FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU McLerran, L AF McLerran, Larry TI Summary talk for ISMD 06 SO BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE multiparticle dynamics; QCD; quark-gluon plasma C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Riken Brookhaven Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP McLerran, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA FISICA PI SAO PAULO PA CAIXA POSTAL 66328, 05315-970 SAO PAULO, BRAZIL SN 0103-9733 J9 BRAZ J PHYS JI Braz. J. Phys. PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2C BP 861 EP 866 DI 10.1590/S0103-97332007000500048 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 202QH UT WOS:000248917600048 ER PT B AU Safranek, J AF Safranek, James CA SSRL Accelerator Phys Grp BE Tsakanov, V Wiedemann, H TI Spear3 synchrotron light source - Accelerator update and plans SO Brilliant Light in Life and Material Sciences SE NATO SECURITY THROUGH SCIENCE SERIES B: PHYSICS AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Brilliant Light Facilities and Research in Life and Material Sciences CY JUL 17-21, 2006 CL Yerevan, ARMENIA SP NATO Sci & Affairs Div, Ctr Advancement Nat Discoveries Using Light Emiss, Yerevan State Univ, Armenian Natl Acad AB The SSRL SPEAR3 3 GeV synchrotron light source storage ring started operation in Spring, 2004. We will briefly discuss the accelerator commissioning and the accelerator performance during the first two years of operation. An overview will be given of ongoing and planned accelerator improvements, including fast orbit feedback, double waist chicane optics, 500 mA tests, top-off injection, and short bunch length generation. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Safranek, J (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-5722-9 J9 NATO SEC SCI B PHYS PY 2007 BP 31 EP 43 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5724-3_3 PG 13 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Biophysics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BGD79 UT WOS:000246196300003 ER PT S AU Androsov, V Agafonov, A Bulyak, E Botman, JIM Grevtsev, V Gvozd, A Gladkikh, P Grigor'ev, Y Dovbnya, A Drebot, I Ivashchenko, V Karnaukhov, I Kovalyova, N Kozin, V Lebedev, A Markov, V Mocheslinikov, N Mytsykov, A Nekludov, I Peev, F Ryezayev, A Skirda, V Shcherbakov, A Tatchyn, R Telegin, Y Trotsenko, V Zvonareva, O Zelinsky, A AF Androsov, V. Agafonov, A. Bulyak, E. Botman, J. I. M. Grevtsev, V. Gvozd, A. Gladkikh, P. Grigor'ev, Yu. Dovbnya, A. Drebot, I. Ivashchenko, V. Karnaukhov, I. Kovalyova, N. Kozin, V. Lebedev, A. Markov, V. Mocheslinikov, N. Mytsykov, A. Nekludov, I. Peev, F. Ryezayev, A. Skirda, V. Shcherbakov, A. Tatchyn, R. Telegin, Yu. Trotsenko, V. Zvonareva, O. Zelinsky, A. BE Tsakanov, V Wiedemann, H TI Kharkov X-ray generator nestor SO BRILLIANT LIGHT IN LIFE AND MATERIAL SCIENCES SE NATO SECURITY THROUGH SCIENCE SERIES B: PHYSICS AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Brilliant Light Facilities and Research in Life and Material Sciences CY JUL 17-21, 2006 CL Yerevan, ARMENIA SP NATO Sci & Affairs Div, Ctr Advancement Nat Discoveries Using Light Emiss, Yerevan State Univ, Armenian Natl Acad DE compton scattering; X-rays generator; magnets; vacuum system AB NSC KIPT proposed to construct a new X-ray and soft ultraviolet source NESTOR with a 40 - 225 McV electron storage ring and Nd:YAG laser in Kharkov. NESTOR is a new type radiation source on the base of Compton scattering. In the paper the progress in development and construction of Kharkov X-ray generator NESTOR is presented. The current status of the main facility systems design and development are described. The facility is going to be in operation in the middle of 2007 and generated X-rays flux is expected to be of about 10(13) phot/s. C1 [Androsov, V.; Bulyak, E.; Grevtsev, V.; Gvozd, A.; Gladkikh, P.; Grigor'ev, Yu.; Dovbnya, A.; Drebot, I.; Ivashchenko, V.; Karnaukhov, I.; Kovalyova, N.; Kozin, V.; Markov, V.; Mocheslinikov, N.; Mytsykov, A.; Nekludov, I.; Peev, F.; Ryezayev, A.; Skirda, V.; Shcherbakov, A.; Telegin, Yu.; Trotsenko, V.; Zvonareva, O.; Zelinsky, A.] Ctr Nat Sci, Kharkov Phys & Technol Inst, 1 Akademicheskaya Str, Kharkov, Ukraine. [Agafonov, A.; Lebedev, A.] PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Russian Acad Sci, Moscow 117924, Russia. [Botman, J. I. M.] Eindhoven Univ Technol, POB 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. [Tatchyn, R.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Androsov, V (reprint author), Ctr Nat Sci, Kharkov Phys & Technol Inst, 1 Akademicheskaya Str, Kharkov, Ukraine. RI Agafonov, Alexey/E-3256-2014 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1874-6500 BN 978-1-4020-5722-9 J9 NATO SEC SCI B PHYS PY 2007 BP 89 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5724-3_8 PG 2 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Biophysics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BGD79 UT WOS:000246196300008 ER PT J AU Urge-Vorsatz, D Harvey, LDD Mirasgedis, S Levine, MD AF Urge-Vorsatz, Diana Harvey, L. D. Danny Mirasgedis, Sevastianos Levine, Mark D. TI Mitigating CO2 emissions from energy use in the world's buildings SO BUILDING RESEARCH AND INFORMATION LA English DT Article DE building stock; climate change; CO2 reduction; design; energy efficiency; mitigation; policies ID RESIDENTIAL SECTOR; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EFFICIENCY; INVESTMENT; PRODUCTIVITY; PERFORMANCE; FRAMEWORK; CONSUMERS; SAVINGS; LOAD AB An overview of climate change mitigation opportunities in the world's buildings is presented, based on the key building-specific findings of the Fourth Assessment Report from the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change. Buildings and the building stock can play a major role in mitigating climate change in the short- to medium-term, since substantial reductions in CO2 emissions from their energy use can be achieved over the coming years. A significant portion of these savings can be achieved in ways that reduce life cycle costs, thus providing reductions in CO2 emissions that have a net negative cost. There are indications that the building stock has the highest share of negative- and low-cost greenhouse gas reduction potential among all sectors. Based on 80 collected national or regional studies estimating CO2 mitigation potential in five continents, the global potential for CO2 reductions through buildings is analysed and estimated. The co-benefits associated with the implementation of these measures are also substantial, helping policy-makers justify actions even in the absence of a strong climate commitment. Since the barriers to unlocking the high potentials in the residential and commercial sectors are especially strong, no single instrument can make a large impact. Instead, portfolios of targeted policies tailored to local conditions, combined with strong compliance and enforcement regimes, are needed. C1 Cent European Univ, Ctr Policy Studies, H-1051 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada. Natl Observ Athens, GR-11810 Athens, Greece. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Urge-Vorsatz, D (reprint author), Cent European Univ, Ctr Policy Studies, Nador Utca 9, H-1051 Budapest, Hungary. EM vorsatzd@ceu.hu; harvey@geog.utoronto.ca; seba@meteo.noa.gr; mdlevine@lbl.gov OI Urge-Vorsatz, Diana/0000-0003-2570-5341 NR 86 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0961-3218 J9 BUILD RES INF JI Build. Res. Informat. PY 2007 VL 35 IS 4 BP 379 EP 398 DI 10.1080/09613210701325883 PG 20 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA 176DP UT WOS:000247064400004 ER PT B AU Crawley, DB AF Crawley, Drury B. BE Jiang, Y Zhu, YX Yang, XD Li, XT TI Creating weather files for climate change and urbanization impacts analysis SO BUILDING SIMULATION 2007, VOLS 1-3, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference of the International-Building-Performance-Simulation-Association CY SEP 03-06, 2007 CL Tsinghua Univ, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China HVAC&R Soc, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerat & Air Condit Engineers, Energy Conservat Buildings & Community Syst, Federat European Heating & Air Conditioning Assoc, US DOE, Int Bldg Performance Simulat Assoc HO Tsinghua Univ DE climate change; weather data; urban heat island; historical weather ID HEAT-ISLAND AB Over the past 15 years, much scientific work has been published on the potential human impacts on climates. For the Third Assessment Report published by the United Nations International Program on Climate Change in 2001, a series of economic development scenarios were created and four major general circulation models (GCM) were used to estimate the anthropogenesis-forced climate change. These GCMs produce worldwide grids of predicted monthly temperature, cloud, and precipitation deviations from the period of 1961-1990. As this period is the same used for several major typical meteorological year data sets, these typical data sets can be used as a starting point for modifying weather files to represent predicted climate change. Over the past 50 years, studies of urban heat island (UHI) or urbanization have provided detailed measurements of the diurnal and seasonal patterns and differences between urban and rural climatic conditions. While heat islands have been shown to be a function of both population and microclimatic and site conditions, they can be generalized into a predictable diurnal pattern. This paper presents the methodology used to create weather files which represent climate change scenarios in 2100 and heat island impacts today and present the typical climatic patterns resulting for 20 climate regions worldwide. C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Crawley, DB (reprint author), US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-0-9771706-3-0 PY 2007 BP 1075 EP 1082 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Mathematics, Applied SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Mathematics GA BHI13 UT WOS:000253394500158 ER PT B AU Crawley, DB AF Crawley, Drury B. BE Jiang, Y Zhu, YX Yang, XD Li, XT TI Estimating the impacts of climate change and urbanization on building performance SO BUILDING SIMULATION 2007, VOLS 1-3, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference of the International-Building-Performance-Simulation-Association CY SEP 03-06, 2007 CL Tsinghua Univ, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China HVAC&R Soc, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerat & Air Condit Engineers, Energy Conservat Buildings & Community Syst, Federat European Heating & Air Conditioning Assoc, US DOE, Int Bldg Performance Simulat Assoc HO Tsinghua Univ DE climate change; urban heat island; future simulation AB While the scientific literature is full of studies looking at the impact of climate change driven by human activity, there is very little research on the impact of climate change or urban heat island on building operation and performance across the world. For this study, typical and extreme meteorological weather data were created for 25 locations (20 climate regions) to represent a range of predicted climate change and heat island scenarios for building simulation. Then a set of prototypical buildings were created to represent typical, good, and low-energy practices around the world. When these prototype buildings were simulated, the results provide a snapshot view of the impact of a wide variety of building performance based on the set of climate scenarios. These include location-specific responses of the prototype buildings including impacts on equipment use and longevity, fuel swapping as heating and cooling ratios change, impacts on environmental emissions, comfort issues, and how low-energy building design incorporating renewables can significantly mitigate any potential climate variation. C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Crawley, DB (reprint author), US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-0-9771706-3-0 PY 2007 BP 1115 EP 1122 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Mathematics, Applied SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Mathematics GA BHI13 UT WOS:000253394500164 ER PT B AU Ellis, PG Torcellini, PA Crawley, DB AF Ellis, Peter G. Torcellini, Paul A. Crawley, Drury B. BE Jiang, Y Zhu, YX Yang, XD Li, XT TI Simulation of energy management systems in EnergyPlus SO BUILDING SIMULATION 2007, VOLS 1-3, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference of the International-Building-Performance-Simulation-Association CY SEP 03-06, 2007 CL Tsinghua Univ, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China HVAC&R Soc, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerat & Air Condit Engineers, Energy Conservat Buildings & Community Syst, Federat European Heating & Air Conditioning Assoc, US DOE, Int Bldg Performance Simulat Assoc HO Tsinghua Univ DE whole-building simulation; EnergyPlus; controls; energy management system AB An energy management system (EMS) is a dedicated computer that can be programmed to control all of a building's energy-related systems, including heating cooling, ventilation, hot water, interior lighting: exterior lighting, on-site power generation, and mechanized systems for shading devices, window actuators, and double facade elements. Recently a new module for simulating an EMS was added to the EnergyPlus whole-building energy simulation program. An essential part of the EMS module is the EnergyPlus Runtime Language (ERL), which is a simple programming language that is used to specify the EMS control algorithms. The new EMS controls and the flexibility of ERL allow EnergyPlus to simulate many novel control strategies that are not possible with the previous generation of building energy simulation programs. This paper surveys the standard controls in EnergyPlus, presents the new EMS features, describes the implementation of the module, and explores some of the possible applications for the new EMS capabilities in EnergyPlus. C1 [Ellis, Peter G.; Torcellini, Paul A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Ellis, PG (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-0-9771706-3-0 PY 2007 BP 1346 EP 1353 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Mathematics, Applied SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Mathematics GA BHI13 UT WOS:000253394500198 ER PT B AU Bazjanac, V AF Bazjanac, Vladimir BE Jiang, Y Zhu, YX Yang, XD Li, XT TI Impact of the US National Building Information Model Standard (NBIMS) on building energy performance simulation SO BUILDING SIMULATION 2007, VOLS 1-3, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference of the International-Building-Performance-Simulation-Association CY SEP 03-06, 2007 CL Tsinghua Univ, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China HVAC&R Soc, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerat & Air Condit Engineers, Energy Conservat Buildings & Community Syst, Federat European Heating & Air Conditioning Assoc, US DOE, Int Bldg Performance Simulat Assoc HO Tsinghua Univ DE BIM; national standard; data exchange; building energy performance; software interoperability AB The U.S. National Institute for Building Sciences (NIBS) started the development of the National Building Information Model Standard (NBIMS). Its goal is to define standard sets of data required to describe any given building in necessary detail so that any given AECO industry discipline application can find needed data at any point in the building lifecycle. This will include all data that are used in or are pertinent to building energy performance simulation and analysis. This paper describes the background that lead to the development of NBIMS, its goals and development methodology, its Part 1 (Version 1.0), and its probable impact on building energy performance simulation and analysis. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bazjanac, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 7 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-0-9771706-3-0 PY 2007 BP 1377 EP 1382 PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Mathematics, Applied SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Mathematics GA BHI13 UT WOS:000253394500202 ER PT B AU Haves, P Xu, P AF Haves, Philip Xu, Peng BE Jiang, Y Zhu, YX Yang, XD Li, XT TI The building controls virtual test bed - A simulation environment for developing and testing control algorithms, strategies and systems SO BUILDING SIMULATION 2007, VOLS 1-3, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference of the International-Building-Performance-Simulation-Association CY SEP 03-06, 2007 CL Tsinghua Univ, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China HVAC&R Soc, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerat & Air Condit Engineers, Energy Conservat Buildings & Community Syst, Federat European Heating & Air Conditioning Assoc, US DOE, Int Bldg Performance Simulat Assoc HO Tsinghua Univ DE controls; development system; testing; hardware-in-the-loop AB The paper describes the design of a Building Controls Virtual Test Bed (BCVTB), a simulation environment for the development of control algorithms and strategies for the major energy systems in buildings, HVAC, lighting, active facades and on-site generation. The BCVTB is based on the whole building energy simulation program EnergyPlus and includes both the pure simulation and the hardware-in-the-loop methods of implementing the controls. For convenience and scalability, the design of the hardware-in-the-loop interface for supervisory controls uses BACnet rather than the analog interface used for local loop control. The paper concludes with a case study of the use of a prototype implementation of the BCVTB to pre-commission the building control system for the naturally-ventilated San Francisco Federal Building. A number of problems were found with the control program, demonstrating the value of the pre-commissioning and the effectiveness of the technique. C1 [Haves, Philip; Xu, Peng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Haves, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-0-9771706-3-0 PY 2007 BP 1440 EP 1446 PG 7 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Mathematics, Applied SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Mathematics GA BHI13 UT WOS:000253394500211 ER PT J AU Klaus, JS Budd, AF Heikoop, JM Fouke, BW AF Klaus, James S. Budd, Ann F. Heikoop, Jeffrey M. Fouke, Bruce W. TI Environmental controls on corallite morphology in the reef coral Montastraea annularis SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID POCILLOPORA-DAMICORNIS LINNAEUS; BUILDING CORAL; REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; SPECIES BOUNDARIES; SCLERACTINIAN CORAL; SIDERASTREA-SIDEREA; MADRACIS-MIRABILIS; SKELETON FORMATION; SPATIAL VARIATION AB Scleractinian reef-coral species display high phenotypic plasticity in skeletal morphology. Understanding environmental and physiologic controls on this variation is essential to explaining the distribution and abundance of coral species as well as understanding their susceptibility to pollution and global climate change. Here we assess phenotypic plasticity in the corallite morphology of genetically determined colonies of Montastraea annularis s.s. (Ellis and Solander, 1786) by analyzing the three-dimensional morphology of calical surfaces and the two-dimensional corallite morphology represented in transverse thin sections. Samples were collected along gradients of seawater depth and coastal influence on the island of Curacao, Netherlands Antilles, and additionally compared to M. annularis and two closely related species, M. franksi (Gregory, 1895), and M. faveolata (Ellis and Solander, 1786), collected from Panama. Significant phenotypic plasticity was found between seawater depths and localities of Curacao, as well as between the two geographic regions. Morphologic characters associated with calical surfaces were significantly more plastic than characters preserved in transverse thin sections. While characters preserved in thin section were more successful at classifying the three closely related species, characters associated with calical surfaces provide a basis for interpreting the adaptive significance of the observed differences between these three species. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Geol & Geophys, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Klaus, JS (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Geol & Geophys, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jklaus@rsmas.miami.edu RI Heikoop, Jeffrey/C-1163-2011 NR 101 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 15 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 80 IS 1 BP 233 EP 260 PG 28 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 151NE UT WOS:000245296500015 ER PT S AU Gutierrez, G AF Gutierrez, Gaston BE Tripathi, SM Breedon, RE TI Top quark mass: Past, present and future SO C2CR07: Colliders to Cosmic Rays SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Colliders to Cosmic Rays CY FEB 25-MAR 01, 2007 CL Lake Tahoe, CA SP US DOE, Univ Calif Davis DE top physics ID COLLIDER DETECTOR; DILEPTON EVENTS; FERMILAB AB The top quark is the most massive elementary particle discovered thus far. Its large mass may help explain the mechanism by which fundamental particles gain mass - the Standard Model's greatest standing mystery. Today the top quark mass, together with the W boson mass, plays an important role in constraining the Higgs boson mass. The currents status of the top quark mass measurement and a brief outline of the expectation at the Large Hadron Collider and the International Linear Collider will be covered. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Gutierrez, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0438-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 928 BP 169 EP 177 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BGR41 UT WOS:000250106600021 ER PT S AU Perl, ML AF Perl, Martin L. BE Tripathi, SM Breedon, RE TI Mysteries of mass: Some contrarian views from an experimenter SO C2CR07: Colliders to Cosmic Rays SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Colliders to Cosmic Rays CY FEB 25-MAR 01, 2007 CL Lake Tahoe, CA SP US DOE, Univ Calif Davis DE elementary particle masses; very large mass; Planck mass; particle colliders ID PHOTON AB Physics and astronomy are the oldest sciences and the concept of mass is thus a very old concept. We have quite good understanding of the masses of composite elementary particles such as protons using quantum chromodynamics. But we do not understand the nature of the masses of the elementary particles - quarks, leptons, force carrying particles, dark matter particles - and we have no quantitative rules for the magnitude of their masses. In this talk I sketch a number of qualitative questions such as why is there no rule for even the simplest mass sequences -the charged leptons, is there a maximum mass elementary particle, and is the Planck mass idea overrated? I also estimate the upper limits on collider searches in the next few decades for massive particles. This is a summary of my talk at Colliders to Cosmic Rays 2007. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Perl, ML (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sandhill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0438-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 928 BP 207 EP 213 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BGR41 UT WOS:000250106600025 ER PT J AU Stapp, H AF Stapp, Henry BE Zelazo, PD Moscovitch, M Thompson, E TI Quantum Approaches to Consciousness SO CAMBRIDGE HANDBOOK OF CONSCIOUSNESS SE Cambridge Handbooks in Psychology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MIND; MEMORY AB The concepts of classical physics and the implied doctrine of the causal closure of the physical description fail to accommodate observed behaviors of macroscopic systems when those behaviors depend sensitively upon the properties of atomic-sized particles. To adequately describe such behaviors physicists were forced to replace, in the mathematics, the numbers that describe the intrinsic properties of a system by actions that correspond to the probing actions performed upon that system by an observing system. According to orthodox quantum theory these probing actions are "freely" chosen by human agents, where "freely" means that these choices are not fixed by the known laws of physics or laws of any yet-known kind. But these choices influence the course of physical events. Von Neumann's orthodox formulation of quantum mechanics makes this influence of our conscious choices into influences, described by specified causal laws, of a person's conscious choices on the state of his or her brain. Classical physics is an approximation to quantum mechanics that eliminates this effect. That makes the physical efficacy of our conscious choices a strictly quantum effect. The Penrose, Bohm, and Eccles-Beck quantum approaches to the mind-brain system are discussed, along with the orthodox von Neumann approach. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stapp, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 50A-5101, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hpstapp@lbl.gov NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-52185-743-7 J9 CAMB HANDB PSYCHOL PY 2007 BP 881 EP 908 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511816789 PG 28 WC Psychology, Clinical; Neurosciences; Psychology SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BYD43 UT WOS:000298099100031 ER PT J AU Vander Wal, RL Yezerets, A Currier, NW Kim, DH Wang, CM AF Vander Wal, Randy L. Yezerets, Aleksey Currier, Neal W. Kim, Do Heui Wang, Chong Min TI HRTEM Study of diesel soot collected from diesel particulate filters SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID GASIFICATION-INDUCED DENSIFICATION; CARBON BLACK; FORM COKE; OXIDATION; EVOLUTION; COMBUSTION; CHEMISTRY; BEHAVIOR; PORE AB HRTEM study of several soot samples collected on Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF) under conditions relevant to practical applications of DPF technology, revealed nano-structure, to our knowledge, not reported previously for diesel soot. In particular, some of the primary particles were found to have hollow interior, and the outer shell exhibiting evidence of graphitization, with a higher crystallinity compared to the non-hollowed particles. The percentage of such particles varied between different soot samples and tentatively appeared to be related to the oxidation history of the sample. Remarkably, similar effect was not reproduced for a carbon black sample, Printex-U, suggesting that propensity to such oxidation-induced graphitization is related to the original nano-structure of the particle. These initial observations were independently confirmed for the same set of soot samples by two different HRTEM facilities., at NASA-Glenn and PNNL. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, USRA, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Cummins Inc, Columbus, IN 47201 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Vander Wal, RL (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, USRA, Ms 110-3,21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Randall.L.VanderWal@grc.nasa.gov RI Kim, Do Heui/I-3727-2015 NR 31 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD JAN PY 2007 VL 45 IS 1 BP 70 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2006.08.005 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 127KA UT WOS:000243583300011 ER PT J AU Wen, W Jing, L White, MG Marinkovic, N Hanson, JC Rodriguez, JA AF Wen, Wen Jing, Liu White, Michael G. Marinkovic, Nebojsa Hanson, Jonathan C. Rodriguez, Jose A. TI In situ time-resolved characterization of novel Cu-MoO2 catalysts during the water-gas shift reaction SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE water-gas shift; copper; molybdenum oxides; CuMoO4; H2; water; CO; CO2; X-ray diffraction; X-ray absorption; spectroscopy ID CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; XANES; XRD; SPECTROSCOPY; REDUCTION; COPPER; COMOO4; NIMOO4; SUBOXIDES; METAL AB A novel and active Cu-MoO2 catalyst was synthesized by partial reduction of a precursor CuMoO4 mixed-metal oxide with CO or H-2 at 200-250 degrees C. The phase transformations of Cu-MoO2 during H-2 reduction and the water-gas shift reaction could be followed by in situ time resolved XRD techniques. During the reduction process the diffraction pattern of the CuMoO4 collapsed and the copper metal lines were observed on an amorphous material background that was assigned to molybdenum oxides. During the first pass of water-gas shift (WGS) reaction, diffraction lines for Cu6Mo5O18 and MoO2 appeared around 350 degrees C and Cu6Mo5O18 was further transformed to Cu/MoO2 at higher temperature. During subsequent passes, significant WGS catalytic activity was observed with relatively stable plateaus in product formation around 350, 400 and 500 degrees C. The interfacial interactions between Cu clusters and MoO2 increased the water-gas shift catalytic activities at 350 and 400 degrees C. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Rodriguez, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM Rodrigez@bnl.gov RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010; Marinkovic, Nebojsa/A-1137-2016 OI Marinkovic, Nebojsa/0000-0003-3579-3453 NR 28 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 113 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1007/s10562-006-9003-7 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 139SF UT WOS:000244452200001 ER PT B AU Hu, JL Xia, GG White, JF Peterson, TH Wang, Y AF Hu, Jianli Xia, Guanguang White, James F. Peterson, Thomas H. Wang, Yong BE Schmidt, SR TI Biphasic catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons using immobilized homogeneous catalyst in a microchannel reactor SO CATALYSIS OF ORGANIC REACTIONS SE Chemical Industries LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Catalysis of Organic Reactions CY APR 02-06, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP Organ React Catalysis Soc, W R Grace, Davison Catalysts, Parr Instrument, Degussa, N Amer Catalysis Soc, ACS PRF, Air Prod & Chem, CRI Catlaysts, Engelhard, Eli Lilly & Co, Merck & Co, Sud Chem, Umicore, Amgen & Nova Mol Technologies Inc AB This research relates to developing of immobilized homogeneous Co(II) catalyst and a demonstration of its performance in hydrocarbon oxidations. Although the catalyst material is normally a solid, it performs as if it were a homogeneous catalyst when immobilized by dissolution in an ionic liquid and deposited on a catalyst support. Evidence shows that after immobilization, the typical homogeneous catalytic properties of Co(II) catalyst are still observed. Surprisingly, the immobilized catalyst is also thermally stable up to 360 degrees C and essentially no metal leaching has been observed under oxidation reaction conditions up to 250 degrees C, and 220 psig. Because the obvious mass transport limitation between organic phase and catalyst phase, integration of such a catalyst system into microchannel reactor becomes extremely attractive. Microchannel reaction technology is an advanced chemical process technology which has not been previously explored for biphasic catalytic oxidation, yet it appears to have the essential features required for step changes in this emerging chemical process area. One significant characteristic of such an immobilized homogeneous catalyst in a microchannel reactor is the high mass transport efficiencies, enhancing reaction rates and space time yields while minimizing side reactions that can be enhanced by mass transfer limitations. The typical high ratio of geometric surface area of the reactor walls to total reactor volume in microchannel devices should be a strong benefit to the concept. In the cyclohexane oxidation reaction, preliminary experimental results have shown 100% selectivity towards desired products. Compared to conventional homogeneous catalyst, turnover frequency of the immobilized Co(II) catalyst is almost 7 times higher than reported for conventional hydrocarbon oxidation reaction schemes. The uniqueness of such a catalyst-reactor integration allows homogeneous oxidation reactions to be operated in heterogeneous mode therefore enhancing productivity and improving overall process economy while at the same time reducing the environmental impact of operating the process in the conventional fashion with a water based reaction media. C1 [Hu, Jianli; Xia, Guanguang; White, James F.; Peterson, Thomas H.; Wang, Yong] Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hu, JL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Jianli.hu@pnl.gov RI Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-8493-7557-6 J9 CHEM IND-SER PY 2007 VL 115 BP 91 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA BFY06 UT WOS:000245398100012 ER PT B AU Disselkamp, RS Chajkowski, SM Boyles, KR Hart, TR Peden, CHF AF Disselkamp, Robert S. Chajkowski, Sarah M. Boyles, Kelly R. Hart, Todd R. Peden, Charles H. F. BE Schmidt, SR TI Cavitating ultrasound hydrogenation of water-soluble olefins employing inert dopants: Studies of activity, selectivity and reaction mechanisms SO Catalysis of Organic Reactions SE CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES : A SERIES OF REFERENCE BOOKS AND TEXTBOOKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Catalysis of Organic Reactions CY APR 02-06, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP Organ React Catalysis Soc, W R Grace, Davison Catalysts, Parr Instrument, Degussa, N Amer Catalysis Soc, ACS PRF, Air Prod & Chem, CRI Catlaysts, Engelhard, Eli Lilly & Co, Merck & Co, Sud Chem, Umicore, Amgen & Nova Mol Technologies Inc ID PD-BLACK; CATALYSTS AB Here we discuss results obtained as part of a three-year investigation at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory of ultrasound processing to effect selectivity and activity in the hydrogenation of water-soluble olefins on transition metal catalysts. We have shown previously that of the two regimes for ultrasound processing, high-power cavitating and high-power non-cavitating, only the former can effect product selectivity dramatically (>1000%) whereas the selectivity of the latter was comparable with those obtained in stirred/silent control experiments [R.S. Disselkamp, Y.-H. Chin, C.H.F. Peden, J. Catal., 227, 552 (2005)]. As a means of ensuring the benefits of cavitating ultrasound processing, we introduced the concept of employing inert dopants into the reacting solution. These inert dopants do not partake in solution chemistry but enable a more facile transition from high-power non-cavitating to cavitating conditions during sonication treatment. With cavitation processing conditions ensured, we discuss here results of isotopic H/D substitution for a variety of substrates and illustrate how such isotope dependent chemistries during substrate hydrogenation elucidate detailed mechanistic information about these reaction systems. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Disselkamp, RS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-8493-7557-6 J9 CHEM INDUST PY 2007 VL 115 BP 213 EP 226 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA BFY06 UT WOS:000245398100024 ER PT B AU Cao, CS White, JF Wang, Y Frye, JG AF Cao, Chunshe (James) White, James F. Wang, Yong Frye, John G. BE Schmidt, SR TI Selective hydrogenolysis of sugar alcohols over structured catalysts SO CATALYSIS OF ORGANIC REACTIONS SE Chemical Industries LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Catalysis of Organic Reactions CY APR 02-06, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP Organ React Catalysis Soc, W R Grace, Davison Catalysts, Parr Instrument, Degussa, N Amer Catalysis Soc, ACS PRF, Air Prod & Chem, CRI Catlaysts, Engelhard, Eli Lilly & Co, Merck & Co, Sud Chem, Umicore, Amgen & Nova Mol Technologies Inc AB A novel gas-liquid-solid reactor based on monolith catalyst structure was developed for converting sugar alcohols to value-added chemicals such as propylene glycol. The structured catalyst was used intending to improve product selectivity. Testing at the pressure of 1,200 psig and 210 degrees C with H-2 to sorbitol molar ratio of 8.9 and a space velocity range from 0.15 to 5 hr(-1) demonstrated that as high as 41 wt% of propylene glycol selectivity and 13 wt% ethylene glycol selectivity can be obtained. In addition, monolith catalysts gave higher C3/C2 ratio than that in the conventional trickle bed reactor with similar liquid hourly space velocities. C1 [Cao, Chunshe (James); White, James F.; Wang, Yong; Frye, John G.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,MS K8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Cao, CS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,MS K8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM chunshecao@yahoo.com RI Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013 FU Pacific Northwest National Laboratory FX This work was funded by Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for US Department of Energy. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-8493-7557-6 J9 CHEM IND-SER PY 2007 VL 115 BP 289 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA BFY06 UT WOS:000245398100033 ER PT B AU Yu, WK Vetter, J Canon, RS Jiang, S AF Yu, Weikuan Vetter, Jeffrey Canon, R. Shane Jiang, Song BE Schulze, B Buyya, R Navaux, P Cirne, W Rebello, V TI Exploiting lustre file joining for effective collective IO SO CCGRID 2007: SEVENTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND THE GRID LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid CY MAY 14-17, 2007 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP IEEE, Google, IBM, SUN Microsyst, NEC, sgi Innovat Results, CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, BNDES, Minist Ciencia Tecnol, BRASIL, Minist Desenvolvimento Ind Comercio Exterior, hp, Microsoft AB Lustre is, a parallel file system that presents high aggregated 10 bandwidth by striping file extents across many storage devices. However, our experiments indicate excessively wide striping can cause performance degradation. Lustre supports an innovative file joining feature that joins files in place. To mitigate striping overhead and benefit collective 10, we propose two techniques: split writing and hierarchical striping. hi split writing, a file is created as separate subfiles, each of which is striped to only a few storage devices. They are joined as a single file at the file close time. Hierarchical striping builds on top of split writing and orchestrates the span of subfiles in a hierarchical manner to avoid overlapping and achieve the appropriate coverage of storage devices. Together, these techniques can avoid the overhead associated with large stripe width, while still being able to combine bandwidth available from many storage devices. We have prototyped these techniques in the ROMIO implementation of MPI-IO. Experimental results indicate that split writing and hierarchical striping can significantly improve the performance of Lustre collective 10 in terms of both data transfer and management operations. On a Lustre file system configured with 46 object storage targets, our implementation improves collective write performance of a 16-process job by as much as 220%. C1 [Yu, Weikuan; Vetter, Jeffrey; Canon, R. Shane] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Jiang, Song] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. RP Yu, WK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wvu@ornl.gov; vetter@ornl.gov; canonrs@ornl.gov; sjiang@eng.wayne.edu FU U.S. Government [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the U.S. Government under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. Accordingly, the U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2833-5 PY 2007 BP 267 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGH61 UT WOS:000247002000031 ER PT B AU Vishnu, A Koop, M Moody, A Mamidala, AR Narravula, S Panda, DK AF Vishnu, A. Koop, M. Moody, A. Mamidala, A. R. Narravula, S. Panda, D. K. BE Schulze, B Buyya, R Navaux, P Cirne, W Rebello, V TI Hot-spot avoidance with multi-pathing over InfiniBand: An MPI perspective SO CCGRID 2007: SEVENTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND THE GRID LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid CY MAY 14-17, 2007 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP IEEE, Google, IBM, SUN Microsyst, NEC, sgi Innovat Results, CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, BNDES, Minist Ciencia Tecnol, BRASIL, Minist Desenvolvimento Ind Comercio Exterior, hp, Microsoft DE MPI; clusters; hot-spot; congestion control; InfiniBand AB Large scale InfiniBand clusters are becoming increasingly popular, as reflected by the TOP 500 Supercomputer rankings. At the same time, fat tree has become a popular interconnection topology for these clusters, since it allows multiple paths to be available in between a pair of nodes. However even with fat tree, hot-spots may occur in the network depending upon the route configuration between end nodes and communication pattern(s) in the application. To make matters worse, the deterministic routing nature of InfiniBand limits the application from effective use of multiple paths transparently and avoid the hot-spots in the network. Simulation based studies for switches and adapters to implement congestion control have been proposed in the literature. However these studies have focussed on providing congestion control for the communication path, and not on utilizing multiple paths in the network-for hot-spot avoidance. In this paper we design an MPI functionality, which provides hot-spot avoidance for different communications, without a priori knowledge of the pattern. We leverage LMC (LID Mask Count) mechanism of InfiniBand to create multiple paths in the network and present the design issues (scheduling policies, selecting number of paths, scalability aspects) of our design. We implement our design and evaluate it with Pallas collective communication and MPI applications. On an InfiniBand cluster with 48 processes, MPI All-to-all Personalized shows an improvement of 27%. Our evaluation with NAS Parallel Benchmarks on 64 processes shows significant improvement in execution time with this functionality. C1 [Vishnu, A.; Koop, M.; Mamidala, A. R.; Narravula, S.; Panda, D. K.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Moody, A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Vishnu, A (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM vishnu@cse.ohio-state.edu; koop@cse.ohio-state.edu; moody20@llnl.gov; mamidala@cse.ohio-state.edu; narravul@cse.ohio-state.edu; panda@cse.ohio-state.edu FU National Science Foundation [0702182]; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation Grant #0702182 and by Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2833-5 PY 2007 BP 479 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGH61 UT WOS:000247002000055 ER PT B AU Koop, MJ Jones, T Panda, DK AF Koop, Matthew J. Jones, Terry Panda, Dhabaleswar K. BE Schulze, B Buyya, R Navaux, P Cirne, W Rebello, V TI Reducing connection memory requirements of MPI for InfiniBand clusters: A message coalescing approach SO CCGRID 2007: SEVENTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND THE GRID LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid CY MAY 14-17, 2007 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP IEEE, Google, IBM, SUN Microsyst, NEC, sgi Innovat Results, CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, BNDES, Minist Ciencia Tecnol, BRASIL, Minist Desenvolvimento Ind Comercio Exterior, hp, Microsoft AB Clusters in the area of high-performance computing have been growing in size at a considerable rate. In these clusters, the dominate programming model is the Message Passing Interface (MPI), so the MPI library has a key role in resource usage and performance. To obtain maximal performance, man), clusters deploy a high-speed interconnect between compute nodes. One such interconnect, InfiniBand, has been gaining in popularity due to its various-features including Remote Data Memory Access (RDMA), and high-performance. As a result, it is being deployed in a significant number of clusters and has been chosen as the standard interconnect for capacity clusters within the DOE Tri-Labs. As these clusters grow in size, care must be taken to ensure the resource usage does not increase too significantly with scale. In particular, the MPI libran, resource usage should not grow at a rate which will exhaust the node memory or stance user applications. In this paper we present our findings of current memory), usage when all connections are created and design a message coalescing method to decrease memory usage significantly Our models show that the default configuration of MVAPICH can grow to IGB per process for 8K processes, while our enhancements reduce usage by an order of magnitude to around 120 MB per process while maintaining near-equal performance. We have validated our design on a 575-node cluster and shown no performance degradation for a variety of applications. We also increase the message rate attainable by over 150%. C1 [Koop, Matthew J.; Panda, Dhabaleswar K.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Network Based Comp Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Koop, Matthew J.; Jones, Terry] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Koop, MJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Network Based Comp Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM koop@cse.ohio-state.edu; trj@llnl.gov; panda@cse.ohio-state.edu FU DOE [DE-FC02-06ER25749, DE-FC02-06ER25755]; NSF [CNS-0403342, CNS-0509452]; U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory FX This work was primarily performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. This work was also supported in part by DOE grants #DE-FC02-06ER25749 and #DE-FC02-06ER25755; NSF grants #CNS-0403342 and #CNS-0509452. LLNL Technical Report UCRL-CONF-226304. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2833-5 PY 2007 BP 495 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGH61 UT WOS:000247002000057 ER PT B AU Engelmann, C Scott, SL Leangsuksun, C He, X AF Engelmann, C. Scott, S. L. Leangsuksun, C. He, X. BE Schulze, B Buyya, R Navaux, P Cirne, W Rebello, V TI Transparent symmetric active/active replication for service-level high availability SO CCGRID 2007: SEVENTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND THE GRID LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid CY MAY 14-17, 2007 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP IEEE, Google, IBM, SUN Microsyst, NEC, sgi Innovat Results, CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, BNDES, Minist Ciencia Tecnol, BRASIL, Minist Desenvolvimento Ind Comercio Exterior, hp, Microsoft ID COMMUNICATION AB As service-oriented architectures become more important in parallel and distributed computing systems, individual service instance reliability as well as appropriate service redundancy becomes an essential necessity in order to increase overall system availability This paper focuses on providing redundancy strategies using service-level replication techniques. Based on previous research using symmetric active/active replication, this paper proposes a transparent symmetric active/active replication approach that allows for more reuse of code between individual service-level replication implementations by using a virtual communication layer. Service- and client-side interceptors are utilized in order to provide total transparency. Clients and servers are unaware of the replication infrastructure as it provides all necessary mechanisms internally. C1 [Engelmann, C.; Scott, S. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Engelmann, C.] Univ Reading, Dept Comp Sci, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. [Leangsuksun, C.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. [He, X.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Engelmann, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM engelmannc@ornl.gov; scottsl@ornl.gov; box@latech.edu; hexb@tntech.edu FU Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; U.S. Department of Energy; UT-Battelle, LLC [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Louisiana Tech University under U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER25659]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of ORNL FX This research was sponsored by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; U.S. Department of Energy. The work was performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), which is managedby UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. Itwas also performed at Louisiana Tech University under U.S. Department of Energy Grant No. DE-FG02-05ER25659. The work at Tennessee Tech University was sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of ORNL NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2833-5 PY 2007 BP 755 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGH61 UT WOS:000247002000089 ER PT J AU Bierhals, K Sondersorg, AC Lin, CT Rosenbaum, C Waldmann, H Wehner, F AF Bierhals, Katrin Sondersorg, Anna C. Lin, Chiann-Tso Rosenbaum, Claudia Waldmann, Herbert Wehner, Frank TI The epsilon-isoform of PKC mediates the hypertonic activation of cation channels in confluent monolayers of rat Hepatocytes SO CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE rat; liver; cell volume; volume regulation; cation channel; PKC; isoform ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; APOPTOTIC CELL-DEATH; NA+ CONDUCTANCE; NA+-K+-2CL(-) SYMPORT; BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION; PRIMARY CULTURE; ION CHANNELS; VOLUME; STRESS; PROLIFERATION AB We were interested whether PKC alpha, delta, epsilon or zeta is the isoform actually employed in the activation of hypertonicity-induced cation channels (HICCs) in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Quantitative SDS-page and Western-blot experiments revealed that PKC alpha, delta and epsilon were stimulated by Indolactam V ( as a DAG substitute for activation of c and nPKCs) but that only PKC delta and epsilon did respond to hypertonic stress. Furthermore, chelation of intracellular Ca++ by BAPTAAM did not alter HICC activation in cable-analysis experiments whereas Indolactam V as well as V8 ( an Indolactam derivative specific for PKC delta and epsilon) activated HICC currents under isotonic conditions. Finally, by use of Rottlerin (as an inhibitor exhibiting a slight preference for PKC delta over epsilon) PKC epsilon could be identified as the most likely isoform responsible for the activation of the HICC. Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Max Planck Inst Mol Physiol, Dept Syst Cell Biol, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany. Max Planck Inst Mol Physiol, Dept Biol Chem, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wehner, F (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Mol Physiol, Dept Syst Cell Biol, Rheinlanddamm 201, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany. EM frank.wehner@mpi-dortmund.mpg.de OI Waldmann, Herbert/0000-0002-9606-7247 NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-8987 J9 CELL PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Cell. Physiol. Biochem. PY 2007 VL 20 IS 5 BP 397 EP 404 DI 10.1159/000107524 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Physiology GA 201CK UT WOS:000248808900013 PM 17762167 ER PT J AU Carlisle, KB Gladysz, GM Chawla, KK Koopman, M Lewis, M AF Carlisle, K. B. Gladysz, G. M. Chawla, K. K. Koopman, M. Lewis, M. TI Characterization of the binder phase in a three-phase carbon microballoon syntactic foam SO CELLULAR POLYMERS LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITES AB In three-phase syntactic foams, the (often polymeric) binder phase plays the vital role of holding the compressive load bearing microballoon components in place. When characterizing three-phase syntactic foams, it is important to characterize this binder phase. To obtain thermal and mechanical properties, we have performed differential scanning calorimetry and nanoindentation on samples of the binder in a three-phase carbon microballoon syntactic foam system. The binder is a specific variety of bismaleamide, APO-BMI, differing from the prototypical bismaleamide by an extra methyl group and two sulfur atoms between the central benzene rings. Through differential scanning calorimetry, we determined that the melting temperature of neat APO-BMI is 120 degrees C and that curing begins at 230 degrees C. The presence of carbon microballoons was seen to affect the curing reaction of APO-BMI, reducing the onset of curing temperature. The Young's modulus of cured APO-BMI was determined by nanoindentation to be 6.6 GPa. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Trelleborg Emerson & Cuming Inc, Canton, MA 02021 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chawla, KK (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, BEC 254,1530 3rd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM kchawla@uab.edu NR 15 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU RAPRA TECHNOLOGY LTD PI SHREWSBURY PA SHAWBURY, SHREWSBURY SY4 4NR, SHROPS, ENGLAND SN 0262-4893 J9 CELL POLYM JI Cell Polym. PY 2007 VL 26 IS 3 BP 157 EP 165 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Biomaterials; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 190DT UT WOS:000248038900001 ER PT B AU Saikia, DJ Konar, C Jamrozy, M Machalski, J Gupta, N Stawarz, L Mack, KH Siemiginowska, A AF Saikia, D. J. Konar, C. Jamrozy, M. Machalski, J. Gupta, Neeraj Stawarz, L. Mack, K. -H. Siemiginowska, A. BE Ho, LC Wang, JM TI Episodic activity in radio galaxies SO CENTRAL ENGINE OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Central Engine of Active Galactic Nuclei CY OCT 16-21, 2006 CL Xi an Jiaotong Univ, Xi an, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Xi an Jiaotong Univ AB One of the interesting issues in our understanding of active galactic nuclei is the duration of their active phase and whether such activity is episodic. In this paper we summarize our recent results on episodic activity in radio galaxies obtained with the GMRT and the VLA. C1 [Saikia, D. J.; Konar, C.; Gupta, Neeraj] TIFR, Natl Ctr Radio Astrophys, Pune, Maharashtra, India. [Jamrozy, M.; Machalski, J.; Stawarz, L.] Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Krakow, Poland. [Stawarz, L.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA USA. [Mack, K. -H.] INAF Inst Radioastron, Bologna, Italy. [Siemiginowska, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MD USA. RP Saikia, DJ (reprint author), TIFR, Natl Ctr Radio Astrophys, Pune, Maharashtra, India. RI Jamrozy, Marek/F-4507-2015 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-307-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 373 BP 217 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGZ17 UT WOS:000251450500057 ER PT S AU Jenkins, MG Lara-Curzio, E Windes, WE AF Jenkins, Michael G. Lara-Curzio, Edgar Windes, William E. BE Marra, S TI (GENIV) NEXT GENERATION NUCLEAR POWER AND REQUIREMENTS FOR STANDARDS, CODES AND DATA BASES FOR CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES SO CERAMICS IN NUCLEAR AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY APPLICATIONS SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc (ACerS), Engn Ceram Div (ECD) AB Innovative and novel applications of CMCs are critical to the success of GenIV Next Generation Nuclear Power (NGNP) plants Regularity requirements (e g, Nuclear Regulatory Commission) demand the implementation of test standards design codes and data bases for CMCs as part of the licensing and approval of this new power plants Significant progress on standards, codes and databases for heat engine and aero applications has been made since 1991 however new requirements (e g, durability in extreme temperature and irradiation environments) for CMC applications in NGNP require additional efforts The current (2006) state of standards design codes and databases for CMCs is reviewed and discussed Issues related to development, verification and use of new standards design codes and database NGNP applications, including international aspects, are presented and discussed C1 [Jenkins, Michael G.] Univ Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI 48221 USA. [Lara-Curzio, Edgar] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Windes, William E.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Jenkins, MG (reprint author), Univ Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI 48221 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-08055-9 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 5 BP 3 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BSM34 UT WOS:000284914200001 ER PT S AU Stanek, CR Valdez, JA Sickafus, KE McClellan, KJ Grimes, RW AF Stanek, C. R. Valdez, J. A. Sickafus, K. E. McClellan, K. J. Grimes, R. W. BE Marra, S TI DETERMINATION OF PROMISING INERT MATRIX FUEL COMPOUNDS SO CERAMICS IN NUCLEAR AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY APPLICATIONS SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc,Engn Ceram Div ID PYROCHLORE; OXIDES; DIFFUSION; DISORDER AB The stockpile of civil (and weapons grade) plutonium could be reduced if it were incorporated into an Inert matrix fuel (IMF) for insertion in a power reactor However, potential IMF compounds must meet a series of requirements including acceptable thermal conductivity and suitable radiation tolerance Atomistic simulations are employed to investigate properties related to IMF applicability in oxide materials RE(2)Ce(2)O(7) (where RE = a rare earth atom or Y) pyrochlores In particular, radiation tolerance is predicted through these simulations The theoretical results are then compared to experimental irradiation data in order to determine the applicability of these compounds for further consideration as potential inert matrix fuels C1 [Stanek, C. R.; Valdez, J. A.; Sickafus, K. E.; McClellan, K. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Stanek, CR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST 8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-08055-9 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 5 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.1002/9780470291344.ch2 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BSM34 UT WOS:000284914200002 ER PT S AU Dunwoody, JT Stanek, CR McClellan, KJ Voit, SL Hartmann, T Wheeler, K Parra, M Peralta, PD AF Dunwoody, John T. Stanek, Christopher R. McClellan, Kenneth J. Voit, Stewart L. Hartmann, Thomas Wheeler, Kirk Parra, Manuel Peralta, Pedro D. BE Marra, S TI OPTIMIZATION OF SINTERING PARAMETERS FOR NITRIDE TRANSMUTATION FUELS SO CERAMICS IN NUCLEAR AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY APPLICATIONS SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc (ACerS), Engn Ceram Div (ECD) AB One mission of the Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative (AFCI) is to develop transmutation fuels (i e fuels capable of having their transuranic elements transmuted to a shorter-lived isotopes) in order to close the nuclear fuel cycle thereby reducing the U S inventory of civilian plutonium, the waste stored in geologic repositories and the cost of nuclear waste management Actinide mononitrides are potential transmutation fuel materials due to favorable properties such as high melting point, excellent thermal conductivity, high fissile density, suitability towards reprocessing and good radiation tolerance(1) In older to avoid the difficulties of working with actinide bearing materials we have performed a processing study on ZrN ZrN is isostructural (i e NaCl structure) with actinide nitrides and is therefore a good surrogate compound Furthermore, ZrN is a diluent in so-called "non-fertile fuels i e containing no uranium The effects of sintering were investigated by varying both the sintering atmosphere and temperature in order to determine the effect on important properties such as density and nitrogen stoichiometry The density and stoichiometry values were then compared to hardness and microstructure on similar samples The results of these studies are presented in the context of the various issues associated with the design and fabrication of actinide bearing nitride fuel forms C1 [Dunwoody, John T.; Stanek, Christopher R.; McClellan, Kenneth J.; Voit, Stewart L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Hartmann, Thomas] Univ Nevada, Harry Ried Ctr Environm Studies, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Wheeler, Kirk; Parra, Manuel; Peralta, Pedro D.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Dunwoody, JT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. FU Advanced Fuel Cycle Intiative; NERI; Department of Energy FX This research was funded through the Advanced Fuel Cycle Intiative and NERI Contracts, under authorization of the Department of Energy. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-08055-9 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 5 BP 29 EP + DI 10.1002/9780470291344.ch4 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BSM34 UT WOS:000284914200004 ER PT S AU Byun, TS Hong, SG Snead, LL Katoh, Y AF Byun, T. S. Hong, S. G. Snead, L. L. Katoh, Y. BE Marra, S TI INFLUENCE OF SPECIMEN TYPE AND LOADING CONFIGURATION ON THE FRACTURE STRENGTH OF SiC LAYER IN COATED PARTICLE FUEL SO CERAMICS IN NUCLEAR AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY APPLICATIONS SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc, Engn Ceram Div AB Internal pressurization and diametrical loading techniques were developed to measure the fracture strength of chemically vapor-deposited (CVD) silicon carbide (SiC) coating in nuclear fuel particles Miniature tubular and hemispherical shell specimens were used for both test methods In the Internal pressurization test, an expansion load was applied to the inner surface of a specimen by use of a compressively loaded elastomeric insert (polyurethane) In the crush test, a diametrical compressive load was applied to the outer surface(s) of a specimen The test results revealed that the fracture strengths from four test methods obeyed Weibull s two-parameter distribution and the measured values of the Weibull modulus were consistent for different test methods The fracture strengths measured by crush test techniques were larger than those by internal pressurization tests This is because the internal pressurization produces uniform stress distribution while the diametrical loading technique produces severely localized stress distribution, causing the tremendous reduction of effective surface The test method dependence of fracture strength was explained by the size effect predicted by effective surface C1 [Byun, T. S.; Hong, S. G.; Snead, L. L.; Katoh, Y.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Byun, TS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6151, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-08055-9 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 5 BP 77 EP 87 DI 10.1002/9780470291344.ch9 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BSM34 UT WOS:000284914200009 ER PT S AU Byler, DD McClellan, KJ Valdez, JA Peralta, PD Wheeler, K AF Byler, Darrin D. McClellan, Kenneth J. Valdez, James A. Peralta, Pedro D. Wheeler, Kirk BE Marra, S TI INVESTIGATION OF ALUMINIDES AS POTENTIAL MATRIX MATERIALS FOR INERT MATRIX NUCLEAR FUELS SO CERAMICS IN NUCLEAR AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY APPLICATIONS SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc, Engn Ceram Div ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; RUTHENIUM ALUMINIDE; FAILURE AB New nuclear fuel forms are being sought in an effort to burn down plutonium inventories and for minor actinide transmutation A study was conducted to screen two potential materials for a new fuel form In this study, inert matrix fuels (IMFs) were considered as a nuclear fuel type with particular emphasis on the matrix materials and their compatibility with surrogate oxides/nitrides and cladding materials In a fuel cycle application fuel materials need high thermal conductivity good radiation tolerance relatively high melting point, ease of fabrication and suitability for separation Due to their physical mechanical and thermal properties, as well as relative ease of fabrication, nickel aluminide (NIAl) and ruthenium aluminide (RuAl) and their solid solutions were considered as potential matrix candidates for IMFs Such IMFs can be of interest for fast and thermal spectrum applications This study focused on the ease of fabrication interaction of molten NiAl and RuAl with the oxides/nitrides and the compatibility of NiAl and RuAl with the materials in the system such as oxide/nitrides and typical cladding materials (Zr 4 and HT-9) Results from the experiments indicate limited interaction between the aluminides and cladding materials where inter-diffusion over the 168 hour test period occurred in the worst case a distance of about 11 mu m In light of the results, it was concluded that RuAl and NiAl are promising candidates for IMF materials, warranting further investigation C1 [Byler, Darrin D.; McClellan, Kenneth J.; Valdez, James A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Byler, DD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-08055-9 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 5 BP 89 EP 99 DI 10.1002/9780470291344.ch10 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BSM34 UT WOS:000284914200010 ER PT S AU Ross, DF Hendrich, WR AF Ross, Denwood F., Jr. Hendrich, William R. BE Marra, S TI STRENGTH TESTING OF MONOLITHIC AND DUPLEX SILICON CARBIDE CYLINDERS IN SUPPORT OF USE AS NUCLEAR FUEL CLADDING SO CERAMICS IN NUCLEAR AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY APPLICATIONS SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc (ACerS), Engn Ceram Div (ECD) AB An Important aspect of nuclear fuel rod cladding is its ability to withstand, throughout its lifetime, internal pressure loads during steady-state operation transients, and accidents Consideration is now being given to the use of silicon carbide duplex tubes as a replacement for the existing use of zirconium alloys This project investigated the mechanical response of various silicon carbide tubular structures when subjected to internal pressurization using an expanding Internal plug method According to this test method an incompressible polyurethane plug fitted inside the test specimen, is subjected to axial compressive loading, which results in the internal pressurization of the test specimen Monolithic tubes manufactured were tested along with a series of fiber reinforced composite tubular test specimens and duplex tubes comprised of a monolithic tube that is surrounded by a fiber-reinforced composite The test results showed that The monolith test specimens failed at about 0 2% tangential strain and the values of Young s modulus obtained were consistent with those published in the literature The duplex test specimens also failed at about the same strain when the inner monolithic SiC failed However, they exhibited a "graceful" mode of failure (no brittle fracture of the duplex test specimen) with the composite layer holding the structure in one piece One set of composite-only test specimens exhibited a load carrying capability lower than that of the monolithic SiC tubes, and tended to fracture in several pieces at low strain values C1 [Ross, Denwood F., Jr.] Gamma Engn Corp, 15815 Crabbs Branch Way, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Hendrich, William R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Tech Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ross, DF (reprint author), Gamma Engn Corp, 15815 Crabbs Branch Way, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. FU Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of FreedomCAR; Vehicle Technology Program, Materials Laboratory User Program; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Westinghouse Electric Corporation FX The work at Oak Ridge National Laboratory was sponsored by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technology Program, as part of the High Temperature Materials Laboratory User Program, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC05-00OR22725. The Silicon Carbide duplex test specimens provided by Gamma Engineering and Novatech were developed under DOE Small Business grants. The Starfire all-composite test specimens were produced by Starfire enterprises under contract to Gamma Engineering under a separate project sponsored by Westinghouse Electric Corporation. The authors would like to thank Herb Feinroth of Gamma Engineering and Edgar Lara-Curzio and Roger Jaramillo of Oak Ridge National Laboratory for technical guidance and for reviewing this manuscript. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-08055-9 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 5 BP 117 EP + DI 10.1002/9780470291344.ch12 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BSM34 UT WOS:000284914200012 ER PT S AU Henager, CH AF Henager, Charles H., Jr. BE Marra, S TI SUBCRITICAL CRACK GROWTH IN HI NICALON TYPE S FIBER CVI SIC/SIC COMPOSITES SO CERAMICS IN NUCLEAR AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY APPLICATIONS SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc,Engn Ceram Div ID ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; SILICON-CARBIDE; CVISICF/SIC COMPOSITES; STRESS-ANALYSIS; MODEL; IRRADIATION; CREEP AB SiC continuous fiber composites are considered for nuclear applications but concern has centered on two major issues for this material at elevated temperatures in neutron environments One is the differential materials response of the fiber fiber/matrix interphase (fiber coating) and matrix under thermal mechanical loads and irradiation induced swelling The other is subcritical crack extension when time-dependent and dose dependent fiber creep can occur In this study both experiments and simulations were employed to understand and predict this behavior Constant stress tests at elevated temperatures in inert environments without radiation damage are being used to explore subcritical crack growth in Type S SiC fiber composites Additionally, a continuous fiber composite is simulated by four concentric cylinders to explore the magnitude of radial stresses when irradiation swelling of the various components is incorporated The outputs of this model were input into a time dependent crack bridging model to predict crack growth rates in an environment where thermal and irradiation creep of SiC based fibers is considered Under assumed Coulomb friction the fiber matrix sliding stress decreases with increasing dose and then increases once the pyrocarbon swelling reaches "turn around" This causes an initial increase in crack growth rate and higher stresses in crack bridging fibers at higher doses An assumed irradiation creep law for fine grained SiC fibers is shown to dominate the radiation response however C1 [Henager, Charles H., Jr.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Henager, CH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-08055-9 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 5 BP 127 EP 144 DI 10.1002/9780470291344.ch13 PG 18 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BSM34 UT WOS:000284914200013 ER PT J AU Ueno, S Ohji, T Lin, HT AF Ueno, Shunkichi Ohji, Tatsuki Lin, Hua-Tay TI Recession behavior of a silicon nitride with multi-layered environmental barrier coating system SO CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE surface; corrosion; silicates; structural applications ID WATER-VAPOR; TEMPERATURE; OXIDATION AB A silicon nitride with multi-layered environmental barrier coating (EBC) system was prepared. The multi-layered coating consisted of a thin Lu2Si2O7 bond coat, Lu2Si2O7/mullite eutectic intermediate layer, and a top Lu2Si2O7 layer. A glassy phase was observed on the top Lu2Si2O7 surface of the as-coated sample. The glassy phase was converted into Lu2Si2O7 and Lu2SiO5 phases via a heat treatment at 1500 degrees C in Ar. The recession test was performed at 1300 degrees C for 500 h using high-speed steam jet equipment, which was employed to simulate the gas turbine engine conditions. Post-test examinations showed that the multi-layered EBC system well sustained during the high-temperature steam exposure test. Also, the silicon nitride substrate was protected from the oxidation and corrosion, and thus no material recession was observed. However, some cracks that run through the EBC layer was observed in the sample after the test. The substrate near the cracks oxidized, leading to the formation of a thermally grown oxide phase. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved. C1 Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, Ibaraki, Osaka 5670047, Japan. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Adv Mfg Res Inst, Moriyama Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4638687, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Ueno, S (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 5670047, Japan. EM ueno23@sanken.osaka-u.ac.jp NR 11 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-8842 J9 CERAM INT JI Ceram. Int. PY 2007 VL 33 IS 5 BP 859 EP 862 DI 10.1016/j.ceramint.2006.01.012 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 173OT UT WOS:000246883100026 ER PT J AU Deptula, A Lada, W Olczak, T Wawszczak, D Sartowska, B Goretta, KC AF Deptula, A. Lada, W. Olczak, T. Wawszczak, D. Sartowska, B. Goretta, K. C. TI Formation of LiNixCo1-xO2 by decarbonization of organic gel precursors through treatment with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide SO CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE oxides; sol-gel chemistry; thermogravimetric analysis; X-ray diffraction; electrochemical properties ID ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION; POWDERS; LIMN2O4; CATHODE; NI0.75CO0.25; BATTERIES; LICOO2 AB We have used a complex sol-gel process to synthesize a family of compounds LiNixCo1-xO2 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1). These compounds are candidates for electrode materials in high-energy-density batteries. Starting sols were prepared from xNi(2+) + (1 - x) Co2+ acetates/ascorbic acid aqueous solutions by alkalizing with LiOH and NH3. With thermal treatment in air, nickel carbonates formed in quantities roughly proportional to Ni concentration. The carbonate impurities could not be fully removed by heating in air to high temperatures. Because formation of pure layered oxides was inhibited by the presence of the carbonates, we developed a new way to remove them from just-formed precursors by treating the intermediate phases (those formed after calcination at 750 degrees C) with concentrated HNO3 and H2O2. All resulting powders were phase pure by X-ray diffraction and were easily friable. Various electrochemical properties of compacts prepared from these powders were measured. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Nucl Chem & Technol, PL-03195 Warsaw, Poland. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Deptula, A (reprint author), Inst Nucl Chem & Technol, PL-03195 Warsaw, Poland. EM adeptula@ichtj.waw.pl; ken.goretta@aoard.af.mil NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-8842 J9 CERAM INT JI Ceram. Int. PY 2007 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1617 EP 1621 DI 10.1016/j.ceramint.2006.07.006 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 224DA UT WOS:000250424800034 ER PT S AU Johnson, TJ Valentine, NB Gassman, PL Atkinson, DA Sharpe, SW Williams, SD AF Johnson, T. J. Valentine, N. B. Gassman, P. L. Atkinson, D. A. Sharpe, S. W. Williams, S. D. BE Ewing, KJ Gillespie, JB Chu, PM Marinelli, WJ TI On the relative utility of infrared (IR) versus terahertz (THz) for optical sensors SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSORS FOR INDUSTRIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensors for Industrial and Environmental Monitoring III CY SEP 11-12, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE infrared; IR; FTIR; THz; terahertz; explosives; organophosphorous; Bacillus; spectral library; database ID HARMONIC VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SCALE FACTORS; INTENSITIES AB Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has active programs investigating the optical absorption strengths of several types of molecules including toxic industrial chemicals (TICs), microbiological threats such as bacteria, as well as explosives such as RDX, PETN and TNT. While most of our work has centered on the mid-infrared domain (600 to 6,500 cm(-1)), more recent work has also included work in the far-infrared, also called the terahertz (THz) region (500 to similar to 8 cm(-1)). Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, we have been able to compare the relative, and in some cases absolute, IR/THz cross sections of a number of species in the solid and liquid phases. The relative band strengths of a number of species of interest are discussed in terms of both experimental and computational results. C1 [Johnson, T. J.; Valentine, N. B.; Gassman, P. L.; Atkinson, D. A.; Sharpe, S. W.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Battelle, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Johnson, TJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Battelle, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM timothy.johnson@pnl.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6916-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6756 AR 675604 DI 10.1117/12.754009 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHH06 UT WOS:000253181400003 ER PT J AU Kidder, MK Britt, PF Chaffee, AL Buchanan, AC AF Kidder, Michelle K. Britt, Phillip F. Chaffee, Alan L. Buchanan, A. C., III TI Confinement effects on product selectivity in the pyrolysis of phenethyl phenyl ether in mesoporous silica SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; SIZE; PATHWAYS; LIGNIN; IMPACT; SBA-15; MODEL AB Pyrolysis of phenethyl phenyl ether confined in mesoporous silicas by covalent grafting results in significantly increased product selectivity compared with fluid phases. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Monash Univ, Sch Chem, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. RP Buchanan, AC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM buchananac@ornl.gov NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 16 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2007 IS 1 BP 52 EP 54 DI 10.1039/b613757a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 124PF UT WOS:000243380800007 PM 17279258 ER PT J AU Ritchie, C Burkholder, EM Long, DL Adam, D Kogerler, P Cronin, L AF Ritchie, Chris Burkholder, Eric M. Long, De-Liang Adam, David Kogerler, Paul Cronin, Leroy TI Exploiting the multifunctionality of organocations in the assembly of hybrid polyoxometalate clusters and networks SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; SYMMETRY; TOPOLOGY AB Assembly of an unprecedented [((PMnW11O39)-Mn-V-W-II-O-VI)(2){(PO4)-O-V}](13-) and a [P2Mn4W18O68](10-) cluster have been observed and structurally characterised and cryospray mass spectroscopic ionization (CSI) has been used to observe one of the very reactive building blocks linking solid state with solution studies. C1 Univ Glasgow, Dept Chem, WestCHEM, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Cronin, L (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Dept Chem, WestCHEM, Joseph Black Bldg,Univ Ave, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. EM L.Cronin@chem.gla.ac.uk RI Cronin, Leroy/B-7752-2008; Long, Deliang/C-3500-2011; Ritchie, Chris/B-6419-2008; Kogerler, Paul/H-5866-2013 OI Cronin, Leroy/0000-0001-8035-5757; Ritchie, Chris/0000-0002-1640-6406; Kogerler, Paul/0000-0001-7831-3953 NR 20 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2007 IS 5 BP 468 EP 470 DI 10.1039/b612741j PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 129DA UT WOS:000243707400002 PM 17252097 ER PT J AU Schelter, EJ Morris, DE Scott, BL Kiplinger, JL AF Schelter, Eric J. Morris, David E. Scott, Brian L. Kiplinger, Jaqueline L. TI Actinide-mediated coupling of 4-fluorobenzonitrile: synthesis of an eight-membered thorium(IV) tetraazametallacycle SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID TERMINAL ALKYNES; X-RAY; INTERMOLECULAR HYDROAMINATION; ORGANOACTINIDE COMPLEXES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; URANIUM; REACTIVITY; NITRILES; CHEMISTRY; PYRIDINE AB An eight-membered thorium(IV) tetraazamacrocycle is produced by the sequential, metal-mediated coupling of four equivalents of 4-fluorobenzonitrile; its formation is consistent with the involvement of an imido intermediate, generated from a thorium ketimide complex. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kiplinger, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kiplinger@lanl.gov RI Schelter, Eric/E-2962-2013; Morris, David/A-8577-2012; Kiplinger, Jaqueline/B-9158-2011; Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Kiplinger, Jaqueline/0000-0003-0512-7062; Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 40 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2007 IS 10 BP 1029 EP 1031 DI 10.1039/b614050e PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 140IG UT WOS:000244497600004 PM 17325795 ER PT J AU Ashley, A Balazs, G Cowley, A Green, J Booth, CH O'Hare, D AF Ashley, Andrew Balazs, Gabor Cowley, Andrew Green, Jennifer Booth, Corwin H. O'Hare, Dermot TI Bis(permethylpentalene)cerium - another ambiguity in lanthanide oxidation state SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY; CEROCENE; CYCLOOCTATETRAENE; SPECTROSCOPY; CERIUM AB Ce(eta(8)-C8Me6)(2) exists in a valency close to Ce(III) with some Ce(IV) and provides an example of the Kondo effect in a discrete molecule. C1 Univ Oxford, Chem Res Lab, Oxford OX1 3TA, England. Univ Oxford, Inorgan Chem Lab, Oxford OX1 3QR, England. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP O'Hare, D (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Chem Res Lab, Mansfield Rd, Oxford OX1 3TA, England. EM dermot.ohare@chem.ox.ac.uk RI Booth, Corwin/A-7877-2008 NR 23 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2007 IS 15 BP 1515 EP 1517 DI 10.1039/b700303j PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 153HU UT WOS:000245423800009 PM 17406692 ER PT J AU Thallapally, PK McGrail, BP Atwood, JL AF Thallapally, Praveen K. McGrail, B. Peter Atwood, Jerry L. TI Sorption of nitrogen oxides in a nonporous crystal SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; METHANE; STORAGE; HYDROGEN; BINDING; POLYMORPHISM; DESOLVATION; CHEMISTRY; PURE AB The uptake of various nitrogen oxides was studied with the well known nonporous p-tert-butylcalix[4] arene under ambient conditions. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Thallapally, PK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Praveen.Thallapally@pnl.gov; Pete.McGrail@pnl.gov; atwoodj@missouri.edu RI thallapally, praveen/I-5026-2014 OI thallapally, praveen/0000-0001-7814-4467 NR 36 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2007 IS 15 BP 1521 EP 1523 DI 10.1039/b617340c PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 153HU UT WOS:000245423800011 PM 17406694 ER PT J AU Mishra, A Yano, J Pushkar, Y Yachandra, VK Abboud, KA Christou, G AF Mishra, Abhudaya Yano, Junko Pushkar, Yulia Yachandra, Vittal K. Abboud, Khalil A. Christou, George TI Heteronuclear Mn-Ca/Sr complexes, and Ca/Sr EXAFS spectral comparisons with the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MANGANESE-CALCIUM CLUSTER; EVOLUTION; RELEVANCE; ENZYME; WATER AB Heterometallic Mn-Ca and Mn-Sr complexes have been prepared and employed as model complexes for Ca and Sr EXAFS spectral comparisons with the Oxygen-Evolving Complex (OEC) of Photosystem II (PS II); these have revealed similarities that support the presence of at least one O atom bridge between the Mn and Ca/Sr in the OEC. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lb, Melvil Calvin Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Christou, G (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM christou@chem.ufl.edu RI Christou, George /A-3072-2014 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R56 GM055302, GM 55302, R01 GM055302] NR 20 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2007 IS 15 BP 1538 EP 1540 DI 10.1039/b701355h PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 153HU UT WOS:000245423800017 PM 17406700 ER PT J AU Custelcean, R Sellin, V Moyer, BA AF Custelcean, Radu Sellin, Vincent Moyer, Bruce A. TI Sulfate separation by selective crystallization of a urea-functionalized metal-organic framework SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-BONDING GROUPS; COORDINATION POLYMERS; ANION-EXCHANGE; RECEPTORS; BINDING; RECOGNITION; COMPLEXES; CHEMISTRY; DESIGN; STATE AB Encapsulation of SO42- into a Ni coordination framework functionalized with urea anion-binding groups allows selective separation of this strongly hydrophilic anion from a highly competitive aqueous environment. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Custelcean, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM custelceanr@ornl.gov RI Custelcean, Radu/C-1037-2009; Moyer, Bruce/L-2744-2016 OI Custelcean, Radu/0000-0002-0727-7972; Moyer, Bruce/0000-0001-7484-6277 NR 42 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2007 IS 15 BP 1541 EP 1543 DI 10.1039/b616761f PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 153HU UT WOS:000245423800018 PM 17406701 ER PT J AU Runde, W Brodnax, LF Goff, GS Peper, SM Taw, FL Scott, BL AF Runde, Wolfgang Brodnax, Lia F. Goff, George S. Peper, Shane M. Taw, Felicia L. Scott, Brian L. TI Synthesis and structural characterization of a molecular plutonium(IV) compound constructed from dimeric building blocks SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PEROXIDE AB Single crystals of Na8Pu2(O-2)(2)(CO3)(6).12H(2)O, exhibiting bridging mu(2),eta(2)-O-2 ligands in unprecedented Pu(IV) dimeric units, were obtained at ambient temperature from an aqueous Pu(IV) peroxide carbonate solution. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Phys Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Runde, W (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM runde@lanl.gov RI Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017; OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396; Taw, Felicia/0000-0001-6993-2891 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2007 IS 17 BP 1728 EP 1729 DI 10.1039/b617878b PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 160MW UT WOS:000245946900014 PM 17457422 ER PT J AU De, G Kohn, R Xomeritakis, G Brinker, CJ AF De, Goutam Koehn, Ralf Xomeritakis, George Brinker, C. Jeffrey TI Nanocrystalline mesoporous palladium activated tin oxide thin films as room-temperature hydrogen gas sensors SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID METAL-OXIDES; SNO2; NANOWIRES; BEHAVIOR AB A unique nanocrystalline, mesoporous PdO - SnO2 film exhibiting high sensitivity and selectivity to hydrogen gas at room temperature has been developed. C1 Cent Glass & Ceram Res Inst, Sol Gel Div, Kolkata 700032, W Bengal, India. Univ New Mexico, Ctr Microengineered Mat, Farris Engn Ctr 203, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP De, G (reprint author), Cent Glass & Ceram Res Inst, Sol Gel Div, 196 Raja SC Mullick Rd, Kolkata 700032, W Bengal, India. EM gde@cgcri.res.in; cjbrink@sandia.gov NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2007 IS 18 BP 1840 EP 1842 DI 10.1039/b700029d PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 164BP UT WOS:000246207900017 PM 17476405 ER PT J AU Mynar, JL Goodwin, AP Cohen, JA Ma, Y Fleming, GR Frechet, JMJ AF Mynar, Justin L. Goodwin, Andrew P. Cohen, Joel A. Ma, Yingzhong Fleming, Graham R. Frechet, Jean M. J. TI Two-photon degradable supramolecular assemblies of linear-dendritic copolymers SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID DRUG-DELIVERY; POLYMERIC MICELLES; WOLFF REARRANGEMENT; DENDRIMERS; CARRIERS; DESIGN AB Micelles of dendritic-linear copolymers have been developed to release a payload after infrared stimulus. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Frechet, JMJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM frechet@berkeley.edu RI Ma, Yingzhong/L-6261-2016; OI Ma, Yingzhong/0000-0002-8154-1006; Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL080729] NR 18 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 28 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2007 IS 20 BP 2081 EP 2082 DI 10.1039/b701681f PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 171GK UT WOS:000246723100025 PM 17713085 ER PT J AU Zhu, BL Angelici, RJ AF Zhu, Bolin Angelici, Robert J. TI Non-nanogold catalyzed aerobic oxidation of secondary amines to imines SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID GOLD; EFFICIENT; ISOCYANIDES AB Bulk gold powder (similar to 10(3) nm particle size) is a highly active catalyst for the oxidative dehydrogenation of secondary amines to imines under the mild conditions of 1 atm O-2 and 60-100 degrees C. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Angelici, RJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM angelici@iastate.edu NR 21 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 24 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2007 IS 21 BP 2157 EP 2159 DI 10.1039/b700555e PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 170PR UT WOS:000246676600014 PM 17520121 ER PT J AU Shen, WM Wang, H Peng, HS Nie, L Chen, DY Jiang, M AF Shen, Wenming Wang, Hui Peng, Huisheng Nie, Lei Chen, Daoyong Jiang, Ming TI Facile preparation of stabilized polymeric nanotubes using sacrificial yttrium hydroxide nanotubes as template and block copolymer micelles as precursor SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE SOLVENT; ADSORPTION; SILICA; NANOPARTICLES; NANORODS; KINETICS; WATER AB We report here facile preparation of stabilized polymeric nanotubes with a hair-like shell using yttrium hydroxide nanotubes as the sacrificial template and block copolymer micelles as the precursor, and orientation of the polymeric nanotubes encapsulating magnetic particles under magnetic field. C1 Fudan Univ, Dept Macromol Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. Fudan Univ, Key Lab Mol Engn Polymers, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chen, DY (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Dept Macromol Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. EM chendy@fudan.edu.cn RI Shen, Wenming/C-1684-2010; Peng, Huisheng/G-8867-2011 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 23 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2007 IS 23 BP 2360 EP 2362 DI 10.1039/b701256j PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 176RZ UT WOS:000247103900024 PM 17844746 ER PT J AU Lu, K Guo, L Mehta, AK Childers, WS Dublin, SN Skanthakumar, S Conticello, VP Thiyagarajan, P Apkarian, RP Lynn, DG AF Lu, Kun Guo, Liang Mehta, Anil K. Childers, W. Seth Dublin, Steven N. Skanthakumar, S. Conticello, Vincent P. Thiyagarajan, P. Apkarian, Robert P. Lynn, David G. TI Macroscale assembly of peptide nanotubes SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PROTEINS; IONS AB Simple oligopeptides that self-assemble into homogeneous nanotubes can be directed to further assemble into macroscale parallel arrays through protein "salting out'' strategies. C1 Emory Univ, Ctr Anal Supramol Self Assemblies, Dept Chem & Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Emory Univ, Integrated Microscopy & Microanalyt Facil, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lynn, DG (reprint author), Emory Univ, Ctr Anal Supramol Self Assemblies, Dept Chem & Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM david.lynn@emory.edu OI Conticello, Vincent/0000-0001-6940-6947 NR 12 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 27 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2007 IS 26 BP 2729 EP 2731 DI 10.1039/b701029j PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 182ZR UT WOS:000247543000029 PM 17594035 ER PT J AU Polsky, R Harper, JC Wheeler, DR Dirk, SM Rawlings, JA Brozik, SM AF Polsky, Ronen Harper, Jason C. Wheeler, David R. Dirk, Shawn M. Rawlings, Julia A. Brozik, Susan M. TI Reagentless electrochemical immunoassay using electrocatalytic nanoparticle-modified antibodies SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID DNA HYBRIDIZATION; CATALYTIC LABELS; REDUCTION; OXYGEN; METAL AB We describe a new approach for reagentless electrochemical immunoassay sensing in which Au/Pd NPs can be "loaded'' onto antibodies to create an electrocatalytic antibody that is sensitive to the oxygen reduction reaction. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brozik, SM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-0892, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM smbrozi@sandia.gov NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2007 IS 26 BP 2741 EP 2743 DI 10.1039/b704012a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 182ZR UT WOS:000247543000033 PM 17594039 ER PT J AU Trewyn, BG Giri, S Slowing, II Lin, VSY AF Trewyn, Brian G. Giri, Supratim Slowing, Igor I. Lin, Victor S. -Y. TI Mesoporous silica nanoparticle based controlled release, drug delivery, and biosensor systems SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID RESPONSIVE CONTROLLED-RELEASE; SOL-GEL; SUPRAMOLECULAR NANOVALVE; GLUCOSE-OXIDASE; CELLS; IMMOBILIZATION; MATRIX; NEUROTRANSMITTERS; CHEMOSENSORS; MOLECULES C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lin, VSY (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM vsylin@iastate.edu OI Slowing, Igor/0000-0002-9319-8639 NR 52 TC 370 Z9 376 U1 29 U2 188 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2007 IS 31 BP 3236 EP 3245 DI 10.1039/b701744h PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 197OX UT WOS:000248566300010 PM 17668088 ER PT J AU Ruddy, DA Tilley, TD AF Ruddy, Daniel A. Tilley, T. Don TI Highly selective olefin epoxidation with aqueous H2O2 over surface-modified TaSBA15 prepared via the TMP method SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SUPPORTED TANTALUM OXIDE; LIQUID-PHASE OXIDATION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; CATALYTIC PERFORMANCE; MOLECULAR PRECURSOR; SILICA MATERIALS; TI-MCM-41; MECHANISM; SILYLATION; ALCOHOLS AB Trialkylsiloxy-modified Ta(V) centers on mesoporous silica exhibit excellent selectivity for epoxide formation (>98% after 2 h) in the oxidation of cyclohexene using aqueous H2O2 as the oxidant; the modified catalysts exhibit an increased lifetime, retaining high selectivity after 6 h of reaction (>95% epoxide). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tilley, TD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tdtilley@berkeley.edu NR 20 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2007 IS 32 BP 3350 EP 3352 DI 10.1039/b706443h PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 198VH UT WOS:000248655100004 PM 18019495 ER PT J AU Tian, GX Rao, LF Oliver, A AF Tian, Guoxin Rao, Linfeng Oliver, Allen TI Symmetry and optical spectra: a "silent" 1 : 2 Np(V)-oxydiacetate complex SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID NEPTUNIUM(V); ABSORPTION; IONS AB The 1 : 2 Np( V) - oxydiacetate complex, NpO2(ODA)(2) (3-), identified by single- crystal X- ray diffractometry for the first time, is centrosymmetric around the Np atom so that the f - f transitions of Np( V) are forbidden, resulting in the " silence'' of the absorption and diffuse reflectance spectra of this complex in solution and the solid state in the near- IR and visible regions. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rao, LF (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM LRao@lbl.gov; aoliver@chemistry.ucsc.edu NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2007 IS 40 BP 4119 EP 4121 DI 10.1039/b706825e PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 219LD UT WOS:000250085500011 PM 17925948 ER PT J AU Pradeep, CP Long, DL Kogerler, P Cronin, L AF Pradeep, Chullikkattil P. Long, De-Liang Koegerler, Paul Cronin, Leroy TI Controlled assembly and solution observation of a 2.6 nm polyoxometalate 'super' tetrahedron cluster: [KFe12(OH)(18)(alpha-1,2,3-P2W15O56)(4)](29-) SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID BUILDING-BLOCKS; POLYOXOTUNGSTATE; HETEROPOLYTUNGSTATES; EPOXIDATION; TOPOLOGY; STRENGTH; MOLECULE; SYMMETRY; WHEEL AB A nanoscale Fe-III-substituted polyoxotungstate [KFe12(OH) (-)(18) (alpha-1,2,3-P2W15O56)(4)](29-) is synthesized starting from the trilacunary {P2W15} Dawson cluster and [Fe-3(mu(3)-O)( CH2 =CHCOO)(6)(H2O)(3)](1+) to give a 2.6 nm tetrahedral cluster species and the 16 kDa cluster can be directly observed in solution as revealed by mass spectrometry studies. C1 Univ Glasgow, Dept Chem, WestCHEM, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Cronin, L (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Dept Chem, WestCHEM, Joseph Black Bldg, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. EM L.Cronin@chem.gla.ac.uk RI Cronin, Leroy/B-7752-2008; Long, Deliang/C-3500-2011; Kogerler, Paul/H-5866-2013 OI Cronin, Leroy/0000-0001-8035-5757; Kogerler, Paul/0000-0001-7831-3953 NR 30 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2007 IS 41 BP 4254 EP 4256 DI 10.1039/b707202c PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 221GR UT WOS:000250215900025 PM 18217597 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Zhang, XY Klivansky, LM Koshkakaryan, G AF Liu, Yi Zhang, Xiyun Klivansky, Liana M. Koshkakaryan, Gayane TI Enhancing the reactivity of 1,2,3-triazoles in "click'' macrocycles by face-to-face dibenzylammonium ion binding SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY DIALKYLAMMONIUM SALTS; CROWN-ETHERS; COMPLEXATION AB A face-to-face binding motif between dibenzylammonium ions and macrocycles containing 1,2,3-triazoles was established, which operates cooperatively to enhance the reactivity of 1,2,3-triazoles in an Arbuzov-type dealkylation reaction. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Codexis Inc, Redwood City, CA 94063 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, One Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM yliu@lbl.gov RI Liu, yi/A-3384-2008 OI Liu, yi/0000-0002-3954-6102 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2007 IS 45 BP 4773 EP 4775 DI 10.1039/b711505a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 231FE UT WOS:000250931100026 PM 18004437 ER PT J AU Mossman, K Groves, J AF Mossman, Kaspar Groves, Jay TI Micropatterned supported membranes as tools for quantitative studies of the immunological synapse SO CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE ITAM; immunotyrosine activation motif; RBL; rat basophilic; leukemia ID T-CELL-ACTIVATION; PATTERNED LIPID-BILAYERS; PLANAR MEMBRANES; RECEPTOR; RECOGNITION; ADHESION; EXPRESSION; ANTIGEN; SYSTEM; CD4 AB In living cells, membrane receptors transduce ligand binding into signals that initiate proliferation, specialization, and secretion of signaling molecules. Spatial organization of such receptors regulates signaling in several key immune cell interactions. In the most extensively studied of these, a T cell recognizes membrane-bound antigen presented by another cell, and forms a complex junction called the "immunological synapse" (IS). The importance of spatial organization at the IS and the quantification of its effect on signaling remain controversial topics. Researchers have successfully investigated the IS using lipid bilayers supported on solid substrates as model antigen-presenting membranes. Recent technical developments have enabled micron-and nanometre-scale patterning of supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) and their application to immune cell studies with provocative results, including spatial mutation of the IS. In this tutorial review, we introduce the IS; discuss SLB techniques, including micropatterning; and discuss various methods used to perturb and quantify the IS. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Groves, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA USA. EM kdmossman@gmail.com; jtgroves@lbl.gov NR 41 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0306-0012 J9 CHEM SOC REV JI Chem. Soc. Rev. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 36 IS 1 BP 46 EP 54 DI 10.1039/b605319j PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 128WA UT WOS:000243689200017 PM 17173144 ER PT J AU Dalgarno, SJ Thallapally, PK Barbour, LJ Atwood, JL AF Dalgarno, Scott J. Thallapally, Praveen K. Barbour, Leonard J. Atwood, Jerry L. TI Engineering void space in organic van der Waals crystals: calixarenes lead the way SO CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID COORDINATION POLYMERS; HYDROGEN STORAGE; FRAMEWORKS; METHANE; GAS; NANOCAPSULES; DESOLVATION; INCLUSION; COMPLEX AB Seemingly non-porous organic solids have the ability for guest transport and have also been shown to absorb gases, including hydrogen, methane and acetylene, to varied extents. These materials also show potential for gas separation technology, display remarkable water transport through hydrophobic crystals, and clearly show that molecules within crystals are capable of cooperating with guests as they move through non-porous environments. This work is presented within a broader topic which also encompasses crystal engineering and (microporous) metal-organic frameworks (MOF's). C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Chem, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa. RP Atwood, JL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, 601 S Coll Ave, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM AtwoodJ@missouri.edu RI thallapally, praveen/I-5026-2014; Dalgarno, Scott/A-7358-2010 OI thallapally, praveen/0000-0001-7814-4467; Dalgarno, Scott/0000-0001-7831-012X NR 32 TC 285 Z9 285 U1 4 U2 80 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0306-0012 J9 CHEM SOC REV JI Chem. Soc. Rev. PY 2007 VL 36 IS 2 BP 236 EP 245 DI 10.1039/b606047c PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 131AX UT WOS:000243841400011 PM 17264926 ER PT J AU Rao, LF AF Rao, Linfeng TI Thermodynamics of actinide complexation in solution at elevated temperatures: application of variable-temperature titration calorimetry SO CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; PHOTOACOUSTIC-SPECTROSCOPY; CARBONATE COMPLEXATION; DEGREES-C; URANIUM(VI); HYDROLYSIS; ACETATE; THORIUM(IV); DEPENDENCE; SULFATE AB Studies of actinide complexation in solution at elevated temperatures provide insight into the effect of solvation and the energetics of complexation, and help to predict the chemical behavior of actinides in nuclear waste processing and disposal where temperatures are high. This tutorial review summarizes the data on the complexation of actinides at elevated temperatures and describes the methodology for thermodynamic measurements, with the emphasis on variable-temperature titration calorimetry, a highly valuable technique to determine the enthalpy and, under appropriate conditions, the equilibrium constants of complexation as well. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rao, LF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM LRao@lbl.gov NR 42 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 30 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0306-0012 J9 CHEM SOC REV JI Chem. Soc. Rev. PY 2007 VL 36 IS 6 BP 881 EP 892 DI 10.1039/b603260p PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 172KU UT WOS:000246804000017 PM 17534475 ER PT J AU Ray, K George, SD Solomon, EI Wieghardt, K Neese, F AF Ray, Kallol George, Serena DeBeer Solomon, Edward I. Wieghardt, Karl Neese, Frank TI Description of the ground-state covalencies of the bis(dithiolato) transition-metal complexes from X-ray absorption spectroscopy and time-dependent density-functional calculations SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE density functional calculations; dithiolenes; S ligands; transition metals; X-ray absorption spectroscopy ID LIGAND K-EDGE; REDUCTASE ENZYME FAMILY; PLANAR NICKEL-COMPLEXES; DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE REDUCTASE; ORDER REGULAR APPROXIMATION; ELECTRON-TRANSFER SERIES; NITROUS-OXIDE REDUCTASE; CORRELATED AB-INITIO; BLUE COPPER SITE; SULFUR LIGANDS AB The electronic structures of [M(L-Bu)(2)](-) (L-Bu =3,5-di-tert-butyl-1,2-benzenedithiol; M=Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Co, An) complexes and their electrochemically generated oxidized and reduced forms have been investigated by using sulfur K-edge as well as metal K- and L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The electronic structure content of the sulfur K-edge spectra was determined through detailed comparison of experimental and theoretically calculated spectra. The calculations were based on a new simplified scheme based on quasi-relativistic time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) and proved to be successful in the interpretation of the experimental data. It is shown that dithiolene ligands act as noninnocent ligands that are readily oxidized to the dithiosemiquinonate(-) forms. The extent of electron transfer strongly depends on the effective nuclear charge of the central metal, which in turn is influenced by its formal oxidation state, its position in the periodic table, and scalar relativistic effects for the heavier metals. Thus, the complexes [M(L-Bu)(2)](-) (M=Ni, Pd, Pt) and [Au(L-Bu)(2)] are best described as delocalized class III mixed-valence ligand radicals bound to low-spin d(8) central metal ions while [M(L-Bu)(2)](-) (M=CU, Au) and [M((Bu))(2)](-) (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) contain completely reduced dithiolato(2-) ligands. The case of [Co(L-Bu)(2)](-) remains ambiguous. On the methodological side, the calculation led to the new result that the transition dipole moment integral is noticeably different for S-ls -> valence-pi versus S-ls -> valencea transitions, which is explained on the basis of the differences in radial distortion that accompany chemical bond formation. This is of importance in determining experimental covalencies for complexes with highly covalent metal-sulfur bonds from ligand K-edge absorption spectroscopy. C1 Univ Bonn, Inst Phys & Theoret Chem, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Max Planck Inst Bioanorgan Chem, D-45470 Mulheim An Der Ruhr, Germany. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Wieghardt, K (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Inst Phys & Theoret Chem, Wegelerstr 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. EM wieghardt@mpi-muelheim.mpg.de; neese@thch.uni-bonn.de RI DeBeer, Serena/G-6718-2012; Wieghardt, Karl/B-4179-2014; Neese, Frank/J-4959-2014 OI Neese, Frank/0000-0003-4691-0547 NR 83 TC 130 Z9 130 U1 6 U2 61 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0947-6539 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PY 2007 VL 13 IS 10 BP 2783 EP 2797 DI 10.1002/chem.200601425 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 152VI UT WOS:000245389700003 PM 17290468 ER PT J AU Gao, HX Ye, CF Gupta, OD Xiao, JC Hiskey, MA Twamley, B Shreeve, JM AF Gao, Haixiang Ye, Chengfeng Gupta, Om D. Xiao, Ji-Chang Hiskey, Michael A. Twamley, Brendan Shreeve, Jean'ne M. TI 2,4,5-trinitroimidazole-based energetic salts SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; IONIC LIQUIDS; 2,4-DINITROIMIDAZOLE; 4,4',5,5'-TETRANITRO-2,2'-BIIMIDAZOLE; 1,2,4,5-TETRANITROIMIDAZOLE; BONDS AB 2,4,5-Trinitroimidazol ate (TNI) salts with "high-nitrogen" cations tend to be highly hydrogen bonded and have heats of formation ranging up to 616 kJ mol(-1). Density, oxygen balance, and thermostability are enhanced by the presence of TNI. Based on theoretical calculations, all of the new salts are potential propellants. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Organ Chem, Shanghai 200032, Peoples R China. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shreeve, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jshreeve@uidaho.edu NR 53 TC 93 Z9 106 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0947-6539 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PY 2007 VL 13 IS 14 BP 3853 EP 3860 DI 10.1002/chem.200601860 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 169DP UT WOS:000246573200002 PM 17309083 ER PT J AU Maheswari, PU Barends, S Ozalp-Yaman, S de Hoog, P Casellas, H Teat, SJ Massera, C Lutz, M Spek, AL van Wezel, GP Gamez, P Reedijk, J AF Maheswari, Palanisamy Uma Barends, Sharief Oezalp-Yaman, Seniz de Hoog, Paul Casellas, Helene Teat, Simon J. Massera, Chiara Lutz, Martin Spek, Anthony L. van Wezel, Gilles P. Gamez, Patrick Reedijk, Jan TI Unique ligand-based oxidative DNA cleavage by zinc(II) complexes of hpyramol and hpyrimol SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dehydrogenation; DNA cleavage; electrochemistry; oxidation; zinc ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; METAL-COMPLEXES; NUCLEASE ACTIVITY; STRAND SCISSION; HYDROLYSIS; COPPER(II); DINUCLEAR; PERCHLORATE; REDUCTANT; CHEMISTRY AB The zinc(II) complexes reported here have been synthesised from the ligand 4-methyl-2-N-(2-pyridylmethyl)aminophenol (Hpyramol) with chloride or acetate counterions. All the five complexes have been structurally characterised, and the crystal structures reveal that the ligand Hpyramol gradually undergoes an oxidative dehydrogenation to form the ligand 4-methyl-2-N-(2-pyridylmethylene)aminophenol (Hpyrimol), upon coordination to Zn-II. All the five complexes cleave the phi X174 phage DNA oxidatively and the complexes with fully dehydrogenated pyrimol ligands were found to be more efficient than the complexes with non-dehydrogenated Hpyramol ligands. The DNA cleavage is suggested to be ligand-based, whereas the pure ligands alone do not cleave DNA. The DNA cleavage is strongly suggested to be oxidative, possibly due to the involvement of a non-diffusible phenoxyl radical mechanism. ne enzymatic religation experiments and DNA cleavage in the presence of different radical scavengers further support the oxidative DNA cleavage by the zinc(II) complexes. C1 Leiden Univ, Gorlaeus Labs, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. ALS, Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Parma, Dipartimento Chim Gen & Inorgan Chim Analit Chim, I-43100 Parma, Italy. Univ Utrecht, Bijvoet Ctr Biomol Res Crystal & Struct Chem, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. Atilim Univ, Fac Engn, Chem Grp, TR-06836 Ankara, Turkey. RP Reedijk, J (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Gorlaeus Labs, POB 9502, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. EM reedijk@chem.leidenuniv.nl RI Reedijk, Jan/F-1992-2010; Gamez, Patrick/B-3610-2012; OI Reedijk, Jan/0000-0002-6739-8514; Gamez, Patrick/0000-0003-2602-9525; Massera, Chiara/0000-0003-0230-1707; van Wezel, Gilles/0000-0003-0341-1561 NR 55 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0947-6539 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PY 2007 VL 13 IS 18 BP 5213 EP 5222 DI 10.1002/chem.200601525 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 185JW UT WOS:000247708300018 PM 17385761 ER PT J AU Geny, A Leboeuf, D Rouquie, G Vollhardt, KPC Malacria, M Gandon, V Aubert, C AF Geny, Anais Leboeuf, David Rouquie, Gabriel Vollhardt, K. Peter C. Malacria, Max Gandon, Vincent Aubert, Corinne TI Cobalt(I)-mediated preparation of polyborylated cyclohexadienes: Scope, limitations, and mechanistic insight SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE boron; cobalt; cross-coupling; density functional calculations; diene ligands ID MEDIATED 2+2+2 CYCLOADDITION; DIELS-ALDER REACTIONS; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; CROSS-COUPLING REACTIONS; ONE-STEP CONSTRUCTION; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS; ORGANOBORON COMPOUNDS; ENANTIOSELECTIVE CONSTRUCTION; CATALYZED CYCLOADDITION; COBALT METALLACYCLES AB A series of 1,3- and 1,4-diboryl-1,3-cyclohexadienes have been prepared by intermolecular CoCpmediated [2+2+2] cocyclizations of alkynylboronic pinacolate esters with alkenes, followed by oxidative demetallation with iron(III) chloride. The effect of substitution at the borylated alkyne on chemo- and regioselectivities has been studied, suggesting steric control. The proper choice of substituents allowed the preparation of 1,3-diborylated cyclohexadienes in a highly selective manner. Alternatively, 1,4-diborylated cyclohexadienes could be prepared from diborylated diynes. The scope of this reaction has been examined and found to include electron-poor, electron-rich, linear, and cyclic alkenes. The diborylated cyclohexadienes were submitted to single or double Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions with haloarenes to afford polyarylated systems. ne mechanism of the title reaction, including the regioselectivity of the cycloaddition steps, has been analyzed by means of DFT computations. C1 Univ Paris 06, Chim Organ Lab, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gandon, V (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Chim Organ Lab, Tour 44-55,4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France. EM gandon@ccr.jussieu.fr; aubert@ccr.jussieu.fr RI Gandon, Vincent/C-1942-2014; leboeuf, david/O-1306-2013 OI Gandon, Vincent/0000-0003-1108-9410; leboeuf, david/0000-0001-5720-7609 NR 123 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0947-6539 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PY 2007 VL 13 IS 19 BP 5408 EP 5425 DI 10.1002/chem.200700337 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 186XB UT WOS:000247810800010 PM 17492821 ER PT J AU Barcaro, G Apra, E Fortunelli, A AF Barcaro, Giovanni Apra, Edoardo Fortunelli, Alessandro TI Structure of ag clusters grown on Fs-defect sites of an MgO(100) surface SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE adsorption; cluster compounds; density functional calculations; silver; structure elucidation; surface chemistry ID TRANSITION-METAL ATOMS; POTENTIAL-CONFIGURATION INTERACTION; GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; ELASTIC POLARIZABLE ENVIRONMENT; MGO(001) SURFACE; AB-INITIO; OXIDE SURFACES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; OXYGEN VACANCIES; GOLD CLUSTERS AB The structure of Ag-N clusters (N=1-4, 6, 8, 10), both in the gas phase and grown on the MgO(100) surface containing F-s-defects, has been investigated by a density functional basin-hopping (DF-BH) approach. In analogy with what observed in the case of gold clusters, it is found that the presence of the defect implies a double frustration and a cylindrical invariance of the metal-surface interaction, causing small Ag clusters growing around the F-s defect to be highly fluxional. Nevertheless, two different structural crossovers are found to be induced by the metal-defect interaction for the adsorbed clusters such that: 1) planar structures prevail for N <= 4 (as in the gas phase); 2) noncrystalline (fivefold symmetric) structures, which are the lowest energy ones in the gas phase for medium sized Ag-N clusters (N >= 7), prevail for N=6 and N=8; 3) distorted face-centered cubic (fcc) structures grown pseudomorphically on the defected surface prevail for N=10. The transition from fivefold to fee motifs is rationalized in terms of the double-frustration effect, which increases the bond strain of the noncrystalline structures. Detrapping energies from the defect were also calculated; the lowest energy pathway corresponds to the detachment of a dimer. C1 CNR, IPCF, Mol Modeling Lab, I-56124 Pisa, Italy. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fortunelli, A (reprint author), CNR, IPCF, Mol Modeling Lab, Via G Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy. EM fortunelli@ipcf.cnr.it RI Apra, Edoardo/F-2135-2010; Barcaro, Giovanni/M-2614-2013; OI Apra, Edoardo/0000-0001-5955-0734; Barcaro, Giovanni/0000-0002-5520-5914 NR 96 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0947-6539 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PY 2007 VL 13 IS 22 BP 6408 EP 6418 DI 10.1002/chem.200601796 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 197MC UT WOS:000248558800014 PM 17497620 ER PT J AU Chen, G Xu, XJ Lin, YH Wang, J AF Chen, Gang Xu, Xuejiao Lin, Yuehe Wang, Joseph TI A sol-gel-modified poly(methyl methacrylate) electrophoresis microchip with a hydrophilic channel wall SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE electrophoresis; microchips; polymers; purines; sol-gel processes ID TOTAL ANALYSIS SYSTEMS; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES; AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION; SURFACE MODIFICATION; FABRICATION; POLYMERIZATION; CHIPS; FLOW; FILM AB A sol-gel method was employed to fabricate a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) electrophoresis microchip that contains a hydrophilic channel wall. To fabricate such a device, tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) was injected into the PMMA channel and was allowed to diffuse into the surface layer for 24 h. After removing the excess TEOS, the channel was filled with an acidic solution for 3 h. Subsequently, the channel was flushed with water and was pretreated in an oven to obtain a sol-gel-modified PMMA mi-crochip. The water contact angle for the sol-gel-modified PMMA was approximate to 27.4 degrees compared with approximate to 66.3 degrees for the pure PMMA. In addition, the electro-osmotic flow increased from 2.13 x 10(-4) cm(2) V-1 s(-1) for the native-PMMA channel to 4.86 x 10(-4) cm(2) V-1 s(-1) for the modified one. The analytical performance of the sol-gel-modifiedPMMA microchip was demonstrated for the electrophoretic separation of several purines, coupled with amperometric detection. The separation efficiency of uric acid increased to 74 882.3 m(-1) compared with 14730.5 m(-1) for native-PMMA microchips. The result of this simple modification is a significant improvement in the performance of PMMA for microchip electrophoresis and microfluidic applications. C1 Fudan Univ, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Anal, Shanghai 200032, Peoples R China. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Chen, G (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Anal, Shanghai 200032, Peoples R China. EM gangchen@fudan.edu.cn RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011; Wang, Joseph/C-6175-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587; NR 32 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0947-6539 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PY 2007 VL 13 IS 22 BP 6461 EP 6467 DI 10.1002/chem.200700242 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 197MC UT WOS:000248558800019 PM 17508382 ER PT J AU Ge, JP Hu, YX Biasini, M Dong, CL Guo, JH Beyermann, WP Yin, YD AF Ge, Jianping Hu, Yonxing Biasini, Maurizio Dong, Chungli Guo, Jinghua Beyermann, Ward P. Yin, Yadong TI One-step synthesis of highly water-soluble magnetite colloidal nanocrystals SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hydrolysis; magnetite nanostructures; superparamagnetic properties; water ID IRON-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; ONE-POT SYNTHESIS; PHASE-TRANSFER; COPRECIPITATION; ASSEMBLIES; PARTICLES; DIAGNOSIS; CELLS; CO AB A high-temperature solution-phase hydrolysis approach has been developed for the synthesis of colloidal magnetite nanocrystals with well-controlled size and size distribution, high crystallinity, and high water solubility. The synthesis was accomplished by the hydrolysis and reduction of iron(III) cations in diethylene glycol with a rapidly injected solution of sodium hydroxide at an elevated temperature. The high reaction temperature allows for control over size and size distribution and yields highly crystalline products. The superior water solubility is achieved by using a polyelectrolyte, that is, poly(acrylic acid) as the capping agent, the carboxylate groups of which partially bind to the nanocrystal surface and partially extend into the surrounding water. The direct synthesis of water-soluble nanocrystals eliminates the need for additional surface modification steps which are usually required for treating hydrophobic nanocrystals produced in nonpolar solvents through the widely recognized pyrolysis route. The abundant carboxylate groups on the nanocrystal surface allow further modifications, such as bioconjugation, as demonstrated by linking cysteamine to the particle surface. The monodisperse, highly water-soluble, superparamagnetic, and biocompatible magnetite nanocrystals should find immediate important biomedical applications. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys & Astron, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yin, YD (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM yadong.yin@ucr.edu RI Yin, Yadong/D-5987-2011; Hu, Yongxing/D-3548-2013; Ge, Jianping /B-4681-2012 OI Yin, Yadong/0000-0003-0218-3042; Hu, Yongxing/0000-0003-2264-9356; NR 36 TC 162 Z9 169 U1 17 U2 217 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0947-6539 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PY 2007 VL 13 IS 25 BP 7153 EP 7161 DI 10.1002/chem.200700375 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 208BH UT WOS:000249294300013 PM 17570720 ER PT J AU Aubert, C Betschmann, P Eichberg, MJ Gandon, V Heckrodt, TJ Lehmann, J Malacria, M Masjost, B Paredes, E Vollhardt, KPC Whitener, GD AF Aubert, Corinne Betschmann, Patrick Eichberg, Michael J. Gandon, Vincent Heckrodt, Thilo J. Lehmann, Juerg Malacria, Max Masjost, Birgit Paredes, Elisa Vollhardt, K. Peter C. Whitener, Glenn D. TI Cobalt-mediated [2+2+2] cycloaddition versus C-H and N-H activation of pyridones and pyrazinones with alkynes: An experimental study SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE C-H activation; cobalt cycloaddition; heterocycles; N-H activation ID DIELS-ALDER REACTIONS; FORMAL TOTAL-SYNTHESIS; 2+2+2 CYCLOADDITION REACTIONS; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; ISOQUINOLINE DERIVATIVES; HINDERED ROTATION; HYDROGEN BONDS; ALKALOIDS; ALKENES; COMPLEXES AB The reactivity of a range of pyridone and pyrazinone derivatives towards alkynes in the presence of cyclopentadienylcobaltbis(ethene) has been investigated. Depending on the nature of the substrates, [2+2+2]- or [2+2] cycloaddition, C-H, or N-H activation may occur. In the case of pyridones, the first three predominated with N-protected derivatives, whereas substrates containing N-H bonds followed an N-H activation pathway. The [2+2+2] cycloaddition of an N-buty-nylisoquinolone was applied successfully to the total synthesis of anhydrolycorinone. Pyrazinone substrates showed similar patterns of reactivity. C1 Univ Paris 06, UMR CNRS 7611, Inst Chem Mol, Lab Chem Organ, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vollhardt, KPC (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, UMR CNRS 7611, Inst Chem Mol, Lab Chem Organ, Case 229 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France. EM kpcv@berkeley.edu RI Gandon, Vincent/C-1942-2014 OI Gandon, Vincent/0000-0003-1108-9410 NR 143 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 24 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0947-6539 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PY 2007 VL 13 IS 26 BP 7443 EP 7465 DI 10.1002/chem.200601823 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 212CI UT WOS:000249570800016 PM 17579900 ER PT J AU Aubert, C Gandon, V Geny, A Heckrodt, TJ Malacria, M Paredes, E Vollhardt, KPC AF Aubert, Corinne Gandon, Vincent Geny, Anais Heckrodt, Thilo J. Malacria, Max Paredes, Elisa Vollhardt, K. Peter C. TI Cobalt-mediated [2+2+2] cycloaddition versus C-H and N-H activation of 2-pyridones and pyrazinones with alkynes: A theoretical study SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE C-H activation; cobalt; cycloaddition; density functional calculations; N-H activation ID 2+2+2 CYCLOADDITION REACTIONS; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; COMPLEXES; MECHANISM; COBALTACYCLOPENTADIENE; BOND; CYCLOTRIMERIZATIONS; TRANSFORMATION AB DFT computations have been executed aimed at illuminating the variety of pathways by which pyridones react with alkynes in the presence of [CpCoL2]: NH-2-pyridones furnish N-dienylated ligands (N-H activation pathway), N-methyl-2-pyridones are converted into ligated cyclohexadienes ([2+2+2] cocycloaddition pathway), and N-alkynyl-2-pyridones may undergo either [2+2+2] cocycloaddition or C-dienylation (C-H activation), depending on the length of the tether.The calculations predict the formation of the experimentally observed products, including their regio- and stereochemical make up. In addition, the unusual regiochemical outcome of the all-intramolecular [2+2+2] cycloaddition of N,N '-dipentynylpyrazinedione was rationalized by computation, which led to the discovery of a new mechanism. C1 Univ Paris 06, UMR CNRS 7611, Inst Chem Mol, Lab Chem Mol, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vollhardt, KPC (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, UMR CNRS 7611, Inst Chem Mol, Lab Chem Mol, Case 229 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France. EM kpcv@berkeley.edu RI Gandon, Vincent/C-1942-2014 OI Gandon, Vincent/0000-0003-1108-9410 NR 54 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0947-6539 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PY 2007 VL 13 IS 26 BP 7466 EP 7478 DI 10.1002/chem.200601822 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 212CI UT WOS:000249570800017 PM 17579899 ER PT J AU de Hatten, X Cournia, Z Huc, I Smith, JC Metzler-Nolte, N AF de Hatten, Xavier Cournia, Zoe Huc, Ivan Smith, Jeremy C. Metzler-Nolte, Nils TI Force-field development and molecular dynamics simulations of ferrocene-peptide conjugates as a scaffold for hydrogenase mimics SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE bioinorganic chemistry ferrocene; bioconjugates; force-field parameterization; hydrogenase mimics; molecular dynamics ID PODAND DIPEPTIDE CHAINS; NICKEL-IRON HYDROGENASE; SOLID-PHASE SYNTHESIS; FE-ONLY HYDROGENASE; ACTIVE-SITE; NIFE HYDROGENASE; DESULFOVIBRIO-GIGAS; DFT CALCULATIONS; AMINO-ACIDS; CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS AB The increasing importance of hydrogenase enzymes in the new energy research field has led us to examine the structure and dynamics of potential hydrogenase mimics, based on a ferrocene-peptide scaffold, using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. To enable this MD study, a molecular mechanics force field for ferrocene-bearing peptides was developed and implemented in the CHARMM simulation package, thus extending the usefulness of the package into peptide-bioorganometallic chemistry. Using the automated frequency-matching method (AFMM), optimized intramolecular force-field parameters were generated through quantum chemical reference normal modes. The partial charges for ferrocene were derived by fitting point charges to quantum-chemically computed electrostatic potentials. The force field was tested against experimental X-ray crystal structures of dipeptide derivatives of ferrocene-1,1'-dicarboxylic acid. The calculations reproduce accurately the molecular geometries, including the characteristic C-2-symmetrical intramolecular hydrogenbonding pattern, that were stable over 0.1 mu s MD simulations. The crystal packing properties of ferrocene-l(D)alanine-(D)proline-1'-(D)alanine- (D)proline were also accurately reproduced. The lattice parameters of this crystal were conserved during a 0.1 mu s MD simulation and match the experimental values almost exactly. Simulations of the peptides in dichloromethane are also in good agreement with experimental NMR and circular dichroism (CD) data in solution. The developed force field was used to perform MD simulations on novel, as yet unsynthesized peptide fragments that surround the active site of [Ni-Fe] hydrogenase. The results of this simulation lead us to propose an improved design for synthetic peptide-based hydrogenase models. The presented MD simulation results of metallocenes thereby provide a convincing validation of our proposal to use ferrocene-peptides as minimal enzyme mimics. C1 Univ Bochum, Chair Inorgan Chem 1, Dept Chem & Biochem, D-44809 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, UMR 5248, IECB, F-33607 Pessac, France. Univ Heidelberg, IWR Comp Mol Biophys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Yale Univ, Dept Chem, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Ctr Biophys Mol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Metzler-Nolte, N (reprint author), Univ Bochum, Chair Inorgan Chem 1, Dept Chem & Biochem, Univ Str 150, D-44809 Bochum, Germany. EM Nils.Metzler-Nolte@rub.de RI smith, jeremy/B-7287-2012; Metzler-Nolte, Nils/H-7626-2014; OI smith, jeremy/0000-0002-2978-3227; Metzler-Nolte, Nils/0000-0001-8111-9959; Cournia, Zoe/0000-0001-9287-364X NR 93 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 24 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0947-6539 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PY 2007 VL 13 IS 29 BP 8139 EP 8152 DI 10.1002/chem.200700358 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 221US UT WOS:000250253400006 PM 17763506 ER PT J AU Poulsen, RD Jorgensen, MRV Overgaard, J Larsen, FK Morgenroth, WG Graber, T Chen, YS Iversen, BB AF Poulsen, Rasmus D. Jorgensen, Mads R. V. Overgaard, Jacob Larsen, Finn K. Morgenroth, Wolfgang Graber, Timothy Chen, Yu-Sheng Iversen, Bo B. TI Synchrotron X-ray charge-density study of coordination polymer [Mn(HCOO)(2)(H2O)(2)](infinity) SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE charge-density distribution; coordination polymers; magnetic properties; topological analysis; X-ray diffraction ID MANGANESE FORMATE DIHYDRATE; QUANTUM MOLECULAR SIMILARITY; METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; ELECTRON-DENSITY; MAGNETIC PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; LOW-TEMPERATURES; TRANSITION; MN(HCOO)2.2H2O AB Three high-quality single-crystal X-ray diffraction data sets have been measured under very different conditions on a structurally simple, but magnetically complex, coordination polymer, [Mn(HCOO)(2)(H2O)](infinity) ne first data set is a conventional 100(2) K Mo-Ka. data set, the second is a very high resolution 100(2) K data set measured on a second-generation synchrotron source, while the third data set was measured with a tiny crystal on a high brilliance third-generation synchrotron source at 16(2) K. Furthermore, the magnetic susceptibility Q) and the heat capacity (C-p) have been measured from 2 to 300 K on pressed powder. The charge density of 1 was determined from multipole modeling of the experimental structure factors, and overall there is good agreement between the densities obtained separately from the three data sets. When considering the fine density features, the two 100 K data sets agree well with each other, but show small differences to the 16 K data set. Comparison with ab initio theory suggests that the 16 K APS data set provides the most accurate density. Topological analysis of the metal-ligand bonding, experimental 3d orbital populations on the Mn atoms, and Bader atomic charges indicate quite ionic, high-spin metal atoms. This picture is supported by the effective moment estimated from the magnetization measurements (5.840(2) mu(B)), but it is at variance with earlier spin density measurements from polarized neutron diffraction. The magnetic ordering originates from superexchange involving covalent interactions with the ligands, and non-ionic effects are observed in the static deformation density maps as well as in plots of the valence shell charge concentrations. Overall, the present study provides a benchmark charge density that can be used in comparison with future metal formate dihydrate charge densities. C1 [Poulsen, Rasmus D.; Jorgensen, Mads R. V.; Overgaard, Jacob; Larsen, Finn K.; Morgenroth, Wolfgang; Iversen, Bo B.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Chem, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Graber, Timothy; Chen, Yu-Sheng] Univ Chicago, Adv Photon Source, ChemMatCARS Beam Line, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Iversen, BB (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Dept Chem, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM bo@chem.au.dk RI Overgaard, Jacob/C-3519-2008 NR 69 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 20 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0947-6539 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PY 2007 VL 13 IS 35 BP 9775 EP 9790 DI 10.1002/chem.200700756 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 244ZW UT WOS:000251905000004 PM 17992669 ER PT J AU Viamajala, S Peyton, BM Richards, LA Petersen, JN AF Viamajala, Sridhar Peyton, Brent M. Richards, Lee A. Petersen, James N. TI Solubilization, solution equilibria, and biodegradation of PAH's under thermophilic conditions SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE PAH; phenanthrene; thermophile; solubility; solubilization kinetics ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DILUTION ACTIVITY-COEFFICIENTS; HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; HENRYS LAW CONSTANT; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; BACILLUS-THERMOLEOVORANS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS; PETROLEUM RESERVOIRS; AQUEOUS SOLUBILITY AB Biodegradation rates of PAHs are typically low at mesophilic conditions and it is believed that the kinetics of degradation is controlled by PAH solubility and mass transfer rates. Solubility tests were performed on phenanthrene, fluorene and fluoranthene at 20 degrees C, 40 degrees C and 60 degrees C and, as expected, a significant increase in the equilibrium solubility concentration and of the rate of dissolution of these polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was observed with increasing temperature. A first-order model was used to describe the PAH dissolution kinetics and the thermodynamic property changes associated with the dissolution process (enthalpy, entropy and Gibb's free energy of solution) were evaluated. Further, other relevant thermodynamic properties for these PAHs, including the activity coefficients at infinite dilution, Henry's law constants and octanol-water partition coefficients, were calculated in the temperature range 20-60 degrees C. In parallel with the dissolution studies, three thermophilic Geobacilli were isolated from compost that grew on phenanthrene at 60 degrees C and degraded the PAH more rapidly than other reported mesophiles. Our results show that while solubilization rates of PAHs are significantly enhanced at elevated temperatures, the biodegradation of PAHs under thermophilic conditions is likely mass transfer limited due to enhanced degradation rates. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, NSF IGERT, Ctr Multiphase Environm Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Peyton, BM (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM bpeyton@coe.montana.edu RI Petersen, James/B-8924-2008; Peyton, Brent/G-5247-2015 OI Peyton, Brent/0000-0003-0033-0651 NR 51 TC 31 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN PY 2007 VL 66 IS 6 BP 1094 EP 1106 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.06.059 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 131IT UT WOS:000243863200014 PM 16934313 ER PT J AU Camarero, JA Kimura, RH Woo, YH Cantor, J Steenblock, E AF Camarero, Julio A. Kimura, Richard H. Woo, Youn-Hi Cantor, Jason Steenblock, Erin TI A cell-based approach for the biosynthesis/screening of cyclic peptide libraries against bacterial toxins SO CHIMICA OGGI-CHEMISTRY TODAY LA English DT Article ID ANTHRAX LETHAL FACTOR; EXPRESSED PROTEIN LIGATION; CYCLOTIDE KALATA B1; DRUG DESIGN; MACROCYCLIC PEPTIDES; FLUORESCENT PROTEINS; CHEMICAL LIGATION; EUKARYOTIC CELLS; CYSTINE KNOT; RECEPTOR AB The currently available methods for developing and screening small drug-like molecules able to knockout toxins or pathogeic microorganisms have some limitations. In order to be useful, these new methods must provide high-throughput analysis and identify specific binders in a short period a time. To meet this need, we are developing an approach that uses living cells to generate libraries of small biomolecules, which are then screened inside the cell for activity. Our group is using this new, combined approach to find hiphly specific ligands capable of disabling anthrax Lethal Factor (LF) as proof of principle. Key to our approach is the development of a method for the biosynthesis of libraries of cyclic peptides, and an efficient screening process that con be carried out inside the cell. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Camarero, JA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-231, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Camarero, Julio/A-9628-2015 NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEKNOSCIENZE PUBL PI MILAN PA VIA AURELIO SAFFI 23, 20123 MILAN, ITALY SN 0392-839X J9 CHIM OGGI JI Chim. Oggi-Chem. Today PY 2007 VL 25 IS 3 SU S BP 20 EP 23 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry GA 201VY UT WOS:000248861900006 ER PT J AU Islam-Faridi, N Gunter, L DiFazio, S Tuskan, G Nelson, C AF Islam-Faridi, Nurul Gunter, L. DiFazio, S. Tuskan, G. Nelson, C. TI Cytogenetic localization of ribosomal DNAs in poplar using linkage group specific BACs SO CHROMOSOME RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th International Chromosome Conference (ICC 16) CY AUG 25-29, 2007 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, College Stn, TX USA. Texas A&M Univ, So Inst Forest Genet, College Stn, TX USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Biol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS USA. RI Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011; Gunter, Lee/L-3480-2016 OI Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289; Gunter, Lee/0000-0003-1211-7532 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0967-3849 J9 CHROMOSOME RES JI Chromosome Res. PY 2007 VL 15 SU 2 BP 17 EP 18 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 204BP UT WOS:000249018100046 ER PT J AU Kohwi-Shigematsu, T Cai, ST AF Kohwi-Shigematsu, Terurni Cai, Shutao TI Large-scale chromosomal interactions for gene regulation by SATB1 SO CHROMOSOME RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th International Chromosome Conference (ICC 16) CY AUG 25-29, 2007 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0967-3849 J9 CHROMOSOME RES JI Chromosome Res. PY 2007 VL 15 SU 2 BP 96 EP 97 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 204BP UT WOS:000249018100234 ER PT B AU Julien, JP Ortega, P Marchi, F AF Julien, Jean-Pierre Ortega, Pascal Marchi, Florence BE Savoie, M Aguilar, J Chu, HW Zinn, CD Mura, G Andina, D TI Simulation of charged nanocrystals : application to Atomic Force Microscopy SO CITSA 2007/CCCT 2007: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES, SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS : INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTING, COMMUNICATIONS AND CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, VOL III, POST-CONFERENCE ISSUE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Cybernetics and Information Technologies, Systems and Applications/5th Int Conf on Computing, Communications and Control Technologies CY JUL 12-15, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System DE nano-crystals memory devices; Atomic Force Miscroscopy; numerical simulation AB The actual developpement of nanotechnologies needs characterisation tools at the nanometer scale which have to be easily interpreted. This requires theoretical models that enable qualitative and even quantitative description of the physical situation. Here, we propose a model for computing the electrical potential, field and finally force that a tip in an AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) in the EFM mode ('Electric Force Mode'), experiences. We applied it to simulate charged nano-crystals, known to be good candidates for making nonvolatile memory devices. As a result, we predict a possible repulsive force regime, for a low range of charges (of the order of some tens of elementary charge). This new regime has never been conjectured up to now, as earlier crude models were not able to describe the situation with a proper account of the geometry of the tip and the charge nano-crystal. Beside fine simulations results we also give an analytical demonstration confirming the possibility of such a regime. C1 [Julien, Jean-Pierre] LANL Los Alamos, Theoret Div T11, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Julien, JP (reprint author), LANL Los Alamos, Theoret Div T11, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-1-934272-24-4 PY 2007 BP 34 EP 39 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education & Educational Research; Information Science & Library Science; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research; Information Science & Library Science; Telecommunications GA BHL79 UT WOS:000254154400008 ER PT J AU Wilbanks, TJ AF Wilbanks, Thomas J. TI Scale and sustainability SO CLIMATE POLICY LA English DT Article DE adaptation; bottom-up; cross-scale; governance; multi-scale; scale; sustainability actions; sustainable development; top-down ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; ADAPTATION; MITIGATION; CAPACITY; ISSUES AB Geographical scale is a factor in interactions between climate change and sustainable development, because of varying spatial dynamics of key processes and because of varying scales at which decision-making is focused. In a world where the meaning of 'global' and 'local' is being reshaped by technological and social change, a challenge to sustainable development is realizing the impressive, but often elusive, potentials for climate-change-related actions at different scales to be complementary and reinforcing. Climate change adaptation is suggested as an example. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wilbanks, TJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wilbankstj@ornl.gov NR 40 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1469-3062 J9 CLIM POLICY JI Clim. Policy PY 2007 VL 7 IS 4 BP 278 EP 287 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; Public Administration SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration GA 257AE UT WOS:000252770200002 ER PT J AU Richels, RG Rutherford, TF Blanford, GJ Clarke, L AF Richels, Richard G. Rutherford, Thomas F. Blanford, Geoffrey J. Clarke, Leon TI Managing the transition to climate stabilization SO CLIMATE POLICY LA English DT Article DE climate change; economic efficiency; energy policy analysis; research and development; technology assessment ID COSTS AB It is becoming increasingly clear that economically efficient climate policies are unlikely to be implemented in the near term. Therefore an analysis is warranted that considers the implications of certain suboptimal transition policies. This analysis constructs a transition scenario-based on realistic assumptions about the current trends in policy-making. The transition is examined in the context of varying assumptions about the stringency of the target and the availability of low- or no-carbon energy technologies in the future. In addition to evaluating the effects of suboptimal policies, the transitional analysis offers new insights about the intrinsic uncertainty regarding both the appropriate stabilization target and technology. C1 [Richels, Richard G.] Elect Power Res Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Rutherford, Thomas F.] ETH Zentrum, Dept Management Technol & Econ, Fed Inst Technol, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland. [Clarke, Leon] Joint Global Change Res Inst, Pacific NW Natl Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Richels, RG (reprint author), Elect Power Res Inst, 2000 L St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM rrichels@epri.com NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU JAMES & JAMES SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD/EARTHSCAN PI LONDON PA 8-12 CAMDEN HIGH STREET, NW1 0JH LONDON, ENGLAND SN 1469-3062 J9 CLIM POLICY JI Clim. Policy PY 2007 VL 7 IS 5 BP 409 EP 428 PG 20 WC Environmental Studies; Public Administration SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration GA 275MF UT WOS:000254075600003 ER PT J AU McCarl, BA Metting, FB Rice, C AF McCarl, Bruce A. Metting, F. Blaine Rice, Charles TI Soil carbon sequestration SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP McCarl, BA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mccarl@tamu.edu; blaine.metting@pnl.gov; cwrice@ksu.edu RI McCarl, Bruce/E-9445-2011 NR 0 TC 12 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JAN PY 2007 VL 80 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1007/s10584-006-9174-7 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 126ZW UT WOS:000243555300001 ER PT J AU Jastrow, JD Amonette, JE Bailey, VL AF Jastrow, Julie D. Amonette, James E. Bailey, Vanessa L. TI Mechanisms controlling soil carbon turnover and their potential application for enhancing carbon sequestration SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Review ID ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS; ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; NO-TILLAGE; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; BACTERIAL-POPULATIONS; SIZE FRACTIONS; BIRCH LITTER; CELL-WALL; DECOMPOSITION AB In addition to increasing plant C inputs, strategies for enhancing soil C sequestration include reducing C turnover and increasing its residence time in soils. Two major mechanisms, (bio)chemical alteration and physicochemical protection, stabilize soil organic C (SOC) and thereby control its turnover. With (bio)chemical alteration, SOC is transformed by biotic and abiotic processes to chemical forms that are more resistant to decomposition and, in some cases, more easily retained by sorption to soil solids. With physicochemical protection, biochemical attack of SOC is inhibited by organomineral interactions at molecular to millimeter scales. Stabilization of otherwise decomposable SOC can occur via sorption to mineral and organic soil surfaces, occlusion within aggregates, and deposition in pores or other locations inaccessible to decomposers and extracellular enzymes. Soil structure is a master integrating variable that both controls and indicates the SOC stabilization status of a soil. One potential option for reducing SOC turnover and enhancing sequestration, is to modify the soil physicochemical environment to favor the activities of fungi. Specific practices that could accomplish this include manipulating the quality of plant C inputs, planting perennial species, minimizing tillage and other disturbances, maintaining a near-neutral soil pH and adequate amounts of exchangeable base cations (particularly calcium), ensuring adequate drainage, and minimizing erosion. In some soils, amendment with micro- and mesoporous sorbents that have a high specific surface - such as fly ash or charcoal - can be beneficial. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Jastrow, JD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jdjastrow@anl.gov; jim.amonette@pnl.gov; vanessa.bailey@pnl.gov RI daorui, han/G-3767-2011; OI Bailey, Vanessa/0000-0002-2248-8890 NR 113 TC 202 Z9 219 U1 28 U2 213 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JAN PY 2007 VL 80 IS 1-2 BP 5 EP 23 DI 10.1007/s10584-006-9178-3 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 126ZW UT WOS:000243555300002 ER PT J AU West, TO Six, J AF West, Tristram O. Six, Johan TI Considering the influence of sequestration duration and carbon saturation on estimates of soil carbon capacity SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; ORGANIC-CARBON; LONG-TERM; CROP ROTATIONS; TILLAGE MANAGEMENT; BLACK CHERNOZEM; EUROPEAN SOILS; MATTER; GRASSLAND; SEDIMENTS AB Rates of soil C sequestration have previously been estimated for a number of different land management activities, and these estimates continue to improve as more data become available. The time over which active sequestration occurs may be referred to as the sequestration duration. Integrating soil C sequestration rates with durations provides estimates of potential change in soil C capacity and more accurate estimates of the potential to sequester C. In agronomic systems, changing from conventional plow tillage to no-till can increase soil C by an estimated 16 +/- 3%, whereas increasing rotation intensity can increase soil C by an estimated 6 +/- 3%. The increase in soil C following a change in rotation intensity, however, may occur over a slightly longer period (26 yr) than that for tillage cessation (21 yr). Sequestration strategies for grasslands have, on average, longer sequestration durations (33 yr) than for croplands. Estimates for sequestration rates and durations are mean values and can differ greatly between individual sites and management practices. As the annual sequestration rate declines over the sequestration duration period, soil C approaches a new steady state. Sequestration duration is synonymous with the time to which soil C steady state is reached. However, soils could potentially sequester additional C following additional changes in management until the maximum soil C capacity, or soil C saturation, is achieved. Carbon saturation of the soil mineral fraction is not well understood, nor is it readily evident. We provide evidence of soil C saturation and we discuss how the steady state C level and the level of soil C saturation together influence the rate and duration of C sequestration associated with changes in land management. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP West, TO (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM westto@ornl.gov RI West, Tristram/C-5699-2013; six, johan/J-5228-2015 OI West, Tristram/0000-0001-7859-0125; NR 51 TC 99 Z9 129 U1 8 U2 78 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JAN PY 2007 VL 80 IS 1-2 BP 25 EP 41 DI 10.1007/s10584-006-9173-8 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 126ZW UT WOS:000243555300003 ER PT J AU Izaurralde, RC Williams, JR Post, WM Thomson, AM McGill, WB Owens, LB Lal, R AF Izaurralde, R. C. Williams, J. R. Post, W. M. Thomson, A. M. McGill, W. B. Owens, L. B. Lal, R. TI Long-term modeling of soil C erosion and sequestration at the small watershed scale SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-CARBON SEQUESTRATION; GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; SOUTHERN ALBERTA; MATTER DYNAMICS; CROP-ROTATION; EPIC MODEL; YIELD; WHEAT; DEPOSITION AB The soil C balance is determined by the difference between inputs (e.g., plant litter, organic amendments, depositional C) and outputs (e.g., soil respiration, dissolved organic C leaching, and eroded C). There is a need to improve our understanding of whether soil erosion is a sink or a source of atmospheric CO(2). The objective of this paper is to discover the long-term influence of soil erosion on the C cycle of managed watersheds near Coshocton, OH. We hypothesize that the amount of eroded C that is deposited in or out of a watershed compares in magnitude to the soil C changes induced via microbial respiration. We applied the erosion productivity impact calculator (EPIC) model to evaluate the role of erosion-deposition processes on the C balance of three small watersheds (similar to 1 ha). Experimental records from the USDA North Appalachian Experimental Watershed facility north of Coshocton, OH were used in the study. Soils are predominantly silt loam and have developed from loess-like deposits over residual bedrock. Management practices in the three watersheds have changed over time. Currently, watershed 118 (W118) is under a corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) no till rotation, W128 is under conventional till continuous corn, and W188 is under no till continuous corn. Simulations of a comprehensive set of ecosystem processes including plant growth, runoff, and water erosion were used to quantify sediment C yields. A simulated sediment C yield of 43 +/- 22 kg C ha(-1) year(-1) compared favorably against the observed 31 +/- 12 kg C ha(-1) year(-1) in W118. EPIC overestimated the soil C stock in the top 30-cm soil depth in W118 by 21% of the measured value (36.8 Mg C ha(-1)). Simulations of soil C stocks in the other two watersheds (42.3 Mg C ha(-1) in W128 and 50.4 Mg C ha(-1) in W188) were off by < 1 Mg C ha(-1). Simulated eroded C re-deposited inside (30-212 kg C ha(-1)year(-1)) or outside (73-179 kg C ha(-1) year(-1)) watershed boundaries compared in magnitude to a simulated soil C sequestration rate of 225 kg C ha(-1) year(-1) and to literature values. An analysis of net ecosystem carbon balance revealed that the watershed currently under a plow till system (W128) was a source of C to the atmosphere while the watersheds currently under a no till system (W118 and W188) behaved as C sinks of atmospheric CO(2). Our results demonstrate a clear need for documenting and modeling the proportion of eroded soil C that is transported outside watershed boundaries and the proportion that evolves as CO(2) to the atmosphere. C1 Joint Global Change Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Blackland Res Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ No British Columbia, Coll Sci & Management, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada. USDA, ARS, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources Food Agr & Environm Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Izaurralde, RC (reprint author), Joint Global Change Inst, 8400 Baltimore Ave,Suite 201, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Cesar.Izaurralde@pnl.gov RI Thomson, Allison/B-1254-2010; Post, Wilfred/B-8959-2012; Izaurralde, Roberto/E-5826-2012; Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013 NR 51 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JAN PY 2007 VL 80 IS 1-2 BP 73 EP 90 DI 10.1007/s10584-006-9167-6 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 126ZW UT WOS:000243555300006 ER PT J AU McCarl, BA Sands, RD AF McCarl, Bruce A. Sands, Ronald D. TI Competitiveness of terrestrial greenhouse gas offsets: are they a bridge to the future? SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CARBON AB Activities to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions by biological soil or forest carbon sequestration predominantly utilize currently known, readily implementable technologies. Many other greenhouse gas emission reduction options require future technological development or must wait for turnover of capital stock. Carbon sequestration options in soils and forests, while ready to go now, generally have a finite life, allowing use until other strategies are developed. This paper reports on an investigation of the competitiveness of biological carbon sequestration from a dynamic and multiple strategy viewpoint. Key factors affecting the competitiveness of terrestrial mitigation options are land availability and cost effectiveness relative to other options including CO2 capture and storage, energy efficiency improvements, fuel switching, and non-CO2 greenhouse gas emission reductions. The analysis results show that, at lower CO2 prices and in the near term, soil carbon and other agricultural/forestry options can be important bridges to the future, initially providing a substantial portion of attainable reductions in net greenhouse gas emissions, but with a limited role in later years. At higher CO2 prices, afforestation and biofuels are more dominant among terrestrial options to offset greenhouse gas emissions. But in the longer run, allowing for capital stock turnover, options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the energy system and biofuels provide an increasing share of potential reductions in total US greenhouse gas emissions. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP McCarl, BA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, 8400 Baltimore Ave,Suite 201, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Ronald.Sands@pnl.gov RI McCarl, Bruce/E-9445-2011; El Husny, Chafic/G-5410-2012 NR 31 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JAN PY 2007 VL 80 IS 1-2 BP 109 EP 126 DI 10.1007/s10584-006-9168-5 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 126ZW UT WOS:000243555300008 ER PT J AU Green, JE Costes, SV Cho, EH Kamaraju, AK Hoenorhoff, M Lockett, S Kleinman, H Chambers, AF Barkan, D AF Green, Jeffrey E. Costes, Sylvain V. Cho, Edward H. Kamaraju, Anil K. Hoenorhoff, Mark Lockett, Stephen Kleinman, Hynda Chambers, Ann F. Barkan, Dalit TI Extracellular matrix: a gatekeeper in the transition from dormancy to metastasis SO CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL METASTASIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI, Lab Cell Regulat & Carcinogenesis, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Canc Biol Dept, Berkeley, CA USA. NCI, SAIC, Image Anal Lab, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. Natl Inst Dental & Craniofacial Res, Craniofacial Dev Biol & Regenerat BRanch, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. London Reg Canc Program, London, ON, Canada. RI Costes, Sylvain/D-2522-2013; Chambers, Ann/L-6285-2015; Cho, Edward/B-3727-2012 OI Costes, Sylvain/0000-0002-8542-2389; Chambers, Ann/0000-0002-9509-5123; Cho, Edward/0000-0002-0278-334X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0262-0898 J9 CLIN EXP METASTAS JI Clin. Exp. Metastasis PY 2007 VL 24 IS 4 BP 264 EP 265 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 199HQ UT WOS:000248687200102 ER PT B AU Mane, KK Borner, K AF Mane, Ketan K. Boerner, Katy BE Andrienko, G Roberts, JC Weaver, C TI Computational diagnostics: A novel approach to viewing medical data SO CMV 2007: FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COORDINATED & MULTIPLE VIEWS IN EXPLORATORY VISUALIZATION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Coordinated and Multiple Views in Exploratory Visualization 2007 CY JUL 02, 2007 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND DE information visualization; computational diagnosis; electronic health record system AB A transition from traditional paper-based medical records to electronic health records is underway. The resulting massive amounts of electronic patient records offer tremendous potential to personalize patient diagnosis and treatment. In this paper, we discuss a computational diagnostics tool that uses digital medical records to help physicians gain better insight about a patient's medical condition. The paper details different interactive features of the tool and discusses the tool's potential in the practice of evidence-based medicine and for advancing patient diagnosis practices. C1 [Mane, Ketan K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Res Lib, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Boerner, Katy] Indiana Univ, Sch Lib & Informat Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Mane, KK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Res Lib, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kmane@lanl.gov; katy@indiana.edu FU National Science Foundation [DUE-0333623]; 21st Century for the Center of Excellence for Computational Diagnostics FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under DUE-0333623 and a 21st Century Grant for the Center of Excellence for Computational Diagnostics. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2903-5 PY 2007 BP 27 EP + DI 10.1109/CMV.2007.3 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGL14 UT WOS:000248116200003 ER PT B AU Erbacher, RF Frincke, DA AF Erbacher, Robert F. Frincke, Deborah A. BE Andrienko, G Roberts, JC Weaver, C TI Hierarchical linked views SO CMV 2007: FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COORDINATED & MULTIPLE VIEWS IN EXPLORATORY VISUALIZATION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Coordinated and Multiple Views in Exploratory Visualization 2007 CY JUL 02, 2007 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND DE visualization; perception; interaction; coordinated views; hierarchical model; intrusion detection AB Coordinated views have proven critical to the development of effective visualization environments. This results from the fact that a single view or representation of the data cannot show all of the intricacies of a given data set. Additionally, users will often need to correlate more data parameters than can effectively be integrated into a single visual display. Typically, development of multiple-linked views results in an adhoc configuration of views and associated interactions. The hierarchical model we are proposing is geared towards more effective organization of such environments and the views they encompass. At the same time, this model can effectively integrate much of the prior work on interactive and visualframeworks. Additionally, we expand the concept of views to incorporate perceptual views. This is related to the fact that visual displays can have information encoded at various levels of focus. Thus, a global view of the display provides overall trends of the data while focusing in on individual elements provides detailed specifics. By integrating interaction and perception into a single model, we show how one impacts the other. Typically, interaction and perception are considered separately, however, when interaction is being considered at a fundamental level and allowed to direct/modify the visualization directly we must consider them simultaneously and how they impact one another. C1 [Erbacher, Robert F.] Utah State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, UMC 4205, Logan, UT 84321 USA. [Frincke, Deborah A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Erbacher, RF (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, UMC 4205, Logan, UT 84321 USA. EM Robert.Erbacher@usu.edu; Deborah.Frincke@pnl.gov RI Andrienko, Gennady/B-6486-2014 OI Andrienko, Gennady/0000-0002-8574-6295 NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2903-5 PY 2007 BP 35 EP + DI 10.1109/CMV.2007.10 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGL14 UT WOS:000248116200004 ER PT S AU Liu, CY Mao, XL Greif, R Russo, RE AF Liu, C. Y. Mao, X. L. Greif, R. Russo, R. E. BE Hess, WP Herman, PR Bauerle, D Koinuma, H TI Time resolved shadowgraph images of silicon during laser ablation: Shockwaves and particle generation SO COLA'05: 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LASER ABLATION SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Laser Ablation CY SEP 11-16, 2005 CL Banff, CANADA AB Time resolved shadowgraph images were recorded of shockwaves and particle ejection from silicon during laser ablation. Particle ejection and expansion were correlated to an internal shockwave resonating between the shockwave front and the target surface. The number of particles ablated increased with laser energy and was related to the crater volume. C1 [Liu, C. Y.; Mao, X. L.; Greif, R.; Russo, R. E.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Russo, RE (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rerusso@lbl.gov FU US Department of Energy; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences; Office of Nonproliferation and National Security [NA22]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, and the Office of Nonproliferation and National Security (NA22) supported this research at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 59 BP 338 EP + DI 10.1088/1742-6596/59/1/071 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BGP13 UT WOS:000249266200071 ER PT S AU Wen, SB Mao, XL Liu, CY Greif, R Russo, R AF Wen, Sy-Bor Mao, Xianglei Liu, Chunyi Greif, Ralph Russo, Richard BE Hess, WP Herman, PR Bauerle, D Koinuma, H TI Expansion and radiative cooling of the laser induced plasma SO COLA'05: 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LASER ABLATION SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Laser Ablation CY SEP 11-16, 2005 CL Banff, CANADA AB To study the expansion and cooling process of the laser induced plasma generated by nanosecond pulsed laser ablation, experiments have been conducted which measure the position of the external shockwaves and the temperature of the vapor plumes. The positions of external shockwaves were determined by a femtosecond laser time-resolved imaging system. Vapor plume temperature was determined from spectroscopic measurements of the plasma emission lines. A model which considers the mass, momentum, and energy conservation of the region affected by the laser energy was developed. It shows good agreement to the experimental data. C1 [Wen, Sy-Bor; Mao, Xianglei; Liu, Chunyi; Greif, Ralph; Russo, Richard] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wen, SB (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rerusso@lbl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 59 BP 343 EP + DI 10.1088/1742-6596/59/1/072 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BGP13 UT WOS:000249266200072 ER PT S AU Holt, JK Nelson, EJ Klunder, GL AF Holt, J. K. Nelson, E. J. Klunder, G. L. BE Hess, WP Herman, PR Bauerle, D Koinuma, H TI Direct laser ablation and ionization of solids for chemical analysis by mass spectrometry SO COLA'05: 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LASER ABLATION SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Laser Ablation CY SEP 11-16, 2005 CL Banff, CANADA ID SAMPLES AB A laser ablation/ionization mass spectrometer system is described for the direct chemical analysis of solids. An Nd:YAG laser is used for ablation and ionization of the sample in a quadrupole ion trap operated in an ion-storage (IS) mode that is coupled with a reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS). Single pulse experiments have demonstrated simultaneous detection of up to 14 elements present in glasses in the ppm range. However, detection of the components has produced non-stoichiometric results due to difference in ionization potentials and fractionation effects. Time-of-flight secondary ionization mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) was used to spatially map elemental species on the surface and provide further evidence of fractionation effects. Resolution (m/Delta m) of 1500 and detection limits of approximately 10 pg have been achieved with a single laser pulse. The system configuration and related operating principles for accurately measuring low concentrations of isotopes are described. C1 [Holt, J. K.; Nelson, E. J.; Klunder, G. L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Forens Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Klunder, GL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Forens Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM klunderl@llnl.gov FU Department of Energy; Office of Nonproliferation and National Security [NA22]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-ENG-48] FX The work was supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Nonproliferation and National Security, NA22, through the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; contract number W-7405-ENG-48. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 59 BP 657 EP + DI 10.1088/1742-6596/59/1/138 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BGP13 UT WOS:000249266200138 ER PT J AU Smith, MF AF Smith, M. F. BE Champagne, VK TI Comparing cold spray with thermal spray coating technologies SO COLD SPRAY MATERIALS DEPOSITION PROCESS: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS SE Woodhead Publishing in Materials LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Smith, MF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1515 Eubank Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM mfsmith@sandia.gov NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84569-378-7 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL MATER PY 2007 BP 43 EP 61 DI 10.1533/9781845693787.1.43 D2 10.1533/9781845693787 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BST78 UT WOS:000285759600004 ER PT J AU Vajda, S Wiederrecht, GP Bouhelier, A Tikhonov, GY Tomczyk, N Lee, B Seifert, S Winans, RE AF Vajda, Stefan Wiederrecht, Gary P. Bouhelier, Alexandre Tikhonov, George Y. Tomczyk, Nancy Lee, Byeongdu Seifert, Soenke Winans, Randall E. TI Optical properties of gold nanoparticles produced by the assembly of size-selected clusters: Covering the full visible wavelength range in the smallest particle size regime SO COLLECTION OF CZECHOSLOVAK CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE gold nanoparticles; gold clusters; dark-field microscopy; GISAXS; synchrotron X-ray scattering; UV-VIS spectroscopy; size-selected cluster deposition ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; ABSORPTION; DEPENDENCE; ARRAYS AB The tunability of the optical properties of small gold nanoparticles assembled from size-selected Au6-10 clusters on the surface of indium-tin-oxide glass support was studied as a function of gold particle size and shape using UV-VIS and dark-field microscopy techniques. The size and shape of gold nanoparticles was determined by employing synchrotron X-ray scattering. The obtained spectra show that a 350 nm wavelength range is accessible by proper tuning the size and shape of the studied nanoparticles with 1-2.5 nm main size and asymmetric vs symmetric form. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Vajda, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM vajda@anl.gov; wiederrecht@anl.gov; alexandre.bouhelier@u-bourgogne.fr; tikhonov@email.arizona.edu; tomczyk@anl.gov; blee@anl.gov; seifert@anl.gov; rewinans@anl.gov RI Bouhelier, Alexandre/A-1960-2010; OI Lee, Byeongdu/0000-0003-2514-8805 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU INST ORGANIC CHEM AND BIOCHEM PI PRAGUE 6 PA ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC, FLEMINGOVO NAM 2, PRAGUE 6 166 10, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0010-0765 J9 COLLECT CZECH CHEM C JI Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. PY 2007 VL 72 IS 1 BP 121 EP 128 DI 10.1135/cccc20070121 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 144ZA UT WOS:000244833900007 ER PT S AU Greenberg, MR Smolyakov, GA Boyle, TJ Osinski, M AF Greenberg, Mellsa R. Smolyakov, Gennady A. Boyle, Timothy J. Osinski, Marek BE Osinski, M Jovin, TM Yamamoto, K TI Synthesis and characterization of ZnO and ZnO/ZnS colloidal nanocrystals - art. no. 644806 SO Colloidal Quantum Dots for Biomedical Applications II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Colloidal Quantum Dots for Biomedical Applications II CY JAN 20-23, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE nanocrystal; ZnO; ZnO/ZnS; colloidal synthesis ID SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS; ZINC-OXIDE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; INDIUM ARSENIDE; CADMIUM COMPOUNDS; DOPED ZNO; IN-VITRO; TOXICITY; RATS; CYTOTOXICITY AB We report on colloidal synthesis of ZnO and novel ZnO/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals (NCs) from zinc alkoxy alkyl precursors in the MeIm/H2O coordinating solvent. The results of NC structural and optical characterization are presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Osinski, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, 1001 Univ Blvd,SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6561-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6448 BP 44806 EP 44806 AR 644806 DI 10.1117/12.717630 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BGF77 UT WOS:000246495800002 ER PT J AU Wang, GH Karpetis, AN Barlow, RS AF Wang, Guanghua Karpetis, Adonios N. Barlow, Robert S. TI Dissipation length scales in turbulent nonpremixed jet flames SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE turbulent flames; scalar dissipation; dissipation length scales; Raman scattering; Rayleigh scattering ID RAMAN-SCATTERING MEASUREMENTS; DIFFUSION FLAME; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; MIXTURE FRACTION; TEMPERATURE; COMBUSTION; DERIVATIVES; HYDROGEN; METHANE; NOISE AB Line imaging of Raman/Rayleigh/CO-LIF is used to investigate the energy and dissipation spectra of turbulent fluctuations in temperature and mixture fraction in several flames, including CH4/H-2/N-2 jet flames at Reynolds numbers of 15,200 and 22,800 (DLR-A and DLR-B) and piloted CH4/air jet flames at Reynolds numbers of 13,400, 22,400, and 33,600 (Sandia flames C, D, and E). The high signal-to-noise ratio of the 1D Rayleigh scattering images enables determination of the turbulent cutoff wavenumber from 1D dissipation spectra. The local length scale inferred from this cutoff is analogous to the Batchelor scale in nonreacting flows. The measured thermal dissipation spectra in the turbulent flames are shown to be similar to the model spectrum of Pope for turbulent kinetic energy dissipation. Furthermore, for flames with Lewis number near unity, the 1D dissipation spectra for temperature and mixture fraction are shown to follow nearly the same rolloff in the high-wavenurnber range, such that the cutoff length scale for thermal dissipation is equal to or slightly smaller than the cutoff length scale for mixture fraction dissipation. Measurements from the piloted CH4/air flames are used to demonstrate that a surrogate cut off scale may be obtained from the dissipation spectrum of the inverse of the Rayleigh signal itself, even when the Rayleigh scattering cross section varies through the flame. This suggests that the cutoff length scale determined from Rayleigh scattering measurements may be used to define the local resolution requirements and optimal data processing procedures for accurate determination of the mean mixture fraction dissipation, based upon Raman scattering measurements or other multiscalar imaging techniques. (c) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerops Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Barlow, RS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM barlow@ca.sandia.gov OI Wang, Guanghua/0000-0002-6313-663X NR 43 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JAN PY 2007 VL 148 IS 1-2 BP 62 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2006.09.005 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 123XT UT WOS:000243331100004 ER PT J AU Williams, TC Shaddix, CR AF Williams, Timothy C. Shaddix, Christopher R. TI Contamination of carbon monoxide with metal carbonyls: Implications for combustion research SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon monoxide; deposit; extinction; flame; ignition; inhibition; iron; metal; nickel; soot; syngas ID IRON PENTACARBONYL; FLAMES; SOOT; INHIBITION AB In a study on syngas combustion in a swirl-stabilized combustor, red deposits quickly formed on the quartz combustor walls, preventing laser diagnostic measurements. Analysis of the deposit showed that is was composed of iron and nickel. A literature review revealed that typical pressurized cylinders of CO, even at the highest CO purity level, contain up to 100 ppm(v) of iron pentacarbonyl and somewhat smaller levels of nickel tetracarbonyl. Only semiconductor grade CO stored in aluminum cylinders has sub-ppm levels of carbonyls. The demonstrated strong flame inhibition effect of carbonyls suggests that the use of CO from steel cylinders in combustion experiments may affect studies of flame ignition or extinction, in addition to the effect of particle formation and deposition observed here. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Shaddix, CR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM crshadd@sandia.gov NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 179 IS 6 BP 1225 EP 1230 DI 10.1080/00102200601057279 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 171FB UT WOS:000246719200009 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, KK Krishnan, SR Qi, Y Midkiff, KC Yang, H AF Srinivasan, K. K. Krishnan, S. R. Qi, Y. Midkiff, K. C. Yang, H. TI Analysis of diesel pilot-ignited natural gas low-temperature combustion with hot exhaust gas recirculation SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cyclic variations; dual fuel; EGR; low temperature combustion; natural gas ID CONTROLLABLE EGR; HCCI COMBUSTION; EMISSIONS; METHANE; ENGINES; OXIDATION AB Earlier efforts demonstrated the low NOx(< 0.2 g/kWh) and high efficiency (> 40%) benefits of the low temperature, advanced low pilot injection natural gas ( ALPING) combustion concept that utilized advanced injection (about 60 degrees BTDC) of small diesel pilots (2-3% on an energy basis) to compression-ignite a premixed natural gas-air mixture. At these injection timings, combustion was accompanied by increased unburned hydrocarbons (HC) ( mostly methane) and variations in torque fluctuations. In this article, hot exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is proposed as a potential strategy to reduce HC emissions and torque fluctuations at low ( quarter and half) loads. It is shown that the addition of hot EGR leads to a combination of one or more of the following effects on the intake mixture entering the cylinder: oxygen depletion, increased temperatures due to mixing with exhaust gases, dilution due to introduction of high specific heat species, and active recycling of unburned hydrocarbons to effect reburn in subsequent cycles. In particular, hot EGR addition extends the ALPING operation regime from 50 degrees-60 degrees BTDC to 60 degrees-70 degrees BTDC, increases low-load efficiencies by more than 5 percentage points, substantially improves combustion stability, and drastically reduces HC emissions ( by more than 70%) with little associated penalty in NOx emissions. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Mech Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Starkville, MS USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL USA. Caterpillar Inc, Peoria, IL 61629 USA. RP Midkiff, KC (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Mech Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM cmidkiff@eng.ua.edu OI Krishnan, Sundar Rajan/0000-0003-1882-8829 NR 39 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 179 IS 9 BP 1737 EP 1776 DI 10.1080/00102200701259882 PG 40 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 195YY UT WOS:000248449600001 ER PT J AU Sankaran, R Im, HG Hewson, JC AF Sankaran, Ramanan Im, Hong G. Hewson, John C. TI Analytical model for auto-ignition in a thermally stratified HCCI engine SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE asymptotic analysis; HCCI; ignition; ignition delay and control; inhomogeneity; stratified charge ID COMBUSTION; EXPLOSION AB The characteristics of auto-ignition in HCCI engines in the presence of charge stratification is studied theoretically using activation energy asymptotics. The analysis accounts for the effects of pressure rise due to piston motion and heat release, and the consequent compression-heating of the charge. The chemical kinetics are approximated using a single reaction step with a large activation energy and the compression-heating effects are accounted for through an entropy variable. The resultant model is simple and suitable for extensive parametric studies of HCCI engine combustion. Some preliminary results on the effects of mixture and composition stratification on the duration of burning are presented using a presumed Gaussian PDF for the initial temperature distribution. The effects of mixture stratification on the feasible operating conditions is demonstrated using simple criteria to delineate the knocking and incomplete end-gas combustion regimes. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sankaran, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM sankaranr@ornl.gov RI Im, Hong/J-4317-2012; Sankaran, Ramanan/D-9254-2015 OI Sankaran, Ramanan/0000-0002-5352-9915 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 179 IS 9 BP 1963 EP 1989 DI 10.1080/00102200701386073 PG 27 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 195YY UT WOS:000248449600010 ER PT J AU Singh, S Reitz, RD Musculus, MPB Lachaux, T AF Singh, Satbir Reitz, Rolf D. Musculus, Mark P. B. Lachaux, Thierry TI Simultaneous optical diagnostic imaging of low-temperature, double-injection combustion in a heavy-duty DI diesel engine SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE laser diagnostics; low temperature combustion; LTC; OH-PLIF; soot LII; UNIBUS ID SYSTEMS AB A highly diluted, low-flame-temperature diesel engine combustion strategy with two separate fuel-injections per cycle was investigated using simultaneous optical diagnostics at a low-load operating condition. In-cylinder processes were visualized with a suite of laser/imaging diagnostics. The cool flame first-stage ignition reactions occur along the entire length of the jet for the first combustion event. For both injections, the second-stage ignition reactions occur after the end of injection, primarily in the downstream regions of the jet. OH is found throughout the cross-section of the jet, indicating greater mixing and leaner mixtures than observed for conventional diesel combustion. For the first combustion event, very little soot is formed and it is found in small pockets near the tip of the jet. For the second combustion event, much more soot is formed throughout the downstream jet cross-section. Finally, Sandia's conceptual model of diesel combustion has been extended to describe this operating condition. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Powertrain Syst Res Lab, Warren, MI USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Engn Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Musculus, MPB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM mpmuscu@sandia.gov NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 179 IS 11 BP 2381 EP 2414 DI 10.1080/00102200701484530 PG 34 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 214SH UT WOS:000249757900006 ER PT J AU Jensen, KA Suo-Anttila, JM Blevins, LG AF Jensen, Kirk A. Suo-Anttila, Jill M. Blevins, Linda G. TI Measurement of soot morphology, chemistry, and optical properties in the visible and near-infrared spectrum in the flame zone and overfire region of large JP-8 pool fires SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE absorption; fire; light extinction; optical properties; PAH; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; pool fire; radiative transport; RDG-PFA; scattering; soot ID TURBULENT-DIFFUSION FLAMES; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; VOLUME FRACTION; GENERATED SOOT; EXTINCTION; LIGHT; SCATTERING; TEMPERATURE AB The dimensionless extinction coefficient, K(e), was measured for soot produced in 2m JP-8 pool fires. Light extinction and gravimetric sampling measurements were performed simultaneously at 635 and 1310 nm wavelengths at three heights in the flame zone and in the overfire region. Measured average K(e) values of 8.4 +/- 1.2 at 635 nm and 8.7 +/- 1.1 at 1310 nm in the overfire region agree well with values from 8-10 recently reported for different fuels and flame conditions. The overfire Ke values are also relatively independent of wavelength, in agreement with recent findings for JP-8 soot in smaller flames. Ke was nearly constant at 635 nm for all sampling locations in the large fires. However, at 1310 nm, the overfire Ke was higher than in the flame zone. Chemical analysis of physically sampled soot shows variations in carbon-to-hydrogen (C/H) ratio and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentration that may account for the smaller Ke values measured in the flame zone. Rayleigh -Debye-Gans theory of scattering for polydisperse fractal aggregate (RDG-PFA) was applied to measured aggregate fractal dimensions and found to under-predict the extinction coefficient by 17-30% at 635 nm using commonly accepted refractive indices of soot, and agreed well with the experiments using the more recently published refractive index of 1.99-0.89i. This study represents the first measurements of soot chemistry, morphology, and optical properties in the flame zone of large, fully-turbulent pool fires, and emphasizes the importance of accurate measurements of optical properties both in the flame zone and overfire regions for models of radiative transport and interpretation of laser-based diagnostics of soot volume fraction and temperature. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA USA. RP Suo-Anttila, JM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jmsuoan@sandia.gov NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 179 IS 12 BP 2453 EP 2487 DI 10.1080/00102200701484266 PG 35 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 235NC UT WOS:000251240000002 ER PT J AU Flowers, DL Aceves, SM Dibble, RW AF Flowers, D. L. Aceves, S. M. Dibble, R. W. TI Effect of laser-induced excitation of oxygen on ignition in HCCI engines analysed by numerical simulations SO COMBUSTION THEORY AND MODELLING LA English DT Article ID SUPERSONIC-FLOW; AIR MIXTURE; KINETIC MECHANISMS; O-2 MOLECULES; SHOCK-WAVE; COMBUSTION; INITIATION; RADIATION AB Lack of proven means to control ignition impedes practical implementation of homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines. In the present paper, we investigate if laser-induced excitation of oxygen might aid solution of the ignition control problem in HCCI engines. Simulations by previous researchers showed laser-induced excitation of oxygen enhances ignition in supersonic combustion. Based on this previous research, we extend a chemical kinetic mechanism for propane autoignition to include reactions for two excited oxygen states, O-2(a(1) Delta g) and O-2(b(1) Sigma(+)(g)). Simulations examined the effect of each of these excited O-2 states upon ignition timing in an HCCI engine. Results indicate that achieving useful control of the combustion process requires substantial conversion of O-2 to either of the excited states. At the required level of excitation, the power required for the laser may lower engine efficiency. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Flowers, DL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-644, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM flowers4@llnl.gov RI aceves, salvador/G-9052-2011 OI aceves, salvador/0000-0001-5687-7256 NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-7830 J9 COMBUST THEOR MODEL JI Combust. Theory Model. PY 2007 VL 11 IS 3 BP 455 EP 468 DI 10.1080/13647830601039169 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mathematics GA 176DW UT WOS:000247065100006 ER PT J AU Masri, AR Kalt, PAM Al-Abdeli, YM Barlow, RS AF Masri, A. R. Kalt, P. A. M. Al-Abdeli, Y. M. Barlow, R. S. TI Turbulence-chemistry interactions in non-premixed swirling flames SO COMBUSTION THEORY AND MODELLING LA English DT Review DE local extinction; non-premixed flames; swirling flows; turbulence-chemistry interactions; turbulent combustion ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; CONDITIONAL MOMENT CLOSURE; JET DIFFUSION FLAMES; NONPREMIXED FLAMES; COMPOSITIONAL STRUCTURE; LOCAL EXTINCTION; FLOW; RECIRCULATION; METHANE AB Swirling flames with varying departures from blow-off have recently been studied using a simple, yet representative swirl burner. Extensive measurements of flow, stability and composition fields have already been made in turbulent non-premixed swirling flames covering a range of fuel mixtures and swirl numbers. The data, which are now made available on the World Wide Web, have revealed complex flame structures involving vortex breakdown leading to swirl-induced recirculation zones, flow instability, and the occurrence of localized extinction. These effects, which are also typical of what actually occurs in many practical combustors, are most likely inter-related rather than isolated phenomena. The nature of these interactions remains poorly understood. This paper brings together flow-field, stability and composition measurements with the aim of shedding more light on the interaction between complex fluid dynamics and finite-rate chemistry. A threshold for the occurrence of localized extinction is defined and examined with regard to rates of localized flow rotation, the occurrence of flow reversals and the velocity shear stresses. It is found that local extinction occurs in regions of high shear stress that do not necessarily overlap with the mean stoichiometric contours. The formation of an elongated recirculation (bluff-body stabilized) zone or a second, downstream region of flow recirculation is largely controlled by the swirl number and the ratio of momentum in the swirling annulus and central fuel jet. C1 Univ Adelaide, Sch Mech Engn, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Tasmania, Sch Mech Engn, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Aerosp Mech & Mechatron Engn, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Kalt, PAM (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Sch Mech Engn, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. EM pkalt@mecheng.adelaide.edu.au OI Al-Abdeli, Yasir/0000-0001-5672-9448 NR 34 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-7830 J9 COMBUST THEOR MODEL JI Combust. Theory Model. PY 2007 VL 11 IS 5 BP 653 EP 673 DI 10.1080/13647830701213482 PG 21 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mathematics GA 223CM UT WOS:000250347200001 ER PT J AU Kapila, AK Schwendeman, DW Bdzil, JB Henshaw, WD AF Kapila, A. K. Schwendeman, D. W. Bdzil, J. B. Henshaw, W. D. TI Study of detonation diffraction in the ignition-and-growth model SO COMBUSTION THEORY AND MODELLING LA English DT Article DE dead zones; detonation; diffraction; heterogeneous explosive; ignition-and-growth ID SHOCK INITIATION; LX-17; EXPLOSIVES; EQUATIONS; PBX-9502; WAVES AB Heterogeneous high-energy explosives are morphologically, mechanically and chemically complex. As such, their ab initio modelling, in which well-characterized phenomena at the scale of the microstructure lead to a rationally homogenized description at the much larger scale of observation, is a subject of active research but not yet a reality. An alternative approach is to construct phenomenological models, in which forms of constitutive behaviour are postulated with an eye on the perceived picture of the micro-scale phenomena, and which are strongly linked to experimental calibration. Most prominent among these is the ignition-and-growth model conceived by Lee and Tarver. The model treats the explosive as a homogeneous mixture of two distinct constituents, the unreacted explosive and the products of reaction. To each constituent is assigned an equation of state, and a single reaction-rate law is prescribed for the conversion of the explosive to products. It is assumed that the two constituents are always in pressure and temperature equilibrium. The purpose of this paper is to investigate in detail the behaviour of the model in situations where a detonation turns a corner and undergoes diffraction. A set of parameters appropriate for the explosive LX-17 is selected. The model is first examined analytically for steady, planar, one-dimensional (1D) solutions and the reaction-zone structure of Chapman -Jouguet detonations is determined. A computational study of two classes of problems is then undertaken. The first class corresponds to planar, 1D initiation by an impact, and the second to corner turning and diffraction in planar and axisymmetric geometries. The 1D initiation, although interesting in its own right, is utilized here as a means for interpretation of the two-dimensional results. It is found that there are two generic ways in which 1D detonations are initiated in the model, and that these scenarios play a part in the post-diffraction evolution as well. For the parameter set under study the model shows detonation failure, but only locally and temporarily, and does not generate sustained dead zones. The computations employ adaptive mesh refinement and are finely resolved. Results are obtained for a rigid confinement of the explosive. Compliant confinement represents its own computational challenges and is currently under study. Also under development is an extended ignition-and-growth model which takes into account observed desensitization of heterogeneous explosives by weak shocks. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Math Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, DX 2, Los Alamos, NM USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, CASC, Livermore, CA USA. RP Kapila, AK (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Math Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM kapila@rpi.edu NR 26 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-7830 EI 1741-3559 J9 COMBUST THEOR MODEL JI Combust. Theory Model. PY 2007 VL 11 IS 5 BP 781 EP 822 DI 10.1080/13647830701235774 PG 42 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mathematics GA 223CM UT WOS:000250347200007 ER PT J AU Piccoli, PMB Koetzle, TF Schultz, AJ AF Piccoli, Paula M. B. Koetzle, Thomas F. Schultz, Arthur J. TI Single crystal neutron diffraction for the inorganic chemist - A practical guide SO COMMENTS ON INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AMMONIUM HEXAAQUACOPPER(II) SULFATE; JAHN-TELLER DISTORTION; LOW-TEMPERATURE; X-RAY; MOLYBDENUM COMPLEXES; AGOSTIC INTERACTIONS; GAS CONFIGURATION; HYDRIDE COMPLEXES; METAL-COMPLEX; SPIN-DENSITY AB Advances and upgrades in neutron sources and instrumentation are poised to make neutron diffraction more accessible to inorganic chemists than ever before. These improvements will pave the way for single crystal investigations that currently may be difficult, for example due to small crystal size or large unit cell volume. This article aims to highlight what can presently be achieved in neutron diffraction and looks forward toward future applications of neutron scattering in inorganic chemistry. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Piccoli, PMB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ppiccoli@anl.gov NR 70 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-3594 J9 COMMENT INORG CHEM JI Comments Inorganic Chem. PY 2007 VL 28 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 38 DI 10.1080/02603590701394741 PG 36 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 176DY UT WOS:000247065300002 ER PT S AU Palmer, JA Welle, EJ AF Palmer, Jeremy A. Welle, Eric J. BE Neev, J Nolte, S Heisterkamp, A Schaffer, CB TI An ultra-short pulse laser lathe for axisymmetric micromachining of explosives - art. no. 646015 SO Commercial and Biomedical Applications of Ultrafast Lasers VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Commercial and Biomedical Applications of Ultrafast Lasers CY JAN 21-24, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP Amplitude Syst, Coherent Inc, Femtolasers Produkt GmbH, IMRA Amer Inc, Spectra-Phys Lasers Inc, Time-Bandwidth Products Inc, Cyber Laser Inc, SPIE DE explosives; femtosecond laser; micromachining; ultra-short ID FEMTOSECOND LASER; ENERGETIC MATERIALS; ABLATION; METALS; SOLIDS AB Engineers have devised a novel ultra-short pulse laser lathe system for bulk micromachining of axisymmetric features in energetic material samples with three-dimensional cylindrical geometry. One hundred twenty femtosecond pulses from an 800-nm Ti:sapphire laser were utilized to machine hexanitrostilbene (HNS) rods with diameters less than 200 micrometers and greater than 5:1 aspect ratio without ignition and subsequent bulk combustion or detonation. To date, this work represents the smallest energetic material rod structures fabricated by this technology. Results indicate that surface roughness is dependent upon rotation speed and feed rate. Valuable explosive nano-particles were discovered, collected, and analyzed as a byproduct of fabrication. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Palmer, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6570-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6460 BP 46015 EP 46015 AR 646015 DI 10.1117/12.696608 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BGC65 UT WOS:000246047000021 ER PT J AU Garten, CT Brice, DJ Todd, DE AF Garten, C. T., Jr. Brice, D. J. Todd, D. E., Jr. TI Short-term recovery of ammonium-(15) nitrogen applied to a temperate forest inceptisol and ultisol in east Tennessee, USA SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE fine roots; forest floor; immobilization; N deposition; N-15-tracer; soil N ID CARBON SEQUESTRATION; SOIL-NITROGEN; OAK FOREST; DEPOSITION; ADDITIONS; PRECIPITATION; THROUGHFALL; PLANTATION; DYNAMICS; NITRATE AB The short-term fate and retention of ammonium (NH4)-(15)nitrogen (N) applied to two types of forest soils in east Tennessee was investigated. Four ridgetop forests, predominantly oak (Quercus spp.), were Studied. Five applications of NH4-N-15 tracer were made to the forest floor at 2- to 4-week intervals over a 14-week period in 2004. Nitrogen-15 recovery in the forest floor, fine roots (< 2 mm), and the mineral soil (0-20cm) was calculated at 6, 21, and 42 weeks after the last application. Most of the N-15 was retained in the forest floor and the mineral soil, with only small amounts (<= 2%) found in roots from both soil layers. Recovery of NH4-N-15 was greater in Inceptisols, which had a wider carbon (C)-to-N ratio than Ultisols. For both soil types, higher NH4-N-15 recoveries and long retention times (half-lives > 100 weeks) indicated the forest floor is an effective filter for atmospheric N inputs. C1 [Garten, C. T., Jr.; Brice, D. J.; Todd, D. E., Jr.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Garten, CT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,Mail Stop 6036, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM gartenctjr@ornl.gov RI Brice, Deanne/B-9048-2012 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2007 VL 38 IS 19-20 BP 2693 EP 2704 DI 10.1080/00103620701662919 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 244SO UT WOS:000251885800009 ER PT S AU Liu, Y Zhu, L Gorton, I AF Liu, Yan Zhu, Liming Gorton, Ian BE Schmidt, HW Crnkovic, I Heineman, GT Stafford, JA TI Performance assessment for e-government services: An experience report SO COMPONENT-BASED SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Component-Based Software Engineering CY JUL 09-11, 2007 CL Medford, MA DE performance; e-Govemment; services; J2EE AB The transformation and integration of government services, enabled by the use of new technologies such as application servers and Web services, is fundamental to reduce the cost of government and improving service outcomes to citizens. Many core Government information systems comprise applications running on legacy mainframes, databases and transaction processing monitors. As Governments worldwide provide direct access over the Internet to these legacy applications from the general public, they may be exposed to workloads well above the origin design parameters of these back-end systems. This creates a significant risk of high profile failures for Government agencies whose newly integrated systems become overloaded. In this paper we describe how we conducted a performance assessment of a business-critical, Internet-facing Web services that integrated new and legacy systems from two Australian Government agencies. We leveraged prototype tools from our own research along with known techniques in performance modeling. We were able to clearly demonstrate that the existing hardware and software would be adequate to handle the predicted workload for the next financial year. We were also able to do 'what-if' analysis and predict how the system can perform with alternative strategies to scale the system. We conclude by summarizing the lessons learnt, including the importance of architecture visibility, benchmarking data quality, and measurement feasibility due to issues of outsourcing, privacy legislation and cross-agency involvement. C1 [Liu, Yan; Zhu, Liming] Natl ICT Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Gorton, Ian] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Natl ICT Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia. EM Jenny.liu@nicta.com.au; liming.zhu@nicta.com.au; ian.gorton@pnl.gov RI Gorton, Ian/A-8247-2009 FU National ICT Australia is funded through the Australian Government's; Australian Research Council. FX National ICT Australia is funded through the Australian Government's Backing Australia's Ability initiative, in part through the Australian Research Council. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-73550-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4608 BP 74 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BGK99 UT WOS:000248082700006 ER PT S AU Dahlgren, TL AF Dahlgren, Tamara L. BE Schmidt, HW Crnkovic, I Heineman, GT Stafford, JA TI Performance-driven interface contract enforcement for scientific components SO Component-Based Software Engineering, Proceedings SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Component-Based Software Engineering CY JUL 09-11, 2007 CL Medford, MA AB Several performance-driven approaches to selectively enforce interface contracts for scientific components are investigated. The goal is to facilitate debugging deployed applications built from plug-and-play components while keeping the cost of enforcement within acceptable overhead limits. This paper describes a study of global enforcement using a priori execution cost estimates obtained from traces. Thirteen trials are formed from five, single-component programs. Enforcement experiments conducted using twenty-three enforcement policies are used to determine the nature of exercised contracts and the impact of a variety of sampling strategies. Performance-driven enforcement appears to be best suited to programs that exercise moderately expensive contracts. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dahlgren, TL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-73550-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4608 BP 157 EP 172 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BGK99 UT WOS:000248082700011 ER PT S AU Fornasier, P Webber, J Gorton, I AF Fornasier, Patric Webber, Jim Gorton, Ian BE Schmidt, HW Crnkovic, I Heineman, GT Stafford, JA TI Soya: A programming model and runtime environment for component composition using SSDL SO COMPONENT-BASED SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Component-Based Software Engineering CY JUL 09-11, 2007 CL Medford, MA ID WEB SERVICES AB The SOAP Service Description Language (SSDL) is a SOAP-centric language for describing Web Service contracts. SSDL focuses on message abstraction as the building block for creating service-oriented applications and provides an extensible range of protocol frameworks that can be used to describe and formally model component composition based on Web Service interactions. Given its novel approach, implementing support for SSDL contracts presents interesting challenges to middleware developers. At one end of the spectrum, programming abstractions that support message-oriented designs need to be created. At the other end, new functionality and semantics must be added to existing SOAP engines. In this paper we explain how component developers can create message-oriented Web Service interfaces with contemporary tool support (specifically the Windows Communication Foundation) using SSDL. We show how SSDL can be used as an alternative and powerful metadata language natively alongside existing tooling without imposing additional burdens on application developers. Moreover, we describe the design and architecture of the Soya middleware which supports SSDL-based development of Web Services on the WCF platform. C1 [Fornasier, Patric] Univ New S Wales, Natl ICT Australia, Sch Comp Sci & Engn, Empir Software Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Gorton, Ian] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fornasier, P (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Natl ICT Australia, Sch Comp Sci & Engn, Empir Software Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM patric@cse.unsw.edu.au; jim@webber.name; ian.gorton@pnl.gov RI Gorton, Ian/A-8247-2009 FU National ICT Australia is funded through the Australian Government's BackingAustralia's Ability initiative; AustralianResearchCouncil. FX We would like to thank Liming Zhu, Savas Parastatidis and Pawel Kowalski for their constructive feedback and valuable support in creating this document.National ICT Australia is funded through the Australian Governments BackingAustralias Ability initiative, in part through the AustralianResearchCouncil. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-73550-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4608 BP 227 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BGK99 UT WOS:000248082700016 ER PT J AU Tze, WTY Wang, S Rials, TG Pharr, GM Kelley, SS AF Tze, W. T. Y. Wang, S. Rials, T. G. Pharr, G. M. Kelley, S. S. TI Nanoindentation of wood cell walls: Continuous stiffness and hardness measurements SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE wood; mechanical properties; nanoindentation ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ELASTIC-MODULUS; EPOXY-RESIN; LONGITUDINAL HARDNESS; NANO-INDENTATION; YOUNGS MODULUS; SPRUCE WOOD; LOAD AB The objective of this study was to measure the mechanical properties of individual, native wood fibers using the continuous nanoindentation measurement technique. The indentation depth profile exhibited a small length-scale effect, which was confirmed using the size-effect index derived from the indentation loading curve. The hardness (H-u) or stiffness (E-u) values determined from indentation unloading were also examined for 10 different annual rings of a loblolly pine, with microfibril angles (MFA) between 14 degrees and 36 degrees. A predictable pattern of E,, values was found as a function of MFA, and hence E. can at least be considered a relative measure of the longitudinal stiffness properties of wood cell walls. For H,, values, a dependence on orientation was observed, and there is a preliminary indication that the dependence could be affected by cell-wall extractives. It is thus desirable, for cell-wall modification studies, to minimize any unintended variations by using samples that are from the same growth ring, so that any treatment-induced changes in the cell-wall hardness can be identified. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Forest Prod Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Wood & Paper Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Tze, WTY (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Biobased Prod, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM wtze@umn.edu NR 27 TC 79 Z9 89 U1 6 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 2007 VL 38 IS 3 BP 945 EP 953 DI 10.1016/j.compositesa.2006.06.018 PG 9 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 138CJ UT WOS:000244340300030 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Wang, SQ Pharr, GM Xu, HT AF Lee, Seung-Hwan Wang, Siqun Pharr, George M. Xu, Haitao TI Evaluation of interphase properties in a cellulose fiber-reinforced polypropylene composite by nanoindentation and finite element analysis SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE natural fibre composites; hardness; interface/interphase; finite element analysis (FEA) ID BIODEGRADABLE POLYESTERS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MATRIX COMPOSITES; NATURAL FIBERS; BAMBOO FIBER; POLYMERS AB The hardness and elastic modulus of the cellulose fiber and polypropylene (PP) matrix in a cellulose fiber-reinforced PP composite were investigated by nanoindentation with a continuous stiffness technique. Nanoindentation with different indentation depths and spacings was conducted to measure hardness and elastic modulus in the interphase region, which was modified by malcic anhydride-grafted PP and gamma-amino propyltrimethoxy silane (gamma-APS) sizing. A line of indents was produced from the fiber to the matrix. There was a gradient of hardness and modulus across the interphase region. The distinct properties of the transition zone were revealed by 1-4 indents, depending on nanoindentation depth and spacing. Based on the results of nanoindentation, it was assumed that the width of the property transition zone is less than 1 mu m. However, three dimensional finite element analysis shows that even a perfect interface without property transition has almost same interphase width as that measured by nanoindentation. Using existing nanoindentation techniques, it will be difficult to calculate exact mechanical properties without the effect of neighboring material property in at least 8 times smaller region than indent size. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Tennessee Forest Prod Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci, Knoxville, TN USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Tennessee Forest Prod Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM lshyhk@hotmail.com NR 30 TC 84 Z9 92 U1 3 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 2007 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1517 EP 1524 DI 10.1016/j.compositesa.2007.01.007 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 183FB UT WOS:000247557000009 ER PT J AU Strack, C Akinci, C Paschenko, V Wolf, B Uhrig, E Assmus, W Schreuer, J Wiehl, L Schlueter, J Wosnitza, J Schweitzer, D Lang, M AF Strack, Christian Akinci, Cemil Paschenko, Volodymyr Wolf, Bernd Uhrig, Eckart Assmus, Wolf Schreuer, Juergen Wiehl, Leonore Schlueter, John Wosnitza, Jochen Schweitzer, Dieter Lang, Michael TI Intrinsic vs. extrinsic inelastic scattering contributions in K-(BEDT-TTF)(2)Cu[N(CN)(2)]Br - Transport measurements under hydrostatic pressure SO COMPTES RENDUS CHIMIE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Spin and Charge Correlations in Molecule-Based Materials - Physical Properties, Chemistry and Materials Aspects CY OCT 17-19, 2005 CL Konigstein, GERMANY DE electrical conduction; organic compounds; organic superconductors ID ORGANIC SUPERCONDUCTORS; TRANSITION AB Interlayer-resistivity measurements have been performed on a variety of single crystals of the quasi-two-dimensional organic superconductor kappa-(BEDT-TTF)(2)Cu[N(CN)(2)]Br. These crystals, which have been synthesized along two somewhat different routes, reveal strongly sample-dependent resistivity profiles: while the majority of samples shows a more or less pronounced p(T) maximum around 90 K with a semiconducting behaviour above, some crystals remain metallic at all temperatures T <= 300 K. In the absence of significant differences in the crystals' structural parameters and chemical compositions, as proved by high-resolution X-ray and electron-probe-microanalysis [C. Strack et al., Phys. Rev. B 72 (2005) 054511], these results indicate that real structure phenomena, i.e. disorder and/or defects, may strongly affect the inelastic scattering. Comparative resistivity measurements under He-gas pressure on two crystals with strongly differing rho(T) profiles indicate that these additional, sample-dependent scattering contributions are characterized by an extraordinarily strong pressure response which is highly non-monotonous as a function of temperature. No correlations have been found between the strength of these scattering contributions and other characteristic properties such as the glass transition at T-g = 77 K, the temperature T* approximate to 40 K, where the temperature dependence of the resistivity changes rather abruptly, or the superconducting transition temperature T-c. C1 Univ Frankfurt, Inst Phys, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. Univ Frankfurt, Inst Mineral, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. TU Dresden, Inst Festkorperphys, Dresden, Germany. Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys 3, D-7000 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Strack, C (reprint author), Univ Frankfurt, Inst Phys, FOR 412,Max von Laue Str 1, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. EM strack@physik.uni-frankfurt.de RI Schreuer, Juergen/F-7843-2011; OI Paschenko, Vladimir/0000-0002-0921-5513 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1631-0748 J9 CR CHIM JI C. R. Chim. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 10 IS 1-2 BP 96 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.crci.2006.06.010 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 144IE UT WOS:000244788900016 ER PT J AU Schlueter, JA Manson, JL Geiser, U AF Schlueter, John A. Manson, Jamie L. Geiser, Urs TI A novel pseudo-2D structural motif in an anionic copper(II) dicyanamide coordination polymer SO COMPTES RENDUS CHIMIE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Spin and Charge Correlations in Molecule-Based Materials - Physical Properties, Chemistry and Materials Aspects CY OCT 17-19, 2005 CL Konigstein, GERMANY DE dicyanamide; copper; crystal structure ID PRESSURE ORGANIC SUPERCONDUCTOR; NETWORKS; MAGNETISM; DCA; MN; NI; CO; KAPPA-(BEDT-TTF)2CUCL; CONDUCTORS; COMPLEXES AB Anionic coordination polymers of divalent first-row transition elements are promising components of multifunctional molecular materials in which electronic conduction and magnetism can coexist. We report that a tetraphenylphosphonium salt containing a copper(II) dicyanamide anion has a novel pseudo-two-dimensional anionic structure and may provide a suitable electrolyte for the electrocrystallization of charge transfer salts. This (PPh4)(3)Cu-4(dca)(11) salt crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1) with lattice parameters, a = 7.191](4) angstrom, = 55.050(3) angstrom, c = 11.7964(7) 99.166(3)degrees and V = 4610.2(7) angstrom(3) at T = 298 K. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Eastern Washington Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. RP Schlueter, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jaschlueter@anl.gov NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1631-0748 J9 CR CHIM JI C. R. Chim. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 10 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.crci.2006.06.011 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 144IE UT WOS:000244788900017 ER PT S AU Soares, TA Stretatsma, TP AF Soares, T. A. Stretatsma, T. P. BE Simos, TE Maroulis, G TI Towards simulations of outer membrane proteins in lipopolysaccharide membranes SO COMPUTATION IN MODERN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING VOL 2, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Methods in Science and Engineering CY SEP 25-30, 2007 CL Corfu, GREECE SP European Soc Computat Methods Sci & Engn, Minist Natl Educ & Religious Affairs, E4 Comp Engn DE molecular simulation; lipopolysaccharide membranes; outer membrane proteins ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; PHOSPHOLIPID-BILAYERS; SPECTROSCOPY AB Atomistic simulations of the outer membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa constituted of monolayers with 64 LPS molecules and 160 PE molecules were performed. The Amber96 force field and our extensions of the Glycam93 force field were used together with periodic boundary conditions the smooth Particle Mesh Ewald method. Simulation derived proper-ties of LPS membranes are shown to exhibit good agreement with available experimental data within the time scale simulated, chosen force field and simulation conditions. The molecular model used offers an accurate representation the high asymmetry and low fluidity characteristics of outer membranes. C1 [Soares, T. A.; Stretatsma, T. P.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Soares, TA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, POB 999,MSIN K7-90, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Soares, Thereza/G-1065-2010 OI Soares, Thereza/0000-0002-5891-6906 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0476-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 2 BP 1375 EP 1378 PN A - B PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BHF06 UT WOS:000252602900338 ER PT S AU Straatsma, TP AF Straatsma, T. P. BE Simos, TE Maroulis, G TI Data intensive analysis of biomolecular simulations SO COMPUTATION IN MODERN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING VOL 2, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Methods in Science and Engineering CY SEP 25-30, 2007 CL Corfu, GREECE SP European Soc Computat Methods Sci & Engn, Minist Natl Educ & Religious Affairs, E4 Comp Engn DE data intensive analysis; molecular simulation AB Biomolecular simulations are resulting in increasingly large molecular time trajectories. This contribution describes a data intensive analytics capability that is designed to effectively use massively parallel computing resources to carry out and visualize large scale molecular dynamics trajectory analyses. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Straatsma, TP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, POB 999,MSIN K7-90, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0476-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 2 BP 1379 EP 1382 PN A - B PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BHF06 UT WOS:000252602900339 ER PT J AU Wenstrom, JH Plohr, BJ AF Wenstrom, Jane Hurley Plohr, Bradley J. TI Classification of homogeneous quadratic conservation laws with viscous terms SO COMPUTATIONAL & APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE nonlinear non-strictly-hyperbolic conservation laws; Riemann problems; viscous profiles AB In this paper, we study systems of two conservation laws with homogeneous quadratic flux functions. We use the viscous profile criterion for shock admissibility. This criterion leads to the occurrence of non-classical transitional shock waves, which are sensitively dependent on the form of the viscosity matrix. The goal of this paper is to lay a foundation for investigating how the structure of solutions of the Riemann problem is affected by the choice of viscosity matrix. Working in the framework of the fundamental wave manifold, we derive a necessary and sufficient condition on the model parameters for the presence of transitional shock waves. Using this condition, we are able to identify the regions in the wave manifold that correspond to transitional shock waves. Also, we determine the boundaries in the space of model parameters that separate models with differing numbers of transitional regions. C1 [Wenstrom, Jane Hurley] Mississippi Univ Women, Div Sci & Math, Columbus, MS 39701 USA. [Plohr, Bradley J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Complex Syst Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Wenstrom, JH (reprint author), Mississippi Univ Women, Div Sci & Math, Columbus, MS 39701 USA. EM jwenstro@muw.edu; plohr@lanl.gov FU Henry Luce Foundation; NSF [DMS-9732876]; DOE [DE-FG02-90ER25084]; MCT [PCI 650009/97-5]; FAPERJ [E-26/150.936/99]; CNPq [451055/00-4]; FINEP [77970315-00] FX This work has been supported in part by: the Henry Luce Foundation through a Clare Boothe Luce Professorship; the NSF under Grant DMS-9732876; the DOE under Grant DE-FG02-90ER25084; MCT under Grant PCI 650009/97-5; FAPERJ under Grant E-26/150.936/99; CNPq under Grant 451055/00-4; and FINEP under Grant 77970315-00. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC BRASILEIRA MATEMATICA APLICADA & COMPUTACIONAL PI SAO CARLOS SP PA AV DO TRABALHADOR SAO CARLENSE, 400, CENTRO CAIXA POSTAL 668, SAO CARLOS SP, 13560-970, BRAZIL SN 0101-8205 J9 COMPUT APPL MATH JI Comput. Appl. Math. PY 2007 VL 26 IS 2 BP 251 EP 283 PG 33 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA V20JH UT WOS:000208135800005 ER PT S AU Rangaswamy, P Hackett, RM AF Rangaswamy, P. Hackett, R. M. BE Brebbia, CA Motta, AA TI A computational viscoelasticity/damage/plasticity model for high-explosive materials SO Computational Ballistics III SE WIT TRANSACTIONS ON MODELLING AND SIMULATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Computational Ballistics CY JUN 06-08, 2007 CL New Forest, ENGLAND SP Wessex Inst Technol, WIT Transact Modelling & Simulat DE computational; viscoelasticity; damage; fracture mechanics; plasticity; user material model ID VISCOPLASTICITY AB It is important to be able to accurately predict the behavior of high-explosive (HE) materials because of the sensitivity with which they respond in the environment in which they are designed to perform, and because they are also extremely sensitive to accidental mechanical shock, which might occur during handling. Thus it is imperative that a capability exists to develop a constitutive material model and simulate the response of HE materials subjected to a variety of thermomechanical loading conditions, a response that is characterized as highly complex. It has been demonstrated through uniaxial strain-rate experiments conducted at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) that the initial response of HE material is rate-dependent, with the growth of microcracks continuing under load until the yield strength is reached. In a material such as this, the initial stages of deformation involve both elastic and viscous mechanisms. It has been postulated that this observed behavior could be categorized as nonlinear viscoelasticity, coupled with continuing microcracking. A computational material model containing viscoelasticity, internal damage accumulation and rate-dependent plasticity has been formulated for the purpose of simulating the behavior of these types of material systems. The formulation has been incorporated as a user-defined material (UMAT) into the ABAQUS finite element code. It is demonstrated in this paper how the material model can be employed by calibrating it to the experimental response of the material Mock 900-21, a high-explosive material mock utilized at LANL. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rangaswamy, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU WIT PRESS/COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, ASHURST, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ENGLAND SN 1746-4064 BN 978-1-84564-077-4 J9 WIT TRANS MODEL SIM PY 2007 VL 45 BP 109 EP 120 DI 10.2495/CBAL070101 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Mechanics GA BGM22 UT WOS:000248325500010 ER PT S AU Scivetti, I Hughes, D Gidopoulos, N Caro, A Kohanoff, J AF Scivetti, Ivan Hughes, David Gidopoulos, Nikitas Caro, Alfredo Kohanoff, Jorge BE Maroulis, G Simos, TE TI Nuclear quantum effects on the structural properties of solids SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING VOL 1: THEORY AND COMPUTATION: OLD PROBLEMS AND NEW CHALLENGES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Methods in Science and Engineering CY SEP 25-30, 2007 CL Corfu, GREECE SP European Soc Computat Methods Sci & Engn, Minist Natl Educ & Religious Affairs, E4 Comp Engn DE quantum nuclei; isotope effect; lattice dynamics ID VIBRATIONAL-STATES; APPROXIMATION; MOLECULES AB A method to take into the account the effect of quantization of vibrations on the structural and dynamical properties of solids is presented. It is based on mapping a suitable subspace of the vibrational manifold and solving the Schrodinger equation in it. A number of increasingly accurate approximations is described, and results for different models and for ab initio potentials are presented. In particular, we focus on quantum nuclear effects on the lattice constant and interatomic distances for a simple anharmonic monoatomic chain and for hydrogen-bonded systems. We analyze the influence of Brillouin zone sampling. C1 [Scivetti, Ivan; Hughes, David; Kohanoff, Jorge] Queens Univ Belfast, Atomist Simulat Ctr, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Gidopoulos, Nikitas] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Usis Facil, Chilton, Didcot, England. [Caro, Alfredo] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Scivetti, I (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Atomist Simulat Ctr, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. RI Gidopoulos, Nikitas/G-9334-2014; Kohanoff, Jorge/H-9874-2015 OI Gidopoulos, Nikitas/0000-0002-0084-3548; Kohanoff, Jorge/0000-0002-8237-7543 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0477-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 963 BP 212 EP + PG 2 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA BHC08 UT WOS:000252146200017 ER PT S AU Larson, JW Norris, B AF Larson, J. Walter Norris, Boyana BE Gervasi, O Gavrilova, ML TI Component specification for parallel coupling infrastructure SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE AND ITS APPLICATIONS - ICCSA 2007, PT 3, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications (ICCSA 2007) CY AUG 26-29, 2007 CL Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA SP Univ Perugia, Univ Calgary, Optima Numerics, Spark Planner Pte Ltd, Univ Calgary, SPARCS Lab, MASTER UP ID CLIMATE SYSTEM MODEL; ARCHITECTURE; TOOLKIT AB Coupled systems comprise multiple mutually interacting subsystems, and are an increasingly common computational science application, most notably as multiscale and multiphysics models. Parallel computing, and in particular message-passing programming have spurred the development of these models, but also present a parallel coupling problem (PCP) in the form of intermodel data dependencies. The PCP complicates model coupling through requirements for the description, transfer, and transformation of the distributed data that models in a parallel coupled system exchange. Component-based software engineering has been proposed as one means of conquering software complexity in scientific applications, and given the compound nature of coupled models, it is a natural approach to addressing the parallel coupling problem. We define a software component specification for solving the parallel coupling problem. This design draws from the already successful Common Component Architecture (CCA). We abstract the parallel coupling problem's elements and map them onto a set of CCA components, defining a parallel coupling infrastructure toolkit. We discuss a reference implementation based on the Model Coupling Toolkit. We demonstrate how these components might be deployed to solve a relevant coupling problems in climate modeling. C1 [Larson, J. Walter; Norris, Boyana] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Larson, J. Walter] Australian Natl Univ, ANU Supercomp Facil, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Larson, JW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM larson@mcs.anl.gov; norris@mcs.anl.gov FU Australian Department of Education, Science, and Training through the Australian Partnership for Advanced Computing (APAC) FX The ANU Supercomputer Facility is funded in part by the Australian Department of Education, Science, and Training through the Australian Partnership for Advanced Computing (APAC). NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-74482-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4707 BP 55 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Manufacturing; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BGT74 UT WOS:000250429700006 ER PT S AU Li, YH Mascagni, M Gorin, A AF Li, Yaohang Mascagni, Michael Gorin, Andrey BE Gervasi, O Gavrilova, ML TI Decentralized replica exchange parallel tempering: An efficient implementation of parallel tempering using MPI and SPRNG SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE AND ITS APPLICATIONS - ICCSA 2007, PT 3, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications (ICCSA 2007) CY AUG 26-29, 2007 CL Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA SP Univ Perugia, Univ Calgary, Optima Numerics, Spark Planner Pte Ltd, Univ Calgary, SPARCS Lab, MASTER UP DE parallel tempering; Monte Carlo methods; parallel programming ID MONTE-CARLO SCHEME AB Parallel Tempering (PT), also known as Replica Exchange, is a powerful Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling approach which aims at reducing the relaxation time in simulations of physical systems. In this paper, we present a novel implementation of PT, so-called decentralized replica exchange PT, using MPI and the Scalable Parallel Random Number Generators (SPRNG) libraries. By adjusting the replica exchange operations in the original PT algorithm, and taking advantage of the characteristics of pseudorandom number generators, this implementation minimizes the overhead caused by interprocessor communication in replica exchange in PT. This enables one to efficiently apply PT to largescale massively parallel systems. The efficiency of this implementation has been demonstrated in the context of various benchmark energy functions, such as the high-dimensional Rosenbrock function, and a rugged funnel-like function. C1 [Li, Yaohang] North Carolina Agr & Technol State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Mascagni, Michael] Florida State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Gorin, Andrey] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Comp Sci & Math, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Li, YH (reprint author), North Carolina Agr & Technol State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. EM yaohang@ncat.edu; mascagni@cs.fsu.edu; agor@ornl.gov FU Oak Ridge Associated Universities; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Yaohang Li acknowledges support by the Ralph E. Powe Junior Faculty Enhancement Award of Oak Ridge Associated Universities. The research was also sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-74482-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4707 BP 507 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Manufacturing; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BGT74 UT WOS:000250429700044 ER PT S AU Chen, J AF Chen, Jin BE Shi, Y VanAlbada, GD Dongarra, J Sloot, PMA TI Variable relaxation solve for Nonlinear thermal conduction SO Computational Science - ICCS 2007, Pt 1, Proceedings SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2007) CY MAY 27-30, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Sci Res Ctr Data Technol & Knowledge Econ, AMID, Springer, World Sci Publishing, Univ Nebraska Omaha, CAS, Grad Univ, Chinese Acad Sci, Univ Amsterdam, Inst Policy & Management AB Efficient and robust nonlinear solvers, based on Variable Relaxation, is developed to solve nonlinear anisotropic thermal conduction arising from fusion plasma simulations. By adding first and/or second order time derivatives to the system, this type of methods advances corresponding time-dependent nonlinear systems to steady state, which is the solution to be sought. In this process, only the stiffness matrix itself is involved so that the numerical complexity and errors can be greatly reduced. In fact, this work is an extension of implementing efficient linear solvers for fusion simulation on Cray X1E. Two schemes are derived in this work, first and second order Variable Relaxations. Four factors are observed to be critical for efficiency and preservation of solution's symmetric structure arising from periodic boundary condition: mesh scales, initialization, variable time step, and nonlinear stiffness matrix computation. First finer mesh scale should be taken in strong transport direction; Next the system is carefully initialized by the solution with linear conductivity; Third, time step and relaxation factor are vertex-based varied and optimized at each time step; Finally, the nonlinear stiffness matrix is updated by just scaling corresponding linear one with the vector generated from nonlinear thermal conductivity. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-72583-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4487 BP 30 EP 37 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGH83 UT WOS:000247062800005 ER PT S AU Jiang, Y AF Jiang, Yi BE Shi, Y VanAlbada, GD Dongarra, J Sloot, PMA TI A multiscale, cell-based framework for modeling cancer development SO Computational Science - ICCS 2007, Pt 1, Proceedings SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2007) CY MAY 27-30, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Sci Res Ctr Data Technol & Knowledge Econ, AMID, Springer, World Sci Publishing, Univ Nebraska Omaha, CAS, Grad Univ, Chinese Acad Sci, Univ Amsterdam, Inst Policy & Management ID MULTICELLULAR SPHEROIDS; DIFFERENTIAL ADHESION; TUMOR-GROWTH; SIMULATION; NECROSIS; GLUCOSE AB We use a systems approach to develop a predictive model that medical researchers can use to study and treat cancerous tumors. Our multiscale, cell-based model includes intracellular regulations, cellular level dynamics and intercellular interactions, and extracellular chemical dynamics. The intracellular level protein regulations and signaling pathways are described by Boolean networks. The cellular level growth and division dynamics, cellular adhesion, and interaction with the extracellular matrix are described by a lattice Monte Carlo model. The extracellular dynamics of the chemicals follow a system of reaction-diffusion equations. All three levels of the model are integrated into a high-performance simulation tool. Our simulation results reproduce experimental data in both avascular tumors and tumor angiogenesis. This model will enable medical researchers to gain a deeper understanding of the cellular and molecular interactions associated with cancer progression and treatment. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jiang, Y (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-72583-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4487 BP 770 EP 777 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGH83 UT WOS:000247062800102 ER PT S AU Zhou, X Jiang, Y AF Zhou, Xin Jiang, Yi BE Shi, Y VanAlbada, GD Dongarra, J Sloot, PMA TI A general long-time molecular dynamics scheme in atomistic systems: Hyperdynamics in entropy dominated systems SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2007, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2007) CY MAY 27-30, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Data Technol & Knowledge Econ, AMID, Springer, World Sci Publishing, Univ Nebraska, CAS, Grad Univ, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Policy & Management, Univ Amsterdam ID SIMULATION AB We extend the hyperdynamics method developed for low-dimensional energy-dominated systems, to simulate slow dynamics in more general atomistic systems. We show that a few functionals of the pair distribution function forms a low-dimensional collective space, which is a good approximation to distinguish stable and transitional conformations. A bias potential that raises the energy in stable regions, where the system is at local equilibrium, is constructed in the pair-correlation space on the fly. Thus a new MD scheme is present to study any time-scale dynamics with atomic details. We examine the slow gas-liquid transition of Lennard-Jones systems and show that this method can generate correct long-time dynamics and focus on the transition conformations without prior knowledge of the systems. We also discuss the application and possible improvement of the method for more complex systems. C1 [Zhou, Xin; Jiang, Yi] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhou, X (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM xzhou@lanl.gov FU US DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This work was supported by the US DOE under contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. We are grateful to K. Kremer, H. Ziock, S. Rasmussen and A.F. Voter for stimulating discussions, comments and suggestions. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-72583-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4487 BP 826 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGH83 UT WOS:000247062800109 ER PT S AU Ong, ET Larson, JW Norris, B Jacob, RL Tobis, M Steder, M AF Ong, Everest T. Larson, J. Walter Norris, Boyana Jacob, Robert L. Tobis, Michael Steder, Michael BE Shi, Y VanAlbada, GD Dongarra, J Sloot, PMA TI Multilingual interfaces for parallel coupling in multiphysics and multiscale systems SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2007, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2007) CY MAY 27-30, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Data Technol & Knowledge Econ, AMID, Springer, World Sci Publishing, Univ Nebraska, CAS, Grad Univ, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Policy & Management, Univ Amsterdam ID TOOLKIT AB Multiphysics and multiscale simulation systems are emerging as a new grand challenge in computational science, largely because of increased computing power provided by the distributed-memory parallel programming model on commodity clusters. These systems often present a parallel coupling problem in their intercomponent data exchanges. Another potential problem in these coupled systems is language interoperability between their various constituent codes. In anticipation of combined parallel coupling/language interoperability challenges, we have created a set of interlanguage bindings for a successful parallel coupling library, the Model Coupling Toolkit. We describe the method used for automatically generating the bindings using the Babel language interoperability tool, and illustrate with short examples how MCT can be used from the C++ and Python languages. We report preliminary performance reports for the MCT interpolation benchmark. We conclude with a discussion of the significance of this work to the rapid prototyping of large parallel coupled systems. C1 [Ong, Everest T.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Larson, J. Walter; Norris, Boyana; Jacob, Robert L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Larson, J. Walter] Australian Natl Univ, ANU Supercomp Facil, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Tobis, Michael; Steder, Michael] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Ong, ET (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM eong@mcsanl.gov; larson@mcsanl.gov; norris@mcsanl.gov; jacob@mcsanl.gov; tobis@gmail.com; steder@gmail.com FU US Department of Energy's Scientific Discovery [DEAC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0121028] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energys Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing under Contract DEAC02- 06CH11357, by the National Science Foundation under award ATM-0121028, and by the Australian Partnership for Advanced Computing. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-72583-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4487 BP 931 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGH83 UT WOS:000247062800122 ER PT S AU Bashir, O Ghattas, O Hill, J Waanders, BV Willcox, K AF Bashir, Omar Ghattas, Omar Hill, Judith van Bloemen Waanders, Bart Willcox, Karen BE Shi, Y VanAlbada, GD Dongarra, J Sloot, PMA TI Hessian-based model reduction for large-scale data assimilation problems SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2007, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2007) CY MAY 27-30, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Data Technol & Knowledge Econ, AMID, Springer, World Sci Publishing, Univ Nebraska, CAS, Grad Univ, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Policy & Management, Univ Amsterdam DE model reduction; data assimilation; inverse problem; Hessian matrix; optimization AB Assimilation of spatially- and temporally-distributed state observations into simulations of dynamical systems stemming from discretized PDEs leads to inverse problems with high-dimensional control spaces in the form of discretized initial conditions. Solution of such inverse problems in "real-time" is often intractable. This motivates the construction of reduced-order models that can be used as surrogates of the high-fidelity simulations during inverse solution. For the surrogates to be useful, they must be able to approximate the observable quantities over a wide range of initial conditions. Construction of the reduced models entails sampling the initial condition space to generate an appropriate training set, which is an intractable proposition for high dimensional initial condition spaces unless the problem structure can be exploited. Here, we present a method that extracts the dominant spectrum of the input-output map (i.e. the Hessian of the least squares optimization problem) at low cost, and uses the principal eigenvectors as sample points. We demonstrate the efficacy of the reduction methodology on a large-scale contaminant transport problem. C1 [Bashir, Omar; Willcox, Karen] MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Ghattas, Omar] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Hill, Judith; van Bloemen Waanders, Bart] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bashir, O (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM bashir@mit.edu; omar@ices.utexas.edu; jhill@sandia.gov; bartv@sandia.gov; kwillcox@mit.edu FU National Science Foundation under DDDAS [CNS-0540372, CNS-0540186]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Computer Science Research Institute at Sandia National Laboratories; US Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Partially supported by the National Science Foundation under DDDAS grants CNS-0540372 and CNS-0540186, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and the Computer Science Research Institute at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed-Martin Company, for the US Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-72583-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4487 BP 1010 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGH83 UT WOS:000247062800133 ER PT S AU Sanford, J Baumgardner, J Brewer, W Gibson, P ReMine, W AF Sanford, John Baumgardner, John Brewer, Wes Gibson, Paul ReMine, Walter BE Shi, Y VanAlbada, GD Dongarra, J Sloot, PMA TI Using computer simulation to understand mutation accumulation dynamics and genetic load SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2007, PT 2, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2007) CY MAY 27-30, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Data Technol & Knowledge Econ, AMID, Springer, World Sci Publishing, Univ Nebraska, CAS, Grad Univ, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Policy & Management, Univ Amsterdam DE genetic load; Mendel's Accountant; mutation accumulation; population genetics; simulation AB Long-standing theoretical concerns about mutation accumulation within the human population can now be addressed with numerical simulation. We apply a biologically realistic forward-time population genetics program to study human mutation accumulation under a wide-range of circumstances. Using realistic estimates for the relevant biological parameters, we investigate the rate of mutation accumulation, the distribution of the fitness effects of the accumulating mutations, and the overall effect on mean genotypic fitness. Our numerical simulations consistently show that deleterious mutations accumulate linearly across a large portion of the relevant parameter space. This appears to be primarily due to the predominance of nearly-neutral mutations. The problem of mutation accumulation becomes severe when mutation rates are high. Numerical simulations strongly support earlier theoretical and mathematical studies indicating that human mutation accumulation is a serious concern. Our simulations indicate that reduction of mutation rate is the most effective means for addressing this problem. C1 [Sanford, John] Cornell Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Baumgardner, John] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Brewer, Wes] Mississippi State Univ, Compu Engn, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Gibson, Paul] Southern Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Agr Syst, Carbondale, IL USA. [ReMine, Walter] Northwestern Coll, Dept Mat Sci, Orange, NJ USA. RP Sanford, J (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM jcs21@cornell.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-72585-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4488 BP 386 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGH84 UT WOS:000247062900055 ER PT S AU Engelmann, C Ong, H Scott, SL AF Engelmann, Christian Ong, Hong Scott, Stephen L. BE Shi, Y VanAlbada, GD Dongarra, J Sloot, PMA TI Middleware in modern high performance computing system architectures SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2007, PT 2, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2007) CY MAY 27-30, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Data Technol & Knowledge Econ, AMID, Springer, World Sci Publishing, Univ Nebraska, CAS, Grad Univ, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Policy & Management, Univ Amsterdam DE high performance computing; middleware; lean compute node; lightweight operating system AB A recent trend in modern high performance computing (HPC) system architectures employs "lean" compute nodes running a lightweight operating system (OS). Certain parts of the OS as well as other system software services are moved to service nodes in order to increase performance and scalability. This paper examines the impact of this HPC system architecture trend on HPC "middleware" software solutions, which traditionally equip HPC systems with advanced features, such as parallel and distributed programming models, appropriate system resource management mechanisms, remote application steering and user interaction techniques. Since the approach of keeping the compute node software stack small and simple is orthogonal to the middleware concept of adding missing OS features between OS and application, the role and architecture of middleware in modern HPC systems needs to be revisited. The result is a paradigm shift in HPC middleware design, where single middleware services are moved to service nodes, while run-time environments (RTEs) continue to reside on compute nodes. C1 [Engelmann, Christian; Ong, Hong; Scott, Stephen L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Engelmann, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM engelmannc@ornl.gov; hongong@ornl.gov; scottsl@ornl.gov FU Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; U.S. Department of Energy; LLC [De-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research is sponsored by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; U.S. Department of Energy. The work was performed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. De-AC05-00OR22725. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-72585-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4488 BP 784 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGH84 UT WOS:000247062900111 ER PT J AU Bazilevs, Y Calo, VM Cottrell, JA Hughes, TJR Reali, A Scovazzi, G AF Bazilevs, Y. Calo, V. M. Cottrell, J. A. Hughes, T. J. R. Reali, A. Scovazzi, G. TI Variational multiscale residual-based turbulence modeling for large eddy simulation of incompressible flows SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE variational multiscale methods; large eddy simulation; turbulence modeling; optimality; projection; small-scale Green's function; perturbation series; isogeometric analysis; NURBS; incompressible flows; homogeneous isotropic turbulence; turbulent channel flows ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; HOMOGENEOUS ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN METHOD; COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; FINITE-ELEMENT FORMULATION; GENERALIZED-ALPHA METHOD; ISOGEOMETRIC ANALYSIS; B-SPLINE; STABILIZED METHODS; ERROR ESTIMATION AB We present an LES-type variational multiscale theory of turbulence. Our approach derives completely from the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and does not employ any ad hoe devices, such as eddy viscosities. We tested the formulation on forced homogeneous isotropic turbulence and turbulent channel flows. In the calculations, we employed linear, quadratic and cubic NURBS. A dispersion analysis of simple model problems revealed NURBS elements to be superior to classical finite elements in approximating advective and diffusive processes, which play a significant role in turbulence computations. The numerical results are very good and confirm the viability of the theoretical framework. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Inst Computat Engn & Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Pavia, Dept Struct Mech, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Shock & Multi Phys Dept 1431, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bazilevs, Y (reprint author), Univ Texas, Inst Computat Engn & Sci, 201 E 24th St,1 Univ Stn C0200, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM bazily@ices.utexas.edu RI Calo, Victor/B-4685-2010; Reali, Alessandro/D-5065-2011 OI Calo, Victor/0000-0002-1805-4045; Reali, Alessandro/0000-0002-0639-7067 NR 76 TC 338 Z9 340 U1 7 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 EI 1879-2138 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2007 VL 197 IS 1-4 BP 173 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2007.07.016 PG 29 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 235CA UT WOS:000251209900013 ER PT J AU Solberg, JM Jones, RE Papadopoulos, P AF Solberg, Jerome M. Jones, Reese E. Papadopoulos, Panayiotis TI A family of simple two-pass dual formulations for the finite element solution of contact problems SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE finite element method; two-body contact; dual formulation; unbiased method; auto-contact; LBB condition; convergence ID MORTAR METHOD; SOLID MECHANICS AB Simple, stable, unbiased algorithms for two-pass, two-body contact have until now eluded researchers in computational mechanics. This work examines the subject, starting from an interpolation scheme proposed in an earlier work. This method, though stable and unbiased, results in an exceedingly complex algorithm in three-dimensions. Motivated by the need for simplicity, a new formulation of the contact problem is introduced, which results in a family of simple, stable, geometrically unbiased elements. The starting point of these elements is any algorithm which is stable for the Signorini problem. A number of example problems are presented to compare the performance of the elements. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Methods Dev Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Papadopoulos, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, 6131 Etcheverry Hall,Mailstop 1740, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM panos@me.berkeley.edu NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2007 VL 196 IS 4-6 BP 782 EP 802 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2006.05.011 PG 21 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 114EA UT WOS:000242648300005 ER PT J AU Scovazzi, G Christon, MA Hughes, TJR Shadid, JN AF Scovazzi, G. Christon, M. A. Hughes, T. J. R. Shadid, J. N. TI Stabilized shock hydrodynamics: I. A Lagrangian method SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Lagrangian shock hydrodynamics; SUPG stabilization; variational multiscale methods; stabilized methods ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION-LAWS; ADVECTIVE-DIFFUSIVE SYSTEMS; ARTIFICIAL VISCOSITY; INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOWS; COMPRESSIBLE FLOWS; VISCOPLASTIC FLOW; SUPG FORMULATION AB A new SUPG-stabilized formulation for Lagrangian hydrodynamics of materials satisfying Mie-Gruneisen equation of state is proposed. It allows the use of simplex-type (triangular/tetrahedral) meshes as well as the more commonly used brick-type (quadrilateral/ hexahedral) meshes. The proposed method yields a globally conservative formulation, in which equal-order interpolation (P1 or Q1 isoparametric finite elements) is applied to velocities, displacements, and pressure. As a direct consequence, and in contrast to traditional cell-centered multidimensional hydrocode implementations, the proposed formulation allows a natural representation of the pressure gradient on element interiors. The SUPG stabilization involves additional design requirements, specific to the Lagrangian formulation. A discontinuity capturing operator in the form of a Noh-type viscosity with artificial heat flux is used to preserve stability and smoothness of the solution in shock regions. A set of challenging shock hydrodynamics benchmark tests for the Enter equations of gas dynamics in one and two space dimensions is presented. In the two-dimensional case, computations performed on quadrilateral and triangular grids are analyzed and compared. These results indicate that the new formulation is a promising technology for hydrocode applications. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Shock & Multiphys Dept 1431, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. ABAQUS Inc, Providence, RI 02909 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Computat Engn & Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Sci R&D Grp 1437, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Scovazzi, G (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Shock & Multiphys Dept 1431, POB 5800,MS 1319, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gscovaz@sandia.gov NR 56 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2007 VL 196 IS 4-6 BP 923 EP 966 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2006.08.008 PG 44 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 114EA UT WOS:000242648300015 ER PT J AU Scovazzi, G AF Scovazzi, G. TI Stabilized shock hydrodynamics: II. Design and physical interpretation of the SUPG operator for Lagrangian computations SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE variational multiscale methods; stabilized methods; SUPG methods; Lagrangian hydrodynamics; Kuropatenko viscosity; linear viscosity; invariance; Galilean transformations ID FINITE-ELEMENT FORMULATION; INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOWS; COMPRESSIBLE FLOWS; FLUID-DYNAMICS; PARAMETERS; VARIABLES AB A new SUPG-stabilized formulation for Lagrangian Hydrodynamics of materials satisfying the Mie-Gruneisen equation of state was presented in the first paper of the series [G. Scovazzi, M.A. Christon, T.J.R. Hughes, J.N. Shadid, Stabilized shock hydrodynamics: I. A Lagrangian method, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., in press, doi:10.1016/j.cma.2006.08.008]. The present article investigates in more detail the design of the SUPG stabilization operator, focusing on its multiscale and physical interpretations. Connections with the analysis of Kuropatenko [V.F. Kuropatenko, On difference methods for the equations of hydrodynamics, in: N.N. Janenko (Ed.), Difference Methods for Solutions of Problems of Mathematical Physics, 1, American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 1967] for discontinuity-capturing operators in the limit of weak shocks are shown. Galilean invariance requirements for the SUPG operator are explored and corroborated by numerical evidence. This work is intended to elucidate the profound physical significance of the SUPG operator as a subgrid interaction model. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Shock & Multiphys Dept 1431, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Scovazzi, G (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Shock & Multiphys Dept 1431, POB 5800,MS 1319, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gscovaz@sandia.gov NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2007 VL 196 IS 4-6 BP 967 EP 978 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2006.08.009 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 114EA UT WOS:000242648300016 ER PT J AU Gunzburger, MD Peterson, JS Shadid, JN AF Gunzburger, Max D. Peterson, Janet S. Shadid, John N. TI Reduced-order modeling of time-dependent PDEs with multiple parameters in the boundary data SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE reduced-order modeling; multiple parameters; nonlinear partial differential equations ID PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION; CENTROIDAL VORONOI TESSELLATIONS; PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; POSTERIORI ERROR-BOUNDS; BURGERS-EQUATION; REDUCTION; FLOWS; DYNAMICS AB The computational approximation of solutions to nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) such as the Navier-Stokes equations is often a formidable task. For this reason, there is significant interest in the development of very low-dimensional models that can be used to determine reasonably accurate approximations in simulation and control problems for PDEs. Many concrete tests have been reported on in the literature that show that several classes of reduced-order models (ROMs) are effective, i.e., an accurate approximate solution can be obtained using very low-dimensional ROMs. Most of these tests involved problems for which the solution depends on only a single parameter appearing in the boundary data. The extension of the techniques used in those tests to the case of multiple parameters is not a straightforward matter. Here, we present, test, and compare two methods for treating, within the context of a class of ROMs, inhomogeneous Dirichlet-type boundary conditions that contain multiple parameters. In this study, we focus on the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) approach to ROM; however, the issues and results discussed here in the POD context apply equally well to other ROM approaches. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Florida State Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gunzburger, MD (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM gunzburg@csit.fsu.edu; peterson@csit.fsu.edu; jnshadi@sandia.gov NR 50 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2007 VL 196 IS 4-6 BP 1030 EP 1047 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2006.08.004 PG 18 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 114EA UT WOS:000242648300021 ER PT J AU Scovazzi, G AF Scovazzi, G. TI A discourse on Galilean invariance, SUPG stabilization, and the variational multiscale framework SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE variational multiscale methods; stabilized methods; SUPG methods; invariance; Galilean transformations; instabilities ID INCOMPRESSIBLE-FLOW COMPUTATIONS; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; FORMULATIONS; VARIABLES AB Galilean invariance is one of the key requirements of many physical models adopted in theoretical and computational mechanics. Spurred by recent research developments in shock hydrodynamics computations [G. Scovazzi, Stabilized shock hydrodynamics: II. Design and physical interpretation of the SUPG operator for Lagrangian computations. Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., in press, doi:10.1016/j.cma.2006.08.009], a detailed analysis on the principle of Galilean invariance in the context of SUPG operators is presented. It was observed in G. Scovazzi (in press) that lack of Galilean invariance can yield catastrophic instabilities in Lagrangian computations. Here, the analysis develops at a more general level, and an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) formulation is used to explain how to consistently derive Galilean invariant SUPG operators. Stabilization operators for Lagrangian and Eulerian mesh computations are obtained as limits of the stabilization operator for the underlying ALE formulation. In the case of Eulerian meshes, it is shown that most of the SUPG operators designed for compressible flow computations to date are not consistent with Galilean invariance. It is stressed that Galilean invariant SUPG formulations can provide consistent advantages in the context of complex engineering applications, due to the simple modifications needed for their implementation. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Shock & Multiphys Dept 1431, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Scovazzi, G (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Shock & Multiphys Dept 1431, POB 5800,MS 1319, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gscovaz@sandia.gov NR 20 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2007 VL 196 IS 4-6 BP 1108 EP 1132 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2006.08.012 PG 25 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 114EA UT WOS:000242648300026 ER PT J AU Fischer, PF Loth, F Lee, SE Lee, SW Smith, DS Bassiouny, HS AF Fischer, Paul F. Loth, Francis Lee, Seung E. Lee, Sang-Wook Smith, David S. Bassiouny, Hisham S. TI Simulation of high-Reynolds number vascular flows SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE turbulence; vascular flows; parallel computing; spectral elements ID SHEAR-STRESS; ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES; ARTERIOVENOUS GRAFT; CAROTID BIFURCATION; TRANSITIONAL FLOW; ELEMENT METHODS; WALL SHEAR; ARTERIES; GRADIENTS; ENDOTHELIUM AB We describe a spectral element solution strategy for simulation of weakly turbulent vascular flows. Novel approaches for treatment of outflow boundary conditions and flow division are presented. We demonstrate that several million gridpoints are required to obtain converged rms statistics when uniform refinement is used and discuss possible approaches to cost reduction. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Chicago, Vasc Surg Sect, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Fischer, PF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM fischer@mcs.anl.gov RI Loth, Francis/C-1177-2008; Lee, Sang-Wook/C-6666-2011 OI Lee, Sang-Wook/0000-0002-8600-9991 NR 46 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 EI 1879-2138 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2007 VL 196 IS 31-32 BP 3049 EP 3060 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2006.10.015 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 180BO UT WOS:000247335100011 ER PT J AU Parks, ML Romero, L Bochev, P AF Parks, M. L. Romero, L. Bochev, P. TI A novel Lagrange-multiplier based method for consistent mesh tying SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE mesh tying; non-matching interfaces; finite element methods; Lagrange multipliers ID FINITE-ELEMENT MESHES; CURVED INTERFACES AB We propose a novel Lagrange-multiplier method for mesh tying in R 2 that passes a linear patch test for subdomains with non-coincident interfaces. This capability is required in contact problems and finite element analysis of complex bodies that were broken into simpler shapes to aid grid generation, and where independent descriptions of a shared curved boundary may not necessarily match. In mortar methods Lagrange multipliers are defined on one of the sides and field continuity is enforced by projecting data from the other side. For some interface configurations, this approach may fail to pass a linear patch test. In our method constraints express equilibrium of weighted field averages on the non-matching interfaces. As a result, selection of master and slave sides, a projection operator, or additional meshing are not required. Numerical results for several prototype mesh-tying problems illustrate the attractive computational properties of the new method. (c) Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Math & Algorithms, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bochev, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Math & Algorithms, POB 5800,MS 1320, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mlparks@sandia.gov; lromero@sandia.gov; pbboche@sandia.gov RI Parks, Michael/A-2878-2008 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2007 VL 196 IS 35-36 BP 3335 EP 3347 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2007.03.013 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 191DQ UT WOS:000248110700004 ER PT J AU Walsh, TF Reese, GM Hetmaniuk, UL AF Walsh, T. F. Reese, G. M. Hetmaniuk, U. L. TI Explicit a posteriori error estimates for eigenvalue analysis of heterogeneous elastic structures SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE symmetric generalized eigenvalue problem; a posteriori error estimation; linear elasticity ID FINITE-ELEMENT APPROXIMATIONS; ELLIPTIC-EQUATIONS AB An a posteriori error estimator is developed for the eigenvalue analysis of heterogeneous elastic structures. It constitutes an extension of a well-known explicit estimator to heterogeneous structures. We prove that our estimates are independent of the variations in material properties and independent of the polynomial degree of finite elements. Finally, we study numerically the effectivity of this estimator on several model problems. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hetmaniuk, UL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1320, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tfwalsh@sandia.gov; gmreese@sandia.gov; ulhetma@sandia.gov RI Walsh, Toby/Q-9043-2016 OI Walsh, Toby/0000-0003-2998-8668 NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2007 VL 196 IS 37-40 BP 3614 EP 3623 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2006.10.036 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 201RV UT WOS:000248851200012 ER PT J AU Brezzi, F Lipnikov, K Shashkov, M Simoncini, V AF Brezzi, Franco Lipnikov, Konstantin Shashkov, Mikhail Simoncini, Valeria TI A new discretization methodology for diffusion problems on generalized polyhedral meshes SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE finite difference; compatible discretizations; polyhedral meshes ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE METHODS; CONVERGENCE AB We develop a family of inexpensive discretization schemes for diffusion problems on generalized polyhedral meshes with elements having non-planar faces. The material properties are described by a full tensor. We also prove superconvergence for the scalar (pressure) variable under very general assumptions. The theoretical results are confirmed with numerical experiments. In the practically important case of logically cubic meshes with randomly perturbed nodes, the mixed finite element with the lowest order Raviart-Thomas elements does not converge while the proposed mimetic method has the optimal convergence rate. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ist Univ Super, CeSNA, Pavia, Italy. Univ Bologna, Dipartmento Matemat, CIRSA, Ravenna, Italy. IMATI CNR, Pavia, Italy. RP Lipnikov, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM brezzi@imati.cnr.it; lipnikov@lant.gov; shashkov@ianl.gov; valeria@dm.unibo.it RI Brezzi, Franco/D-4362-2009 OI Brezzi, Franco/0000-0003-4715-5475 NR 16 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2007 VL 196 IS 37-40 BP 3682 EP 3692 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2006.10.028 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 201RV UT WOS:000248851200017 ER PT J AU Chen, JS Hu, W Puso, M AF Chen, J. S. Hu, W. Puso, M. TI Orbital HP-Clouds for solving Schrodinger equation in quantum mechanics SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE partition of unity; HP-Clouds; nodal integration; schrodinger equation; quantum mechanics ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; FREE GALERKIN METHODS; DIFFERENCE-PSEUDOPOTENTIAL METHOD; CONFORMING NODAL INTEGRATION; KERNEL PARTICLE METHODS; MESH-FREE METHODS; REPRODUCING KERNEL; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; HYDRODYNAMICS AB Solving Schrodinger equation in quantum mechanics presents a challenging task in numerical methods due to the high order behavior and high dimension characteristics in the wave functions, in addition to the highly coupled nature between wave functions. This work introduces orbital and polynomial enrichment functions to the partition of unity for solution of Schr6dinger equation under the framework of HP-Clouds. An intrinsic enrichment of orbital function and extrinsic enrichment of monomial functions are proposed. Due to the employment of higher order basis functions, a higher order stabilized conforming nodal integration is developed. The proposed methods are implemented using the density functional theory for solution of Schr6dinger equation. Analysis of several single and multi-electron/nucleus structures demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Mech Engn, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. RP Chen, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jschen@seas.ucla.edu; weih@seas.ucla; pusol@llnl.gov NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 EI 1879-2138 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2007 VL 196 IS 37-40 BP 3693 EP 3705 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2006.10.030 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 201RV UT WOS:000248851200018 ER PT J AU Arias, I Knap, J Chalivendra, VB Hong, SS Ortiz, M Rosakis, AJ AF Arias, Irene Knap, Jaroslaw Chalivendra, Vijaya B. Hong, Soonsung Ortiz, Michael Rosakis, Ares J. TI Numerical modelling and experimental validation of dynamic fracture events along weak planes SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE dynamic fracture; large scale simulations; cohesive zone models validation; verification; hopkinson bar; photoelasticity; inverse problem ID COHESIVE-ZONE MODEL; FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; CRACK-GROWTH; VOID NUCLEATION; FATIGUE; PROPAGATION; SIMULATION; POLYMERS; MATRIX; STEEL AB The conceptual simplicity and the ability of cohesive finite element models to describe complex fracture phenomena makes them often the approach of choice to study dynamic fracture. These models have proven to reproduce some experimental features, but to this point, no systematic study has validated their predictive ability; the difficulty in producing a sufficiently complete experimental record, and the intensive computational requirements needed to obtain converged simulations are possible causes. Here, we present a systematic integrated numerical-experimental approach to the verification and validation (V&V) of simulations of dynamic fracture along weak planes. We describe the intertwined computational and the experimental sides of the work, present the V&V results, and extract general conclusions about this kind of integrative approach. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Matemat Aplicada 3, Barcelona 08034, Spain. CALTECH, Grad Aeronaut Labs, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. SE Massachusetts Univ, Dept Mech Engn, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. RP Arias, I (reprint author), Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Matemat Aplicada 3, Barcelona 08034, Spain. EM irene.arias@upc.edu RI Hong, Soonsung/A-4278-2009; Arias, Irene/B-1528-2014 OI Arias, Irene/0000-0002-6761-3499 NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 EI 1879-2138 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2007 VL 196 IS 37-40 BP 3833 EP 3840 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2006.10.052 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 201RV UT WOS:000248851200031 ER PT J AU Doostan, A Ghanem, RG Red-Horse, J AF Doostan, Afireza Ghanem, Roger G. Red-Horse, John TI Stochastic model reduction for chaos representations SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE uncertainty quantification; stochastic finite elements; stochastic model reduction ID PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; GENERALIZED POLYNOMIAL CHAOS; FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; UNCERTAINTY PROPAGATION; SYSTEMS; FLOW; COEFFICIENTS; MEDIA; PDES AB This paper addresses issues of model reduction of stochastic representations and computational efficiency of spectral stochastic Galerkin schemes for the solution of partial differential equations with stochastic coefficients. In particular, an algorithm is developed for the efficient characterization of a lower dimensional manifold occupied by the solution to a stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) in the Hilbert space spanned by Wiener chaos. A description of the stochastic aspect of the problem on two well-separated scales is developed to enable the stochastic characterization on the fine scale using algebraic operations on the coarse scale. With such algorithms at hand, the solution of SPDE's becomes both computationally manageable and efficient. Moreover, a solid foundation is thus provided for the adaptive error control in stochastic Galerkin procedures. Different aspects of the proposed methodology are clarified through its application to an example problem from solid mechanics. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Doostan, A (reprint author), Univ So Calif, 210 KAP Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM doostan@jhu.edu; ghanem@usc.edu; jrredho@sandia.gov RI Ghanem, Roger/B-8570-2008 OI Ghanem, Roger/0000-0002-1890-920X NR 42 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2007 VL 196 IS 37-40 BP 3951 EP 3966 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2006.10.047 PG 16 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 201RV UT WOS:000248851200039 ER PT J AU Estep, D Neckels, D AF Estep, D. Neckels, D. TI Fast methods for determining the evolution of uncertain parameters in reaction-diffusion equations SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE a posteriori error estimation; adaptive sampling; adaptive error control; finite element method; generalized green's function; Monte-Carlo method; parameter error; parameter variation; reaction-diffusion equation; reliable sampling; Stochastic system; sensitivity analysis; uncertainty quantification; variational analysis ID DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS AB An important problem in mathematical modeling in science and engineering is the determination of the effects of uncertainty or variation in parameters and data on the output of a deterministic nonlinear operator. For example, such variations may describe the effect of experimental error in measured parameter values or may arise as part of a sensitivity analysis of the model. The Monte-Carlo method is a widely used tool for determining such effects. It employs random sampling of the input space in order to produce a pointwise representation of the output. It is a robust and easily implemented tool with relatively low dependence on the number of parameters. Unfortunately, it generally requires sampling the operator very many times at a significant cost, especially when the model is expensive to evaluate. Moreover, standard analysis provides only asymptotic or distributional information about the error computed from a particular realization. In this paper, we present an alternative approach for ascertaining the effects of variations and uncertainty in parameters in a reaction diffusion equation on the solution. The approach is based on techniques borrowed from a posteriori error analysis for finite element methods. The aeneralized Green's function solving the adjoint problem is used to efficiently compute the gradient of a quantity of interest with respect to parameters at sample points in the parameter space. This derivative information is used in turn to produce an error estimate for the information computed from the sample points. The error estimate provides the basis for both deterministic and probabilistic adaptive sampling algorithms. The deterministic adaptive sampling method can be orders of magnitude faster than Monte-Carlo sampling in case of a moderate number of parameters. The gradient can also be used to compute useful information that cannot be obtained easily from a Monte-Carlo sample. For example, the adaptive algorithm yields a natural dimensional reduction in the parameter space where applicable. After describing the new methodology in detail, we apply the new method to analyze the parameter sensitivity of a predator-prey model with a Holling II functional response that has six parameters. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Math, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Estep, D (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Math, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM estep@math.colostate.edu; dcnecke@sandia.gov NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2007 VL 196 IS 37-40 BP 3967 EP 3979 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2006.10.048 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 201RV UT WOS:000248851200040 ER PT J AU Helton, JC Johnson, JD Oberkampf, WL Storlie, CB AF Helton, J. C. Johnson, J. D. Oberkampf, W. L. Storlie, C. B. TI A sampling-based computational strategy for the representation of epistemic uncertainty in model predictions with evidence theory SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE dempster-shafer theory; epistemic uncertainty; evidence theory; Monte Carlo; numerical uncertainty propagation; sensitivity analysis; uncertainty analysis ID SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; INPUT VARIABLES; PROBABILITY; SYSTEMS; ASSESSMENTS; SAFETY AB Evidence theory provides an alternative to probability theory for the representation of epistemic uncertainty in model predictions that derives from epistemic uncertainty in model inputs, where the descriptor epistemic is used to indicate uncertainty that derives from a lack of knowledge with respect to the appropriate values to use for various inputs to the model. The potential benefit, and hence appeal, of evidence theory is that it allows a less restrictive specification of uncertainty than is possible within the axiomatic structure on which probability theory is based. Unfortunately, the propagation of an evidence theory representation for uncertainty through a model is more computationally demanding than the propagation of a probabilistic representation for uncertainty, with this difficulty constituting a serious obstacle to the use of evidence theory in the representation of uncertainty in predictions obtained from computationally intensive models. This presentation describes and illustrates a sampling-based computational strategy for the representation of epistemic uncertainty in model predictions with evidence theory. Preliminary trials indicate that the presented strategy can be used to propagate uncertainty representations based on evidence theory in analysis situations where naive sampling-based (i.e., unsophisticated Monte Carlo) procedures are impracticable due to computational cost. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. ProStat, Mesa, AZ 85204 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Helton, JC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1544, MS 0776, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jchelto@sandia.gov RI ming-jui, chang/F-9294-2015 NR 39 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2007 VL 196 IS 37-40 BP 3980 EP 3998 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2006.10.049 PG 19 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 201RV UT WOS:000248851200041 ER PT J AU Fish, J Nuggehally, MA Shephard, MS Picu, CR Badia, S Parks, ML Gunzburger, M AF Fish, Jacob Nuggehally, Mohan A. Shephard, Mark S. Picu, Catalin R. Badia, Santiago Parks, Michael L. Gunzburger, Max TI Concurrent AtC coupling based on a blend of the continuum stress and the atomistic force SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE concurrent multiscale; atomistic to continuum coupling; overlap domain decomposition ID PLASTICITY; DEFECTS; SOLIDS; CRACK; MODEL AB A concurrent atomistic to continuum (AtC) coupling method is presented in this paper. The problem domain is decomposed into an atomistic sub-domain where fine scale features need to be resolved. a continuum sub-domain which can adequately describe the macroscale deformation and an overlap interphase sub-domain that has a blended description of the two. The problem is formulated in terms of equilibrium equations with a blending between the continuum stress and the atomistic force in the interphase. Coupling between the continuum and the atomistics is established by imposing constraints between the continuum solution and the atomistic solution over the interphase sub-domain in a weak sense. Specifically, in the examples considered here, the atomistic domain is modeled by the aluminum embedded atom method (EAM) inter-atomic potential developed by Ercolessi and Adams [F. Ercolessi, J.B. Adams, Interatomic potentials from first-principles calculations: the force-matching method, Europhys. Lett. 26 (1994) 583] and the continuum domain is a linear elastic model consistent with the EAM potential. The formulation is subjected to patch tests to demonstrate its ability to represent the constant strain modes and the rigid body modes. Numerical examples are illustrated with comparisons to reference atomistic solution. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Sci Computat Res Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Florida State Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Fish, J (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Sci Computat Res Ctr, 110 8th St, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM fishj@rpi.edu; nuggehal@scorec.rpi.edu; shephard@scorec.rpi.edu; cpicu@scorec.rpi.edu; sibadia@sandia.gov; mlparks@sandia.gov; gunzburg@csit.fsu.edu RI Parks, Michael/A-2878-2008; Badia, Santiago/L-8565-2014 OI Badia, Santiago/0000-0003-2391-4086 NR 35 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 EI 1879-2138 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2007 VL 196 IS 45-48 BP 4548 EP 4560 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2007.05.020 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 216XW UT WOS:000249913300011 ER PT S AU Lindseth, B Schwindt, P Kitching, J Fischer, D Shusterman, V AF Lindseth, B. Schwindt, P. Kitching, J. Fischer, D. Shusterman, V. GP IEEE TI Non-Contact Measurement of Cardiac Electromagnetic Field in Mice by Use of a Microfabricated Atomic Magnetometer SO COMPUTERS IN CARDIOLOGY 2007, VOL 34 SE Computers in Cardiology Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Conference on Computers in Cardiology CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2007 CL Durham, NC ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; VAPOR CELLS AB The development of clinical applications of magnetocardiography, has been impeded by the large size of the systems used to measure magnetic fields. Here we present the first measurements of the cardiac electromagnetic field with a highly miniaturized (20 mm(3)), atomic magnetometer constructed by microfabrication techniques. Measurements were performed in two mice. The magnetometer Was placed close to the sternum region, approximately 2 mm away from the surface of the skin. QRS complexes were identifiable in the magnetocardiographic signals in all recordings except for those performed when the animal was moved far away (>10 cm) from the sensor. Non- contact recording of cardiac electromagnetic fields with a microfabricated magnetometer is feasible in a shielded environment. C1 [Fischer, D.; Shusterman, V.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Lindseth, B.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Schwindt, P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Lindseth, B.; Schwindt, P.; Kitching, J.] Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Shusterman, V.] PinMed Inc, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Shusterman, V (reprint author), 200 Lothrop St,Room B535, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM shustermanv@upmc.edu FU NIH [HL077116] FX This study was supported in part by NIH grant HL077116 (VS). This work is a partial contribution of NIST and is not subject to copyright. The authors thank S. Knappe for fabricating the alkali vapor cell and useful discussions. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0276-6574 BN 978-1-4244-2533-4 J9 COMPUT CARDIOL PY 2007 VL 34 BP 443 EP + DI 10.1109/CIC.2007.4745517 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Computer Science; Engineering GA BJA59 UT WOS:000264173100112 ER PT J AU Massoudi, M AF Massoudi, Mehrdad TI Boundary conditions in mixture theory and in CFD applications of higher order models SO COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE continuum mechanics; boundary conditions; granular materials; mixture theory ID INCOMPRESSIBLE NEWTONIAN FLUIDS; MOHR-COULOMB CRITERION; RAPID GRANULAR FLOWS; NON-LINEAR DIFFUSION; ANTIGRANULOCYTES MATERIAL; CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONS; STRESS CALCULATIONS; CONTINUUM-THEORIES; BINARY MIXTURE; INCLINED PLANE AB We discuss the importance of and the need for (additional) boundary conditions in Mixture Theory (also known as the Theory of Interacting Continua). Specifically, we will give an overview of the model due to Rajagopal and Massoudi which is appropriate for the flow of a linearly viscous fluid infused with solid particles. The solid particles are modeled as granular materials. In this formulation the need for additional boundary condition arises due to higher gradients of density (or volume fraction). The challenging issue of how to 'split' the total stress or the total velocity at the boundary is also discussed. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Massoudi, M (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM Massoudi@neti.doe.gov NR 80 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0898-1221 EI 1873-7668 J9 COMPUT MATH APPL JI Comput. Math. Appl. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 53 IS 2 BP 156 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.camwa.2006.02.016 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 172SK UT WOS:000246824200002 ER PT J AU Zhu, HN Mehrabadi, MM Massoudi, M AF Zhu, Huaning Mehrabadi, Morteza M. Massoudi, Mehrdad TI The frictional flow of a dense granular material based on the dilatant double shearing model SO COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE dilatant double shearing model; granular materials; constitutive relations; Silo flow; Couette flow; DEM ID MOHR-COULOMB CRITERION; WEDGE-SHAPED HOPPER; CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONS; EQUATIONS; SLOW; MECHANICS; POWDERS; WALL AB Slow flow of granular materials, which typically occurs during the emptying of industrial storage hoppers and bins, has great industrial relevance. In the present study, we have employed our newly developed dilatant double shearing model [H. Zhu, M.M. Mehrabadi, M. Massoudi, Incorporating the effects of fabric in the dilatant double shearing model for granular materials, Int. J. Plast. 22 (2006) 628-653] to study the slow flow of a frictional, dense granular material. Although most models pertain only to the fully developed granular flow, the application of the dilatant double shearing model is shown to be valid from the onset of granular flow to the fully developed granular flow. In this paper, we use the finite element program ABAQUS/Explicit to numerically simulate the granular Couette flow and the frictional granular flow in a silo. For the granular Couette flow, the relative density variation and the velocity profile obtained by using the dilatant double shearing model are in good quantitative agreement with those obtained from a DEM simulation. For the frictional flow in a silo, the major principal stress directions are obtained at various time steps after the onset of silo discharge. We find that, in the hopper zone, the arching of the granular material between the sloping hopper walls is clearly demonstrated by the change in direction of the major principal stress. We also compare the pressure distribution along the wall before and after the onset of silo discharge. The numerical results show that the dilatant double shearing model is capable of capturing the essential features of the frictional granular flow. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tulane Univ, Dept Mech Engn, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Mehrabadi, MM (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Mech Engn, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM mmm@tulane.edu NR 43 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0898-1221 EI 1873-7668 J9 COMPUT MATH APPL JI Comput. Math. Appl. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 53 IS 2 BP 244 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.camwa.2006.02.054 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 172SK UT WOS:000246824200009 ER PT S AU Bodlaender, HL Fellows, MR Langston, MA Ragan, MA Rosamond, FA Weyer, M AF Bodlaender, Hans L. Fellows, Michael R. Langston, Michael A. Ragan, Mark A. Rosamond, Frances A. Weyer, Mark BE Lin, G TI Quadratic kernelization for convex recoloring of trees SO COMPUTING AND COMBINATORICS, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual International Conference on Computing and Combinatorics (COCOON 2007) CY JUL 16-16, 2007 CL Banff, CANADA SP Univ Alberta, Dept Comp Sci, Informat Circle Res Excellence ID FEEDBACK VERTEX SET; APPROXIMATION; ALGORITHMS; KERNEL; GRAPHS AB The CONVEX RECOLORING (CR) problem measures how far a tree of characters differs from exhibiting a so-called "perfect phylogeny". For input consisting of a vertex-colored tree T, the problem is to determine whether recoloring at most k vertices can achieve a convex coloring, meaning by this a coloring where each color class induces a connected subtree. The problem was introduced by Moran and Snir, who showed that CR is NP-hard, and described a search-tree based FPT algorithm with a running time of O(k(k/log k)(k)n(4)). The Moran and Snir result did not provide any nontrivial kernelization. Subsequently, a kernelization with a large polynomial bound was established. Here we give the strongest FPT results to date on this problem: (1) We show that in polynomial time, a problem kernel of size O(k(2)) can be obtained, and (2) We prove that the problem can be solved in linear time for fixed k. The technique used to establish the second result appears to be of general interest and applicability for bounded treewidth problems. C1 [Bodlaender, Hans L.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Informat & Comp Sci, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Fellows, Michael R.; Rosamond, Frances A.] Univ Newcastle, Parameterized Complex Res Unit, Off DVC Res, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. [Fellows, Michael R.; Ragan, Mark A.; Rosamond, Frances A.] Australian Res Council Ctr Bioinformat, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. [Langston, Michael A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Langston, Michael A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ragan, Mark A.] Univ Queensland, Inst Mol Biosci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Weyer, Mark] Humboldt Univ, Inst Informat, Berlin, Germany. RP Bodlaender, HL (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Dept Informat & Comp Sci, Utrecht, Netherlands. EM hansb@cs.uu.nl; michael.fellows@newcastle.edu.au; langston@cs.utk.edu; m.ragan@imb.uq.edu.au; frances.rosamond@newcastle.edu.au; mark.weyer@informatik.hu-berlin.de RI Bodlaender, Hans/F-6377-2011; Ragan, Mark/A-9825-2014; Rosamond, Frances/D-5588-2013; OI Ragan, Mark/0000-0003-1672-7020; Rosamond, Frances/0000-0002-5097-9929; Fellows, Michael/0000-0002-6148-9212 FU Australian Research Council Centre inBioinformatics; U.S. National Science Foundation [CCR0311500]; U.S. National Institutes of Health [1-P01-DA-015027-01, 5-U01-AA-013512-02, 1-R01-MH-074460-01]; U.S. Department of Energy under the EPSCoR Laboratory Partnership Program; European Commission under the Sixth Framework Programme; Institute of Advanced Studies at Durham University FX This research has been supported by the Australian Research Council Centre inBioinformatics, by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grant CCR0311500,by the U.S. National Institutes of Health under grants 1-P01-DA-015027-01, 5-U01-AA-013512-02 and 1-R01-MH-074460-01, by the U.S. Department of Energy under the EPSCoR Laboratory Partnership Program and by the European Commission under the Sixth Framework Programme. The second and fifth authors have been supported by a Fellowship to the Institute of Advanced Studies at Durham University,and hosted by aWilliam Best Fellowship to Grey College during the preparation of the paper. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-73544-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4598 BP 86 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BGL05 UT WOS:000248102000008 ER PT J AU Shadwick, BA AF Shadwick, Bradley A. TI The role of computation in physics SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shadwick, BA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM shadwick@mailaps.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 9 IS 1 BP 101 EP 103 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 119FI UT WOS:000242997800018 ER PT S AU Ding, M de Jong, BHWS AF Ding, M. de Jong, B. H. W. S. BE Sarkar, D Datta, R Hannigan, R TI Characterizing the surface chemistry of oxides with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: Assessment regarding surface oxygen valence charge and acid-base properties SO CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ZERO CHARGE; ALUMINATE TETRAHEDRA; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; POINTS; ELECTRONEGATIVITY; POLYMERIZATION; HYDROXIDES; SILICATE; GLASSES; H6SI2O7 AB Variations in valence charge of surficial O (Oxygen) atoms in a compound may be calculated from shifts in the O1s binding energies. Using the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) photoelectron database, a consistent set of charges for O atoms in oxides can be made. It uses as reference frame a theoretical chemical procedure that incorporates a spherical potential around an O atom to account for the field generated by the surrounding atoms in a compound. The complete database indicates no strong correlations between calculated surface O charges and electronegativity, bulk or surface acid-base properties, points of zero charge or refractive index. To account for the large differences in surface acid-base properties, a detailed partitioning of charge on the O atom isolated from the surrounding atoms, a so-called atom in molecule assignment, rather than overall charge transfer must be invoked. It implies that the electron density associated with the O atomic orbitals in a molecular orbital must be partitioned between a bonded and a non-bonded part. The ratio between these two parts of the overall electron density varies, depending on the nature of the interaction between a specific metal atom and the O atoms in its coordination sphere. For silicates, this ratio is reasonably well established. Quantifying it from first principles for other metal-oxide moieties requires additional molecular orbital calculations. C1 [Ding, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [de Jong, B. H. W. S.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Earth Sci, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Ding, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-054973-6; 978-0-08-046522-7 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2007 VL 5 BP 665 EP 683 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(07)05030-9 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCL09 UT WOS:000310534300031 ER PT J AU Kalyuzhnyi, YV Protsykevitch, IA Cummings, PT AF Kalyuzhnyi, Yu. V. Protsykevitch, I. A. Cummings, P. T. TI Liquid-gas phase behavior of Stockmayer fluid with high dipolar moment SO CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Stockmayer fluid; phase diagram; association; dipole moment ID INTEGRAL-EQUATION THEORY; THERMODYNAMIC PERTURBATION-THEORY; DIRECTIONAL ATTRACTIVE FORCES; LENNARD-JONES FLUIDS; SIMPLE POLAR FLUIDS; BRIDGE FUNCTION; HARD-SPHERES; MIXTURES AB A multi-density version of the thermodynamic perturbation theory for associative fluids with central force associative potential is developed. The theory is used to describe the liquid-gas phase behavior of Stochmayer fluid with different values of the dipole moment ranging from low to high. Results of the theory are in a reasonable agreement with corresponding computer simulation results in a whole range of the dipole moment values studied. Contrary to previous computer simulation findings our calculations predict the occurrence of the liquid-gas phase coexistence for the soft-sphere dipole fluid model. C1 [Kalyuzhnyi, Yu. V.; Protsykevitch, I. A.] Inst Condensed Matter Phys, UA-79011 Lvov, Ukraine. [Cummings, P. T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Cummings, P. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Nanomat Theory Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Kalyuzhnyi, YV (reprint author), Inst Condensed Matter Phys, Svientsitskoho 1, UA-79011 Lvov, Ukraine. RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS NATL ACAD SCIENCES UKRAINE PI LVIV PA 1 SVIENTSITSKII STR, LVIV, 79011, UKRAINE SN 1607-324X J9 CONDENS MATTER PHYS JI Condens. Matter Phys. PY 2007 VL 10 IS 4 BP 553 EP 562 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 250IV UT WOS:000252294200007 ER PT B AU Ortiz, RG Dukelsky, J AF Ortiz, Raymond G. Dukelsky, J. BE Akai, H Hosaka, A Toki, H Malik, FB TI What is a Cooper pair? SO CONDENSED MATTER THEORIES, VOL 21 SE CONDENSED MATTER THEORIES (NOVA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Workshop on Condensed Matter Theories (CMT 30) CY SEP 13-17, 2005 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Osaka Univ, Phys Dept ID BOSE-CONDENSATION; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; BCS; CROSSOVER; MODELS C1 [Ortiz, Raymond G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ortiz, RG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Dukelsky, Jorge/I-1118-2015 OI Dukelsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7715-5487 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60021-501-8 J9 CONDENSED MATT THEOR PY 2007 VL 21 BP 133 EP 145 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHR55 UT WOS:000255679700012 ER PT S AU Du, Z Ozpineci, B Tolbert, LM Chiasson, JN AF Du, Zhong Ozpineci, Burak Tolbert, Leon M. Chiasson, John N. GP IEEE TI Inductorless DC-AC Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Boost Inverter for Electric/Hybrid Electric Vehicle Applications SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2007 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE FORTY-SECOND IAS ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS. 1-5 SE IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Industry-Applications-Society CY SEP 23-27, 2007 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Ind Applicat Soc ID HARMONIC ELIMINATION; GENERALIZED TECHNIQUES; THYRISTOR INVERTERS; MODULATION INDEXES; VOLTAGE CONTROL; CONVERTERS AB This paper presents an inductorless cascaded H-bridge multilevel boost inverter for EV and HEV applications. Currently available power inverter systems for HEVs use a DC-DC boost converter to boost the battery voltage for a traditional 3-phase inverter. The present HEV traction drive inverters have low power density, are expensive, and have low efficiency because they need a bulky inductor. An inductorless cascaded H-bridge multilevel boost inverter for EV and HEV applications is proposed in this paper. Traditionally, each H-bridge needs a DC power supply. The proposed inductorless cascaded R-bridge multilevel boost inverter uses a standard 3-leg inverter (one leg for each phase) and an H-bridge in series with each inverter leg which uses a capacitor as the DC power source. Fundamental switching scheme is used to do modulation control and to produce a 5-level phase voltage. Experiments show that the proposed inductorless DC-AC cascaded H-bridge multilevel boost inverter can output a boosted AC voltage. C1 [Du, Zhong; Ozpineci, Burak; Tolbert, Leon M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Power Elect & Elect Machinery Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Du, Z (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Power Elect & Elect Machinery Res Ctr, 2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. OI Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X NR 23 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 978-1-4244-1260-0 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2007 BP 603 EP 608 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BIK96 UT WOS:000260446900088 ER PT S AU Tang, LX Su, GJ AF Tang, Lixin Su, Gui-Jia GP IEEE TI An Interleaved, Reduced Component Count, Multi-Voltage Bus DC/DC Converter For Fuel Cell Powered Electric Vehicle Applications SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2007 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE FORTY-SECOND IAS ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS. 1-5 SE IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Industry-Applications-Society CY SEP 23-27, 2007 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE dc/dc converter; fuel cell vehicle power management AB An interleaved, reduced component count dc/dc converter is proposed for power management in fuel cell powered vehicles with a multi-voltage electric net. The converter is based on a simplified topology and can handle more power with less ripple current therefore reducing the capacitor requirements, making it more suited for fuel cell powered vehicles in the near future. A prototype rated at 4.3 kW was built and tested to verify the proposed topology. C1 [Tang, Lixin] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Tang, LX (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RI Tang, Lixin/B-9242-2009 OI Tang, Lixin/0000-0001-8361-8196 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 978-1-4244-1260-0 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2007 BP 616 EP 621 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BIK96 UT WOS:000260446900090 ER PT S AU Olson, ER Lorenz, RD AF Olson, Erik R. Lorenz, Robet D. GP IEEE TI Effective Use of Miniature, Multi-point, Field-based Current Sensors Without Magnetic Cores SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2007 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE FORTY-SECOND IAS ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS. 1-5 SE IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Industry-Applications-Society CY SEP 23-27, 2007 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE Field Detector; Giant Magnetoresistance; Integrated Current Sensor; Field Decoupling AB A methodology for decoupling cross-coupled fields in compact, integrated current sensor arrays is presented. The compactness of the current sensor array elements is made possible by using highly, sensitive field detectors based upon Giant Magnetoresistive (GMR) technology, which offers galvanic isolation, small size (similar to mm(2)) and high bandwidth (>1 MHz). By using known geometric relations between the conductor geometries and locations of the field detectors, cross-coupled magnetic field signals can be used to extract necessary current signals, as well as separate unknown disturbance fields. This methodology can also be used to simplify the magnetic biasing requirements of GMR Field detectors, including decoupling of the temperature dependence of the biasing magnet. Moreover, the methodology also can be extended to estimate the temperature of the magnet to provide an extra temperature signal for thermal management algorithms. C1 [Olson, Erik R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Olson, ER (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 978-1-4244-1260-0 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2007 BP 1426 EP 1433 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BIK96 UT WOS:000260446900212 ER PT S AU O'Gorman, T Stephens, D Bohn, T Carlson, R AF O'Gorman, Tony Stephens, Dennis Bohn, Ted Carlson, Richard GP IEEE TI Automotive Alternator Synchronous Rectification Via Self-Sensing Method for Improved Vehicle Fuel Consumption SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2007 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE FORTY-SECOND IAS ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS. 1-5 SE IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Industry-Applications-Society CY SEP 23-27, 2007 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE Automotive alternator; switched-mode rectifier; controlled rectifier; Lundell alternator; fuel economymeasurement; self-sensing position estimation AB This paper presents the improvement in fuel consumption which results when the standard diode rectification scheme is compared to synchronous rectification for a standard automotive alternator. These two alternator rectification methods are compared when the alternator is installed in a 'small' vehicle and run over a standard federal urban driving cycle. This paper shows that a more efficient rectification scheme will have a measurable impact on fuel consumption for a smaller vehicle. Accessory loads are more significant for small vehicles since these loads are a greater percentage of total power needed to propel the vehicle. A simple rotor position self-sensing method is used to determine when to switch the synchronous rectifiers and thereby emulate the operation of standard diodes. C1 [O'Gorman, Tony; Stephens, Dennis] Continental Automot, 21440 W Lake Cook Rd, Deer Pk, IL 60010 USA. [Bohn, Ted; Carlson, Richard] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP O'Gorman, T (reprint author), Continental Automot, 21440 W Lake Cook Rd, Deer Pk, IL 60010 USA. EM Tony.OGorman@us.contiautomotive.com; Dennis.Stephens@us.contiautomotive.com; tbohn@.anl.gov; rwcarlson@anl.gov NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 978-1-4244-1260-0 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2007 BP 1726 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BIK96 UT WOS:000260446901022 ER PT B AU May, EE AF May, Elebeoba E. BE Matthews, MB TI Bits and bases: An analysis of genetic information paradigms SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE FORTY-FIRST ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 04-07, 2007 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, ATK Miss Res, IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE biological coding theory; genetic information; channel capacity; mutation ID ERROR-CORRECTING CODE; MOLECULAR MACHINES; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; DNA AB The objective of this work is to form a general understanding of biological communication mechanisms by applying Shannon information theory and coding theory concepts to study the complex system of information transmission in biological organisms. We assess the viability of a biological coding theory framework by exploring coding theoretic characteristics of the genetic system that parallel traditional communication systems. We present results of channel capacity studies for prokaryotic and eukaryotic replication processes and explore connections between capacity and cellular aging. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Discrete Math & Complex Syst Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP May, EE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Discrete Math & Complex Syst Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2109-1 PY 2007 BP 165 EP 169 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHX25 UT WOS:000257172900030 ER PT B AU Brislawn, CM AF Brislawn, Christopher M. BE Matthews, MB TI Equivalence of symmetric pre-extension and lifting step extension in the JPEG 2000 standard SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE FORTY-FIRST ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 04-07, 2007 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, ATK Miss Res, IEEE Signal Proc Soc ID FILTER BANKS; COMPRESSION; TRANSFORMS AB Symmetric extension, traditionally implemented as a pre-processing step, is a popular method of handling image boundaries in subband image coding schemes. With the advent of lifting factorizations, however, a second strategy for boundary handling consists of extending the input signal's polyphase components as part of each lifting step. Both methods are employed in the ISO/IEC JPEG 2000 standard: symmetric pre-extension in Part I and lifting step extension in Part 2 of the standard. We present a system-level framework for analyzing both classes of schemes that can be used to prove mathematical equivalence of the two approaches. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Computat & Stat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brislawn, CM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Computat & Stat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2109-1 PY 2007 BP 2105 EP 2109 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHX25 UT WOS:000257172901137 ER PT J AU Steinwart, I AF Steinwart, Ingo TI How to compare different loss functions and their risks SO CONSTRUCTIVE APPROXIMATION LA English DT Article DE statistical learning theory; loss funtions; surrogate loss functions; classification; regression; density estimation; density level sets ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES; CLASSIFICATION METHODS; DENSITY CONTOUR; CONSISTENCY AB Many learning problems are described by a risk functional which in turn is defined by a loss function, and a straightforward and widely known approach to learn such problems is to minimize a (modified) empirical version of this risk functional. However, in many cases this approach suffers from substantial problems such as computational requirements in classification or robustness concerns in regression. In order to resolve these issues many successful learning algorithms try to minimize a (modified) empirical risk of a surrogate loss function, instead. Of course, such a surrogate loss must be "reasonably related" to the original loss function since otherwise this approach cannot work well. For classification good surrogate loss functions have been recently identified, and the relationship between the excess classification risk and the excess risk of these surrogate loss functions has been exactly described. However, beyond the classification problem little is known on good surrogate loss functions up to now. In this work we establish a general theory that provides powerful tools for comparing excess risks of different loss functions. We then apply this theory to several learning problems including (cost-sensitive) classification, regression, density estimation, and density level detection. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Informat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Steinwart, I (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Informat Grp, CCS-3,MSB 256, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ingo@lanl.gov OI Steinwart, Ingo/0000-0002-4436-7109 NR 36 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0176-4276 J9 CONSTR APPROX JI Constr. Approx. PY 2007 VL 26 IS 2 BP 225 EP 287 DI 10.1007/s00365-006-0662-3 PG 63 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 180QP UT WOS:000247380900005 ER PT J AU Quigg, C AF Quigg, Chris TI Higgs bosons, electroweak symmetry breaking, and the physics of the Large Hadron Collider SO CONTEMPORARY PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID STANDARD MODEL; BROKEN SYMMETRIES; WEAK-INTERACTIONS; PARTICLE PHYSICS; UNIFIED THEORY; NOBEL LECTURE; MASS; CONSTRAINTS; CURRENTS; MATTER AB The Large Hadron Collider, a 7 circle plus 7 TeV proton - proton collider under construction at CERN (the European Laboratory for Particle Physics in Geneva), will take experiments squarely into a new energy domain where mysteries of the electroweak interaction will be unveiled. What marks the 1 TeV scale as an important target? Why is understanding how the electroweak symmetry is hidden important to our conception of the world around us? What expectations do we have for the agent that hides the electroweak symmetry? Why do particle physicists anticipate a great harvest of discoveries within reach of the LHC? C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. CERN, Dept Phys, Theory Grp, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RP Quigg, C (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM quigg@fnal.gov NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0010-7514 J9 CONTEMP PHYS JI Contemp. Phys. PY 2007 VL 48 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1080/00107510701292187 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 204RA UT WOS:000249060500001 ER PT J AU Nieto, MM Anderson, JD AF Nieto, Michael Martin Anderson, John D. TI Search for a solution of the Pioneer anomaly SO CONTEMPORARY PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID LONG-RANGE ACCELERATION; SOLAR-SYSTEM; ULYSSES DATA; PROSAIC EXPLANATION; DISTANT SPACECRAFT; MASS-DISTRIBUTION; GALILEO; WEAK; JUPITER; FIELD AB In 1972 and 1973 the Pioneer 10 and 11 missions were launched. They were the first to explore the outer solar system and achieved stunning breakthroughs in deep-space exploration. But beginning in about 1980 an unmodelled force of similar to 8x10(-8) cm s(-2), directed approximately towards the Sun, appeared in the tracking signal. It later was unambiguously verified as being in the data and not an artefact. The cause remains unknown (although radiant heat remains a likely origin). With time more and more effort has gone into understanding this anomaly (and also possibly related effects). We review the situation and describe ongoing programmes to resolve the issue. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Global Aerosp Corp, Altadena, CA 91001 USA. RP Nieto, MM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mmn@lanl.gov; John.D.Anderson@gaerospace.com NR 67 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0010-7514 EI 1366-5812 J9 CONTEMP PHYS JI Contemp. Phys. PY 2007 VL 48 IS 1 BP 41 EP 54 DI 10.1080/00107510701462061 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 204RA UT WOS:000249060500004 ER PT J AU Sengebusch, A Glenzer, SH Kritcher, AL Reinholz, H Ropke, G AF Sengebusch, A. Glenzer, S. H. Kritcher, A. L. Reinholz, H. Roepke, G. TI Shift of ClK alpha and K-beta lines in laser produced dense plasmas SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Physics of Nonideal Plasmas CY SEP 04-08, 2006 CL Darmstadt, GERMANY DE plasma spectroscopy; shift of spectral lines; ion sphere model ID SPECTRAL-LINES; SCATTERING AB The features of chlorine K-lines have been investigated to develop X-ray probes for Compton scattering on warm dense plasmas. The shapes of these spectral lines have been studied at different laser energies by irradiation of thin saran foils by an intense ultra-short-pulse laser beam. The observed positions of K-alpha and K-beta lines undergo a red shift due to a laser induced plasma environment. With increasing intensities the shift changes direction and turns into a blue shift caused by a higher contribution of K-transitions occuring in further excited or ionized atoms. A theoretical approach based on the self-consistent ion sphere model is outlined to describe this inversion. Plasma polarization effects are taken into account as well as different ionization stages of the X-ray emitter within a warm dense plasma. Calculations using an improved ion sphere ansatz show good agreement with observations of the line shifts. (c) 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. RP Sengebusch, A (reprint author), Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. EM andrea.sengebusch@uni-rostock.de NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2007 VL 47 IS 4-5 BP 309 EP 314 DI 10.1002/ctpp.200710041 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 190QO UT WOS:000248074200014 ER PT J AU Schwarz, V Bornath, T Kraeft, WD Glenzer, SH Holl, A Redmer, R AF Schwarz, V. Bornath, Th. Kraeft, W.-D. Glenzer, S. H. Hoell, A. Redmer, R. TI Hypernetted chain calculations for two-component plasmas SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Physics of Nonideal Plasmas CY SEP 04-08, 2006 CL Darmstadt, GERMANY DE integral equations; static structure factor; two-component plasma; non-equilibrium ID STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; EQUATION; DENSITY; FLUIDS; STATE AB We have performed HNC calculations for dense beryllium plasma as studied experimentally using x-ray Thomson scattering, recently. We treated non-equilibrium situations with different electron and ion temperatures which are relevant in pump-probe experiments on ultra-short time scales. To consider quantum effects adequately, we used effective pair potentials to describe the interactions. Results are compared with classical as well as quantum corrected Debye model calculations. (c) 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Inst Phys, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Schwarz, V (reprint author), Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. EM volker.schwarz@uni-rostock.de RI Redmer, Ronald/F-3046-2013; OI Bornath, Thomas/0000-0003-2831-2586 NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 EI 1521-3986 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2007 VL 47 IS 4-5 BP 324 EP 330 DI 10.1002/ctpp.200710043 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 190QO UT WOS:000248074200016 ER PT J AU Umansky, MV AF Umansky, M. V. TI On ideal stability of cylindrical localized interchange modes SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE plasma interchange modes; stability criterion ID INSTABILITY AB Stability of cylindrical localized ideal pressure-driven interchange plasma modes is revisited. Converting the underlying eigenvalue problem into the form of the Schrodinger equation gives a new simple way of deriving the Suydam stability criterion and calculating the growth rates of unstable modes. Near the marginal stability limit the growth rate is exponentially small and the mode has a double-peak structure. (C) 2007 WILEYNCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Umansky, MV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM umansky@llnl.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2007 VL 47 IS 6 BP 447 EP 450 DI 10.1002/ctpp.200710058 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 217XM UT WOS:000249980600005 ER PT S AU Jarzynski, C AF Jarzynski, C. BE Linke, H Mansson, A TI Nonequilibrium fluctuations of a single biomolecule SO CONTROLLED NANOSCALE MOTION SE Lecture Notes in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 131st Nobel Symposium on Controlled Nanoscale Motion in Biological and Artificial Systems CY JUN 13-17, 2005 CL Backaskog Slott, SWEDEN SP Nobel Fdn ID FREE-ENERGY DIFFERENCES; STOCHASTIC DYNAMICS; JARZYNSKI EQUALITY; STEADY-STATES; EQUILIBRIUM; THEOREM; SYSTEMS AB In recent years it has been realized that equilibrium information is subtly encoded in the fluctuations of a microscopic system that is driven away from equilibrium, such as a biomolecule stretched irreversibly using optical tweezers. The key to decoding this information resides in the external work, W, performed on the system. I will give a brief summary of three theoretical predictions that relate nonequilibrium statistical fluctuations in W to equilibrium properties of the system, and which remain valid even in the far-from-equilibrium limit. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jarzynski, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-13,MS B213, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cjarzyns@umd.edu NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8450 BN 978-3-540-49521-5 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2007 VL 711 BP 201 EP 216 PG 16 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BFZ69 UT WOS:000245665200010 ER PT J AU Isaacs, HS Looi, YM de Wit, JHW AF Isaacs, H. S. Looi, Y. M. de Wit, J. H. W. TI Behavior of laser welded steel in chloride solution studied using difference imaging SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Progress in Corrosion Research CY SEP 14-16, 2005 CL Hokkaide Univ, Sapporo, JAPAN SP Hokkaide Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Japan Soc Corros Engn, Hokkaido Govt, Sapporo City HO Hokkaide Univ DE steel; imaging; pitting; passive films; laser welding ID ANODIC OXIDE-FILM; LOCALIZED CORROSION; BORATE BUFFER; IRON; GROWTH AB in situ imaging techniques in conjunction with electrochemical measurements were used to study the behavior of steel surfaces in simple chloride solutions. The imaging method detected the presence of significantly thicker uniform layers than the original passive oxide. The layers were found to form in chloride after the steel was anodically polarized following reduction of the passive oxide film. The growth of the layer depended on the degree of prior passive oxide reduction. Formation of the layer was also sensitive to underlying structure and enabled rapid location of regions of higher corrosion rate across laser welds in steels. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NIMR, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands. Delft Univ Technol, NL-2628 AL Delft, Netherlands. RP Isaacs, HS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM Isaacs@bnl.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 49 IS 1 BP 53 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.corsci.2006.05.022 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 128TA UT WOS:000243680400007 ER PT S AU Ripamonti, E Tolstoy, E Helmi, A Battaglia, G Abel, T AF Ripamonti, E. Tolstoy, E. Helmi, A. Battaglia, G. Abel, T. BE Emsellem, E Wozniak, H Massacrier, G Gonzalez, JF Devriendt, J Champavert, N TI Numerical simulations of the metallicity distribution in dwarf spheroidal galaxies SO CRAL-2006 CHEMODYNAMICS: FROM FIRST STARS TO LOCAL GALAXIES SE EAS Publications Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CRAL International Conference on Chemodynamics - From First Stars to Local Galaxies CY JUL 10-14, 2006 CL Lyon, FRANCE SP Ctr Astrophys Res Lyon ID STARS AB Recent observations show that the number of stars with very low metallicities in the dwarf spheroidal satellites of the Milky Way is low, despite the low average metallicities of stars in these systems. We undertake numerical simulations of star formation and metal enrichment of dwarf galaxies in order to verify whether this result can be reproduced with "standard" assumptions. The answer is likely to be negative, unless some selection bias against very low metallicity stars is present in the observations. C1 [Ripamonti, E.; Tolstoy, E.; Helmi, A.; Battaglia, G.] Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AB Groningen, Netherlands. [Abel, T.] Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ripamonti, E (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AB Groningen, Netherlands. EM ripa@astro.rug.nl OI Battaglia, Giuseppina/0000-0002-6551-4294 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1633-4760 BN 978-2-7598-0013-1 J9 EAS PUBLICATIONS PY 2007 VL 24 BP 15 EP + DI 10.1051/eas:2007051 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGJ36 UT WOS:000247414600002 ER PT J AU Atcheson, J AF Atcheson, John BE Moser, SC Dilling, L TI The market as messenger: sending the right signals SO CREATING A CLIMATE FOR CHANGE: COMMUNICATING CLIMATE CHANGE AND FACILITATING SOCIAL CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US DOE, Off Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Atcheson, J (reprint author), US DOE, Off Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-52186-923-2 PY 2007 BP 339 EP 358 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511535871.025 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511535871 PG 20 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BXV80 UT WOS:000297303600025 ER PT J AU Cao, WQ Duan, YX AF Cao, Wenqing Duan, Yixiang TI Current status of methods and techniques for breath analysis SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE breath analysis; noninvasive detection; analytical methods; clinical diagnosis ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; REACTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI INFECTION; ION FLOW TUBE; TRACE GAS-ANALYSIS; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; NITRIC-OXIDE MEASUREMENTS; EXHALED-BREATH; PTR-MS; AIRWAY INFLAMMATION AB Due to the great potentials in clinical diagnosis, disease state monitoring, and environmental exposure assessment, the breath test is becoming one of the most desirable noninvasive procedures for clinical diagnostics. This article reviews the technical aspects of breath analysis including sample collection, analyte preconcentration, vapor desorption, and various measurement techniques, as well as some recent developments in the field. Because the exhaled breath is affected by the composition of ambient air, the elimination of background influence on the analyte detection is also discussed. Both advantages and major obstacles of breath analysis techniques in clinical practice are presented and summarized. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Duan, YX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS K484, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM yduan@lanl.gov NR 123 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 6 U2 42 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8347 EI 1547-6510 J9 CRIT REV ANAL CHEM JI Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1 BP 3 EP 13 DI 10.1080/10408340600976499 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 135GR UT WOS:000244142600001 ER PT J AU Kunkel, M Vuyisich, M Gnanakaran, G Bruening, GE Dandekar, AM Civerolo, E Marchalonis, JJ Gupta, G AF Kunkel, Meghan Vuyisich, Momchilo Gnanakaran, Gnana Bruening, George E. Dandekar, Abhaya M. Civerolo, Edwin Marchalonis, John J. Gupta, Goutam TI Rapid clearance of bacteria and their toxins: Development of therapeutic proteins SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium of Immunobiology CY SEP 21-23, 2006 CL Tahoe City, CA DE antimicrobials; chimera; pathogens; toxins ID ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; ANTHRAX TOXIN; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; CELL-INTERACTIONS; RESISTANCE; HOST; DEFENSINS; RECEPTOR; SUPERANTIGEN; PATHOGENESIS AB The emergence of pathogens and toxins with resistance against conventional drugs, vaccines, and host defense peptides and proteins warrants novel countermeasures that can efficiently capture and rapidly clear them. This article examines the utility of chimeric proteins with capture and clearance domains as a novel countermeasure against pathogens and their toxins. The capture and clearance domains are chosen from the large repertoire of host defense peptides and proteins. Although individual capture and clearance domains are rendered ineffective by pathogenic resistance mechanisms, chimeric scaffolds can be designed to retain their antimicrobial activity, even in the face of pathogenic resistance. Here, initial studies on the design of chimeric proteins targeted against (1) intact bacteria such as Xylella fastidiosa (plant pathogens), Salmonella spp. (food-borne pathogens), and Stapbylococcus aureus (blood-borne pathogens); and (2) lethal toxins from Bacillus anthracis are described. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Grp B1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93468 USA. Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. RP Gupta, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Grp B1, Mail Stop M888,TA-43,Bldg HRL-1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gxg@lanl.gov NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1040-8401 J9 CRIT REV IMMUNOL JI Crit. Rev. Immunol. PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 233 EP 245 PG 13 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 231SJ UT WOS:000250969000004 PM 18197819 ER PT J AU Blanton, ML Specker, JL AF Blanton, Michael L. Specker, Jennifer L. TI The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in fish and its role in fish development and reproduction SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE chemical screen; development; endocrine disruption; reproduction; teleostean thyroid ID FLOUNDER PARALICHTHYS-DENTATUS; RING DEIODINASE ACTIVITIES; PARR-SMOLT TRANSFORMATION; IODOTHYRONINE OUTER RING; SUMMER FLOUNDER; RAINBOW-TROUT; ORYZIAS-LATIPES; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; FRESH-WATER AB Bony fishes represent the largest vertebrate class and are a very diverse animal group. This chapter provides a thorough review of the available scientific literature on the thyroid system in these important vertebrate animals. The molecular components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in this group correspond closely to those of mammals. The thyroid tissue in the fishes is organized as diffuse follicles, with a few exceptions, rather than as an encapsulated gland as is found in most other vertebrate species. The features of this diffuse tissue in fishes are reviewed with an emphasis on feedback relationships within the HPT axis, the molecular biology of the thyroid system in fishes, and comparisons versus the thyroid systems of other vertebrate taxa. A review of the role of thyroid hormone in fish development and reproduction is included. Available information about the HPT axis in fishes is quite detailed for some species and rather limited or absent in others. This review focuses on species that have been intensively studied for their value as laboratory models in assays to investigate disruption in normal function of the thyroid system. In addition, in vitro and in vivo assay methods for screening chemicals for their potential to interfere with the thyroid system are reviewed. It is concluded that there are currently no in vitro or in vivo assays in fish species that are sufficiently developed to warrant recommendation for use to efficiently screen chemicals for thyroid disruption. Methods are available that can be used to measure thyroid hormones, although our ability to interpret the causes and implications of potential alterations in T-4 or T-3 levels in fishes is nonetheless limited without further research. C1 Battelles Pacific NW Div, Sequim, WA 98392 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Blanton, ML (reprint author), Battelles Pacific NW Div, Sequim, WA 98392 USA. EM ml.blanton@pnl.gov NR 100 TC 97 Z9 105 U1 4 U2 41 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 115 DI 10.1080/10408440601123529 PG 19 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 138QK UT WOS:000244377100005 PM 17364706 ER PT J AU Custelcean, R Engle, NL Bonnesen, PV AF Custelcean, Radu Engle, Nancy L. Bonnesen, Peter V. TI Crystalline hydrogen-bonded nanocolumns of cyclic thiourea octamers SO CRYSTENGCOMM LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR TECTONICS; SOLIDS; DESIGN; DERIVATIVES; NETWORKS; ACID AB A bis(thiourea) containing the 1,3-dimethyl-adamantane linker and t-Bu end groups self-assembles in the solid state into crystalline columnar aggregates made of hydrogen-bonded cyclic thiourea octamers with 2 nm in diameter. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Custelcean, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM custelceanr@ornl.gov RI Custelcean, Radu/C-1037-2009; Bonnesen, Peter/A-1889-2016; OI Custelcean, Radu/0000-0002-0727-7972; Bonnesen, Peter/0000-0002-1397-8281; Engle, Nancy/0000-0003-0290-7987 NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1466-8033 J9 CRYSTENGCOMM JI Crystengcomm PY 2007 VL 9 IS 6 BP 452 EP 455 DI 10.1039/b701570d PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 176SA UT WOS:000247104000013 ER PT J AU De Yoreo, JJ Wierzbicki, A Dove, PM AF De Yoreo, James J. Wierzbicki, Andrzej Dove, Patricia M. TI New insights into mechanisms of biomolecular control on growth of inorganic crystals SO CRYSTENGCOMM LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM-OXALATE MONOHYDRATE; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; MOLECULAR MODULATION; SELECTIVE BINDING; STEP KINETICS; CRYSTALLIZATION; CITRATE; BIOMINERALIZATION; INHIBITION; PROTEINS AB The interactions of biomolecules with atomic features on crystal surfaces lead to dramatic changes in morphology and growth rate. Molecular scale studies based on atomic force microscopy and computational modeling have provided new insights into the mechanisms that lead to these changes. We examine the key factors that are emerging from those studies and link the mechanisms of modification to the underlying structural and chemical relationships between modifier and crystal surface. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ S Alabama, Dept Chem, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP De Yoreo, JJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM deyoreo1@llnl.gov; dove@vt.edu RI Dove, Patricia/A-7911-2010 NR 48 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 29 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1466-8033 J9 CRYSTENGCOMM JI Crystengcomm PY 2007 VL 9 IS 12 BP 1144 EP 1152 DI 10.1039/b713006f PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 235XX UT WOS:000251268700010 ER PT J AU DiMasi, E Kwak, SY Pichon, BP Sommerdijk, NAJM AF DiMasi, Elaine Kwak, Seo-Young Pichon, Benoit P. Sommerdijk, Nico A. J. M. TI Structural adaptability in an organic template for CaCO3 mineralization SO CRYSTENGCOMM LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CALCIUM-OXALATE MONOHYDRATE; COMPRESSED LANGMUIR MONOLAYERS; STEARIC-ACID MONOLAYERS; DIRECTED INORGANIC CRYSTALLIZATION; BREWSTER-ANGLE MICROSCOPY; CARBONATE THIN-FILMS; AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; ORIENTED CRYSTALLIZATION; SELECTIVE CRYSTALLIZATION AB Biomimetic strategies to control mineral nucleation include the development of self-assembled monolayers with appropriate structural properties. We present a bis-urea based surfactant with variable structural adaptability, which induces habit modification in calcite crystals under optimal conditions. In situ surface-sensitive synchrotron X-ray scattering measurements are reported, which yield surprising conclusions for the film structure. In particular, it is found that nucleation of modified calcite is correlated with the release of two-dimensional ordering in the surfactant layer. The model system is discussed in the context of the history of Langmuir films as models for biomineralization. C1 Inst Phys & Chim Mat, F-67034 Strasbourg, France. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Eindhoven Univ Technol, Lab Mol & Organ Chem, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. Eindhoven Univ Technol, Soft Matter Cryo TEM Res Unit, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. RP DiMasi, E (reprint author), The Forsyth Inst, Dept Biomineralizat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM dimasi@bnl.gov; N.Sommerdijk@tue.nl RI Sommerdijk, Nico/B-7239-2013 OI Sommerdijk, Nico/0000-0002-8956-195X NR 87 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 28 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1466-8033 J9 CRYSTENGCOMM JI Crystengcomm PY 2007 VL 9 IS 12 BP 1192 EP 1204 DI 10.1039/b711153c PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 235XX UT WOS:000251268700017 ER PT B AU Pike, WA May, R Baddeley, B Riensche, R Bruce, J Younkin, K AF Pike, William A. May, Richard Baddeley, Bob Riensche, Roderick Bruce, Joe Younkin, Katarina BE McQuay, W Smari, WW TI Scalable visual reasoning: Supporting collaboration through distributed analysis SO CTS 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COLLABORATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposiu no Collaborative Technologies and Systems CY MAY 21-25, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, ACM, IFIP DE analytical reasoning; knowledge management; visual analytics; mobile applications; service-oriented architecture AB We present a visualization environment called the Scalable Reasoning System (SRS) that provides a suite of tools for the collection, analysis, and dissemination Of reasoning products. This environment is designed to function across multiple platforms, bringing the display of visual information and the capture of reasoning associated with that information to both mobile and desk-top clients. The service-oriented architecture of SRS facilitates collaboration and interaction between users regardless of their location or platform. Visualization services allo,,v data processing to be centralized and analysis results to be collected from distributed clients in real time. We use the concept of "reasoning artifacts" to capture the analytic value attached to individual pieces of information and collections thereof helping to fuse the foraging and sense-making loops in information analysis. Reasoning structures composed of these artifacts can be shared across platforms while maintaining references to the analytic activity (such as interactive visualization) that produced them. C1 [Pike, William A.; May, Richard; Baddeley, Bob; Riensche, Roderick; Bruce, Joe; Younkin, Katarina] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pike, WA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9785699-1-4 PY 2007 BP 24 EP 32 DI 10.1109/CTS.2007.4621734 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIG16 UT WOS:000259293000004 ER PT S AU Ghebrehiwet, B Tantral, L Titmus, MA Panessa-Warren, BJ Tortora, GT Wong, SS Warren, JB AF Ghebrehiwet, Berhane Tantral, Lee Titmus, Mathew A. Panessa-Warren, Barbara J. Tortora, George T. Wong, Stanislaus S. Warren, John B. BE Lambris, JD TI The exosporium of B.cereus contains a binding site for gC1qR/p33: Implication in spore attachment and/or entry SO CURRENT TOPICS IN INNATE IMMUNITY SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Innate Immunity CY JUN 04, 2006 CL Corfu, GREECE ID BACILLUS-CEREUS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; SURFACE GLYCOPROTEIN; GLOBULAR HEADS; PROTEIN-A; ANTHRACIS; INFECTION; VIRULENCE; ENDOPHTHALMITIS; THURINGIENSIS AB B. cereus, is a member of a genus of aerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming rod-like bacilli, which includes the deadly, B. anthracis. Preliminary experiments have shown that gC1qR binds to B.cereus spores that have been attached to microtiter plates. The present studies were therefore undertaken, to examine if cell surface gC1qR plays a role in B.cereus spore attachment and/or entry. Monolayers of human colon carcinoma (Caco-2) and lung cells were grown to confluency on 6 mm coverslips in shell vials with gentle swirling in a shaker incubator. Then, 2 mu l of a suspension of strain SB460 B.cereus spores (3x10(8)/ml, in sterile water), were added and incubated (1-4 h; 36(0) C) in the presence or absence of anti-gC1qR mAb-carbon nanoloops. Examination of these cells by EM revealed that: (1) When B. cereus endospores contacted the apical Caco-2 cell surface, or lung cells, gC1qR was simultaneously detectable, indicating upregulation of the molecule. (2) In areas showing spore contact with the cell surface, gC1qR expression was often adjacent to the spores in association with microvilli (Caco-2 cells) or cytoskeletal projections (lung cells). (3) Furthermore, the exosporia of the activated and germinating spores were often decorated with mAb-nanoloops. These observations were further corroborated by experiments in which B.cereus spores were readily taken up by monocytes and neutrophils, and this uptake was partially inhibited by mAb 60.11, which recognizes the C1q binding site on gC1qR. Taken together, the data suggest a role, for gC1qR at least in the initial stages of spore attachment and/or entry. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Med, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Clin Microbiol Lab, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ghebrehiwet, B (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Med, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM berhane.ghebrehiwet@stonybrook.