, SOEST, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, PCMDI, Livermore, CA USA. RP Annamalai, H (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, SOEST, 1680 E-W Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM hanna@hawaii.edu RI Sperber, Kenneth/H-2333-2012 NR 48 TC 191 Z9 199 U1 5 U2 40 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1071 EP 1092 DI 10.1175/JCLI4035.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 150JG UT WOS:000245211700008 ER PT J AU Graves, TL AF Graves, Todd L. TI Design ideas for Markov chain Monte Carlo software SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND GRAPHICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE expressing statistical models; Java; Metropolis-Hastings algorithm; updating schemes ID DATA AUGMENTATION; MODELS AB This article discusses design ideas useful in the development of Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) software. Goals of the design are to facilitate analysis of as many statistical models as possible, and to enable users to experiment with different MCMC algorithms as a research tool. These ideas have been used in YADAS, a system written in the Java language, but are also applicable in other object-oriented languages. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Graves, TL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, POB 1663,MS F600, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tgraves@lanl.gov NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 1061-8600 J9 J COMPUT GRAPH STAT JI J. Comput. Graph. Stat. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 24 EP 43 DI 10.1198/106186007X179239 PG 20 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 145QA UT WOS:000244878400002 ER PT J AU Zapol, P Curtiss, LA AF Zapol, P. Curtiss, L. A. TI Organic molecule adsorption on TiO2 nanoparticles: A review of computational studies of surface interactions SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL NANOSCIENCE LA English DT Review DE titania; nanoparticle; surfactants; biomolecules; surface interactions ID BI-ISONICOTINIC ACID; FORMIC-ACID; TIO2(110) SURFACE; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; RUTILE TIO2(110); PHASE-STABILITY; ANATASE 101; DISSOCIATIVE ADSORPTION; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; PHOSPHONIC ACID AB This paper reviews recent literature on theoretical studies of the interaction of various organic molecules with anatase and rutile forms of titania relevant to functionalization of TiO2 nanoparticles for applications such as catalysis, solar energy, sensors. The subjects covered include organic adsorbates, sensitizers, and biomolecules on TiO2 surfaces. The theoretical studies have used a number of computational approaches ranging from semiempirical molecular orbital theory to ab initio molecular dynamics and are providing important information on structures, energetics, electronic and optical properties, and electron dynamics, all of which are important in understanding the interactions of organic adsorbates with TiO2 nanoparticles. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Curtiss, LA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Zapol, Peter/G-1810-2012 OI Zapol, Peter/0000-0003-0570-9169 NR 52 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 47 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1546-1955 J9 J COMPUT THEOR NANOS JI J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 4 IS 2 BP 222 EP 230 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 147FO UT WOS:000244989000004 ER PT J AU Shuford, KL Ratner, MA Gray, SK Schatz, GC AF Shuford, Kevin L. Ratner, Mark A. Gray, Stephen K. Schatz, George C. TI Electric field enhancement and light transmission in cylindrical nanoholes SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL NANOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE subwavelength aperture; field enhancement; surface enhanced spectroscopy; light transmission ID EXTRAORDINARY OPTICAL-TRANSMISSION; SUBWAVELENGTH HOLE ARRAYS; DIFFERENCE TIME-DOMAIN; MODE WAVE-GUIDES; THIN METAL-FILMS; SURFACE-PLASMONS; FLUORESCENCE; APERTURES AB The properties of electric fields in subwavelength cylindrical apertures are examined upon excitation by a far-field source. We find that the largest enhancements are localized at the edge of the aperture, close to its rim. Both the entrance and exit rims of the hole can produce intense fields, although at long wavelengths thick slabs lead to smaller fields at the exit rim. The fields display a two lobe angular pattern characteristic of a radiating dipole in the near field. The influence of aperture size and slab thickness on field enhancement is presented. Although there is often a connection between peak transmission and peak field, the two rarely occur at the same wavelength. Enhancements in the electric field intensity can be increased by an order of magnitude by adding a grooved structure around the aperture, which acts as a grating and permits coupling to surface plasmon polaritons. Our results indicate that nanohole systems can be optimized to yield large electric field enhancements, making them an attractive medium for surface enhanced spectroscopies. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Schatz, GC (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Mote, Rakesh/A-9534-2009; Shuford, Kevin/L-2435-2014 NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1546-1955 EI 1546-1963 J9 J COMPUT THEOR NANOS JI J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 4 IS 2 BP 239 EP 246 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 147FO UT WOS:000244989000006 ER PT J AU Zhao, ZJ Wang, LW Wu, FM AF Zhao, Zhengji Wang, Lin-Wang Wu, Fengmin TI Single particle wavefunction localizations in bulged CdSe nanowires SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL NANOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nanowire; morphology; EPM; localization ID SEMICONDUCTOR NANOWIRES; ELECTRONIC STATES; QUANTUM RODS; NANOPARTICLES; DOTS AB Using atomistic empirical pseudopotentials, we have calculated the electronic structures of CdSe nanowires with a bulged area. The localized state wavefunctions and their binding energies are calculated, and their dependences on the bulged area shape are analyzed. We find that both the binding energy and the wavefunction localization strongly depend on the bulged area shape, with the most compact shape produces the largest binding energy and strongest wavefunction localization. We also find that the top of the valence band state has a weaker localization than the bottom of the conduction band state due to an effective mass anisotropy. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Zhejiang Normal Univ, Zhejiang 321004, Peoples R China. RP Wang, LW (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1546-1955 J9 J COMPUT THEOR NANOS JI J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 4 IS 2 BP 247 EP 251 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 147FO UT WOS:000244989000007 ER PT J AU Liu, SD Jayanthi, CS Zhang, ZY Wu, SY AF Liu, Shudun Jayanthi, C. S. Zhang, Zhenyu Wu, S. Y. TI Stability and mechanical properties of silicon nanowires SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL NANOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE silicon; nanowire; axial orientation; mechanical properties; surface reconstruction ID POROUS SILICON; QUANTUM WIRES; CLUSTERS; GROWTH; DIAMETER; DEVICES; MODEL AB This work focuses on the structure, stability, and mechanical properties of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) oriented along the < 111 > direction. A total energy calculation and a quenching-technique based on a non-orthogonal tight-binding molecular dynamics (MD) is used to study the equilibrium structure and relative stability of SiNWs of different diameters (d) ranging from 2 nm to 17 nm. Our study of the structural relaxation of wires of different diameters reveal the following two key findings: (i) A SiNW is composed of a crystalline core surrounded by a bond distortion-dominated surface region, and (ii) the width of the surface region is found to be similar to 1 nm and is independent of the diameter of the wire. These findings suggest that there exists a critical diameter (similar to 2 nm) below which a crystalline nanowire becomes unstable due to surface-surface interaction. We have also calculated the surface energy (E-s) for wires of different diameters (d), where the E-s versus d curve exhibits several local minima. A more careful study of the local minimum at d similar to 6 nm finds this minimum to be very sharp. The existence of local minima in the surface energy curve is indicative of the existence of magic diameters for SiNWs, while the sharpness of the minima is related to the existence of uniform-diameter wires. A study of the Young's modulus of the similar to 6 nm-SiNW suggests that surface effects are critically important in determining the mechanical properties of nanowires with the value of the Young's modulus reduced from its bulk value by about 40%. C1 Univ Louisville, Dept Phys, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wu, SY (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Dept Phys, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1546-1955 EI 1546-1963 J9 J COMPUT THEOR NANOS JI J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 4 IS 2 BP 275 EP 281 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 147FO UT WOS:000244989000012 ER PT J AU Rudd, RE Briggs, GAD Sutton, AP Medeiros-Ribeiro, G Williams, RS AF Rudd, Robert E. Briggs, G. A. D. Sutton, A. P. Medeiros-Ribeiro, G. Williams, R. Stanley TI Equilibrium distributions and the nanostructure diagram for epitaxial quantum dots SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL NANOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Ge/Si Islands; Stranski-Krastanov; quantum dot; nanostructure diagram ID ISLAND GROWTH; GE ISLANDS; SI(001); SHAPE; NANOCRYSTALS; GE/SI(001); NUCLEATION; PYRAMIDS; DOMES; SIZE AB We present in detail a thermodynamic equilibrium model for the growth of nanostructures on semiconductor substrates in heteroepitaxy and its application to germanium deposition on silicon. Some results of this model have been published previously, but the details of the formulation of the model are given here for the first time. The model allows the computation of the shape and size distributions of the surface nanostructures, as well as other properties of the system. We discuss the results of the model, and their incorporation into a nanostructure diagram that summarizes the relative stability of domes and pyramids in the bimodal size distributions. C1 [Rudd, Robert E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. Imperial Coll, Dept Phys, London SW7 2AZ, England. Lab Nacl Sincrotron, BR-13084971 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Hewlett Packard Labs, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Rudd, RE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-045, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Williams, R. Stanley/A-8281-2009; medeiros ribeiro, gilberto/E-1835-2012; Briggs, Andrew/A-6890-2011; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 OI Williams, R. Stanley/0000-0003-0213-4259; NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1546-1955 EI 1546-1963 J9 J COMPUT THEOR NANOS JI J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 4 IS 2 BP 335 EP 347 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 147FO UT WOS:000244989000019 ER PT J AU Chang, B AF Chang, Britton TI A deterministic photon free method to solve radiation transfer equations SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radiation transport; nonlinear systems; Newton-GMRES ID DIFFUSION-SYNTHETIC ACCELERATION; DISCRETE-ORDINATES EQUATIONS; IMPLICIT MONTE-CARLO; ASYMPTOTIC ANALYSIS; TIME INTEGRATION; TRANSPORT AB A new method to solve radiation transfer equations is presented. In the absence of scattering, material motion, and heat conduction, the photon variables can be eliminated from the fully implicit, multi-group, discrete-ordinate, finite difference (finite element) equations of continuum radiation transfer to yield a smaller set of equations which depends only on temperature. The solution to this smaller set of equations is used to generate the solution to the original set of equations from which the reduced set is derived. The reduced system simplifies to a nonlinear heat equation in the regime of strong absorption and strong emission. We solve the reduced set of equations by the Newton-GMRES method in which the Jacobian update is preconditioned by a linearization of this nonlinear heat equation. The performances of this new method and of the semi-implicit linear method, which is preconditioned by grey transport acceleration combined with diffusion synthetic acceleration, are compared on two test problems. The test results indicate that the new method can take larger time steps, requires less memory, is more accurate, and is competitive in speed with the semi-implicit linear method. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chang, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 808,L-561, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM bchang@llnl.gov NR 31 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 222 IS 1 BP 71 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2006.06.048 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 145BW UT WOS:000244841300005 ER PT J AU Liu, MB Meakin, P Huang, H AF Liu, Moubin Meakin, Paul Huang, Hai TI Dissipative particle dynamics simulation of fluid motion through an unsaturated fracture and fracture junction SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dissipative particle dynamics (DPD); smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH); weight functions; fracture; fracture flow ID MESOSCOPIC SIMULATION; 2-PHASE FLOW; HYDRODYNAMICS; TRANSPORT; SUSPENSIONS; SURFACTANT; MECHANICS; BOLTZMANN; SYSTEMS; DROPS AB Multiphase fluid motion in unsaturated fractures and fracture networks involves complicated fluid dynamics, which is difficult to model using grid-based continuum methods. In this paper, the application of dissipative particle dynamics (DPD), a relatively new mesoscale method to simulate fluid motion in unsaturated fractures is described. Unlike the conventional DPD method that employs a purely repulsive conservative (non-dissipative) particle-particle