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI060866, R01 AI060866-03, R01-AI 060866] NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-2598 BN 978-0-387-71765-4 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2007 VL 598 BP 181 EP 197 PG 17 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BGT28 UT WOS:000250405000013 PM 17892212 ER PT S AU Zeymn, A van Velkinburgh, JC Pardington, PE Cary, RR Gupta, G AF Zeymn, Ahmet van Velkinburgh, Jennifer C. Pardington, Paige E. Cary, Robert R. Gupta, Goutam BE Lambris, JD TI Pathogen-specific innate immune response SO CURRENT TOPICS IN INNATE IMMUNITY SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Innate Immunity CY JUN 04, 2006 CL Corfu, GREECE ID TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; DENDRITIC CELLS; RECOGNITION; EXPRESSION; INVOLVEMENT; MECHANISMS; INFLUENZA; INFECTION; CYTOKINE AB This chapter summarizes our studies on the three toll-like receptor pathways, namely TLR4, TLR2, and TLR3, induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS), peptidoglycan (PGN), and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in antigen presenting cells (APC). The particular emphasis is on the activation of human innate immune responses via cytokine and chemokine production. Three different measurements have been performed on monocytic and dendritic cells as model APCs: (i) the expression of various cytokine and chemokine genes by real-time PCR, (ii) the release of the cytokines and chemokines by ELISA, and (iii) gene expression analysis by cytokine and chemokine pathway-specific and whole genome microarrays. Real-time PCR and ELISA enable us to identify cytokines and chemokines that are produced specifically upon LPS, PGN, or dsRNA stimulation. Subsequently, microarray studies and appropriate validation experiments help us to identify genes involved in the upstream pathways that cause the induction of cytokines and chemokines. It is evident that TLR4-LPS, TLR2-PGN, and TLR3-dsRNA pathways are distinguished by the specific set of cytokines and chemokines they induce as well as by the upstream signaling events. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zeymn, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Mail Stop M888,HRL-1,TA-43, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gxg@lanl.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-2598 BN 978-0-387-71765-4 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2007 VL 598 BP 342 EP 357 PG 16 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BGT28 UT WOS:000250405000024 ER PT J AU Aerts, J Megens, HJ Veenendaal, T Ovcharenko, I Crooijmans, R Gordon, L Stubbs, L Groenen, M AF Aerts, J. Megens, H. J. Veenendaal, T. Ovcharenko, I. Crooijmans, R. Gordon, L. Stubbs, L. Groenen, M. TI Extent of linkage disequilibrium in chicken SO CYTOGENETIC AND GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GENOME; MAP; POPULATIONS; PATTERNS; SEQUENCE; REGIONS; TRAITS; CATTLE AB Many of the economically important traits in chicken are multifactorial and governed by multiple genes located at different quantitative trait loci (QTLs). The optimal marker density to identify these QTLs in linkage and association studies is largely determined by the extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD) around them. In this study, we investigated the extent of LD on two chromosomes in a white layer and two broiler chicken breeds. Pairwise levels of LD were calculated for 33 and 36 markers on chromosomes 10 and 28, respectively. We found that useful LD (i.e. an r(2) value higher than 0.3) in Nutreco chicken breed E5 (inbred) can extend to around 1 cM on chromosomes 10 and 28, although in a second region on chromosome 28 it extends to about 2.5 cM. The extent in breed Nutreco E3 (out-bred) was very short in chromosome 10 (15 kb) but very much larger on chromosome 28, particularly in one region of depressed heterozygosity. The layer breed E2 (inbred) showed an extent of useful LD up to 4 cM on chromosome 10; the extent on chromosome 28 could not be assessed due to an erratic pattern of LD on that chromosome, although in one region LD appears to be in the order of 0.8 cM. This indicates that there may be very large differences in patterns of LD between different chicken breeds and different genomic regions. Copyright (C) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Anim Breeding & Genet Grp, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands. Roslin Inst, Bioinformat Dept, Roslin EH25 9PS, Midlothian, Scotland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, EEBI Div, Livermore, CA USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Genome Biol Div, Livermore, CA USA. RP Megens, HJ (reprint author), Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Anim Breeding & Genet Grp, POB 338, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands. EM hendrik-jan.megens@wur.nl RI Aerts, Jan/C-4374-2008; Megens, Hendrik-Jan/E-9676-2010; Groenen, Martien/D-8408-2012; Crooijmans, Richard/E-2492-2012; OI Megens, Hendrik-Jan/0000-0002-3619-7533; Groenen, Martien/0000-0003-0484-4545; Stubbs, Lisa/0000-0002-9556-1972 NR 37 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8581 J9 CYTOGENET GENOME RES JI Cytogenet. Genome Res. PY 2007 VL 117 IS 1-4 BP 338 EP 345 DI 10.1159/000103196 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 217XO UT WOS:000249980800039 PM 17675876 ER PT J AU Rickert, PG Antonio, MR Firestone, MA Kubatko, KA Szreder, T Wishart, JF Dietz, ML AF Rickert, Paul G. Antonio, Mark R. Firestone, Millicent A. Kubatko, Karrie-Ann Szreder, Tomasz Wishart, James F. Dietz, Mark L. TI Tetraalkylphosphonium polyoxometalates: electroactive, "task-specific" ionic liquids SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-TRANSPORT; REDOX COUPLE; SALTS; CELLS AB The pairing of selected polyoxometalate (POM) anions with appropriate tetraalkylphosphonium cations is shown to yield an original family of ionic liquids, among them an ambient-temperature "liquid POM". C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Geol Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Antonio, MR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mantonio@anl.gov; mdietz@anl.gov RI Wishart, James/L-6303-2013 OI Wishart, James/0000-0002-0488-7636 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR 0954] NR 22 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 38 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2007 IS 5 BP 529 EP 531 DI 10.1039/b614950m PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 126SP UT WOS:000243536100002 PM 17225903 ER PT J AU Manson, JL Schlueter, JA Nygren, CL AF Manson, Jamie L. Schlueter, John A. Nygren, Cara L. TI Mn(dca)(2)(pym)(2) and Mn(dca)(2)(pym)(H2O) {dca = dicyanamide; pym = pyrimidine}: New coordination polymers exhibiting 1-and 2-D topologies SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL-COMPLEXES; MOLECULE-BASED MAGNET; STRUCTURAL ISOMERISM; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SPIN EXCITATIONS; 3-D NETWORK; CO; MAGNETIZATION; N(CN)(2)(-); PYRAZINE AB Two new coordination polymers comprised of Mn2+, N( CN)(2)(-) ( dicyanamide, herein denoted dca) and pyrimidine ( pym) have been synthesized and structurally and magnetically characterized. Mn( dca)(2)( pym)(2), 1, crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbcn and forms trans bi-bridged Mn -(mu(1,5)- dca)(2)-Mn ribbons that extend along the b-axis of the unit cell. Two terminally bonded pym ligands are trans-coordinated to the Mn center. Adjacent chains interdigitate in an undulating fashion presumably due to a templating effect imposed by the pym ligands where N-atoms of consecutive pym rings stack parallel to the chain axis. Mn( dca)(2)( pym)(H2O), 2, which crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c, has a unique interdigitated 2D network that consists of double-bridged [Mn-2( dca)(2)( pym)(2)(H2O)(2)](2+) " dimers" that are connected via single- bridging dca ligands. Each MnN5O octahedron is comprised of a coordinated H2O, a monodentate pym ligand, and four mu(1,5)- bridging dca anions. The magnetic data for 1 were fitted to a uniform antiferromagnetic chain model which yielded J/k(B) =- 0.34( 1) K. In contrast, 2 is best described as an alternating chain owing to the presence of both single- and double- bridging dca anions; a least- squares fit afforded J(a) =- 0.43( 1) and J(b) = - 0.20(2) K, respectively. A transition to long-range magnetic ordering was observed for 2 below similar to 2.4 K in addition to a field- induced spin flop transition at 15.6 kOe ( 1.7 K). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Eastern Washington Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Manson, JL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jmanson@ewu.edu NR 42 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2007 IS 6 BP 646 EP 652 DI 10.1039/b612474g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 131RX UT WOS:000243888700005 PM 17268597 ER PT J AU Leon-Reina, L Porras-Vazquez, JM Losilla, ER Sheptyakov, DV Llobet, A Aranda, MAG AF Leon-Reina, L. Porras-Vazquez, J. M. Losilla, E. R. Sheptyakov, D. V. Llobet, A. Aranda, M. A. G. TI Low temperature crystal structures of apatite oxygen-conductors containing interstitial oxygen SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID OXIDE-ION CONDUCTIVITY; NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION; SILICATE SINGLE-CRYSTALS; FLOATING-ZONE METHOD; SOL-GEL PROCESS; FUEL-CELLS; ELECTRONIC TRANSPORT; LANTHANUM SILICATE; ND-9.33(SIO4)(6)O-2; LA9.33SI6O26 AB Oxygen-stoichiometric La-9.33 rectangle(0.67)(Si6O24)O-2 and oxygen-excess La8.65Sr1.35(Ge6O24)O-2.32 and La8.65Sr1.35(Si6O24)O-2.32 oxy-apatites have been structurally characterized at low temperatures by the Rietveld method. Oxygen-interstitial distribution has been studied at 15 K for La-9.33 rectangle(0.67)(Si6O24)O-2 and La8.65Sr1.35(Ge6O24)O-2.32 by time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and at 4 K for La8.65Sr1.35(Si6O24)O-2.32 by constant-wavelength neutron powder diffraction. The low temperature structural study was undertaken in order to distinguish between the effects of static disorder, originated mainly from the presence of interstitial oxygens, and the anisotropic thermal vibrations. At such low temperatures, the in. uence of the anisotropic thermal vibrations is minimised. This structural study has firmly established the existence of interstitial oxygens in these materials, which may be useful as electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cells. C1 Univ Malaga, Dept Quim Inorgan Cristallog & Mineral, E-29071 Malaga, Spain. ETH, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. PSI, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Aranda, MAG (reprint author), Univ Malaga, Dept Quim Inorgan Cristallog & Mineral, E-29071 Malaga, Spain. EM g_aranda@uma.es RI Losilla, Enrique/A-1548-2010; Aranda, Miguel A.G./D-4614-2009; Llobet, Anna/B-1672-2010; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Leon-Reina, Laura/D-4736-2009; Porras-Vazquez, Jose/J-8934-2014; Sheptyakov, Denis/F-5333-2016 OI Losilla, Enrique/0000-0002-3361-2340; Aranda, Miguel A.G./0000-0001-7708-3578; Leon-Reina, Laura/0000-0002-9306-4921; Porras-Vazquez, Jose/0000-0002-2673-1413; Sheptyakov, Denis/0000-0002-3001-6586 NR 60 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2007 IS 20 BP 2058 EP 2064 DI 10.1039/b616211h PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 167XT UT WOS:000246486600012 PM 17502939 ER PT J AU Schlueter, JA Geiser, U Whited, MA Drichko, N Salameh, B Petukhov, K Dressel, M AF Schlueter, John A. Geiser, Urs Whited, Michael A. Drichko, Natalia Salameh, Belal Petukhov, Konstantin Dressel, Martin TI Two alternating BEDT-TTF packing motifs in alpha-kappa-(BEDT-TTF)(2)Hg (SCN)(3) SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID CAVITY PERTURBATION TECHNIQUE; PRESSURE ORGANIC SUPERCONDUCTOR; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURES; MERCURY(II) THIOCYANATE; STRUCTURAL GENEALOGY; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; METALLIC MODIFICATION; SALTS AB The first BEDT-TTF charge transfer salt in which alternating electron-donor layers possess alpha- and kappa-type packing motifs has been synthesized. The crystal structure and physical properties of the organic conductor alpha-kappa-(BEDT-TTF)(2)Hg(SCN)(3) are described, including a detailed description of its optical properties. The electronic behavior is dominated by a sharp metal-to-insulator transition at T = 176 K which is due to a first-order structural phase transition. The optical properties in the metallic regime are a superposition of those of the alpha- and kappa-phases, while in the insulating state the spectra become more anisotropic in the conducting plane, and the features of the two layers cannot be distinguished. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. RP Schlueter, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM JASchlueter@anl.gov RI Dressel, Martin/D-3244-2012 NR 70 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2007 IS 24 BP 2580 EP 2588 DI 10.1039/b701641g PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 177YJ UT WOS:000247188100013 PM 17563794 ER PT J AU Anderson, TM Rodriguez, MA Bonhomme, F Bixler, JN Alama, TM Nyman, M AF Anderson, Travis M. Rodriguez, Mark A. Bonhomme, Francois Bixler, Joel N. Alama, Todd M. Nyman, May TI An aqueous route to [Ta6O19](8-) and solid-state studies of isostructural niobium and tantalum oxide complexes SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID RAY STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; LINDQVIST ION; HEXANIOBATE; OXYGEN; HETEROPOLYNIOBATES; FRAMEWORK; SURFACES; CLUSTERS; SITES AB A new soft chemical route to [ Ta6O19](8-) has been developed by the dissolution of [Ta(O2)(4)](3-) in conditions alkaline enough to arrest formation of Ta2O5, followed by [VO4](3-)-catalyzed decomposition of the peroxide ligands and crystallization of the salt. An average of bond lengths and angles from isostructural salts of [ Ta6O19](8-) and [ Nb6O19](8-) indicate there is an increase in terminal M(eta = O) bond lengths and M-mu(2)-O-M angles and a decrease in bridging mu(2)-O-M bond lengths in [Ta6O19](8-), although the central mu(6)-O-M bond lengths are identical within experimental error. Two new structures of Na-7[ HNb6O19] center dot 15H(2)O ( 1) and Na-8[Ta6O19] center dot 15H(2)O ( 2) are exemplary of the fact that protonated mu(2)-OH are observed exclusively in the niobates. In these structures, the metal-oxide framework, seven sodium atoms, and all fifteen water molecules are located in identical unit cell positions, but in 2 an eighth charge-balancing sodium is located in close proximity to the protonated mu(2)-OH in 1. Differences in the basicity of Nb(V)- and Ta( V)-bound oxygen atoms are also manifested at the surfaces of O-17-enriched powders of Nb2O5 and Ta2O5. Oxygen exchange at the surface of these materials readily takes place at both terminal and bridging sites in Nb2O5 but only at terminal sites in Ta2O5. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nyman, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mdnyman@sandia.gov NR 33 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 46 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2007 IS 40 BP 4517 EP 4522 DI 10.1039/b707636c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 219LF UT WOS:000250085700004 PM 17928908 ER PT S AU Allain, JP Nieto, M Hendricks, M Harilal, SS Hassanein, A AF Allain, J. P. Nieto, M. Hendricks, M. Harilal, S. S. Hassanein, A. BE Juha, L Sobierajski, RH Wabnitz, H TI Debris and radiation-induced damage effects on EUV nanolithography source collector mirror optics performance SO Damage to VUV, EUV, and X-ray Optics SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Damage to VUV, EUV and X-Ray Optics CY APR 18-19, 2007 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC DE threshold sputtering; EUV reflectivity; multi-layer mirror; EUV collector optics; X-ray reflectivity; Sn debris AB Exposure of collector mirrors facing the hot, dense pinch plasma in plasma-based EUV light sources to debris (fast ions, neutrals, off-band radiation, droplets) remains one of the highest critical issues of source component lifetime and commercial feasibility of nanolithography at 13.5-nm. Typical radiators used at 13.5-nm include Xe and Sri. Fast particles emerging from the pinch region of the lamp are known to induce serious damage to nearby collector mirrors. Candidate collector configurations include either multi-layer mirrors (MLM) or single-layer mirrors (SLM) used at grazing incidence. Studies at Argonne have focused on understanding the underlying mechanisms that hinder collector mirror performance at 13.5-nm under fast Sn or Xe exposure. This is possible by a new state-of-the-art in-situ EUV reflectometry system that measures real time relative EUV reflectivity (15-degree incidence and 13.5-nm) variation during fast particle exposure. Intense EUV light and off-band radiation is also known to contribute to mirror damage. For example off band radiation can couple to the mirror and induce heating affecting the mirror's surface properties. In addition, intense EUV light can partially photo-ionize background gas (e.g., Ar or He) used for mitigation in the source device. This can lead to local weakly ionized plasma creating a sheath and accelerating charged gas particles to the mirror surface and inducing sputtering. In this paper we study several aspects of debris and radiation-induced damage to candidate EUVL source collector optics materials. The first study concerns the use of IMD simulations to study the effect of surface roughness on EUV reflectivity. The second studies the effect of fast particles on MLM reflectivity at 13.5-nm. And lastly the third studies the effect of multiple energetic sources with thermal Sn on 13.5-nm reflectivity. These studies focus on conditions that simulate the EUVL source environment in a controlled way. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Allain, JP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Harilal, Sivanandan/B-5438-2014; OI Harilal, Sivanandan/0000-0003-2266-7976; Nieto-Perez, Martin/0000-0001-6600-9786; Allain, Jean Paul/0000-0003-1348-262X NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6714-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6586 BP U205 EP U213 DI 10.1117/12.723692 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BGO83 UT WOS:000249095600022 ER PT S AU Bajt, S Chapman, HN Spiller, E Hau-Riege, S Alameda, J Nelson, AJ Walton, CC Kjornrattanawanich, B Aquila, A Dollar, F Gullikson, E Tarrio, C Grantham, S AF Bajt, S. Chapman, H. N. Spiller, E. Hau-Riege, S. Alameda, J. Nelson, A. J. Walton, C. C. Kjornrattanawanich, B. Aquila, A. Dollar, F. Gullikson, E. Tarrio, C. Grantham, S. BE Juha, L Sobierajski, RH Wabnitz, H TI Multilayers for next generation x-ray sources SO Damage to VUV, EUV, and X-ray Optics SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Damage to VUV, EUV and X-Ray Optics CY APR 18-19, 2007 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC DE multilayers; optics damage; free electron laser ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY; FREE-ELECTRON LASER; PROJECTION LITHOGRAPHY; MO/SI MULTILAYERS; CAPPING LAYERS; MIRRORS; PERFORMANCE; DEPOSITION; COATINGS; ENHANCEMENT AB Multilayers are artificially layered structures that can be used to create optics and optical elements for a broad range of x-ray wavelengths, or can be optimized for other applications. The development of next generation x-ray sources (high brightness synchrotrons and x-ray free electron lasers) requires advances in x-ray optics. Newly developed multilayer-based mirrors and optical elements enabled efficient band-pass filtering, focusing and time resolved measurements in recent FLASH (Free Electron LASer in Hamburg) experiments. These experiments are providing invaluable feedback on the response of the multilayer structures to high intensity, short pulsed x-ray sources. This information is crucial to design optics for future x-ray free electron lasers and to benchmark computer codes that simulate damage processes. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bajt, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-210, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Dollar, Franklin/C-9214-2013 OI Dollar, Franklin/0000-0003-3346-5763 NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6714-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6586 BP U135 EP U144 DI 10.1117/12.724786 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BGO83 UT WOS:000249095600014 ER PT S AU Hau-Riegea, SP London, RA Bogan, M Chapman, HN Bergh, M AF Hau-Riegea, Stefan P. London, Richard A. Bogan, Michael Chapman, Henry N. Bergh, Magnus BE Juha, L Sobierajski, RH Wabnitz, H TI Damage-resistant single-pulse optics for x-ray free electron lasers SO Damage to VUV, EUV, and X-ray Optics SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Damage to VUV, EUV and X-Ray Optics CY APR 18-19, 2007 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC DE damage threshold; x-ray optics; free-electron laser ID SIMULATIONS; MATTER AB Short-pulse ultraviolet and x-ray free electron lasers of unprecedented peak brightness are in the process of revolutionizing physics, chemistry, and biology. Optical components for these new light sources have to be able to withstand exposure to the extremely high-fluence photon pulses. Whereas most optics have been designed to stay intact for many pulses. it has also been suggested that single-pulse optics that function during the pulse but disintegrate on a longer timescale, may be useful at higher fluences than multiple-pulse optics. In this paper we will review damage-resistant single-pulse optics that recently have been demonstrated at the FLASH soft-x-ray laser facility at DESY, including mirrors, apertures, and nanolenses. It was found that these objects stay intact for the duration of the 25-fs FLASH pulse, even when exposed to fluences that exceed the melt damage threshold by fifty times or more. We present a computational model for the FLASH laser-material interaction to analyze the extent to which the optics still function during the pulse. Comparison to experimental results obtained at FLASH shows good quantitative agreement. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hau-Riegea, SP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Bogan, Michael J./0000-0001-9318-3333 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6714-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6586 BP U188 EP U194 DI 10.1117/12.723994 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BGO83 UT WOS:000249095600020 ER PT S AU Ibarria, L Lindstrom, P Rossignac, J AF Ibarria, Lorenzo Lindstrom, Peter Rossignac, Jarek BE Storer, JA Marcellin, MW TI Spectral predictors SO DCC 2007: DATA COMPRESSION CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Data Compression Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Data Compression Conference CY MAR 27-29, 2007 CL Snowbird, UT SP Brandeis Univ, IEEE Comp Soc ID COMPRESSION AB Many scientific, imaging, and geospatial applications produce large high-precision scalarfields sampled on a regular grid. Lossless compression of such data is commonly done using predictive coding, in which weighted combinations of previously coded samples known to both encoder and decoder are used to predict subsequent nearby samples. In hierarchical, incremental, or selective transmission, the spatial pattern of the known neighbors is often irregular and varies from one sample to the next, which precludes prediction based on a single stencil and fixed set of weights. To handle such situations and make the best use of available neighboring samples, we propose a local spectral predictor that offers optimal prediction by tailoring the weights to each configuration of known nearby samples. These weights may be precomputed and stored in a small lookup table. We show that predictive coding using our spectral predictor improves compression for various sources of high-precision data. C1 [Ibarria, Lorenzo] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Lindstrom, Peter] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Rossignac, Jarek] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ibarria, L (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM redark@cc.gatech.edu; pl@llnl.gov; jarek@cc.gatech.edu OI Lindstrom, Peter/0000-0003-3817-4199 FU NSFB [NZ-1410/04, B-1306/03] FX This research was supported by the NSFB under Contract NZ-1410/04 and B-1306/03. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1068-0314 BN 978-0-7695-2791-8 J9 IEEE DATA COMPR CONF PY 2007 BP 163 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGC91 UT WOS:000246090200017 ER PT B AU Hatta, Y AF Hatta, Y. BE Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K TI Color dipoles from bremsstrahlung in high energy evolution SO Deep Inelastic Scattering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS 2006) CY APR 20-24, 2006 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN ID QCD EVOLUTION AB We show that the recently developed Hamiltonian theory for high energy QCD evolution in the presence of gluon number fluctuation is consistent with the color dipole picture. We construct the color glass weight function and the dipole densities of an onium, and derive evolution equations for these quantities by acting with the Bremsstrahlung Hamiltonian. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hatta, Y (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-256-871-7 PY 2007 BP 93 EP 96 DI 10.1142/9789812706706_0014 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFZ98 UT WOS:000245725700014 ER PT B AU Voutilainen, M AF Voutilainen, M. CA Do Collaborat BE Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K TI Do QCD studies SO Deep Inelastic Scattering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS 2006) CY APR 20-24, 2006 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN AB A number of recent measurements from DO that can be used to constrain parton distributions and tune QCD Monte Carlo models are presented. The selection includes W charge asymmetry, Z+jet event properties, dijet azimuthal decorrelations and the inclusive jet cross section. C1 Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Helsinki Inst Phys, Fermi Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Voutilainen, M (reprint author), Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Helsinki Inst Phys, Fermi Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-256-871-7 PY 2007 BP 177 EP 180 DI 10.1142/9789812706706_0035 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFZ98 UT WOS:000245725700035 ER PT B AU Hyde-Wright, CE Frankfurt, L Strikman, M Weiss, C AF Hyde-Wright, C. E. Frankfurt, L. Strikman, M. Weiss, C. BE Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K TI Transverse imaging of the proton in exclusive diffractive pp scattering SO Deep Inelastic Scattering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS 2006) CY APR 20-24, 2006 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN ID COLLISIONS; PHYSICS AB In a recent paper we describe a new approach to rapidity gap survival (RGS) in the production of high-mass systems (H = dijet, Higgs, etc.) in exclusive double-gap diffractive pp scattering, pp -> p + H + p. It is based on the idea that hard and soft interactions are approximately independent (QCD factorization), and allows us to calculate the RGS probability in a model-independent way in terms of the gluon generalized parton distributions (GPDs) in the colliding protons and the pp elastic scattering amplitude. Here we focus on the transverse momentum dependence of the cross section. By measuring the "diffraction pattern," one can perform detailed tests of the interplay of hard and soft interactions, and even extract information about the gluon GPD in the proton from the data. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Ctr Theory, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Hyde-Wright, CE (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-256-871-7 PY 2007 BP 279 EP 282 DI 10.1142/9789812706706_0060 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFZ98 UT WOS:000245725700060 ER PT B AU Tomoto, M AF Tomoto, Makoto CA For DO and CDF Collaborations BE Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K TI Higgs searches at tevatron SO Deep Inelastic Scattering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS 2006) CY APR 20-24, 2006 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN AB We present the searches for the standard model and minimal super-symmetric standard model Higgs bosons at CDF and DO experiments. We start combining several Higgs boson searches and showing a prospect for the Tevatron Higgs searches in the near future. C1 Nagoya Univ, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464, Japan. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Tomoto, M (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464, Japan. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-256-871-7 PY 2007 BP 361 EP 364 DI 10.1142/9789812706706_0080 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFZ98 UT WOS:000245725700080 ER PT B AU Yuan, F AF Yuan, Feng BE Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K TI Threshold resummation for Higgs production in effective field theory SO DEEP INELASTIC SCATTERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS 2006) CY APR 20-24, 2006 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN ID BOSON PRODUCTION; QCD; COLLIDERS AB The threshold resummation effects for the Standard Model Higgs boson production at hadron collider are studied in the effective field theory formalism. The approach is conceptually simple, independent of details of an effective field theory formulation, and valid to all orders in sub-leading logarithms. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yuan, F (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Yuan, Feng/N-4175-2013 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-256-871-7 PY 2007 BP 415 EP 418 DI 10.1142/9789812706706_0093 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFZ98 UT WOS:000245725700093 ER PT B AU Voutilainen, M AF Voutilainen, M. CA DO Collaborat BE Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K TI Inclusive jet cross section measurement at do SO Deep Inelastic Scattering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS 2006) CY APR 20-24, 2006 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN AB We present a new preliminary measurement of the inclusive jet cross section in p (p) over bar collisions based on a integrated luminosity of about 0.8fb(-1). The data were acquired using the DO detector between 2002 and 2005. Jets are reconstructed using an iterative cone algorithm with radius R-cone = 0.7. The inclusive jet cross section is presented as a function of transverse jet momentum and rapidity. Predictions from perturbative QCD in next-to-leading order, plus threshold corrections in 2-loop accuracy describe the shape in the transverse jet momentum. C1 Univ Nebraska, Helsinki Inst Phys, Fermi Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Voutilainen, M (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Helsinki Inst Phys, Fermi Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-256-871-7 PY 2007 BP 471 EP 474 DI 10.1142/9789812706706_0107 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFZ98 UT WOS:000245725700107 ER PT B AU Kluge, T Rabbertz, K Wobisch, M AF Kluge, T. Rabbertz, K. Wobisch, M. BE Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K TI Fast pQCD calculations for PDF fits SO Deep Inelastic Scattering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS 2006) CY APR 20-24, 2006 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN AB We present a method for very fast repeated computations of higher-order cross sections in hadron-induced processes for arbitrary parton density functions. A full implementation of the method for computations of jet cross sections in Deep-Inelastic Scattering and in Hadron-Hadron Collisions is offered by the 'fastNLO" project at http://hepforge.cedar.ac.uk/fastnlo/. C1 DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kluge, T (reprint author), DESY, Notkestr 85, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-256-871-7 PY 2007 BP 483 EP 486 DI 10.1142/9789812706706_0110 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFZ98 UT WOS:000245725700110 ER PT B AU Bodwin, GT Braaten, E Lee, J AF Bodwin, Geoffrey T. Braaten, Eric Lee, Jungil BE Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K TI Color-evaporation model vs. NRQCD in charmonium production SO Deep Inelastic Scattering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS 2006) CY APR 20-24, 2006 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN ID QUARK FLAVORS; HADROPRODUCTION; PSI AB We deduce relationships that are implied by the color-evaporation model (CEM) between the nonperturbative NRQCD matrix elements that appear in the factorization formula for quarkonium production. These relationships are at odds with the phenomenological values of the matrix elements that have been extracted from the Tevatron data for charmonium production at large transverse momentum. A direct comparison of the CEM and NRQCD factorization predictions with the CDF charmonium production data is discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Korea Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 136701, South Korea. RP Bodwin, GT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-256-871-7 PY 2007 BP 609 EP 612 DI 10.1142/9789812706706_0141 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFZ98 UT WOS:000245725700141 ER PT B AU Bravar, A AF Bravar, Alessandro BE Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K TI Spin dependence in polarized elastic scattering in the CNI region SO Deep Inelastic Scattering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS 2006) CY APR 20-24, 2006 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN ID PP AB The interference of the electromagnetic spin-flip amplitude with a hadronic spin-nonflip amplitude in elastic scattering leads to significant spin dependencies at very low momentum transfer t. Recent results on A(N) and A(NN) in polarized proton-proton elastic scattering at very low t using a polarized atomic hydrogen gas jet target and the 100 GeV/c polarized proton beam are at RHIC are presented. Our A(N) pp data are well described with the electromagnetic spin-flip alone and do not support the presence of a large hadronic spin-flip amplitude. The double spin asymmetry A(NN) is found to be consistent with zero over the whole measured t range, indicating that double spin-flip amplitudes do not play a role in this kinematical region. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bravar, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-256-871-7 PY 2007 BP 687 EP 690 DI 10.1142/9789812706706_0160 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFZ98 UT WOS:000245725700160 ER PT B AU Yuan, F AF Yuan, Feng BE Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K TI Unifying the mechanisms for single spin asymmetries in hard processes SO DEEP INELASTIC SCATTERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS 2006) CY APR 20-24, 2006 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN ID FINAL-STATE INTERACTIONS; DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; DRELL-YAN PROCESSES; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; GAUGE; DIS AB By studying the single transverse-spin asymmetry at the intermediate transverse momentum region in hard processes, Drell-Yan and SIDIS, we demonstrated that the two mechanisms proposed to explain the large SSAs are unified. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yuan, F (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Yuan, Feng/N-4175-2013 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-256-871-7 PY 2007 BP 691 EP 694 DI 10.1142/9789812706706_0161 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFZ98 UT WOS:000245725700161 ER PT B AU Lee, JH AF Lee, J. H. CA The Brahms Collaboration BE Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K TI Single spin asymmetries of identified charged hadrons in polarized p+p at root s=200 GeV SO Deep Inelastic Scattering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS 2006) CY APR 20-24, 2006 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN ID FRAGMENTATION FUNCTIONS AB Measurements of the single spin asymmetries of identified charged hadrons, pi(+/-), K-+/-, p, and (p) over bar, from transversely polarized proton collisions at root s = 200 GeV are presented. The flavor dependent asymmetries combined with the cross-sections bring new insight into the perturbative Quantum Chromodynamical description of partonic dynamics at RHIC. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lee, JH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-256-871-7 PY 2007 BP 703 EP 706 DI 10.1142/9789812706706_0164 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFZ98 UT WOS:000245725700164 ER PT B AU Bravar, A AF Bravar, Alessandro BE Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K TI Proton polarimetry at RHIC SO Deep Inelastic Scattering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS 2006) CY APR 20-24, 2006 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN AB The study of spin effects in the interactions of polarized protons at RHIC requires the precise measurement of the colliding beams' polarizations. Fast polarization measurements are performed using polarimeters based on pC elastic scattering. The absolute normalization of the polarimeters is based on pp elastic scattering using a polarized hydrogen gas jet target. During the 2004 polarized proton run a relative precision on the beam polarization of Delta P-beam/P-beam = 6.6% has been obtained. A precision around 5% is anticipated for the 2005 and 2006 RHIC runs. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bravar, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-256-871-7 PY 2007 BP 711 EP 714 DI 10.1142/9789812706706_0166 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFZ98 UT WOS:000245725700166 ER PT B AU Yokoya, H Vogelsang, W AF Yokoya, Hiroshi Vogelsang, Werner BE Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K TI Threshold resummation effects in the polarized Drell-Yan process at GSI and J-PARC SO DEEP INELASTIC SCATTERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS 2006) CY APR 20-24, 2006 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN ID HIGGS-BOSON PRODUCTION; QCD; SCATTERING AB We present studies of QCD corrections to dilepton production in transversely polarized pp and <(p)pover bar > scattering. In particular we briefly discuss the effects of NNLL threshold resummation on the rapidity distribution of the lepton pair. C1 Niigata Univ, Dept Phys, Niigata 95021, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yokoya, H (reprint author), Niigata Univ, Dept Phys, Niigata 95021, Japan. EM yokoya@nt.sc.niigata-u.ac.jp; vogelsan@quark.phy.bnl.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-256-871-7 PY 2007 BP 723 EP 726 DI 10.1142/9789812706706_0169 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFZ98 UT WOS:000245725700169 ER PT B AU Liu, MX AF Liu, Ming Xiong CA The Phenix Collaboration BE Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K TI Overview of longitudinal spin physics at PHENIX SO Deep Inelastic Scattering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS 2006) CY APR 20-24, 2006 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN ID SCATTERING; PROTON AB We present a brief overview of the longitudinal spin physics program in the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at BNL. The main goal is to study the longitudinal spin structure of the proton with strongly interacting probes at high energy to resolve the long standing "spin crisis". The latest results from PHENIX are presented. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Liu, MX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Liu, Ming/0000-0002-5992-1221 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-256-871-7 PY 2007 BP 735 EP 738 DI 10.1142/9789812706706_0172 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFZ98 UT WOS:000245725700172 ER PT B AU Dharmawardane, KV AF Dharmawardane, K. V. CA The Clas Collaboration BE Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K TI Spin structure functions at low Q(2) from JLAB data SO Deep Inelastic Scattering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS 2006) CY APR 20-24, 2006 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN ID HEARN SUM-RULES; MAGNETIC MOMENTS; NUCLEON; QCD AB Spin structure functions of the nucleon in the region of large x and small to moderate Q(2) continue to be of high current interest. Among the topics one can study in this kinematic regime are the Q(2) evolution of the first moment of g(1) and the behavior of the virtual photon asymmetry A(1) at large x. A large experimental program to measure these observables for the proton and deuteron has been concluded at Jefferson Lab Hall B. We will present the results of the 1.6 and 5.7 GeV data. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Dharmawardane, KV (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-256-871-7 PY 2007 BP 771 EP 774 DI 10.1142/9789812706706_0181 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFZ98 UT WOS:000245725700181 ER PT B AU Prok, Y AF Prok, Yelena CA The Clas Collaboration BE Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K TI Study of duality in the transition region at JLAB SO Deep Inelastic Scattering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS 2006) CY APR 20-24, 2006 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN AB Inclusive double spin asymmetries obtained by scattering polarized electrons off polarized protons and deuterons have been analyzed to address the issue of quark-hadron duality in the polarized spin structure functions g(1)(p) and g(1)(d). A polarized electron beam, solid polarized NH3 and ND3 targets and the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) in Hall B were used to collect the data. The resulting g(1)(p) and g(1)(d) were averaged over the nucleon resonance energy region (M < W < 2.00 Gev), and three lowest lying resonances individually for tests of global and local duality. C1 MIT, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA USA. RP Prok, Y (reprint author), MIT, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-256-871-7 PY 2007 BP 775 EP 778 DI 10.1142/9789812706706_0182 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFZ98 UT WOS:000245725700182 ER PT B AU Koike, Y Nagashima, J Vogelsang, W AF Koike, Yuji Nagashima, Junji Vogelsang, Werner BE Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K TI Q(T)-resummation for polarized semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering SO Deep Inelastic Scattering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS 2006) CY APR 20-24, 2006 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN ID TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; RESUMMATION; BOSON AB We study the transverse-momentum distribution of hadrons produced in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering. We consider cross sections for various combinations of the polarizations of the initial lepton and nucleon or the produced hadron, for which we perform the resummation of large double-logarithmic perturbative corrections arising at small transverse momentum. We present phenomenological results for the process ep -> e pi X for the typical kinematics in the COMPASS experiment. We discuss the impact of the perturbative resummation and of estimated non-perturbative contributions on the corresponding cross Sections and their spin asymmetry. C1 Niigata Univ, Dept Phys, Niigata 95021, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Koike, Y (reprint author), Niigata Univ, Dept Phys, Niigata 95021, Japan. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-256-871-7 PY 2007 BP 779 EP 782 DI 10.1142/9789812706706_0183 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFZ98 UT WOS:000245725700183 ER PT B AU Lim, H Schoeffel, L Strikman, M AF Lim, H. Schoeffel, L. Strikman, M. BE Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K TI Summary of the "diffraction and vector mesons" working group at DIS06 SO Deep Inelastic Scattering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS 2006) CY APR 20-24, 2006 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN ID FACTORIZATION; QCD; ELECTROPRODUCTION; SCATTERING AB We survey the contributions presented in the working group "Diffraction and Vector Mesons" at the XIV International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CEA Saclay, Serv Phys Particles, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. RP Lim, H (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-256-871-7 PY 2007 BP 853 EP 866 DI 10.1142/9789812706706_0193 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFZ98 UT WOS:000245725700193 ER PT J AU Lam, PJ Bishop, JKB AF Lam, Phoebe J. Bishop, James K. B. TI High biomass, low export regimes in the Southern Ocean SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE ballast; remineralization; POC; Twilight Zone; Southern Ocean; carbonate ID PARTICULATE MATTER; ORGANIC-CARBON; ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION; BIOGENIC SILICA; ATLANTIC OCEAN; VERTICAL FLUX; PANAMA BASIN; PACIFIC; 170-DEGREES-W; CHEMISTRY AB This paper investigates ballasting and remineralization controls of carbon sedimentation in the Twilight Zone (100-1000 m) of the Southern Ocean. Size-fractionated (< 1 mu m, 1-51 mu m, > 51 mu m) suspended particulate matter was collected by large-volume in-situ filtration from the upper 1000 m in the Subantarctic (55 degrees S, 172 degrees W) and Antarctic (66 degrees S, 172 degrees W) zones of the Southern Ocean during the Southern Ocean Iron Experiment (SOFeX) in January-February 2002. Particles were analyzed for major chemical constituents (POC, P, biogenic Si, CaCO3) and digital and SEM image analyses of particles were used to aid in the interpretation of the chemical profiles. Twilight Zone waters at 66 degrees S in the Antarctic had a steeper decrease in POC with depth than at 55 degrees S in the Subantarctic, with lower POC concentrations in all size fractions at 66 degrees S than at 55 degrees S, despite up to an-order-of magnitude higher POC in surface waters at 66 degrees S. The decay length scale of > 51-mu m POC was significantly shorter in the upper Twilight Zone at 66 degrees S (delta(e) = 26 m) compared to 55 degrees S (delta(e) = 81 m). Particles in the carbonate-producing 55 degrees S did not have higher excess densities than particles from the diatom-dominated 66 degrees S, indicating that there was no direct ballast effect that accounted for deeper POC penetration at 55 degrees S. An indirect ballast effect due to differences in particle packaging and porosities cannot be ruled out, however, as aggregate porosities were high (similar to 97%) and variable. Image analyses point to the importance of particle loss rates from zooplankton grazing and remineralization as determining factors for the difference in Twilight Zone POC concentrations at 55 degrees S and 66 degrees S, with stronger and more focused shallow remineralization at 66 degrees S. At 66 degrees S, an abundance of large (several min long) fecal pellets from the surface to 150 in, and almost total removal of large aggregates by 200 m, reflected the actions of a single or few zooplankton species capable of grazing diatoms in the euphotic zone, coupled with a more diverse particle-feeding zooplankton community immediately below. Surface waters with high biomass levels and high proportion of biomass in the large-size fraction were associated with low particle loading at depth, with all indications implying conditions of low export. The 66'S region exhibits this "high biomass, low expoit" (HBLE) condition, with very high > 51-mu m POC concentrations at the surface (similar to 2.1 mu M POC), but low concentrations below 200 m, (< 0.07 mu M POC). The 66'S region remained HBLE after iron fertilization. Iron addition at 55 degrees S caused a 10 fold increase in > 51-mu m biomass concentrations in the euphotic zone, bringing surface POC concentrations to levels found at 66 degrees S (similar to 3.8 mu M), and a concurrent decrease in POC concentrations below 200 in. The 55 degrees S region, which began with moderate levels of biomass and stronger particle export, transitioned to being HBLE after iron fertilization. We propose that iron addition to already HBLE waters will not cause mass sedimentation events. The stability of an iron-induced HBLE condition is unknown. Better understanding of biological pump processes in non-HBLE Subantarctic waters is needed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lam, PJ (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM p.lam@whoi.edu NR 44 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 54 IS 5-7 BP 601 EP 638 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.01.013 PG 38 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 183PS UT WOS:000247585300009 ER PT J AU Domingues, CM Maltrud, ME Wijffels, SE Church, JA Tomczak, M AF Domingues, Catia M. Maltrud, Mathew E. Wijffels, Susan E. Church, John A. Tomczak, Matthias TI Simulated Lagrangian pathways between the Leeuwin Current System and the upper-ocean circulation of the southeast Indian Ocean SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Indian Ocean; eastern boundary; Leeuwin Current; Leeuwin undercurrent; Eastern Gyral Current ID NORTH-WEST SHELF; WOCE-I10/IR6 THROUGHFLOW SECTIONS; RESOLUTION NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; WATER MASS-DISTRIBUTION; INDONESIAN THROUGHFLOW; HYDROGRAPHIC SECTION; AUSTRALIAN CURRENT; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SUBTROPICAL GYRE; MODEL AB The Leeuwin Current System, along the west Australian coast (22 degrees S-34 degrees S), forms a unique but poorly understood eastern boundary regime in which tropical waters flow poleward. Here we depict the three-dimensional paths connecting this eastern boundary system with the upper-ocean large-scale circulation around Australia based on selected trajectories from an online numerical particle tracking performed during the 1993/1997 integration of the 0.28 degrees Los Alamos National Laboratory Parallel Ocean Program model. The simulated trajectories reveal a wealth of details about the regional circulation that are difficult to understand from observed and model Eulerian data alone. They reveal links between the Leeuwin Current, Leeuwin Undercurrent, Eastern Gyral Current, and zonal flows within the Subtropical Gyre. New findings include: a remote tropical source of the Leeuwin Current in the equatorial Indian Ocean, via the South Java Current; inshore (along the southern part of the North West Shelf) and offshore routes in the Indo-Australian Basin feeding the Leeuwin Current; strong exchange between the Leeuwin Undercurrent and adjacent Subtropical Gyre through a series of near surface eastward jets and deeper westward jets; and the tropical origin of the Eastern Gyral Current as a recirculation of the South Equatorial Current. We propose a current schematic summarising the links between the meridional boundary flows off Western Australia and the larger-scale circulation. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Cleveland, Qld, Australia. Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Domingues, CM (reprint author), CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Cleveland, Qld, Australia. EM Catia.Domingues@esiro.au; maltrud@lanl.gov; Susan.Wijffels@csiro.au; John.Church@csiro.au; Matthias.Tomczak@flinders.edu.au RI Wijffels, Susan/I-8215-2012; Church, John/A-1541-2012; Domingues, Catia /A-2901-2015; OI Church, John/0000-0002-7037-8194; Domingues, Catia /0000-0001-5100-4595; Tomczak, Matthias/0000-0002-8416-5851 NR 85 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 54 IS 8-10 BP 797 EP 817 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.10.003 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 215KB UT WOS:000249806100002 ER PT J AU Prochnik, SE Rokhsar, DS Aboobaker, AA AF Prochnik, Simon E. Rokhsar, Daniel S. Aboobaker, A. Aziz TI Evidence for a microRNA expansion in the bilaterian ancestor SO DEVELOPMENT GENES AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE MicroRNA; bilateria; post-transcriptional regulation ID EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; GENE LOSS; EXPRESSION; EVOLUTION; CLUSTER AB Understanding how animal complexity has arisen and identifying the key genetic components of this process is a central goal of evolutionary developmental biology. The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) as key regulators of development has identified a new set of candidates for this role. microRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate tissue-specific or temporal gene expression through base pairing with target mRNAs. The full extent of the evolutionary distribution of miRNAs is being revealed as more genomes are scrutinized. To explore the evolutionary origins of metazoan miRNAs, we searched the genomes of diverse animals occupying key phylogenetic positions for homologs of experimentally verified human, fly, and worm miRNAs. We identify 30 miRNAs conserved across bilaterians, almost double the previous estimate. We hypothesize that this larger than previously realized core set of miRNAs was already present in the ancestor of all Bilateria and likely had key roles in allowing the evolution of diverse specialist cell types, tissues, and complex morphology. In agreement with this hypothesis, we found only three, conserved miRNA families in the genome of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis and no convincing family members in the genome of the demosponge Reniera sp. The dramatic expansion of the miRNA repertoire in bilaterians relative to sponges and cnidarians suggests that increased miRNA-mediated gene regulation accompanied the emergence of triploblastic organ-containing body plans. C1 Univ Nottingham, Queens Med Ctr, Inst Genet, Nottingham NG7 2UH, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Ctr Integrat Genom, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Aboobaker, AA (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Queens Med Ctr, Inst Genet, Nottingham NG7 2UH, England. EM Aziz.Aboobaker@nottingham.ac.uk OI Aboobaker, Aziz/0000-0003-4902-5797 FU Wellcome Trust NR 18 TC 85 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-944X J9 DEV GENES EVOL JI Dev. Genes Evol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 217 IS 1 BP 73 EP 77 DI 10.1007/s00427-006-0116-1 PG 5 WC Cell Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Developmental Biology GA 123UZ UT WOS:000243322900007 PM 17103184 ER PT J AU Salminen, J Prausnitz, J AF Salminen, Justin Prausnitz, John BE Letcher, T TI Carbon Dioxide in Chemical Processes SO DEVELOPMENTS AND APPLICATIONS IN SOLUBILITY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AQUEOUS METHYLDIETHANOLAMINE SOLUTIONS; TEMPERATURE IONIC LIQUIDS; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; GAS SOLUBILITY; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; N-METHYLDIETHANOLAMINE; LOW-PRESSURE; PLUS 2-AMINO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANOL; MONOETHANOLAMINE SOLUTIONS; EQUILIBRIUM SOLUBILITY C1 [Salminen, Justin; Prausnitz, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Salminen, Justin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Prausnitz, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salminen, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 110 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84755-768-1 PY 2007 BP 337 EP 349 DI 10.1039/9781847557681-00337 D2 10.1039/9781847557681 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA BKY94 UT WOS:000269655200023 ER PT J AU Jagannadham, K Reed, ML Lance, MJ Watkins, TR Verghese, K Butler, JE Smirnov, A AF Jagannadham, K. Reed, M. L. Lance, M. J. Watkins, T. R. Verghese, K. Butler, J. E. Smirnov, A. TI Neutron transmutation of B-10 doped diamond SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE neutron irradiation; diamond; N-type ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ION-IMPLANTED DIAMONDS; SEMICONDUCTING DIAMOND; IRRADIATED DIAMONDS; INFRARED-ABSORPTION; CVD DIAMOND; BORON INCORPORATION; RAMAN-SCATTERING; FILMS; SPECTRUM AB Free standing B-10 isotope doped diamond films deposited by chemical vapor deposition in a microwave chamber were irradiated to thermal neutron fluence values of 0.32 x 10(19), 0.65 x 10(19), 1.3 x 10(19), and 2.6 x 10(19) n/cm(2). Cooling of the diamond films was maintained during irradiation. In a separate experiment, neutron irradiation to a total fluence of 2.4 x 10(20) n/cm(2) with equal fast and thermal neutrons was also performed on a diamond epilayer without cooling during irradiation. The formation of defects in the diamond films was characterized using Raman, FTIR, photoluminescence, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. It was found that defect configurations in diamond responsible for an increase in continuum background in the one-phonon region of Raman spectrum were absent in the films that have been cooled. The FTIR peak at 1530 cm(-1) annealed in the sample irradiated to a fluence of 2.6 x 10(19) n/cm(2) indicating that the sample reached a temperature of 300 degrees C during irradiation. Absence of characteristic infrared absorption peaks that were observed only upon annealing neutron irradiated diamond is used to conclude that the temperature of the sample during neutron irradiation to a fluence of 2.6 x 10 19 n/cm(2) was well below 650 degrees C needed for mobility of defects and accumulation of stable unrecoverable damage. On the other hand, results from diamond epilayer subjected to equal thermal and fast neutron fluence of 2.4 x 10(20) n/cm(2) and without cooling showed that defects formed from displaced carbon atoms became mobile and formed complex configurations of irrecoverable damage. Electrical conductance of the unirradiated and irradiated diamond samples was measured as a function of temperature to determine the compensation of the p-type by the n-type charge carriers. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jagannadham, K (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jag_kasichainula@ncsu.edu RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Jagannadham, Kasichainula/A-2953-2008; Watkins, Thomas/D-8750-2016; Lance, Michael/I-8417-2016; Smirnov, Alex/Q-9818-2016 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Watkins, Thomas/0000-0002-2646-1329; Lance, Michael/0000-0001-5167-5452; Smirnov, Alex/0000-0002-0037-2555 NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 50 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2006.03.019 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 127WW UT WOS:000243618000009 ER PT J AU Radmilovic, V Dahmen, U Gao, D Stoldt, CR Carraro, C Maboudian, R AF Radmilovic, Velimir Dahmen, Ulrich Gao, Di Stoldt, Conrad R. Carraro, Carlo Maboudian, Roya TI Formation of < 111 > fiber texture in beta-SiC films deposited on Si(100) substrates SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE silicon carbide; chemical vapor deposition; nucleation; twinning; texture; intermediate layer; polar crystal growth model ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SILICON-CARBIDE; HETEROEPITAXIAL GROWTH; DIAMOND FILMS; THIN-FILMS; SI(001); ORIENTATION; MORPHOLOGY; MECHANISM AB The evolution of the morphology and the texture of 3C-SiC films grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), using 1,3-disilabutane as precursor, on Si(I 00) substrates is investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Films were found to exhibit a columnar grain structure with a strong < 111 > fiber texture and a high density of stacking faults and twins. The columnar grains do not originate at the substrate surface but on a buffer layer about 3 to 5 nm thick, consisting of interconnected 3D-islands that initiate as epitaxial nuclei. The change from < 100 > epitaxial islands to < 111 > columnar grains can be understood in terms of anisotropic growth rates and multiple twinning. The observed < 111 > fiber texture, faulted substructure, faceted surface morphology and carbon enrichment of the growth surface are in agreement with the proposed growth model. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Radmilovic, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM VRRadmilovic@lbl.gov NR 31 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 74 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2006.03.017 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 127WW UT WOS:000243618000011 ER PT J AU Hernando, J Pourrostami, T Garrido, JA Williams, OA Gruen, DM Kromka, A Steinmuller, D Stutzmann, M AF Hernando, Jorge Pourrostami, Tahmineh Garrido, Jose A. Williams, Oliver A. Gruen, Dieter M. Kromka, Alexander Steinmueller, Doris Stutzmann, Martin TI Immobilization of horseradish peroxidase via an amino silane on oxidized ultrananocrystalline diamond SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE diamond film; nanocrystalline; electrochemical; biomaterials ID DIRECT ELECTRON-TRANSFER; THIN-FILMS; SURFACE; BIOSENSOR AB We discuss the complete functionalization of nitrogen-doped ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films, starting from an oxidized surface. First, the presence of hydroxyl groups on oxidized nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. Next, the grafting of a linker molecule such as 3-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane on oxidized NCD was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Then the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme was immobilized on silane-modified initially oxidized UNCD. The HRP-modified UNCD was characterized by electrochemical techniques, such as faradaic cyclic voltammetry and the amperometric response to H2O2. This response to H2O2 is discussed in terms of the layer-by-layer configuration used and the electronic properties of conducting UNCD. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tech Univ Munich, Walter Schottky Inst, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Chem Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Hartstoffbeschichtungs GmbH, rBest Coating, A-6150 Steinach, Austria. RP Hernando, J (reprint author), Univ Castilla La Mancha, ETSI Ind, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain. EM jorge.hernando@uclm.es RI Williams, Oliver/B-2776-2009; Kromka, Alexander/G-9139-2014; Garrido, Jose A./K-7491-2015; Stutzmann, Martin/B-1480-2012; Hernando-Garcia, Jorge/E-8312-2011; OI Kromka, Alexander/0000-0002-3531-6748; Garrido, Jose A./0000-0001-5621-1067; Hernando-Garcia, Jorge/0000-0002-1651-2372; Williams, Oliver/0000-0002-7210-3004; Stutzmann, Martin/0000-0002-0068-3505 NR 22 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 138 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2006.04.005 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 127WW UT WOS:000243618000020 ER PT S AU Keiser, DD AF Keiser, Dennis D., Jr. BE Sohn, YH Campbell, C Lewis, D Lupulescu, A TI Interdiffusion behavior in gamma-phase U-Mo alloy versus Al-6061 alloy couples fabricated by friction stir welding SO Diffusion in Advanced Materials and Processing SE DEFECT AND DIFFUSION FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Diffusion in Advanced Materials and Processing held at the TMS 136th Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY FEB 25-MAR 01, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP TMS, ASM MSTCS Atom Transport Comm, TMS Alloy Phase Comm, TMS High Temperature Mat Comm, TMS Solidificat Comm, TMS Nucl Mat Comm DE interdiffusion; aluminum; uranium; diffusion couples; nuclear ID DISPERSION FUEL; HIGH-DENSITY AB To better understand interactions between fuel and cladding in research reactor fuels, diffusion couples between gamma-phase U-7 wt% Mo and U-10 wt% Mo alloy fuels and a Si-bearing, Al alloy were fabricated using a friction stir welding technique. The advantage of such a fabrication technique is that it can potentially reduce the amount of aluminum-oxide that might be present at the diffusion couple interface. The presence of oxides at the interface can affect the interdiffusion process. These couples were annealed and characterized using a scanning electron microscope equipped with energy-dispersive and wavelength-dispersive spectrometers. Images were taken of the developed diffusion structures; x-ray maps were generated to identify partitioning behavior of the various components; and, point-to-point analysis was employed to generate composition profiles and to determine phase compositions. To try and determine how the presence of Si in an Al alloy affects the interdiffusion behavior of fuel and cladding components in research reactor nuclear fuels, the results from this study were compared to those from earlier diffusion studies using U-Mo alloys and Al. The formed diffusion zones in some samples annealed for 30 minutes are comprised of Si-rich aluminide phases that appear to be (U,Mo)(0.9)(Al,Si)(4) and (U,Mo)(Si,Al)(2), based on composition. The diffusion rates observed and the types of phases that form can be correlated to the stability of the gamma-U phase, which is a metastable phase. For a sample annealed for a much longer time, large diffusion structures formed and no Si-rich phases were observed. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Keiser, DD (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625,MS 6188, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0386 J9 DEFECT DIFFUS FORUM PY 2007 VL 266 BP 131 EP 148 PG 18 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BGV04 UT WOS:000250748200012 ER PT S AU Joulaee, N Makradi, A Ahzi, S Khaleel, A AF Joulaee, N. Makradi, A. Ahzi, S. Khaleel, A. BE Ochsner, A Gracio, J TI Fracture toughness and crack deflection in porous multilayered ceramics: application to NiO-YSZ SO DIFFUSION IN SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS: HEAT TRANSFER - MICROSTRUCTURE & PROPERTIES SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Diffusion in Solids and Liquids CY JUL 26-28, 2006 CL Univ Aveiro, Aveiro, PORTUGAL SP Ferreira Porto, Vista Alegre, Melid Ria, TEMA, Delta Cafes, ALCOA, FCT, Alianca, Soc Portuguesa Quim, Soc Portuguesa Mat, Saltur Rent Car HO Univ Aveiro DE crack deflection; fracture energy; fracture toughness; porosity; NiO-YSZ ID INTERLAYERS AB The arrangement of ceramic layers in laminated structures is an interesting way to enhance the flaw tolerance of brittle ceramic materials. The interfaces are expected to deflect cracks, increasing the fracture energy of the laminate compared to a monolithic material and thus raising the toughness. The target of this study is to predict the volume fraction of pores, in porous layers, required to cause crack deflection. Formulation of the fracture toughness and fracture energy as function of the material porosity is presented for random and ordered pores distribution. The effect of crack tip-flaws interaction is considered to estimate the pores volume fraction needed for crack deflection. In this work, dense and porous layers of NiO-YSZ material similar to the one used in the fuel cells technology are considered. The fracture energy of a porous material with an ordered distribution of pores shows a possibility of crack deflection at a porosity of 22.5%. However for a system with randomly distributed pores this possibility can be seen at 36% of porosity. C1 [Joulaee, N.; Makradi, A.; Ahzi, S.] Univ Strasbourg, IMFS, UMR 7507, 2 Rue Boussingault, F-67000 Strasbourg, France. [Khaleel, A.] PNNL, Div Comp Sci & Math, Richland, WA USA. RP Joulaee, N (reprint author), Univ Strasbourg, IMFS, UMR 7507, 2 Rue Boussingault, F-67000 Strasbourg, France. EM joulaee@imfs.u-strasbg.fr; makradi@imfs-u-strasbg.fr; ahzi@imfs.u-strasbg.fr; moe.Khaleel@pnl.gov OI khaleel, mohammad/0000-0001-7048-0749 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-0-87849-438-5 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 553 BP 69 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BGM83 UT WOS:000248528300012 ER PT S AU M'Guil, S Ahzi, S Youssef, H Gracio, J Khaleel, A AF M'Guil, S. Ahzi, S. Youssef, H. Gracio, J. Khaleel, A. BE Ochsner, A Gracio, J TI Comparison between self-consistent and intermediate approaches for the simulation of large deformation polycrystal viscoplasticity SO DIFFUSION IN SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS: HEAT TRANSFER - MICROSTRUCTURE & PROPERTIES SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Diffusion in Solids and Liquids CY JUL 26-28, 2006 CL Univ Aveiro, Aveiro, PORTUGAL SP Ferreira Porto, Vista Alegre, Melid Ria, TEMA, Delta Cafes, ALCOA, FCT, Alianca, Soc Portuguesa Quim, Soc Portuguesa Mat, Saltur Rent Car HO Univ Aveiro DE polycrystal plasticity; texture transition; intermediate model; self-consistent model ID TEXTURE DEVELOPMENT; FCC METALS; PLASTICITY; STRAIN AB In this work, we propose a comparison between two different approaches for the simulation of the large deformation response and crystallographic texture evolution in polycrystals. The first approach is the well-know self-consistent scheme. For this, we used the Visco-Plastic-Self-Consistent (VPSC) approach. The second approach is based oil a recently developed intermediate modeling. In a first part of this paper, we present the VPSC model. In a second part, we define the intermediate linear modeling which is based on a linear combination of Taylor and Sachs models using a weight parameter. For the comparison of these two approaches, we present different results in the case of uniaxial tests for an FCC polycrystal for different values of the weight parameter for the intermediate modeling and for different formulations of the macroscopic moduli in the self-consistent model. C1 [M'Guil, S.; Ahzi, S.; Youssef, H.] Univ Strasbourg, IMFS, CNRS, UMR 7507, 2 Rue Boussingault, F-67000 Strasbourg, France. [Youssef, H.] Univ Aveiro, TEMA, Dept Engn Mech, P-3800 Aveiro, Portugal. [Khaleel, A.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Div Comp Sci & Math, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP M'Guil, S (reprint author), Univ Strasbourg, IMFS, CNRS, UMR 7507, 2 Rue Boussingault, F-67000 Strasbourg, France. EM mguil@imfs.u-strasbg.fr; ahzi@imfs.u-strasbg.fr; youssef@imfs.u-strasbg.fr; jgracio@mec.ua.pt; moe.khaleel@pnl.gov OI khaleel, mohammad/0000-0001-7048-0749; Gracio, Jose/0000-0002-0343-4387 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-0-87849-438-5 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 553 BP 81 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BGM83 UT WOS:000248528300014 ER PT S AU Minor, AM Stach, EA Morris, JW AF Minor, Andrew M. Stach, Eric A. Morris, J. W., Jr. BE Nabarro, FRN Hirth, JP TI In situ Nanoindentation in a Transmission Electron Microscope SO DISLOCATIONS IN SOLIDS, VOL 13 SE Dislocations in Solids LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GRAIN-BOUNDARY MOTION; PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; ION-BEAM; COHERENT TRANSFORMATIONS; DISLOCATION NUCLEATION; MARTENSITIC STEEL; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; HARD COATINGS C1 [Minor, Andrew M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stach, Eric A.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Morris, J. W., Jr.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Minor, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 100 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1572-4859 BN 978-0-08-052468-9; 978-0-44-451888-0 J9 DISCLOC SOLIDS PY 2007 VL 13 BP 453 EP 497 DI 10.1016/S1572-4859(07)80010-6 PG 45 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BCP50 UT WOS:000310965800009 ER PT S AU Ice, GE Barabash, RI AF Ice, G. E. Barabash, R. I. BE Nabarro, FRN Hirth, JP TI White Beam Microdiffraction and Dislocations Gradients SO DISLOCATIONS IN SOLIDS, VOL 13 SE Dislocations in Solids LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COPPER SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PLASTICALLY DEFORMED COPPER; X-RAY MICRODIFFRACTION; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; RANGE INTERNAL-STRESSES; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; THIN-FILMS; MASKLESS PENDEOEPITAXY; DEFORMATION STRUCTURES; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC TILT C1 [Ice, G. E.; Barabash, R. I.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Barabash, R. I.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Mat Proc, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Barabash, RI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM barabashr@ornl.gov NR 133 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1572-4859 BN 978-0-08-052468-9 J9 DISCLOC SOLIDS PY 2007 VL 13 BP 499 EP 601 DI 10.1016/S1572-4859(07)80011-8 PG 103 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BCP50 UT WOS:000310965800010 ER PT S AU Bettencourt, LMA Hagberg, AA Larkey, LB AF Bettencourt, Luis M. A. Hagberg, Aric A. Larkey, Levi B. BE Aspnes, J Scheideler, C Arora, A Madden, S TI Separating the wheat from the chaff: Practical anomaly detection schemes in ecological applications of distributed sensor networks SO DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING IN SENSOR SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems CY JUN 18-20, 2007 CL Santa Fe, NM SP IEEE Tech Comm Parallel Proc, IEEE Tech Comm Distributed Proc, Univ Geneva, Ctr Univ Informat, TCS Sensor Lab, European Assoc Theoret Comp Sci ID WEB AB We develop a practical, distributed algorithm to detect events, identify measurement errors, and infer missing readings in ecological applications of wireless sensor networks. To address issues of non-stationarity in environmental data streams, each sensor-processor learns statistical distributions of differences between its readings and those of its neighbors, as well as between its current and previous measurements. Scalar physical quantities such as air temperature, soil moisture, and light flux naturally display a large degree of spatiotemporal coherence, which gives a spectrum of fluctuations between adjacent or consecutive measurements with small variances. This feature permits stable estimation over a small state space. The resulting probability distributions of differences, estimated online in real time, are then used in statistical significance tests to identify rare events. Utilizing the spatio-temporal distributed nature of the measurements across the network, these events are classified as single mode failures-usually corresponding to measurement errors at a single sensor- or common mode events. The event structure also allows the network to automatically attribute potential measurement errors to specific sensors and to correct them in real time via a combination of current measurements at neighboring nodes and the statistics of differences between them. Compared to methods that use Bayesian classification of raw data streams at each sensor, this algorithm is more storage-efficient, learns faster, and is more robust in the face of non-stationary phenomena. Field results from a wireless sensor network (Sensor Web) deployed at Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge are presented. C1 [Bettencourt, Luis M. A.; Hagberg, Aric A.; Larkey, Levi B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Larkey, Levi B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Comp Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bettencourt, LMA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU DCI Postdoctoral Fellowship; USDA-ARS Remote Sensing Research Unit; Subtropical Agricultural Research Laboratory,Weslaco FX This work was supported in part by a DCI Postdoctoral Fellowship to L. B. Larkey. We thank S. Collins and R. Brown at Sevilleta LTER, and K. Delin at NASA JPL, for enabling and encouraging this work, and R. Nemzek at LANL for discussions. The image in Fig. 2 was taken by the USDA-ARS Remote Sensing Research Unit, Subtropical Agricultural Research Laboratory,Weslaco, TX. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-73089-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4549 BP 223 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BGJ98 UT WOS:000247855100015 ER PT S AU Djidjev, HN AF Djidjev, Hristo N. BE Aspnes, J Scheideler, C Arora, A Madden, S TI Efficient computation of minimum exposure paths in a sensor network field SO Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems, Proceedings SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems CY JUN 18-20, 2007 CL Santa Fe, NM SP IEEE Tech Comm Parallel Proc, IEEE Tech Comm Distributed Proc, Univ Geneva, Ctr Univ Informat, TCS Sensor Lab, European Assoc Theoret Comp Sci ID COVERAGE AB The exposure of a path p is a measure of the likelihood that an object traveling along p is detected by a network of sensors and it is formally defined as an integral over all points x of p of the sensibility (the strength of the signal coming from x) times the element of path length. The minimum exposure path (MEP) problem is, given a pair of points x and y inside a sensor field, find a path between x and y of a minimum exposure. In this paper we introduce the first rigorous treatment of the problem, designing an approximation algorithm for the MEP problem with guaranteed performance characteristics. Given a convex polygon P of size n with O(n) sensors inside it and any real number epsilon > 0, our algorithm finds a path in P whose exposure is within an 1 + epsilon factor of the exposure of the MEP, in time O(n/epsilon(2)psi), where psi is a topological characteristic of the field. We also describe a framework for a faster implementation of our algorithm, which reduces the time by a factor of approximately Theta(1/epsilon), by keeping the same approximation ratio. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Djidjev, HN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-73089-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4549 BP 295 EP 308 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BGJ98 UT WOS:000247855100020 ER PT J AU Scarpazza, DP AF Scarpazza, Daniele Paolo TI Practical parsing for ANSI C - The devil is in the details SO DR DOBBS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Scarpazza, DP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM scarpaz@scarpaz.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MILLER FREEMAN, INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 600 HARRISON ST,, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1044-789X J9 DR DOBBS J JI Dr. Dobbs J. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 48 EP + PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 134AM UT WOS:000244055000012 ER PT B AU O'Reilly, GP Richman, SH Kelic, A AF O'Reilly, Gerard P. Richman, Steven H. Kelic, Andjelka GP IEEE TI Power, Telecommunications, and Emergency Services in a Converged Network World SO DRCN: 2007 6TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE DESIGN OF RELIABLE COMMUNICATION NETWORKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Design of Reliable Communication Networks CY OCT 07-10, 2007 CL La Rochelle, FRANCE DE critical infrastructures; reliability; dynamic simulation; emergency services AB Critical national infrastructures for power, emergency services, finance, and other basic industries rely heavily on information and telecommunications networks (voice, data, Internet) to provide services and conduct business. While today's legacy networks tend to be highly reliable, tomorrow's converged networks may be less reliable and outages can have cascading effects to other infrastructures. This paper describes a dynamic simulation model of power outages on converged networks which cascades to impact telecommunication for services with limited power back-up, which cascades to impact emergency services (911 or 112 calling). C1 [O'Reilly, Gerard P.; Richman, Steven H.] Bell Labs, Alcatel Lucent, 101 Crawford Corner Rd, Holmdel, NJ 07733 USA. [Kelic, Andjelka] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP O'Reilly, GP (reprint author), Bell Labs, Alcatel Lucent, 101 Crawford Corner Rd, Holmdel, NJ 07733 USA. EM goreilly@alcatel-lucent.com; akelic@sandia.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3824-2 PY 2007 BP 7 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJX70 UT WOS:000267363800002 ER PT B AU Huiban, G Datta, P AF Huiban, Gurvan Datta, Pallab GP IEEE TI Multi-Metrics Reconfiguration in Core WDM Networks SO DRCN: 2007 6TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE DESIGN OF RELIABLE COMMUNICATION NETWORKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Design of Reliable Communication Networks CY OCT 07-10, 2007 CL La Rochelle, FRANCE DE Reconfiguration; WDM networks; Optimization; MILP; Simulated annealing ID OPTICAL NETWORKS; MESH NETWORKS AB We consider the reconfiguration problem in multi-fiber WDM optical networks. In a network with evolving traffic, the virtual topology may not remain optimal, leading to degradation of network performance. However, adapting the virtual topology to the changing traffic may lead to service disruption. This optimization problem hence captures the trade-off between network performance and number of reconfigurations applied to the virtual topology. This trade-off is considered via a multi-metrics approach. The above problem is solved through a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation with a multivariate objective function. However the problem is NP-hard and such an approach is unable to solve large problem instances in a reasonable time. Therefore we propose a simulated annealing (SA) based heuristic approach for solving problems of higher complexity. We compare the performance and the computation time of solving the MILP model and the heuristic approach considering different test instances. We can find near optimal solutions for instances of medium complexity using the MILP model. The SA scheme can be used as a heuristic to arrive at near optimal solutions when the run-time of the MILP becomes practically infeasible. It also appears that the trade-off's involved in the reconfiguration problem cannot be left aside, as a little flexibility with respect to one metric allows to drastically improve the quality of the solution with respect to other metrics. C1 [Huiban, Gurvan] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, MASCOTTE Team, I3S CNRS INRIA, Nice, France. [Datta, Pallab] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Huiban, G (reprint author), Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, MASCOTTE Team, I3S CNRS INRIA, Nice, France. EM gurvan.huiban@sophia.inria.fr; pallab@lanl.gov FU CNPQ; French PACA province; a Lavoisier grant from the French "Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres", by ACI-SI PRESTO and by European project IST FET AEOLUS; Los Alamos Technical Report [LA-UR-07-3547] FX This work has been partially funded by a grant from CNPQ, by a grant from French PACA province, by a Lavoisier grant from the French Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres, by ACI-SI PRESTO and by European project IST FET AEOLUS. This manuscript is also available as Los Alamos Technical Report LA-UR-07-3547 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3824-2 PY 2007 BP 55 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJX70 UT WOS:000267363800009 ER PT J AU Yoon, SS Kim, HY Hewson, JC Suo-Anttila, JM Glaze, DJ DesJardin, PE AF Yoon, S. S. Kim, H. Y. Hewson, J. C. Suo-Anttila, J. M. Glaze, D. J. DesJardin, P. E. TI A modeling investigation of suppressant distribution from a prototype solid-propellant gas-generator suppression system into a simulated aircraft cargo bay SO DRYING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE distribution; fire suppression; KBr; stochastic separated flow mode; suppressant ID NONSPHERICAL PARTICLES; PREDICTION; SPRAYS; DRAG AB One new technology for fire suppressant distribution in total-flooding applications is the solid-propellant gas-generator (SPGG) technology. This article presents experimental and modeling studies of one such prototype system in order to better understand observations in the testing of this system. This particular SPGG system generates fine particles that act to suppress any fire in conjunction with inert gases also generated in the SPGG system. Initial conditions for the simulations are obtained from the available measurements of the prototype system. The modeling provides key information related to the distribution of the particles and their potential effectiveness as a fire suppressant. The primary variable in the SPGG design as identified in the initial measurements, also presented here, was the particle size, with typical particle sizes being measured at 2 and 15 mu m. The key modeling result is that there is a tradeoff between the most uniform distribution of particles and the available surface-to-volume ratio for chemical suppression. Information is also provided regarding the thermal dissipation from the SPGG system. C1 Korea Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Seoul 136713, South Korea. Sandia Natl Labs, Fire Sci & Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Yoon, SS (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Anamdong,5-Ga, Seoul 136713, South Korea. EM skyoon@korea.ac.kr NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0737-3937 J9 DRY TECHNOL JI Dry. Technol. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 4-6 BP 1011 EP 1023 DI 10.1080/07373930701396410 PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 184XZ UT WOS:000247677200060 ER PT S AU Salman, F Arnold, J Zhang, P Chai, G Stevie, FA Chow, L AF Salman, F. Arnold, J. Zhang, P. Chai, G. Stevie, F. A. Chow, L. BE Beke, DL Erdelyi, Z Szabo, IA TI Redistribution of implanted species in polycrystalline silicon films on silicon substrate SO DS 2006: DIFFUSION AND STRESSES SE Defect and Diffusion Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Diffusion and Stresses CY SEP 19-22, 2006 CL Lillafured, HUNGARY DE polycrystalline silicon; diffusion; secondary ion mass spectrometry; ion implantation ID DIFFUSION; POLYSILICON; IMPURITIES; FLUORINE; BORON; SI AB Redistributions of implanted species after thermal annealing in polycrystalline silicon (poly-silicon) were studied by secondary ion mass spectrometry. Ten different elements were implanted into poly-silicon films grown on Si substrates. The implanted energies were chosen such that the expected ion range is within the poly-silicon film. Thermal anneals were carried out at temperatures between 300 degrees C and 1000 degrees C in flowing high purity Ar gas. Three different diffusion behaviors have been observed for these elements. For Be, Na, Ga, and Cr, most of the implanted ions diffused out to the surface of the poly-silicon film after anneal at 1000 degrees C. For K, Ca, Ti, and Ge, the impurity ions diffused deeper into the bulk after anneal at 1000 degrees C. For Cl and Mn ions, the concentration distributions became narrower when annealed at high temperatures. C1 [Salman, F.; Arnold, J.; Chai, G.; Chow, L.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Zhang, P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhang, P.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stevie, F. A.] North Carolina State Univ, Anal Instrumentat Fac, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Salman, F (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM salman@physics.ucf.edu; arnold@physics.ucf.edu; pzang@lbl.gov; guangyuchai@yahoo.com; fred_stevie@ncsu.edu; chow@ucf.edu RI Szabo, Istvan/A-7628-2013; Chow, Lee/A-8106-2009 OI Chow, Lee/0000-0001-7729-6848 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0386 J9 DEFECT DIFFUS FORUM PY 2007 VL 264 BP 7 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BGM88 UT WOS:000248532100002 ER PT S AU Prokofjev, SI Zhilin, VM Johnson, E Dahmen, U AF Prokofjev, S. I. Zhilin, V. M. Johnson, E. Dahmen, U. BE Beke, DL Erdelyi, Z Szabo, IA TI Effect of morphology on the mobility of nanosized liquid pb inclusions in solid Al SO DS 2006: DIFFUSION AND STRESSES SE Defect and Diffusion Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Diffusion and Stresses CY SEP 19-22, 2006 CL Lillafured, HUNGARY DE transmission electron microscopy; liquid lead inclusions; aluminum matrix; thermal motion; dislocations; diffusion coefficient; microscopic mechanism; roughening transformation ID LEAD INCLUSIONS; NANOSCALE LEAD; ALUMINUM; DISLOCATIONS; SHAPE; MIGRATION; CRYSTALS; ENERGY; MOTION AB Diffusion of nanosized liquid Pb inclusions attached to dislocations in thin aluminum foils was investigated in a wide temperature range using in-situ transmission electron microscopy. Trajectories of motion of the inclusions along the dislocations were used to determine their diffusion coefficients. The temperature and size dependences of diffusion coefficients of the inclusions were obtained. They indicate that (i) studied inclusions hold {111} facets on their surface in the studied temperature range; (ii) the mobility of the inclusions is controlled by step nucleation at the {111) facets. C1 [Prokofjev, S. I.; Zhilin, V. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. [Prokofjev, S. I.; Johnson, E.] Univ Copenhagen, NBI, Nano Sci Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Johnson, E.] Riso Natl Lab, Dept Mat Res, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Dahmen, U.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Elect Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Prokofjev, SI (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. RI Szabo, Istvan/A-7628-2013 FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [05-03-33141]; Danish Natural Science Research Council; Director, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science Division, US Department of Energy [DE-AC3-76SF00098] FX The work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project 05-03-33141), the Danish Natural Science Research Council, and the Director, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science Division, US Department of Energy, under contract DE-AC3-76SF00098. We are grateful to P. Ochin and his group (CNRS-CECM) for providing rapidly solidified materials NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0386 J9 DEFECT DIFFUS FORUM PY 2007 VL 264 BP 55 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BGM88 UT WOS:000248532100009 ER PT S AU Bokstein, B Epishin, A Esin, V Mendelev, M Rodin, A Zhevnenko, S AF Bokstein, Boris Epishin, Alexander Esin, Vladimir Mendelev, Mikhail Rodin, Alexey Zhevnenko, Sergey BE Beke, DL Erdelyi, Z Szabo, IA TI Cross diffusion-stresses effects SO DS 2006: DIFFUSION AND STRESSES SE Defect and Diffusion Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Diffusion and Stresses CY SEP 19-22, 2006 CL Lillafured, HUNGARY DE diffusion; stresses; mobility-stress effect; activation volume; flux-stress effect; vacancies-stress effect; vacancies fluxes; growth and dissolution of pores; Ni-based superalloys; Al ID FORMATION VOLUME; PRESSURE; VACANCIES AB Three cross diffusion-stresses effects are considered: mobility-stress effect, flux-stress effect and vacancy-stress effect. The value of the migration volume for vacancies in Al is found from atomistic computer simulation. A cross vacancy-stress effect is applied to the process of the pores growth and dissolution in Ni-based superalloys. C1 [Bokstein, Boris; Epishin, Alexander; Esin, Vladimir; Rodin, Alexey; Zhevnenko, Sergey] State Inst Steel & Alloys, Dept Phys, Moscow 119049, Russia. [Bokstein, Boris; Epishin, Alexander; Esin, Vladimir; Rodin, Alexey; Zhevnenko, Sergey] State Inst Steel & Alloys, Dept Chem, Moscow 119049, Russia. [Mendelev, Mikhail] Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bokstein, B (reprint author), State Inst Steel & Alloys, Dept Phys, Moscow 119049, Russia. EM bokst@misis.ru RI Szabo, Istvan/A-7628-2013; Esin, Vladimir/B-1322-2013; Rodine, Alexey/H-1381-2011 OI Rodine, Alexey/0000-0003-1209-7594 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); Iowa State University [W-7405-ENG-82]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences of US DOE; RFBR [05-03-32910a]; Russian Federal Agency for Science and Innovations [RNP 2.1.1.8191] FX The Ames Laboratory is operated by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) by Iowa State University under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-82. MIM was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences of US DOE. BSB was supported by RFBR (Grant 05-03-32910a) and Russian Federal Agency for Science and Innovations (Grant RNP 2.1.1.8191). NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0386 J9 DEFECT DIFFUS FORUM PY 2007 VL 264 BP 79 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BGM88 UT WOS:000248532100012 ER PT S AU Salman, F Zhang, P Stevie, FA Chow, L AF Salman, F. Zhang, P. Stevie, F. A. Chow, L. BE Beke, DL Erdelyi, Z Szabo, IA TI Diffusion of implanted metals in tantalum silicide SO DS 2006: DIFFUSION AND STRESSES SE Defect and Diffusion Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Diffusion and Stresses CY SEP 19-22, 2006 CL Lillafured, HUNGARY DE silicide; diffusion; ion implantation; SIMS AB In this paper we presented the diffusion behavior of K-39, Ca-40, Ti-48, V-51, Cr-52 and Mn-55 ion implanted into 500 mn TaSi2 layers co-sputtered on silicon. The samples were annealed at temperatures ranging from 300-1000 degrees C for 30 minutes. The transition elements studied (Ti-48, V-51, Cr-52 and Mn-55) show very similar diffusion behavior. SIMS profiles show no movement for these transition metal elements for the 300 and 500 degrees C annealed samples, some diffusion at 700 degrees C, and significant diffusion at 900 and 1000 degrees C For Alkali or alkaline metals such as K-38 and Ca-40, SIMS depth profiles show more limited. Ti, V, Cr, and Mn diffuse faster than K and Ca in this silicide. C1 [Salman, F.; Chow, L.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Zhang, P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhang, P.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stevie, F. A.; Chow, L.] N Carolina State Univ, Analyt Instrumentat Facil, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Salman, F (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM salman@physics.ucf.edu; pzang@lbl.gov; fredstevie@ncsu.edu; chow@ucf.edu RI Szabo, Istvan/A-7628-2013; Chow, Lee/A-8106-2009 OI Chow, Lee/0000-0001-7729-6848 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0386 J9 DEFECT DIFFUS FORUM PY 2007 VL 264 BP 151 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BGM88 UT WOS:000248532100020 ER PT J AU Chu, SP Elliott, S Erickson, D AF Chu, Shaoping Elliott, Scott Erickson, David TI Basin-scale carbon monoxide distributions in the parallel ocean program SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE carbon monoxide; dissolved concentrations; OGCM ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; NORTHWESTERN SARGASSO SEA; CLIMATE SYSTEM MODEL; AMMONIUM OXIDIZERS; ECOSYSTEM MODEL; EUPHOTIC ZONE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; MIXED-LAYER; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; WATER AB As a primary photochemical constituent in upper-ocean and tropospheric geocycling, carbon monoxide is of interest to a variety of global change research communities. Dynamic three-dimensional simulations of its marine concentration patterns, emphasizing Pacific surface waters, are presented. Calculations were driven by nitrogen/iron ecodynamics within the Parallel Ocean Program ( POP) transport framework. Photoproduction was estimated following broadband transfer of ultraviolet A radiation down to and penetrating the mixed layer. Quantum efficiency, absorption, the chromophoric fraction of dissolved organics, and related microchemical parameters were all varied, in some cases collectively. Bacterial uptake was parameterized through stages of refinement ranging from a single global average time constant to the application of steady-state zooplanktonic grazing pressure. Major features of basin-spanning ship track data can be reproduced including tropical to gyre and temperate frontal ratios. Evidence for ecosystem structural influence upon the removal kinetics is reviewed and investigated. Polar waters exhibit unique processing modes and the periphery of the ocean requires specialized handling of organic and bacterial behavior. Large-scale budgets are consistent with recent independent determinations both with respect to internal turnover and flux to the atmosphere. A parsimonious mechanism involving optimized yield is recommended for early system model efforts. Areas awaiting improvement include resolution of UV and the segregation of both light-interacting carbon compounds and microbial populations as tracers. C1 [Chu, Shaoping; Elliott, Scott] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Climate Ocean Sea Ice Model Project, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Erickson, David] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Climat Dynam Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Elliott, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Climate Ocean Sea Ice Model Project, Mail Stop D413, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sme@lanl.gov NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PY 2007 VL 11 AR 22 DI 10.1175/EI211.1 PG 30 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 250EJ UT WOS:000252282500001 ER PT J AU Fischer, ML Billesbach, DP Berry, JA Riley, WJ Torn, MS AF Fischer, Marc L. Billesbach, David P. Berry, Joseph A. Riley, William J. Torn, Margaret S. TI Spatiotemporal variations in growing season exchanges of CO2, H2O, and sensible heat in agricultural fields of the Southern Great Plains SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE agriculture; carbon dioxide; carbon cycle; CO2 flux; land use; spatial scaling; Southern Great Plains; wheat ID NATIVE TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; WATER-VAPOR; MESOSCALE MODEL; ENERGY-EXCHANGE; FLUXES; ECOSYSTEM; GRASSLAND; RADIATION; SORGHUM AB Climate, vegetation cover, and management create finescale heterogeneity in unirrigated agricultural regions, with important but not well-quantified consequences for spatial and temporal variations in surface CO2, water, and heat fluxes. Eddy covariance fluxes were measured in seven agricultural fields-comprising winter wheat, pasture, and sorghum - in the U.S. Southern Great Plains (SGP) during the 2001 - 03 growing seasons. Land cover was the dominant source of variation in surface fluxes, with 50%-100% differences between fields planted in winter - spring versus fields planted in summer. Interannual variation was driven mainly by precipitation, which varied more than twofold between years. Peak aboveground biomass and growing season net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 increased in rough proportion to precipitation. Based on a partitioning of gross fluxes with a regression model, ecosystem respiration increased linearly with gross primary production, but with an offset that increased near the time of seed production. Because the regression model was designed for well-watered periods, it successfully retrieved NEE and ecosystem parameters during the peak growing season and identified periods of moisture limitation during the summer. In summary, the effects of crop type, land management, and water limitation on carbon, water, and energy fluxes were large. Capturing the controlling factors in landscape-scale models will be necessary to estimate the ecological feedbacks to climate and other environmental impacts associated with changing human needs for agricultural production of food, fiber, and energy. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Dept Atmospher Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Div Global Ecol, Stanford, CA USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Fischer, ML (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Dept Atmospher Sci, Mail Stop 90K-125,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mlfischer@lbl.gov RI Berry, Joseph/B-8211-2009; Riley, William/D-3345-2015; Torn, Margaret/D-2305-2015 OI Berry, Joseph/0000-0002-5849-6438; Riley, William/0000-0002-4615-2304; NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PY 2007 VL 11 AR 17 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 239RD UT WOS:000251534500001 ER PT J AU Girod, CM Hurtt, GC Frolking, S Aber, JD King, AW AF Girod, C. M. Hurtt, G. C. Frolking, S. Aber, J. D. King, A. W. TI The tension between fire risk and carbon storage: evaluating US carbon and fire management strategies through ecosystem models SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE carbon storage; fire model; fire suppression ID GLOBAL VEGETATION MODEL; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FOREST-FIRES; DYNAMICS; FUTURE; PERSPECTIVE; DISTURBANCE; EMISSIONS; INDONESIA AB Fire risk and carbon storage are related environmental issues because fire reduction results in carbon storage through the buildup of woody vegetation, and stored carbon is a fuel for fires. The sustainability of the U. S. carbon sink and the extent of fire activity in the next 100 yr depend in part on the type and effectiveness of fire reduction employed. Previous studies have bracketed the range of dynamics from continued fire reduction to the complete failure of fire reduction activities. To improve these estimates, it is necessary to explicitly account for fire reduction in terrestrial models. A new fire reduction submodel that estimates the spatiotemporal pattern of reduction across the United States was developed using gridded data on biomass, climate, land-use, population, and economic factors. To the authors' knowledge, it is the first large-scale, gridded fire model that explicitly accounts for fire reduction. The model was calibrated to 1 x 1 burned area statistics [ Global Burnt Area 2000 Project (GBA-2000)] and compared favorably to three important diagnostics. The model was then implemented in a spatially explicit ecosystem model and used to analyze 1620 scenarios of future fire risk and fire reduction strategies. Under scenarios of climate change and urbanization, burned area and carbon emissions both increased in scenarios where fire reduction efforts were not adjusted to match new patterns of fire risk. Fuel reducing management strategies reduced burned area and fire risk, but also limited carbon storage. These results suggest that to promote carbon storage and minimize fire risk in the future, fire reduction efforts will need to be increased and spatially adjusted and will need to employ a mixture of fuel-reducing and non-fuel-reducing strategies. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Girod, CM (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM cgirod@gmail.com RI Hurtt, George/A-8450-2012 NR 85 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PY 2007 VL 11 AR 2 PG 33 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 133LF UT WOS:000244013700001 ER PT S AU Tobin, KW Bingham, PR Price, JR AF Tobin, Kenneth W. Bingham, Philip R. Price, Jeffery R. BE Fofi, D Meriaudeau, F TI Optical spatial heterodyned interferometry for inspection of micro-electro-mechanical systems - art. no. 63560G SO Eight International Conference on Quality Control by Artificial Vision SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Quality Control by Artificial Vision CY MAY 23-25, 2007 CL Le Creusot, FRANCE SP CNRS, Le2i UMR, Site Univ Creusotin, Ctr Univ Condorcet IUT Creusot, Univ Bourgogne, Ville Creusot, Commun Urbaine Creusot-Montceau, Conseil Gen Saone Loire, Conseil Reg Bourgogne, IEEE France Sect, SPIE Europe, Biomat Network DE spatial heterodyned interferometry; holography; inspection; metrology; MEMS AB Interferometric imaging has the potential to extend the usefulness of optical microscopes by encoding small phase shifts that reveal information about topology and materials. At the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), we have developed an optical Spatial Heterodyne Interferometry (SHI) method that captures reflection images containing both phase and amplitude information at a high rate of speed. By measuring the phase of a wavefront reflected off or transmitted through a surface, the relative surface heights and some materials properties can be measured. In this paper we briefly review our historical application of SHI in the semiconductor industry, but the focus is on new research to adapt this technology to the inspection of MEMS devices, in particular to the characterization of motion elements such as rnicrocantilevers and deformable mirror arrays. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tobin, KW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6451-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6356 BP G3560 EP G3560 AR 63560G DI 10.1117/12.736740 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BGL41 UT WOS:000248191000014 ER PT B AU Lenci, SJ Eisen, EL McCarthy, M AF Lenci, Stephan J. Eisen, Edward L. McCarthy, Michael GP IEEE TI Status of the 805-MHz, 550 kW pulsed klystron for the spallation neutron source SO EIGHTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference CY MAY 15-17, 2007 CL Kitakyushu, JAPAN SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, City Kitakyushu DE klystron; cathode; reliability; SNS AB Communications and Power Industries, Inc (CPI) produced 81 klystrons for the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The klystrons are rated for 550 kW peak at 805 MHz. The klystron production and factory test data provided confidence the device would provide reliable service. Seventy units have accumulated 866, 000 hours of filament operation and 633, 000 hours of high voltage operation to date. C1 [Lenci, Stephan J.; Eisen, Edward L.] Commun & Power Ind Inc, 811 Hansen Way, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. [McCarthy, Michael] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Lenci, SJ (reprint author), Commun & Power Ind Inc, 811 Hansen Way, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. EM steve.lenci@cpii.com NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0633-3 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2007 BP 155 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGO45 UT WOS:000248945500072 ER PT B AU Laurent, L Scheitrum, G AF Laurent, L. Scheitrum, G. GP IEEE TI Copper, tungsten and molybdenum RF breakdown experiments SO EIGHTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference CY MAY 15-17, 2007 CL Kitakyushu, JAPAN SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, City Kitakyushu C1 [Laurent, L.; Scheitrum, G.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94303 USA. RP Laurent, L (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94303 USA. EM laurent@slac.stanford.edu FU Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00515] FX This work has been supported by the Department of Energy contract DE-AC03-76SF00515. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0633-3 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2007 BP 181 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGO45 UT WOS:000248945500085 ER PT B AU Scheitrum, G Caryotakis, G Jensen, A Burke, A Haase, A Jongewaard, E Neubauer, M Steele, B AF Scheitrum, G. Caryotakis, G. Jensen, A. Burke, A. Haase, A. Jongewaard, E. Neubauer, M. Steele, B. GP IEEE TI Fabrication and testing of a W-band sheet beam klystron SO EIGHTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference CY MAY 15-17, 2007 CL Kitakyushu, JAPAN SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, City Kitakyushu C1 [Scheitrum, G.; Caryotakis, G.; Jensen, A.; Burke, A.; Haase, A.; Jongewaard, E.; Neubauer, M.; Steele, B.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94303 USA. RP Scheitrum, G (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94303 USA. EM glenn@slac.stanford.edu FU Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00515] FX This work has been supported by the Department of Energy contract DE-AC03-76SF00515. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0633-3 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2007 BP 191 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGO45 UT WOS:000248945500090 ER PT B AU Ogawa, I Kobayashi, Y Idehara, T Saito, T Park, H Mazzucato, E AF Ogawa, I. Kobayashi, Y. Idehara, T. Saito, T. Park, H. Mazzucato, E. GP IEEE TI Plasma scattering measurement using a gyrotron as a radiation source SO EIGHTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference CY MAY 15-17, 2007 CL Kitakyushu, JAPAN SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, City Kitakyushu DE high frequency gyrotron; submillimeter wave; plasma scattering measurement AB High frequency gyrotrons are characterized by their capacity to generate powerful radiation in millimeter to submillimeter wavelength range. However, a gyrotron produces a spreading radiation with a spatial structure of the TEmn circular waveguide mode. Functional quasi-optical systems to transmit and to tune the waist size of Gaussian beam converted from gyrotron output are necessary to the application of gyrotron as a radiation source. Such systems enable us to ensure the effective coupling of beam to sample and waveguide. C1 [Ogawa, I.; Kobayashi, Y.; Idehara, T.; Saito, T.] Univ Fukui, Res Ctr Dev Far Infrared Reg, Bunkyo 3-9-1, Fukui 9108507, Japan. [Park, H.; Mazzucato, E.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Ogawa, I (reprint author), Univ Fukui, Res Ctr Dev Far Infrared Reg, Bunkyo 3-9-1, Fukui 9108507, Japan. EM ogawa@fir.fukui-u.ac.jp NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0633-3 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2007 BP 285 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGO45 UT WOS:000248945500136 ER PT B AU Petillo, J Panagos, D Stoner, W DeFord, J Held, B Nelson, E Levush, B AF Petillo, John Panagos, Dimitios Stoner, William DeFord, John Held, Ben Nelson, Eric Levush, Baruch GP IEEE TI Design and optimization electron guns and depressed collectors - Using the MICHELLE code in the ANALYST environment SO EIGHTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference CY MAY 15-17, 2007 CL Kitakyushu, JAPAN SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, City Kitakyushu C1 [Petillo, John] SAIC, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. [Panagos, Dimitios; Stoner, William; DeFord, John; Held, Ben] STAR Inc, Mequon, WI 53092 USA. [Nelson, Eric] LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Levush, Baruch] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Petillo, J (reprint author), SAIC, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. EM petilloj@saic.com NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0633-3 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2007 BP 355 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGO45 UT WOS:000248945500171 ER PT B AU Constandache, I Olmedilla, D Siebenlist, F AF Constandache, Ionut Olmedilla, Daniel Siebenlist, Frank GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Policy-driven negotiation for authorization in the grid SO EIGHTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON POLICIES FOR DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE International Workshop on Policies for Distributed Systems and Networks CY JUN 13-15, 2007 CL Bologna, ITALY SP IEEE, EMANICS, IEEE Comp Soc, CPS ID WEB AB In many Grid services deployments, the clients and servers reside in different administrative domains. Hence, there is a requirement both to discover each other's authorization policy, in order to be able to present the right assertions that allow access, and to reveal as little as possible of the access policy details to unauthorized parties. This paper describes a mechanism where the client and servers are semantically annotated with policies that protect their resources. These annotations specify both constraints and capabilities that are used during a negotiation to reason about and communicate the need to see certain credentials from the other party and to determine whether requested credentials can be obtained and revealed. The result of the negotiation is a state where both parties have satisfied their policy, constraints for a subsequent interaction or where such interaction is disallowed by either or both. Furthermore, we present an implementation of a prototype, based on the PEERTRUST policy language, and a reasoning engine that is integrated in the Web services runtime component of the Globus Toolkit. The negotiation process is facilitated through the implementation of WSRF-compliant service interfaces for protocol message exchanges. C1 [Constandache, Ionut] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Olmedilla, Daniel] L3S Res Ctr, Hannover, Germany. [Siebenlist, Frank] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Constandache, I (reprint author), Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM ionut@cs.duke.edu; olmedllla@L3S.de; franks@mcs.anl.gov FU European Commission; Swiss State Secretariat for Education and Research within the 6th Framework Programme project REWERSE [506779]; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Dept. of Energy [W-31-109-Eng-38] FX This work was partially funded by the European Commission and by the Swiss State Secretariat for Education and Research within the 6th Framework Programme project REWERSE number 506779 (cf. http://rewerse. net), and by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Dept. of Energy, under Contract W-31-109-Eng-38. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2767-3 PY 2007 BP 211 EP + DI 10.1109/POLICY.2007.36 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BGL75 UT WOS:000248228900027 ER PT J AU Radu, A Peper, S Bakker, E Diamond, D AF Radu, Aleksandar Peper, Shane Bakker, Eric Diamond, Dermot TI Guidelines for improving the lower detection limit of ion-selective electrodes: A systematic approach SO ELECTROANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Electroanalysis of the European-Society-for-Electroanalytical-Chemistry CY JUN 11-15, 2006 CL Univ Bordeaux, Natl Engn Sch Chem & Phys, Bordeaux, FRANCE SP European Soc Electroanalyt Chem HO Univ Bordeaux, Natl Engn Sch Chem & Phys DE low detection limit; zero-current ion fluxes; ion-selective electrode ID MATCHED-POTENTIAL METHOD; POLYMERIC MEMBRANE ELECTRODES; COMPLEX-FORMATION CONSTANTS; PLASTICIZER-FREE POLYMER; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; POTENTIOMETRIC SENSORS; NEUTRAL IONOPHORES; KEY PARAMETERS; TRACE LEVELS; TRANSPORT AB Zero-current membrane fluxes are the principal source of bias that has prohibited researchers from obtaining true, thermodynamic selectivity coefficients for membrane-based ion-selective electrodes (ISEs). They are also responsible for the mediocre detection limits historically seen with these types of potentiometric sensors. By choosing an experimental protocol that suppresses these fluxes, it becomes possible to obtain unbiased thermodynamic selectivity coefficients that are needed to produce ISEs with greatly improved detection limits. In this work, a Cs+-selective electrode based on calix[6]arene-hexaacetic acid hexaethyl ester (Cs 1) is used to systematically demonstrate how unbiased selectivity coefficients can be obtained, and how they can be used to optimize inner filling solutions for low detection limit measurements. A comparison of biased selectivity methods (e.g., classical separate solution method (SSM), fixed interference method (FIM), matched potential method (MPM)) with the unbiased modified separate solution method (MSSM) found that selectivity coefficients were underestimated in several cases by more than 4 orders of magnitude (logK(CsMg)(pot,MSSM) = - 8.7; log K-Cs,Mg(pot,SSM) = -4.5). The importance of key experimental parameters, including diffusion coefficients and diffusion layer thicknesses in the aqueous and organic phases, on the minimization of ion fluxes and the improvement of lower detection limits is also described. A dramatic reduction of membrane fluxes by the covalent attachment of a Ca2+-selective ionophore to a methyl methacrylate-decyl methacrylate (MMA-DMA) copolymer matrix is also demonstrated. The ionophore-immobilized ISE exhibited no super-Nernstian response and yielded a detection limit of 40 ppt (109 a(Ca) = - 9-0) with an inner filling solution of 1 x 10(-3) M KCl. Finally, a set of guidelines for experimental protocols leading to obtaining unbiased selectivity coefficients and producing ISEs for trace level analyses is given. C1 Dublin City Univ, Adapt Sensors Grp, Natl Ctr Sensor Res, Sch Chem Sci, Dublin 9, Ireland. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Adv Radioanalyt Chem Grp, Phys & Chem Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Diamond, D (reprint author), Dublin City Univ, Adapt Sensors Grp, Natl Ctr Sensor Res, Sch Chem Sci, Dublin 9, Ireland. EM Dermot.Diamond@dcu.ie RI Radu, Aleksandar/A-6294-2009; Bakker, Eric/B-7940-2009 OI Bakker, Eric/0000-0001-8970-4343 NR 65 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 30 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1040-0397 J9 ELECTROANAL JI Electroanalysis PD JAN PY 2007 VL 19 IS 2-3 BP 144 EP 154 DI 10.1002/elan.200603741 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 136KJ UT WOS:000244220700005 ER PT J AU Chen, ZH Liu, J Amine, K AF Chen, Zonghai Liu, J. Amine, K. TI Lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate as salt for lithium-ion batteries SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM CORROSION; THERMAL-STABILITY; ELECTROLYTE; LIBOB; CONDUCTIVITY; INTERFACE; GRAPHITE AB Lithium difluoro (oxalato) borate is reported as a salt for high-performance lithium-ion batteries with improved cycle life and power capability. The experimental results showed that lithium difluoro (oxalato) borate, LiC2O4BF2, can be reduced at about 1.7 V vs Li+/Li and forms a robust protective SEI film on the graphite surface, as lithium bis (oxalato) borate does. The lithium-ion cells using lithium difluoro (oxalato) borate-based electrolyte had very good capacity retention at 55 degrees C. The lithium-ion cells using the lithium difluoro (oxalato) borate-based electrolyte had very low interfacial impedance. Therefore, lithium difluoro (oxalato) borate is a promising salt for advanced lithium-ion batteries with improved capacity retention and power capability. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chen, ZH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM amine@cmt.anl.gov RI Chen, Zonghai/K-8745-2013; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 NR 15 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 29 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2007 VL 10 IS 3 BP A45 EP A47 DI 10.1149/1.2409743 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 127KD UT WOS:000243583700001 ER PT J AU Fan, Q Chupas, PJ Whittingham, MS AF Fan, Quan Chupas, Peter J. Whittingham, M. Stanley TI Characterization of amorphous and crystalline tin-cobalt anodes SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; PAIR DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; NEGATIVE-ELECTRODE MATERIALS; MANGANESE OXIDE; SILICON; COMBINATORIAL; COMPOSITES; FILMS; CO3O4 AB Amorphous tin-cobalt is characterized and its electrochemical behavior compared to that of crystalline tin and tin-cobalt materials. It contains highly uniformed 5 nm diam nanoparticles, which are basically composed of amorphous SnCo and graphitic carbon, with a small amount of titanium. It shows excellent electrochemical behavior in lithium cells. The capacity stabilized at 400 mAh/g for 30 cycles at 0.5 mA/cm(2), in contrast to crystalline tin that rapidly lost capacity after 10-12 deep cycles. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Fan, Q (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM stanwhit@gmail.com NR 34 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 45 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2007 VL 10 IS 12 BP A274 EP A278 DI 10.1149/1.2789418 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 220HK UT WOS:000250147600005 ER PT J AU Vaughey, JT Owejan, J Thackeray, MM AF Vaughey, J. T. Owejan, J. Thackeray, M. M. TI Substituted M(x)Cu(6-x)Sn(5) compounds (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Zn) designing multicomponent intermetallic electrodes for lithium batteries SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; ION BATTERIES; STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS; ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTION; INSERTION ELECTRODES; LI; ETA'-CU6SN5; ALLOYS; SN AB A strategy to exploit substituted M(x)Cu(6-) xSn(5) M = Fe, Co, Ni, Zn) electrodes with NiAs- type structures that transform on electrochemical lithiation in lithium cells to intermediate face- centered- cubic Li(2)Cu(1-y) M(y)Sn structures before Li(z)Sn alloys (1 < z < 4.4) are produced is discussed. Zn substitution for Cu is possible only to x approximate to 1 before the onset of secondary phases, whereas Co and Ni substitution appears to maintain the NiAs- type structure for the whole range of x (0 <= x <= 5). Substituted electrodes provide higher rechargeable capacities than Cu(6)Sn(5). The results of the study have implications for tailoring and optimizing (i) the design of multicomponent intermetallic electrode structures containing elements that are either active or inactive towards lithium, (ii) electrode compositions, and (iii) the reversibility of lithium insertion/ metal displacement reactions in intermetallic electrode systems. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Battery Technol Dept, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Vaughey, JT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Battery Technol Dept, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM thackeray@cmt.anl.gov OI Vaughey, John/0000-0002-2556-6129 NR 28 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2007 VL 10 IS 9 BP A220 EP A224 DI 10.1149/1.2751838 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 190VA UT WOS:000248087500006 ER PT J AU Kurokawa, H Sholklapper, TZ Jacobson, CP De Jonghe, LC Visco, SJ AF Kurokawa, Hideto Sholklapper, Tal Z. Jacobson, Craig P. De Jonghe, Lutgard C. Visco, Steven J. TI Ceria nanocoating for sulfur tolerant Ni-based anodes of solid oxide fuel cells SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE; ELECTRODES; IMPEDANCE; GAS AB Conventional nickel yttria- stabilized- zirconia (Ni - YSZ) solid oxide fuel cell anodes infiltrated with ceria nanoparticles showed sustained high sulfur tolerance. Cathode- supported cells with ceria- infiltrated Ni - YSZ anode delivered power density of 220 - 240 mW cm(-2), at 0.6 V, under an applied current of 0.4 A cm(-2), when operating on humidified H-2 fuel containing 40 ppm H2S, at 973 K, for 500 h. In contrast, the power density of a cell with traditional Ni - YSZ anode dropped to near 0 mW cm(-2), in similar to 13 min, when similarly exposed. The results indicate that ceria nanoparticle infiltration can effectively increase the sulfur tolerance of conventional Ni - YSZ anodes. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kurokawa, H (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tsholk@berkeley.edu NR 18 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2007 VL 10 IS 9 BP B135 EP B138 DI 10.1149/1.2748630 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 190VA UT WOS:000248087500009 ER PT J AU Sethuraman, VA Weidner, JW Protsailo, LV AF Sethuraman, Vijay A. Weidner, John W. Protsailo, Lesia V. TI Effect of diphenyl siloxane on the catalytic activity of Pt on carbon SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CELLS AB The effect of silicone on the catalytic activity of Pt for oxygen reduction and hydrogen adsorption was studied using diphenyl siloxane as a source compound at a rotating disk electrode (RDE). Diphenyl siloxane did not affect the catalytic activity of Pt when it was injected into the electrolyte. However, it blocked the oxygen reduction reaction when it was premixed with the catalyst. Proton transport was not blocked in either case. We postulate that diphenyl siloxane induces hydrophobicity and causes local water starvation, thereby blocking oxygen transport. Hence, the slow leaching of silicone seals in a fuel cell could cause silicon accumulation in the electrode, which irreversibly degrades fuel cell performance by blocking oxygen transport to the catalyst sites. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem Engn, Ctr Electrochem Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. UTC Power, S Windsor, CT 06074 USA. RP Sethuraman, VA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM weidner@engr.sc.edu RI Sethuraman, Vijay/E-5702-2010; OI Sethuraman, Vijay/0000-0003-4624-1355; Weidner, John/0000-0002-3928-9740 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2007 VL 10 IS 12 BP B207 EP B209 DI 10.1149/1.2787870 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 220HK UT WOS:000250147600009 ER PT J AU Sholklapper, TZ Radmilovic, V Jacobson, CP Visco, SJ De Jonghe, LC AF Sholklapper, Tal Z. Radmilovic, Velimir Jacobson, Craig P. Visco, Steven J. De Jonghe, Lutgard C. TI Synthesis and stability of a nanoparticle-infiltrated solid oxide fuel cell electrode SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PERFORMANCE AB Nanoparticulate catalysts infiltrated into solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) electrodes can significantly enhance cell performance, but the stability of these electrodes has been an open issue. An infiltration procedure is reported that leads to stable scandia-stabilized zirconia (SSZ) cathode electrode performance. An SSZ cathode, infiltrated with 50 - 150 nm lanthanum-strontium manganate electro-catalyst particles, is shown to be voltage-stable for over 500 h of operation at 650 C, at a controlled current density of 150 mA/cm(2). This demonstrates the potential viability of nanoparticulate-infiltrated electrodes for commercial SOFCs, and illustrates the functional stability of nanoparticulate catalysts in the demanding environment of SOFC electrodes. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sholklapper, TZ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tsholk@berkeley.edu NR 11 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 6 U2 38 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2007 VL 10 IS 4 BP B74 EP B76 DI 10.1149/1.2434203 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 134GL UT WOS:000244071400013 ER PT J AU Brankovic, SR Haislmaier, R Vasiljevic, N AF Brankovic, Stanko R. Haislmaier, Ryan Vasiljevic, Natasa TI Physical incorporation of saccharin molecules into electrodeposited soft high magnetic moment CoFe alloys SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GALVANOSTATIC PULSE; ORGANIC ADDITIVES; ELECTROCHEMICAL PREPARATION; SULFUR INCLUSION; BLOCKING-AGENT; CONIFE FILM; CORROSION; MODEL; COERCIVITY; MECHANISM AB Incorporation of saccharin molecules has been studied during the galvanostatic deposition of 2.45 T CoFe alloys. The results indicate that the incorporation rate is strongly dependent on the concentration of saccharin in the plating solution. This dependence showed a pronounced maximum at C-sac = 0.12 g L-1, which is a result with significant practical implications. A simple physical model was developed to describe this dependence, having an excellent qualitative agreement with experimental data. The corrosion properties and surface roughness of CoFe deposits were found to be a strong function of saccharin concentration in the plating solution, i.e., the incorporation rate of saccharin molecules. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Ctr Nanomagnet Syst, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brankovic, SR (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM stanko.brankovic@mail.uh.edu OI Vasiljevic, Natasa/0000-0002-7515-9708 NR 32 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2007 VL 10 IS 6 BP D67 EP D71 DI 10.1149/1.2722038 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 153XX UT WOS:000245472500009 ER PT J AU Dimitrov, N Vasilic, R Vasiljevic, N AF Dimitrov, N. Vasilic, R. Vasiljevic, N. TI A kinetic model for redox replacement of UPD layers SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEPOSITED PB MONOLAYER; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; GALVANIC DISPLACEMENT; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; AU(111); AG(111); SCATTERING; ELECTRODE; CU(111); TL AB The redox replacement at open-circuit potential (OCP) of the underpotentially deposited (UPD) metal layer in the presence of oxygen and/or more noble metal ions is discussed and an analytical model describing this process is proposed. The model establishes a functional relationship between time and potential during the replacement of the UPD layer featuring either Langmuir- or Frumkin-type adsorption behavior. A model validation is performed by fitting experimental OCP transients for oxidative Pb stripping from Cu(111) and Ag(111) substrates. The excellent agreement between theory and experiment enables quantitative prediction and control of the replacement reaction kinetics in a wide variety of systems. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem, Binghamton, NY 13901 USA. SUNY Binghamton, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Binghamton, NY USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dimitrov, N (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem, Binghamton, NY 13901 USA. EM dimitrov@binghamton.edu OI Vasiljevic, Natasa/0000-0002-7515-9708 NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2007 VL 10 IS 7 BP D79 EP D83 DI 10.1149/1.2735817 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 169BZ UT WOS:000246569000012 ER PT J AU DelRio, FW Dunn, ML de Boer, MP AF DelRio, Frank W. Dunn, Martin L. de Boer, Maarten P. TI Growth of silicon carbide nanoparticles using tetraethylorthosilicate for microelectromechanical systems SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER; ELASTIC-MODULUS; OXIDE-FILMS; INDENTATION; DIOXIDE; POLYSILICON; ADHESION; HARDNESS; SURFACE AB Silicon carbide (SiC) is a wide bandgap semiconductor of interest in microelectromechanical systems. We demonstrate the growth of SiC nanoparticles using silicon dioxide (SiO2) films deposited from tetraethylorthosilicate [TEOS, Si(OC2H5)(4)]. High-temperature annealing allows residual carbon to diffuse to and react with the silicon substrate to form SiC nanoparticles (rather than a uniform SiC film). The growth of the SiC nanoparticles can be controlled by annealing conditions or eliminated by flowing oxygen during the film deposition. These particles are revealed by a standard wet etchant and provide an effective method to reduce adhesion between micromachined surfaces. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, MEMS Devices & Reliabil Phys Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP DelRio, FW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM mpdebo@sandia.gov RI de Boer, Maarten/C-1525-2013; OI de Boer, Maarten/0000-0003-1574-9324; DUNN, MARTIN/0000-0002-4531-9176 NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2007 VL 10 IS 1 BP H27 EP H30 DI 10.1149/1.2364380 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 107IW UT WOS:000242165400026 ER PT J AU Mukundan, R Teranishi, K Brosha, EL Garzon, FH AF Mukundan, Rangachary Teranishi, Kazuhiro Brosha, Eric L. Garzon, Fernando H. TI Nitrogen oxide sensors based on yttria-stabilized zirconia electrolyte and oxide electrodes SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE DETECTION AB Mixed potential sensors for the detection of hydrocarbons and carbon-monoxide have been previously studied at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The LANL sensors have a unique design incorporating dense ceramic-pellet/metal-wire electrodes and porous electrolytes. When these sensors are exposed to various gases, in addition to their mixed-potential response, their resistance changes. This change in resistance is probably associated with the oxygen reduction reaction at the electrode/electrolyte interface and can be used to yield a total NOx response. The NOx sensors are operated in a current bias mode where the voltage response is related to the total NOx concentration. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 1528552, Japan. RP Mukundan, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mukundan@lanl.gov OI Mukundan, Rangachary/0000-0002-5679-3930 NR 15 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2007 VL 10 IS 2 BP J26 EP J29 DI 10.1149/1.2400211 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 128EG UT WOS:000243640400030 ER PT S AU Radu, A Peper, S Diamond, D AF Radu, Aleksandar Peper, Shane Diamond, Dermot BE Alegret, S Merkoci, A TI Determination of cesium in natural waters using polymer-based ion-selective electrodes SO ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSOR ANALYSIS SE Wilson and Wilsons Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Radu, Aleksandar; Diamond, Dermot] Dublin City Univ, Adapt Sensors Grp, Natl Ctr Sensor Res, Sch Chem Sci, Dublin 9, Ireland. [Peper, Shane] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Adv Radioanalyt Chem Grp, Phys & Chem Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Radu, A (reprint author), Dublin City Univ, Adapt Sensors Grp, Natl Ctr Sensor Res, Sch Chem Sci, Dublin 9, Ireland. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-526X BN 978-0-08-056069-4 J9 COMP ANAL C PY 2007 VL 49 BP E13 EP E20 DI 10.1016/S0166-526X(06)49045-0 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA BCO00 UT WOS:000310809200042 ER PT J AU Rikvold, PA Wandlowski, T Abou Hamad, I Mitchell, SJ Brown, G AF Rikvold, P. A. Wandlowski, Th. Abou Hamad, I. Mitchell, S. J. Brown, G. TI Reply to "Remarks on the simulation of Cl electrosorption on Ag(100) reported in Electrochimica Acta 50 (2005) 5518" SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Editorial Material DE electrosorption; electrosorption valency; formal partial charge number; lateral interactions; surface dipole ID VALENCY GAMMA; ADSORPTION; SURFACE; BROMIDE; PAPER; BR AB We reply to the remarks by Lang and Horanyi [G.G. Lang, G. Horanyi, Electrochim. Acta (2006), doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.07.009] on the meaning of the notion of "electrosorption valency" used by Abou Hamad et al. [I. Abou Hamad, S.J. Mitchell, Th. Wandlowski, P.A. Rikvold, G. Brown, Electrochim. Acta 50 (2005) 5518]. It is concluded that, contrary to the assertion of Lang and Horanyi, the magnitude of the current in the external circuit upon adsorption of an ion of charge ze with partial charge transfer is indeed given by an electrosorption valency gamma such that vertical bar ye vertical bar < vertical bar ze vertical bar. We believe the conclusion of Lang and Horanyi to the contrary is the result of an excessively severe charge-neutrality requirement. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Florida State Univ, Ctr Mat Res & Technol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida State Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Res Ctr Julich, CNI, Dept Bio & Nanosyst IBN 3, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Res Ctr Julich, CNI, Ctr Nanoelect Syst, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Univ Georgia, Ctr Simulat Phys, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rikvold, PA (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Ctr Mat Res & Technol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM rikvold@scs.fsu.edu RI Thomas, Wandlowski/C-7251-2009; Brown, Gregory/F-7274-2016 OI Brown, Gregory/0000-0002-7524-8962 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1932 EP 1935 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.07.059 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 128HB UT WOS:000243647700013 ER PT J AU Kuo, MC Stanis, RJ Ferrell, JR Turner, JA Herring, AM AF Kuo, Mei-Chen Stanis, Ronald J. Ferrell, Jack R., III Turner, John A. Herring, Andrew M. TI Electrocatalyst materials for fuel cells based on the polyoxometalates-K-7 or H-7[(P2W17O61FeIII(H2O)] and Na(12)or H-12[(P2W15O56)(2)Fe-4(III)(H2O)(2)] SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE heteropoly acid; iron; PEM fuel cell; hydrogen oxidation; oxygen reduction ID SURFACE FUNCTIONALIZATION; POLYMERIC MATRICES; HETEROPOLYANIONS; FILM; ELECTRODES; CATALYSIS AB Free acids of the iron substituted heteropoly acids (HPA), H-7[(P2W17O61)Fe-III(H2O)] (HFe1) and H-18[(P2W15O56)(2)Fe-2(III)(H2O)(2)] (HFe2) were prepared from the salts K-7[(P2W17O61)Fe-III(H2O)] (KFe1) and Na-12[(P2W15O56)(2)Fe-4(III)(H2O)(2)] (NaFe4), respectively. The iron-substituted HPA were adsorbed on to XC-72 carbon based GDLs to form HPA doped GDEs after water washing with HPA loadings of ca. 1 mu mol. The HPA was detected throughout the GDL by EDX. Solution electrochemistry of the free acids are reported for the first time in sulfate buffer, pH 1-3. The hydrogen oxidation reaction was catalyzed by KFe1 at 0.33 V, with an exchange current density of 38 mA/cm(2). Moderate activity for the oxygen reduction reaction was observed for the iron substituted HPA, which was dramatically improved by selectively removing oxygen atoms from the HPA by cycling the fuel cell cathode under N-2 followed by reoxidation to give a restructured oxide catalyst. The nanostructured oxide achieved an OCV of 0.7 V with a Tafel slope of 115 mV/decade. Cycling the same catalysts in oxygen resulted in an improved catalyst/ionomer/carbon configuration with a slightly higher Tafel slope, 128 mV/decade but a respectable current density of 100 mA/cm(2) at 0.2 V. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Hydrogen & Elect Syst & Infrastruct Grp, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Herring, AM (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM aherring@mines.edu RI Herring, Andy/E-7088-2010; OI Herring, Andrew/0000-0001-7318-5999 NR 31 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 52 IS 5 BP 2051 EP 2061 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.08.015 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 128HB UT WOS:000243647700029 ER PT S AU Shnirman, A Schon, G Martin, I Makhlin, Y AF Shnirman, Alexander Schoen, Gerd Martin, Ivar Makhlin, Yuriy BE Scharnberg, K Kruchinin, S TI 1/f noise and two-level systems in josephson qubits SO ELECTRON CORRELATION IN NEW MATERIALS AND NANOSYSTEMS SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Electron Correlation in New Materials and Nanosystems CY SEP 19-23, 2006 CL Yalta, UKRAINE SP NATO Public Diplomacy Div, Collaborat Programmes Sect DE Josephson qubits; 1/f noise ID TEMPERATURE; FLUCTUATIONS; RELAXATION; CONDUCTORS; GLASSES; CIRCUIT; METALS AB Quantum state engineering in solid-state systems is one of the most rapidly developing areas of research. Solid-state building blocks of quantum computers have the advantages that they can be switched quickly, and they can be integrated into electronic control and measuring circuits. Substantial progress has been achieved with superconducting circuits (qubits) based on Josephson junctions. Strong coupling to the external circuits and other parts of the environment brings, together with the advantages, the problem of noise and, thus, decoherence. Therefore, the study of sources of decoherence is necessary. Josephson qubits themselves are very useful in this study: they have found their first application as sensitive spectrometers of the surrounding noise. C1 [Shnirman, Alexander; Schoen, Gerd] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Theoret Festkorperphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Martin, Ivar] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Los Alamos 87545, NM USA. [Makhlin, Yuriy] Landau Inst Theoret Phys, Moscow 119334, Russia. RP Shnirman, A (reprint author), Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Theoret Festkorperphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM shnirman@tfp.uni-karlsruhe.de RI Schon, Gerd/A-3582-2008 FU EU IST; CFN (DFG) [MD-2177.2005.2] FX This work was supported by the EU IST Project EuroSQIP and by the CFN (DFG), and the grant MD-2177.2005.2 (YM). NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 978-1-4020-5657-4 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2007 VL 241 BP 343 EP + PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA BGC07 UT WOS:000245975600027 ER PT S AU Bytautas, L Ruedenberg, K AF Bytautas, Laimutis Ruedenberg, Klaus BE Wilson, AK Peterson, KA TI Economical Description of Electron Correlation SO ELECTRON CORRELATION METHODOLOGY SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TOTAL ATOMIZATION ENERGIES; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; MCSCF WAVE-FUNCTIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; PERTURBATION-THEORY; MOLECULAR-ENERGIES; DENSITY FUNCTIONALS; CI CALCULATIONS; LOCAL TREATMENT AB Methods are presented for reducing the computational effort required to account for electron correlation in large molecules. The correlation recovery is divided into two stages: Recovery of zeroth-order dynamic correlations and dynamic correlation refinements. The former is achieved through MCSCF wavefunctions related to full valence spaces. A method is developed for the a-priori elimination of the configurational deadwood from such wavefunctions. Although orbital-independent, the procedure is most effective in conjunction with the use of appropriately localized molecular orbitals. Applications to the molecules HNO, OCO and NCCN show that drastic shortenings of the CI expansions (e.g., from 776,316 to 43,038 SDTQ determinants in NCCN) raise the energy by less than 1 mh. For the determination of the dynamic correlation energy, on the other hand, a model is developed that leads to an additive expression in terms of pair populations of localized orbitals multiplied by correlation energy contributions of electron pairs within and between such orbitals. This simple formula predicts the valence correlation energies of about 50 organic molecules with a mean absolute deviation of about 2 kcal/mol. Contributions of nonadjacent localized molecular orbitals are found to be near negligible. C1 [Bytautas, Laimutis; Ruedenberg, Klaus] Iowa State Univ, US Dept Energy, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Bytautas, Laimutis; Ruedenberg, Klaus] Iowa State Univ, US Dept Energy, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bytautas, L (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US Dept Energy, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 75 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-3843-5 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2007 VL 958 BP 103 EP 123 D2 10.1021/bk-2007-0958 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BOD45 UT WOS:000276308400007 ER PT S AU Peterson, KA AF Peterson, Kirk A. BE Wilson, AK Peterson, KA TI Correlation Consistent Basis Sets with Relativistic Effective Core Potentials: The Transition Metal Elements Y and Hg SO ELECTRON CORRELATION METHODOLOGY SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; ORBITAL BASIS-SETS; AB-INITIO PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; COUPLED-CLUSTER METHOD; CONVERGENT BASIS-SETS; VALENCE BASIS-SETS; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; GROUND-STATE; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; MERCURY DIMER AB Gaussian basis sets for the elements Y and Hg appropriate for valence electron correlation have been developed using a correlation consistent prescription with accurate relativistic effective core potentials. The resulting sequences of basis sets are denoted cc-pVnZ-PP (correlation consistent polarized relativistic valence n-zeta) and range in size from n = D-5. In each case systematic convergence towards the complete basis set limit is clearly observed for both the Hartree-Fock and correlation energies. In the case of Hg, all-electron basis sets are also reported both with and without the inclusion of scalar relativity via the Douglas-Kroll-Hess Hamiltonian. The accuracy of the resulting basis sets is demonstrated in benchmark calculations on YC, HgH+, and Hg-2. Predictions are made for r(e) and D-e for YC and D-e for HgH+. In all three cases, the results appear to be the most accurate to date and agree very well with experiment. C1 [Peterson, Kirk A.] Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Peterson, Kirk A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Peterson, KA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-3843-5 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2007 VL 958 BP 125 EP 151 D2 10.1021/bk-2007-0958 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BOD45 UT WOS:000276308400008 ER PT J AU Eeltink, S Svec, F AF Eeltink, Sebastiaan Svec, Frantisek TI Recent advances in the control of morphology and surface chemistry of porous polymer-based monolithic stationary phases and their application in CEC SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Review DE CEC; column technology; monoliths; stationary phase ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PACKED CAPILLARY COLUMNS; ANION-EXCHANGE; SEPARATION MEDIA; ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATIONS; IN-LINE; PACKING; ELECTROPHORESIS; POLYACRYLAMIDE; EFFICIENCY AB This review focuses on developments in the field of polymer-based monolithic columns for CEC published in the literature since the beginning of the year 2005. The possibility of in-situ preparation as well as easy control over their porous properties and surface chemistries clearly make monolithic separation media an attractive alternative to capillary columns packed with particles. Different variables such as polymerization conditions, morphology, and surface chemistry are shown to directly affect performance of monolithic capillary columns in terms of efficiency, analysis time, and retention. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Svec, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM fsvec@lbl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-48364] NR 72 TC 121 Z9 126 U1 1 U2 30 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD JAN PY 2007 VL 28 IS 1-2 BP 137 EP 147 DI 10.1002/elps.200600573 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 137HA UT WOS:000244282500013 PM 17149783 ER PT S AU Goldberg, KA Barty, A Seidel, P Edinger, K Fettig, R Kearney, P Han, H Wood, OR AF Goldberg, Kenneth A. Barty, Anton Seidel, Phillip Edinger, Klaus Fettig, Rainer Kearney, Patrick Han, Hakseung Wood, Obert R., II BE Lercel, MJ TI EUV and non-EUV inspection of reticle defect repair sites - art. no. 65170C SO Emerging Lithographic Technologies XI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies XI CY FEB 27-MAR 01, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, SEMATECH DE extreme ultraviolet lithography; EUV; mask inspection; defect repair; actinic inspection ID BEAM MASK REPAIR; MULTILAYER DEFECTS; ACTINIC INSPECTION; BLANKS; TOOL AB We report the actinic (EUV wavelength) and non-actinic inspection of a multilayer-coated mask blank containing an array of open-field defect repair sites created in different ways. The comparison of actinic brightfield and darkfield measurements shows the importance of having both local reflectivity and scattering measurements. Although effective mask blank repair capabilities have not been adequately demonstrated, the data acquired in this experiment have been very instructive. Correlation with non-actinic inspection methods shows the difficulty of establishing a successful predictive model of the EUV response without EUV cross-comparison. The defect repair sites were also evaluated with SEM, AFM, and 488-nm-wavelength confocal microscopy. The data raise important questions about mask quality specifications and the requirements of future commercial actinic inspection tools. C1 Ctr XRay Opt, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Goldberg, KA (reprint author), Ctr XRay Opt, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6636-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6517 BP C5170 EP C5170 AR 65170C DI 10.1117/12.712202 PG 7 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGG57 UT WOS:000246685900008 ER PT S AU Meagley, RP Sharma, G Guptab, A AF Meagley, Robert P. Sharma, Geeta Guptab, Ankur BE Lercel, MJ TI Scissionable bile acid nanostructures for lithography - art. no. 65171J SO Emerging Lithographic Technologies XI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies XI CY FEB 27-MAR 01, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, SEMATECH DE bile; steroid; preorganization; dendrimer; pixel; chemical; amplification ID CHOLIC-ACID; MOLECULAR RESIST; DERIVATIVES; DISSOLUTION; POLYMER; ANALOGS AB Pixelated photoresists, i.e. resists that compartmentalize photochemistry into discrete imaging elements are an emerging design for improved resolution. A pixelated design seeks to overcome chaotic organization in complex resist formulations through application of small regular or symmetric imaging species, and/or through the application of preorganization of resist components. [1] Another approach, backbone scission, has also emerged as a powerful method to improve resist performance. [21 In this approach, the parts of the resist structure that have undergone radiation driven chemistry are disconnected from the unaffected material. This enhances contrast and also confers an additional mechanism: structural disruption. Bile acids have been used recently as building blocks to enable host-guest chemistry [3] and have been incorporated as additives in photoresists [4] and structural elements [5]. They as a class are fairly large (mw similar to 400) highly functionalized molecules possessing a hydrophobic face, alcohol groups and a carboxylic acid group. We describe here a scissionable pixelated resist architecture based on bile acids bound by acid-sensitive tertiary ester linkages into dendrimeric arrays. This design seeks to employ structural disintegration and catalyst pre-organization in addition to solubility switching as contrast mechanisms. Preliminary EUV and ebeam studies have shown G0 and G1 materials capable of sub-micron imaging. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MSD, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94724 USA. RP Meagley, RP (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MSD, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94724 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6636-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6517 BP J5171 EP J5171 AR 65171J DI 10.1117/12.712355 PG 9 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGG57 UT WOS:000246685900045 ER PT S AU Naulleau, PP Anderson, CN La Fontaine, B Kim, RH Wallow, T AF Naulleau, Patrick P. Anderson, Christopher N. La Fontaine, Bruno Kim, Ryoung-han Wallow, Tom BE Lercel, MJ TI Lithographic metrics for the determination of intrinsic resolution limits in EUV resists - art. no. 65172N SO Emerging Lithographic Technologies XI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies XI CY FEB 27-MAR 01, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, SEMATECH DE extreme ultraviolet; lithography; photoresist; resolution ID PHOTORESIST AB Resist resolution remains a significant issue for EUV. Strong concerns remain with the use of chemically amplified resist owing to their diffusion characteristics. Currently EUV resist development is primarily focused on large-scale screening efforts in an attempt to identify platforms showing promise in a variety of areas with resolution arguably being the parameter of highest importance at this time. The characterization of the intrinsic resolution limit of resists, however, is not a trivial issue due to practical complications such as pattern collapse and top-loss. Note that the intrinsic resist resolution limit has been claimed to be determined by the resist diffusion length and various metrics have been proposed to characterize this diffusion length as well as resist resolution. Here we investigate a variety of resolution and diffusion length metrics and study the correlation between these metrics and observed resist performance when applied to a variety of leading EUV resists. The metrics we study include iso-focal bias, line-edge-roughness correlation length, resist modulation transfer function, and corner rounding. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Naulleau, PP (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Anderson, Christopher/H-9526-2015 OI Anderson, Christopher/0000-0002-2710-733X NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6636-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6517 BP N5172 EP N5172 AR 65172N DI 10.1117/12.712363 PG 6 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGG57 UT WOS:000246685900081 ER PT S AU Allain, JP Nieto, M Hendricks, M Hassanein, A Tarrio, C Grantham, S Bakshi, V AF Allain, J. P. Nieto, M. Hendricks, M. Hassanein, A. Tarrio, C. Grantham, S. Bakshi, V. BE Lercel, MJ TI Energetic and thermal Sn interactions and their effect on EUVL source collector mirror lifetime at high temperatures - art. no. 65171V SO Emerging Lithographic Technologies XI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies XI CY FEB 27-MAR 01, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, SEMATECH DE threshold sputtering; EUV reflectivity; Sn implantation; Sn deposition; EUV collector optics; ion scattering spectroscopy ID BOMBARDMENT; LITHOGRAPHY AB Exposure of collector mirrors facing the hot, dense pinch plasma in plasma-based EUV light sources remains one of the highest critical issues of source component lifetime and commercial feasibility of EUV lithography technology. Studies at Argonne have focused on understanding the underlying mechanisms that hinder collector mirror performance under Sn exposure and developing methods to mitigate them. Both Sn ion irradiation and thermal evaporation exposes candidate mirrors tested (i.e., Ru, Rh and Pd) in the experimental facility known as IMPACT (Interaction of Materials with charged Particles and Components Testing). Studies have led to an understanding of how Sn energetic ions compared to Sn thermal atoms affect three main surface properties of the collector mirror: 1) surface chemical state, 2) surface structure and 3) surface morphology. All these properties are crucial in understanding how collector mirrors will respond to Sn-based EUV source operation. This is primarily due to the correlation of how variation in these properties affects the reflectivity of photons in the EUV spectral range of interest (in-band 13.5-nm). This paper discusses the first property and its impact on 13.5-nm reflectivity. Investigation in the IMPACT experiment has focused on Sn thermal and energetic particle exposure on collector mirrors (Ru, Pd and Rh) and its effect on mirror performance as a function of incident thermal flux, incident ion flux, incident angle and temperature. This is possible by a new state-of-the-art in-situ EUV reflectometry system that measures real time relative EUV reflectivity at 15-degree incidence and 13.5-nm during Sn exposure. These results are then compared to at-wavelength EUV reflectivity measurements using the newly upgraded NIST-SURF facility. Sn energetic ions at 1-keV and fluxes of about 10(13) cm(-2) s(-1) are used in conjunction with a moderate flux Sn evaporative source delivering Sn fluences ranging from 10(15)-10(17) cm(-2). The temperature of the mirror sample is locally varied between 25 and 200 C with the chemical state of the surface simultaneously monitored using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and low-energy ion scattering spectroscopy. Results demonstrate the balance between energetic and thermal Sn has on the total Sn surface fraction during exposure and its effect on the structural and reflective properties of the mirror surface. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Allain, JP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Nieto-Perez, Martin/0000-0001-6600-9786; Allain, Jean Paul/0000-0003-1348-262X NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6636-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6517 BP V5171 EP V5171 AR 65171V DI 10.1117/12.711270 PG 10 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGG57 UT WOS:000246685900054 ER PT S AU Naulleau, PP Anderson, CN Dean, K Denham, P Goldberg, KA Hoef, B La Fontaine, B Wallow, T AF Naulleau, Patrick P. Anderson, Christopher N. Dean, Kim Denham, Paul Goldberg, Kenneth A. Hoef, Brian La Fontaine, Bruno Wallow, Tom BE Lercel, MJ TI Recent results from the Berkeley 0.3-NA EUV microfield exposure tool - art. no. 65170V SO Emerging Lithographic Technologies XI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies XI CY FEB 27-MAR 01, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, SEMATECH DE extreme ultraviolet; lithography; photoresist; aberrations; illuminator ID LITHOGRAPHY AB Operating as a SEMATECH resist test center, the Berkeley 0.3-NA EUV microfield exposure tool continues to play a crucial role in the advancement of EUV resists and masks. Here we present recent resist-characterization results from the tool as well as tool-characterization data. In particular we present lithographic-based aberration measurements demonstrating the long-term stability of the tool. We also describe a recent upgrade to the tool which involved redesign of the programmable coherence illuminator to provide improved field uniformity as well as a programmable field size. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr XRay Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Naulleau, PP (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr XRay Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Anderson, Christopher/H-9526-2015 OI Anderson, Christopher/0000-0002-2710-733X NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6636-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6517 BP V5170 EP V5170 AR 65170V DI 10.1117/12.713440 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGG57 UT WOS:000246685900025 ER PT S AU Hassanein, A Sizyuk, V Sizynk, T Morozov, V AF Hassanein, A. Sizyuk, V. Sizynk, T. Morozov, V. BE Lercel, MJ TI Optimization of EUV laser and discharge devices for high-volume manufacturing - art. no. 65171X SO Emerging Lithographic Technologies XI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies XI CY FEB 27-MAR 01, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, SEMATECH DE HEIGHTS; discharge produced plasma; laser produced plasma; EUV radiation; computer simulation; MHD; Monte Carlo method ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY; HEIGHTS INITIAL SIMULATION; RADIATION TRANSPORT; PLASMA HYDRODYNAMICS; TARGETS; SILICON; MODEL AB Both Laser and Discharge produced plasma (LPP and DPP) are being used as a light source for EUV lithography. A key challenge for the EUV radiation plasma devices is achieving sufficient brightness to support the throughput requirements of High-Volume Manufacturing lithography exposure tools. One method for improving source brightness is to simulate the source environment in order to optimize the EUV output. An integrated model for the description of hydrodynamics and optical processes in DPP and LPP devices has been developed and integrated into the HEIGHTS-EUV computer simulation package. Model development consisted of several main tasks: plasma evolution and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) processes; detailed photon radiation transport, and physics of plasma/electrode interactions in DPP devices, scattering processes of the neutral and charged particles of plasma. Advanced numerical methods for the description of magnetic compression and diffusion in 2D and 3D geometries are used in the HEIGHTS package. Radiation transport of both continuum and lines is taken into account with detailed spectral profiles in the EUV region. Monte Carlo methods are used for the modeling of the radiation transport processes, laser radiation absorption, and the debris particles behavior in magnetic field. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hassanein, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6636-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6517 BP X5171 EP X5171 AR 65171X DI 10.1117/12.712300 PG 13 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGG57 UT WOS:000246685900056 ER PT S AU Naulleau, PP Anderson, CN Horne, SF AF Naulleau, Patrick P. Anderson, Christopher N. Horne, Stephen F. BE Lercel, MJ TI Extreme ultraviolet interference lithography with incoherent light SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES XI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies XI CY FEB 27-MAR 01, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, SEMATECH DE extreme ultraviolet; lithography; interferometry; coherence ID NM; PATTERNS; EXPOSURE; TOOL AB In order to address the crucial problem of high-resolution low line-edge roughness resist for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography, researchers require significant levels of access to high-resolution EUV exposure tools. The prohibitively high cost of such tools, even microfield tools, has greatly limited this availability and arguably hindered progress in the area of EUV resists. To address this problem, we propose the development of a new interference lithography tool capable of working with standalone incoherent EUV sources. Although EUV interference lithography tools are currently in operation, presently used designs require illumination with a high degree of spatial and/or temporal coherence. This, in practice, limits current systems to being implemented at synchrotron facilities greatly restricting the accessibility of such systems. Here we describe an EUV interference lithography system design capable of overcoming the coherence limitations, allowing standalone high-power broad sources to be used without the need for excessive spatial or temporal filtering. Such a system provides promising pathway for the commercialization of EUV interference lithography tools. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Naulleau, PP (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Anderson, Christopher/H-9526-2015 OI Anderson, Christopher/0000-0002-2710-733X NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6636-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6517 AR 65172T DI 10.1117/12.715069 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGG57 UT WOS:000246685900086 ER PT J AU Herter, K McAuliffe, P Rosenfeld, A AF Herter, Karen McAuliffe, Patrick Rosenfeld, Arthur TI An exploratory analysis of California residential customer response to critical peak pricing of electricity SO ENERGY LA English DT Article DE residential electricity; electricity pricing; critical peak pricing; demand response; load response AB This paper summarizes the results from an exploratory analysis of residential customer response to a critical peak pricing (CPP) experiment in California, in which 15 times per year participating customers received high price signals dispatched by a local electricity distribution company. The high prices were about three times the on-peak price for the otherwise applicable time-of-use rate. Using hourly load data collected during the 15-month experiment, we find statistically significant load reduction for participants both with and without automated end-use control technologies. During 5-h critical peak periods, participants without control technology used up to 13% less energy than they did during normal peak periods. Participants equipped with programmable communicating thermostats used 25% and 41% less for 5 and 2 h critical events, respectively. Thus, this paper offers convincing evidence that the residential sector can provide substantial contributions to retail demand response, which is considered a potential tool for mitigating market power, stabilizing wholesale market prices, managing system reliability, and maintaining system resource adequacy. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy & Resources Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif Energy Commiss, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Herter, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS3111,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM KBHerter@lbl.gov NR 24 TC 92 Z9 96 U1 4 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD JAN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 25 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.energy.2006.01.014 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 110WZ UT WOS:000242413300003 ER PT J AU Boisvert, RN Cappers, P Goldman, C Neenan, B Hopper, N AF Boisvert, Richard N. Cappers, Peter Goldman, Charles Neenan, Bernie Hopper, Nicole TI Customer response to RTP in competitive markets: A study of Niagara Mohawk's standard offer tariff SO ENERGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICITY PRICING EXPERIMENTS; LONG-RUN; TIME; DEMAND AB Utilizing load, price, and survey data for 119 large customers that paid competitively determined hourly electricity prices announced the previous day between 2000 and 2004, this study provides insight into the factors that determine the intensity of price response. Peak and off-peak electricity can be: perfect complements, substitutes, or substitutes where high peak prices cause temporary disconnection from the grid, as for some firms with on-site generation. The average elasticity of substitution is 0.11. Thirty percent of the customers use peak and off-peak electricity in fixed proportions. The 18 % with elasticities greater than 0.10 provide 75% of the aggregate price response. In contrast to Industrial customers, Commercial/Retail and Government/Education customers are more price responsive on hot days and when the ratio of peak to off-peak prices is high. Price responsiveness is not substantially reduced when customers operate near peak usage. Diversity of customer circumstances and price response suggest dynamic pricing is suited for some, but not all customers. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Appl Econ & Management, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. UtilPoint Int, Syracuse, NY USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Boisvert, RN (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Appl Econ & Management, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM pcappers@bneenan.com NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU INT ASSOC ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, STE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 0195-6574 J9 ENERG J JI Energy J. PY 2007 VL 28 IS 1 BP 53 EP 74 PG 22 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 125ZL UT WOS:000243481900003 ER PT J AU Siddiqui, AS Marnay, C Wiser, RH AF Siddiqui, Afzal S. Marnay, Chris Wiser, Ryan H. TI Real options valuation of US federal renewable energy research, development, demonstration, and deployment SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE compound real options; renewable energy technology R&D; research benefits analysis ID RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT; AMERICAN AB Benefits analysis of US Federal government research, development, demonstration, and deployment (RD(3)) programmes for renewable energy (RE) technology improvement typically employs a deterministic forecast of the cost and performance of renewable and nonrenewable fuels. The benefits estimate for the programme derives from the difference between two forecasts, with and without the RD(3) programme in place. Three deficiencies of this approach are that it ignores: (1) uncertainty in the cost of non-renewable energy (NRE);(2) the possibility of adjustment to the RD(3) effort commensurate with the evolving state of the world; and (3) the underlying technical risk associated with RD. In this paper, an intuitive approach to determining the option value of RE RD is developed. This approach seeks to tackle the first two deficiencies noted above by providing an estimate via a compound real option of an RE RD(3) programme in a future with uncertain NRE costs. A binomial lattice reveals the economic intuition underlying the decision-making process, while a numerical example illustrates the option components embedded in a simplified representation of current US Federal RE RD(3). (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 UCL, Dept Stat Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Siddiqui, AS (reprint author), UCL, Dept Stat Sci, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. EM afzal@stats.ucl.ac.uk NR 35 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD JAN PY 2007 VL 35 IS 1 BP 265 EP 279 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2005.11.019 PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 111LH UT WOS:000242452600022 ER PT J AU Wiser, R Bolinger, M AF Wiser, Ryan Bolinger, Mark TI Can deployment of renewable energy put downward pressure on natural gas prices? SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE renewable energy; natural gas prices; risk mitigation ID MODEL; OIL AB High and volatile natural gas prices have increasingly led to calls for investments in renewable energy. One line of argument is that deployment of these resources may lead to reductions in the demand for and price of natural gas. Many recent US-based modeling studies have demonstrated that this effect could provide significant consumer savings. In this article we evaluate these studies, and benchmark their findings against economic theory, other modeling results, and a limited empirical literature. We find that many uncertainties remain regarding the absolute magnitude of this effect, and that the reduction in natural gas prices may not represent an increase in aggregate economic wealth. Nonetheless, we conclude that many of the studies of the impact of renewable energy on natural gas prices appear to have represented this effect within reason, given current knowledge. These studies specifically suggest that a 1% reduction in US natural gas demand could lead to long-term average wellhead price reductions of 0.8-2%, and that each megawatt-hour of renewable energy may benefit natural gas consumers to the tune of at least $7.5-20. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wiser, R (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90R4000, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rhwiser@lbl.gov; mabolinger@lbl.gov NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD JAN PY 2007 VL 35 IS 1 BP 295 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2005.11.021 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 111LH UT WOS:000242452600024 ER PT J AU Stadler, M Kranzl, L Huber, C Haas, R Tsioliaridou, E AF Stadler, Michael Kranzl, Lukas Huber, Claus Haas, Reinhard Tsioliaridou, Elena TI Policy strategies and paths to promote sustainable energy systems - The dynamic Invert simulation tool SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE dynamic bottom-up modelling; promotion schemes; RES-CHP/DSM AB The European Union has established a number of targets regarding energy efficiency, Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and CO2 reductions as the 'GREEN PAPER on Energy Efficiency', the Directive for 'promotion of the use of bio-fuels or other renewable fuels for transport' or 'Directive of the European Parliament of the Council cm the promotion of cogeneration based on a useful heat demand in the internal energy market'. Many of the according RES and RUE measures are not attractive for investors from an economic point of view. Therefore, governments all over the world have to spend public money to promote these technologies/ measures to bring them into market. These expenditures have to be adjusted to budget concerns and should be spent most efficiently. Therefore, the spent money has to be dedicated to technologies and efficiency measures with the best yield in CO2 reduction without wasting money. The core question: 'How can public money-for promoting sustainable energy systems-be spent most efficiently to reduce GHG emissions?' has well been investigated by the European project Invert. In course of this project, a simulation tool has been designed to answer this core question. This paper describes the modelling with the Invert simulation tool and shows the key features necessary for simulating the energy system. A definition of 'Promotion Scheme Efficiency' is given, which allows estimating the most cost-effective technologies and/or efficiency measures to reduce CO2 emissions. Investigations performed with the Invert simulation tool deliver an optimum portfolio mix of technologies and efficiency measures for each selected region. Within Invert, seven European regions were simulated and for the Austrian case study, the detailed portfolio mix is shown and political conclusions are derived. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Vienna Univ Technol, Energy Econ Grp, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. Democritus Univ Thrace, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Energy Econ Lab, Xanthi 67100, Greece. RP Stadler, M (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM stadler@eeg.tuwien.ac.at NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD JAN PY 2007 VL 35 IS 1 BP 597 EP 608 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2006.01.006 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 111LH UT WOS:000242452600053 ER PT J AU Skeer, J Wang, YJ AF Skeer, Jeffrey Wang, Yanjia TI China on the move: Oil price explosion? SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE China; oil; transport AB Rapid expansion of highway and jet traffic in China has created a surge of demand for oil products, putting pressure on world energy markets and petroleum product prices. This paper examines trends in freight and passenger traffic to assess how growth in China's transport demand relates to growth in China's economy, as well as the energy intensity of transport. Based on assumptions about demand elasticity and energy intensity, a range of scenarios is developed for China's oil demand through 2020. Incremental oil demand from China's transport sector is then compared with world oil demand projections to assess the likely impact on world oil prices. The finding is that new demand from China's transport sector would likely raise world oil prices in 2020 by 1-3% in reference scenarios or by 3-10% if oil supply investment is constrained. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. Tsing Hua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Skeer, J (reprint author), US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. EM jeff.skeer@hq.doe.gov NR 32 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD JAN PY 2007 VL 35 IS 1 BP 678 EP 691 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2006.01.012 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 111LH UT WOS:000242452600060 ER PT J AU Tonn, B Eisenberg, J AF Tonn, Bruce Eisenberg, Joel TI The aging US population and residential energy demand SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE residential area demand; aging population; energy policy AB This piece explores the relationships between a rapidly aging U.S. population and the demand for residential energy. Data indicate that elderly persons use more residential energy than younger persons. In this time of steeply rising energy costs, energy is an especially important financial issue for the elderly with low and/or fixed incomes. As the absolute number of elderly as well as their proportion of the total US population both continue to increase, energy and the elderly population looms as another energy policy challenge. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tonn, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM btonn@utk.edu NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD JAN PY 2007 VL 35 IS 1 BP 743 EP 745 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2005.12.011 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 111LH UT WOS:000242452600067 ER PT B AU Ritchie, RO AF Ritchie, Robert O. BE Wu, SJ Flewitt, PEJ Tomkins, B Zhang, Z Sharples, J Luo, HY TI The structural integrity of biological materials: Bone and teeth - Abstract SO ENGINEERING STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY: RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Engineering Structural Integrity Assessment CY OCT 15-19, 2007 CL Beijing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Engn, Royal Acad Engn, Forum Engn Struct Integr, Hefei Gen Machinery Res Inst, China Special Equipment Inspect & Res Ctr, R&D Ctr PetorChina Pipeline Co Ltd, Jiangsu Special Equipment Safety Supervis Inspect Inst, Univ Sci & Technol Beijin, Shougang Technol Inst, Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Mech Engn Soc, British Nucl Grp, TWI Ltd, China Occupat Safety & Hlth Assoc, Tsinghua Univ, E China Univ Sci & Technol, Nanjing Univ Technol, AVICI Beijing Inst Aeronaut Mat, European Struct Integr Soc, China Acad Safety Sci & Technol, Inst Met Res Chinese Acad Sci, China Stand committee Boilers & Pressure Vessels, Engn Integr Soc, Soc Environm Engineers, British Inst NDT, Inst Mech Engineers, Inst Phys, Nucl Ind Assoc, British Nucl Engn Soc, Inst Mat, Minerals & Min HO Beijing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut C1 [Ritchie, Robert O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ritchie, Robert O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ritchie, RO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMAS PUBL LTD PI WARRINGTON PA FESI - UK FORUM ENGINEERING STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY, WHITTLE HOUSE, BIRCHWOOD PARK, WARRINGTON, WA3 6FW, ENGLAND BN 978-7-111-05002-5 PY 2007 BP 54 EP 54 PG 1 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BID92 UT WOS:000258849900004 ER PT J AU Pierce, EM Wellman, DM Lodge, AM Rodriguez, EA AF Pierce, Eric M. Wellman, Dawn M. Lodge, Alexander M. Rodriguez, Elsa A. TI Experimental determination of the dissolution kinetics of zero-valent iron in the presence of organic complexants SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID METAL HYDROUS OXIDES; CHELATING-AGENTS; EDTA COMPLEXES; ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETIC ACID; REDOX PROCESSES; PASSIVE FILM; PH; ADSORPTION; GOETHITE; FE(III)(HYDR)OXIDES AB The geochemical cycling of iron, the reactivity of iron minerals and, more recently, the reactivity of zero valent iron (alpha-Fe), have been the subject of numerous investigations for over more than three decades. These investigations provide a wealth of knowledge regarding the effect of pH, temperature, chelating agents etc. on the reactivity and mechanism(s) of dissolution for a-Fe and iron oxide/oxyhydroxide minerals. However, most investigations have been conducted under static conditions that promote the formation of a partially oxidised surface film (e. g. passivating layer). In the presence of a passivating layer, the proposed dissolution mechanisms are vastly different and are based on the composition of the partially oxidised surface film. The objective of this study was to quantify the dissolution of alpha-Fe under conditions that maintain the pO(2) at a relatively constant level and minimise the formation of a passivating layer on the metal surface. Single-pass flow-through tests were conducted under conditions of relatively constant dissolved O-2 [O-2(aq)] over the pH(23 degrees C) range from 7 to 12 and temperature range from 23 to 90 degrees C in the presence of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and ethylenediamine di-O-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (EDDHA) to maintain dilute conditions and minimise the formation of a partially oxidised surface film and Fe-bearing secondary phase(s) during testing. Although more information is needed, these results suggest the adsorption of EDTA and EDDHA, or the diffusion of the oxidised Fe-organic complex from the surface of a-Fe, is the rate-limiting step in the dissolution reaction. Results also suggest that the rate of dissolution is independent of pH, has a non-linear dependence on the concentration of organic complexant, and the forward dissolution rate for a-Fe is as much as three orders of magnitude greater than when a passive film and corrosion products are present. C1 Pacific Natl Lab, Environm Technol Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pierce, EM (reprint author), Pacific Natl Lab, Environm Technol Directorate, POB 999,MS k6-81, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Eric.Pierce@pnl.gov RI Pierce, Eric/G-1615-2011 OI Pierce, Eric/0000-0002-4951-1931 NR 50 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1448-2517 J9 ENVIRON CHEM JI Environ. Chem. PY 2007 VL 4 IS 4 BP 260 EP 270 DI 10.1071/EN07004 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 200XP UT WOS:000248796400008 ER PT J AU Wellman, DM Pierce, EM Valenta, MM AF Wellman, Dawn M. Pierce, Eric M. Valenta, Michelle M. TI Efficacy of soluble sodium tripolyphosphate amendments for the in-situ immobilisation of uranium SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE contaminant fate; phosphate; remediation; sediment; uranium; water treatment ID CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE PRECIPITATION; HYDRAULICALLY UNSATURATED CONDITIONS; LEAD IMMOBILIZATION; HYDROXYAPATITE ADDITION; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS; LIMESTONE SUSPENSIONS; 2-REGION FLOW; SORPTION; SOILS; TRANSPORT AB A series of conventional water-saturated and pressurised unsaturated flow column experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of using soluble polyphosphate amendments for in-situ, subsurface remediation of uranium. Experiments were conducted under mildly alkaline, calcareous conditions, representative of conditions commonly encountered at sites across the arid western United States. Results presented here illustrate that application of a soluble polyphosphate amendment to sediment contaminated with uranium will rapidly reduce the concentration of uranium released to the porewater to near or below drinking water limits under water-saturated and -unsaturated conditions. Column experiments conducted in the absence of polyphosphate illustrate sustained release of aqueous uranium at concentrations well above drinking water standards in excess of over 25 pore volumes under water-saturated conditions and over 50 pore volumes under unsaturated conditions. In the presence of tripolyphosphate, the concentration of aqueous uranium released from the sediment was below drinking water limits within 10 to 35 pore volumes under water-saturated and unsaturated conditions, respectively. Moreover, results indicate the necessity of conducting site-specific dynamic tests to tailor phosphate-based remediation technology to site specific geochemical and hydrological conditions. C1 [Wellman, Dawn M.; Pierce, Eric M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Wellman, DM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,K3-62, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM dawn.wellman@pnl.gov RI Pierce, Eric/G-1615-2011 OI Pierce, Eric/0000-0002-4951-1931 NR 77 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 14 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1448-2517 J9 ENVIRON CHEM JI Environ. Chem. PY 2007 VL 4 IS 5 BP 293 EP 300 DI 10.1071/EN07030 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 240PU UT WOS:000251600300002 ER PT J AU Hugenholtz, P AF Hugenholtz, Philip TI Riding giants SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. RP Hugenholtz, P (reprint author), US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. RI Hugenholtz, Philip/G-9608-2011; OI hugenholtz, philip/0000-0001-5386-7925 NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 9 IS 1 BP 5 EP 5 DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01222_4.x PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 123KN UT WOS:000243294900004 PM 17227401 ER PT S AU Bowyer, TW Hayes, JC McIntyre, JI AF Bowyer, T. W. Hayes, J. C. McIntyre, J. I. BE Warwick, P TI Environmental measurements of radioxenon SO ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS III SE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Environmental Radiochemical Analysis III CY SEP, 2006 CL Oxford, ENGLAND SP Royal Soc Chem ID TEST-BAN TREATY; CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT; RADIOACTIVE XENON; XE-133; SYSTEM; AIR; ATMOSPHERE; ISOTOPES; GASES C1 [Bowyer, T. W.; Hayes, J. C.; McIntyre, J. I.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bowyer, TW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI McIntyre, Justin/P-1346-2014 OI McIntyre, Justin/0000-0002-3706-4310 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0260-6291 BN 978-0-85404-263-0 J9 ROY SOC CH PY 2007 IS 312 BP 44 EP 51 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BHH88 UT WOS:000253368200006 ER PT S AU Miley, HS Aalseth, CE Day, AR Fanner, OT Fast, JE Hoppe, EW Hossbach, TW Litke, KE McIntyre, JI Miller, EA Seifert, A Warren, GA AF Miley, H. S. Aalseth, C. E. Day, A. R. Fanner, O. T. Fast, J. E. Hoppe, E. W. Hossbach, T. W. Litke, K. E. McIntyre, J. I. Miller, E. A. Seifert, A. Warren, G. A. BE Warwick, P TI The chemistry of ultra-radiopure materials SO ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS III SE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Environmental Radiochemical Analysis III CY SEP, 2006 CL Oxford, ENGLAND SP Royal Soc Chem ID SPECTROMETRY; EMISSIVITY C1 [Miley, H. S.; Aalseth, C. E.; Day, A. R.; Fanner, O. T.; Fast, J. E.; Hoppe, E. W.; Hossbach, T. W.; Litke, K. E.; McIntyre, J. I.; Miller, E. A.; Seifert, A.; Warren, G. A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Miley, HS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI McIntyre, Justin/P-1346-2014 OI McIntyre, Justin/0000-0002-3706-4310 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0260-6291 BN 978-0-85404-263-0 J9 ROY SOC CH PY 2007 IS 312 BP 154 EP 161 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BHH88 UT WOS:000253368200019 ER PT J AU Lobell, DB Field, CB AF Lobell, David B. Field, Christopher B. TI Global scale climate - crop yield relationships and the impacts of recent warming SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE climate change; crop yield; food production ID INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT; WHEAT YIELD; FOOD; TRENDS; AGRICULTURE; MODEL; CO2; USA AB Changes in the global production of major crops are important drivers of food prices, food security and land use decisions. Average global yields for these commodities are determined by the performance of crops in millions of fields distributed across a range of management, soil and climate regimes. Despite the complexity of global food supply, here we show that simple measures of growing season temperatures and precipitation - spatial averages based on the locations of each crop - explain similar to 30% or more of year-to-year variations in global average yields for the world's six most widely grown crops. For wheat, maize and barley, there is a clearly negative response of global yields to increased temperatures. Based on these sensitivities and observed climate trends, we estimate that warming since 1981 has resulted in annual combined losses of these three crops representing roughly 40 Mt or $5 billion per year, as of 2002. While these impacts are small relative to the technological yield gains over the same period, the results demonstrate already occurring negative impacts of climate trends on crop yields at the global scale. C1 [Lobell, David B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Field, Christopher B.] Carnegie Inst, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Lobell, DB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 26 TC 464 Z9 503 U1 44 U2 290 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JAN-MAR PY 2007 VL 2 IS 1 AR 014002 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/2/1/014002 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 269MI UT WOS:000253652700004 ER PT J AU Cummings, DE Fendorf, S Singh, N Sani, RK Peyton, BM Magnuson, TS AF Cummings, David E. Fendorf, Scott Singh, Nathan Sani, Rajesh K. Peyton, Brent M. Magnuson, Timothy S. TI Reduction of Cr(VI) under acidic conditions by the facultative Fe(III)-reducing bacterium Acidiphilium cryptum SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACIDOPHILIC HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA; CHROMIUM(VI) REDUCTION; CHROMATE REDUCTION; FERRIC IRON; DISSIMILATORY REDUCTION; HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; THIOBACILLUS-FERROOXIDANS; MICROBIAL REDUCTION; ELECTRON-ACCEPTORS; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA AB The potential for biological reduction of Cr(VI) under acidic conditions was evaluated with the acidophilic, facultatively metal-reducing bacterium Acidiphilium cryptum strain JF-5 to explore the role of acidophilic microorganisms in the Cr cycle in low-pH environments. An anaerobic suspension of washed A. cryptum cells rapidly reduced 50 mu M Cr(VI) at pH 3.2; biological reduction was detected from pH 1.7-4.7. The reduction product, confirmed by XANES analysis, was entirely Cr(III) that was associated predominantly with the cell biomass (70-80%) with the residual residing in the aqueous phase. Reduction of Cr(VI) showed a pH optimum similar to that for growth and was inhibited by 5 mM HgCl2, suggesting that the reaction was enzyme-mediated. Introduction of O-2 into the reaction medium slowed the reduction rate only slightly, whereas soluble Fe(III) (as ferric sulfate) increased the rate dramatically, presumably by the shuttling of electrons from bioreduced Fe(II) to Cr(VI) in a coupled biotic-abiotic cycle. Starved cells could not reduce Cr(VI) when provided as sole electron acceptor, indicating that Cr(VI) reduction is not an energy-conserving process in A. cryptum. We speculate, rather, that Cr(VI) reduction is used here as a detoxification mechanism. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Dept Biotechnol, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Point Loma Nazarene Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Cummings, DE (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Dept Biotechnol, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM dcumming@pointloma.edu RI Peyton, Brent/G-5247-2015 OI Peyton, Brent/0000-0003-0033-0651 NR 65 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 6 U2 51 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 1 BP 146 EP 152 DI 10.1021/es061333k PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 120ZC UT WOS:000243124600027 PM 17265940 ER PT J AU Borch, T Masue, Y Kukkadapu, RK Fendorf, S AF Borch, Thomas Masue, Yoko Kukkadapu, Ravi K. Fendorf, Scott TI Phosphate imposed limitations on biological reduction and alteration of ferrihydrite SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDROUS FERRIC-OXIDE; DISSIMILATORY IRON REDUCTION; FE(III) OXIDE; FE(III)-REDUCING BACTERIUM; MINERALIZATION PATHWAYS; IRON(III) REDUCTION; REDUCING BACTERIUM; GREEN RUST; DISSOLUTION; PHOSPHORUS AB Biogeochemical transformation (inclusive of dissolution) of iron (hydr)oxides resulting from dissimilatory reduction has a pronounced impact on the fate and transport of nutrients and contaminants in subsurface environments. Despite the reactivity noted for pristine (unreacted) minerals, iron (hydr)oxides within native environments will likely have a different reactivity owing in part to changes in surface composition. Accordingly, here we explore the impact of surface modifications induced by phosphate adsorption on ferrihydrite reduction by Shewanella putrefaciens under static and advective flow conditions. Alterations in surface reactivity induced by phosphate changes the extent, decreasing Fe(III) reduction nearly linearly with increasing P surface coverage, and pathway of iron biomineralization. Magnetite is the most appreciable mineralization product while minor amounts of vivianite and green rust-like phases are formed in systems having high aqueous concentrations of phosphate, ferrous iron, and bicarbonate. Goethite and lepidocrocite, characteristic biomineralization products at low ferrous-iron concentrations, are inhibited in the presence of adsorbed phosphate. Thus, deviations in iron (hydr)oxide reactivity with changes in surface composition, such as those noted here for phosphate, need to be considered within natural environments. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Borch, T (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM borch@colostate.edu; fendorf@stanford.edu RI Borch, Thomas/A-2288-2008 OI Borch, Thomas/0000-0002-4251-1613 NR 43 TC 82 Z9 86 U1 7 U2 66 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 1 BP 166 EP 172 DI 10.1021/es060695p PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 120ZC UT WOS:000243124600030 PM 17265943 ER PT J AU Braun, A Mun, BS Huggins, FE Huffman, GP AF Braun, Artur Mun, Bongjin Simon Huggins, Frank E. Huffman, Gerald P. TI Carbon speciation of diesel exhaust and urban particulate matter NIST standard reference materials with C(1s) NEXAFS spectroscopy SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; INNER-SHELL SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE-AREA EVOLUTION; NEAR-EDGE; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SOOT NANOPARTICLES; CO2 ADSORPTION; AIR OXIDATION; ABSORPTION; GRAPHITE AB The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) provides a number of particulate matter (PM) standard reference materials (SRM) for use in environmental and toxicological methodology and research. We present here the first analysis with respect to the molecular structure of the carbon in three such NIST SRM samples, i.e., diesel engine exhaust soot from heavy duty equipment engines (SRM 1650), diesel soot from a forklift engine (SRM 2975), and urban PM collected in St. Louis, MO (SRM 1648), with near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. The NEXAFS spectra of the two diesel soot samples appear quite similar, while they differ significantly from the urban PM spectrum, in agreement with X-ray diffraction data published recently. Such comparison is made in terms of aromatic and aliphatic carbon species, as well as by a general comparison with graphitic materials. Both diesel soot SRM samples contain basic graphitic structures, but the presence of exciton resonance and extended X-ray absorption fine structure oscillations in SRM 1650 and the lack therof in SRM 2975 suggest that SRM 1650 is the more graphitic material. The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which have a characteristic NEXAFS resonance at the same position as graphite, can obscure the graphitic character of soot, unless an extraction of the organic matter is made. Our NEXAFS data do not suggest that the urban PM sample SRM 1648 contains a substantial amount of graphite-like material. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Univ Kentucky, Consortium Fossil Fuel Sci, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EMPA, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Testing & Res, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Braun, A (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM artur.braun@alumni.ethz.ch RI Huggins, Frank/A-8861-2009; Mun, Bongjin /G-1701-2013; BRAUN, Artur/A-1154-2009 OI BRAUN, Artur/0000-0002-6992-7774 NR 49 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 1 BP 173 EP 178 DI 10.1021/es061044w PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 120ZC UT WOS:000243124600031 PM 17265944 ER PT J AU Villeneuve, DL Larkin, P Knoebl, I Miracle, AL Kahl, MD Jensen, KM Makynen, EA Durhan, EJ Carter, BJ Denslow, ND Ankley, GT AF Villeneuve, Daniel L. Larkin, Patrick Knoebl, Iris Miracle, Ann L. Kahl, Michael D. Jensen, Kathleen M. Makynen, Elizabeth A. Durhan, Elizabeth J. Carter, Barbara J. Denslow, Nancy D. Ankley, Gerald T. TI A graphical systems model to facilitate hypothesis-driven ecotoxicogenomics research on the teleost brain-pituitary-gonadal axis SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; AROMATASE INHIBITOR FADROZOLE; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; TOXICOGENOMICS; ECOTOXICOLOGY; PROTEIN; FISH; TRANSCRIPTOME; CONTAMINANTS AB Graphical systems models are powerful tools that can help facilitate hypothesis-driven ecotoxicogenomic research and aid in mechanistic interpretation of results. This paper describes a novel graphical model of the teleost brain-pituitary-gonadal (BPG) axis designed for ecotoxicogenomics research on endocrine-disrupting chemicals using small fish models. The model incorporates six compartments representing the major organs involved in the fish reproductive axis and depicts the interactions of over 105 proteins and 40 simple molecules, transcriptional regulation of 25 genes, and over 300 different reactions/processes. Application of the model is illustrated in the context of a study examining effects of the competitive aromatase inhibitor, fadrozole, on gene expression in gonad, brain, and liver tissue of fathead minnows. Changes in mRNA transcript abundance were measured using a fathead minnow oligonucleotide microarray and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Gene expression changes observed in the ovaries of females exposed to 6.3 mu g fadrozole/L for 7 d were functionally consistent with fadrozole's mechanism of action, and expected compensatory responses of the BPG axis to fadrozole's effects. Furthermore, microarray results helped identify additional elements (genes/proteins) that could be included in the model to potentially increase its predictive capacity. With proper recognition of their utility and limitations, graphical models can serve as important tools for linking molecular and biochemical changes to whole organism outcomes. C1 US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EcoArray, Alachua, FL 32615 USA. US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Environm & Human Toxicol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Villeneuve, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM villeneuve.dan@epa.gov NR 48 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 5 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 1 BP 321 EP 330 DI 10.1021/es061739x PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 120ZC UT WOS:000243124600053 PM 17265966 ER PT S AU Zaidi, MK AF Zaidi, M. K. BE Linkov, I Kiker, GA Wenning, RJ TI Risk assessment in detection and prevention of terrorist attacks in harbors and coastal areas SO Environmental Security in Harbors and Coastal Areas: MANAGEMENT USING COMPARATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT AND MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION ANALYSIS SE Nato Science for Peace and Security Series C - Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Management Tools for Port Security, Critical Infrastructure, and Sustainability CY MAR, 2005 CL Thessaloniki, GREECE SP NATO AB The terrorists are seeking ways to attack the supply line of important goods and may cause damage to the environment, food, and the neighboring sea life. To prevent such an attack, the developing countries are doing major work in research and development of systems to detect such chemicals/explosives, which may be used by the terrorist groups to attack the developed nations. Risk assessment in detecting and preventing terrorist attacks is used to determine the accident sequences that lead to system failures, to remove weak links of the system, and also to help those who regulate the shipping and port establishments. C1 Radiobiol & Environm Sci Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. RP Zaidi, MK (reprint author), Radiobiol & Environm Sci Lab, 1955 Fremont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-5800-4 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR PY 2007 BP 309 EP 316 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5802-8_21 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BGD80 UT WOS:000246198000021 ER PT J AU Southworth, G Lindberg, S Hintelmann, H Amyot, M Poulain, A Bogle, M Peterson, M Rudd, J Harris, R Sandilands, K Krabbenhoft, D Olsen, M AF Southworth, George Lindberg, Steven Hintelmann, Holger Amyot, Marc Poulain, Alexandre Bogle, Maryanna Peterson, Mark Rudd, John Harris, R. Sandilands, Kenneth Krabbenhoft, David Olsen, Mark TI Evasion of added isotopic mercury from a northern temperate lake SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE mercury; isotopic tracer; evasion; lake; volatilization ID DISSOLVED GASEOUS MERCURY; AIR-SEA EXCHANGE; AIR/WATER EXCHANGE; VOLATILE MERCURY; GAS-EXCHANGE; WATER-AIR; SURFACE; VOLATILIZATION; DEPOSITION; INTERFACE AB Isotopically enriched Hg (90% Hg-202) was added to a small lake in Ontario, Canada, at a rate equivalent to approximately threefold the annual direct atmospheric deposition rate that is typical of the northeastern United States. The Hg spike was thoroughly mixed into the epilimion in nine separate events at two-week intervals throughout the summer growing season for three consecutive years. We measured concentrations of spike and ambient dissolved gaseous Hg (DGM) concentrations in Surface water and the rate of volatilization of Hg from the lake Oil four separate, week - long sampling periods using floating dynamic flux chambers. The relationship between empirically measured rates of spike-Hg evasion were evaluated as functions of DGM concentration, wind velocity, and solar illumination. No individual environmental variable proved to be a strong predictor of the evasion flux. The DGM-normalized flux (expressed as the mass transfer coefficient, k) varied with wind velocity in a manner consistent with existing models of evasion of volatile Solutes from natural waters but was higher than model estimates at low wind velocity. The empirical data were used to construct a description of evasion flux as a function of total dissolved Hg, wind, and Solar illumination. That model was then applied to data for three Summers for the experiment to generate estimates of Hg, re-emission from the lake surface to the atmosphere. Based on ratios of spike Hg to ambient Hg in DGM and dissolved total Hg pools. ratios of DGM to total Hg in spike and ambient Fig pools, and flux estimates of spike and ambient Hg. we concluded that the added Hg spike was chemically indistinguishable from the ambient Hg in its behavior. Approximately 45% of Hg added to the lake over the Summer was lost via volatilization. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Trent Univ, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. R&K Res, Salt Spring Isl, BC, Canada. Tetra Tech, Oakville, ON L6J 4E6, Canada. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Freshwater Inst, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53562 USA. RP Southworth, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM southworthgr@ornl.gov RI Amyot, Marc/A-7182-2008; Poulain, Alexandre/C-2136-2008; Poulain, Alexandre/C-1246-2009 OI Amyot, Marc/0000-0002-0340-3249; Hintelmann, Holger/0000-0002-5287-483X; NR 38 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.1897/06-148R.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 123KC UT WOS:000243293800006 PM 17269459 ER PT J AU Kalyuzhnyi, YV Protsykevytch, IA Cummings, PT AF Kalyuzhnyi, Y. V. Protsykevytch, I. A. Cummings, P. T. TI Thermodynamic properties and liquid-gas phase diagram of the dipolar hard-sphere fluid SO EPL LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO; ASSOCIATION; TRANSITION AB A version of the thermodynamic perturbation theory for associative fluids with central force associative potential is developed. The theory is used to describe thermodynamic properties of the fluid of dipolar hard spheres at intermediate and low temperatures. The accuracy of the theory proposed ranges from quantitative at intermediate temperatures to qualitative at low temperatures. The liquid-gas phase diagram with the critical point located in reasonable agreement with the prediction of a recent computer simulation estimate is calculated. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2007. C1 [Kalyuzhnyi, Y. V.; Protsykevytch, I. A.] Inst Condensed Matter Phys, UA-79011 Lvov, Ukraine. [Cummings, P. T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Cummings, P. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Kalyuzhnyi, YV (reprint author), Inst Condensed Matter Phys, Svientsitskoho 1, UA-79011 Lvov, Ukraine. RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 17 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 EI 1286-4854 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PY 2007 VL 80 IS 5 AR 56002 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/80/56002 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 241HQ UT WOS:000251647900016 ER PT J AU Onose, Y Ong, NP Petrovic, C AF Onose, Y. Ong, N. P. Petrovic, C. TI The Lorenz number in CeCoIn5 inferred from the thermal and charge Hall currents SO EPL LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM CRITICAL-POINT; CONDUCTIVITY; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; ENHANCEMENT; YBA2CU3O7; ANGLE AB The thermal Hall conductivity kappa(xy) and Hall conductivity sigma(xy) in CeCoIn5 are used to determine the Lorenz number L-H at low temperature T. This enables the separation of the observed thermal conductivity into its electronic and non-electronic parts. We uncover evidence for a charge-neutral, field-dependent thermal conductivity, which we identify with spin excitations. At low T, these excitations dominate the scattering of charge carriers. We show that suppression of the spin excitations in high fields leads to a steep enhancement of the electron mean-free-path, which leads to an interesting scaling relation between the magnetoresistance, thermal conductivity and sigma(xy). Copyright (C) EPLA, 2007 C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Onose, Y (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Petrovic, Cedomir/A-8789-2009; Onose, Yoshinori/F-1977-2010 OI Petrovic, Cedomir/0000-0001-6063-1881; NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PY 2007 VL 80 IS 3 AR 37005 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/80/37005 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 223XQ UT WOS:000250409800018 ER PT J AU Bai, M Knorr, K Simpson, MJ Trogisch, S Taub, H Ehrlich, SN Mo, H Volkmann, UG Hansen, FY AF Bai, M. Knorr, K. Simpson, M. J. Trogisch, S. Taub, H. Ehrlich, S. N. Mo, H. Volkmann, U. G. Hansen, F. Y. TI Nanoscale observation of delayering in alkane films SO EPL LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; SIO2 SURFACE; DOTRIACONTANE FILMS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DIFFRACTION; INTERFACES; GROWTH AB Tapping-mode Atomic Force Microscopy and synchrotron X-ray scattering measurements on dotriacontane ( n-C(32)H(66) or C(32)) films adsorbed on SiO(2)- coated Si( 100) wafers reveal a narrow temperature range near the bulk C32 melting point T(b) in which a monolayer phase of C32 molecules oriented perpendicular to surface is stable. This monolayer phase undergoes a delayering transition to a three-dimensional (3D)fluid phase on heating to just above T(b) and to a solid 3D phase on cooling below T(b). An equilibrium phase diagram provides a useful framework for interpreting the unusual spreading and receding of the monolayer observed in transitions to and from the respective 3D phases. Copyright c (c) EPLA, 2007. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Res Reactor, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Santiago 22, Chile. Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Chem, IK 207 DTU, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. Univ Saarland, Techn Phys, D-66041 Saarbrucken, Germany. Qimonda Dresden GmbH & Co, D-01199 Dresden, Germany. RP Bai, M (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RI Knorr, Klaus/B-8142-2008; Volkmann, Ulrich/H-1802-2014; Simpson, Matthew/J-8354-2015 OI Simpson, Matthew/0000-0002-8404-8356 NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PY 2007 VL 79 IS 2 AR 26003 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/79/26003 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 203MX UT WOS:000248979800013 ER PT J AU Boixo, S Viola, L Ortiz, G AF Boixo, S. Viola, L. Ortiz, G. TI Generalized coherent states as preferred states of open quantum systems SO EPL LA English DT Article ID DECOHERENCE; UNCERTAINTY AB We investigate the connection between quasi-classical (pointer) states and generalized coherent states (GCSs) within an algebraic approach to Markovian quantum systems (including bosons, spins, and fermions). We establish conditions for the GCS set to become most robust by relating the rate of purity loss to an invariant measure of uncertainty derived from quantum Fisher information. We find that, for damped bosonic modes, the stability of canonical coherent states is confirmed in a variety of scenarios, while for systems described by (compact) Lie algebras, stringent symmetry constraints must be obeyed for the GCS set to be preferred. The relationship between GCSs, minimum-uncertainty states, and decoherence-free subspaces is also elucidated. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2007. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS Modeling Algorithms & Informat 3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Boixo, S (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 EI 1286-4854 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PY 2007 VL 79 IS 4 AR 40003 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/79/40003 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 203MZ UT WOS:000248980000003 ER PT J AU Franco, V Conde, A Pecharsky, VK Gschneidner, KA AF Franco, V. Conde, A. Pecharsky, V. K. Gschneidner, K. A., Jr. TI Field dependence of the magnetocaloric effect in Gd and (Er(1-x)Dy(x))Al(2): Does a universal curve exist? SO EPL LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION; GADOLINIUM AB The field dependence of the magnetic entropy change of ferromagnetic lanthanide-based materials has been studied. The recently proposed master curve for the field dependence of the magnetocaloric effect of Fe-based amorphous alloys can also be constructed for these lanthanide-based crystalline materials, suggesting a universal behavior. The exponent n controlling the field dependence of the magnetic entropy change can be used for the interpretation of results in the case of multiple magnetic ordering phenomena. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2007. C1 Univ Seville, CSIC, ICMSE, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, E-41080 Seville, Spain. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Franco, V (reprint author), Univ Seville, CSIC, ICMSE, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, POB 1065, E-41080 Seville, Spain. RI Franco, Victorino/B-8982-2008; Conde, Alejandro/A-8115-2013 OI Franco, Victorino/0000-0003-3028-6815; Conde, Alejandro/0000-0002-1067-2754 NR 19 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 21 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PY 2007 VL 79 IS 4 AR 47009 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/79/47009 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 203MZ UT WOS:000248980000017 ER PT J AU Learmonth, T McGuinness, C Glans, PA Downes, JE Schmitt, T Duda, LC Guo, JH Chou, FC Smith, KE AF Learmonth, T. McGuinness, C. Glans, P.-A. Downes, J. E. Schmitt, T. Duda, L.-C. Guo, J.-H. Chou, F. C. Smith, K. E. TI Observation of multiple Zhang-Rice excitations in a correlated solid: Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering study of Li2CuO2 SO EPL LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; SUPERCONDUCTORS; CHAINS; OXYGEN; STATES AB Multiple Zhang-Rice type spectral features have been observed in resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) from the quasi -one-dimensional cuprate charge transfer insulator Li2CuO2. The first feature appears at constant emission energy, and is associated with a Zhang-Rice singlet final state. The second is an interplaquette charge transfer excitation that results in a novel triplet Zhang-Rice -type final state. It is accompanied by the presence of a O 2p nonbonding to upper Hubbard band excitation at an energy close to that of a calculated triplet charge transfer Zhang-Rice -type excitation. The site selectivity and polarization rules associated with RIXS allows these two excitations to be distinguished. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2007. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Sch Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland. Macquarie Univ, Dept Phys, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Smith, KE (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Phys, 590 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM ksmith@bu.edu RI McGuinness, Cormac/C-6808-2008; Schmitt, Thorsten/A-7025-2010; Glans, Per-Anders/G-8674-2016 OI McGuinness, Cormac/0000-0002-3095-330X; NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 12 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PY 2007 VL 79 IS 4 AR 47012 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/79/47012 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 203MZ UT WOS:000248980000020 ER PT J AU Lim, M Braha, D Wijesinghe, S Tucker, S Bar-Yam, Y AF Lim, M. Braha, D. Wijesinghe, S. Tucker, S. Bar-Yam, Y. TI Preferential detachment in broadcast signaling networks: Connectivity and cost trade-off SO EPL LA English DT Article ID SCALE-FREE NETWORKS; COMPLEX NETWORKS; SMALL-WORLD; COMMUNICATION; CONGESTION; DYNAMICS; PERCOLATION AB We consider a network of nodes distributed in physical space without physical links communicating through message broadcasting over specified distances. Typically, communication using smaller distances is desirable due to savings in energy or other resources. We introduce a network formation mechanism to enable reducing the distances while retaining connectivity. Nodes, which initially transmit signals at a prespecified maximum distance, subject links to preferential detachment by autonomously decreasing their transmission radii while satisfying conditions of zero communication loss and fixed maximum node- hopping distance for signaling. Applied to networks with various spatial topologies, we find cost reductions as high as 90% over networks that are restricted to have all nodes with equal transmission distance. C1 New England Complex Syst Inst, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02454 USA. Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Lim, M (reprint author), New England Complex Syst Inst, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Lim, May/A-4709-2010 OI Lim, May/0000-0002-6529-7998 NR 41 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 EI 1286-4854 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PY 2007 VL 79 IS 5 AR 58005 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/79/58005 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 203NA UT WOS:000248980100024 ER PT J AU Depken, M Lechman, JB Van Hecke, M Van Saarloos, W Grest, GS AF Depken, M. Lechman, J. B. Van Hecke, M. Van Saarloos, W. Grest, G. S. TI Stresses in smooth flows of dense granular media SO EPL LA English DT Article ID KINEMATICS AB The form of the stress tensor is investigated in smooth, dense granular flows which are generated in split-bottom shear geometries. We find that, within a fluctuation fluidized spatial region, the form of the stress tensor is directly dictated by the flow field: The stress and strain-rate tensors are co-linear. The effective friction, defined as the ratio between shear and normal stresses acting on a shearing plane, is found not to be constant but to vary throughout the. owing zone. This variation cannot be explained by inertial effects, but appears to be set by the local geometry of the flow field. This is in agreement with a recent prediction, but in contrast with most models for slow grain flows, and points to there being a subtle mechanism that selects the flow profiles. C1 Leiden Univ, Inst Lorentz, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Leiden Univ, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. RP Depken, M (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Inst Lorentz, Postbus 9506, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. NR 22 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PY 2007 VL 78 IS 5 AR 58001 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/78/58001 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 178QA UT WOS:000247234000022 ER PT J AU Huang, L Gong, XG Gergert, E Forster, F Bendounan, A Reinert, F Zhang, ZY AF Huang, Li Gong, X. G. Gergert, E. Forster, F. Bendounan, A. Reinert, F. Zhang, Zhenyu TI Evolution of a symmetry gap and synergetic quantum well states in ultrathin Ag films on Au(111) substrates SO EPL LA English DT Article ID METAL-SURFACES; THIN-FILMS; PHOTOEMISSION; OVERLAYERS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; ISLANDS; AU AB Using first-principles calculations within density functional theory (DFT) and high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), we carry out a comprehensive study of how a symmetry gap around the Fermi level develops towards its bulk value as the thickness of Ag films grown on an Au(111) substrate increases. We show that, contrary to prevailing assumptions, the symmetry gap in ultrathin Ag films can be substantially wider than the gap of the Au substrate along the [111] direction. As a result, the first and second quantum well states (QWS) are confined within the Ag films only when the film reaches a certain thickness. We further show that, when ultrathin Au films are grown on Ag(111) slabs of comparable thicknesses, synergetic QWS spanning across the whole (Au+Ag) systems are established. C1 Fudan Univ, Surface Phys Lab, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Huang, L (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Surface Phys Lab, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. RI gong, xingao /B-1337-2010; Reinert, Friedrich/J-3005-2013; gong, xingao/D-6532-2011 NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 EI 1286-4854 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PY 2007 VL 78 IS 5 AR 57003 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/78/57003 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 178QA UT WOS:000247234000016 ER PT J AU Levitas, VI Ozsoy, IB Preston, DL AF Levitas, V. I. Ozsoy, I. B. Preston, D. L. TI Interface reorientation during coherent phase transformations SO EPL LA English DT Article ID TRANSITIONS AB The universal thermodynamic driving force for coherent plane interface reorientation (IR) during. first-order phase transformations (PT) in solids is derived. The relation between the rates of IR and interface propagation (IP) and the corresponding driving forces are derived for combined athermal and drag interface friction. The coupled evolution of IR and IP during cubic- tetragonal and tetragonal-orthorhombic PTs under three-dimensional loading is studied. An instability in the interface orientation is shown to have the features of a first-order PT. Copyright (c) EPLA, 2007. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Levitas, VI (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RI ozsoy, istemi/B-6040-2011; ozsoy, istemi baris/C-1649-2012; OI Ozsoy, Istemi Baris/0000-0003-1795-0267 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PY 2007 VL 78 IS 1 AR 16003 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/78/16003 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 165HX UT WOS:000246296300018 ER PT J AU Shnirman, A Martin, I AF Shnirman, A. Martin, I. TI Spin-density induced by electromagnetic wave in two-dimensional electron gas SO EPL LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTORS; RESONANCE; ORIENTATION; TRANSPORT; FIELD AB We consider the magnetic response of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) with a spin-orbit interaction to a long-wavelength electromagnetic excitation. We observe that the transverse electric field creates spin polarization perpendicular to the 2DEG plane. The effect is more prominent in clean systems with resolved spin-orbit-split subbands, and reaches maximum when the frequency of the wave matches the subband splitting at the Fermi momentum. The relation of this effect to the spin-Hall effect is discussed. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2007. C1 Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Theoret Festkorperphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shnirman, A (reprint author), Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Theoret Festkorperphys, Kaiserstr 12, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PY 2007 VL 78 IS 2 AR 27001 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/78/27001 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 165JH UT WOS:000246300700018 ER PT J AU Ben-Naim, E Redner, S Vazquez, F AF Ben-Naim, E. Redner, S. Vazquez, F. TI Scaling in tournaments SO EPL LA English DT Article ID DISTRIBUTIONS; KINETICS; MODELS AB We study a stochastic process that mimics single-game elimination tournaments. In our model, the outcome of each match is stochastic: the weaker player wins with upset probability q <= 1/2, and the stronger player wins with probability 1-q. The loser is eliminated. Extremal statistics of the initial distribution of player strengths governs the tournament outcome. For a uniform initial distribution of strengths, the rank of the winner, x*, decays algebraically with the number of players, N, as x* similar to N(-beta). Different decay exponents are found analytically for sequential dynamics, beta(seq) = 1- 2q, and parallel dynamics, beta(par) = 1+ ln( 1- q)/ ln 2. The distribution of player strengths becomes self-similar in the long time limit with an algebraic tail. Our theory successfully describes statistics of the US college basketball national championship tournament. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Ben-Naim, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Ben-Naim, Eli/C-7542-2009 OI Ben-Naim, Eli/0000-0002-2444-7304 NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 3 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PY 2007 VL 77 IS 3 AR 30005 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/77/30005 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 157TD UT WOS:000245743000005 ER PT J AU Jeong, HK Valla, T Berger, R Johnson, PD Smith, KE AF Jeong, H. -K. Valla, T. Berger, R. Johnson, P. D. Smith, K. E. TI Experimental determination of the Fermi surface of the spin spiral compound TICo(2)Se(2) SO EPL LA English DT Article ID TO-FERROMAGNETIC TRANSITION; THCR2SI2 STRUCTURE AB The electronic structure of TlCo(2)Se(2) has been measured using high resolution angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy. TlCo(2)Se(2) is thought to be an example of an incommensurate spin spiral system, where the magnetic moments of the cobalt layers are aligned ferromagnetically in the ab plane, but the magnetic moments are rotated by similar to 121 degrees along the c-axis. However, experimental evidence in the electronic structure supporting spin spiral states has been lacking. Our experimental results clearly show the existence of band crossings near the Fermi level that are consistent with such states. Our data also reveal a remarkably heavily nested square Fermi surface in the plane perpendicular to the spin spiral, confirming the predicted quasi - two-dimensional electronic structure. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Uppsala Univ, Dept Chem Mat, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Jeong, HK (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Phys, 590 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM ksmith@bu.edu NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PY 2007 VL 77 IS 2 AR 27001 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/77/27001 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 156SZ UT WOS:000245671500021 ER PT J AU Krstic, PS Reinhold, CO Stuart, SJ AF Krstic, P. S. Reinhold, C. O. Stuart, S. J. TI Chemical sputtering by impact of excited molecules SO EPL LA English DT Article ID ATJ GRAPHITE; D-IONS; ENERGY; HYDROCARBONS; EROSION AB We study chemical sputtering of deuterated amorphous carbon surfaces by D atoms, vibrationally excited D-2, and dissociating D-3 molecules, in a range of impact energies, 7.5 - 30 eV/ D. We analyze the role of the internal state, i.e. the vibrationally excited and dissociating states of the neutral molecules resulting from above-surface neutralization of impacting molecular ions in typical sputtering experiments. The sputtering yields are shown to considerably increase with the internal vibrational energy at the lowest impact energies. By comparison of calculated and measured yields we draw conclusions regarding the possible mechanisms for neutralization. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Krstic, PS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM krsticp@ornl.gov RI Stuart, Steven/H-1111-2012; OI Reinhold, Carlos/0000-0003-0100-4962 NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PY 2007 VL 77 IS 3 AR 33002 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/77/33002 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 157TD UT WOS:000245743000010 ER PT J AU Rosmej, FB Lee, RW AF Rosmej, F. B. Lee, R. W. TI Hollow ion emission driven by pulsed intense X-ray fields SO EPL LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-SOURCES; LASER-PLASMA; SPECTRA; HOT; DIAGNOSTICS; ATOMS AB Transient hollow ion atomic radiation field kinetics is developed which shows that short pulse intense narrow-band X-ray sources enable the rise of hollow ion population densities in dense plasmas more than 10 orders of magnitude higher than without pump. The subsequent hollow ion X-ray emission, which will escape even extremely high-density plasmas without detrimental absorption, will open up a new field of research and allow novel studies of atomic systems in intense Coulomb fields. Simulations including relaxation effects show that for parameters of currently established free-electron X-ray lasers atomic chain reactions can be initiated which drive efficient hollow ion X-ray emission. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2007. C1 Univ Aix Marseille 1, Ctr St Jerome, PIIM, UMR 6633, F-13397 Marseille 20, France. CNRS, F-13397 Marseille 20, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Rosmej, FB (reprint author), Univ Aix Marseille 1, Ctr St Jerome, PIIM, UMR 6633, F-13397 Marseille 20, France. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PY 2007 VL 77 IS 2 AR 24001 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/77/24001 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 156SZ UT WOS:000245671500015 ER PT J AU Shapiro, SM Vorderwisch, P Habicht, K Hradil, K Schneider, H AF Shapiro, S. M. Vorderwisch, P. Habicht, K. Hradil, K. Schneider, H. TI Observation of phasons in the magnetic shape memory alloy Ni2MnGa SO EPL LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-DENSITY WAVES; FIELD-INDUCED STRAIN; SCATTERING; TRANSFORMATION; TRANSITIONS; DYNAMICS AB An inelastic neutron scattering study of the lattice dynamics of the martensite phase of the ferromagnetic shape memory alloy, Ni2MnGa, reveals the presence of well-defined phasons associated with the charge density wave (CDW) resulting from Fermi surface (FS) nesting. The velocity and the temperature dependence of the phason are measured as well as the anomalous [110]-TA(2) phonon. Copyright (c) EPLA, 2007. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, Berlin, Germany. Univ Gottingen, D-3400 Gottingen, Germany. RP Shapiro, SM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Hradil, Klaudia/M-7069-2014; Habicht, Klaus/K-3636-2013 OI Hradil, Klaudia/0000-0002-6989-2495; Habicht, Klaus/0000-0002-9915-7221 NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PY 2007 VL 77 IS 5 AR 56004 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/77/56004 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 157UW UT WOS:000245747900018 ER PT J AU Sinitsyn, NA Nemenman, I AF Sinitsyn, N. A. Nemenman, I. TI The Berry phase and the pump flux in stochastic chemical kinetics SO EPL LA English DT Article ID OSCILLATING ELECTRIC-FIELD; MICHAELIS-MENTEN EQUATION; FREE-ENERGY TRANSDUCTION; ENZYME CATALYSIS; MOLECULAR MOTORS; BROWNIAN MOTORS; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS; NOISE; TRANSITIONS AB We study a classical two-state stochastic system in a sea of substrates and products ( absorbing states), which can be interpreted as a single Michaelis-Menten catalyzing enzyme or as a channel on a cell surface. We introduce a novel general method and use it to derive the expression for the full counting statistics of transitions among the absorbing states. For the evolution of the system under a periodic perturbation of the kinetic rates, the latter contains a term with a purely geometrical ( the Berry phase) interpretation. This term gives rise to a pump current between the absorbing states, which is due entirely to the stochastic nature of the system. We calculate the first two cumulants of this current, and we argue that it is observable experimentally. Copyright (c) EPLA, 2007. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Computat & Stat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sinitsyn, NA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Sinitsyn, nikolai/B-5617-2009; OI Nemenman, Ilya/0000-0003-3024-4244 NR 45 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 9 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PY 2007 VL 77 IS 5 AR 58001 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/77/58001 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 157UW UT WOS:000245747900025 ER PT J AU Tobin, JG Yu, SW Komesu, T Chung, BW Morton, SA Waddill, GD AF Tobin, J. G. Yu, S. W. Komesu, T. Chung, B. W. Morton, S. A. Waddill, G. D. TI Evidence of dynamical spin shielding in Ce from spin-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy SO EPL LA English DT Article ID MEAN-FIELD THEORY; MAGNETIC-DICHROISM; GAMMA-CE; PHOTOEMISSION; MODEL; POLARIZATION; ORIENTATION AB Using Fano effect measurements upon polycrystalline Ce, we have observed a phase reversal between the spectral structure at the Fermi edge and the other 4f derived feature near a binding energy of 2 eV. The Fano effect is the observation of spin polarized photoelectron emission from nonmagnetic materials, under chirally selective excitation, such as circularly polarized photons. The observation of phase reversal between the two peaks is a direct experimental proof of Kondo shielding in Ce, confirming the predictions of Gunnarsson and Shoenhammer, albeit with a small modification. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Missouri, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. RP Tobin, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM Tobin1@LLNL.Gov RI Chung, Brandon/G-2929-2012; Tobin, James/O-6953-2015 NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 EI 1286-4854 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PY 2007 VL 77 IS 1 AR 17004 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/77/17004 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 156NT UT WOS:000245656900015 ER PT S AU Choi, HJ Mark, LS Dainoff, MJ Ye, L AF Choi, Hyeg Joo Mark, Leonard S. Dainoff, Marvin J. Ye, Lin BE Dainoff, MJ TI Constraints on demarcating left and right areas in designing of a performance-based workstation SO ERGONOMICS AND HEALTH ASPECTS OF WORK WITH COMPUTERS, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Ergonomics and Health Aspects of Work with Computers CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE lab study; constraints; reach; handedness; performance-based approach; workstation design ID TASK AB The purpose of this study was to show the constraints that demarcate right and left areas in designing a performance-based workstation. As a part of the larger project, the current experiment was designed to determine the directional location at which people change from using their right hand to using their left hand when reaching for a pen to write their name. The results from 21 right-handed participants showed that their left hand was not used significantly in any azimuth lines. Although right-handed participants used their left hand more often as the target location approached their contralateral side of their body, the frequencies of left hand use were not significantly dominant even beyond the left shoulder plane used in this experiment. Along with findings from previous work, we conclude that for this particular task the hand-use transition occurs beyond 20 degrees left of left shoulder plane. The location of this boundary is markedly farther to the left than identified in other research, thereby demonstrating the importance of task constraint in describing work area. C1 [Choi, Hyeg Joo] AF Res Lab, ORISE, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Mark, Leonard S.; Dainoff, Marvin J.; Ye, Lin] Miami Univ, Dept Psychol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Choi, HJ (reprint author), AF Res Lab, ORISE, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM joo.choi@gmail.com; finarkls@muohio.edu; dainofmj@muohio.edu; yel@muohio.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-73332-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4566 BP 171 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Industrial; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Computer Science; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BGK93 UT WOS:000248080700022 ER PT B AU Fajer, MI Sale, KL Fajer, PG AF Fajer, Mikolai I. Sale, Kenneth L. Fajer, Piotr G. BE Hemminga, MA Berliner, LJ TI Molecular modeling of spin labels SO ESR Spectroscopy in Membrane Biophysics SE BIOLOGICAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Graduate Course on Advanced ESR Spectroscopy in Membrane Biophysics CY MAR-APR -, 2004 CL Wageningen, NETHERLANDS SP Grad Sch Expt Plant Sci ID ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; DYNAMICS; MINIMIZATION; SIMULATIONS; ORIENTATION C1 Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Fajer, MI (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 978-0-387-25066-3 J9 BIO MAGN RE PY 2007 VL 27 BP 253 EP 259 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Spectroscopy GA BFZ70 UT WOS:000245667500007 ER PT S AU Steen, C Martinez-Limia, A Pichler, P Ryssel, H Pei, L Duscher, G Windl, W AF Steen, Christian Martinez-Limia, Alberto Pichler, Peter Ryssel, Heiner Pei, Lirong Duscher, Gerd Windl, Wolfgang BE SchmittLandsiedel, D Thewes, R TI Characterization of the pile-up of As at the SiO2/Si interface SO ESSDERC 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 37TH EUROPEAN SOLID-STATE DEVICE RESEARCH CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the European Solid-State Device Research Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th European Solid-State Device Research Conference CY SEP 11-13, 2007 CL Technische Univ Munchen, Munich, GERMANY SP IEEE, SSCS, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, ST, Synopsys, Agilent Technol, Rohde & Schwarz, Texas Instruments, NXP, DFG, Infineon, Qimonda, Freescale Semiconductor, Bund der Freunde HO Technische Univ Munchen ID ANTIMONY AB The pile up of As at the SiO2/Si interface was investigated by grazing incidence X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy in combination with removal of silicon layers by etching with thicknesses on the order of a nanometer. In order to determine the thickness of the silicon layers removed at the interface, atomic force microscope measurements were performed at trench structures. With this method, it is possible to determine the thickness of the piled-up region in the silicon. In addition, it is possible to clearly distinguish between the segregated atoms and the As atoms in the bulk over a large range of implantation doses from 3.10(12) cm(-2) to 1.10(16) cm(-2). The samples were annealed at 900 degrees C and 1000 degrees C, respectively, for times sufficiently long to ensure that the segregation reflects an equilibrium effect. With this approach, the pile-up of As was measured with new precision. C1 [Steen, Christian; Pichler, Peter; Ryssel, Heiner] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Chair Elect Devices, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Martinez-Limia, Alberto; Pichler, Peter; Ryssel, Heiner] Fraunhofer Inst Integrated Syst & Device Technol, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Pei, Lirong; Duscher, Gerd] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Duscher, Gerd] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Windl, Wolfgang] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Steen, C (reprint author), Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Chair Elect Devices, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. RI Windl, Wolfgang/C-7255-2012; Duscher, Gerd/G-1730-2014 OI Windl, Wolfgang/0000-0001-5892-0684; Duscher, Gerd/0000-0002-2039-548X FU European Union in the framework of the IST [027152]; National Science Foundation [0244724]; Semiconductor Research Corporation [2002-MJ-1018]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Ry 1/23]; Fraunhofer Society; Humboldt Foundation within a Fraunhofer Bessel; AFM FX This work has been funded by the European Union in the framework of the IST project 027152 ATOMICS, the National Science Foundation under contract No. 0244724, the Semiconductor Research Corporation under contract No.2002-MJ-1018, and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under contract No. Ry 1/23. WW acknowledges support from the Fraunhofer Society and Humboldt Foundation within a Fraunhofer-Bessel research fellowship. We thank Dr. V. Yanev from Fraunhofer IISB for support during the AFM measurements. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-8876 BN 978-1-4244-1123-8 J9 PROC EUR S-STATE DEV PY 2007 BP 267 EP + DI 10.1109/ESSDERC.2007.4430929 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHF93 UT WOS:000252831900057 ER PT S AU Derr, K Manic, M AF Derr, Kurt Manic, Mlos GP IEEE TI Intelligent control in automation based on wireless traffic analysis SO ETFA 2007: 12TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND FACTORY AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation-ETFA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation CY SEP 25-28, 2007 CL Univ Patras, Patras, GREECE SP IEEE, IEEE Ind Elect Soc, Ind Syst, Inst Greece HO Univ Patras DE Bluetooth traffic analysis; intrusion detection; computer security; neuro-fuzzy controller; classification; data mining; fuzzy control AB Wireless technology is a central component of many factory automation infrastructures in both the commercial and government sectors, providing connectivity among various components in industrial realms (distributed sensors, machines, mobile process controllers). However wireless technologies provide more threats to computer security than wired environments. The advantageous features of Bluetooth technology resulted in Bluetooth units shipments climbing to five million per week at the end of 2005 [1, 2]. This is why the real-time interpretation and understanding of Bluetooth traffic behavior is critical in both maintaining the integrity of computer systems and increasing the efficient use of this technology in control type applications. Although neuro-fuzzy approaches have been applied to wireless 802.11 behavior analysis in the past, a significantly different Bluetooth protocol framework has not been extensively explored using this technology. This paper presents a new neuro-fuzzy traffic analysis algorithm of this still new territory of Bluetooth traffic. Further enhancements of this algorithm are presented along with the comparison against the traditional, numerical approach. Through test examples, interesting Bluetooth traffic behavior characteristics were captured, and the comparative elegance of this computationally inexpensive approach was demonstrated. This analysis can be used to provide directions for future development and use of this prevailing technology in various control type applications, as well as making the use of it more secure. C1 [Derr, Kurt] Idaho Natl Lab, 2525 Freemont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Manic, Mlos] Univ Idaho, Dept Comp Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Derr, K (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, 2525 Freemont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM derr5843@itidaho.edu; misko@uidaho.edu NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1946-0740 BN 978-1-4244-0826-9 J9 IEEE INT C EMERG PY 2007 BP 249 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BHL60 UT WOS:000254117100031 ER PT S AU Schulz, M de Supinski, BR AF Schulz, Martin de Supinski, Bronis R. BE Kermarrec, AM Bouge, L Priol, T TI Practical differential profiling SO EURO-PAR 2007 PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 28-31, 2007 CL Rennes, FRANCE SP Int Federat Informat Proc, ACM AB Comparing performance profiles from two runs is an essential performance analysis step that users routinely perform. In this work we present eGprof, a tool that facilitates these comparisons through differential profiling inside gprof. We chose this approach, rather than designing a new tool, since gprof is one of the few performance analysis tools accepted and used by a large community of users. eGprof allows users to "subtract" two performance profiles directly. It also includes callgraph visualization to highlight the differences in graphical form. Along with the design of this tool, we present several case studies that show how eGprof can be used to find and to study the differences of two application executions quickly and hence can aid the user in this most common step in performance analysis. We do this without requiring major changes on the side of the user, the most important factor in guaranteeing the adoption of our tool by code teams. C1 [Schulz, Martin; de Supinski, Bronis R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 808,L-560, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Schulz, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 808,L-560, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM schulzm@llnl.gov; bronis@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48 (UCRL-CONF-227812)] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No. W-7405-Eng-48 (UCRL-CONF-227812). NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-74465-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4641 BP 97 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGS81 UT WOS:000250368200011 ER PT S AU Barker, KJ Kerbyson, DJ AF Barker, Kevin J. Kerbyson, Darren J. BE Kermarrec, AM Bouge, L Priol, T TI Performance analysis of an optical circuit switched network for peta-scale systems SO EURO-PAR 2007 PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 28-31, 2007 CL Rennes, FRANCE SP Int Federat Informat Proc, ACM AB Optical Circuit Switching (OCS) is a promising technology for future large-scale high performance computing networks. It currently widely used in telecommunication networks and offers all-optical data paths between nodes in a system. Traffic passing through these paths is subject only to the propagation delay through optical fibers and optical/electrical conversions on the sending and receiving ends. High communication bandwidths within these paths are possible when using multiple wavelengths multiplexed over the same fiber. The set-up time of an OCS circuit is non-negligible but can be amortized over the lifetime of communications between nodes or by the use of multi-hop routing mechanisms. In this work, we compare the expected performance of an OCS network to more traditional networks including meshes and fat-trees. The comparison considers several current large-scale applications. We show that the performance of an OCS network is comparable to the best of the network types examined. C1 [Barker, Kevin J.; Kerbyson, Darren J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, PAL, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Barker, KJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, PAL, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kjbarker@lanl.gov; djk@lanl.gov FU DOE Accelerated Strategic Computing (ASC); DARPA High Productivity Computing Systems (HPCS); Los Alamos National Security LLC for the US Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This work was funded in part by the DOE Accelerated Strategic Computing (ASC), and the DARPA High Productivity Computing Systems (HPCS) programs. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC for the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-74465-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4641 BP 858 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGS81 UT WOS:000250368200091 ER PT S AU Shipman, GA Graham, RL Bosilca, G AF Shipman, Galen A. Graham, Richard L. Bosilca, George BE Kermarrec, AM Bouge, L Priol, T TI Network fault tolerance in open MPI SO EURO-PAR 2007 PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 28-31, 2007 CL Rennes, FRANCE SP Int Federat Informat Proc, ACM AB High Performance Computing (HPC) systems are rapidly growing in size and complexity. As a result, transient and persistent network failures can occur on the time scale of application run times, reducing the productive utilization of these systems. The ubiquitous network protocol used to deal with such failures is TCP/IP, however, available implementations of this protocol provide unacceptable performance for HPC system users, and do not provide the high bandwidth, low latency communications of modern interconnects. This paper describes methods used to provide protection against several network errors such as dropped packets, corrupt packets, and loss of network interfaces while maintaining high-performance communications. Micro-benchmark experiments using vendor supplied TCP/IP and O/S bypass low-level communications stacks over InfiniBand and Myrinet are used to demonstrate the high-performance characteristics of our protocol. The NAS Parallel Benchmarks are used to demonstrate the scalability and the minimal performance impact of this protocol. Communication level micro-benchmarks show that providing higher data reliability decreases bandwidth by up to 30% relative to unprotected communications, but provides performance improvements of a factor of four over TCP/IP running over InfiniBand DDR. In addition, application level benchmarks (communication/computation) show virtually no impact of the data reliability protocol on overall run-time. C1 [Shipman, Galen A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Comp Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Graham, Richard L.] Natl Ctr Computat Sci, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bosilca, George] Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Shipman, GA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Comp Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gshipman@lanl.gov; rlgraham@ornl.gov; bosilca@cs.utk.edu FU Rice University under prime [12783-001-05 49, R7B127] FX This work is funded by subcontract #R7B127 from Rice University under prime contract #12783-001-05 49. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-74465-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4641 BP 868 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGS81 UT WOS:000250368200092 ER PT B AU Mavric, U Chase, B AF Mavric, Uros Chase, Brian GP IEEE TI Analog receiver and transmitter design for the ILC main LINAC LLRF control system SO EUROCON 2007: THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER AS A TOOL, VOLS 1-6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computer as a Tool (EUROCON 2007) CY SEP 09-12, 2007 CL Warsaw, POLAND DE superconducting accelerator cavities; LLRF; control systems; digital receiver AB Particle accelerators of the next generation, like the International Linear Collider (ILC), will need exceptional beam quality in order to achieve the required luminosity and beam energy dictated by the experiments. Performance of a low-level radio frequency (LLRF) control system plays a major role in preserving beam quality in a particle accelerator. LLRF system regulation specifications are usually given in terms of phase and amplitude stability of the detected fields in a cavity and in the case of the ILC these are not the same for all parts of the machine. For instance, bunch compressor and damping rings have more severe specifications in terms of regulation than the main linear accelerator (LINAC). In the introduction, we present the main design issues for the ILC main LINAC LLRF system and focus on the analog receiver and transmitter design. In the first section a short overview of the main design approaches is given. In the following section we present measurements of the main building blocks in an analog receiver and transmitter and apply measured data on a model. We study interactions between the two modules, when integrated in a closed loop LLRF system. At the end, we present results followed by conclusion. C1 [Mavric, Uros; Chase, Brian] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Mavric, U (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0812-2 PY 2007 BP 1818 EP 1822 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BHX65 UT WOS:000257261901069 ER PT J AU Chahine, NO Hung, CT Ateshian, GA AF Chahine, Nadeen O. Hung, Clark T. Ateshian, Gerard A. TI In-situ measurements of chondrocyte deformation under transient loading SO EUROPEAN CELLS & MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE cellular deformation; cartilage; cell-matrix interaction ID BOVINE ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE; FINITE-ELEMENT MODEL; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; UNCONFINED COMPRESSION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BIOSYNTHETIC RESPONSE; CONFINED COMPRESSION; CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY; PERICELLULAR MATRIX; CYCLIC COMPRESSION AB Chondrocytes are responsible for the elaboration and maintenance of the extracellular ( EC) matrix in articular cartilage, and previous studies have demonstrated that mechanical loading modulates the biosynthetic response of chondrocytes in cartilage explants. The goal of this study is to investigate the deformation behaviour of the chondrocyte and its microenvironment under transient loading, in order to address the relationship between the applied dynamic deformation and cellular strain. In situ strain measurements were performed on cells in the middle ( MZ) zone at early time points during ramp loading and at equilibrium. In this study, we characterized the behaviour of cartilage at the zonal and cellular levels under compressive loading using digital image analysis on miniature samples tested in a custom microscopy-based loading device. The experimental results indicate that significant strain amplification occurs in the microenvironment of the cell, with the minimum ( compressive) principal strain found to be nearly 7X higher in the intracellular region ( IC), and similar to 5X higher in the pericellular ( PC) matrix than in the EC matrix at peak ramp. A similar strain amplification mechanism was observed in the maximum ( tensile) principal strain, and this behaviour persisted even after equilibrium was reached. The experimental results of this study were interpreted in the context of a finite element model of chondrocyte deformation, which modelled the cell as a homogeneous gel, possessing either a spherical or ellipsoidal geometry, surrounded by a semi permeable membrane, and accounted for the presence of a PC matrix. The results of the FEA demonstrate significant strain amplification mechanism in the IC region, greater than had previously been suggested in earlier computational studies of cell-EC matrix interactions. Based on the FEA, this outcome is understood to result from the large disparity between EC matrix and intracellular properties. The results of this study suggest that mechanotransduction of chondrocytes may be significantly mediated by this strain amplification mechanism during loading. C1 Columbia Univ, Musculoskeletal Biomech Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Cellular Engn Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Ateshian, GA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Micro & Nano Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ateshian@columbia.edu RI Chahine, Nadeen/O-5496-2015 FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR46532, AR46568] NR 52 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU SWISS SOCIETY FOR BIOMATERIALS, AO RESEARCH INSTITUTE PI DAVOS PA BIO-PERFORMANCE MATERIALS & DEVICES, AO RESEARCH INSTITUTE, CLAVADELERSTRASSE 8, DAVOS, CH 7270, SWITZERLAND SN 1473-2262 J9 EUR CELLS MATER JI Eur. Cells Mater. PD JAN-JUN PY 2007 VL 13 BP 100 EP 111 PG 12 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Cell Biology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 175GQ UT WOS:000247002200019 PM 17538899 ER PT J AU Gao, D Ray, AK AF Gao, D. Ray, A. K. TI Quantum size effects on the (0001) surface of double hexagonal close packed americium SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL B LA English DT Article ID AUGMENTED-PLANE-WAVE; GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN ADSORPTION; 5F ELECTRONS; DELTA-PU; SLAB CALCULATIONS; PLUTONIUM LAYERS; BULK PROPERTIES; FCC AMERICIUM AB Electronic structures of double hexagonal close-packed americium and the (0001) surface have been studied via full-potential all-electron density-functional calculations with a mixed APW+lo/LAPW basis. The electronic and geometric properties of bulk dhcp Am as well as quantum size effects in the surface energies and the work functions of the dhcp Am (0001) ultra thin films up to seven layers have been examined at nonmagnetic, ferromagnetic, and antiferromagnetic configurations with and without spin orbit coupling. The anti-ferromagnetic state including spin-orbit coupling is found to be the ground state of dhcp Am with the 5f electrons primarily localized. Our results show that both magnetic configurations and spin-orbit coupling play important roles in determining the equilibrium lattice constant, the bulk modulus as well as the localized feature of 5f electrons for dhcp Am. Our calculated equilibrium lattice constant and bulk modulus at the ground state are in good agreement with the experimental values respectively. The work function of dhcp Am (0001) 7-layer surface at the ground state is predicted to be 2.90 eV. The surface energy for dhcp Am (0001) semi-infinite surface energy at the ground state is predicted to be 0.84 J/m(2). Quantum size effects are found to be more pronounced in work functions than in surface energies. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Gao, D (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Modeling & Simulat, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM akr@uta.edu RI Gao, Da/C-2823-2011 NR 80 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6028 EI 1434-6036 J9 EUR PHYS J B JI Eur. Phys. J. B PD JAN PY 2007 VL 55 IS 1 BP 13 EP 22 DI 10.1140/epjb/e2007-00031-9 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 137QB UT WOS:000244306000003 ER PT J AU Bonville, P Rams, M Krolas, K Sanchez, JP Canfield, PC Trovarelli, O Geibel, C AF Bonville, P. Rams, M. Krolas, K. Sanchez, J. -P. Canfield, P. C. Trovarelli, O. Geibel, C. TI Magnetic structures and crystal field in the heavy electron materials YbAgGe and YbPtIn SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL B LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; COMPOUND YBAGGE; FERMION YBAGGE; TEMPERATURE; MODEL; SPIN AB We have examined the magnetic properties of the heavy electron compounds YbAgGe and YbPtIn by Yb-170 Mossbauer spectroscopy down to 0.1 K, and the crystal field properties of YbAgGe by Perturbed Angular Correlations (PAC) measurements up to 900 K. In YbAgGe, we show that each of the two magnetically ordered phases below 0.8 K involves a specific incommensurate modulation of the Yb moment. An analysis of existing low temperature specific heat data suggests the persistence of fluctuations of the correlated Yb spins down to 0.1 K. The PAC data allow to discriminate among proposed Yb3+ crystal field level schemes. In YbPtIn, we show that the low temperature magnetic order phase has an antiferro-para structure, where zero moment Yb ions coexist with large moment ones, and that a 90 degrees moment reorientation occurs at 1.4 K. C1 SPEC, DSM, Ctr Saclay, Commissariat Energie Atom, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. SPSMS, DSM, Ctr Grenoble, Commissariat Energie Atom, F-38054 Grenoble, France. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. RP Bonville, P (reprint author), SPEC, DSM, Ctr Saclay, Commissariat Energie Atom, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM bonville@dsm-mail.saclay.cea.fr RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; Rams, Michal/K-3444-2014 NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6028 J9 EUR PHYS J B JI Eur. Phys. J. B PD JAN PY 2007 VL 55 IS 1 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1140/epjb/e2007-00042-6 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 137QB UT WOS:000244306000011 ER PT J AU Dunlop, JC AF Dunlop, J. C. TI What more can be learned from high p(T) probes at RHIC? SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Hot Quarts Workshop on Physics of Ultral-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY MAY 15-20, 2006 CL Villasimius, ITALY ID NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; HADRON SPECTRA; COLLABORATION; PERSPECTIVE; MATTER AB The current status of the understanding of jet quenching in nuclear collisions at RHIC is reviewed. The experimentally large level of suppression of jets in Au+Au collisions at RHIC is a success, but also introduces a challenge in terms of quantitative understanding of the properties of the collision zone. The medium appears to be equally black to all interacting probes utilized to date, limiting the amount of tomographic information that can be obtained from quenching phenomena. In order to recover this information, a probe to which the medium is gray needs to be found. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dunlop, JC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM dunlop@bnl.gov NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JAN PY 2007 VL 49 IS 1 BP 3 EP 8 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-006-0119-0 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 127ZN UT WOS:000243625200002 ER PT J AU Mironov, C Constantin, P Kunde, GJ AF Mironov, C. Constantin, P. Kunde, G. J. TI Dilepton tagged jets SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Hot Quarts Workshop on Physics of Ultral-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY MAY 15-20, 2006 CL Villasimius, ITALY ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; ENERGY-LOSS; PHOTON AB We present simulation studies of a possible jet measurement at LHC using the leptonic decay of a high transverse momentum virtual photon/Z(0) in association with a quark/gluon jet. The interested production channels are q+(q) over bar -> Z(0)/gamma*+g and g+q -> Z(0)/gamma*+q with the subsequent Z(0)/gamma*->mu(-)+mu(+) decay. The total energy of the jet is highly correlated to that of the dilepton coming from the Z(0)/gamma* decay. The jet can be considered in this case as tagged (i.e. a dilepton-tag) with a known energy. Based on momentum balance between the dilepton (whose energy is not modified by the medium) and the jet (which does suffer energy loss in the medium), the angular correlation analysis that we plan to perform can shed light on the properties of the medium traversed (e.g. density) and parton fragmentation functions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mironov, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cmironov@lanl.gov NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JAN PY 2007 VL 49 IS 1 BP 19 EP 22 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-006-0114-5 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 127ZN UT WOS:000243625200005 ER PT J AU Buesching, H AF Buesching, H. CA PHENIX Collaboration TI Neutral meson production at high p(T) with the PHENIX experiment at RHIC SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Hot Quarts Workshop on Physics of Ultral-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY MAY 15-20, 2006 CL Villasimius, ITALY ID PROMPT PHOTON PRODUCTION; LEADING ORDER; PHYSICS; SPS AB Over the first five years of operation the PHENIX experiment at RHIC has collected a wealth of data for various systems and collision energies that is providing valuable information for the understanding of the suppression pattern observed in central Au+Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV. An overview on transverse-momentum (p(T)) spectra of pi(0) and eta in different collision energies and systems is presented. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Buesching, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM buschin@bnl.gov NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JAN PY 2007 VL 49 IS 1 BP 41 EP 45 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-006-0077-6 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 127ZN UT WOS:000243625200009 ER PT J AU Putschke, J AF Putschke, J. CA STAR Collaboration TI Near-side Delta eta correlations of high-p(t) hadrons from STAR SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Hot Quarts Workshop on Physics of Ultral-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY MAY 15-20, 2006 CL Villasimius, ITALY AB Systematic measurements of pseudorapidity (Delta eta) and azimuthal (Delta rho) correlations between high-p(t) charged hadrons and associated particles from the high statistics 200 GeV Au+Au and Cu+Cu datasets will be presented. In previous measurements differences in the near-side Delta eta correlation between central Au+Au and the lighter systems, d+Au and p+p, were observed, including a long-range near-side correlation in Au+Au collisions. Studies to characterize the properties of the long-range correlation will be presented. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Putschke, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JHPutschke@lbl.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JAN PY 2007 VL 49 IS 1 BP 57 EP 59 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-006-0115-4 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 127ZN UT WOS:000243625200012 ER PT J AU Jaikumar, P AF Jaikumar, P. TI Quark stars: features and findings SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Hot Quarts Workshop on Physics of Ultral-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY MAY 15-20, 2006 CL Villasimius, ITALY ID STRANGELET SEARCH; GLUON PLASMA; MATTER; PHASE AB Under extreme conditions of temperature and/or density, quarks and gluons are expected to undergo a deconfinement phase transition. While this is an ephemeral phenomenon at the ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collider (BNL-RHIC), quark matter may exist naturally in the dense interior of neutron stars. Here, we present an appraisal of the possible phase structure of dense quark matter inside neutron stars, and the likelihood of its existence given the current status of neutron star observations. We conclude that quark matter inside neutron stars cannot be dismissed as a possibility, although recent observational evidence rules out most soft equations of state. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jaikumar, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jaikumar@phy.anl.gov NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JAN PY 2007 VL 49 IS 1 BP 199 EP 203 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-006-0064-y PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 127ZN UT WOS:000243625200036 ER PT J AU Bathe, S AF Bathe, S. CA PHENIX Collaboration TI Direct photons measured by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Hot Quarts Workshop on Physics of Ultral-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY MAY 15-20, 2006 CL Villasimius, ITALY AB Results from the PHENIX experiment at RHIC on direct photon production in p + p, d + Au, and Au + Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV are presented. In p + p collisions, direct photon production at high p(T) behaves as expected from perturbative QCD calculations. The p + p measurement serves as a baseline for direct photon production in Au + Au collisions. In d+ Au collisions, no effects of cold nuclear matter are found within the large uncertainty of the measurement. In Au + Au collisions, the production of high p(T) direct photons scales as expected for particle production in hard scatterings. This supports jet quenching models, which attribute the suppression of high p(T) hadrons to the energy loss of fast partons in the medium produced in the collision. Low p(T) direct photons, measured via e(+)e(-) pairs with small invariant mass, are possibly related to the production of thermal direct photons. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Bathe, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 510 C, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM bathe@bnl.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JAN PY 2007 VL 49 IS 1 BP 225 EP 229 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-006-0084-7 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 127ZN UT WOS:000243625200040 ER PT J AU Nouicer, R AF Nouicer, R. TI Charged particle multiplicities in A+A and p+p collisions in the constituent quarks framework SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Hot Quarts Workshop on Physics of Ultral-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY MAY 15-20, 2006 CL Villasimius, ITALY ID PLUS AU REACTIONS; EXCITATION-FUNCTION; NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; GLUON PLASMA; COLLABORATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; PERSPECTIVE; K+ AB Charged particle multiplicities in A + A and p((p) over bar) + p collisions as a function of pseudorapidity, centrality and energy are studied in both the nucleon and the constituent quark frameworks. In the present work, the calculation using the nuclear overlap model takes into account the fact that for the peripheral A + A and p + p collisions the number of nucleon and constituent quark participants cannot be smaller than two. A striking agreement is seen between the particle density in A + A and p((p) over bar) + p collisions, both at mid-rapidity and in the fragmentation regions, when normalized to the number of participating constituent quarks. The observations presented in this paper imply that the number of constituent quark pairs participating in the collision controls the particle production. Charged particle multiplicities in A + A and p((p) over bar) + p collisions as a function of pseudorapidity, centrality and energy are studied in both the nucleon and the constituent quark frameworks. In the present work, the calculation using the nuclear overlap model takes into account the fact that for the peripheral A + A and p + p collisions the number of nucleon and constituent quark participants cannot be smaller than two. A striking agreement is seen between the particle density in A + A and p((p) over bar) + p collisions, both at mid-rapidity and in the fragmentation regions, when normalized to the number of participating constituent quarks. The observations presented in this paper imply that the number of constituent quark pairs participating in the collision controls the particle production. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Nouicer, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rachid.nouicer@bnl.gov NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JAN PY 2007 VL 49 IS 1 BP 281 EP 286 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-006-0128-z PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 127ZN UT WOS:000243625200049 ER PT J AU Zhang, HB AF Zhang, Haibin CA STAR Collaboration TI Open charm measurements at STAR SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Hot Quarts Workshop on Physics of Ultral-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY MAY 15-20, 2006 CL Villasimius, ITALY ID COLLISIONS AB We report on the measurements of D-0 meson production via direct reconstruction through the hadronic decay channel D-0 -> K pi in minimum bias d + Au and Au + Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV with p(T) up to similar to 3 GeV / c. We derive the charm production total cross-section per nucleon-nucleon collision from a combination of three measurements: the D-0 meson spectra, the non-photonic electron spectra from charm semi-leptonic decays obtained in p + p, d + Au, and Au + Au collisions, and the charm-decayed single muon (prompt muon) spectra at low p(T) in Au + Au collisions. The cross-section is found to follow binary scaling, which is a signature of charm production exclusively at the initial impact. The implications of charm quark energy-loss and thermalization in the strongly interacting matter are discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhang, HB (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM thomas.ullrich@bnl.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JAN PY 2007 VL 49 IS 1 BP 355 EP 358 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-006-0092-7 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 127ZN UT WOS:000243625200061 ER PT J AU Laue, F AF Laue, F. TI v(2) and R-AA of non-photonic single electrons: which restriction do the current measurements pose on the production of charm, beauty? SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Hot Quarts Workshop on Physics of Ultral-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY MAY 15-20, 2006 CL Villasimius, ITALY ID ELLIPTIC FLOW; PLUS AU; TOMOGRAPHY; COLLISIONS AB In relativistic heavy ion collisions, heavy flavor is expected to result predominately from initial hard parton-parton scatterings. Hence, in the absence of later stage effects, the production of heavy flavor in A+A collisions can be viewed as a superposition of N+N collisions. Measurements of v(2) or R-AA of heavy flavor (or their decay electrons) in A+A collisions violate the simple superposition picture and therefore present themselves as probes of the medium formed in such collisions. On the basis of the measured v(2) and R-AA of non-photonic single electrons in A+A collisions at RHIC, we will investigate the interplay between these observables as well as the restrictions they pose for charm and bottom production. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11792 USA. RP Laue, F (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 510A, Upton, NY 11792 USA. EM laue@bnl.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JAN PY 2007 VL 49 IS 1 BP 371 EP 374 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-006-0121-6 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 127ZN UT WOS:000243625200064 ER PT J AU Sorensen, P AF Sorensen, P. TI Dependence of the non-photonic electron spectrum on the charmed baryon-to-meson ratio SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Hot Quarts Workshop on Physics of Ultral-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY MAY 15-20, 2006 CL Villasimius, ITALY ID NUMBER AB In this talk I argue that a substantial fraction of the non-photonic electron suppression in Au+Au collisions could arise as a result of an enhanced Lambda(c)/D ratio rather than purely from jet-quenching. At intermediate transverse momentum (2 < p(T)< 6 GeV/c), the baryon-to-meson ratio in Au+Au collisions is enhanced compared to p+p collisions. Since charm-baryon decays produce electrons less frequently than charm-meson decays, the non-photonic electron spectrum is sensitive to the Lambda(c)/D ratio. I show the dependence of the non-photonic electron spectrum on the baryon-to-meson ratio for charm hadrons. As an example, I assume that the Lambda(c)/D ratio is the same as the Lambda/K-S(0) ratio. I show that even if the total charm quark yield in Au+Au collisions scales with the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions (N-bin), the electron spectrum at 2 < p(T)< 5 GeV/c will be suppressed relative to N-bin scaled p+p collisions by as much as 20%. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sorensen, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM psoren@bnl.gov OI Sorensen, Paul/0000-0001-5056-9391 NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JAN PY 2007 VL 49 IS 1 BP 379 EP 382 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-006-0108-3 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 127ZN UT WOS:000243625200066 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S Derrick, M Magill, S Miglioranzi, S Musgrave, B Nicholass, D Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Pavel, N Molina, AGY Antonelli, S Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Bindi, M Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Nania, R Polini, A Rinaldi, L Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Jakob, HP Jungst, M Kind, OM Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Samson, U Schonberg, V Wang, M Wlasenko, M Brook, NH Heath, GP Morris, JD Namsoo, T Capua, M Fazio, S Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Tassi, E Kim, JY Ma, KJ Ibrahim, ZA Kamaluddin, B Abdullah, WATW Ning, Y Ren, Z Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Galas, A Gil, M Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Lukasik, J Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Kotanski, A Slominski, W Adler, V Behrens, U Bloch, I Bonato, A Borras, K Coppola, N Fourletova, J Geiser, A Gladkov, D Gottlicher, P Gregor, I Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Horn, C Kahle, B Kotz, U Kowalski, H Lim, H Lobodzinska, E Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Montanari, A Nguyen, CN Notz, D Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Santamarta, R Schneekloth, U Spiridonov, A Stadie, H Stosslein, U Szuba, D Szuba, J Theedt, T Watt, G Wolf, G Wrona, K Youngman, C Zeuner, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Dobur, D Karstens, F Vlasov, NN Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Dunne, W Ferrando, J Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Gosau, T Holm, U Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Salehi, H Schleper, P Schorner-Sadenius, T Sztuk, J Wichmann, K Wick, K Foudas, C Fry, C Long, KR Tapper, AD Kataoka, M Matsumoto, T Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Dossanov, A Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Son, D de Favereau, J Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Glasman, C Jimenez, M Labarga, L del Peso, J Ron, E Terron, J Zambrana, M Corriveau, F Liu, C Walsh, R Zhou, C Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Dolgoshein, BA Rubinsky, I Sosnovtsev, V Stifutkin, A Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Gladilin, LK Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Zotkin, DS Zotkin, SA Zotov, NP Abt, I Buttner, C Caldwell, A Kollar, D Schmidke, WB Sutiak, J Grigorescu, G Keramidas, A Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Pellegrino, A Tiecke, H Vazquez, M Wiggers, L Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Lee, A Ling, TY Allfrey, PD Bell, MA Cooper-Sarkar, AM Cottrell, A Devenish, RCE Foster, B Gwenlan, C Korcsak-Gorzo, K Patel, S Roberfroid, V Robertson, A Straub, PB Uribe-Estrada, C Walczak, R Bellan, P Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Ciesielski, R DalCorso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Stanco, L Turcato, M Oh, BY Raval, A Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cole, JE Hart, JC Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Ingbir, R Kananov, S Levy, A Kuze, M Hori, R Kagawa, S Shimizu, S Tawara, T Hamatsu, R Kaji, H Kitamura, S Ota, O Ri, YD Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Sacchi, R Solano, A Arneodo, M Ruspa, M Fourletov, S Martin, JF Boutle, SK Butterworth, JM Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Loizides, JH Sutton, MR Targett-Adams, C Wing, M Brzozowska, B Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Kulinski, P Luzniak, P Malka, J Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Giller, I Hochman, D Karshon, U Rosin, M Brownson, E Danielson, T Everett, A Kcira, D Reeder, DD Ryan, P Savin, AA Smith, WH Wolfe, H Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Cui, Y Hartner, G Menary, S Noor, U Soares, M Whyte, J AF Chekanov, S. Derrick, M. Magill, S. Miglioranzi, S. Musgrave, B. Nicholass, D. Repond, J. Yoshida, R. Mattingly, M. C. K. Pavel, N. Molina, A. G. Yaguees Antonelli, S. Antonioli, P. Bari, G. Basile, M. Bellagamba, L. Bindi, M. Boscherini, D. Bruni, A. Bruni, G. Cifarelli, L. Cindolo, F. Contin, A. Corradi, M. De Pasquale, S. Iacobucci, G. Margotti, A. Nania, R. Polini, A. Rinaldi, L. Sartorelli, G. Zichichi, A. Aghuzumtsyan, G. Bartsch, D. Brock, I. Goers, S. Hartmann, H. Hilger, E. Jakob, H. -P. Juengst, M. Kind, O. M. Paul, E. Rautenberg, J. Renner, R. Samson, U. Schoenberg, V. Wang, M. Wlasenko, M. Brook, N. H. Heath, G. P. Morris, J. D. Namsoo, T. Capua, M. Fazio, S. Mastroberardino, A. Schioppa, M. Susinno, G. Tassi, E. Kim, J. Y. Ma, K. J. Ibrahim, Z. A. Kamaluddin, B. Abdullah, W. A. T. Wan Ning, Y. Ren, Z. Sciulli, F. Chwastowski, J. Eskreys, A. Figiel, J. Galas, A. Gil, M. Olkiewicz, K. Stopa, P. Zawiejski, L. Adamczyk, L. Bold, T. Grabowska-Bold, I. Kisielewska, D. Lukasik, J. Przybycien, M. Suszycki, L. Kotanski, A. Slominski, W. Adler, V. Behrens, U. Bloch, I. Bonato, A. Borras, K. Coppola, N. Fourletova, J. Geiser, A. Gladkov, D. Goettlicher, P. Gregor, I. Gutsche, O. Haas, T. Hain, W. Horn, C. Kahle, B. Koetz, U. Kowalski, H. Lim, H. Lobodzinska, E. Loehr, B. Mankel, R. Melzer-Pellmann, I. -A. Montanari, A. Nguyen, C. N. Notz, D. Nuncio-Quiroz, A. E. Santamarta, R. Schneekloth, U. Spiridonov, A. Stadie, H. Stoesslein, U. Szuba, D. Szuba, J. Theedt, T. Watt, G. Wolf, G. Wrona, K. Youngman, C. Zeuner, W. Schlenstedt, S. Barbagli, G. Gallo, E. Pelfer, P. G. Bamberger, A. Dobur, D. Karstens, F. Vlasov, N. N. Bussey, P. J. Doyle, A. T. Dunne, W. Ferrando, J. Saxon, D. H. Skillicorn, I. O. Gialas, I. Gosau, T. Holm, U. Klanner, R. Lohrmann, E. Salehi, H. Schleper, P. Schoerner-Sadenius, T. Sztuk, J. Wichmann, K. Wick, K. Foudas, C. Fry, C. Long, K. R. Tapper, A. D. Kataoka, M. Matsumoto, T. Nagano, K. Tokushuku, K. Yamada, S. Yamazaki, Y. Barakbaev, A. N. Boos, E. G. Dossanov, A. Pokrovskiy, N. S. Zhautykov, B. O. Son, D. de Favereau, J. Piotrzkowski, K. Barreiro, F. Glasman, C. Jimenez, M. Labarga, L. del Peso, J. Ron, E. Terron, J. Zambrana, M. Corriveau, F. Liu, C. Walsh, R. Zhou, C. Tsurugai, T. Antonov, A. Dolgoshein, B. A. Rubinsky, I. Sosnovtsev, V. Stifutkin, A. Suchkov, S. Dementiev, R. K. Ermolov, P. F. Gladilin, L. K. Katkov, I. I. Khein, L. A. Korzhavina, I. A. Kuzmin, V. A. Levchenko, B. B. Lukina, O. Y. Proskuryakov, A. S. Shcheglova, L. M. Zotkin, D. S. Zotkin, S. A. Zotov, N. P. Abt, I. Buettner, C. Caldwell, A. Kollar, D. Schmidke, W. B. Sutiak, J. Grigorescu, G. Keramidas, A. Koffeman, E. Kooijman, P. Pellegrino, A. Tiecke, H. Vazquez, M. Wiggers, L. Bruemmer, N. Bylsma, B. Durkin, L. S. Lee, A. Ling, T. Y. Allfrey, P. D. Bell, M. A. Cooper-Sarkar, A. M. Cottrell, A. Devenish, R. C. E. Foster, B. Gwenlan, C. Korcsak-Gorzo, K. Patel, S. Roberfroid, V. Robertson, A. Straub, P. B. Uribe-Estrada, C. Walczak, R. Bellan, P. Bertolin, A. Brugnera, R. Carlin, R. Ciesielski, R. DalCorso, F. Dusini, S. Garfagnini, A. Limentani, S. Longhin, A. Stanco, L. Turcato, M. Oh, B. Y. Raval, A. Whitmore, J. J. Iga, Y. D'Agostini, G. Marini, G. Nigro, A. Cole, J. E. Hart, J. C. Abramowicz, H. Gabareen, A. Ingbir, R. Kananov, S. Levy, A. Kuze, M. Hori, R. Kagawa, S. Shimizu, S. Tawara, T. Hamatsu, R. Kaji, H. Kitamura, S. Ota, O. Ri, Y. D. Ferrero, M. I. Monaco, V. Sacchi, R. Solano, A. Arneodo, M. Ruspa, M. Fourletov, S. Martin, J. F. Boutle, S. K. Butterworth, J. M. Hall-Wilton, R. Jones, T. W. Loizides, J. H. Sutton, M. R. Targett-Adams, C. Wing, M. Brzozowska, B. Ciborowski, J. Grzelak, G. Kulinski, P. Luzniak, P. Malka, J. Nowak, R. J. Pawlak, J. M. Tymieniecka, T. Ukleja, A. Ukleja, J. Zarnecki, A. F. Adamus, M. Plucinski, P. Eisenberg, Y. Giller, I. Hochman, D. Karshon, U. Rosin, M. Brownson, E. Danielson, T. Everett, A. Kcira, D. Reeder, D. D. Ryan, P. Savin, A. A. Smith, W. H. Wolfe, H. Bhadra, S. Catterall, C. D. Cui, Y. Hartner, G. Menary, S. Noor, U. Soares, M. Whyte, J. TI Measurement of prompt photons with associated jets in photoproduction at HERA SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; PHYSICS EVENT GENERATION; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; HEAVY-QUARK PRODUCTION; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; HADRON-COLLISIONS; PERTURBATION-THEORY; CROSS-SECTIONS; LEADING ORDER; MONTE-CARLO AB The photoproduction of prompt photons, together with an accompanying jet, has been studied in ep collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 318 GeV with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 77 pb(-1). Cross sections were measured for the transverse energy of the photon and the jet larger than 5 and 6 GeV, respectively. The differential gamma+jet cross sections were reconstructed as functions of the transverse energy, pseudorapidity and x(gamma) (obs), the fraction of the incoming photon momentum taken by the photon-jet system. Predictions based on leading-logarithm parton-shower Monte Carlo models and next-to-leading-order (NLO) QCD generally underestimate the cross sections for the transverse energies of prompt photons below 7 GeV, while the k(T)-factorisation QCD calculation agrees with the data better. When the minimum transverse energy of prompt photons is increased to 7 GeV, both NLO QCD and the k(T)-factorisation calculations are in good agreement with the data. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Berlin, Germany. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. Univ Malaya, Jabatan Fizik, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, New York, NY 10027 USA. Polish Acad Sci, H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Appl Comp Sci, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QW, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Aegean, Dept Engn Management & Finance, Mitilini, Greece. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Minist educ & Sci Kazakhstan, Inst Phys & Technol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Phys Nucl, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DBU Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 158, Japan. Univ Turin, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Radiol Sci, Tokyo 158, Japan. Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz, Poland. RP Chekanov, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM corradi@mail.desy.de RI Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Suchkov, Sergey/M-6671-2015; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; IBRAHIM, ZAINOL ABIDIN/C-1121-2010; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; WAN ABDULLAH, WAN AHMAD TAJUDDIN/B-5439-2010; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008 OI dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Watt, Graeme/0000-0003-0775-6604; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Longhin, Andrea/0000-0001-9103-9936; Gutsche, Oliver/0000-0002-8015-9622; Raval, Amita/0000-0003-0164-4337; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; NR 56 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JAN PY 2007 VL 49 IS 2 BP 511 EP 522 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-006-0134-1 PG 12 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 132WH UT WOS:000243973100008 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S Derrick, M Magill, S Miglioranzi, S Musgrave, B Nicholass, D Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Pavel, N Molina, AGY Antonelli, S Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Bindi, M Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Nania, R Polini, A Rinaldi, L Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Jakob, HP Jungst, M Kind, OM Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Samson, U Schonberg, V Wang, M Wlasenko, M Brook, NH Heath, GP Morris, JD Namsoo, T Capua, M Fazio, S Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Tassi, E Kim, JY Ibrahim, ZA Kamaluddin, B Abdullah, WATW Ning, Y Ren, Z Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Galas, A Gil, M Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Lukasik, J Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Kotanski, A Slominski, W Adler, V Behrens, U Bloch, I Bonato, A Borras, K Coppola, N Fourletova, J Geiser, A Gladkov, D Gottlicher, P Gregor, I Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Horn, C Kahle, B Kotz, U Kowalski, H Lim, H Lobodzinska, E Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Montanari, A Nguyen, CN Notz, D Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Santamarta, R Schneekloth, U Spiridonov, A Stadie, H Stosslein, U Szuba, D Theedt, T Watt, G Wolf, G Wrona, K Youngman, C Zeuner, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Karstens, F Vlasov, NN Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Dunne, W Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Gosau, T Holm, U Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Salehi, H Schorner-Sadenius, T Sztuk, J Wichmann, K Wick, K Kataoka, M Matsumoto, T Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Foudas, C Fry, C Long, KR Tapper, AD Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Dossanov, A Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Son, D de Favereau, J Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Glasman, C Jimenez, M Labarga, L del Peso, J Ron, E Terron, J Zambrana, M Corriveau, F Liu, C Walsh, R Zhou, C Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Dolgoshein, BA Rubinsky, I Sosnovtsev, V Stifutkin, A Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Gladilin, LK Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Zotkin, DS Zotkin, SA Abt, I Buttner, C Caldwell, A Kollar, D Schmidke, WB Sutiak, J Grigorescu, G Keramidas, A Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Pellegrino, A Tiecke, H Vazquez, M Wiggers, L Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Lee, A Ling, TY Allfrey, PD Bell, MA Cooper-Sarkar, AM Cottrell, A Devenish, RCE Foster, B Gwenlan, C Korcsak-Gorzo, K Patel, S Roberfroid, V Robertson, A Straub, PB Uribe-Estrada, C Walczak, R Bellan, P Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Ciesielski, R DalCorso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Stanco, L Turcato, M Oh, BY Raval, A Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cole, JE Hart, JC Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Ingbir, R Kananov, S Levy, A Kuze, M Hori, R Kagawa, S Shimizu, S Tawara, T Hamatsu, R Kaji, H Kitamura, S Ota, O Ri, YD Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Sacchi, R Solano, A Arneodo, M Ruspa, M Fourletov, S Martin, JF Boutle, SK Butterworth, JM Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Loizides, JH Sutton, MR Targett-Adams, C Wing, M Brzozowska, B Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Kulinski, P Luzniak, P Malka, J Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Giller, I Hochman, D Karshon, U Rosin, M Brownson, E Danielson, T Everett, A Kcira, D Reeder, DD Ryan, P Savin, AA Smith, WH Wolfe, H Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Cui, Y Hartner, G Menary, S Noor, U Soares, M Standage, J Whyte, J AF Chekanov, S. Derrick, M. Magill, S. Miglioranzi, S. Musgrave, B. Nicholass, D. Repond, J. Yoshida, R. Mattingly, M. C. K. Pavel, N. Molina, A. G. Y. Antonelli, S. Antonioli, P. Bari, G. Basile, M. Bellagamba, L. Bindi, M. Boscherini, D. Bruni, A. Bruni, G. Cifarelli, L. Cindolo, F. Contin, A. Corradi, M. De Pasquale, S. Iacobucci, G. Margotti, A. Nania, R. Polini, A. Rinaldi, L. Sartorelli, G. Zichichi, A. Aghuzumtsyan, G. Bartsch, D. Brock, I. Goers, S. Hartmann, H. Hilger, E. Jakob, H. -P. Juengst, M. Kind, O. M. Paul, E. Rautenberg, J. Renner, R. Samson, U. Schoenberg, V. Wang, M. Wlasenko, M. Brook, N. H. Heath, G. P. Morris, J. D. Namsoo, T. Capua, M. Fazio, S. Mastroberardino, A. Schioppa, M. Susinno, G. Tassi, E. Kim, J. Y. Ibrahim, Z. A. Kamaluddin, B. Abdullah, W. A. T. Wan Ning, Y. Ren, Z. Sciulli, F. Chwastowski, J. Eskreys, A. Figiel, J. Galas, A. Gil, M. Olkiewicz, K. Stopa, P. Zawiejski, L. Adamczyk, L. Bold, T. Grabowska-Bold, I. Kisielewska, D. Lukasik, J. Przybycien, M. Suszycki, L. Kotanski, A. Slominski, W. Adler, V. Behrens, U. Bloch, I. Bonato, A. Borras, K. Coppola, N. Fourletova, J. Geiser, A. Gladkov, D. Goettlicher, P. Gregor, I. Gutsche, O. Haas, T. Hain, W. Horn, C. Kahle, B. Koetz, U. Kowalski, H. Lim, H. Lobodzinska, E. Loehr, B. Mankel, R. Melzer-Pellmann, I. -A. Montanari, A. Nguyen, C. N. Notz, D. Nuncio-Quiroz, A. E. Santamarta, R. Schneekloth, U. Spiridonov, A. Stadie, H. Stoesslein, U. Szuba, D. Theedt, T. Watt, G. Wolf, G. Wrona, K. Youngman, C. Zeuner, W. Schlenstedt, S. Barbagli, G. Gallo, E. Pelfer, P. G. Bamberger, A. Karstens, F. Vlasov, N. N. Bussey, P. J. Doyle, A. T. Dunne, W. Saxon, D. H. Skillicorn, I. O. Gialas, I. Gosau, T. Holm, U. Klanner, R. Lohrmann, E. Salehi, H. Schoerner-Sadenius, T. Sztuk, J. Wichmann, K. Wick, K. Kataoka, M. Matsumoto, T. Nagano, K. Tokushuku, K. Yamada, S. Yamazaki, Y. Foudas, C. Fry, C. Long, K. R. Tapper, A. D. Barakbaev, A. N. Boos, E. G. Dossanov, A. Pokrovskiy, N. S. Zhautykov, B. O. Son, D. de Favereau, J. Piotrzkowski, K. Barreiro, F. Glasman, C. Jimenez, M. Labarga, L. del Peso, J. Ron, E. Terron, J. Zambrana, M. Corriveau, F. Liu, C. Walsh, R. Zhou, C. Tsurugai, T. Antonov, A. Dolgoshein, B. A. Rubinsky, I. Sosnovtsev, V. Stifutkin, A. Suchkov, S. Dementiev, R. K. Ermolov, P. F. Gladilin, L. K. Katkov, I. I. Khein, L. A. Korzhavina, I. A. Kuzmin, V. A. Levchenko, B. B. Lukina, O. Y. Proskuryakov, A. S. Shcheglova, L. M. Zotkin, D. S. Zotkin, S. A. Abt, I. Buettner, C. Caldwell, A. Kollar, D. Schmidke, W. B. Sutiak, J. Grigorescu, G. Keramidas, A. Koffeman, E. Kooijman, P. Pellegrino, A. Tiecke, H. Vazquez, M. Wiggers, L. Bruemmer, N. Bylsma, B. Durkin, L. S. Lee, A. Ling, T. Y. Allfrey, P. D. Bell, M. A. Cooper-Sarkar, A. M. Cottrell, A. Devenish, R. C. E. Foster, B. Gwenlan, C. Korcsak-Gorzo, K. Patel, S. Roberfroid, V. Robertson, A. Straub, P. B. Uribe-Estrada, C. Walczak, R. Bellan, P. Bertolin, A. Brugnera, R. Carlin, R. Ciesielski, R. DalCorso, F. Dusini, S. Garfagnini, A. Limentani, S. Longhin, A. Stanco, L. Turcato, M. Oh, B. Y. Raval, A. Whitmore, J. J. Iga, Y. D'Agostini, G. Marini, G. Nigro, A. Cole, J. E. Hart, J. C. Abramowicz, H. Gabareen, A. Ingbir, R. Kananov, S. Levy, A. Kuze, M. Hori, R. Kagawa, S. Shimizu, S. Tawara, T. Hamatsu, R. Kaji, H. Kitamura, S. Ota, O. Ri, Y. D. Ferrero, M. I. Monaco, V. Sacchi, R. Solano, A. Arneodo, M. Ruspa, M. Fourletov, S. Martin, J. F. Boutle, S. K. Butterworth, J. M. Hall-Wilton, R. Jones, T. W. Loizides, J. H. Sutton, M. R. Targett-Adams, C. Wing, M. Brzozowska, B. Ciborowski, J. Grzelak, G. Kulinski, P. Luzniak, P. Malka, J. Nowak, R. J. Pawlak, J. M. Tymieniecka, T. Ukleja, A. Ukleja, J. Zarnecki, A. F. Adamus, M. Plucinski, P. Eisenberg, Y. Giller, I. Hochman, D. Karshon, U. Rosin, M. Brownson, E. Danielson, T. Everett, A. Kcira, D. Reeder, D. D. Ryan, P. Savin, A. A. Smith, W. H. Wolfe, H. Bhadra, S. Catterall, C. D. Cui, Y. Hartner, G. Menary, S. Noor, U. Soares, M. Standage, J. Whyte, J. TI Measurement of neutral current cross sections at high Bjorken-x with the ZEUS detector at HERA SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; BARREL CALORIMETER; HADRON-COLLISIONS; QCD ANALYSIS; PROTON; CONSTRUCTION; DESIGN; GENERATOR; NUCLEON AB A new method is employed to measure the neutral current cross section up to Bjorken-x values of one with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 65.1 pb(-1) for e(+) p collisions and 16.7 pb(-1) for e(-) p collisions at vs = 318 GeV and 38.6 pb(-1) for e+ p collisions at vs = 300 GeV. Cross sections have been extracted for Q(2) = 648 GeV2 and are compared to predictions using different parton density functions. For the highest x bins, the data have a tendency to lie above the expectations using recent parton density function parametrizations. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Berlin, Germany. Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. Univ Malaya, Jabatan Fizik, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, New York, NY 10027 USA. Polish Acad Sci, H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Appl Comp Sci, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QW, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Aegean, Dept Engn Management & Finance, Mitilini, Greece. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Minist Educ & Sci Kazakhstan, Inst Phys & Technol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Nucl Phys, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 158, Japan. Univ Turin, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Max Planck Inst, Munich, Germany. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Radiol Sci, Tokyo 158, Japan. Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz, Poland. RP Chekanov, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM corradi@mail.desy.de RI Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; IBRAHIM, ZAINOL ABIDIN/C-1121-2010; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; WAN ABDULLAH, WAN AHMAD TAJUDDIN/B-5439-2010; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Suchkov, Sergey/M-6671-2015; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; OI Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Watt, Graeme/0000-0003-0775-6604; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Longhin, Andrea/0000-0001-9103-9936; Gutsche, Oliver/0000-0002-8015-9622; Raval, Amita/0000-0003-0164-4337 NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JAN PY 2007 VL 49 IS 2 BP 523 EP 544 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-006-0164-8 PG 22 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 132WH UT WOS:000243973100009 ER PT J AU Kraan, AC Hansen, JB Nevski, P AF Kraan, A. C. Hansen, J. B. Nevski, P. TI Discovery potential of R-hadrons with the ATLAS detector SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID SPLIT SUPERSYMMETRY; PHENOMENOLOGY; PARTICLES; STATES AB The production of exotic heavy hadronic particles arises in several models for physics beyond the standard model. The focus is on R-hadrons, which are stable hadronized gluinos, predicted by certain supersymmetric models. Interactions and signatures of single R-hadrons are studied with the ATLAS simulation and reconstruction framework. The ATLAS fast simulation framework has been extended to include parameterizations for R-hadrons. Based on topological and kinematic variables only, the discovery potential of the ATLAS detector for R-hadron events produced in pp -> gg, is studied for masses below 2 TeV/c(2).. R-hadrons with masses as predicted by standard SUSY scenarios would be discovered already in the very early stages of the running of the LHC. The discovery reach of heavy gluinos, predicted by for example split supersymmetry models, extends up to at least 1.8 TeV/c(2) for three years running of the LHC at low luminosity. C1 Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kraan, AC (reprint author), Inst Nazl Fis, Polo Fibonacci,Largo B Pontecorvo,3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. EM Aafke.Kraan@cern.ch; Jorgen.Beck.Hansen@cern.ch NR 33 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JAN PY 2007 VL 49 IS 2 BP 623 EP 640 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-006-0162-x PG 18 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 132WH UT WOS:000243973100017 ER PT J AU Vilkas, MJ Ishikawa, Y Trabert, E AF Vilkas, M. J. Ishikawa, Y. Trabert, E. TI Relativistic multireference many-body perturbation theory calculations on Au64+-Au69+ ions SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-LEVEL SCHEME; NE-LIKE IONS; MG-LIKE IONS; MULTICONFIGURATIONAL DIRAC-FOCK; BEAM-FOIL SPECTROSCOPY; HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; SILICON-LIKE IONS; CU-LIKE IONS; SI-LIKE IONS; AL-LIKE IONS AB Many-body perturbation theory (MBPT) calculations are an adequate tool for the description of the structure of highly charged multi-electron ions and for the analysis of their spectra. We demonstrate this by way of a re-investigation of n=3, Delta n=0 transitions in the EUV spectra of Na-, Mg-, Al-like, and Si-like ions of Au that have been obtained previously by heavy-ion accelerator based beam-foil spectroscopy. We discuss the evidence and propose several revisions on the basis of our multi-reference many-body perturbation theory calculations of Ne- through P-like ions of Au. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Chem, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. RP Trabert, E (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Chem, POB 23346, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. EM traebert@ep3.rub.de NR 91 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6060 J9 EUR PHYS J D JI Eur. Phys. J. D PD JAN PY 2007 VL 41 IS 1 BP 77 EP 93 DI 10.1140/epjd/e2006-00214-0 PG 17 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 117EN UT WOS:000242855600008 ER PT J AU Reichhardt, CJO Reichhardt, C Bishop, AR AF Reichhardt, C. J. Olson Reichhardt, C. Bishop, A. R. TI Structure and fragmentation in colloidal artificial molecules and nuclei SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL E LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON LIQUID; WEAK MAGNETIC-FIELD; GROUND-STATE; CLUSTERS; PHASES; SYSTEM; MODEL; PARTICLES; DENSITY; MATTER AB Motivated by recent experiments on colloidal systems with competing attractive and repulsive interactions, we simulate a two-dimensional system of colloids with competing interactions that can undergo fragmentation. In the absence of any other confining potential, the colloids can form stable clusters depending on the strength of the short range attractive term. By suddenly changing the strength of one of the interaction terms we find a rich variety of fragmentation behavior which is affected by the existence of "magic" cluster numbers. Such soft matter systems can be used to construct artificial nuclei. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reichhardt, CJO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cjrx@lanl.gov OI Reichhardt, Cynthia/0000-0002-3487-5089 NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1292-8941 EI 1292-895X J9 EUR PHYS J E JI Eur. Phys. J. E PD JAN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 BP 11 EP 15 DI 10.1140/epje/e2007-00003-4 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 142ZZ UT WOS:000244691100002 ER PT J AU Roberts, CD Bhagwat, MS Holl, A Wright, SV AF Roberts, C. D. Bhagwat, M. S. Hoell, A. Wright, S. V. TI Aspects of hadron physics SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hadron Structure and Nonperturbative QCD CY MAR 11-18, 2006 CL Schladming, AUSTRIA ID ELECTROMAGNETIC FORM-FACTORS; CHIRAL-SYMMETRY-BREAKING; Q(Q)OVER-BAR BOUND-STATES; DYSON-SCHWINGER EQUATIONS; PION LOOP CONTRIBUTION; QUARK-DIQUARK MODEL; JONA-LASINIO MODEL; CLOUDY BAG MODEL; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; LADDER APPROXIMATION C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. RP Roberts, CD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM cdroberts@anl.gov; mbhagwat@phy.anl.gov; arne.hoell@uni-rostock.de; svwright@anl.gov OI Roberts, Craig/0000-0002-2937-1361; Wright, Stewart/0000-0001-7391-8830 NR 106 TC 113 Z9 114 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1951-6355 EI 1951-6401 J9 EUR PHYS J-SPEC TOP JI Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 140 BP 53 EP 116 DI 10.1140/epjst/e2007-00003-5 PG 64 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 145KN UT WOS:000244863800003 ER PT J AU Thomas, AW AF Thomas, A. W. TI Testing QCD in the non-perturbative regime SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hadron Structure and Nonperturbative QCD CY MAR 11-18, 2006 CL Schladming, AUSTRIA ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; GENERALIZED PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; STRANGE FORM-FACTORS; NUCLEON; EXTRAPOLATION; CONVERGENCE; SCATTERING; SYMMETRY; MODEL; SCALE C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Thomas, AW (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM awthomas@jlab.org OI Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1951-6355 EI 1951-6401 J9 EUR PHYS J-SPEC TOP JI Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 140 BP 117 EP 134 DI 10.1140/epjst/e2007-00004-4 PG 18 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 145KN UT WOS:000244863800004 ER PT J AU Kotelnikova, E Kalinin, A Yuryev, A Maslov, S AF Kotelnikova, Ekaterina Kalinin, Andrey Yuryev, Anton Maslov, Sergei TI Prediction of Protein-protein Interactions on the Basis of Evolutionary Conservation of Protein Functions SO EVOLUTIONARY BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Protein interactions; prediction; functional evolution; sequence similarity AB Motivation: Although a great deal of progress is being made in the development of fast and reliable experimental techniques to extract genome-wide networks of protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions, the sequencing of new genomes proceeds at an even faster rate. That is why there is a considerable need for reliable methods of in-silico prediction of protein interaction based solely on sequence similarity information and known interactions from well-studied organisms. This problem can be solved if a dependency exists between sequence similarity and the conservation of the proteins' functions. Results: In this paper, we introduce a novel probabilistic method for prediction of protein-protein interactions using a new empirical probabilistic formula describing the loss of interactions between homologous proteins during the course of evolution. This formula describes an evolutional process quite similar to the process of the Earth's population growth. In addition, our method favors predictions confirmed by several interacting pairs over predictions coming from a single interacting pair. Our approach is useful in working with "noisy" data such as those coming from high-throughput experiments. We have generated predictions for five "model" organisms: H. sapiens, D. melanogaster, C. elegans, A. thaliana, and S. cerevisiae and evaluated the quality of these predictions. C1 [Kotelnikova, Ekaterina; Kalinin, Andrey; Yuryev, Anton] Ariadne Genom Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Maslov, Sergei] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yuryev, A (reprint author), Ariadne Genom Inc, 9430 Key W Ave,Suite 113, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM ayuryev@ariadnegenomics.com RI Kotelnikova, Elena/N-8496-2013; OI Maslov, Sergei/0000-0002-3701-492X NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOINFORMATICS INST PI AUCKLAND PA UNIV AUCKLAND, PRIVATE BAG, AUCKLAND, 00000, NEW ZEALAND SN 1176-9343 J9 EVOL BIOINFORM JI Evol. Bioinform. PY 2007 VL 3 BP 197 EP 206 PG 10 WC Evolutionary Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Evolutionary Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA V96EG UT WOS:000206500600015 PM 19461979 ER PT S AU Adams, PD Afonine, PV Grosse-Kunstleve, RW Moriarty, NW Sauter, NK Zwart, PH Gopal, K Ioerger, TR Kanbi, L Mckee, E Pai, RK Hung, LW Radhakannan, T Mccoy, AJ Read, RJ Storoni, LC Romo, TD Sacchettini, JC Terwilliger, TC AF Adams, Paul D. Afonine, Pavel V. Grosse-Kunstleve, Ralf W. Moriarty, Nigel W. Sauter, Nicholas K. Zwart, Peter H. Gopal, Kreshna Ioerger, Thomas R. Kanbi, Lalji Mckee, Erik Pai, Reetal K. Hung, Li-Wei Radhakannan, Thiru Mccoy, Airlie J. Read, Randy J. Storoni, Laurent C. Romo, Tod D. Sacchettini, James C. Terwilliger, Thomas C. BE Read, RJ Sussman, JL TI Automated structure determination with phenix SO EVOLVING METHODS FOR MACROMOLECULAR CRYSTALLOGRAPHY: THE STRUCTURAL PATH TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF CBRN AGENTS SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Evolving Methods for Macromolecular Cystallography CY MAY 19-28, 2005 CL Erice, ITALY SP NATO DE PHENIX; automation; X-ray crystallography ID CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE DETERMINATION; ELECTRON-DENSITY MAPS; MOLECULAR REPLACEMENT; REFINEMENT; SOFTWARE; ERRORS AB A new software system called PHENIX (Python-based Hierarchical ENvironment for Integrated Xtallography) has been developed for the automation of crystallographic structure solution. This provides algorithms to go from reduced intensity data to a refined molecular model, and facilitates structure solution for both the novice and expert crystallographer. Here, we review the major features of PHENIX, including the different user interfaces, and briefly describe the recent advances in infrastructure and algorithms. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,BLDG 64R0121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gopal, Kreshna; Ioerger, Thomas R.; Kanbi, Lalji; Mckee, Erik; Pai, Reetal K.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Comp Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Hung, Li-Wei; Radhakannan, Thiru] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Mccoy, Airlie J.; Read, Randy J.; Storoni, Laurent C.] Univ Cambridge, Cambridge Inst Med Res, Dept Haematol, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England. [Romo, Tod D.; Sacchettini, James C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Terwilliger, Thomas C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Adams, PD (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,BLDG 64R0121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Sauter, Nicholas/K-3430-2012; Read, Randy/L-1418-2013; Terwilliger, Thomas/K-4109-2012 OI Read, Randy/0000-0001-8273-0047; Terwilliger, Thomas/0000-0001-6384-0320 FU National Institutes of Health; National Science Foundation; Department of Energy; Basic Energy Sciences, Scientific Facilities Division of the US Department of Energy FX This project is supported by National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation, and Department of Energy grants to the Stony Brook and Cornell groups. The Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Scientific Facilities Division of the US Department of Energy. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 978-1-4020-6314-5 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2007 VL 245 BP 101 EP + PG 4 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA BGM24 UT WOS:000248330600009 ER PT S AU Watson, JD Golovin, A Laskowski, RA Henrick, K Thornton, JM Joachimiak, A Edwards, AM AF Watson, James D. Golovin, Adel Laskowski, Roman A. Henrick, Kim Thornton, Janet M. Joachimiak, Andrzej Edwards, Aled M. BE Read, RJ Sussman, JL TI Structural bioinformatics: from protein structure to function SO EVOLVING METHODS FOR MACROMOLECULAR CRYSTALLOGRAPHY: THE STRUCTURAL PATH TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF CBRN AGENTS SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Evolving Methods for Macromolecular Cystallography CY MAY 19-28, 2005 CL Erice, ITALY SP NATO DE structural genomics; function from structure; 3D motifs; bioinformatics ID SUCCESSIVE RESIDUES; STRUCTURE ALIGNMENT; DATABASE SEARCH; CATALYTIC SITES; 3D TEMPLATES; SEQUENCE; CONSERVATION; PREDICTION; FAMILIES; REGIONS AB A major problem faced by structural biology today is the issue of function prediction. With the success of the various Structural genomics initiatives and advances in crystallography, proteomics, and other experimental techniques, there has been an explosion of new protein structures being deposited in the databases. In many cases, however, these proteins have little or no functional annotation. Sequence-based approaches still remain the most effective way to assign function based on homology, but in cases of extreme divergence and analogous proteins these methods can fall. In order to identify these types of relationships, a number of structure-based approaches have been developed, such as the MSDmotif service. No single method is successful in all cases and a more prudent approach involves the utilization of data from a wide range of resources. One such approach is the ProFunc server, developed to help researchers narrow down the number of functional possibilities for experimental validation. C1 [Watson, James D.; Golovin, Adel; Laskowski, Roman A.; Henrick, Kim; Thornton, Janet M.] European Bioinformat Inst, EMBL Outstn Hinxton, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England. [Joachimiak, Andrzej] Argonne Natl Lab, Midwest Ctr Struct, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Joachimiak, Andrzej] Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Bio Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Edwards, Aled M.] Univ Toronto, Struct Genom Consortium, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada. RP Watson, JD (reprint author), European Bioinformat Inst, EMBL Outstn Hinxton, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England. OI Laskowski, Roman/0000-0001-5528-0087 NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 978-1-4020-6314-5 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2007 VL 245 BP 165 EP + PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA BGM24 UT WOS:000248330600014 ER PT J AU Dincer, I Rosen, MA AF Dincer, Ibrahim Rosen, Marc A. BA Dincer, I Rosen, MA BF Dincer, I Rosen, MA TI THERMODYNAMIC FUNDAMENTALS SO EXERGY: ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Rosen, Marc A.] Univ Ontario, Inst Technol, Oshawa, ON, Canada. [Rosen, Marc A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rosen, Marc A.] Ryerson Univ, Dept Mech Aerosp & Ind Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-053135-9 PY 2007 BP 1 EP 22 PG 22 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCQ41 UT WOS:000310997600002 ER PT J AU Dincer, I Rosen, MA AF Dincer, Ibrahim Rosen, Marc A. BA Dincer, I Rosen, MA BF Dincer, I Rosen, MA TI EXERGY Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development PREFACE SO EXERGY: ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Rosen, Marc A.] Univ Ontario, Inst Technol, Oshawa, ON, Canada. [Rosen, Marc A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rosen, Marc A.] Ryerson Univ, Dept Mech Aerosp & Ind Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-053135-9 PY 2007 BP V EP + DI 10.1016/B978-008044529-8.50001-X PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCQ41 UT WOS:000310997600001 ER PT J AU Dincer, I Rosen, MA AF Dincer, Ibrahim Rosen, Marc A. BA Dincer, I Rosen, MA BF Dincer, I Rosen, MA TI EXERGY AND ENERGY ANALYSES SO EXERGY: ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Rosen, Marc A.] Univ Ontario, Inst Technol, Oshawa, ON, Canada. [Rosen, Marc A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rosen, Marc A.] Ryerson Univ, Dept Mech Aerosp & Ind Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-053135-9 PY 2007 BP 23 EP 35 DI 10.1016/B978-008044529-8.50005-7 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCQ41 UT WOS:000310997600003 ER PT J AU Dincer, I Rosen, MA AF Dincer, Ibrahim Rosen, Marc A. BA Dincer, I Rosen, MA BF Dincer, I Rosen, MA TI EXERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SO EXERGY: ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Rosen, Marc A.] Univ Ontario, Inst Technol, Oshawa, ON, Canada. [Rosen, Marc A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rosen, Marc A.] Ryerson Univ, Dept Mech Aerosp & Ind Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-053135-9 PY 2007 BP 36 EP 59 DI 10.1016/B978-008044529-8.50006-9 PG 24 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCQ41 UT WOS:000310997600004 ER PT J AU Dincer, I Rosen, MA AF Dincer, Ibrahim Rosen, Marc A. BA Dincer, I Rosen, MA BF Dincer, I Rosen, MA TI APPLICATIONS OF EXERGY IN INDUSTRY SO EXERGY: ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Rosen, Marc A.] Univ Ontario, Inst Technol, Oshawa, ON, Canada. [Rosen, Marc A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rosen, Marc A.] Ryerson Univ, Dept Mech Aerosp & Ind Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-053135-9 PY 2007 BP 60 EP 67 DI 10.1016/B978-008044529-8.50007-0 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCQ41 UT WOS:000310997600005 ER PT J AU Dincer, I Rosen, MA AF Dincer, Ibrahim Rosen, Marc A. BA Dincer, I Rosen, MA BF Dincer, I Rosen, MA TI EXERGY IN POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND EDUCATION SO EXERGY: ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Rosen, Marc A.] Univ Ontario, Inst Technol, Oshawa, ON, Canada. [Rosen, Marc A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rosen, Marc A.] Ryerson Univ, Dept Mech Aerosp & Ind Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-053135-9 PY 2007 BP 68 EP 75 DI 10.1016/B978-008044529-8.50008-2 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCQ41 UT WOS:000310997600006 ER PT J AU Dincer, I Rosen, MA AF Dincer, Ibrahim Rosen, Marc A. BA Dincer, I Rosen, MA BF Dincer, I Rosen, MA TI EXERGY ANALYSIS OF PSYCHROMETRIC PROCESSES SO EXERGY: ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Rosen, Marc A.] Univ Ontario, Inst Technol, Oshawa, ON, Canada. [Rosen, Marc A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rosen, Marc A.] Ryerson Univ, Dept Mech Aerosp & Ind Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-053135-9 PY 2007 BP 76 EP 90 DI 10.1016/B978-008044529-8.50009-4 PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCQ41 UT WOS:000310997600007 ER PT J AU Dincer, I Rosen, MA AF Dincer, Ibrahim Rosen, Marc A. BA Dincer, I Rosen, MA BF Dincer, I Rosen, MA TI EXERGY ANALYSIS OF HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS SO EXERGY: ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Rosen, Marc A.] Univ Ontario, Inst Technol, Oshawa, ON, Canada. [Rosen, Marc A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rosen, Marc A.] Ryerson Univ, Dept Mech Aerosp & Ind Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-053135-9 PY 2007 BP 91 EP 102 DI 10.1016/B978-008044529-8.50010-0 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCQ41 UT WOS:000310997600008 ER PT J AU Dincer, I Rosen, MA AF Dincer, Ibrahim Rosen, Marc A. BA Dincer, I Rosen, MA BF Dincer, I Rosen, MA TI EXERGY ANALYSIS OF DRYING PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS SO EXERGY: ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Rosen, Marc A.] Univ Ontario, Inst Technol, Oshawa, ON, Canada. [Rosen, Marc A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rosen, Marc A.] Ryerson Univ, Dept Mech Aerosp & Ind Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-053135-9 PY 2007 BP 103 EP 126 DI 10.1016/B978-008044529-8.50011-2 PG 24 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCQ41 UT WOS:000310997600009 ER PT J AU Dincer, I Rosen, MA AF Dincer, Ibrahim Rosen, Marc A. BA Dincer, I Rosen, MA BF Dincer, I Rosen, MA TI EXERGY ANALYSIS OF THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS SO EXERGY: ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Rosen, Marc A.] Univ Ontario, Inst Technol, Oshawa, ON, Canada. [Rosen, Marc A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rosen, Marc A.] Ryerson Univ, Dept Mech Aerosp & Ind Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-053135-9 PY 2007 BP 127 EP 162 DI 10.1016/B978-008044529-8.50012-4 PG 36 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCQ41 UT WOS:000310997600010 ER PT J AU Dincer, I Rosen, MA AF Dincer, Ibrahim Rosen, Marc A. BA Dincer, I Rosen, MA BF Dincer, I Rosen, MA TI EXERGY ANALYSIS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS SO EXERGY: ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Rosen, Marc A.] Univ Ontario, Inst Technol, Oshawa, ON, Canada. [Rosen, Marc A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rosen, Marc A.] Ryerson Univ, Dept Mech Aerosp & Ind Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-053135-9 PY 2007 BP 163 EP 228 DI 10.1016/B978-008044529-8.50013-6 PG 66 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCQ41 UT WOS:000310997600011 ER PT J AU Dincer, I Rosen, MA AF Dincer, Ibrahim Rosen, Marc A. BA Dincer, I Rosen, MA BF Dincer, I Rosen, MA TI EXERGY ANALYSIS OF STEAM POWER PLANTS SO EXERGY: ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Rosen, Marc A.] Univ Ontario, Inst Technol, Oshawa, ON, Canada. [Rosen, Marc A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rosen, Marc A.] Ryerson Univ, Dept Mech Aerosp & Ind Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-053135-9 PY 2007 BP 229 EP 256 DI 10.1016/B978-008044529-8.50014-8 PG 28 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCQ41 UT WOS:000310997600012 ER PT J AU Dincer, I Rosen, MA AF Dincer, Ibrahim Rosen, Marc A. BA Dincer, I Rosen, MA BF Dincer, I Rosen, MA TI EXERGY ANALYSIS OF COGENERATION AND DISTRICT ENERGY SYSTEMS SO EXERGY: ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Rosen, Marc A.] Univ Ontario, Inst Technol, Oshawa, ON, Canada. [Rosen, Marc A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rosen, Marc A.] Ryerson Univ, Dept Mech Aerosp & Ind Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-053135-9 PY 2007 BP 257 EP 276 DI 10.1016/B978-008044529-8.50015-X PG 20 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCQ41 UT WOS:000310997600013 ER PT J AU Dincer, I Rosen, MA AF Dincer, Ibrahim Rosen, Marc A. BA Dincer, I Rosen, MA BF Dincer, I Rosen, MA TI EXERGY ANALYSIS OF CRYOGENIC SYSTEMS SO EXERGY: ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Rosen, Marc A.] Univ Ontario, Inst Technol, Oshawa, ON, Canada. [Rosen, Marc A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rosen, Marc A.] Ryerson Univ, Dept Mech Aerosp & Ind Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-053135-9 PY 2007 BP 277 EP 289 DI 10.1016/B978-008044529-8.50016-1 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCQ41 UT WOS:000310997600014 ER PT J AU Dincer, I Rosen, MA AF Dincer, Ibrahim Rosen, Marc A. BA Dincer, I Rosen, MA BF Dincer, I Rosen, MA TI EXERGY ANALYSIS OF CRUDE OIL DISTILLATION SYSTEMS SO EXERGY: ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Rosen, Marc A.] Univ Ontario, Inst Technol, Oshawa, ON, Canada. [Rosen, Marc A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rosen, Marc A.] Ryerson Univ, Dept Mech Aerosp & Ind Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-053135-9 PY 2007 BP 290 EP 302 DI 10.1016/B978-008044529-8.50017-3 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCQ41 UT WOS:000310997600015 ER PT J AU Dincer, I Rosen, MA AF Dincer, Ibrahim Rosen, Marc A. BA Dincer, I Rosen, MA BF Dincer, I Rosen, MA TI EXERGY ANALYSIS OF FUEL CELL SYSTEMS SO EXERGY: ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Rosen, Marc A.] Univ Ontario, Inst Technol, Oshawa, ON, Canada. [Rosen, Marc A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rosen, Marc A.] Ryerson Univ, Dept Mech Aerosp & Ind Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-053135-9 PY 2007 BP 303 EP 324 DI 10.1016/B978-008044529-8.50018-5 PG 22 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCQ41 UT WOS:000310997600016 ER PT J AU Dincer, I Rosen, MA AF Dincer, Ibrahim Rosen, Marc A. BA Dincer, I Rosen, MA BF Dincer, I Rosen, MA TI EXERGY ANALYSIS OF AIRCRAFT FLIGHT SYSTEMS SO EXERGY: ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Rosen, Marc A.] Univ Ontario, Inst Technol, Oshawa, ON, Canada. [Rosen, Marc A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rosen, Marc A.] Ryerson Univ, Dept Mech Aerosp & Ind Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-053135-9 PY 2007 BP 325 EP 334 DI 10.1016/B978-008044529-8.50019-7 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCQ41 UT WOS:000310997600017 ER PT J AU Dincer, I Rosen, MA AF Dincer, Ibrahim Rosen, Marc A. BA Dincer, I Rosen, MA BF Dincer, I Rosen, MA TI EXERGOECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THERMAL SYSTEMS SO EXERGY: ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Rosen, Marc A.] Univ Ontario, Inst Technol, Oshawa, ON, Canada. [Rosen, Marc A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rosen, Marc A.] Ryerson Univ, Dept Mech Aerosp & Ind Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-053135-9 PY 2007 BP 335 EP 362 DI 10.1016/B978-008044529-8.50020-3 PG 28 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCQ41 UT WOS:000310997600018 ER PT J AU Dincer, I Rosen, MA AF Dincer, Ibrahim Rosen, Marc A. BA Dincer, I Rosen, MA BF Dincer, I Rosen, MA TI EXERGY ANALYSIS OF COUNTRIES, REGIONS AND ECONOMIC SECTORS SO EXERGY: ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Rosen, Marc A.] Univ Ontario, Inst Technol, Oshawa, ON, Canada. [Rosen, Marc A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rosen, Marc A.] Ryerson Univ, Dept Mech Aerosp & Ind Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-053135-9 PY 2007 BP 363 EP 396 DI 10.1016/B978-008044529-8.50021-5 PG 34 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCQ41 UT WOS:000310997600019 ER PT J AU Dincer, I Rosen, MA AF Dincer, Ibrahim Rosen, Marc A. BA Dincer, I Rosen, MA BF Dincer, I Rosen, MA TI EXERGETIC LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT SO EXERGY: ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Rosen, Marc A.] Univ Ontario, Inst Technol, Oshawa, ON, Canada. [Rosen, Marc A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rosen, Marc A.] Ryerson Univ, Dept Mech Aerosp & Ind Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-053135-9 PY 2007 BP 397 EP 416 DI 10.1016/B978-008044529-8.50022-7 PG 20 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCQ41 UT WOS:000310997600020 ER PT J AU Dincer, I Rosen, MA AF Dincer, Ibrahim Rosen, Marc A. BA Dincer, I Rosen, MA BF Dincer, I Rosen, MA TI EXERGY AND INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY SO EXERGY: ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Rosen, Marc A.] Univ Ontario, Inst Technol, Oshawa, ON, Canada. [Rosen, Marc A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rosen, Marc A.] Ryerson Univ, Dept Mech Aerosp & Ind Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-053135-9 PY 2007 BP 417 EP 423 DI 10.1016/B978-008044529-8.50023-9 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCQ41 UT WOS:000310997600021 ER PT J AU Dincer, I Rosen, MA AF Dincer, Ibrahim Rosen, Marc A. BA Dincer, I Rosen, MA BF Dincer, I Rosen, MA TI CLOSING REMARKS AND FUTURE EXPECTATIONS SO EXERGY: ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Rosen, Marc A.] Univ Ontario, Inst Technol, Oshawa, ON, Canada. [Rosen, Marc A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rosen, Marc A.] Ryerson Univ, Dept Mech Aerosp & Ind Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-053135-9 PY 2007 BP 424 EP 425 DI 10.1016/B978-008044529-8.50024-0 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCQ41 UT WOS:000310997600022 ER PT J AU Bailey, DH Borwein, D Borwein, JM Crandall, RE AF Bailey, D. H. Borwein, D. Borwein, J. M. Crandall, R. E. TI Hypergeometric forms for ising-class integrals SO EXPERIMENTAL MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE numerical quadrature; numerical integration; arbitrary precision ID RIEMANN ZETA-FUNCTION; MODEL SUSCEPTIBILITY; IDENTITIES; PROOF AB We apply experimental -mathematical principles to analyze the integrals [GRAPHICS] These are generalizations of a previous integral C-n := C-n,C-1 relevant to the Ising theory of solid-state physics [Bailey et al. 06]. We find representations of the C-n,C-k in terms of Meijer G-functions and nested Barnes integrals. Our investigations began by computing 500-digit numerical values Of C-n,C-k for all integers n, k, where n is an element of [2,12].and k is an element of [0, 25]. We found that some C-n,C-k enjoy exact evaluations involving Dirichlet L-functions or the Riemann zeta function. In the process of analyzing hypergeometric representations, we found-experimentally and strikingly-that the C-n,C-k almost certainly satisfy certain interindicial relations including discrete k-recurrences. Using generating functions, differential theory, complex analysis, and Wilf-Zeilberger algorithms we are able to prove some central cases of these relations. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Math, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. Dalhousie Univ, Fac Comp Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 2W5, Canada. Ctr Adv Comp, Reed Coll, Portland, OR USA. RP Bailey, DH (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dhbailey@lbl.gov; dborwein@uwo.ca; jborwein@cs.dal.ca; crandall@reed.edu RI Borwein, Jonathan/A-6082-2009; OI Borwein, Jonathan/0000-0002-1263-0646 NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1058-6458 EI 1944-950X J9 EXP MATH JI Exp. Math. PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 257 EP 276 DI 10.1080/10586458.2007.10129003 PG 20 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 233VF UT WOS:000251117700001 ER PT J AU Revankar, ST Croy, T AF Revankar, Shripad T. Croy, Travis TI Visualization study of the shrinkage void distribution in thermal energy storage capsules of different geometry SO EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE thermal energy storage; encapsulated phase change material; shrinkage voids; spherical; rectangular and torus shape capsules AB The presence of concentrated shrinkage voids in thermal energy storage systems employing encapsulated phase change material can cause serious problems when one attempts to melt the solidified phase change material for the next thermal cycle. Experiments were performed and void-formation phenomena with rectangular flat plate, spherical, and torus shape capsules were investigated. The initial void growth, distribution and the total void in the capsule were photographically studied from transparent capsules using cyclohexane, hexadecane, butanediol and octadecane as phase change materials. The observations on freezing process and the shrinkage void distribution are presented. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Nucl Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID 83404 USA. RP Revankar, ST (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Nucl Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM shripad@ecn.purdue.edu NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0894-1777 EI 1879-2286 J9 EXP THERM FLUID SCI JI Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 31 IS 3 BP 181 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2006.03.026 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA 133WU UT WOS:000244045400002 ER PT J AU Brundage, AL Plesniak, MW Lawless, PB Ramadhyani, S AF Brundage, A. L. Plesniak, M. W. Lawless, P. B. Ramadhyani, S. TI Experimental investigation of airfoil trailing edge heat transfer and aerodynamic losses SO EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE trailing edge; aerodynamic losses; trailing edge heat transfer; airfoil; turbine; vane ID COOLANT EJECTION; TURBINE BLADE; TURBULENCE AB Modern gas turbine development is being driven by the often-incompatible goals of increased efficiency, better durability, and reduced emissions. High turbine inlet temperatures and ineffective cooling at the trailing edge of a first-stage stator vane lead to corrosion, oxidation, and thermal fatigue. Observations of this region in engines frequently reveal burn marks, cracks, and buckling. Fundamental studies of the importance of trailing edge heat transfer to the design of an optimal cooling scheme are scarce. An experimental study of an actively cooled trailing edge configuration, in which coolant is injected through a slot, is performed. Trailing edge heat transfer and aerodynamic measurements are reported. An optimum balance between maximizing blade row aerodynamic efficiency and improving thermal protection at the trailing edge is estimated to be achieved when blowing ratios are in the range between 2.1% and 2.8%. The thermal phenomena at the trailing edge are dominated by injection slot heat transfer and flow physics. These measured trends are generally applicable over a wide range of gas turbine applications. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Maurice J Zucrow Labs, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Plesniak, MW (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Maurice J Zucrow Labs, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM plesniak@purdue.edu OI Plesniak, Michael/0000-0001-6575-5074 NR 42 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0894-1777 J9 EXP THERM FLUID SCI JI Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 31 IS 3 BP 249 EP 260 DI 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2006.04.004 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA 133WU UT WOS:000244045400008 ER PT S AU Schubert, G Bougher, SW Covey, CC Del Genio, AD Grossman, AS Hollingsworth, JL Limaye, SS Young, RE AF Schubert, G. Bougher, S. W. Covey, C. C. Del Genio, A. D. Grossman, A. S. Hollingsworth, J. L. Limaye, S. S. Young, R. E. BE Esposito, LW Stofan, ER Cravens, TE TI Venus Atmosphere Dynamics: A Continuing Enigma SO EXPLORING VENUS AS A TERRESTRIAL PLANET SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ZONAL-MEAN CIRCULATION; INTERNAL GRAVITY-WAVES; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; MERIDIONAL CIRCULATION; SPECTRAL PARAMETERIZATION; EQUATORIAL SUPERROTATION; 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; GLOBAL CIRCULATION; LOWER THERMOSPHERE C1 [Schubert, G.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Schubert, G.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Bougher, S. W.] Univ Michigan, Space Phys Res Lab, AOSS Dept, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Covey, C. C.; Grossman, A. S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Del Genio, A. D.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Hollingsworth, J. L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SJSUF, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Limaye, S. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Young, R. E.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Schubert, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM schubert@ucla.edu RI Bougher, Stephen/C-1913-2013 OI Bougher, Stephen/0000-0002-4178-2729 NR 119 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-441-2 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2007 VL 176 BP 101 EP 120 DI 10.1029/176GM07 D2 10.1029/GM176 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BKA20 UT WOS:000267579300006 ER PT S AU Yao, Y Abidi, B Abidi, M AF Yao, Yi Abidi, Besma Abidi, Mongi BE Hammoud, RI Abidi, BR Abidi, MA TI Quality Assessment and Restoration of Face Images in Long Range/High Zoom Video SO FACE BIOMETRICS FOR PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION: MULTI-SENSORY MULTI-MODAL SYSTEMS SE Signals and Communication Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Abidi, Besma] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Abidi, Besma] Natl Engn Sch Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia. [Abidi, Besma] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Energy, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Abidi, Besma; Abidi, Mongi] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Yao, Y (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM besma@utk.edu; abidi@utk.edu NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1860-4862 BN 978-3-540-49346-4 J9 SIGNALS COMMUN TECHN PY 2007 BP 43 EP 60 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-49346-4_4 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-49346-4 PG 18 WC Biophysics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Biophysics; Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BLX55 UT WOS:000271295800004 ER PT J AU Chen, T Neville, A Sorbie, K Zhong, Z AF Chen, Tao Neville, Anne Sorbie, Ken Zhong, Zhong TI Using in situ synchrotron radiation wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) to study CaCO3 scale formation at ambient and elevated temperature SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article ID KINETICS; GROWTH; PRECIPITATION AB The formation of calcium carbonate mineral scale is a persistent and expensive problem in oil and gas production, water piping systems, power generator, and batch precipitation. The aim of this paper is to further the understanding of scale formation and inhibition by in situ probing of crystal growth by synchrotron radiation wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) at ambient and elevated temperature. This novel technique enables in situ study of mineral scale formation and inhibition and as such, information on the nucleation and growth processes are accessible. This technique studies bulk precipitation and surface deposition in the same system and will be of great benefit to the understanding of an industrial scaling system. It offers an exciting prospect for the study of scaling. It has been shown that the nucleation and growth of various calcareous polymorphs and their individual crystal planes can be followed in real-time and from this the following conclusions are reached. The process of scale deposition on the surface can be divided into an unstable phase and a stable phase. The initial phase of crystallization of calcium carbonate is characterized by instability with individual planes from various vaterite and aragonite polymorphs emerging and subsequently disappearing under the hydrodynamic conditions. After the initial unstable phase, various calcium carbonate crystal planes adhere on the surface and then grow on the surface. At 25 degrees C, the main plane of surface deposit is calcite and a strong (104) peak is detected. The other calcite planes (102), (006), (110) (113) and (202) are hardly detectable under this condition. At 80 degrees C, the main planes in the surface deposit are the (104), (113) and (I 10) planes of calcite. Stable planes of vaterite and aragonite are also observed. This paper will discuss how surface scale evolves-exploring the power of the synchrotron in situ methodology. C1 Univ Leeds, Sch Mech Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Heriot Watt Univ, Inst Petr Engn, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chen, T (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Mech Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM hawkct@hotmail.com OI SORBIE, KENNETH/0000-0002-6481-1529 NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2007 VL 136 BP 355 EP 365 DI 10.1039/b616546j PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 216QE UT WOS:000249893300024 PM 17955820 ER PT J AU Navrotsky, A Simoncic, P Yokokawa, H Chen, WQ Lee, T AF Navrotsky, Alexandra Simoncic, Petra Yokokawa, Harumi Chen, Weiqun Lee, Theresa TI Calorimetric measurements of energetics of defect interactions in fluorite oxides SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Atomic Transport and Defect Phenomena in Solids CY JUL 10-12, 2006 CL Univ Surrey, Guildford, ENGLAND HO Univ Surrey ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED HAFNIA; ZIRCONIA; ENTHALPY; ELECTROLYTES; CERIA AB Direct measurement by oxide melt solution calorimetry of energetics of mixing in rare earth and yttrium doped zirconia, hafnia, and ceria systems provides support for spectroscopic and computational studies of the location and clustering of vacancies in these systems. Strongly negative heats of mixing are seen when the vacancy is transferred from being nearest neighbor to Y or RE in the sesquioxide to being nearest neighbor to Zr or Hf in the cubic solid solution. In the absence of such redistribution, small positive enthalpies of mixing are seen in CeO2-YO1.5 and CeO2-REO1.5 systems. Strongly positive enthalpies of mixing are seen in CeO2-ZrO2, which has a large difference in cation sizes and no vacancy formation. The system Ce0.8Y0.2O1.9-Zr0.8Y0.2O1.9 shows small positive heats of formation with less destabilization in the Ce-rich region, suggestive of "scavenging'' of oxygen vacancies by Zr. The calorimetric data obtained in these studies offer direct comparison with the results of computations on defect clusters and their binding energies. C1 Univ Calif Davis, NEAT ORU & Thermochem Facil, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol AIST, Energy Elect Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058565, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Navrotsky, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, NEAT ORU & Thermochem Facil, 4440 Chem Annex,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM anavrotsky@ucdavis.edu NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2007 VL 134 BP 171 EP 180 DI 10.1039/b604014b PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 115KA UT WOS:000242732000011 PM 17326568 ER PT B AU Baker, ZK Gokhale, M AF Baker, Zachary K. Gokhale, Maya BE Pocek, KL Buell, D TI On the acceleration of shortest path calculations in transportation networks SO FCCM 2007: 15TH ANNUAL IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON FIELD-PROGRAMMABLE CUSTOM COMPUTING MACHINES, PROCEEDINGS SE Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines CY APR 23-25, 2007 CL Napa, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc TC Comp Architecture AB Shortest path algorithms are key elements of many graph problems. They are used in such applications as online direction finding and navigation, and modeling of traffic for, large scale simulations of major metropolitan areas., As shortest path algorithm are execution bottlenecks, it is beneficial to move their execution to parallel hardware such as Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). One of the innovations of this approach is the use of a small bubble sort core to produce the extract-m in function. While bubble sort is not usually considered an appropriate algorithm for any non-trivial usage, it is appropriate in this case as it can produce a single minimum out of the list in O(n) cycles, where n is the number of elements in the vertex list. The cost of this min operation does not impact the running time of the architecture, because the queue depth for fetching the next set of edges from memory is roughly equivalent to the number of cores in the system. Additionally, this work provides a collection of simulation results that model the behavior of the node queue in hardware. The results show that a hardware queue, implementing a small bubble-type minimum function, need only be on the order of 16 elements to provide both correct and optimal paths. With support for a large DRAM graph store with SRAM-based caching on a Cray XD-1 FPGA-accelerated system, the system provides a speedup of roughly 50x over the CPU-based implementation. C1 [Baker, Zachary K.; Gokhale, Maya] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Baker, ZK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM zbaker@lnal.gov; maya@lnal.