interaction to simulate the behavior of gases, we used conservative particle-particle interactions that combine short-range repulsive and long-range attractive interactions. This new conservative particle-particle interaction allows the behavior of multiphase systems consisting of gases, liquids and solids to be simulated. Our simulation results demonstrate that, for a fracture with flat parallel walls, the DPD method with the new interaction potential function is able to reproduce the hydrodynamic behavior of fully saturated flow, and various unsaturated flow modes including thin film flow, wetting and non-wetting flow. During simulations of flow through a fracture junction, the fracture junction can be fully or partially saturated depending on the wetting property of the fluid, the injection rate and the geometry of the fracture junction. Flow mode switching from a fully saturated flow to a thin film flow can also be observed in the fracture junction. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Modeling & Simulat, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Nanyang Technol Univ, Coll Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. RP Liu, MB (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Modeling & Simulat, POB 1625,MS 2211, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM liumb@ntu.edu.sg NR 46 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 222 IS 1 BP 110 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2006.07.017 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 145BW UT WOS:000244841300007 ER PT J AU del-Castillo-Negrete, D Hirshman, SP Spong, DA D'Azevedo, EF AF del-Castillo-Negrete, D. Hirshman, S. P. Spong, D. A. D'Azevedo, E. F. TI Compression of magnetohydrodynamic simulation data using singular value decomposition SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE magnetohydronamics; singular value decomposition; generalized low rank approximation; data compression; numerical methods ID PHYSICS; STELLARATORS AB Numerical calculations of magnetic and flow fields in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations can result in extensive data sets. Particle-based calculations in these MHD fields, needed to provide closure relations for the MHD equations, will require communication of this data to multiple processors and rapid interpolation at numerous particle orbit positions. To facilitate this analysis it is advantageous to compress the data using singular value decomposition (SVD, or principal orthogonal decomposition, POD) methods. As an example of the compression technique, SVD is applied to magnetic field data arising from a dynamic nonlinear MHD code. The performance of the SVD compression algorithm is analyzed by calculating Poincare plots for electron orbits in a three-dimensional magnetic field and comparing the results with uncompressed data. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hirshman, SP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hirshmansp@ornl.gov RI Spong, Donald/C-6887-2012; OI Spong, Donald/0000-0003-2370-1873; del-Castillo-Negrete, Diego/0000-0001-7183-801X NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 222 IS 1 BP 265 EP 286 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.206.07.022 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 145BW UT WOS:000244841300014 ER PT J AU Shahbazi, K Fischer, PF Ethier, CR AF Shahbazi, Khosro Fischer, Paul F. Ethier, C. Ross TI A high-order discontinuous Galerkin method for the unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE discontinuous Galerkin methods; high-order methods; Navier-Stokes equations; incompressible flows; algebraic splitting methods ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; MIXED HP-DGFEM; STABILITY ANALYSIS; CYLINDER; FLOWS AB We present a high-order discontinuous Galerkin discretization of the unsteady incompressible Navier Stokes equations in convection-dominated flows using triangular and tetrahedral meshes. The scheme is based on a semi-explicit temporal discretization with explicit treatment of the nonlinear term and implicit treatment of the Stokes operator. The nonlinear term is discretized in divergence form by using the local Lax-Friedrichs fluxes; thus, local conservativity is inherent. Spatial discretization of the Stokes operator has employed both equal-order (P-k - P-k) and mixed-order (P-k - Pk-1) velocity and pressure approximations. A second-order approximate algebraic splitting is used to decouple the velocity and pressure calculations leading to an algebraic Helmholtz equation for each component of the velocity and a consistent Poisson equation for the pressure. The consistent Poisson operator is replaced by an equivalent (in stability and convergence) operator, namely that arising from the interior penalty discretization of the standard Poisson operator with appropriate boundary conditions. This yields a simpler and more efficient method, characterized by a compact stencil size. We show the temporal and spatial behavior of the method by solving some popular benchmarking tests. For an unsteady Stokes problem, second-order temporal convergence is obtained, while for the Taylor vortex test problem on both semi-structured and fully unstructured triangular meshes, spectral convergence with respect to the polynomial degree k is obtained. By studying the Orr-Sommerfeld stability problem, we demonstrate that the P-k - P-k method yields a stable solution, while the P-k - Pk-1 formulation leads to unphysical instability. The good performance of the method is further shown by simulating vortex shedding in flow past a square cylinder. We conclude that the proposed discontinuous Galerkin method with the P-k - P-k formulation is an efficient scheme for accurate and stable solution of the unsteady Navier-Stokes equations in convection-dominated flows. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shahbazi, K (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, 5 Kings Coll Rd, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada. EM shahbazi@mie.utoronto.ca; fischer@mcs.anl.gov; ethier@mie.utoronto.ca OI Shahbazi, Khosrw/0000-0001-5728-4436 NR 42 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 222 IS 1 BP 391 EP 407 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2006.07.029 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 145BW UT WOS:000244841300019 ER PT J AU Hooper, D Taylor, AM AF Hooper, Dan Taylor, Andrew M. TI Determining supersymmetric parameters with dark matter experiments SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE dark matter; dark energy theory ID LARGE HADRON COLLIDER; GALACTIC-CENTER; NEUTRALINO ANNIHILATION; MINIMAL SUPERGRAVITY; CROSS-SECTION; SUSY; MASS; PARTICLE; SIGNALS; CONSTRAINTS AB In this paper, we explore the ability of direct and indirect dark matter experiments to not only detect neutralino dark matter, but to constrain and measure the parameters of supersymmetry. In particular, we explore the relationship between the phenomenological quantities relevant to dark matter experiments, such as the neutralino annihilation and elastic scattering cross sections, and the underlying characteristics of the supersymmetric model, such as the values of mu (and the composition of the lightest neutralino), m(A) and tan beta. We explore a broad range of supersymmetric models and then focus on a smaller set of benchmark models. We find that by combining astrophysical observations with collider measurements, mu could plausibly be constrained more tightly than it can be from Large Hadron Collider (LHC) data alone. In models in the A-funnel region of parameter space, we find that dark matter experiments could potentially determine m(A) to roughly +/- 100 GeV, even when heavy neutral minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) Higgs bosons (A, H-1) cannot be observed at the LHC. The information provided by astrophysical experiments is often highly complementary to the information most easily ascertained at colliders. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theoret Astrophys Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RQ, England. RP Hooper, D (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theoret Astrophys Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM hooper@astro.ox.ac.uk; amt@astro.ox.ac.uk NR 141 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD MAR PY 2007 IS 3 AR 017 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2007/03/017 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 160MG UT WOS:000245945000005 ER PT J AU Bishop, SM Park, JS Gu, J Wagner, BP Reltmeier, ZJ Batchelor, DA Zakharov, DN Liliental-Weber, Z Davis, RF AF Bishop, S. M. Park, J. -S. Gu, J. Wagner, B. P. Reltmeier, Z. J. Batchelor, D. A. Zakharov, D. N. Liliental-Weber, Z. Davis, R. F. TI Growth evolution and pendeo-epitaxy of non-polar AlN and GaN thin films on 4H-SiC (11(2)over-bar0) SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Growth of Nitrides CY JUN 04-07, 2006 CL Linkoping, SWEDEN SP Toyoda Gosei DE atomic force microscopy; crystal morphology; surfaces; metalorganic chemical vapor deposition; pendeo-epitaxy; nitrides; semiconducting III-V materials ID A-PLANE GAN; VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; DENSITY GAN; SAPPHIRE AB The initial and subsequent stages of growth of AlN on 4H-SiC (1 1 2 0) and GaN on AlN (1 1 2 0) have been investigated using atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The AlN nucleated and grew via the Stranski-Krastanov mode. Densely packed, [0 0 0 1]-oriented individual islands were observed at 10 nm. Additional deposition resulted in the gradual reorientation of the growth microstructure along the [1 1 0 0]. GaN formed via the Volmer-Weber mode with rapid growth of islands along the [1 1 0 0] to near surface coverage at a thickness of 2 nm. Continued deposition resulted in both faster vertical growth along [1 1 2 0] relative to the lateral growth along [0 0 0 1] and a [1 1 0 0]-oriented microstructure containing rows of GaN. Fully dense GaN films developed between 100 and 250 nm of growth, and the preferred in-plane orientation changed to [0 0 0 1]. Lateral growth of GaN films reduced the dislocation density from similar to 4 x 10(10) to similar to 2 x 10(8) cm(-2). The high concentration of stacking faults (similar to 10(6) cm(-1)) was also reduced two orders of magnitude. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Analyt Instrumentat Facil, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bishop, SM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Box 7917, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM seann_bishop@ncsu.edu RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012; Davis, Robert/A-9376-2011 OI Davis, Robert/0000-0002-4437-0885 NR 15 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 300 IS 1 BP 83 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.10.207 PG 7 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 152NM UT WOS:000245368700017 ER PT J AU Piancastelli, MN Guillemin, R Stolte, WC Ceolin, D Lindle, DW AF Piancastelli, M. N. Guillemin, R. Stolte, W. C. Ceolin, D. Lindle, D. W. TI Partial cation and anion-yield experiments in ammonia around the N 1s ionization threshold SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Scattering, Coincidence and Absorption Studies of Molecules CY SEP 04-06, 2006 CL Fed Univ Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL HO Fed Univ Rio de Janeiro DE photofragmentation; anions; cations; photoexcitation ID AUGER-ELECTRON SPECTRUM; OXYGEN K-EDGE; RESONANT PHOTOFRAGMENTATION; SPECTROSCOPY; FRAGMENTATION; EXCITATION; METHANOL; WATER AB We report partial cation and anion-yield measurements around the N K edge in isolated ammonia molecules. Due to the dominance of spectator electronic decay following Rydberg excitations, fragmentation was found to be more extensive following excitation to intermediate states of Rydberg character compared to excitation of states with molecular-orbital character. Unusual stability of the NH32+ fragment produced directly above threshold by normal-Auger decay is attributed to a stable planar geometry induced by a specific electronic configuration. Hydrogen anions are not detected above threshold except following the decay of resonant doubly excited neutral states embedded in the K-shell ionization continuum. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Uppsala, Dept Phys, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. UMR 7614, Lab Chim Phys Matiere & Rayonnement, F-75231 Paris 05, France. Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lund Univ, MAX Lab, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. RP Piancastelli, MN (reprint author), Univ Uppsala, Dept Phys, Box 530, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. EM Maria-Novella.Piancastelli@fysik.uu.se NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 155 IS 1-3 BP 86 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2006.11.009 PG 5 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 154GC UT WOS:000245493900016 ER PT J AU Pesic, ZD Rolles, D Perri, M Bilodeau, RC Ackerman, GD Rude, BS Kilcoyne, ALD Bozek, JD Berrah, N AF Pesic, Z. D. Rolles, D. Perri, M. Bilodeau, R. C. Ackerman, G. D. Rude, B. S. Kilcoyne, A. L. D. Bozek, J. D. Berrah, N. TI Velocity map ion imaging applied to studies of molecular fragmentation with synchrotron radiation SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Scattering, Coincidence and Absorption Studies of Molecules CY SEP 04-06, 2006 CL Fed Univ Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL HO Fed Univ Rio de Janeiro DE photoionization; fragmentation; Imaging; velocity map; ion-ion coincidence; CO2; inner-shell ID SPECTROMETER; DYNAMICS; PHOTOIONIZATION; ANISOTROPY; ELECTRONS AB A novel apparatus has been employed to investigate molecular fragmentation following inner-shell photoionization by synchrotron radiation. A modified design of the velocity map imaging spectrometer, first introduced by Eppink and Parker [A.T.J.B. Eppink, D.H. Parker, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68 (1997) 3477], provides high detection efficiency and good focusing properties for an extended interaction region, while the use of a time and position resolving anode allows electron-ion and ion-ion coincidence measurements. We discuss overall capabilities of the spectrometer and present first results for the C(1s) photoionization of CO2. Special emphasis is placed on the analysis of time and vector correlations between ions detected in coincidence. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94024 USA. RP Rolles, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM DRolles@lbl.gov RI Rolles, Daniel/C-2384-2008; Bozek, John/E-4689-2010; Perri, Mark/E-9176-2010; Bozek, John/E-9260-2010; Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013; OI Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238; Bilodeau, Rene/0000-0001-8607-2328 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 155 IS 1-3 BP 155 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2006.11.046 PG 5 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 154GC UT WOS:000245493900029 ER PT J AU Beach, DB Rondinone, AJ Sumpter, BG Labinov, SD Richards, RK AF Beach, D. B. Rondinone, A. J. Sumpter, B. G. Labinov, S. D. Richards, R. K. TI Solid-state combustion of, metallic nanoparticles: New possibilities for an alternative energy carrier SO JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB As an alternative to conventional methods of conveying and delivering energy in mobile applications or to remote locations, we have examined the combustion of nanostructured metal particles assembled into metal clusters. Clusters containing iron nanoparticles (similar to 50 nm in diameter) were found to combust entirely in the solid state due to the high surface-to-volume ratio typical of nanoparticles. Optical temperature measurements indicated that combustion was rapid (similar to 500 ms), and occurred at relatively low peak combustion temperatures (1000-1200 K). Combustion produces a mixture of Fe(III) oxides. X-ray diffraction and gravimetric analysis indicated that combustion was nearly complete (93-95% oxidation). Oxide nanoparticles could be readily reduced at temperatures between 673 K and 773 K using hydrogen at 1 atm pressure, and then passivated by the growth of a thin oxide layer. The nanostructuring of the particles is retained throughout the combustion-regeneration cycle. Modeling of the combustion process is in good agreement with observed combustion characteristics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Comp Sci & Math, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Beach, DB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM beachdb@ornl.gov RI Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013; Rondinone, Adam/F-6489-2013 OI Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355; Rondinone, Adam/0000-0003-0020-4612 NR 5 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0195-0738 J9 J ENERG RESOUR-ASME JI J. Energy Resour. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD MAR PY 2007 VL 129 IS 1 BP 29 EP 32 DI 10.1115/1.242496 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 146ND UT WOS:000244940300004 ER PT J AU Paller, MH Martin, FD Wike, LD Specht, WL AF Paller, M. H. Martin, F. D. Wike, L. D. Specht, W. L. TI Factors influencing the accuracy of a macroinvertebrate bioassessment protocol in South Carolina coastal plain streams SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RICHNESS; INDEX; SIZE AB The multiple habitat sampling protocol (MHSP) is a bioassment method designed to assess the ecological health of South Carolina streams on the basis of macroinvertebrate samples collected from natural substrates. The MHSP is computed by averaging the EPT (numbers of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera taxa) and BI (a biotic index that reflects the pollution tolerances of individual taxa) to produce a bioclassification score. The MHSP produced low bioclassification scores that could falsely indicate environmental degradation in some undisturbed, high quality streams in the Sandhills ecoregion. This problem had two causes. The metrics (especially EPT) were significantly related to stream size, which potentially confounded stream size effects with environmental impacts, and the scoring criteria for EPT were too high for some Sandhills streams. We corrected these problems by developing new scoring criteria for Sandhills streams that utilized residuals from regressions of the metrics on stream width to normalize for stream size. The MHSP and related protocols are effective methods for assessing environmental quality, but allowances must be made for the effects of stream size and the potential ecological heterogeneity that naturally exists among streams in some ecoregions. C1 Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Paller, MH (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Bldg 773-42A,Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM michael.paller@srnl.doe.gov NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 BP 23 EP 32 DI 10.1080/02705060.2007.9664142 PG 10 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 137XF UT WOS:000244325600004 ER EF