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2940-0 J9 ANN IEEE SYM FIELD P PY 2007 BP 23 EP + DI 10.1109/FCCM.2007.46 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGT29 UT WOS:000250405100003 ER PT B AU Baker, ZK Gokhale, MB Tripp, JL AF Baker, Zachary K. Gokhale, Maya B. Tripp, Justin L. BE Pocek, KL Buell, D TI Matched filter computation on FPGA, cell and GPU SO FCCM 2007: 15TH ANNUAL IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON FIELD-PROGRAMMABLE CUSTOM COMPUTING MACHINES, PROCEEDINGS SE Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines CY APR 23-25, 2007 CL Napa, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc TC Comp Architecture AB The matched filter is an important kernel in the processing of hyperspectral data. The filter enables researchers to sift useful data from instruments that span large frequency bands and can produce Gigabytes of data in seconds. In this work, we evaluate the performance of a matched filter algorithm implementation on an FPGA-accelerated co-processor (Cray XD-1), the IBM Cell microprocessor and the NVIDIA GeForce 7900 GTX GPU graphics card. We provide extensive discussion of the challenges and opportunities afforded by each platform. In particular we explore the problems of partitioning the filter most efficiently between the host CPU and the co-processor Using our results, we derive several performance metrics that provide the optimal solution for a variety of application situations. C1 [Baker, Zachary K.; Gokhale, Maya B.; Tripp, Justin L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Baker, ZK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM zbaker@lanl.gov; maya@lanl.gov; jtripp@lanl.gov NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2940-0 J9 ANN IEEE SYM FIELD P PY 2007 BP 207 EP + DI 10.1109/FCCM.2007.52 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGT29 UT WOS:000250405100020 ER PT B AU Rupnow, K Underwood, K Comptont, K AF Rupnow, Kyle Underwood, Keith Comptont, Katherine BE Pocek, KL Buell, D TI Scientific application acceleration with reconfigurable functional units SO FCCM 2007: 15TH ANNUAL IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON FIELD-PROGRAMMABLE CUSTOM COMPUTING MACHINES, PROCEEDINGS SE Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines CY APR 23-25, 2007 CL Napa, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc TC Comp Architecture AB While scientitic applications in the past were limited by floating point computations, modern scientific applications use more unstructured formulations, These applications have a significant percentage of integer computation-increasingly a limiting Actor in scientific application performance. In real scientific applications employed at Sandia National Labs, integer computations constitute on average 37% of the application operations, forming large and complex dataflow graphs. Reconfigurable Functional Units (RFUs) are a particularly attractive accelerator for these graphs because they can potentially accelerate many unique graphs with a small amount of additional hardware. In this study, we analyze application traces of Sandia's scientific applications and the SPEC-FP benchmark suite. First we select a set of dataflow graphs to accelerate using the RFU, then we. use execution-based simulation to determine the acceleration potential of the applications when using an RFU. On average, a set of 32 or fewer graphs is sufficient to capture the dataflow behavior of 30% of the integer computation, and more than half of Sandia applications show an improvement of 5% or more. C1 [Rupnow, Kyle; Comptont, Katherine] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Rupnow, Kyle; Underwood, Keith] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rupnow, K (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM kirupnow@wisc.edu; kati@engr.wisc.edu; kdunder@sandia.gov RI Rupnow, Kyle/E-1635-2015 OI Rupnow, Kyle/0000-0003-2908-2225 FU Sandia Corporation; Lockheed Martin Company; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DEAC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DEAC04-94AL85000. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2940-0 J9 ANN IEEE SYM FIELD P PY 2007 BP 261 EP + DI 10.1109/FCCM.2007.14 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGT29 UT WOS:000250405100025 ER PT B AU Sun, J Peterson, G Storaasli, O AF Sun, Junqing Peterson, Gregory Storaasli, Olaf BE Pocek, KL Buell, D TI Sparse matrix-vector multiplication design on FPGAs SO FCCM 2007: 15TH ANNUAL IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON FIELD-PROGRAMMABLE CUSTOM COMPUTING MACHINES, PROCEEDINGS SE Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines CY APR 23-25, 2007 CL Napa, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc TC Comp Architecture DE FPGA; sparse matrix multiplication; performance AB Creating a high throughput sparse matrix vector multiplication (SpMxV) implementation depends on a balanced system design. In this paper, we introduce the innovative SpMxV Solver designed for FPGAs (SSF). Besides high computational throughput, system performance is optimized by reducing initialization time and overheads, minimizing and overlapping I/O operations, and increasing scalability. SSF accepts any matrix size and can be easily adapted to different data formats. SSF minimizes the control logic by taking advantage of the data flow via an innovative accumulation circuit which uses pipelined floating point adders. Compared to optimized software codes on a Pentium 4 microprocessor, our design achieves up to 20x speedup. C1 [Sun, Junqing; Peterson, Gregory] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Storaasli, Olaf] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Sun, J (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jsun5@utk.edu; gdp@utk.edu FU University of Tennessee Science Alliance; ORNL Laboratory Director's Research and Development program FX This project is supported by the University of Tennessee Science Alliance and the ORNL Laboratory Directors Research and Development program. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2940-0 J9 ANN IEEE SYM FIELD P PY 2007 BP 349 EP + DI 10.1109/FCCM.2007.56 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGT29 UT WOS:000250405100055 ER PT B AU Ibrahim, A Felde, D Riemer, B Wendel, M AF Ibrahim, Ashraf Felde, David Riemer, Bernard Wendel, Mark GP ASME TI CFD validation of gas injection into stagnant water SO FEDSM 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH JOINT AMSE/JSME FLUIDS ENGINEERING SUMMER CONFERENCE VOL 1, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint ASME/JSME Fluids Engineering Summer Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Fluids Engn Div, Japanese Soc Mech Engn ID BUBBLES; LIQUIDS; FLOW AB Investigations in the area of two-phase flow at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNL) Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) facility are progressing. It is expected that the target vessel lifetime could be extended by introducing gas into the liquid mercury target. As part of an effort to validate the two-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, simulations and experiments of gas injection in stagnant water have been completed. The volume of fluid (VOF) method as implemented in ANSYS-CFX was used to simulate the unsteady two-phase flow of gas injection into stagnant water. Flow visualization data were obtained with a high-speed camera for the comparison of predicted and measured bubble sizes and shapes at various stages of the bubble growth, detachment, and gravitational rise. The CFD model is validated with these experimental measurements at different gas flow rates. The acoustic waves emitted at the time of detachment and during subsequent oscillations of the bubble were recorded with a microphone. The acoustic signature aspect of this validation is particularly interesting since it has applicability to the injection of gas into liquid mercury, which is opaque. C1 [Ibrahim, Ashraf; Felde, David; Riemer, Bernard; Wendel, Mark] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ibrahim, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Riemer, Bernard/0000-0002-6922-3056 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4288-1 PY 2007 BP 463 EP 469 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHD49 UT WOS:000252340100057 ER PT B AU Nourgaliev, R Liou, MS Theofanous, T AF Nourgaliev, Robert Liou, Meng-Sing Theofanous, Theo GP ASME TI On the numerical prediction of interfacial instabilities in shear flows (Keynote) SO FEDSM 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH JOINT AMSE/JSME FLUIDS ENGINEERING SUMMER CONFERENCE VOL 1, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint ASME/JSME Fluids Engineering Summer Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Fluids Engn Div, Japanese Soc Mech Engn ID VISCOSITY-STRATIFIED FLOW; PERIODIC DISTURBANCES; FLUID; SIMULATIONS; STABILITY AB We assess the state of the art in numerical prediction of interfacial instabilities due to shear in layered flows of viscous fluids. Basic ingredients of this assessment include linear stability analysis results for both miscible (diffuse) and immiscible (sharp) interfaces, the physics and resolution requirements of the critical layer, and convergence properties of the relevant numerical schemes. Behaviors of physically and numerically diffuse interfaces are contrasted and the case for a sharp interface treatment for reliable predictions of this class of flows is made. C1 [Nourgaliev, Robert] Multiphys Methods Grp, Idaho Natl Lab, Adv Nucl Energy Syst, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Nourgaliev, R (reprint author), Multiphys Methods Grp, Idaho Natl Lab, Adv Nucl Energy Syst, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4288-1 PY 2007 BP 617 EP 625 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHD49 UT WOS:000252340100075 ER PT B AU Bamberger, JA Meyer, PA AF Bamberger, Judith Ann Meyer, Perry A. GP ASME TI Characterizing pulsating mixing of slurries SO FEDSM 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH JOINT ASME/JSME FLUIDS ENGINEERING SUMMER CONFERENCE, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint ASME/JSME Fluids Engineering Summer Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Fluids Engn Div, Japanese Soc Mech Engn AB This paper describes the physical properties for defining the operation of a pulse jet mixing system. Pulse jet mixing systems operate with no moving parts located in the vessel or in the fluid to be mixed. Pulse tubes submerged in the vessel provide a pulsating flow that mixes the fluid due to a controlled combination of applied pressure to expel the fluid from the Pulse tube nozzle followed by Suction to refill the pulse tube through the same nozzle. For mixing slurries nondimensional parameters to define mixing operation include slurry properties, geometric properties and operational parameters. Primary parameters include jet Reynolds number and Froude number; alternate parameters may include particle Galileo number, particle Reynolds number, settling velocity ratio, and hindered settling velocity ratio. Rating metrics for system performance include just suspended velocity, concentration distribution as a function of elevation, and blend time. C1 [Bamberger, Judith Ann; Meyer, Perry A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bamberger, JA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4289-8 PY 2007 BP 201 EP 205 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM62 UT WOS:000254289800033 ER PT B AU Wendel, M Ibrahim, A Felde, D Rietner, B AF Wendel, Mark Ibrahim, Ashraf Felde, David Rietner, Bernard GP ASME TI Gas bubble formation in stagnant and flowing mercury SO FEDSM 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH JOINT ASME/JSME FLUIDS ENGINEERING SUMMER CONFERENCE, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint ASME/JSME Fluids Engineering Summer Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Fluids Engn Div, Japanese Soc Mech Engn AB The Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNL) Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) facility uses a liquid mercury target that flows through a stainless steel containment vessel. As the SNS Pulsed beam power level is increased, it is expected that the target vessel lifetime could become limited by cavitation damage erosion (CDE). Bubbles produced in mercury at an Upwards-oriented vertical gas injector needle were observed with proton radiography (pRad) at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE). The comparison Of volume-of-fluid (VOF) simulation results to the radiographic images reveals some aspects of success and some deficiencies in predicting these high Surface tension, highly buoyant, and non-wetting fluid behavior. Although several gas flows were measured with pRad, this paper focuses on the case with a low gas flow rate of 1.66 mg/min (10 seem) through the 0.2-mm-outer-diameter injector needle. The acoustic waves emitted due to the detachment of the bubble and during subsequent bubble oscillations were also recorded with a microphone, providing a precise measurement of the bubble sizes. When the mercury is also motivated coaxially, the drag on the bubble forces earlier detachment leading to smaller bubble sizes. C1 [Wendel, Mark; Ibrahim, Ashraf; Felde, David; Rietner, Bernard] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Wendel, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. OI Riemer, Bernard/0000-0002-6922-3056 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4289-8 PY 2007 BP 409 EP 414 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM62 UT WOS:000254289800065 ER PT B AU Moriarty, P Kogaki, T AF Moriarty, Patrick Kogaki, Tetsuya GP ASME TI Modeling of flow acceleration around wind farms SO FEDSM 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH JOINT ASME/JSME FLUIDS ENGINEERING SUMMER CONFERENCE, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint ASME/JSME Fluids Engineering Summer Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Fluids Engn Div, Japanese Soc Mech Engn AB Recent measurements from operating wind farms demonstrate that the layout of the farm and interactions between turbine wakes strongly affects the overall efficiency of the wind farm. In some wind farms arranged in rectangular layouts, winds coming from the direction of the rectangular corner create a potential acceleration around the wind farm. This acceleration inherently leads to stronger local wind speeds at wind turbines downstream of the corner turbine, thereby increasing the power output of the downstream turbines. In this study, computational models are developed to predict this complex behavior seen in wind farms. The model used to examine these effects is a fully three-dimensional unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes code, with the turbulence model turned off. Preliminary results show an optimum spacing configuration is possible. However, the results have yet to be verified at higher Reynolds number, which will be the effort of future work. Ultimately, these tools may lead to more optimal wind farm layouts. C1 [Moriarty, Patrick] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Moriarty, P (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4289-8 PY 2007 BP 1113 EP 1118 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM62 UT WOS:000254289800169 ER PT B AU Berg, DE Zayas, JR Lobitz, DW van Dam, CP Chow, R Baker, JP AF Berg, Dale E. Zayas, Jose R. Lobitz, Donald W. van Dam, C. P. (Case) Chow, Raymond Baker, Jonathon P. GP ASME TI Active aerodynamic load control of wind turbine blades SO FEDSM 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH JOINT ASME/JSME FLUIDS ENGINEERING SUMMER CONFERENCE, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint ASME/JSME Fluids Engineering Summer Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Fluids Engn Div, Japanese Soc Mech Engn ID MICROTABS; AIRFOILS AB The cost of wind-generated electricity can be reduced by mitigating fatigue loads acting on the rotor blades of wind turbines. One way to accomplish this is with active aerodynamic load control devices that supplement the load control obtainable with current full-span pitch control. Thin airfoil theory suggests that such devices will be more effective if they are located near the blade trailing edge. While considerable effort in Europe is concentrating on the capability of conventional trailing edge flaps to control these loads, our effort is concentrating on very small devices, called microtabs, that produce similar effects. This paper discusses the work we have done on microtabs, including a recent simulation that illustrates the large impact these small devices can exert on a blade. Although microtabs show promise for this application, significant challenges must be overcome before they can be demonstrated to be a viable, cost-effective technology. C1 [Berg, Dale E.; Zayas, Jose R.; Lobitz, Donald W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Wind Energy Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Berg, DE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Wind Energy Technol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4289-8 PY 2007 BP 1119 EP 1127 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM62 UT WOS:000254289800170 ER PT B AU Schreck, S Robinson, M AF Schreck, S. Robinson, M. GP ASME TI Wind turbine blade flow fields and prospects for active aerodynamic control SO FEDSM 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH JOINT ASME/JSME FLUIDS ENGINEERING SUMMER CONFERENCE, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint ASME/JSME Fluids Engineering Summer Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Fluids Engn Div, Japanese Soc Mech Engn ID DYNAMIC STALL AB As wind turbines continue to grow larger, problems associated with adverse aerodynamic loads will grow more critical. Thus, the wind energy technical community has begun to seriously consider the potential of aerodynamic control methodologies for mitigating adverse aerodynamic loading. Spatial and temporal attributes of the structures and processes present in these flow fields hold important implications for active aerodynamic control methodologies currently being contemplated for wind turbine applications. The current work uses complementary experimental and computational methodologies, to isolate and characterize key attributes of blade flow fields associated with axisymmetric and yawed turbine operation. During axisymmetric operation, a highly three-dimensional, shear layer dominated flow field yields rotational augmentation of both mean and standard deviation levels of aerodynamic forces. Under yawed operating conditions, pseudo-sinusoidal inflow angle oscillations elicit dynamic stall, which significantly intensifies aerodynamic load production. Both rotationally augmented and dynamically stalled flows possess attributes likely to pose central challenges for turbine flow control. Whether active control of turbine aerodynamics can help alleviate adverse aerodynamic loads will depend on comprehension and command of the issues documented herein. C1 [Schreck, S.; Robinson, M.] NRELs Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Appl Res Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Schreck, S (reprint author), NRELs Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Appl Res Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4289-8 PY 2007 BP 1129 EP 1140 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM62 UT WOS:000254289800171 ER PT B AU Chen, J Odier, P Rivera, M Ecke, R AF Chen, Jun Odier, Philippe Rivera, Michael Ecke, Robert GP ASME TI Laboratory measurement of entrainment and mixing in oceanic overflows SO FEDSM 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH JOINT ASME/JSME FLUIDS ENGINEERING SUMMER CONFERENCE, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint ASME/JSME Fluids Engineering Summer Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Fluids Engn Div, Japanese Soc Mech Engn ID STRATIFIED ENVIRONMENTS; TURBULENT ENTRAINMENT; DENMARK STRAIT; NORTH-ATLANTIC; WIND-TUNNEL; NORDIC SEAS; FLOWS; SLOPES; ACCURACY; MODELS AB The mixing and entrainment processes existing in oceanic overflows, e.g., Denmark Strait Overflow (DSO), affect the global thermohaline circulation. Owing to limited spatial resolution in global climate prediction simulations, the small-scale dynamics of oceanic mixing must be properly modeled. A series of experiments are performed in an Oceanic Overflow Facility to study the mixing and entrainment of a gravity current along an inclined plate, flowing into a steady ambient medium. At small values of the Richardson number, the shear dominates the stabilizing effect of the stratification and the flow at the interface of the current becomes unstable, resulting in turbulent mixing. In addition, the level of turbulence is enhanced by an active grid device. Using PIV and PLIF to measure, respectively, the velocity and density fields, we characterize the statistical properties of the mixing. We also study the entrainment of the ambient fluid by the flow. An accurate parametrization of the mixing and entrainment can be a valuable input for ocean circulation models. C1 [Chen, Jun; Odier, Philippe; Rivera, Michael; Ecke, Robert] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Ecke, Robert/0000-0001-7772-5876 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4289-8 PY 2007 BP 1283 EP 1292 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM62 UT WOS:000254289800192 ER PT B AU Lee, SY Dimenna, RA AF Lee, Si Y. Dimenna, Richard A. GP ASME TI Applications of CFD method to gas mixing analysis in a large-scaled tank SO FEDSM 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH JOINT ASME/JSME FLUIDS ENGINEERING SUMMER CONFERENCE, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint ASME/JSME Fluids Engineering Summer Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Fluids Engn Div, Japanese Soc Mech Engn DE gas mixing; large-scaled tank; computational fluid dynamics; turbulent flow AB The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling technique was applied to the estimation of maximum benzene concentration for the vapor space inside a large-scaled and high-level radioactive waste tank at Savannah River site (SRS). The objective of the work was to perform the calculations for the benzene mixing behavior in the vapor space of Tank 48 and its impact on the local concentration of benzene. The calculations were used to evaluate the degree to which purge air mixes with benzene evolving from the liquid surface and its ability to prevent an unacceptable concentration of benzene from forming. The analysis was focused on changing the tank operating conditions to establish internal recirculation and changing the benzene evolution rate from the liquid surface. The model used a three-dimensional momentum coupled with multi-species transport. The calculations included potential operating conditions for air inlet and exhaust flows, recirculation flow rate, and benzene evolution rate with prototypic tank geometry. The flow conditions are assumed to be fully turbulent since Reynolds numbers for typical operating conditions are in the range of 20,000 to 70,000 based on the inlet conditions of the air purge system. A standard two-equation turbulence model was used. The modeling results for the typical gas mixing problems available in the literature were compared and verified through comparisons with the test results. The benchmarking results showed that the predictions are in good agreement with the analytical solutions and literature data. Additional sensitivity calculations included a reduced benzene evolution rate, reduced air inlet and exhaust flow, and forced internal recirculation. The modeling results showed that the vapor space was fairly well mixed and that benzene concentrations were relatively low when forced recirculation and 72 cfm ventilation air through the tank boundary were imposed. For the same 72 cfm air inlet flow but without forced recirculation, the heavier benzene gas was stratified. The results demonstrated that benzene concentrations were relatively low for typical operating configurations and conditions. Detailed results and the cases considered in the calculations will be discussed here. C1 [Lee, Si Y.; Dimenna, Richard A.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Lee, SY (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4289-8 PY 2007 BP 1387 EP 1394 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM62 UT WOS:000254289800205 ER PT J AU Awai, K Wolk, CP AF Awai, Koichiro Wolk, C. Peter TI Identification of the glycosyl transferase required for synthesis of the principal glycolipid characteristic of heterocysts of Anabaena sp strain PCC 7120 SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE heterocyst; glycosyl transferase; heterocyst envelope glycolipid ID NITROGEN-FIXING CYANOBACTERIA; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; ENVELOPE; GENES; PATTERN; OXYGEN; PATS; HETN AB Nitrogenase is oxygen-labile. Cyanobacterial heterocysts can fix N-2 in an oxic milieu because their interior is micro-oxic, for which the glycolipid layer of the heterocyst envelope is required. ORF all5341 of the Anabaena sp. genome predicts a glycosyl transferase. An insertional mutant of all5341 synthesized only a nonglycosylated form of heterocyst envelope glycolipid, and lacked a glycolipid layer. All5341 appears to be the transferase required to glycosylate the glycolipid aglycone. C1 Michigan State Univ, US DOE, Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Wolk, CP (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, US DOE, Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM wolk@msu.edu RI Awai, Koichiro/B-5119-2010 NR 21 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 266 IS 1 BP 98 EP 102 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00512.x PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 114IM UT WOS:000242659900014 PM 17233720 ER PT S AU Egami, T AF Egami, T. BE Dalal, NS BussmannHolder, A TI Local structure and dynamics of ferroelectric solids SO FERRO- AND ANTIFERROELECTRICITY: ORDER/DISORDER VERSUS DISPLACIVE SE Structure and Bonding LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE local atomic structure; neutron scattering; pair-density function; relaxor ferroelectrics ID RELAXOR FERROELECTRICS; OXIDES AB Details of local atomic structure and dynamics play a significant role in determining the ferroelectric properties, even though ferro electricity is a highly collective phenomenon. They are most important in disordered ferroelectrics, the relaxor ferroelectrics in particular. In this chapter we discuss how neutron scattering measurements enable us to see directly the local structure and dynamics and facilitate the understanding of their role through the static and dynamic atomic pair-density function (PDF) analysis. The PDF provides direct information on the local atomic structure, even when the structure is disordered, and complements the conventional crystallographic approaches. Recent advances in the pulsed neutron sources and in spectrometers have made this technique particularly powerful for studies of disordered ferroelectric solids. We focus on the role of Pb2+ ions in mixed ferroelectrics and the atomistic dynamic mechanism of relaxor ferroelectrics. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Egami, T (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM egami@utk.edu NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0081-5993 BN 978-3-540-49602-1 J9 STRUCT BOND JI Struct. Bond. PY 2007 VL 124 BP 69 EP 88 DI 10.1007/430_2006_047 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-49604-5 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BGD72 UT WOS:000246179400004 ER PT J AU Morozovska, AN Kalinin, SV Eliseev, EA Svechnikov, SV AF Morozovska, Anna N. Kalinin, Sergei V. Eliseev, Eugene A. Svechnikov, Sergei V. TI Local polarization switching in piezoresponse force microscopy SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE domain nucleation; screening charges; piezoelectric response ID FERROELECTRIC DOMAINS; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; THIN-FILMS; GENERATION AB Piezoresponse Force Spectroscopy (PFS) has emerged as a powerful tool for probing polarization dynamics on the nanoscale. Application of a dc bias to a nanoscale probe in contact with a ferroelectric surface results in the nucleation and growth of a ferroelectric domain below the probe apex. The latter affects local electromechanical response detected by the probe. Resulting hysteresis loop contains information on local ferroelectric switching. The self-consistent analysis of the PFS data requires (a) deriving the thermodynamic parameters of domain nucleation and (b) establishing the relationships between domain parameters and PFM signal. Here, we analyze the early stages of switching processes and the effect of screening, on the surface and at the domain wall on local polarization reversal mechanism. It is shown that the screening control both the domain nucleation activation energy and hysteresis loop saturation rate. C1 Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, L Lashkaryov Inst Semicond Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanaophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Problems Mat Sci, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Morozovska, AN (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, L Lashkaryov Inst Semicond Phys, 41 Pr Nauki, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. EM morozo@i.com.ua; sergei2@oml.gov RI Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012 OI Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152 NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 EI 1563-5112 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2007 VL 354 BP 198 EP 207 DI 10.1080/00150190701454966 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 207HJ UT WOS:000249241900025 ER PT J AU Mamin, RF Egami, T Marton, Z Migachev, SA AF Mamin, R. F. Egami, T. Marton, Z. Migachev, S. A. TI Giant dielectric permittivity and colossal magnetocapacitance effect in complex manganites with high conductivity SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Russian-CIS-Baltic-Japan Symposium on Ferroelectricity (RCBJSF-8) CY MAY 15-19, 2006 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN DE dielectric permittivity; magnetocapacitance effect ID LA1-XSRXMNO3; TRANSITION; FILMS AB The temperature dependences of the dielectric properties and conductivity of the La1-xSrxMnO3 single crystals (x = 0.1, 0.11, 0.125) are investigated in a wide temperature range. It is found that the giant dielectric permittivity arises due to the prepercolation regime of the charge separation. These single crystals display also the colossal magnetocapacitance effect. The features of the temperature dependence of these dielectric properties are explained by the nanoscale dynamic inhomogeneties appearing due to the charge and spin ordering. C1 RAS, Zavoisky Phys Tech Inst, Kazan 420029, Russia. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mamin, RF (reprint author), RAS, Zavoisky Phys Tech Inst, Kazan 420029, Russia. EM mamin@kfti.kuc.ru NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2007 VL 348 BP 409 EP 414 DI 10.1080/00150190701195973 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 157JG UT WOS:000245714900004 ER PT J AU Shikanai, F Tomiyasu, K Kiyanagi, R Yonemura, M Iwase, K Sulistyanintyas, D Wurnisha, T Mori, K Ishigaki, T Tsukushi, I Ikeda, S Kamiyama, T AF Shikanai, Fumihito Tomiyasu, Keisuke Kiyanagi, Ryoji Yonemura, Masao Iwase, Kenji Sulistyanintyas, Dyah Wurnisha, Tuerxun Mori, Kazuhiro Ishigaki, Toru Tsukushi, Itaru Ikeda, Susumu Kamiyama, Takashi TI Neutron powder diffraction study of protonic conductor K3H(SeO4)(2) SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Russian-CIS-Baltic-Japan Symposium on Ferroelectricity (RCBJSF-8) CY MAY 15-19, 2006 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN DE K3H(SeO4)(2); protonic conductor; structure analysis; neutron; quasi-elastic scattering ID CRYSTALS; M3H(XO4)(2); MECHANISM AB Crystal structures of protonic conductor K3H(SeO4)(2) in the phase I (conducting phase) and phase II (room-temperature phase) have been determined using a time-of-flight (TOF) neutron diffractometer VEGA. SeO4 tetrahedra in the phase I were rotationally displaced with the occupancy 1/3 and the crystal structure in the phase II was remain locally. Proton distribution maps were obtained from the maximum entropy method (MEM) describe that the amount of the proton in a hydrogen bond were decline from 87.3% to 21.4% with increasing the temperature and 13.4% of protons exist at inter-layer space. Incoherent quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) experiments performed by LAM80-ET spectrometer yield the QENS spectra of conducting protons. Proton diffusion constants are estimated as 1.9(1) x 10(-10) m(2)/s at 393 K and 2.1(3) x 10(-10) m(2)/s at 413 K, respectively. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ibaraki Univ, Grad Sch Engn & Sci, Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Inst Res Reactor, Osaka 59004, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Quantum Beam Sci Directorate, Ibaraki, Japan. Chiba Inst Technol, Fac Engn, Chiba, Japan. EM shikanai@post.kek.jp NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2007 VL 347 BP 74 EP 78 DI 10.1080/00150190601187062 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 152KT UT WOS:000245361600015 ER PT J AU Brown, MA Ding, JL Robbins, JR AF Brown, M. A. Ding, J. L. Robbins, J. R. TI A numerical investigation of the effect of induced porosity on the electromechanical switching of ferroelectric ceramics SO FERROELECTRICS LETTERS SECTION LA English DT Article DE ferroelectric ceramic; porosity; electromechanical; switching AB Ferroelectric ceramics have many applications ranging from microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) to explosively driven power supplies. In addition to chemical compositions and processing methods, porosity is an important material parameter that can affect both the electrical and mechanical responses of a ferroelectric. The main objective of the current study is to gain preliminary insight on the possible effect of porosity on the switching behavior of ferroelectrics. Numerical simulation was used to address the research objective. The numerical code used is an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian, multi-material, multi-physics finite element code developed by Sandia National Laboratories. To accomplish the research objective, a phenomenological electromechanical model developed by Landis was first implemented in the code. The effects of void density, which ranges from 0 to 11%, and shape, which includes sphere and cylinder, were then investigated through a parametric study. The study indicates that the remanent polarization decreases with increased porosity density. For a given density, the porous solid that contains the cylindrical voids whose longitudinal axis is perpendicular to the applied electric field possesses the largest amount of the remanent polarization. The solid that contains the cylindrical voids whose longitudinal axis is parallel to the applied electric field has the least while the one containing spherical voids is intermediate. It is conjectured that the void shape effect is mainly due to the fact that the void perturbs the distribution of electric field and polarization with respect to from the applied electric field direction and different shapes of void result in different degrees of perturbation. The limitation of the current numerical simulation and possible future work are also discussed. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brown, MA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0731-5171 J9 FERROELECTRICS LETT JI Ferroelectr. Lett. Sect. PY 2007 VL 34 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 21 DI 10.1080/07315170701313674 PG 21 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 171YE UT WOS:000246770500001 ER PT B AU Thomas, AW Young, RD AF Thomas, A. W. Young, R. D. BE Yan, Y Kobdai, C Suebka, P TI Baryon spectroscopy and the constituent quark model SO Few-Body Problems in Physics, 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Asia-Pacific Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (APFB05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Nakhon Ratchasima, THAILAND SP Suranaree Univ Technol, Sch Phys ID PENTAQUARKS; MASSES AB We explore further the idea that the lattice QCD data for hadron properties in the region m(pi)(2)>0.2GeV(2) can be described by the constituent quark model. This leads to a natural explanation of the fact that nucleon excited states are generally stable for pion masses greater than their physical excitation energies. Finally we apply these same ideas to the problem of how pentaquarks might behave in lattice QCD, with interesting conclusions. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23185 USA. RP Thomas, AW (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23185 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-270-481-8 PY 2007 BP 87 EP 94 DI 10.1142/9789812706881_0018 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BGA75 UT WOS:000245818200018 ER PT B AU Higa, R Robilotta, MR da Rocha, A AF Higa, R. Robilotta, M. R. da Rocha, A. BE Yan, Y Kobdai, C Suebka, P TI Nuclear forces and chiral symmetry SO Few-Body Problems in Physics, 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Asia-Pacific Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (APFB05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Nakhon Ratchasima, THAILAND SP Suranaree Univ Technol, Sch Phys ID PERTURBATION-THEORY; SCATTERING; LAGRANGIANS; MODEL AB We review the main achievements of the research programme for the study of nuclear forces in the framework of chiral symmetry and discuss some problems which are still open. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Higa, R (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 1200 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-270-481-8 PY 2007 BP 214 EP 218 DI 10.1142/9789812706881_0040 PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BGA75 UT WOS:000245818200040 ER PT B AU Gibson, BF AF Gibson, B. F. BE Yan, Y Kobdai, C Suebka, P TI Concluding remarks SO Few-Body Problems in Physics, 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Asia-Pacific Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (APFB05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Nakhon Ratchasima, THAILAND SP Suranaree Univ Technol, Sch Phys AB These observations represent the author's personal perspective regarding the ideas presented at this third Asia Pacific Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics. It is not intended as a summary talk in the traditional sense, but is comprised of remarks emphasizing physics not speakers. Many of the talks covered results of those other than the speaker, and the ideas discussed will hopefully outlive the rapporteurs bringing these ideas to life at APFB05 held at the Suranaree University of Technology in Nakhon Ratchasima. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gibson, BF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-270-481-8 PY 2007 BP 374 EP 381 DI 10.1142/9789812706881_0071 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BGA75 UT WOS:000245818200071 ER PT S AU Farrow, RL Hadley, GR Smith, AV Kliner, DAV AF Farrow, Roger L. Hadley, G. Ronald Smith, Arlee V. Kliner, Dahv A. V. BE Harter, DJ Tunnermann, A Broeng, J Headley, C TI Numerical modeling of self-focusing beams in fiber amplifiers - art. no. 645309 SO Fiber Lasers IV: Technology, Systems, and Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Fiber Laser - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY JAN 22-25, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE self-focusing; fiber amplifiers; high-power fiber amplifier; self-focusing in fibers ID POWER AB We have numerically investigated the behavior of the LP01 fundamental mode of a step-index, multimode (MM) fiber as the optical power approaches the self-focusing limit (P-crit). The analysis includes the effects of optical gain and fiber bending and are thus applicable to coiled fiber amplifiers. We find that at powers below P-crit, there exist stably propagating power-dependent modifications of the LP01 mode, in contrast to some previous solutions that exhibited large-amplitude oscillations in beam waist along the fiber. For the first time, to our knowledge, we show that in a MM fiber amplifier seeded with the low-power LP01 eigenmode, the transverse spatial profile will adiabatically evolve through power-dependent stationary solutions as the beam is amplified toward P-crit. In addition, for a given value of the nonlinear index, P-crit, is found to be nearly the same in the bulk material and in a step-index fiber. These conclusions hold for both straight and bent fibers, although the quantitative details are somewhat different. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Farrow, RL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, PO Box 969,MS 9056, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Tunnermann, Andreas/K-6453-2016 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6566-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6453 BP 45309 EP 45309 AR 645309 DI 10.1117/12.701571 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BGC70 UT WOS:000246052100005 ER PT S AU Smith, A Do, B Soderlund, M AF Smith, Arlee Do, Binh Soderlund, Mikko BE Harter, DJ Tunnermann, A Broeng, J Headley, C TI Deterministic nanosecond laser-induced breakdown thresholds in pure and Yb3+ doped fused silica - art. no. 645317 SO Fiber Lasers IV: Technology, Systems, and Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Fiber Laser - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY JAN 22-25, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE ID SIO2 AB The objective of this work is to understand catastrophic optical damage in nanosecond pulsed fiber amplifiers. We used a pulsed, single longitudinal mode, TEM00 laser at 1.064 mu m, with 7.5-nsec pulse duration, focused to a 7.45-mu m-radius spot in bulk fused silica. Our bulk damage threshold irradiance is corrected to account for self focusing. The pulse to pulse variation in the damage irradiance in pure silica is less than 1%. Damage is nearly instantaneous, with an induction time much less than 1 ns. These observations are consistent with an electron avalanche rate equation model, using reasonable rate coefficients. The bulk optical breakdown threshold irradiance of pure fused silica is 5.0x10(11) +/- 7% Watts/cm(2). We also measured the surface damage threshold irradiance of 1% Yb3+ doped fused silica preform of Liekki Yb1200 fiber, and found it is equal to that of pure silica within 2%. The optical damage morphology is reproducible from pulse to pulse. To facilitate the morphology study we developed a technique for locating the laser focus based on the third harmonic signal generated at the air-fused silica interface. This gives a very small uncertainty in focal position (similar to 10 mu m) which is important in interpreting the damage structure. The surface third harmonic method was also used to determine the laser focus spot size and verify beam quality. Earlier reports have claimed that the damage irradiance depends strongly on the size of the focal spot. We varied the focal volume to look for evidence of this effect, but found none. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Laser Remote Sensing Plasma & Complex Syst Sci D, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Smith, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Laser Remote Sensing Plasma & Complex Syst Sci D, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Tunnermann, Andreas/K-6453-2016 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6566-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6453 BP 45317 EP 45317 AR 645317 DI 10.1117/12.701399 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BGC70 UT WOS:000246052100033 ER PT S AU Hadley, GR Farrow, RL Smith, AV AF Hadley, G. Ronald Farrow, Roger L. Smith, Arlee V. BE Harter, DJ Tunnermann, A Broeng, J Headley, C TI Three-dimensional time-dependent modeling of high-power fiber amplifiers - art. no. 64531B SO Fiber Lasers IV: Technology, Systems, and Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Fiber Laser - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY JAN 22-25, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE AB The design and optimization of high-power fiber amplifiers requires a simulation tool capable of including a wide range of effects simultaneously, including mode distortion and loss due to bending, spatially-dependent saturable gain, guiding from arbitrary index of refraction profiles and self-focusing. In addition, the nonlinear effects are power dependent and thus will distort the pulse shape. We have constructed a numerical model to address these issues and serve as a platform for data analysis and system optimization. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hadley, GR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Tunnermann, Andreas/K-6453-2016 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6566-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6453 BP B4531 EP B4531 AR 64531B DI 10.1117/12.717376 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BGC70 UT WOS:000246052100037 ER PT S AU Farrow, RL Hadley, GR Miner, DAV Koplow, JP AF Farrow, Roger L. Hadley, G. Ronald Miner, Dahv A. V. Koplow, Jeffrey P. BE Harter, DJ Tunnermann, A Broeng, J Headley, C TI Design of refractive-index and rare-earth-dopant distributions for large-mode-area fibers used in coiled high-power amplifiers - art. no. 64531C SO Fiber Lasers IV: Technology, Systems, and Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Fiber Laser - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY JAN 22-25, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE large-mode-area fibers; fiber amplifiers; high-power fiber amplifier; bending effects in fibers; mode filtering ID PULSES AB We have numerically compared the performance of various designs for the core refractive-index (RI) and rare-earth-dopant distributions of large-mode-area fibers for use in bend-loss-filtered, high-power amplifiers. We first established quantitative targets for the key parameters that determine fiber-amplifier performance, including effective LP01 modal area (A(eff), both straight and coiled), bend sensitivity (for handling and packaging), high-order mode discrimination, mode-field displacement upon coiling, and index contrast (manufacturability). We compared design families based on various power-law and hybrid profiles for the RI and evaluated confined rare-earth doping for hybrid profiles. Step-index fibers with straight-fiber A(eff) values > 1000 mu(m)2 exhibit large decreases in A(eff) and transverse mode-field displacements upon coiling, in agreement with recent calculations of Hadley et al. [Proc. of SPIE, Vol. 6102, 61021S (2006)] and Fini [Opt. Exp. 14, 69 (2006)]. Triangular-profile fibers substantially mitigate these effects, but suffer from excessive bend sensitivity at A(eff) values of interest. Square-law (parabolic) profile fibers are free of modal distortion but are hampered by high bend sensitivity (although to a lesser degree than triangular profiles) and exhibit the largest mode displacements. We find that hybrid (combined power-law) profiles provide some decoupling of these tradeoffs and allow all design goals to be achieved simultaneously. We present optimized fiber designs based on this analysis. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Farrow, RL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, PO Box 969,MS 9056, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Tunnermann, Andreas/K-6453-2016 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6566-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6453 BP C4531 EP C4531 AR 64531C DI 10.1117/12.701594 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BGC70 UT WOS:000246052100038 ER PT S AU Schrader, PE Farrow, RL Kliner, DAV Feve, JP Landru, N AF Schrader, Paul E. Farrow, Roger L. Kliner, Dahv A. V. Feve, Jean-Philippe Landru, Nicolas BE Harter, DJ Tunnermann, A Broeng, J Headley, C TI Fiber-based laser with tunable repetition rate, fixed pulse duration, and multiple wavelength output - art. no. 64530D SO Fiber Lasers IV: Technology, Systems, and Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Fiber Laser - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY JAN 22-25, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE Nd : YAG microchip laser; microlaser; Yb-doped fiber amplifier; double-clad fiber; mode filtering; nonlinear frequency conversion; harmonic generation; optical parametric generation; ultraviolet; mid-infrared ID PEAK-POWER; AMPLIFIER; GENERATION; CRYSTAL; ENERGY AB We report a pulsed, Nd:YAG (1064 nm) microchip laser amplified by a mode-filtered, Yb-doped fiber amplifier. The system provided a widely tunable repetition rate (7.1-27 kHz) with constant pulse duration (1.0 ns), pulse energy up to 0.41 mJ, linear output polarization, diffraction-limited beam quality, and < 1% pulse-energy fluctuations. Detailed spectral and temporal characterization of the output pulses revealed the effects of four-wave mixing and stimulated Raman scattering, and we investigated the effects of fiber length and Yb-doping level on system performance. The amplifier output was efficiently converted to a variety of wavelengths between 213 and 4400 nm by harmonic generation and optical parametric generation, with Watt-level output powers. The laser system employs a simple architecture and is therefore suitable for use in practical applications. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Schrader, PE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, PO Box 969,MS 9056, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Tunnermann, Andreas/K-6453-2016 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6566-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6453 BP D4530 EP D4530 AR 64530D DI 10.1117/12.701529 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BGC70 UT WOS:000246052100009 ER PT S AU Moore, SW Koplow, JP Hansen, A Wien, G Kliner, DAV AF Moore, Sean W. Koplow, Jeffrey P. Hansen, Andrea Wien, Georg Kliner, Dahv A. V. BE Harter, DJ Tunnermann, A Broeng, J Headley, C TI Diode-bar side pumping of double-clad fibers - art. no. 64530K SO Fiber Lasers IV: Technology, Systems, and Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Fiber Laser - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY JAN 22-25, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE Yb-doped fiber laser; fiber amplifier; double-clad fiber; fiber array; side pumping; diode bar AB We demonstrate direct diode-bar side pumping of a Yb-doped fiber laser using embedded-mirror side pumping (EMSP). in this method, the pump beam is launched by reflection from a micro-mirror embedded in a channel polished into the inner cladding of a double-clad fiber (DCF). The amplifier employed an unformatted, non-lensed, ten-emitter diode bar (20 W) and glass-clad, polarization-maintaining, large-mode-area fiber. Measurements with passive fiber showed that the coupling efficiency of the raw diode-bar output into the DCF (ten launch sites) was similar to 84%; for comparison, the net coupling efficiency using a conventional, formatted, fiber-coupled diode bar is typically 50-70%, i.e., EMSP results in a factor of 2-3 less wasted pump power. The slope efficiency of the side-pumped fiber laser was similar to 80% with respect to launched pump power and 24% with respect to electrical power consumption of the diode bar; at a fiber-laser output power of 7.5 W, the EMSP diode bar consumed 41 W of electrical power (18% electrical-to-optical efficiency). When end pumped using a formatted diode bar, the fiber laser consumed 96 W at 7.5 W output power, a factor of 2.3 less efficient, and the electrical-to-optical slope efficiency was lower by a factor of 2.0. Passive-fiber measurements showed that the EMSP alignment sensitivity is nearly identical for a single emitter as for the ten-emitter bar. EMSP is the only method capable of directly launching the unformatted output of a diode bar directly into DCF (including glass-clad DCF), enabling fabrication of low-cost, simple, and compact, diode-bar-pumped fiber lasers and amplifiers. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Moore, SW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, PO Box 969,MS 9056, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Tunnermann, Andreas/K-6453-2016 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6566-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6453 BP K4530 EP K4530 AR 64530K DI 10.1117/12.702015 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BGC70 UT WOS:000246052100015 ER PT B AU Haaland, DM AF Haaland, David M. GP Soc Image Sci & Technol TI Hyperspectral imaging: Converting colors to molecular information SO FIFTEENTH COLOR IMAGING CONFERENCE: COLOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING SYSTEMS, TECHNOLOGIES, AND APPLICATIONS, FINAL PROGRAM AND PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Color Imaging Conference 2007 CY NOV 05-09, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Soc Informat Display, Inter Soc Color Council, Imaging Soc Japan, Royal Photog Soc Great Britian AB We have developed several hyperspectral fluorescence microscopes. For each pixel (2D) or voxel (3D) within the sped. men, a hyperspectral microscope will collect hundreds of wavelengths throughout the spectrum. Our new microscopes can record the entire emission spectrum from 500 nm to 800 nm for every location in the image. Both microscopes are being used in biological research projects such as genomic analyses, interactions of pathogens with the innate immune system, and carbon sequestration from the atmosphere by photosynthetic bacteria. One of our microscopes is a 3D confocal fluorescence microscope that can optically section live cells with submicron spatial resolution. When coupled with multivariate curve resolution (MCR) analysis methods, the new microscope can "discover," quantify, and resolve multiple spatially and spectrally overlapped emission components, thereby greatly increasing the number of fluorescent labels that can be monitored simultaneously. The design and operation of the microscope will be discussed along with the multivariate methods used to analyze the hyperspectral images. The utility of the new approach will be demonstrated with hyperspectral images of live Synechocystis cells. Synechocystis is a cyanobacterium, a class of organisms responsible for a large fraction of carbon sequestration from the atmosphere. In these experiments, cells from wild type and from mutants lacking a photosystem or a step in chlorophyll biosynthesis were imaged to better understand relative concentrations and spatial distributions of photosynthetic pigments in these bacteria. Hyperspectral images obtained from biological systems including microarrays for whole genome gene expression analyses, interaction of bacteria pathogens with macrophage cells, growth of biofilms on water purification membranes, and cell signaling in rat basophilic leukemia cells labeled with multiple-color quantum dots will also be presented. The new microscope and associated multivariate analyses constitute an enabling new technology for cell imaging and for understanding a variety of molecular and physical processes occurring in live cells. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-ACO4-94AL85000. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Haaland, DM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC IMAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PI SPRINGFIELD PA 7003 KILWORTH LANE, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22151 USA BN 978-0-89208-275-9 PY 2007 BP 288 EP 288 PG 1 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGY85 UT WOS:000251393000054 ER PT S AU Meegan, C Bhat, N Connaughton, V Briggs, M Diehl, R Fishman, G Greiner, J Kippen, RM von Kienlin, A Kouveliotou, C Lichti, G Paciesas, W Preece, R Steinle, H Wilson-Hodge, C AF Meegan, Charles Bhat, Narayana Connaughton, Valerie Briggs, Michael Diehl, Roland Fishman, Gerald Greiner, Jochen Kippen, R. Marc von Kienlin, Andreas Kouveliotou, Chryssa Lichti, Giselher Paciesas, William Preece, Robert Steinle, Helmut Wilson-Hodge, Colleen BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI The GLAST Burst Monitor SO FIRST GLAST SYMPOSIUM SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE gamma-ray bursts; instrumentation ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; HIGH-ENERGY AB The GLAST Burst Monitor (GBM) comprises an array of NaI and BGO scintillation detectors designed to enhance the scientific return from GLAST in the study of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). By observing in the 10 keV to 30 MeV energy range, GBM extends the spectral coverage of GRBs more than 3 decades below the LAT energy threshold. GBM computes burst locations on-board, allowing repointing of the GLAST Observatory to place strong bursts within the LAT field-of-view to observe delayed high-energy emission. C1 [Meegan, Charles; Kouveliotou, Chryssa; Wilson-Hodge, Colleen] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, VP62, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Kippen, R. Marc] Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bhat, Narayana; Connaughton, Valerie; Briggs, Michael; Paciesas, William; Preece, Robert] Univ Alabama, NSSTC, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Diehl, Roland; Greiner, Jochen; von Kienlin, Andreas; Lichti, Giselher; Steinle, Helmut] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Meegan, C (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, VP62, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. OI Preece, Robert/0000-0003-1626-7335 FU our home institutions and our contractors.; BMBF via the DLR [50 QV 0301] FX The GBM science team appreciates the excellent engineering support provided by our home institutions and our contractors. Crismatec manufactured the crystal assemblies. Jena-Optronic GmbH produced the detector electronics and integrated and tested the detector assemblies. EADS Astrium designed, built and tested the Power Box. Southwest Research Institute designed, built, and tested the DPU. The German part of the GBM project was supported by the BMBF via the DLR under the contract number 50 QV 0301. NR 4 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 13 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700003 ER PT S AU Digel, SW AF Digel, Seth W. BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI Galactic diffuse emissions SO First GLAST Symposium SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE gamma rays; cosmic rays; diffuse background; interstellar medium; gamma ray telescope ID GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; COSMIC-RAY; MOLECULAR GAS; EGRET OBSERVATIONS; MILKY-WAY; GALAXY; ASTRONOMY; MONOCEROS; SATELLITE; SPECTRUM AB Interactions of cosmic rays with interstellar nucleons and photons make the Milky Way a bright, diffuse source of high-energy gamma-rays. Observationally, the results from EGRET, COMPTEL, and OSSE have now been extended to higher energies by ground-based experiments, with detections of diffuse emission in the Galactic center reported by H.E.S.S. in the range above 100 GeV and of diffuse emission in Cygnus by MILAGRO in the TeV range. In the range above 100 keV, INTEGRAL SPI has found that diffuse emission remains after point sources are accounted for. I will summarize current knowledge of diffuse gamma-ray emission from the Milky Way and review some open issues related to the diffuse emission - some old, like the distribution of cosmic-ray sources and the origin of the 'excess' of GeV emission observed by EGRET, and some recently recognized, like the amount and distribution of molecular hydrogen not traced by CO emission - and anticipate some of the advances that will be possible with the Large Area Telescope on GLAST. We plan to develop an accurate physical model for the diffuse emission, which will be useful for detecting and accurately characterizing emission from Galactic point sources as well as any Galactic diffuse emission from exotic processes, and for studying the unresolved extragalactic emission. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Digel, SW (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 117 EP 121 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700027 ER PT S AU Wai, LL AF Wai, Lawrence L. CA GLAST LAT Collaboration BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI GLAST LAT searches for particle dark matter: An experimental point of view SO First GLAST Symposium SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE dark matter; gamma-ray; WIMP ID GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; GALACTIC-CENTER; EGRET; ANNIHILATION; LIMITS AB The Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) Large Area Telescope (LAT) has the opportunity to contribute to the discovery of the nature of dark matter, mainly if dark matter is composed of new Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). We outline the basic signatures, strategies, and experimental challenges for dark matter detection. We describe the various search techniques being developed within GLAST and how they compare with one another. We discuss the future need for precision follow-up observations of potential GLAST dark matter sources. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wai, LL (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 139 EP 141 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700032 ER PT S AU Koushiappas, SM AF Koushiappas, Savvas M. BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI Detecting the dark matter via the proper motion of gamma-rays from microhalos SO First GLAST Symposium SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE dark matter; galactic halos; gamma-ray sources ID EARLY UNIVERSE; HALO AB I discuss the prospects for detecting the dark matter via the proper motion of sub-solar mass dark matter halos 14 in the vicinity of the solar neighbourhood. Microhalos that survive tidal disruption could exhibit proper motion of order few arcminutes per year. For dark matter particles that couple to photons, such as the lightest supersymmetric or Kaluza-Klein particles, microhalos could be detected via their gamma-ray photon emission from annihilations. A detection of proper motion of a microhalo in the gamma-ray part of the spectrum contains not only information about the particle physics properties of the dark matter particle, but also provides an insight into hierarchical structure formation at very early times. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Koushiappas, SM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 142 EP 144 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700033 ER PT S AU Tajima, H Finazzi, S Cohen-Tanugi, J Chiang, J Kamae, T AF Tajima, Hiroyasu Finazzi, Stefano Cohen-Tanugi, Johann Chiang, James Kamae, Tuneyoshi BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI Studies of EGRET sources with a novel image restoration technique SO FIRST GLAST SYMPOSIUM SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE image processing; mathematical procedures; computer techniques; gamma-ray sources AB We have developed an image restoration technique based on the Richardson-Lucy algorithm optimized for GLAST-LAT image analysis. Our algorithm is original since it utilizes the PSF (point spread function) that is calculated for each event. This is critical for EGRET and GLAST-LAT image analysis since the PSF depends on the energy and angle of incident gamma-rays and varies by more than one order of magnitude. EGRET and GLAST-LAT image analysis also faces Poisson noise due to low photon statistics. Our technique incorporates wavelet filtering to minimize noise effects. We present studies of EGRET sources using this novel image restoration technique for possible identification of extended gamma-ray sources. C1 [Tajima, Hiroyasu] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Chiang, James] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Tajima, H (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Finazzi, Stefano/0000-0002-3525-3249 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 187 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700045 ER PT S AU Lott, B Carson, J Ciprini, S Dermer, CD Giommi, P Madejski, G Lonjou, V Reimer, A AF Lott, B. Carson, J. Ciprini, S. Dermer, C. D. Giommi, P. Madejski, G. Lonjou, V. Reimer, A. CA GLAST-LAT Sci Working Grp BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI Studying gamma-ray Blazars with the GLAST-LAT SO FIRST GLAST SYMPOSIUM SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE active Galaxy Nuclei; gamma-rays ID EMISSION AB Thanks to its sensitivity, the GLAST LAT should detect many more (upwards of a thousand) gamma-ray blazars than currently known. This large blazar sample will enable detailed population studies to be carried out. Moreover, the LAT large field-of-view combined with the scanning mode will provide a very uniform exposure over the sky, allowing a constant monitoring of all detected blazars and flare alerts to be issued. Major specific issues regarding the blazar phenomenon that the LAT data should shed light on thanks to these capabilities are discussed, as well as the different approaches foreseen to address them. The associated data required in other hands, to be collected in contemporaneous/simultaneous muldwavelength campaigns are mentioned as well. C1 [Lott, B.; Lonjou, V.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CENBG, CNRS, IN2P3,UMR5797, BP 120, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Lott, B.; Carson, J.; Madejski, G.] SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ciprini, S.] Univ Perugia, INFN, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Dermer, C. D.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Giommi, P.] ESRIN, ASDC ASI, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Reimer, A.] KIPAC, HEPL, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Lott, B (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux 1, CENBG, CNRS, IN2P3,UMR5797, BP 120, F-33175 Gradignan, France. OI giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 347 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700091 ER PT S AU Stawarz, L Kirk, JG AF Stawarz, Lukasz Kirk, John G. BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI Automatic quenching of high energy gamma-ray sources by synchrotron photons SO FIRST GLAST SYMPOSIUM SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE radiation mechanisms : non-thermal; gamma-rays : theory AB We investigate a magnetized plasma in which injected high energy gamma-rays annihilate on a soft photon field, that is provided by the synchrotron radiation of the created pairs. For a very wide range of magnetic fields, this process involves gamma-rays between 0.3 GeV and 30 TeV. We derive a simple dynamical system for this process, analyze its stability to runaway production of soft photons and paris, and find conditions for it to automatically quench by reaching a steady state with an optical depth to photon-photon annihilation larger than unity. C1 [Stawarz, Lukasz; Kirk, John G.] Stanford Univ, SLAC, KIPAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Stawarz, L (reprint author), Stanford Univ, SLAC, KIPAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Kirk, John/A-8901-2013 OI Kirk, John/0000-0002-9859-0496 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 361 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700098 ER PT S AU Stawarz, L Kneiske, TM Kataoka, J AF Stawarz, L. Kneiske, T. M. Kataoka, J. BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI Direct and reprocessed gamma-ray emission of kpc-scale jets in FR I radio galaxies SO FIRST GLAST SYMPOSIUM SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE radiation mechanisms : non-thermal; galaxies : active; galaxies : jets; gamma-rays : theory ID ABSORPTION AB We discuss the contribution of kiloparsec-scale jets in FR I radio galaxies to the diffuse gamma-ray background radiation. The analyzed gamma-ray emission comes from inverse-Compton scattering of starlight photon fields by the ultrarelativistic electrons whose synchrotron radiation is detected from such sources at radio, optical and X-ray energies. We find that these objects, under the minimum-power hypothesis (corresponding to a magnetic field of 300 mu G in the brightest knots of these jets), can contribute about one percent to the extragalactic gamma-ray background measured by EGRET. We point out that this result already indicates that the magnetic fields in kpc-scale jets of low-power radio galaxies are not likely to be smaller than 10 mu G on average, as otherwise the extragalactic gamma-ray background would be overproduced. C1 [Stawarz, L.; Kneiske, T. M.; Kataoka, J.] Stanford Univ, SLAC, KIPAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Stawarz, L (reprint author), Stanford Univ, SLAC, KIPAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. OI Kneiske, Tanja M./0000-0002-3210-6200 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 363 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700099 ER PT S AU Carson, JE Chiang, J Bottcher, M AF Carson, Jennifer E. Chiang, James Bottcher, Markus BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI Probing AGN broad line regions with LAT observations of FSRQs SO FIRST GLAST SYMPOSIUM SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr AB The GLAST Large Area Telescope (LAT) is expected to detect gamma-ray emission from over a thousand active galaxies[1, 2], many of which will be flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs). A commonly assumed ingredient of leptonic models of FRSQs is the contribution to the gamma-ray flux from external inverse-Compton (EIC) scattering of photons from the broad line region (BLR) material by relativistic electrons and positrons in the jet. Here we explore the effect of the BLR geometry on the high-energy emission from FSRQs. C1 [Carson, Jennifer E.] SLAC, 2575 Sand Hill Rd,MS 29, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Chiang, James] CRESST UMBC, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chiang, James] SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Bottcher, Markus] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Carson, JE (reprint author), SLAC, 2575 Sand Hill Rd,MS 29, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 375 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700105 ER PT S AU Walker, GP AF Walker, Gary P. CA Milagro Collaboration BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI A Milagro survey of the TeV gamma-ray sky SO First GLAST Symposium SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE gamma-ray astronomy; gamma-ray sources; extensive air shower detectors ID BACKGROUND REJECTION TECHNIQUE; CYGNUS REGION; EMISSION; GALAXY AB Milagro is a TeV gamma-ray observatory with a similar to 2 sr field of view and a > 90% duty factor. A previous all-sky survey showed that Milagro is capable of detecting bright sources like the Crab Nebula and Markarian 421 [1]. However, recent improvements to the detector and in the analysis have further increased the sensitivity by a factor of similar to 2.5. These improvements are briefly described, and the results of a 6-year all-sky survey are shown. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Walker, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 383 EP 384 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700109 ER PT S AU Dubois, R AF Dubois, Richard CA LAT Collaboration BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI Prospects for observations of microquasars with GLAST SO First GLAST Symposium SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr AB The Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) is a next generation high energy gamma-ray observatory due for launch in Fall 2007. The primary instrument is the Large Area Telescope (LAT), which will measure gamma-ray flux and spectra from 20 MeV to > 300 GeV and is a successor to the highly successful EGRET experiment on CGRO. The LAT will have better angular resolution, greater effective area, wider field of view and broader energy coverage than any previous experiment in this energy range. This poster will present performance estimates with particular emphasis on how these apply to studies of microquasars. The LAT's scanning mode will provide unprecedented unformity of sky coverage and permit measurements of light curves for any source. We will show results from recent detailed simulations that illustrate the potential of the LAT to observe microquasar variability and spectra, including source sensitivity and ability to detect orbital modulation. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Dubois, R (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 389 EP 390 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700112 ER PT S AU Dingus, BL AF Dingus, Brenda L. CA HAWC Collaboration BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI HAWC (high altitude water Cherenkov) observatory for surveying the TeV sky SO First GLAST Symposium SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE gamma rays; cosmic rays; instrumentation ID GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; REGION AB The HAWC observatory is a proposed, large field of view (similar to 2 sr), high duty cycle (> 95%) TeV gamma-ray detector which uses a large pond of water (150 in x 150 in) located at 4300 in elevation. The pond contains 900 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) to observe the relativistic particles and secondary gamma rays in extensive air showers. This technique has been used successfully by the Milagro observatory to detect known, as well as new, TeV sources. The PMTs and much of the data acquisition system of Mlagro will be reused for HAWC, resulting in a cost effective detector (similar to 6M$) that can be built quickly in 2-3 years. The improvements of HAWC will result in similar to 15 times the sensitivity of Milagro. HAWC will survey 2 pi sr of the sky every day with a sensitivity of the Crab flux at a median energy of 1 TeV. After five years of operation half of the sky will be surveyed to 20 mCrab. This sensitivity will likely result in the discovery of new sources as well as allow the identification of which GLAST sources extend to higher energies. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dingus, BL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Dingus, Brenda/0000-0001-8451-7450 NR 2 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 438 EP 439 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700136 ER PT S AU Briggs, MS Connaughton, V Paciesas, W Preece, R Meegan, CA Fishman, G Kouveliotou, C Wilson-Hodge, C Diehl, R Greiner, J von Kienlin, A Lichti, G Steinle, H Kippen, RM AF Briggs, M. S. Connaughton, V. Paciesas, W. Preece, R. Meegan, C. A. Fishman, G. Kouveliotou, C. Wilson-Hodge, C. Diehl, R. Greiner, J. von Kienlin, A. Lichti, G. Steinle, H. Kippen, R. M. BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI GLAST burst monitor on-board triggering, locations and event classification SO FIRST GLAST SYMPOSIUM SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE GLAST; GBM; gamma-ray bursts; flight software AB We report on how the the GLAST Burst Monitor (GBM) Flight Software will detect gamma-ray rate increases, a process known as "triggering", and on how the Flight Software will locate and classify the causes of the triggers. C1 [Preece, R.] Univ Alabama, NSSTC, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Wilson-Hodge, C.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Steinle, H.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Kippen, R. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Briggs, MS (reprint author), Univ Alabama, NSSTC, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. OI Preece, Robert/0000-0003-1626-7335 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 450 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700142 ER PT S AU Karlsson, N Cohen-Tanugi, J Kamae, T Tajima, H AF Karlsson, Niklas Cohen-Tanugi, Johann Kamae, Tuneyoshi Tajima, Hiroyasu BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI Simulation of gamma rays from proton interaction in local galaxies SO FIRST GLAST SYMPOSIUM SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE cosmic rays; galaxies; gamma rays ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; NEUTRAL PION-DECAY; SPECTRA AB The GLAST Large Area Telescope will provide unprecedented opportunities to detect cosmic GeV gamma rays, thanks to its large effective area, field of view and angular resolution compared with earlier telescopes. We present here the possibility of detecting GeV gamma rays produced by interactions of accelerated protons (or hadrons) with surrounding ambient material. Sources where such detection could be made include local galaxies, such as the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), molecular clouds and other extended sources. We have calculated the expected gamma-ray spectrum for an isotropic distribution of protons in the LMC and simulated a one-year GLAST-LAT observation. C1 [Karlsson, Niklas; Cohen-Tanugi, Johann; Kamae, Tuneyoshi; Tajima, Hiroyasu] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Karlsson, Niklas] AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Royal Inst Technol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Cohen-Tanugi, Johann; Kamae, Tuneyoshi; Tajima, Hiroyasu] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94025 USA. RP Karlsson, N (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. FU Commonwealth of Australia FX The Australia Telescope Compact Array (ACTA) and the Parkes telescope are part of the Australia Telescope which is funded by the Commonwealth of Australia for operation as a National Facility managed by CSIRO NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 486 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700160 ER PT S AU Moskalenko, IV Strong, AW Digel, SW Porter, TA AF Moskalenko, Igor V. Strong, Andrew W. Digel, Seth W. Porter, Troy A. CA GLAST LAR Collaboration BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI Developing the galactic diffuse emission model for the GLAST large area telescope SO FIRST GLAST SYMPOSIUM SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE gamma rays; cosmic rays; diffuse background; interstellar medium; gamma ray telescope ID CONTINUUM GAMMA-RAYS; MILKY-WAY; PROPAGATION; GALAXY AB Diffuse emission is produced in energetic cosmic ray (CR) interactions, mainly protons and electrons, with the interstellar gas and radiation field and contains the information about particle spectra in distant regions of the Galaxy. It may also contain information about exotic processes such as dark matter annihilation, black hole evaporation etc. A model of the diffuse emission is important for determination of the source positions and spectra. Calculation of the Galactic diffuse continuum gamma-ray emission requires a model for CR propagation as the first step. Such a model is based on theory of particle transport in the interstellar medium as well as on many kinds of data provided by different experiments in Astrophysics and Particle and Nuclear Physics. Such data include: secondary particle and isotopic production cross sections, total interaction nuclear cross sections and lifetimes of radioactive species, gas mass calibrations and gas distribution in the Galaxy (H-2, H 1, H II), interstellar radiation field, CR source distribution and particle spectra at the sources, magnetic field, energy losses, gamma-ray and synchrotron production mechanisms, and many other issues. We are continuously improving the GALPROP model and the code to keep up with a flow of new data. Improvement in any field may affect the Galactic diffuse continuum gamma-ray emission model used as a background model by the GLAST LAT instrument. Here we report about the latest improvements of the GALPROP and the diffuse emission model. C1 [Moskalenko, Igor V.] Stanford Univ, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Moskalenko, Igor V.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Strong, Andrew W.] Max Plank Inst Extraterrestrische Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Digel, Seth W.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Porter, Troy A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Moskalenko, IV (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007 OI Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X FU NASA APRA; TAP; US Department of Energy FX IVM is supported in part by NASA APRA grant, TAP is supported in part by the US Department of Energy. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 490 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700162 ER PT S AU Moiseev, A Ormes, JF Funk, S AF Moiseev, Alexander Ormes, J. F. Funk, Stefan CA LAT Collaboration BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI LAT perspectives in detection of high energy cosmic ray electrons SO FIRST GLAST SYMPOSIUM SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE high energy cosmic ray electrons; gamma-ray telescope ID POSITRONS AB The GLAST Large Area Telescope (LAT) science objectives and capabilities in the detection of high energy electrons in the energy range from 20 GeV to similar to 1 TeV are presented. LAT simulations are used to establish the event 14 selections. It is found that maintaining the efficiency of electron detection at the level of 30% the residual hadron contamination does not exceed 2-3% of the electron flux. LAT should collect similar to ten million of electrons with the energy above 20 GeV for each year of observation. Precise spectral reconstruction with high statistics presents us with a unique opportunity to investigate several important problems such as studying galactic models of IC radiation, revealing the signatures of nearby sources such as high energy cutoff in the electron spectrum, testing the propagation model, and searching for KKDM particles decay through their contribution to the electron spectrum. C1 [Moiseev, Alexander] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, USRA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Denver, CO USA. [Funk, Stefan] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Moiseev, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, USRA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. OI Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 500 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700167 ER PT S AU Moskalenko, IV Wai, LL AF Moskalenko, Igor V. Wai, Lawrence L. BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI Identifying dark matter burners in the Galactic center SO FIRST GLAST SYMPOSIUM SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE black hole physics; dark matter; elementary particles; stellar evolution; white dwarfs; infrared; gamma rays AB If the supermassive black hole (SMBH) at the center of our Galaxy grew adiabatically, then a dense "spike" of dark matter is expected to have formed around it. Assuming that dark matter is composed primarily of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), a star orbiting close enough to the SMBH can capture WIMPs at an extremely high rate. The stellar luminosity due to annihilation of captured WIMPs in the stellar core may be comparable to or even exceed the luminosity of the star due to thermonuclear burning. The model thus predicts the existence of unusual stars, i.e. "WIMP burners", in the vicinity of an adiabatically grown SMBH. We find that the most efficient WIMP burners are stars with degenerate electron cores, e.g. white dwarfs (WD) or degenerate cores with envelopes. If found, such stars would provide evidence for the existence of particle dark matter and could possibly be used to establish its density profile. In our previous paper we computed the luminosity from WIMP burning for a range of dark matter spike density profiles, degenerate core masses, and distances from the SMBH. Here we compare our results with the observed stars closest to the Galactic center and find that they could be consistent with WIMP burners in the form of degenerate cores with envelopes. We also cross-check the WIMP burner hypothesis with the EGRET observed flux of gamma-rays from the Galactic center, which imposes a constraint on the dark matter spike density profile and annihilation cross-section. We find that the EGRET data is consistent with the WIMP burner hypothesis. New high precision measurements by GLAST will confirm or set stringent limits on a dark matter spike at the Galactic center, which will in turn support or set stringent limits on the existence of WIMP burners at the Galactic center. C1 [Moskalenko, Igor V.] Stanford Univ, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Moskalenko, Igor V.; Wai, Lawrence L.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Wai, Lawrence L.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Moskalenko, IV (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007 OI Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X FU NASA APRA; Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford University; Department of Energy [DE-AC03-768SF00515] FX I. V. M. acknowledges partial support from a NASA APRA grant. A part of this work was done at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford University, and supported by Department of Energy contract DE-AC03-768SF00515. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 508 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700171 ER PT S AU Edmonds, Y Baltz, E Bloom, E Cohen-Tanugi, J Godfrey, G Wai, L Wang, P Scargle, J Conrad, J AF Edmonds, Y. Baltz, E. Bloom, E. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Godfrey, G. Wai, L. Wang, P. Scargle, J. Conrad, J. BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI Estimate for GLAST LAT Milky Way Dark Matter WIMP line sensitivity SO FIRST GLAST SYMPOSIUM SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE GLAST; Dark Matter; gamma rays; WIMP AB The LAT Dark Matter and New Physics Working group has been developing approaches for the indirect astrophysical detection of annihilation of dark matter. Our work has assumed that a significant component of dark matter is a new type of Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (VIM). The annihilation of two WIMPs usually results in the production of many high energy gamma rays (> 1 GeV) that can be well measured. in the GLAST LAT if present. There is also the possibility to observe gamma lines from annihilation into gamma gamma and or gamma Z final states. In popular SUSY theories these line decays occur at the 10(-4) to 10(-2) branching fraction level. Estimates of LAT sensitivity (at 5 sigma above background) and upper limits (upper limit at the 95% confidence level) to these WIMP lines will be presented. These sensitivities are given in photons/cm(2)/sec/sr and so do not depend on the VIM models. However, they do depend on the diffuse background model. The latter is derived from GALPROP[l] based on EGRET and other data in the EGRET energy range. We use extrapolations, provided by the GALPROP team to the higher energy range of 150 GeV explored in the preliminary line sensitivity study presented here. Comparison with theory depends upon the WIMP model (e.g., line energy and I or 2 lines), the DM halo model, and other astrophysics backgrounds. Thus estimates of the ability of the LAT to actually observe WIMP lines can vary over orders of magnitude depending upon which models are chosen. C1 [Edmonds, Y.; Baltz, E.; Bloom, E.; Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Godfrey, G.; Wai, L.; Wang, P.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Edmonds, Y.; Baltz, E.; Bloom, E.; Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Godfrey, G.; Wai, L.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA USA. [Scargle, J.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Conrad, J.] AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Royal Inst Technol KTH, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Edmonds, Y (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 514 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700174 ER PT S AU Bhat, PN Briggs, M Connaughton, V Diehl, R Fishman, G Greiner, J Kippen, RM von Kienlin, A Kouveliotou, C Lichti, G Meegan, C Paciesas, W Persyn, S Preece, R Steinle, H Wilson-Hodge, C AF Bhat, P. Narayana Briggs, Michael Connaughton, Valerie Diehl, Roland Fishman, Gerald Greiner, Jochen Kippen, R. Marc von Kienlin, Andreas Kouveliotou, Chryssa Lichti, Giselher Meegan, Charles Paciesas, William Persyn, Steven Preece, Robert Steinle, Helmut Wilson-Hodge, Colleen BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI GLAST burst monitor signal processing system SO FIRST GLAST SYMPOSIUM SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE glast burst monitor; gamma-my bursts; instrumentation ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; HIGH-ENERGY AB The onboard Data Processing Unit (DPU), designed and built by Southwest Research Institute, performs the high-speed data acquisition for GBM. The analog signals from each of the 14 detectors are digitized by high-speed multi-channel analog data acquisition architecture. The streaming digital values resulting from a periodic (period of 104.2 ns) sampling of the analog signal by the individual ADCs are fed to a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Real-time Digital Signal Processing (DSP) algorithms within the FPGA implement functions like filtering, thresholding, time delay and pulse height measurement. The spectral data with a 12-bit resolution are formatted according to the commandable look-up-table (LUT) and then sent to the High-speed Science-Data Bus (HSSDB, speed=1.5 MB/s) to be telemetered to ground. The DSP offers a novel feature of a commandable & constant event deadtime. The ADC non-linearities have been calibrated so that the spectral data can be corrected during analysis. The best temporal resolution is 2 mu s for the pre-burst & post-trigger time-tagged events (TTE) data. The time resolution of the binned data types is commandable from 64 msec to 1.024 s for the CTIME data (8 channel spectral resolution) and 1.024 to 32.768 s for the CSPEC data (128 channel spectral resolution). The pulse pile-up effects have been studied by Monte Carlo simulations. For a typical GRB, the possible shift in the E-peak value at high-count rates (similar to 100 kHz) is similar to 1% while the change in the single power-law index could be up to 5%. C1 [Fishman, Gerald; Kouveliotou, Chryssa; Meegan, Charles; Wilson-Hodge, Colleen] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, VP62, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Bhat, P. Narayana; Briggs, Michael; Connaughton, Valerie; Paciesas, William; Preece, Robert] Univ Alabama, NSSTC, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Diehl, Roland; Greiner, Jochen; von Kienlin, Andreas; Lichti, Giselher; Steinle, Helmut] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Kippen, R. Marc] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Persyn, Steven] Southwest Res Inst, Dept Space Syst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. RP Bhat, PN (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, VP62, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. OI Preece, Robert/0000-0003-1626-7335 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 524 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700179 ER PT S AU Borgland, AW Charles, E AF Borgland, A. W. Charles, E. CA GLAST Large Area Telescope Instrum BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI The GLAST large area telescope detector performance monitoring SO FIRST GLAST SYMPOSIUM SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE GLAST; LAT; performance; monitoring AB The Large Area Telescope (ILAT) is one of two instruments on board the Gamma-ray Large Area Telescope (GLAST.), the next generation high energy gamma-ray space telescope. The LAT contains sixteen identical towers in a four-by-four grid. Each tower contains a silicon-strip tracker and a CsI calorimeter that together will give the incident direction and energy of the pair-converting photon in the energy range 20 MeV 300 GeV. In addition, the instrument is covered by a finely segmented Anti-Coincidence Detector (ACD) to reject charged particle background. Altogether, the LAT contains more than 864k channels in the trackers, 1536 CsI crystals and 97 ACD plastic scintillator tiles and ribbons. Here we detail some of the strategies and methods for how we are planning to monitor the instrument performance on orbit. It builds on the extensive experience gained from Integration & Test and Commissioning of the instrument on ground. C1 [Borgland, A. W.; Charles, E.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Borgland, AW (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 526 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700180 ER PT S AU Cameron, RA AF Cameron, Robert A. CA GLAST LAT Instrument Sc BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI The GLAST LAT instrument science operations center SO First GLAST Symposium SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr AB The Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) is scheduled for launch in late 2007. Operations support and science data processing for the Large Area Telescope (LAT) instrument on GLAST will be provided by the LAT Instrument Science Operations Center (ISOC) at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). The ISOC supports GLAST mission operations in conjunction with other GLAST mission ground system elements and supports the research activities of the LAT scientific collaboration. The ISOC will be responsible for monitoring the health and safety of the LAT, preparing command loads for the LAT, maintaining embedded fight software which controls the LAT detector and data acquisition flight hardware, maintaining the operating configuration of the LAT and its calibration, and applying event reconstruction processing to down-linked LAT data to recover information about detected gamma-ray photons. The SLAC computer farm will be used to process LAT event data and generate science products, to be made available to the LAT collaboration through the ISOC and to the broader scientific community through the GLAST Science Support Center at NASA/GSFC. ISOC science operations will optimize the performance of the LAT and oversee automated science processing of LAT data to detect and monitor transient gamma-ray sources. C1 SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Cameron, RA (reprint author), SLAC, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 534 EP 535 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700184 ER PT S AU Case, GL Wilson-Hodge, CA Cherry, ML Kippen, RM Ling, JC Radocinski, RG Wheaton, WA AF Case, G. L. Wilson-Hodge, C. A. Cherry, M. L. Kippen, R. M. Ling, J. C. Radocinski, R. G. Wheaton, W. A. BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI Monitoring the low-energy gamma-ray sky using earth occultation with GLAST GBM SO FIRST GLAST SYMPOSIUM SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE GLAST burst monitor; gamma-ray observations; earth occultation ID CATALOG; BURST AB Long term all-sky monitoring of the 20 keV - 2 MeV gamma-ray sky using the Earth occultation technique was demonstrated by the BATSE instrument on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory. The principles and techniques used for the development of an end-to-end earth occultation data analysis system for BATSE can be extended to the GLAST Burst Monitor (GBM), resulting in multiband light curves and time-resolved spectra in the energy range 8 keV to above I MeV for known gamma-ray sources and transient outbursts, as well as the discovery of new sources of gamma-ray emission. In this paper we describe the application of the technique to the GBM. We also present the expected sensitivity for the GBM, C1 [Case, G. L.; Cherry, M. L.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Case, G. L.] Southern Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. [Wilson-Hodge, C. A.] George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Kippen, R. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ling, J. C.; Radocinski, R. G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Wheaton, W. A.] CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Case, GL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 538 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700186 ER PT S AU Chiang, J Carson, J Focke, W AF Chiang, James Carson, Jennifer Focke, Warren BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI Automated science processing for GLAST LAT data SO FIRST GLAST SYMPOSIUM SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr AB Automated Science Processing (ASP) will be performed by the GLAST Large Area Telescope (LAT) Instrument Science Operations Center (ISOC) on data from the satellite as soon as the Level 1 data are available in the ground processing pipeline. ASP will consist of time-critical science analyses that will facilitate follow-up and multi-wavelength observations of transient sources. These analyses include refinement of gamma-ray burst (GRB) positions, timing, flux and spectral properties, off-line searches for untriggered GRBs and gamma-ray afterglows, longer time scale monitoring of a standard set of sources (AGNs, X-ray binaries), and searches for previously unknown flaring sources in the LAT band. We describe the design of ASP and its scientific products; and we show results of a prototype implementation, driven by the standard LAT data processing pipeline, as applied to simulated LAT and GBM data. C1 [Chiang, James] UMBC, CRESST, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Chiang, James; Carson, Jennifer; Focke, Warren] SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Chiang, J (reprint author), UMBC, CRESST, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 544 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700189 ER PT S AU Corbet, R Dubois, R AF Corbet, Robin Dubois, Richard BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI The use of weighting in periodicity searches in all-sky monitor data: Applications to the GLAST LAT SO FIRST GLAST SYMPOSIUM SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE gamma-rays : observations; X-rays : binaries; methods : data analysis AB The light curves produced by all-sky monitors, such as the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer All-Sky Monitor and the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT), generally have non-uniform error bars. In searching for periodic modulation in this type of data using power spectra it can be important to use appropriate weighting of data points to achieve the best sensitivity. It was recently demonstrated that for Swift BAT data a simple weighting scheme can actually sometimes reduce the sensitivity of the power spectrum depending on source brightness. Instead, a modified weighting scheme, based on the Cochran semi-weighted mean, gives improved results independent of source brightness. We investigate the benefits of weighting power spectra in period searches using simulated GLAST LAT observations of gamma-ray binaries. C1 [Corbet, Robin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST USRA, Code 662,Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Dubois, Richard] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Corbet, R (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST USRA, Code 662,Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 548 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700191 ER PT S AU Hoover, AS Klimenko, A Kippen, RM Wallace, MS Pendleton, GN Meegan, CA Fishman, GJ Wilson-Hodge, CA Kouveliotou, C Lichti, GG von Kienlin, A Steinle, H Diehl, R Greiner, J Preece, RD Connaughton, V Briggs, MS Paciesas, WS Bhat, PN AF Hoover, A. S. Klimenko, A. Kippen, R. M. Wallace, M. S. Pendleton, G. N. Meegan, C. A. Fishman, G. J. Wilson-Hodge, C. A. Kouveliotou, C. Lichti, G. G. von Kienlin, A. Steinle, H. Diehl, R. Greiner, J. Preece, R. D. Connaughton, V Briggs, M. S. Paciesas, W. S. Bhat, P. N. BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI Validation of the GLAST burst monitor instrument response simulation software SO FIRST GLAST SYMPOSIUM SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE GLAST; burst monitor; simulation; validation AB The GLAST Burst Monitor (GBM) comprises 12 NaI and 2 BGO detectors dispersed about the GLAST spacecraft. The GBM instrument simulation software must generate an accurate response function database for all detectors in their flight configuration to optimize the mission science return. Before science analysis codes use the response database, we must confirm that our simulation codes and models can reproduce laboratory observations. To validate the simulation effort, Monte Carlo results are compared to calibrated laboratory measurements collected with a variety of radiation sources. C1 [Hoover, A. S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Pendleton, G. N.] Dynet Inc, Huntsville, AL USA. [Meegan, C. A.; Fishman, G. J.; Wilson-Hodge, C. A.; Kouveliotou, C.] NASA, Natl Space Sci Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. [Lichti, G. G.; von Kienlin, A.; Steinle, H.; Diehl, R.; Greiner, J.] Max Planck Inst Extraterrestrische Phys, Garching, Germany. [Preece, R. D.; Connaughton, V; Briggs, M. S.; Paciesas, W. S.; Bhat, P. N.] Univ Alabama, Natl Space Sci Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Hoover, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. OI Preece, Robert/0000-0003-1626-7335 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 552 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700193 ER PT S AU Kuehn, F Bonnell, J Hughes, R Norris, J Ritz, S Russell, J Smith, P Winer, B AF Kuehn, Frederick Bonnell, Jerry Hughes, Richard Norris, Jay Ritz, Steven Russell, James Smith, Patrick Winer, Brian BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI LAT onboard science: Gamma-ray burst identification SO FIRST GLAST SYMPOSIUM SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE gamma-ray bursts; GLAST AB The main goal of the Large Area Telescope (LAT) onboard science program is to provide quick identification and localization of Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB) onboard the LAT for follow-up observations by other observatories. The GRB identification and localization algorithm will provide celestial coordinates with an error region that will be distributed via the Gamma ray burst Coordinate Network (GCN). We present results that show our sensitivity to bursts as characterized using Monte Carlo simulations of the GLAST observatory. We describe and characterize the method of onboard track determination and the GRB identification and localization algorithm. Onboard track determination is considerably different than in the on-ground case, resulting in a substantially altered point spread function. The algorithm contains tunable parameters which may be adjusted after launch when real bursts characteristics at very high energies have been identified. C1 [Kuehn, Frederick; Hughes, Richard; Smith, Patrick; Winer, Brian] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bonnell, Jerry; Ritz, Steven] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Norris, Jay] Univ Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Ritz, Steven] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Russell, James] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kuehn, F (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 556 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700195 ER PT S AU Lott, B Ballet, J Chiang, J Lonjou, V Funk, S AF Lott, B. Ballet, J. Chiang, J. Lonjou, V. Funk, S. BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI A set of tools for determining the LAT performance in specific applications SO FIRST GLAST SYMPOSIUM SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE gamma-rays AB The poster presents a set of simple tools being developed to predict GLAST's performance for specific cases, like the accumulation time needed to reach a given significance or statistical accuracy for a particular source. Different examples are given, like the generation of a full-sky sensitivity map. C1 [Lott, B.; Lonjou, V.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS UMR 5797, IN2P3, CENBG, BP 120, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Lott, B.; Funk, S.] SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 9402 USA. [Ballet, J.] CEA Saclay, DSM DAPNIA Sap, UMR 7158, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Chiang, J.] UMBC, CRESST, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Lott, B (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS UMR 5797, IN2P3, CENBG, BP 120, F-33175 Gradignan, France. OI Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 558 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700196 ER PT S AU Paneque, D Borgland, A Bovier, A Bloom, E Edmonds, Y Funk, S Godfrey, G Rando, R Wai, L Wang, P AF Paneque, D. Borgland, A. Bovier, A. Bloom, E. Edmonds, Y. Funk, S. Godfrey, G. Rando, R. Wai, L. Wang, P. CA GLAST BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI Novel technique for monitoring the performance of the LAT instrument on board the GLAST satellite SO FIRST GLAST SYMPOSIUM SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE GLAST; LAT; random forest; gamma-ray astronomy AB The Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) is an observatory designed to perform gamma-ray astronomy in the energy range 20 MeV to 300 GeV, with supporting measurements for gamma-ray bursts from 10 keV to 25 MeV GLAST will be launched at the end of 2007, opening a new and important window on a wide variety of high energy astrophysical phenomena. The main instrument of GLAST is the Large Area Telescope (LAT), which provides break-through high-energy measurements using techniques typically used in particle detectors for collider experiments. The LAT consists of 16 identical towers in a four-by-four grid, each one containing a pair conversion tracker and a hodoscopic crystal calorimeter, all covered by a segmented plastic scintillator anti-coincidence shield. The scientific return of the instrument depends very much on how accurately we know its performance, and how well we can monitor it and correct potential problems promptly. We report on a novel technique that we are developing to help in the characterization and monitoring of LAT by using the power of classification trees to pinpoint in a short time potential problems in the recorded data. The same technique could also be used to evaluate the effect on the overall LAT performance produced by potential instrumental problems. C1 [Paneque, D.; Borgland, A.; Bovier, A.; Bloom, E.; Edmonds, Y.; Funk, S.; Rando, R.; Wai, L.; Wang, P.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Rando, R.] Univ Padua, I-35100 Padua, Italy. RP Paneque, D (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 562 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700198 ER PT S AU Steinle, H von Kienlin, A Bissaldi, E Lichti, G Diehl, R Greiner, J Meegan, CA Fishman, GJ Kouveliotou, C Wilson-Hodge, CA Paciesas, WS Preece, RD Briggs, MS Bhat, PN Connaughton, V Kippen, RM Hoover, AS AF Steinle, Helmut von Kienlin, Andreas Bissaldi, Elisabetta Lichti, Giselher Diehl, Roland Greiner, Jochen Meegan, Charles A. Fishman, Gerald J. Kouveliotou, Chryssa Wilson-Hodge, Colleen A. Paciesas, William S. Preece, Robert D. Briggs, Michael S. Bhat, P. Narayana Connaughton, Valerie Kippen, R. Marc Hoover, Andrew S. BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI Understanding the GLAST Burst Monitor detector calibration: A detailed simulation of the calibration including the environment SO First GLAST Symposium SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE gamma rays; gamma ray bursts; instruments; detectors; simulation AB The GLAST Burst Monitor (GBM) is the secondary instrument on NASA's next Gamma-ray mission GLAST. It will enhance the capabilities of GLAST by locating and detecting cosmic gamma-ray bursts at lower energies by the use of 12 NaI detectors (energy range 10 keV to 1 MeV) and 2 BGO-detectors (energy range 150 keV to 30 MeV). GBM was built in a close collaboration between the WE and the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). The angular and energy response of each GBM detector has been calibrated using various radioactive sources at different incidence angles relative to the detector in a laboratory environment at the MPE in 2005. To facilitate the understanding of the reconstruction of the detector response, a detailed simulation of the whole laboratory environment and the setup of the calibration source were performed. A modified version of the CERN GEANT 4 simulation software (provided by collaborators at the Los Alamos National Laboratory) was used. C1 Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Steinle, H (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RI Bissaldi, Elisabetta/K-7911-2016; OI Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106; Preece, Robert/0000-0003-1626-7335 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 572 EP 573 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700203 ER PT S AU von Kienlin, A Fishman, GJ Briggs, MS Godfrey, GL Steinle, H AF von Kienlin, Andreas Fishman, Gerald J. Briggs, Michael S. Godfrey, Gary L. Steinle, Helmut BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI High-energy calibration of a BGO detector of the GLAST Burst Monitor SO First GLAST Symposium SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE instruments : GLAST, GBM; calibration AB The understanding of the instrumental response of the GLAST Burst Monitor BGO detectors at energies above the energy range which is accessible by common laboratory radiation sources (< 4.43 MeV), is important, especially for the later cross-calibration with the LAT response in the overlap region between similar to 20 MeV to 30 MeV. In November 2006 the high-energy calibration of the GBM-BGO spare detector was performed at the small Van-de-Graaff accelerator at SLAC. High-energy gamma-rays from excited Be-8* (14.6 MeV and 17.5 MeV) and O-16* (6.1 MeV) were generated through (p, gamma)-reactions by irradiating a LiF-target. For the calibration at lower energies radioactive sources were used. The results, including spectra, the energy/channel-relation and the dependence of energy resolution are presented. C1 Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Univ Alabama, NSSTC, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP von Kienlin, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr, D-85748 Garching, Germany. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 576 EP 577 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700205 ER PT S AU von Kienlin, A Bissaldi, E Lichti, GG Steinle, H Krumrey, M Gerlach, M Fishman, GJ Meegan, C Bhat, N Briggs, MS Diehl, R Connaughton, V Greiner, J Kippen, RM Kouveliotou, C Paciesas, W Preece, R Wilson-Hodge, C AF von Kienlin, Andreas Bissaldi, Elisabetta Lichti, Giselher G. Steinle, Helmut Krumrey, Michael Gerlach, Martin Fishman, Gerald J. Meegan, Charles Bhat, Narayana Briggs, Michael S. Diehl, Roland Connaughton, Valerie Greiner, Jochen Kippen, R. Marc Kouveliotou, Chryssa Paciesas, William Preece, Robert Wilson-Hodge, Colleen BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI Calibration of the GLAST Burst Monitor detectors SO First GLAST Symposium SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE instruments : GLAST, GBM; calibration AB The GLAST Burst Monitor (GBM) will augment the capabilities of GLAST for the detection of cosmic gamma-ray bursts by extending the energy range (20 MeV to > 300 GeV) of the Large Area Telescope (LAT) towards lower energies by 2 BGO-detectors (150 keV to 30 MeV) and 12 Nal(TI) detectors (10 keV to 1 MeV). The physical detector response of the GBM instrument for GRBs is determined with the help of Monte Carlo simulations, which are supported and verified by on-ground calibration measurements, performed extensively with the individual detectors at the WE in 2005. All flight and spare detectors were irradiated with calibrated radioactive sources in the laboratory (from 14 keV to 4.43 MeV). The energy/channel-relations, the dependences of energy resolution and effective areas on the energy and the angular responses were measured. Due to the low number of emission lines of radioactive sources below 100 keV, calibration measurements in the energy range from 10 keV to 60 keV were performed with the X-ray radiometry working group of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) at the BESSY synchrotron radiation facility, Berlin. C1 Max Planck Inst Extraterrest Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Univ Alabama, NSSTC, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP von Kienlin, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterrest Phys, Giessenbachstr, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RI Krumrey, Michael/G-6295-2011; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/K-7911-2016; OI Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106; Preece, Robert/0000-0003-1626-7335 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 578 EP 579 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700206 ER PT S AU Wallace, MS Kippen, RM Hoover, AS Pendleton, GW Meegan, CA Fishman, GJ Wilson-Hodge, CA Kouveliotou, C Lichti, GGT von Kienlin, A Steinle, W Diehl, RT Greiner, P Preece, RW Connaughton, V Briggs, MV Paciesas, WS Bhat, PN AF Wallace, M. S. Kippen, R. M. Hoover, A. S. Pendleton, G. W. Meegan, C. A. Fishman, G. J. Wilson-Hodge, C. A. Kouveliotou, C. Lichti, G. G. T. von Kienlin, A. Steinle, W. Diehl, R. T. Greiner, P. Preece, R. W. Connaughton, V. Briggs, M. V. Paciesas, W. S. Bhat, P. N. BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI Full spacecraft source modelling and validation for the GLAST Burst Monitor SO First GLAST Symposium SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE GLAST; burst monitor; simulations; validation AB The GLAST Burst Monitor (GBM) consists of 12 NaI detectors and 2 BGO detectors mounted on two sides of the spacecraft. This provides detection capability for energies between 10 keV and 30 MeV, and sensitivity to all directions in the sky. Extensive measurements using radioactive sources have been performed on the isolated detectors. Simulations of these measurements using the GEANT4 Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations toolset have also been preformed. For gammaray burst the spacecraft itself will have a significant impact on the detector response, therefore the final stage of validations involves measuring the detector response to radioactive sources after the spacecraft is fully assembled, and validating the results using simulation. Details of these simulations win be given in this paper. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Dynet Inc, Huntsville, AL USA. NASA, Natl Space Sci Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterrest Phys, Garching, Germany. Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Natl Space Sci Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Wallace, MS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 580 EP 581 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700207 ER PT S AU Wang, P Wai, L Bloom, E AF Wang, Ping Wai, Larry Bloom, Elliott CA GLAST LAT Collaboration BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI Analysis methods for Milky Way dark matter satellite detection SO First GLAST Symposium SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE GLAST; WIMP; dark matter; indirect detection ID CLUSTER HALOES; SUBSTRUCTURE; EVOLUTION; GALAXY AB The Gamma Ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) Large Area Telescope (LAT) Dark Matter and New Physics Working group has been developing approaches for the indirect detection of in situ annihilation of dark matter. Our work has assumed that a significant component of dark matter is a new type of Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) in the 100GeV mass range. The annihilation of two WIMPs results in the production of a large number of high energy gamma rays (> IGeV) that can be well measured by the GLAST LAT. The cold dark matter model implies a significant number of as yet unobserved dark matter satellites in our galaxy. The spectra of these galactic satellites are considerably harder than most, if not all, astrophysical sources, have an end point at the mass of the WIMP, and are not power laws. We describe a preliminary feasibility study for the indirect detection of dark matter satellites in the Milky Way using the GLAST LAT. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Wang, P (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 582 EP 583 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700208 ER PT S AU Thompson, DJ Charles, E Hartman, RC Moiseev, AA Ormes, JF AF Thompson, D. J. Charles, E. Hartman, R. C. Moiseev, A. A. Ormes, J. F. CA GLAST LAT Collaboration BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI Performance of the anti-coincidence detector on the GLAST Large Area Telescope SO First GLAST Symposium SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE gamma rays; telescopes; anticoincidence AB The Anti-Coincidence Detector (ACD), the outermost detector layer in the Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) Large Area Telescope (LAT), is designed to detect and veto incident cosmic ray charged particles, which outnumber cosmic gamma rays by 3-4 orders of magnitude. The challenge in ACD design is that it must have high (0.9997) detection efficiency for singly-charged relativistic particles, but must also have a low probability for self-veto of high-energy gammas by backsplash radiation from 14 interactions in the LAT calorimeter. Simulations and tests demonstrate that the ACD meets its design requirements. The performance of the ACD has remained stable through stand-alone environmental testing, shipment across the U.S., installation onto the LAT, shipment back across the U.S., LAT environmental N testing, and shipment to Arizona. As part of the fully-assembled GLAST observatory, the ACD is being readied for final testing before launch. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RP Thompson, DJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Thompson, David/D-2939-2012 OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 588 EP 589 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700211 ER PT S AU Kippen, RM Hoover, AS Wallace, MS Pendleton, GN Meegan, CA Fishman, GJ Wilson-Hodge, CA Kouveliotou, C Lichti, GG von Kienlin, A Steinle, H Diehl, R Greiner, J Preece, RD Connaughton, V Briggs, MS Paciesas, WS Bhat, PN AF Kippen, R. M. Hoover, A. S. Wallace, M. S. Pendleton, G. N. Meegan, C. A. Fishman, G. J. Wilson-Hodge, C. A. Kouveliotou, C. Lichti, G. G. von Kienlin, A. Steinle, H. Diehl, R. Greiner, J. Preece, R. D. Connaughton, V. Briggs, M. S. Paciesas, W. S. Bhat, P. N. BE Ritz, S Michelson, P Meegan, C TI Instrument response modelling and simulation for the GLAST Burst Monitor SO First GLAST Symposium SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st GLAST Symposium CY FEB 05-08, 2007 CL Stanford, CA SP US DOE, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, NASA, GLAST Project, Goddard Space Flight Ctr DE GLAST; simulation; gamma-ray bursts AB The GLAST Burst Monitor (GBM) is designed to provide wide field of view observations of gamma-ray bursts and other fast transient sources in the energy range 10 keV to 30 MeV. The GBM is composed of several unshielded and uncollimated scintillation detectors (twelve NaI and two BGO) that are widely dispersed about the GLAST spacecraft. As a result, reconstructing source locations, energy spectra, and temporal properties from GBM data requires detailed knowledge of the detectors' response to both direct radiation as well as that scattered from the spacecraft and Earth's atmosphere. This full GBM instrument response will be captured in the form of a response function database that is derived from computer modeling and simulation. The simulation system is based on the GEANT4 Monte Carlo radiation transport simulation toolset, and is being extensively validated against calibrated experimental GBM data. We discuss the architecture of the GBM simulation and modeling system and describe how its products will be used for analysis of observed GBM data. Companion papers describe the status of validating the system. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NSSTC, NASA, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Alabama, NSSTC, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Kippen, RM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0431-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 921 BP 590 EP 591 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGN18 UT WOS:000248569700212 ER PT S AU Simms, LM Figer, DF Hanold, BJ Kerr, DJ Gilmore, DK Kahn, SM Tyson, JA AF Simms, Lance M. Figer, Donald F. Hanold, Brandon J. Kerr, Daniel J. Gilmore, D. Kirk Kahn, Steven M. Tyson, J. Anthony BE Grycewicz, TJ Marshall, CJ Warren, PG TI First use of a HyViSI H4RG for astronomical observations - art. no. 66900H SO Focal Plane Arrays for Space Telescopes III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Focal Plane Arrays for Space Telescopes III CY AUG 27-28, 2007 CL San Diego, CA DE H4RG; HyViSI pin array; SIDECAR ASIC ID VIEW AB We present the first astronomical results from a 4K(2) Hybrid Visible Silicon PIN array detector (HyViSI) read out with the Teledyne Scientific and Imaging SIDECAR ASIC. These results include observations of astronomical standards and photometric measurements using the 2.1m KPNO telescope. We also report results from a test program in the Rochester Imaging Detector Laboratory (RIDL), including: read noise, dark current, linearity, gain, well depth, quantum efficiency, and substrate voltage effects. Lastly, we highlight results from operation of the detector in window read out mode and discuss its potential role for focusing, image correction, and use as a telescope guide camera. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Simms, LM (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6838-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6690 BP H6900 EP H6900 AR 66900H DI 10.1117/12.740088 PG 33 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering; Optics GA BGX10 UT WOS:000251052300014 ER PT S AU Endicott-Popovsky, B Frincke, DA AF Endicott-Popovsky, Barbara Frincke, Deborah A. BE Schmorrow, DD Reeves, LM TI Embedding hercule poirot in networks: Addressing inefficiencies in digital forensic investigations SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Foundation of Augmented Cognition CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE network forensics; digital forensics; computer crime; augmented cognition AB Forensic investigations on networks are not scalable in terms of time and money [1]. Those investigations that do occur consume months of attention from the very experts who should be investing in more productive activities, like designing and improving network performance [1]. Given these circumstances, organizations often must select which cases to pursue, ignoring many that could be prosecuted, if time allowed. Recognizing the exponential growth in the number of crimes that employ computers and networks that become subject to digital evidence procedures, researchers and practitioners, alike, have called for embedding forensics-essentially integrating the cognitive skills of a detective into the network [2, 3, 4]. The premise is that the level of effort required to document incidents can thus be reduced, significantly. This paper introduces what technical factors might reflect those detecting skills, leading to solutions that could offset the inefficiencies of current practice. C1 [Endicott-Popovsky, Barbara] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Frincke, Deborah A.] Pacific Northwest Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Endicott-Popovsky, B (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM endicott@u.washington.edu; deborah.frincke@pnl.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-73215-0 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2007 VL 4565 BP 364 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BGK68 UT WOS:000248044600041 ER PT S AU Forsythe, C Berka, C Matthews, R Wagner, J AF Forsythe, Chris Berka, Chris Matthews, Robert Wagner, John BE Schmorrow, DD Reeves, LM TI Making the giant leap with augmented cognition technologies: What will be the first "Killer app"? SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Foundation of Augmented Cognition CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE augmented cognition; human factors; ergonomics; design; computer science; neurotechnology; killer app ID WAVELET TRANSFORM; EEG; SIGNALS AB This paper highlights key topic areas to be discussed the authors in a panel format during the Augmented Cognition thematic area paper session: "Augmented Cognition Lessons Learned and Future Directions for Enabling 'Anyone, Anytime, Anywhere' Applications". The term "killer app" has been part of the vernacular in the commercial computer software and electronic devices industry to refer to breakthrough technologies [2]. A "killer app" generally emerges with the development of related technologies that extends over some time and involves numerous variations on a basic concept. Hypotheses may be offered with respect to the conditions that will be needed to enable a similar situation with augmented cognition technologies. This paper and resulting panel session will address the numerous concepts that have emerged from the augmented cognition field to date and postulate how and when this field's first "killer app" may emerge (e.g., 5, 10, 15, or more years from now). C1 [Forsythe, Chris; Wagner, John] Sandia Natl Labs, MS1188, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Berka, Chris] Adv Brain Monitoring, Inc, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. [Matthews, Robert] QUASAR, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Forsythe, C (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS1188, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jcforsy@sandia.gov; chris@b-alert.com; robm@quasarusa.com; jswagne@sandia.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-73215-0 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2007 VL 4565 BP 434 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BGK68 UT WOS:000248044600050 ER PT S AU Glass, SJ Tandon, R Heller, D AF Glass, S. Jill Tandon, Rajan Heller, Daimon BE Varner, JR Quinn, GD Wightman, M TI CHARACTERIZATION OF CRACK BRANCHING AND FRAGMENTATION PATTERNS FOR ION-EXCHANGED GLASS SO FRACTOGRAPHY OF GLASSES AND CERAMICS V SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on the Fractography of Glasses and Ceramics CY JUL 09-13, 2006 CL Rochester, NY AB The crack branching behavior of residually stressed glass disks was analyzed as a function of the residual central tension. Sets of glass disks were ion-exchanged in potassium nitrate for a range of times, resulting in central tension values from 44.4 to 63.4 MPa. Fragmentation of samples was initiated with a Vickers diamond indenter. The methodology used to characterize the fragmentation patterns is described. Over the stress range probed, the crack branching angle was not a function of the central stress, averaging around 40 degrees for 1(st) order alpha cracks and 30 degrees for second order alpha cracks. At each branching event trifurcation was common, with one new crack forming on each side of the initial crack. C1 [Glass, S. Jill; Tandon, Rajan] Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Reliabil Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Heller, Daimon] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65409 USA. RP Glass, SJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Reliabil Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-0-470-09737-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2007 VL 199 BP 407 EP + PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BTR51 UT WOS:000287890300033 ER PT J AU Dragutan, I Mehlhorn, RJ AF Dragutan, Ileana Mehlhorn, Rolf J. TI Modulation of oxidative damage by nitroxide free radicals SO FREE RADICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE oxoammonium; nitroxide; thiol oxidation; oxidative damage ID OXOAMMONIUM CATION; CYCLIC NITROXIDES; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SUPEROXIDE; REDUCTION; MECHANISM; ALCOHOLS; KINETICS; TEMPO AB Piperidine nitroxides like 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy ( TEMPO) are persistent free radicals in non-acidic aqueous solutions and organic solvents that may have value as therapeutic agents in medicine. In biological environments, they undergo mostly reduction to stable hydroxylamines but can also undergo oxidation to reactive oxoammonium compounds. Reactions of the oxoammonium derivatives could have adverse consequences including chemical modification of vital macromolecules and deleterious effects on cell signaling. An examination of their reactivity in aqueous solution has shown that oxoammonium compounds can oxidize almost any organic as well as many inorganic molecules found in biological systems. Many of these reactions appear to be one-electron transfers that reduce the oxoammonium to the corresponding nitroxide species, in contrast to a prevalence of two-electron reductions of oxoammonium in organic solvents. Amino acids, alcohols, aldehydes, phospholipids, hydrogen peroxide, other nitroxides, hydroxylamines, phenols and certain transition metal ions and their complexes are among reductants of oxoammonium, causing conversion of this species to the paramagnetic nitroxide. On the other hand, thiols and oxoammonium yield products that cannot be detected by ESR even under conditions that would oxidize hydroxylamines to nitroxides. These products may include hindered secondary amines, sulfoxamides and sulfonamides. Thiol oxidation products other than disulfides cannot be restored to thiols by common enzymatic reduction pathways. Such products may also play a role in cell signaling events related to oxidative stress. Adverse consequences of the reactions of oxoammonium compounds may partially offset the putative beneficial effects of nitroxides in some therapeutic settings. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Romanian Acad, Inst Organ Chem, Bucharest 060023, Romania. RP Mehlhorn, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rjmehlhorn@lbl.gov NR 41 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1071-5762 J9 FREE RADICAL RES JI Free Radic. Res. PY 2007 VL 41 IS 3 BP 303 EP 315 DI 10.1080/10715760601089356 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 155OZ UT WOS:000245588800008 PM 17364959 ER PT S AU Erberich, SG Silverstein, JC Chervenak, A Schuler, R Nelson, MD Kesselman, C AF Erberich, Stephan G. Silverstein, Jonathan C. Chervenak, Ann Schuler, Robert Nelson, Marvin D. Kesselman, Carl BE Jacq, N Muller, H Blanquer, I Legre, Y Breton, V Hausser, D Hernandez, V Solomonides, T HofmannApitius, M TI Globus MEDICUS - Federation of DICOM Medical Imaging Devices into Healthcare Grids SO FROM GENES TO PERSONALIZED HEALTHCARE: GRID SOLUTIONS FOR THE LIFE SCIENCES SE Studies in Health Technology and Informatics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th HealthGrid Conference CY APR 24-27, 2007 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND SP Microsoft, Novartis DE DICOM Grid; Medical Image Grid; Protected Health Information; Grid PACS AB The Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard defines Radiology medical device interoperability and image data exchange between modalities, image databases - Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) - and image review end-points. However the scope of DICOM and PACS technology is Currently limited to the trusted and static environment of the hospital. In order to meet the demand for ad-hoc tele-radiology and image guided medical procedures within the global healthcare enterprise, a new technology must provide mobility, security, flexible scale of operations, and rapid responsiveness for DICOM medical devices and subsequently medical image data. Grid technology, an informatics approach to securely federate independently operated computing, storage, and data management resources at the global scale over public networks, meets these core requirements. Here we present an approach to federate DICOM and PACS devices for large-scale medical image workflows within a global healthcare enterprise. The Globus MEDICUS (Medical Imaging and Computing for Unified Information Sharing) project uses the standards-based Globus Toolkit Grid infrastructure to vertically integrate a new service for DICOM devices - the DICOM Grid Interface Service (DGIS). This new service translates between DICOM and Grid operations and thus transparently extends DICOM to Globus based Grid infrastructure. This Grid image workflow paradigm has been designed to provide not only solutions for global image communication, but fault-tolerance and disaster recovery using Grid data replication technology. Actual use-case of 40 MEDICUS Grid connected international hospitals of the Childerns Oncology Group and the Neuroblastoma Cancer Foundation and further clinical applications are discussed. The open-source Globus MEDICUS project is available at http://dev.globus.org/wiki/Incubator/MEDICUS. C1 [Erberich, Stephan G.; Nelson, Marvin D.] Univ Southern Calif, Keck Sch Med, Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Dept Radiol, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Erberich, Stephan G.] Vitterbi Sch Engn, Dept Biomed Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Silverstein, Jonathan C.] Univ Chicago, Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Surg, Chicago, IL USA. [Silverstein, Jonathan C.] Univ Chicago, Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Radiol, Chicago, IL USA. [Silverstein, Jonathan C.] Univ Chicago, Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Computat Inst, Chicago, IL USA. [Chervenak, Ann; Schuler, Robert; Kesselman, Carl] Inst Informat Sci, Ctr Grid Technol, Div Adv Syst, Marina Del Rey, CA USA. RP Erberich, SG (reprint author), Univ Southern Calif, Keck Sch Med, Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Dept Radiol, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. OI Kesselman, Carl/0000-0003-0917-1562 FU DICOM; National Institute of Health [UO1-CA97452]; New Approaches to Neuroblastoma Therapy (NANT) consortium from the Children's Neuroblastoma Cancer Foundation FX The authors would like to acknowledge Gaurang Mehta for his generous help with GT4 coding, installing, and advice. Thanks to Dr. David Clunie for his support with DICOM and his open-source PixelMed Java Dicom toolkit ( www.pixelmed.com). This work is supported by a grant of the National Institute of Health, UO1-CA97452, and by an award to the New Approaches to Neuroblastoma Therapy (NANT) consortium from the Children's Neuroblastoma Cancer Foundation (cncf-childcancer.org). NR 15 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-9630 BN 978-1-58603-738-3 J9 STUD HEALTH TECHNOL PY 2007 VL 126 BP 269 EP + PG 2 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Medical Informatics SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Medical Informatics GA BMO59 UT WOS:000273131200028 PM 17476069 ER PT S AU Coker, EN AF Coker, Eric N. BE Xu, R Gao, Z Chen, J Yan, W TI Ion exchange equilibria and kinetics in zeolites: influences of framework flexibility and charge density SO FROM ZEOLITES TO POROUS MOF MATERIALS: THE 40TH ANNIVERSARY OF INTERNATIONAL ZEOLITE CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS OF THE 15TH INTERNATIONAL ZEOLITE CONFERENCE SE Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Zeolite Conference CY AUG 12-17, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA ID CATION EXCHANGE; DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS; BERYLLOPHOSPHATE-G; THEORETICAL RATES; POROUS CRYSTALS; NA-P; THERMOCHEMISTRY; THERMODYNAMICS; CHABAZITE; EU-1 AB A few areas of research pioneered by Richard M. Barrer will be discussed in relation to Barrer's original publications, and the work of others influenced by his work. Particular aspects of ion exchange equilibria discussed include zeolite framework flexibility leading to limited mutual miscibility of end members of exchange reactions and the ramifications to ion exchange behaviour, and the effect of framework charge density on ion exchange. A brief discussion of the kinetics of exchange into materials with high charge density is given. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Coker, EN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM encoker@sandia.gov NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2991 BN 978-0-444-53068-4 J9 STUD SURF SCI CATAL PY 2007 VL 170 BP 110 EP 120 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BVJ35 UT WOS:000291657600008 ER PT S AU Nenoff, TM Ockwig, NW Alam, TM Hartl, M Daemen, LL AF Nenoff, Tina M. Ockwig, Nathan W. Alam, Todd M. Hartl, Monika Daemen, Luke L. BE Xu, R Gao, Z Chen, J Yan, W TI The role of water in zeolite pores: the structure/property relationship for ion exchange SO FROM ZEOLITES TO POROUS MOF MATERIALS: THE 40TH ANNIVERSARY OF INTERNATIONAL ZEOLITE CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS OF THE 15TH INTERNATIONAL ZEOLITE CONFERENCE SE Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Zeolite Conference CY AUG 12-17, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA ID OCTAHEDRAL MOLECULAR-SIEVES AB The role of occluded water in the ion exchange selectivity of molecular sieves is studied in detail with Sandia Octahedral Molecular Sieves (SOMS). SOMS exhibit a high selectivity for divalent cations only when the framework Nb(V) are substituted by M(IV) atoms. Vibrational dynamics of the water molecules of the SOMS with varying charge balancing cations and M atoms are studied by inelastic neutron scattering (INS) measurements. The experimental INS spectra were compared with those of ice Ih to characterize the structural changes induced by confinement on the H2O hydrogen-bonding network. Data indicate that with increasing M(IV) content, a tendency of water molecules to restore the bulk-like arrangements and increased solvation effects on the channel cations [1]. Data are complimented with further characterization by MAS NMR. C1 [Nenoff, Tina M.; Ockwig, Nathan W.; Alam, Todd M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Sci Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Alam, Todd M.; Hartl, Monika; Daemen, Luke L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 12, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nenoff, TM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Sci Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Hartl, Monika/F-3094-2014; Hartl, Monika/N-4586-2016 OI Hartl, Monika/0000-0002-6601-7273; Hartl, Monika/0000-0002-6601-7273 FU DOE's National Nuclear Security Administration [DEAC04-94AL85000]; Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Los Alamos National Security LLC DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. DOE's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DEAC04-94AL85000. This work has benefited from the use of the Manuel Lujan, Jr. Neutron Scattering Center at LANSCE, which is funded by the Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2991 BN 978-0-444-53068-4 J9 STUD SURF SCI CATAL PY 2007 VL 170 BP 790 EP 795 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BVJ35 UT WOS:000291657600100 ER PT S AU Gu, XH Dong, JH Nenoff, TM Ozokwelu, DE AF Gu, Xuehong Dong, Junhang Nenoff, Tina M. Ozokwelu, Dickson E. BE Xu, R Gao, Z Chen, J Yan, W TI Separation of p-Xylene from multicomponent vapor mixtures using tubular MFI zeolite membranes SO FROM ZEOLITES TO POROUS MOF MATERIALS: THE 40TH ANNIVERSARY OF INTERNATIONAL ZEOLITE CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS OF THE 15TH INTERNATIONAL ZEOLITE CONFERENCE SE Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Zeolite Conference CY AUG 12-17, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA AB MFI zeolite membranes have been synthesized on tubular alpha-alumina substrates to investigate the separation of p-xylene (PX) from m-xylene (MX) and o-xylene (OX) in multicomponent mixtures and ranges of feed pressure and operating temperature. 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene was added to the feed stream for online membrane modification. Separation of PX from MX and OX through the MFI membranes relies primarily on shape-selectivity when the xylene sorption level in the zeolite is sufficiently low. For an eight-component mixture containing hydrogen, hydrocarbons, PX, MX, and OX, PX/(MX+OX) selectivity of 7.71 with PX flux of 6.8 x 10(-6) mol/m(2).s was obtained at 250 degrees C and atmospheric feed pressure. C1 [Gu, Xuehong; Dong, Junhang] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Nenoff, Tina M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Ozokwelu, Dickson E.] US DOE, Ind Technol Program, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Gu, XH (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM tmnenof@sandia.gov FU Industrial Technologies Programs (ITP) of the U.S. DOE; NETL/DOE [DE-FC26-04NT15548] FX This research was sponsored by the Industrial Technologies Programs (ITP) of the U.S. DOE and also partially supported by the NETL/DOE (DE-FC26-04NT15548). Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. DOE's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04- 94AL85000. The compositions of the multicomponent mixtures were kindly provided by TEMEC Corp., VA, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2991 BN 978-0-444-53068-4 J9 STUD SURF SCI CATAL PY 2007 VL 170 BP 949 EP 954 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BVJ35 UT WOS:000291657600122 ER PT S AU Broach, RW Gatter, MG Greenlay, N Wilson, ST Yang, N Karapetrova, J Zschack, P AF Broach, R. W. Gatter, M. G. Greenlay, N. Wilson, S. T. Yang, N. Karapetrova, J. Zschack, P. BE Xu, R Gao, Z Chen, J Yan, W TI Diffusion pathway for propylene adsorption in AlPO-14 characterized by molecular modeling and in situ synchrotron powder diffraction SO FROM ZEOLITES TO POROUS MOF MATERIALS: THE 40TH ANNIVERSARY OF INTERNATIONAL ZEOLITE CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS OF THE 15TH INTERNATIONAL ZEOLITE CONFERENCE SE Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Zeolite Conference CY AUG 12-17, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA ID SEPARATION; PROPANE/PROPYLENE; SORBENTS AB The detailed structures of AlPO-14 in N-2, propane and propylene were determined under various pressures and temperatures using an in situ reactor and synchrotron radiation. N2 and propane did not significantly modify the AlPO-14 structure, whereas complex changes were observed on adsorption of propylene. For samples with high propylene loading, the locations of the propylene molecules in the pores were found by difference Fourier analyses and refined by Rietveld methods. Theoretical modeling using the determined structures showed that < 11-1 > is the most likely diffusion path for propylene in AlPO-14. The adsorption of propylene appeared to modify the pore openings and retard desorption. C1 [Broach, R. W.; Gatter, M. G.; Greenlay, N.; Wilson, S. T.] UOP LLC, 25 E Algonquin Rd, Des Plaines, IL 60017 USA. [Yang, N.] Bruker AXS Inc, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Karapetrova, J.; Zschack, P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Broach, RW (reprint author), UOP LLC, 25 E Algonquin Rd, Des Plaines, IL 60017 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2991 BN 978-0-444-53068-4 J9 STUD SURF SCI CATAL PY 2007 VL 170 BP 994 EP 999 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BVJ35 UT WOS:000291657600129 ER PT S AU Yan, WF Chen, B Mahurin, SM Overbury, SH Dai, S AF Yan, Wenfu Chen, Bei Mahurin, Shannon M. Overbury, Steven H. Dai, Sheng BE Xu, R Gao, Z Chen, J Yan, W TI Gold supported on microporous aluminophosphate AlPO4-H1 for selective oxidation of CO in a H-2-rich stream SO FROM ZEOLITES TO POROUS MOF MATERIALS: THE 40TH ANNIVERSARY OF INTERNATIONAL ZEOLITE CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS OF THE 15TH INTERNATIONAL ZEOLITE CONFERENCE SE Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Zeolite Conference CY AUG 12-17, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA ID TEMPLATE-FREE SYNTHESIS; LOW-TEMPERATURE; AU CATALYSTS; FRAMEWORK ALUMINOPHOSPHATE; MOLECULAR-SIEVE; FUEL-CELLS; TIO2; NANOPARTICLES; BROOKITE AB Both CO oxidation and selective CO oxidation reactions were carried out over an Au catalyst supported on a non-oxide microporous aluminophosphate zeolite (Au-AlPO4-H1). The addition of H-2 in reactant gas streams prevented the Au-AlPO4-H1 catalyst from deactivation. The high efficiency of Au-AlPO4-H1 catalyst for preferential CO oxidation in hydrogen (PROX process) highlights new opportunities in the development of non-oxide supports for Au catalysts. These new catalysts can be potentially used in PROX process for removal of CO. C1 [Yan, Wenfu; Mahurin, Shannon M.; Overbury, Steven H.; Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Yan, Wenfu] Jilin Univ, Coll Chem, State Key Lab Inorgan Synth & Preparat Chem, Changchun 130012, Peoples R China. [Chen, Bei] Morton Grove Pharmaceut Inc, Res & Dev Lab, Vernon Hills, IL 60061 USA. RP Yan, WF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dais@ornl.gov RI Overbury, Steven/C-5108-2016; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Overbury, Steven/0000-0002-5137-3961; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory Postdoctoral Research Associates Program; Institute for Science and Education and Oak Ridge National Laboratory FX This work was conducted at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory and supported by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy,under contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. This research was supported in part by an appointment for W. Y., B. C., and S. M. to the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Postdoctoral Research Associates Program administered jointly by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2991 BN 978-0-444-53068-4 J9 STUD SURF SCI CATAL PY 2007 VL 170 BP 1065 EP 1071 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BVJ35 UT WOS:000291657600139 ER PT S AU Coker, EN Steen, WA Miller, JE AF Coker, Eric N. Steen, William A. Miller, James E. BE Xu, R Gao, Z Chen, J Yan, W TI Zeolite-templated electrocatalysts for fuel cells SO FROM ZEOLITES TO POROUS MOF MATERIALS: THE 40TH ANNIVERSARY OF INTERNATIONAL ZEOLITE CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS OF THE 15TH INTERNATIONAL ZEOLITE CONFERENCE SE Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Zeolite Conference CY AUG 12-17, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA ID AREA MICROPOROUS CARBON; OXYGEN REDUCTION; PARTICLE-SIZE; PLATINUM NANOPARTICLES; DISPERSED PLATINUM; CATALYTIC-ACTIVITY; METAL-CLUSTERS; SILICA; CHEMISORPTION; IMPREGNATION AB A method for the preparation of size-controlled Pt clusters on nanostructured carbon is described. The carbon possesses tunable micro-and meso-porosity, and forms an integrated matrix around the size-controlled Pt clusters. The process involves stabilization of Pt clusters in a zeolite host, pore-filling of the host with a carbon precursor, pyrolysis, and removal of the host. The properties of the catalysts vary over a wide range depending on the precise synthesis conditions. On one end of the spectrum, Pt clusters as small as 1.4 nm (average), with narrow size distribution in intimate contact with a predominantly microporous carbon network are obtained; on the other end, Pt clusters of average size 2.0 nm were obtained within a hybrid microporous/mesoporous carbon matrix. Low-angle X-ray diffraction shows periodic nanostructuring (d similar to 1.4 nm) for Pt/C with Pt loadings <= 17 wt.-%, which is confirmed by TEM imaging. Electrochemical evaluation showed these catalysts to have high electro-active surface areas, and to be at least as active as a commercial Pt/C in the reduction of oxygen. C1 [Coker, Eric N.; Steen, William A.; Miller, James E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Coker, EN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM encoker@sandia.gov RI Miller, James/C-1128-2011 OI Miller, James/0000-0001-6811-6948 NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2991 BN 978-0-444-53068-4 J9 STUD SURF SCI CATAL PY 2007 VL 170 BP 1552 EP 1557 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BVJ35 UT WOS:000291657600208 ER PT S AU Lai, CY Wu, CW Radu, DR Trewyn, BG Lin, VSY AF Lai, C. -Y. Wu, C. -W. Radu, D. R. Trewyn, B. G. Lin, V. S. -Y. BE Xu, R Gao, Z Chen, J Yan, W TI Reversible binding and fluorescence energy transfer between surface-derivatized CdS nanoparticles and multi-functionalized fluorescent mesoporous silica nanospheres SO FROM ZEOLITES TO POROUS MOF MATERIALS: THE 40TH ANNIVERSARY OF INTERNATIONAL ZEOLITE CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS OF THE 15TH INTERNATIONAL ZEOLITE CONFERENCE SE Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Zeolite Conference CY AUG 12-17, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA ID SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; STABILITY; PARTICLES; CLUSTERS; MCM-41; FILMS AB A MCM-41 types of Mesoporous Silica Nanosphere material (MSN) covalently anchored with a fluorescent dye (Texas Red (TM)) is synthesized. The Texas-Red-doped MSNs is also functionalized with a second organic group, i.e., mercaptopropyl or aminopropyl functionalities. These organic groups of the resulting bifunctional MSNs are utilized as reversible linkers to entrap two corresponding surface-derivatized cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles. The kinetics of encapsulation and release as well as the photophysical properties of the photoluminescent quantum dots and the MSN composites are investigated by examining the fluorescence resonance energy transfer between the two species. We demonstrated that the fluorescence energy transfer between CdS and Texas Red molecules can be "switched off" by chemically cleaving the covalent linkage between the mesopore-entrapped CdS and the fluorescent MSN. Our results indicated that these MSN materials provided with proper pore-surface functional groups could serve as reversible hosts to entrap and release surface-derivatized cadmium sulfide nanoparticles. C1 [Lai, C. -Y.; Wu, C. -W.; Radu, D. R.; Trewyn, B. G.; Lin, V. S. -Y.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, US DOE Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lai, CY (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, US DOE Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2991 BN 978-0-444-53068-4 J9 STUD SURF SCI CATAL PY 2007 VL 170 BP 1827 EP 1835 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BVJ35 UT WOS:000291657600244 ER PT B AU Krommes, JA AF Krommes, John A. BE Denier, J Frederiksen, JS TI THE TRANSITION TO ION-TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT-DRIVEN PLASMA TURBULENCE SO FRONTIERS IN TURBULENCE AND COHERENT STRUCTURES SE World Scientific Lecture Notes in Complex Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Turbulence and Coherent Structures in Fluids, Plasmas and Nonlinear Media CY JAN 10-13, 2006 CL Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Res Council, Complex Open Syst Network, CSIRO, Complex Syst Sci HO Australian Natl Univ ID TOKAMAK TURBULENCE; ZONAL FLOWS; SIMULATIONS; TRANSPORT; MODELS AB Recent advances in the understanding of the transition to collisionless ion-temperature-gradient-driven (ITG) plasma turbulence are described. A brief introduction to the physics of ITG modes is provided, then a model nonlinear system is motivated. The results of systematic bifurcation analysis of the model are reported, with emphasis on the unusual properties of the center manifold stemming from the existence of undamped zonal flows. The model is shown to exhibit a "Dimits shift" of the critical temperature gradient for the onset of ITG activity similar to that observed in large computer simulations and understood to be due to the excitation of zonal flows by a transient burst of ITG activity. For the model, the shift can be calculated from first principles. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Krommes, JA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451,MS 28, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM krommes@princeton.edu NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-270-393-4 J9 WORLD SCI LECT NOTES PY 2007 VL 6 BP 443 EP 456 DI 10.1142/9789812771025_0019 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BJA21 UT WOS:000264098100019 ER PT S AU Lucovsky, G Seo, H Fleming, LB Ulrich, MD Luening, J AF Lucovsky, G. Seo, H. Fleming, L. B. Ulrich, M. D. Luening, J. BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Spectroscopic studies of band edge electronic states in elemental high-k oxide dielectrics on Si and Ge substrates SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAR 27-29, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SEMATECH, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Semicond Res Corp, Semicond Int, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Appl Mat, Bede, J A Woollam Co Inc, Omicron Nanototechnol, Solid State Measurement Inc DE length scales of order; spectroscopic studies; nano-crystalline elemental oxides AB This paper uses X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and vacuum ultra-violet spectroscopic ellipsometry to distinguish between i) non-crystallinity, and ii) nano-crystallinity in transition metal (TM) elemental oxides. Near edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy is used to distinguish between two different scales of nano-crystalline order. The observation of band edge Jahn-Teller splittings in anti-bonding states with TM p-character correlate with the observation of nano-crystalline-order that can be detected by X-ray diffraction, and establish a length scale for order, lambda(s) > 3 to 4 nm, The suppression of J-T splittings, and a spectral broadening is associated with reduced nano-crystalline order that can be detected by atomic-scale imaging and/or extended X-ray absorption spectroscopy for lambda(s) < similar to 2.5 nm. These different states of nano-crystalline grain-size order for addressed in elemental transition metal oxides on both Si and Ge substrates. C1 [Lucovsky, G.; Seo, H.; Fleming, L. B.; Ulrich, M. D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Box 8202, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Luening, J.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lucovsky, G (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Box 8202, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. FU ONR; SRC; ARO; AFOSR FX Supported by ONR, SRC, ARO and AFOSR. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0441-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 931 BP 315 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BGW68 UT WOS:000250957600051 ER PT J AU McArthur, JV Mills, GL AF McArthur, J. Vaun Mills, Gary L. TI Detrital lipid dynamics in a blackwater stream: comparison of fast and slow decomposing leaves SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lipids; hydrocarbons; wax esters; fatty acid methyl esters; triglycerides; fatty acids; alcohols; sterols; monoglycerides; diglycerides; polar lipids; litter decomposition; TLC-FlD; Iatroscan; Chromarods ID ORGANIC-MATTER; WAX ESTERS; MARINE; ECOSYSTEMS; SEDIMENTS; SHREDDER; ATLANTIC; ACID AB Temporal changes in eight different lipid classes (hydrocarbons, wax esters, triglycerides, fatty acids, alcohols, sterols, monoglycerides, diglycerides, and polar lipids) were followed during decomposition of two different species of leaves (water oak, Quercus nigra, and sweetgum, Liquidambar styraciflua) in a southeastern blackwater stream using chromarod thin-layer chromatography with flame ionization detection (TLC-FID). Differences were observed between the two species in the initial quantity and changes over time of the major lipid classes. These differences in specific classes may contribute to some of the observed patterns in rates of decomposition. However, total lipid concentrations were fairly similar between the two leaf species over time. TLC-FlD was shown to be an effective tool in monitoring the dynamics of leaf lipids during decomposition. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP McArthur, JV (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM McArthur@srel.edu NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1863-9135 J9 FUND APPL LIMNOL JI Fundam. Appl. Limnol. PY 2007 VL 168 IS 2 BP 137 EP 143 DI 10.1127/1863-9135/2007/0168-0137 PG 7 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 158QA UT WOS:000245804900003 ER PT J AU Chimney, MJ Herring, MK Bowers, JA AF Chimney, Michael J. Herring, Mary K. Bowers, James A. TI Instar determination, length-mass and length-length relationships for the larvae of Chaoborus punctipennis Say from a southeastern (USA) cooling reservoir SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allometry; Chaoborus punctipennis; instar determination; length-length regression; length-mass regression; mass estimate ID DRY-WEIGHT; BODY DIMENSIONS; MACROINVERTEBRATES; DIPTERA; LAKE; INVERTEBRATES; POPULATIONS; ZOOPLANKTON; PREDATION; INSECTS AB Instar determination, length-mass and length-length relationships for Chaoborus punctipennis Say larvae from a southeastern (USA) reservoir are described. Only head capsule length proved useful in determining instar stage. Power functions best fit length-length relationships among head capsule length, thorax width and body length. Power functions of body length, total length and thorax width were the best predictors of larval dry and ash-free dry mass. Thorax width may be a more reliable predictor of mass since it is not influenced by curvature of the body as body-length measurements may be. Summary statistics for head and body dimensions and length-mass regressions from this study were comparable to data in the literature for C. punctipennis. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Chimney, MJ (reprint author), 53 Maplecrest Circle, Jupiter, FL 33458 USA. EM mchimney@adelphia.net NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1863-9135 J9 FUND APPL LIMNOL JI Fundam. Appl. Limnol. PY 2007 VL 168 IS 2 BP 163 EP 168 DI 10.1127/1863-9135/2007/0168-0163 PG 6 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 158QA UT WOS:000245804900006 ER PT S AU Jakobsen, B Lienert, U Almer, J Pantleon, W Poulsen, HF AF Jakobsen, B. Lienert, U. Almer, J. Pantleon, W. Poulsen, H. F. BE Prangnell, PB Bate, PS TI Properties and dynamics of bulk subgrains probed in-situ using a novel X-ray diffraction method SO FUNDAMENTALS OF DEFORMATION AND ANNEALING SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Fundamentals of Deformation and Annealing CY SEP 05-07, 2006 CL Manchester, ENGLAND SP Novelis, EPSRC Manchester Portfolio Partnership Light Alloys Environm Sustainable Transport DE copper; dislocation structure; plastic deformation; X-ray diffraction (XRD); subgrains ID COPPER SINGLE-CRYSTALS; RANGE INTERNAL-STRESSES; DISLOCATION ARRANGEMENT; CELL STRUCTURE; ORIENTATION AB The synchrotron based X-ray diffraction method "High angular resolution 3DXRD" is briefly introduced. The technique enables the investigation of individual dislocation free regions in a dislocation structure, in-situ within the bulk. Results on the strain distribution within a single grain in a copper sample deformed in tension to 2%, and kept under load, are presented. It is found that the dislocation free regions of the dislocation structure on average are subjected to compressive strain with respect to the mean (tensile) strain in the grain. Results on the dynamics of individual dislocation free regions during straining are further reviewed, with special focus on the observation of intermittent behaviour. C1 [Jakobsen, B.; Pantleon, W.; Poulsen, H. F.] Ctr Fundamental Res Met Struct Four Dimens, Riso Natl Lab, Mat Res Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Lienert, U.; Almer, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jakobsen, B (reprint author), Ctr Fundamental Res Met Struct Four Dimens, Riso Natl Lab, Mat Res Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. EM bo.jakobsen@risoe.dk; lienert@aps.anl.gov; almer@aps.anl.gov; wolfgang.pantleon@risoe.dk; henning.friis.poulsen@risoe.dk RI Poulsen, Henning/A-4131-2012; Pantleon, Wolfgang/L-9657-2014 OI Pantleon, Wolfgang/0000-0001-6418-6260 FU Danish National Research Foundation; Danish Natural Science Research Council; U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science [W-31-109-Eng-38] FX Sample preparation was done by P. Nielsen and P. Olesen. The EM sample preparation and studies were performed by G. Christiansen and Q. Xing. This work was supported by the Danish National Research Foundation and the Danish Natural Science Research Council. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, under Contract No. W-31-109-Eng-38. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-0-87849-434-7 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 550 BP 613 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BGH39 UT WOS:000246975300088 ER PT S AU Turgeon, BG Baker, SE AF Turgeon, B. Gillian Baker, Scott E. BE Dunlap, JC TI Genetic and Genomic Dissection of the Cochliobolus heterostrophus Tox1 Locus Controlling Biosynthesis of the Polyketide Virulence Factor T-toxin SO FUNGAL GENOMICS SE Advances in Genetics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID HOST-SPECIFIC TOXIN; PATHOGEN COCHLIOBOLUS-HETEROSTROPHUS; CORN LEAF BLIGHT; MAYDIS RACE-T; MAIZE MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEIN; ENZYME-MEDIATED INTEGRATION; MALE-STERILE MAIZE; HELMINTHOSPORIUM-MAYDIS; PHYLLOSTICTA-MAYDIS; MATING-TYPE AB Fungal pathogenesis to plants is an intricate developmental process requiring biological components found in most fungi, as well as factors that are unique to fungal taxa that participate in particular fungus-plant interactions. The host-selective polyketide toxin known as T-toxin produced by Cochliobolus heterostrophus race T, a highly virulent pathogen of maize, is an intriguing example of the latter type of virulence determinant. The Tox1 locus, which controls biosynthesis of T-toxin, originally defined as a single genetic locus, it is, in fact, two exceedingly complex loci on two chromosomes that are reciprocally translocated with respect to their counterparts in weakly pathogenic race O. Race O lacks the Tox1 locus and does not produce T-toxin. Highly virulent race T was first recognized when it caused an epidemic of Southern Corn Leaf Blight, which devastated the US corn crop in 1970. The evolutionary origin of the Tox1 locus remains unknown. (C) 2007, Elsevier Inc. C1 [Turgeon, B. Gillian] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Baker, Scott E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fungal Biotechnol Team, Environm Technol Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Turgeon, BG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 125 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2660 BN 978-0-12-017657-1 J9 ADV GENET JI Adv. Genet. PY 2007 VL 57 BP 219 EP 261 DI 10.1016/S0065-2660(06)57006-3 PG 43 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA BQB50 UT WOS:000280572500006 PM 17352906 ER PT J AU Dinklage, A Ascasibar, E Beidler, CD Brakel, R Geiger, J Harris, JH Kus, A Murakami, S Okamura, S Preuss, R Sano, F Stroth, U Suzuki, Y Talmadge, J Tribaldos, V Watanabe, KY Weller, A Yamada, H Yokoyama, M AF Dinklage, A. Ascasibar, E. Beidler, C. D. Brakel, R. Geiger, J. Harris, J. H. Kus, A. Murakami, S. Okamura, S. Preuss, R. Sano, F. Stroth, U. Suzuki, Y. Talmadge, J. Tribaldos, V. Watanabe, K. Y. Weller, A. Yamada, H. Yokoyama, M. TI Assessment of global stellarator confinement. Status of the International Stellarator Confinement Database SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Stellarator Workshop CY OCT 03-07, 2005 CL Lab Nacl Fus, CIEMAT, Madrid, SPAIN HO Lab Nacl Fus, CIEMAT DE stellarator; global energy confinement time scaling; Bayesian model comparison ID ENERGY CONFINEMENT; PLASMA-CONFINEMENT; W7-AS; TRANSPORT AB Further exploration of confinement trends in the evolving International Stellarator Confinement Database is reported. The impact of configurations on confinement is confirmed, and the performance close to operational limits is discussed. Model comparison techniques allow for tests of physical models against data. Correlations of configuration-describing parameters against an empirical confinement enhancement factor are investigated. C1 EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, Greifswald, Germany. CIEMAT, EURATOM, Lab Nacl Fus, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, Japan. Natl Inst Fus Sci, Gifu 5095292, Japan. Univ Stuttgart, Inst Plasmaforsch, D-7000 Stuttgart, Germany. Univ Wisconsin, HSX Plasma Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Dinklage, A (reprint author), EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, Greifswald, Germany. EM dinklage@ipp.mpg.de RI TRIBALDOS, VICTOR/K-4299-2012; Murakami, Sadayoshi/A-2191-2016; Ascasibar, Enrique/B-7498-2014 OI TRIBALDOS, VICTOR/0000-0002-8683-9338; Murakami, Sadayoshi/0000-0002-2526-7137; Ascasibar, Enrique/0000-0001-8124-0994 NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 51 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 127PF UT WOS:000243598100003 ER PT J AU Nakajima, N Hudson, SR Hegna, CC AF Nakajima, N. Hudson, S. R. Hegna, C. C. TI Properties of ballooning modes in the planar axis heliotron configurations with a large Shafranov shift SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Stellarator Workshop CY OCT 03-07, 2005 CL Lab Nacl Fus, CIEMAT, Madrid, SPAIN HO Lab Nacl Fus, CIEMAT DE ballooning modes; interchange modes; heliotron ID HELIOTRON/TORSATRON SYSTEM; STELLARATOR; STABILITY; INSTABILITIES; EQUILIBRIA; SPECTRUM; MERCIER AB In the three-dimensional magnetic confinement configurations, the results of local mode analyses of the ballooning modes in the covering space (quasi modes) cannot be directly connected by superposition to the global mode analyses of the ballooning modes in the configuration space (physical modes) because of the lack of symmetry. However, a qualitative relation has been established to connect the quasi modes to physical modes in planar axis heliotron configurations with a large Shafranov shift. This relation is based on the topological structure of the level surfaces of the eigenvalues of the quasi modes. High-beta magnetohydrodynamic equilibria in the inward-shifted Large Helical Device configuration are examined. It is shown that the core plasma stays in the second stability, and the peripheral plasma stays near the marginally stable state against ballooning modes. C1 Natl Inst Fus Sci, Natl Inst Nat Sci, Toki 5095292, Japan. Grad Univ Adv Studies, Dept Fus Sci, SOKENDAI, Toki 5095292, Japan. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Nakajima, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Fus Sci, Natl Inst Nat Sci, 322-6 Oroshi, Toki 5095292, Japan. EM nakajima@nifs.ac.jp RI Hudson, Stuart/H-7186-2013 OI Hudson, Stuart/0000-0003-1530-2733 NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 51 IS 1 BP 79 EP 91 PG 13 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 127PF UT WOS:000243598100011 ER PT B AU Burke, DL AF Burke, David L. CA Lsst Collaboration BE Sterken, C TI Overview of photometric calibration of LSST instruments and data SO Future of Photometric, Spectrophotometric and Polarimetric Standardization SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Future of Photometric, Spectrophotometric and Polarimetric Standardization CY MAY 08-11, 2006 CL Blankenberge, BELGIUM SP Flemish Minist Foreign Policy, European Affairs, Sci & Technol, Belgian Fed Off Sci, Tech & Cultural Affairs, Interuniv Attract Poles Programme, Vrije Univ Brussels, Res Fdn Flanders ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STANDARDS; SYSTEM AB Science studies made by the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope will reach systematic limits in nearly all cases. Requirements for accurate photometric measurements are particularly challenging. Advantage will be taken of the rapid cadence and pace of the LSST survey to use celestial sources to monitor stability and uniformity of photometric data. A new technique using a tunable laser is being developed to calibrate the wavelength dependence of the total telescope and camera system throughput. Spectroscopic measurements of atmospheric extinction and emission will be made continuously to allow the broad-band optical flux observed in the instrument to be corrected to flux at the top of the atmosphere. Calibrations with celestial sources will be compared to instrumental and atmospheric calibrations. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Burke, DL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-583812-32-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 364 BP 145 EP 152 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGF80 UT WOS:000246501500012 ER PT B AU Allam, SS Deustua, SE Tucker, DL Mostek, N Richmond, MW AF Allam, S. S. Deustua, S. E. Tucker, D. L. Mostek, N. Richmond, M. W. CA SNAP Calibration Team BE Sterken, C TI SNAP candidate standard stars SO FUTURE OF PHOTOMETRIC, SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC AND POLARIMETRIC STANDARDIZATION SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Future of Photometric, Spectrophotometric and Polarimetric Standardization CY MAY 08-11, 2006 CL Blankenberge, BELGIUM SP Flemish Minist Foreign Policy, European Affairs, Sci & Technol, Belgian Fed Off Sci, Tech & Cultural Affairs, Interuniv Attract Poles Programme, Vrije Univ Brussels, Res Fdn Flanders ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY AB SNAP (Supernova Acceleration Probe) proposes to investigate the dark energy in the Universe by observing over 2000 Type la supernovae to a redshift of z = 1.7, with high precision and accurate absolute colors over the wavelength range between 0.4 to 1.70 mu m. Although many of the same calibration principles and techniques as are used on the around-based telescopes and with HST will be reused for the flux calibration of the SNAP instruments, SNAP calibration is much more challenging due to the large number of SNAP filters (9), detectors (72), and its need for fainter (V similar to 19) sets of spectrophotometric standard stars over the SNAP wavelength range. We summarize our ongoing projects for the calibration of the SNAP candidate spectrophotometric standard stars, selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, using the Double Imaging Spectrographs (optical) and the CorMass spectrograph (NIR) on the ARC 3.5-m telescope, and using the WIYN 0.9-m and 3.5-m telescopes. C1 [Allam, S. S.; Tucker, D. L.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Allam, S. S.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Deustua, S. E.] Amer Astronom Soc, Washington, DC 20009 USA. [Mostek, N.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Richmond, M. W.; SNAP Calibration Team] Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Allam, SS (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-583812-32-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 364 BP 283 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGF80 UT WOS:000246501500024 ER PT J AU Hu, Q Williams, BS Kumar, S Lee, AWM Qin, Q Reno, JL Liu, HC Wasilewski, ZR AF Hu, Q. Williams, B. S. Kumar, S. Lee, A. W. M. Qin, Q. Reno, J. L. Liu, H. C. Wasilewski, Z. R. BE Luryi, S Xu, J Zaslavsky, A TI Terahertz Quantum Cascade Lasers and Real-Time T-Ray Imaging SO FUTURE TRENDS IN MICROELECTRONICS: UP THE NANO CREEK LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LIQUID-NITROGEN TEMPERATURE; FOCAL-PLANE ARRAY; METAL WAVE-GUIDES; PHONON-SCATTERING; MU-M; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; SEMICONDUCTOR; DEPOPULATION; OPERATION; MODE C1 [Hu, Q.; Williams, B. S.; Kumar, S.; Lee, A. W. M.; Qin, Q.] MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Reno, J. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Liu, H. C.; Wasilewski, Z. R.] Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. RP Hu, Q (reprint author), MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-16826-4 PY 2007 BP 347 EP 358 D2 10.1002/9780470168264 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCJ34 UT WOS:000310280700032 ER PT S AU Chiang, J AF Chiang, James BE Axelsson, M Ryde, F TI LAT automated science processing for gamma-ray bursts SO Gamma-Ray Bursts: Prospects for Glast SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Stockholm Symposium on Gamma-Ray Bursts CY SEP 01, 2006 CL Stockholm, SWEDEN SP Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Noble Inst Phys, Stockholm Univ, Swedish Res Council, Wenner-Gren Fdn DE gamma-ray bursts ID EGRET AB The LAT Instrument Science Operations Center (ISOC) will perform various tasks to support coordination of multiwavelength observations for transient sources. In this paper, we describe the prototype implementation of the Automated Science Processing (ASP) for the detection and analysis of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in LAT and GBM data. The GRB-related tasks include: position refinement using LAT data given initial GBM or GCN locations, spectral analysis using LAT data alone, joint spectral fitting with GBM data, gamma-ray afterglow detection and characterization, and blind searches for prompt burst emission in LAT data. C1 GLAST Sci Support Ctr, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Chiang, J (reprint author), GLAST Sci Support Ctr, SLAC, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0413-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 906 BP 11 EP 17 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGG36 UT WOS:000246655200002 ER PT S AU Lichti, GG Bhat, N Briggs, M Connaughton, V Diehl, R Fishman, G Greiner, J Kippen, RM Kouveliotou, C Meegan, C Paciesas, W Preece, R Steinle, H von Kienlln, A AF Lichti, Giselher G. Bhat, N. Briggs, M. Connaughton, V. Diehl, R. Fishman, G. Greiner, J. Kippen, R. M. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, C. Paciesas, W. Preece, R. Steinle, H. von Kienlin, A. BE Axelsson, M Ryde, F TI Current status of the GBM project SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: PROSPECTS FOR GLAST SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Stockholm Symposium on Gamma-Ray Bursts CY SEP 01, 2006 CL Stockholm, SWEDEN SP Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Noble Inst Phys, Stockholm Univ, Swedish Res Council, Wenner-Gren Fdn DE instruments : GLAST; GBM; gamma-ray astronomy : bursts ID GLAST BURST MONITOR; GAMMA-RAY BURSTS AB One of the scientific goals of the Large-Area Telescope (LAT) on GLAST is the study of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in the energy range from similar to 20 MeV to similar to 300 GeV. In order to extend the energy measurement towards lower energies a secondary instrument, the GLAST Burst Monitor (GBM), will measure GRBs from similar to 10 keV to similar to 30 MeV and will therefore allow the investigation of the relation between the keV and the MeV-GeV emission from GRBs over more than six energy decades. These unprecedented measurements will furthermore permit the exploration of the unknown aspects of the high-energy burst emission. The status of the GBM project approximately one year before launch is reported here. C1 [Lichti, Giselher G.; Diehl, R.; Greiner, J.; Steinle, H.; von Kienlin, A.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstrasse, D-37075 Garching, Germany. [Bhat, N.; Briggs, M.; Connaughton, V.; Paciesas, W.; Preece, R.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Fishman, G.; Kouveliotou, C.; Meegan, C.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Kippen, R. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lichti, GG (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstrasse, D-37075 Garching, Germany. OI Preece, Robert/0000-0003-1626-7335 FU BMBF via the DLR [50 QV 0301] FX The GBM project has been supported by the BMBF via the DLR under the contract number 50 QV 0301. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0413-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 906 BP 119 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGG36 UT WOS:000246655200013 ER PT J AU Balhorn, R AF Balhorn, Rod TI The protamine family of sperm nuclear proteins SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; CHROMATIN-STRUCTURE; BASIC-PROTEINS; GENE DELIVERY; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; INFERTILE PATIENTS; INDIVIDUAL SPERM; DNA INTEGRITY; HUMAN TESTIS; HISTONE H1 AB The protamines are a diverse family of small arginine-rich proteins that are synthesized in the late-stage spermatids of many animals and plants and bind to DNA, condensing the spermatid genome into a genetically inactive state. Vertebrates have from one to 15 protamine genes per haploid genome, which are clustered together on the same chromosome. Comparison of protamine gene and amino-acid sequences suggests that the family evolved from specialized histones through protamine-like proteins to the true protamines. Structural elements present in all true protamines are a series of arginine-rich DNA-anchoring domains ( often containing a mixture of arginine and lysine residues in non-mammalian protamines) and multiple phosphorylation sites. The two protamines found in mammals, P1 and P2, are the most widely studied. P1 packages sperm DNA in all mammals, whereas protamine P2 is present only in the sperm of primates, many rodents and a subset of other placental mammals. P2, but not P1, is synthesized as a precursor that undergoes proteolytic processing after binding to DNA and also binds a zinc atom, the function of which is not known. P1 and P2 are phosphorylated soon after their synthesis, but after binding to DNA most of the phosphate groups are removed and cysteine residues are oxidized, forming disulfide bridges that link the protamines together. Both P1 and P2 have been shown to be required for normal sperm function in primates and many rodents. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci & Biotechnol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Balhorn, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci & Biotechnol Div, East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM balhorn2@llnl.gov NR 78 TC 219 Z9 231 U1 5 U2 34 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2007 VL 8 IS 9 AR 227 DI 10.1186/gb-2007-8-9-227 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 247SO UT WOS:000252100800004 PM 17903313 ER PT J AU Kunin, V Sorek, R Hugenholtz, P AF Kunin, Victor Sorek, Rotem Hugenholtz, Philip TI Evolutionary conservation of sequence and secondary structures in CRISPR repeats SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REGULARLY SPACED REPEATS; DNA REPEATS; IDENTIFICATION; PROKARYOTES; ELEMENTS; ARCHAEA; BACTERIA; GENOMES; GENES; RNAS AB Background: Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats ( CRISPRs) are a novel class of direct repeats, separated by unique spacer sequences of similar length, that are present in approximately 40% of bacterial and most archaeal genomes analyzed to date. More than 40 gene families, called CRISPR-associated sequences ( CASs), appear in conjunction with these repeats and are thought to be involved in the propagation and functioning of CRISPRs. It has been recently shown that CRISPR provides acquired resistance against viruses in prokaryotes. Results: Here we analyze CRISPR repeats identified in 195 microbial genomes and show that they can be organized into multiple clusters based on sequence similarity. Some of the clusters present stable, highly conserved RNA secondary structures, while others lack detectable structures. Stable secondary structures exhibit multiple compensatory base changes in the stem region, indicating evolutionary and functional conservation. Conclusion: We show that the repeat-based classification corresponds to, and expands upon, a previously reported CAS gene-based classification, including specific relationships between CRISPR and CAS subtypes. C1 DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Kunin, V (reprint author), DOE Joint Genome Inst, 2800 Mitchell Dr, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM vkunin@lbl.gov RI Hugenholtz, Philip/G-9608-2011; OI hugenholtz, philip/0000-0001-5386-7925 NR 28 TC 214 Z9 242 U1 5 U2 57 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2007 VL 8 IS 4 AR R61 DI 10.1186/gb-2007-8-4-r61 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 174ZY UT WOS:000246982900018 PM 17442114 ER PT J AU Lev-Maor, G Sorek, R Levanon, EY Paz, N Eisenberg, E Ast, G AF Lev-Maor, Galit Sorek, Rotem Levanon, Erez Y. Paz, Nurit Eisenberg, Eli Ast, Gil TI RNA-editing-mediated exon evolution SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPLICE-SITE SELECTION; PRE-MESSENGER-RNA; ADENOSINE DEAMINASES; HUMAN TRANSCRIPTOME; HUMAN BRAIN; ENHANCERS; ABUNDANT; PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; DEFICIENT AB Background: Alu retroelements are specific to primates and abundant in the human genome. Through mutations that create functional splice sites within intronic Alus, these elements can become new exons in a process denoted exonization. It was recently shown that Alu elements are also heavily changed by RNA editing in the human genome. Results: Here we show that the human nuclear prelamin A recognition factor contains a primate-specific Alu-exon that exclusively depends on RNA editing for its exonization. We demonstrate that RNA editing regulates the exonization in a tissue-dependent manner, through both the creation of a functional AG 3' splice site, and alteration of functional exonic splicing enhancers within the exon. Furthermore, a premature stop codon within the Alu-exon is eliminated by an exceptionally efficient RNA editing event. The sequence surrounding this editing site is important not only for editing of that site but also for editing in other neighboring sites as well. Conclusion: Our results show that the abundant RNA editing of Alu sequences can be recruited as a mechanism supporting the birth of new exons in the human genome. C1 Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Fac Med, Dept Human Mol Genet & Biochem, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Compugen Ltd, IL-69512 Tel Aviv, Israel. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Fac Med, Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Dept Pediat Hematooncol, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymong & Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Ast, G (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Fac Med, Dept Human Mol Genet & Biochem, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM gilast@post.tau.ac.il RI Eisenberg, Eli/D-2587-2009; Levanon, Erez/A-8128-2012 OI Eisenberg, Eli/0000-0001-8681-3202; Levanon, Erez/0000-0002-3641-4198 NR 44 TC 94 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2007 VL 8 IS 2 AR R29 DI 10.1186/gb-2007-8-2-r29 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 162HA UT WOS:000246076300014 PM 17326827 ER PT J AU Portales-Casamar, E Kirov, S Lim, J Lithwick, S Swanson, MI Ticoll, A Snoddy, J Wasserman, WW AF Portales-Casamar, Elodie Kirov, Stefan Lim, Jonathan Lithwick, Stuart Swanson, Magdalena I. Ticoll, Amy Snoddy, Jay Wasserman, Wyeth W. TI PAZAR: a framework for collection and dissemination of cis-regulatory sequence annotation SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FACTOR-BINDING SITES; PROMOTER DATABASE; GENOME-WIDE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; GENE-EXPRESSION; DISCOVERY; RESOURCE; IDENTIFICATION; ORGANIZATION; DROSOPHILA AB PAZAR is an open-access and open-source database of transcription factor and regulatory sequence annotation with associated web interface and programming tools for data submission and extraction. Curated boutique data collections can be maintained and disseminated through the unified schema of the mall-like PAZAR repository. The Pleiades Promoter Project collection of brain-linked regulatory sequences is introduced to demonstrate the depth of annotation possible within PAZAR. PAZAR, located at http://www.pazar.info, is open for business. C1 [Portales-Casamar, Elodie; Kirov, Stefan; Lim, Jonathan; Lithwick, Stuart; Swanson, Magdalena I.; Ticoll, Amy; Wasserman, Wyeth W.] Univ British Columbia, CFRI, Ctr Mol Med & Therapeut, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada. [Kirov, Stefan; Snoddy, Jay] Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Grad Sch Genom Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Kirov, Stefan] Pharmaceut Res Inst, Appl Genom Dept, Bristol Myers Squibb, NJ 08534 USA. [Snoddy, Jay] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Biomed Informat Dept, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Wasserman, WW (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, CFRI, Ctr Mol Med & Therapeut, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada. EM wyeth@cmmt.ubc.ca RI Wasserman, Wyeth/I-4866-2015; OI Kirov, Stefan/0000-0002-4650-1789; Wasserman, Wyeth/0000-0001-6098-6412; Portales-Casamar, Elodie/0000-0002-9998-7858 FU Canadian Institutes of Health Research [69153, 64231] NR 41 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2007 VL 8 IS 10 AR R207 DI 10.1186/gb-2007-8-10-r207 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 247SP UT WOS:000252100900006 PM 17916232 ER PT J AU Tomancak, P Berman, BP Beaton, A Weiszmann, R Kwan, E Hartenstein, V Celniker, SE Rubin, GM AF Tomancak, Pavel Berman, Benjamin P. Beaton, Amy Weiszmann, Richard Kwan, Elaine Hartenstein, Volker Celniker, Susan E. Rubin, Gerald M. TI Global analysis of patterns of gene expression during Drosophila embryogenesis SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEINS; EMBRYOS; GENOME; HYBRIDIZATION; MELANOGASTER; TRANSCRIPTS; BIOLOGY; STRIPES; IMAGES; CYCLE AB Background: Cell and tissue specific gene expression is a defining feature of embryonic development in multi-cellular organisms. However, the range of gene expression patterns, the extent of the correlation of expression with function, and the classes of genes whose spatial expression are tightly regulated have been unclear due to the lack of an unbiased, genome-wide survey of gene expression patterns. Results: We determined and documented embryonic expression patterns for 6,003 ( 44%) of the 13,659 protein-coding genes identified in the Drosophila melanogaster genome with over 70,000 images and controlled vocabulary annotations. Individual expression patterns are extraordinarily diverse, but by supplementing qualitative in situ hybridization data with quantitative microarray time-course data using a hybrid clustering strategy, we identify groups of genes with similar expression. Of 4,496 genes with detectable expression in the embryo, 2,549 ( 57%) fall into 10 clusters representing broad expression patterns. The remaining 1,947 ( 43%) genes fall into 29 clusters representing restricted expression, 20% patterned as early as blastoderm, with the majority restricted to differentiated cell types, such as epithelia, nervous system, or muscle. We investigate the relationship between expression clusters and known molecular and cellular-physiological functions. Conclusion: Nearly 60% of the genes with detectable expression exhibit broad patterns reflecting quantitative rather than qualitative differences between tissues. The other 40% show tissue-restricted expression; the expression patterns of over 1,500 of these genes are documented here for the first time. Within each of these categories, we identified clusters of genes associated with particular cellular and developmental functions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Inst Mol Cell Biol & Genet, D-01307 Dresden, Germany. Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mol Cell & Dev Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. HHMI, Ashburn, VA 20147 USA. RP Celniker, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 229 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM celniker@bdgp.lbl.gov RI Tomancak, Pavel/C-2109-2009; Berman, Benjamin/D-5942-2014; OI Tomancak, Pavel/0000-0002-2222-9370; Rubin, Gerald/0000-0001-8762-8703 FU CGH CDC HHS [P50 GH00750]; NHGRI NIH HHS [HG00750]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM076655] NR 42 TC 202 Z9 205 U1 0 U2 14 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2007 VL 8 IS 7 AR R145 DI 10.1186/gb-2007-8-7-r145 PG 24 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 209VP UT WOS:000249416400025 PM 17645804 ER PT J AU Vastrik, I D'Eustachio, P Schmidt, E Joshi-Tope, G Gopinath, G Croft, D de Bono, B Gillespie, M Jassal, B Lewis, S Matthews, L Wu, GM Birney, E Stein, L AF Vastrik, Imre D'Eustachio, Peter Schmidt, Esther Joshi-Tope, Geeta Gopinath, Gopal Croft, David de Bono, Bernard Gillespie, Marc Jassal, Bijay Lewis, Suzanna Matthews, Lisa Wu, Guanming Birney, Ewan Stein, Lincoln TI Reactome: a knowledge base of biologic pathways and processes SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INSULIN-RESISTANT; SYSTEMS BIOLOGY; DATABASE; PROTEIN; GENES; NETWORK; MODELS; INFORMATION; BIND; TOOL AB Reactome http://www.reactome.org, an online curated resource for human pathway data, provides infrastructure for computation across the biologic reaction network. We use Reactome to infer equivalent reactions in multiple nonhuman species, and present data on the reliability of these inferred reactions for the distantly related eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Finally, we describe the use of Reactome both as a learning resource and as a computational tool to aid in the interpretation of microarrays and similar large-scale datasets. C1 Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. European Bioinformat Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England. NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY 10016 USA. St Johns Univ, Coll Pharm & Allied Hlth Profess, Queens, NY 11439 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stein, L (reprint author), Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Bungtown Rd, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. EM lstein@cshl.edu RI Vastrik, Imre/C-2690-2009; OI Croft, David/0000-0001-6363-8595; D'Eustachio, Peter/0000-0002-5494-626X; Matthews, Lisa/0000-0001-5707-3065; Gillespie, Marc/0000-0002-5766-1702; Lewis, Suzanna/0000-0002-8343-612X; Birney, Ewan/0000-0001-8314-8497 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [R01 HG002639, U41 HG003751] NR 31 TC 342 Z9 352 U1 1 U2 11 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1465-6906 EI 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2007 VL 8 IS 3 AR R39 DI 10.1186/gb-2007-8-3-r39 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 162IX UT WOS:000246081600019 PM 17367534 ER PT J AU Wang, CL Ding, C Yang, QF Holbrook, SR AF Wang, Chunlin Ding, Chris Yang, Qiaofeng Holbrook, Stephen R. TI Consistent dissection of the protein interaction network by combining global and local metrics SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YEAST SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; FUNCTIONAL MODULES; BUDDING YEAST; COMPLEXES; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; ORGANIZATION; MODULARITY; PATHWAY; MIPS AB We propose a new network decomposition method to systematically identify protein interaction modules in the protein interaction network. Our method incorporates both a global metric and a local metric for balance and consistency. We have compared the performance of our method with several earlier approaches on both simulated and real datasets using different criteria, and show that our method is more robust to network alterations and more effective at discovering functional protein modules. C1 [Wang, Chunlin; Yang, Qiaofeng; Holbrook, Stephen R.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wang, Chunlin] Stanford Univ, Div Infect Dis, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94035 USA. [Ding, Chris] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, CL (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wangcl@stanford.edu; SRHolbrook@lbl.gov NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2007 VL 8 IS 12 AR R271 DI 10.1186/gb-2007-8-12-r271 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 266QJ UT WOS:000253451800022 PM 18154653 ER PT J AU Wang, QF Prabhakar, S Chanan, S Cheng, JF Rubin, EM Boffelli, D AF Wang, Qian-fei Prabhakar, Shyam Chanan, Sumita Cheng, Jan-Fang Rubin, Edward M. Boffelli, Dario TI Detection of weakly conserved ancestral mammalian regulatory sequences by primate comparisons SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID II GENE-CLUSTER; COMPARATIVE GENOMICS; EXPRESSION; ELEMENTS; DNA; TRANSCRIPTION; MECHANISMS; VERTEBRATE; ENHANCER; TOOL AB Background: Genomic comparisons between human and distant, non-primate mammals are commonly used to identify cis-regulatory elements based on constrained sequence evolution. However, these methods fail to detect functional elements that are too weakly conserved among mammals to distinguish them from non-functional DNA. Results: To evaluate a strategy for large scale genome annotation that is complementary to the commonly used distal species comparisons, we explored the potential of deep intra-primate sequence comparisons. We sequenced the orthologs of 558 kb of human genomic sequence, covering multiple loci involved in cholesterol homeostasis, in 6 non-human primates. Our analysis identified six non-coding DNA elements displaying significant conservation among primates but undetectable in more distant comparisons. In vitro and in vivo tests revealed that at least three of these six elements have regulatory function. Notably, the mouse orthologs of these three functional human sequences had regulatory activity despite their lack of significant sequence conservation, indicating that they are ancestral mammalian cis-regulatory elements. These regulatory elements could be detected even in a smaller set of three primate species including human, rhesus and marmoset. Conclusion: We have demonstrated that intra-primate sequence comparisons can be used to identify functional modules in large genomic regions, including cis-regulatory elements that are not detectable through comparison with non-mammalian genomes. With the available human and rhesus genomes and that of marmoset, which is being actively sequenced, this strategy can be extended to the whole genome in the near future. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Wang, QF (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Med, Hematol Oncol Sect, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM qwang2@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu; DBoffelli@lbl.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [T32 HL007279, U01 HL066681, U1HL66681B]; PHS HHS [THL007279F] NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2007 VL 8 IS 1 AR R1 DI 10.1186/gb-2007-8-1-r1 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 144UF UT WOS:000244821100006 PM 17201929 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Moorhead, M Karlin-Neumann, G Wang, NJ Ireland, J Lin, S Chen, C Heiser, LM Chin, K Esserman, L Gray, JW Spellman, PT Faham, M AF Wang, Yuker Moorhead, Martin Karlin-Neumann, George Wang, Nicholas J. Ireland, James Lin, Steven Chen, Chunnuan Heiser, Laura M. Chin, Koei Esserman, Laura Gray, Joe W. Spellman, Paul T. Faham, Malek TI Analysis of Molecular Inversion Probe performance for allele copy number determination SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAYS; DNA; POLYMORPHISM; CANCER; GENE AB We have developed a new protocol for using Molecular Inversion Probes (MIP) to accurately and specifically measure allele copy number (ACN). The new protocol provides for significant improvements including the reduction of input DNA (from 2 mu g) by more than 25 fold (to 75ng total genomic DNA), higher overall precision resulting in one order of magnitude lower false positive rate, and greater dynamic range with accurate absolute copy number up to 60 copies. C1 [Wang, Nicholas J.; Heiser, Laura M.; Gray, Joe W.; Spellman, Paul T.; Faham, Malek] LBL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wang, Yuker; Moorhead, Martin; Karlin-Neumann, George; Ireland, James; Lin, Steven; Chen, Chunnuan; Faham, Malek] Affymetrix Inc, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. [Chin, Koei; Esserman, Laura] Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Comprehens Canc, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Spellman, PT (reprint author), LBL, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS977R225A, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM PTSpellman@lbl.gov; Malek_faham@affymetrix.com FU NCI NIH HHS [U54 CA112970, U54CA112970] NR 16 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2007 VL 8 IS 11 AR R246 DI 10.1186/gb-2007-8-11-r246 PG 28 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 247SQ UT WOS:000252101100020 PM 18028543 ER PT J AU Warnecke, F Hugenholtz, P AF Warnecke, Falk Hugenholtz, Philip TI Building on basic metagenomics with complementary technologies SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID WHOLE-GENOME AMPLIFICATION; MARINE BACTERIOPLANKTON; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; CELL; BACTERIA; PROTEOMICS; ENVIRONMENT; METABOLISM; POLYMERASE; DIVERSITY AB Metagenomics, the application of random shotgun sequencing to environmental samples, is a powerful approach for characterizing microbial communities. However, this method only represents the cornerstone of what can be achieved using a range of complementary technologies such as transcriptomics, proteomics, cell sorting and microfluidics. Together, these approaches hold great promise for the study of microbial ecology and evolution. C1 [Warnecke, Falk; Hugenholtz, Philip] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Microbial Ecol Program, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Hugenholtz, P (reprint author), DOE Joint Genome Inst, Microbial Ecol Program, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM PHugenholtz@lbl.gov RI Hugenholtz, Philip/G-9608-2011; OI hugenholtz, philip/0000-0001-5386-7925 NR 52 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 17 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2007 VL 8 IS 12 AR 231 DI 10.1186/gb-2007-8-12-231 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 266QJ UT WOS:000253451800002 PM 18177506 ER PT J AU Normand, P Lapierre, P Tisa, LS Gogarten, JP Alloisio, N Bagnarol, E Bassi, CA Berry, AM Bickhart, DM Choisne, N Couloux, A Cournoyer, B Cruveiller, S Daubin, V Demange, N Francino, MP Goltsman, E Huang, Y Kopp, OR Labarre, L Lapidus, A Lavire, C Marechal, J Martinez, M Mastronunzio, JE Mullin, BC Niemann, J Pujic, P Rawnsley, T Rouy, Z Schenowitz, C Sellstedt, A Tavares, F Tomkins, JP Vallenet, D Valverde, C Wall, LG Wang, Y Medigue, C Benson, DR AF Normand, Philippe Lapierre, Pascal Tisa, Louis S. Gogarten, Johann Peter Alloisio, Nicole Bagnarol, Emilie Bassi, Carla A. Berry, Alison M. Bickhart, Derek M. Choisne, Nathalie Couloux, Arnaud Cournoyer, Benoit Cruveiller, Stephane Daubin, Vincent Demange, Nadia Francino, Maria Pilar Goltsman, Eugene Huang, Ying Kopp, Olga R. Labarre, Laurent Lapidus, Alla Lavire, Celine Marechal, Joelle Martinez, Michele Mastronunzio, Juliana E. Mullin, Beth C. Niemann, James Pujic, Pierre Rawnsley, Tania Rouy, Zoe Schenowitz, Chantal Sellstedt, Anita Tavares, Fernando Tomkins, Jeffrey P. Vallenet, David Valverde, Claudio Wall, Luis G. Wang, Ying Medigue, Claudine Benson, David R. TI Genome characteristics of facultatively symbiotic Frankia sp strains reflect host range and host plant biogeography SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ROOT-NODULES; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE; NODULATION; PHYLOGENY; FAMILY; GENES; PROTEOBACTERIA; CONSTRUCTION; ANNOTATION AB Soil bacteria that also form mutualistic symbioses in plants encounter two major levels of selection. One occurs during adaptation to and survival in soil, and the other occurs in concert with host plant speciation and adaptation. Actinobacteria from the genus Frankia are facultative symbionts that form N-2-fixing root nodules on diverse and globally distributed angiosperms in the "actinorhizal" symbioses. Three closely related clades of Frankia sp. strains are recognized; members of each clade infect a subset of plants from among eight angiosperm families. We sequenced the genomes from three strains; their sizes varied from 5.43 Mbp for a narrow host range strain (Frankia sp. strain HFPCcl3) to 7.50 Mbp for a medium host range strain (Frankia alni strain ACNl4a) to 9.04 Mbp for a broad host range strain (Frankia sp. strain EANlpec.) This size divergence is the largest yet reported for such closely related soil bacteria (97.8% - 98.9% identity of 16S rRNA genes). The extent of gene deletion, duplication, and acquisition is in concert with the biogeographic history of the symbioses and host plant speciation. Host plant isolation favored genome contraction, whereas host plant diversification favored genome expansion. The results support the idea that major genome expansions as well as reductions can occur in facultative symbiotic soil bacteria as they respond to new environments in the context of their symbioses. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Storrs, CT 06279 USA. Univ Lyon 1, IFR Bio Environm Sante 41, CNRS, UMR, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Microbiol, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Unite Rech Genomique Vegetale, Inst Natl Rech Agronom, F-91057 Evry, France. Geonoscope, Ctr Natl Sequencage, F-91057 Evry, France. Genoscope, UMR 8030, CNRS, Atelier Genomique Comparat, F-91006 Evry, France. Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5558, Bioinformat & Evolutionary Genomics Lab, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem & Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Genome Sci & Technol Program, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Umea Univ, Dept Plant Physiol, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. Univ Porto, Inst Biol Mol & Celular, P-4150180 Oporto, Portugal. Clemson Univ, Genomics Inst, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Univ Nacl Quilmes, Dept Ciencia & Tecnol, Programa Interacciones Biol, RA-1876 Bernal, Argentina. RP Benson, DR (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Storrs, CT 06279 USA. EM david.benson@uconn.edu RI Normand, Philippe/A-1142-2012; Tavares, Fernando/C-3375-2013; Lapidus, Alla/I-4348-2013; OI Tavares, Fernando/0000-0001-9913-1155; Lapidus, Alla/0000-0003-0427-8731; Sellstedt, Anita/0000-0002-0536-903X; Normand, Philippe/0000-0002-2139-2141; Bickhart, Derek/0000-0003-2223-9285; Gogarten, Johann Peter/0000-0001-6459-6518 NR 50 TC 182 Z9 835 U1 5 U2 48 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1 BP 7 EP 15 DI 10.1101/gr.5798407 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 121XX UT WOS:000243191400002 PM 17151343 ER PT J AU Gomes, JP Bruno, WJ Nunes, A Santos, N Florindo, C Borrego, MJ Dean, D AF Gomes, Joao P. Bruno, William J. Nunes, Alexandra Santos, Nicole Florindo, Carlos Borrego, Maria J. Dean, Deborah TI Evolution of Chlamydia trachomatis diversity occurs by widespread interstrain recombination involving hotspots SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; GENOME SEQUENCE; CLINICAL-MANIFESTATIONS; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; TISSUE TROPISM; GENE-TRANSFER; POLYMORPHISMS; SEROVAR; DISEASE; INFECTIONS AB Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacterium of major public health significance, infecting over one-tenth of the world's population and causing blindness and infertility in millions. Mounting evidence supports recombination as a key source of genetic diversity among free-living bacteria. Previous research shows that intracellular bacteria such as Chlamydiaceae may also undergo recombination but whether this plays a significant evolutionary role has not been determined. Here, we examine multiple loci dispersed throughout the chromosome to determine the extent and significance of recombination among 19 laboratory reference strains and 10 present-day ocular and urogenital clinical isolates using phylogenetic reconstructions, compatibility matrices, and statistically based recombination programs. Recombination is widespread; all clinical isolates are recombinant at multiple loci with no two belonging to the same clonal lineage. Several reference strains show nonconcordant phylogenies across loci; one strain is unambiguously identified as recombinantly derived from other reference strain lineages. Frequent recombination contrasts with a low level of point substitution; novel substitutions relative to reference strains occur less than one per kilobase. Hotspots for recombination are identified downstream from ompA, which encodes the major outer membrane protein. This widespread recombination, unexpected for an intracellular bacterium, explains why strain-typing using one or two genes, such as ompA, does not correlate with clinical phenotypes. Our results do not point to specific events that are responsible for different pathogenicities but, instead, suggest a new approach to dissect the genetic basis for clinical strain pathology with implications for evolution, host cell adaptation, and emergence of new chlamydial diseases. C1 Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Ctr Immunobiol & Vaccine Dev, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. Inst Nacl Saude, Ctr Bacteriol, P-1649016 Lisbon, Portugal. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Med & Biomed Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Dean, D (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Ctr Immunobiol & Vaccine Dev, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. EM ddean@chori.org OI , Maria/0000-0002-8604-8800; Gomes, Joao Paulo/0000-0002-2697-2399 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI 39499, R01 AI 59647, R01 AI039499, R01 AI059647] NR 57 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 3 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1 BP 50 EP 60 DI 10.1101/gr.5674706 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 121XX UT WOS:000243191400007 PM 17090662 ER PT S AU Garcia, E Worsham, P Bearden, S Malfatti, S Lang, D Larimer, F Lindler, L Chain, P AF Garcia, Emilio Worsham, Patricia Bearden, Scott Malfatti, Stephanie Lang, Dorothy Larimer, Frank Lindler, Luther Chain, Patrick BE Perry, RD Fetherston, JD TI Pestoides F, an atypical Yersinia pestis strain from the former Soviet Union SO GENUS YERSINIA: FROM GENOMICS TO FUNCTION SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Yersinia CY OCT 10-14, 2006 CL Lexington, KY ID GENOME SEQUENCE AB Unlike the classical Yersinia pestis strains, members of an atypical group of Y. pestis front Central Asia, denominated Y. pestis subspecies caucasica (also known as one of several pestoides types), are distinguished by a number of characteristics including their ability to ferment rharnnose and melibiose, their lack of the small plasmid encoding the plasminogen activator (pla) and pesticin, and their exceptionally large variants of the virulence plasmid pMT (encoding murine toxin and capsular antigen). We have obtained the entire genome sequence of Y pestis Pestoides F, an isolate from the former Soviet Union that has enabled us to carryout a comprehensive genome-wide comparison of this organism's genomic content against the six published sequences of Y. pestis and their Y. pseudotuberculosis ancestor. Based on classical glycerol fermentation (+ve) and nitrate reduction (+ve) Y. pestis Pestoides F is an isolate that belongs to the biovar antiqua. This strain is unusual in other characteristics such as the fact that it carries a non-consensus V antigen (lcrV) sequence, and that unlike other Pla(-) strains, Pestoides F retains virulence by the parenteral and aerosol routes. The chromosome of Pestoides F is 4,517,345 bp in size comprising some 3,936 predicted coding sequences, while its pCD and pMT plasmids are 71,507 bp and 137,010 bp in size respectively. Comparison of chromosome-associated genes in Pestoides F with those in the other sequenced Y pestis strains reveals differences ranging from strain-specific rearrangements, insertions, deletions, single nucleotide polymorphisms, and a unique distribution of insertion sequences. There is a single similar to 7 kb unique region in the chromosome not found in any of the completed Y pestis strains sequenced to date, but which is present in the Y. pseudotuberculosis ancestor. Taken together, these findings are consistent with Pestoides F being derived from the most ancient lineage of Y pestis yet sequenced. C1 [Garcia, Emilio; Lang, Dorothy; Chain, Patrick] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Biosci & Biotechnol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Garcia, E (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Biosci & Biotechnol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM garcia12@llnl.gov RI chain, patrick/B-9777-2013 NR 12 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-2598 BN 978-0-387-72123-1 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2007 VL 603 BP 17 EP 22 PG 6 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Microbiology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Microbiology GA BGV89 UT WOS:000250831600002 PM 17966401 ER PT J AU Chipera, SJ Vaniman, DT AF Chipera, Steve J. Vaniman, David T. TI Experimental stability of magnesium sulfate hydrates that may be present on Mars SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SALT EFFLORESCENCES; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; SYSTEM MGSO4-H2O; MARTIAN SURFACE; LANDING SITES; SOLUBILITY; WATER; SOIL; VIKING-LANDER-1; MINERALOGY AB Since the Viking missions in 1976, magnesium Sulfates have been predicted to exist on the surface of Mars. Recent orbital measurements suggest that Mg-sulfates are rather ubiquitous on the martian surface. Chemical analyses by landers support the infermce that Mg-sulfate hydrates may be one source of the significant quantities of equatorial near-surface hydrogen observed by the neutron and gamma-ray spectrometers on the Mars Odyssey spacecraft. The present study was undertaken to examine stability relations among the various Mg-sulfate hydrates. Using saturated salt solutions to control water-vapor pressure at temperatures of 3, 23, 50, 63, and 75 degrees C, Mg-sulfate phases were allowed to equilibrate from 2 to 3 months to see which hydration states were formed or were stable. Starting materials consisted of hexahydrite (6H(2)O), starkeyite (4H(2)O), kieserite (1H(2)O), a second monohydrate-polymorph available as a chemical reagent, and an anhydrous MgSO4 reagent. Products created in this study included these minerals, along with epsomite (7H(2)O), sanderite (2H(2)O), amorphous MgSO4 (1-2H(2)O), several previously undescribed phases, one of which was quite persistent (2.4H(2)O), and trace amounts of pentahydrite (5H(2)O). As expected, Mg-sulfate stability is strongly dependent on water vapor pressure and temperature. Lower temperatures favor the more hydrated Mg-sulfates. However, the MgSO4 system was found to be surprisingly complicated and is strongly dominated by metastability, sluggish kinetics, and reaction pathways. Unexpected results were frequently encountered, in addition to the formation of previously undescribed phases. Several of the hydrates also show significant metastable extensions, such that phase boundaries can only be approximated. For example, kieserite, which has been reported on Mars from OMEGA data, in addition to having a distinct stability region, is resistant to transformation and persists throughout temperature-RH space until very high relative humidities are achieved. Results of this study show that MgSO4 hydrates in addition to epsomite, hexahydrite, and kieserite can persist and should not be overlooked when assessing possible Mg-sulfate minerals that call occur on Mars. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chipera, SJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop D469, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM chipera@lanl.gov NR 48 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 1 BP 241 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.07.044 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 123YU UT WOS:000243334400016 ER PT J AU Le, K Lee, J Owen, LA Finkel, R AF Le, Kimberly Lee, Jeffrey Owen, Lewis A. Finkel, Robert TI Late quaternary slip rates along the Sierra Nevada frontal fault zone, California: Slip partitioning across the western margin of the Eastern California Shear Zone-Basin and Range Province SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE neotectonics; Sierra Nevada; normal fault; Basin and Range Province; geochronology; Eastern California Shear Zone ID FISH SPRINGS FAULT; OWENS VALLEY FAULT; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; UNITED-STATES; COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS; NORTHERN BASIN; EVOLUTION; STRESS; DEFORMATION AB New geologic mapping, tectonic geomorphologic, and cosmogenic radionuclide geochronologic data provide the first numerical constraints on late Quaternary vertical slip and horizontal extension rates across the southern Sierra Nevada frontal fault zone, California. This fault zone exposes numerous NNW-striking, east-facing normal fault scarps that offset seven distinct Quaternary alluvial surfaces and a rockslide deposit. Beryllium-10 cosmogenic radionuclide surface-exposure dating of these surfaces provides surface abandonment model ages of 123.7 +/- 16.6 ka, 60.9 +/- 6.6 ka, 25.8 +/- 7.5 ka, 4.4 +/- 1.1 ka, and 4.1 +/- 1.0 ka on alluvial fan surfaces, and 18.7 +/- 3.9 ka on the rockslide deposit. These age constraints, combined with measurements of vertical surface offset across fault scarps, yield preferred late Pleistocene to Holocene vertical and horizontal extensional slip rates of 0.2-0.3 mm/yr and 0.1-0.2 mm/yr. Vertical slip-rate estimates in this study are comparable to late Pleistocene vertical slip-rate estimates across other prominent range-front normal faults within the Basin and Range Province. These geologic and geochronologic results indicate that the eastern escarpment of the southern Sierra Nevada has remained tectonically active throughout the late Quaternary. Combining our data with slip data from the Owens Valley and Lone Pine faults implies that slip along the eastern escarpment of the Sierra Nevada block is partitioned into three components: dominantly dextral slip along the Owens Valley fault, intermediate oblique slip along the Lone Pine fault, and subordinate normal slip along the Sierra Nevada frontal fault zone. These observations are consistent with global positioning system (GPS) data, which indicate that dextral shear-strain accumulation dominates today along the western boundary of the Eastern California Shear Zone and Basin and Range Province. C1 Cent Washington Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Le, K (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM kle@email.unc.edu NR 65 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 10 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1-2 BP 240 EP 256 DI 10.1130/B25960.1 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 126BC UT WOS:000243486200016 ER PT S AU Levich, RA Stuckless, JS AF Levich, Robert A. Stuckless, John S. BE Stuckless, JS Levich, RA TI Yucca Mountain, Nevada-A proposed geologic repository for high-level radioactive waste SO GEOLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY OF YUCCA MOUNTAIN AND VICINITY, SOUTHERN NEVADA AND CALIFORNIA SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE nuclear waste; waste management; site selection; laws and regulations; geologic repository ID DISPOSAL; ZONES AB Yucca Mountain in Nevada represents the proposed solution to what has been a lengthy national effort to dispose of high-level radioactive waste, waste which must be isolated from the biosphere for tens of thousands of years. This chapter reviews the background of that national effort and includes some discussion of international work in order to provide a more complete framework for the problem of waste disposal. Other chapters provide the regional geologic setting, the geology of the Yucca Mountain site, the tectonics, and climate ( past, present, and future). These last two chapters are integral to prediction of long-term waste isolation. C1 [Levich, Robert A.] US DOE, Las Vegas, NV 89107 USA. [Stuckless, John S.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1199-7 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2007 VL 199 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1130/2007.1199(01) PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BLX89 UT WOS:000271357900002 ER PT S AU Kim, AG AF Kim, Ann G. BE Stracher, GB TI Greenhouse gases generated in underground coal-mine fires SO GEOLOGY OF COAL FIRES: CASE STUDIES FROM AROUND THE WORLD SE Reviews in Engineering Geology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE carbon dioxide; carbon monoxide; methane; coal-combustion gases AB The release of greenhouse gases from underground coal-mine fires is a function of temperature and the concentration of O(2). In a laboratory study on spontaneous combustion, samples of coal, coal refuse, and carbonaceous shale were heated at a controlled rate between ambient temperature and 250 degrees C. In these experiments, the concentration of O(2) was not limited and the concentration of CO(2) increased with increasing temperature to a maximum of 10%. Carbon monoxide was not detected at temperatures below 100 degrees C, and the maximum concentration of CO was less than 4%. In field studies, samples of combustion gases were obtained from fires in three abandoned coal mines. These indicated a linear increase in the concentration of CO(2) relative to the decreased concentration of O(2). At an O(2) concentration of 2%, the CO(2) concentration approached 15%, and CO was detected only when the O(2) concentration was less than 8%. At temperatures over 50 degrees C, the rate of desorption of CH 4 also increased, but the average concentration in the mine atmosphere was 0.20%. These laboratory experiments and field studies indicate that the rate of gas production is controlled by O(2) concentration and temperature, but physical factors, such as overburden fracturing and differences between surface and subsurface temperature and pressure, control the rate of emission to the atmosphere. In coal-mine fires, both chemical and physical factors control the rate and magnitude of contributions to the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Kim, AG (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd,POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM Ann.Kim@or.netl.doe.gov NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0080-2018 BN 978-0-8137-4118-5 J9 REV ENG GEOL PY 2007 VL 18 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1130/2007.4118(01) PG 13 WC Engineering, Geological; Environmental Sciences; Geology; Mineralogy SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Mineralogy GA BMH96 UT WOS:000272405500002 ER PT J AU Bank, TL Vishnivetskaya, TA Jardine, PM Ginder-Vogel, MA Fendorf, S Baldwin, ME AF Bank, T. L. Vishnivetskaya, T. A. Jardine, P. M. Ginder-Vogel, M. A. Fendorf, S. Baldwin, M. E. TI Elucidating biogeochemical reduction of chromate via carbon amendments and soil sterilization SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE bioremediation; hexavalent chromium; metal reduction; soil sterilization; reduction potential ID HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; BACTERIA; TRANSPORT; CULTURES; REMOVAL; CR(VI) AB Sterilized and non-sterilized soil columns were amended with three different carbon sources to elucidate the potential for geochemical and biological Cr6+ reduction. Cr6+ was reduced to Cr3+ in the non-sterilized lactate, ethanol, and acetate- amended soils; however, soils amended with lactate reduced significantly more chromium. Soils sterilized by gamma-irradiation reduced almost no Cr6+, indicating that Cr6+ reduction was at least indirectly biological in nature. Analyses of small subunit (ssu) rRNA genes amplified from the column sediments showed significantly different bacterial populations within the amended soils that may be due to carbon source or to aerobic micropockets within the sediment columns. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bank, TL (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, 710 Nat Sci Complex, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM tlbank@buffalo.edu RI Vishnivetskaya, Tatiana/A-4488-2008 OI Vishnivetskaya, Tatiana/0000-0002-0660-023X NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PY 2007 VL 24 IS 2 BP 125 EP 132 DI 10.1080/01490450701266639 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 193HW UT WOS:000248266100005 ER PT J AU Redden, G Colwell, F AF Redden, George Colwell, Frederick TI ISSM-ISEB 2005: Progress in understanding and predicting subsurface microbiology and biogeochemical processes SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83404 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Redden, G (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, PO Box 1625,MS 2208, Idaho Falls, ID 83404 USA. EM rcolwell@coas.oregonstate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PY 2007 VL 24 IS 3-4 BP 135 EP 138 DI 10.1080/01490450701551519 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 193HZ UT WOS:000248266400001 ER PT J AU O'Loughlin, EJ Larese-Casanova, P Scherer, M Cook, R AF O'Loughlin, Edward J. Larese-Casanova, Phil Scherer, Michelle Cook, Russell TI Green rust formation from the bioreduction of gamma-FeOOH (lepidocrocite): Comparison of several Shewanella species SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE biomineralization; bioreduction; dissimilatory iron reduction; fougerite; green rust; lepidocrocite; Shewanella ID HYDROUS FERRIC-OXIDE; CONTAINING AQUEOUS-MEDIA; REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; IRON REDUCTION; BACTERIAL REDUCTION; MAGNETITE FORMATION; FE(III) OXIDE; FE(III)-REDUCING BACTERIUM; DISSIMILATORY REDUCTION; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE AB Green rusts are mixed ferrous/ferric hydroxides that typically form under weakly acidic to alkaline conditions in suboxic environments. The recent identification of green rusts as products of the reduction of Fe(III) oxides and oxyhydroxides by Shewanella putrefaciens, a dissimilatory iron-reducing bacterium (DIRB), suggests that green rusts may play a role in the redox cycling of Fe in many aquatic and terrestrial environments. We examined the potential for green rust formation resulting from the bioreduction of lepidocrocite(gamma-FeOOH) by a series of Shewanella species (S. alga BrY, S. amazonensis SB2B, S. baltica OS155, S. denitrificans OS217T, S. loihica PV-4, S. oneidensis MR-1, S. putrefaciens ATCC 8071, S. putrefaciens CN32, S. saccharophilia, and Shewanella sp. ANA-3). All Shewanella species, with the exception of S. denitrificans OS217T, were able to couple the oxidation of formate to the reduction of Fe( III) in lepidocrocite; however there were significant differences among species with respect to the rate and extent of Fe(II) production. Despite these differences, green rust was the only Fe(II)-bearing solid phase formed under our experimental conditions, as indicated by X-ray diffraction, Mossbauer spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The formation of green rust by Shewanella species isolated from a wide range of habitats and possessing varied metabolic capabilities suggests that under favorable conditions biogenic green rusts may be formed by a diverse array of DIRB. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Ctr Electron Microscopy, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP O'Loughlin, EJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Biosci Div, Bldg 203,Rm E-137,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM oloughlin@anl.gov RI O'Loughlin, Edward/C-9565-2013 OI O'Loughlin, Edward/0000-0003-1607-9529 NR 105 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 59 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PY 2007 VL 24 IS 3-4 BP 211 EP 230 DI 10.1080/01490450701459333 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 193HZ UT WOS:000248266400009 ER PT J AU Gresham, TLT Sheridan, PP Watwood, ME Fujita, Y Colwell, FS AF Gresham, Tina L. T. Sheridan, Peter P. Watwood, Mary E. Fujita, Yoshiko Colwell, Frederick S. TI Design and validation of ureC-based primers for groundwater detection of urea-hydrolyzing bacteria SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE bioremediation; groundwater; molecular ecology; primer design ID CALCIUM-CARBONATE PRECIPITATION; MULTIPLE LATERAL TRANSFERS; AMMONIA-OXIDIZING BACTERIA; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; FAMILY ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; REDUCTASE GENES; GENOMES; CLUSTER; ENZYME AB Polymerase chain reaction primers based on the ureC gene are described for use in detecting diverse groundwater urea-hydrolyzing bacteria. Six degenerate primers were designed and evaluated for their ability to detect the gene encoding the large catalytic subunit of urease, ureC. Five combinations of these primers were tested pair-wise and displayed an overlapping detection range for bacterial isolates. Pair L2F/L2R exhibited the greatest detection range for described bacterial species and for bacterial isolates from groundwater samples belonging to the bacterial divisions Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and the alpha, beta, and gamma subdivisions of Proteobacteria. Primers L2F/L2R exhibited a greater detection range than previously described ureC-specific primers, and amplified novel ureC sequences from groundwater isolates in the genera Hydrogenophaga, Acidovorax, Janthinobacterium, and Arthrobacter. A comparative phylogenetic analysis of ureC and 16S rRNA genes was performed to determine the utility of groundwater ureC sequence information as a phylogenetic marker for ureolytic species. Our results were consistent with previous analyses of urease genes which demonstrated that the ureC gene has undergone lateral transfer and is not a robust phylogenetic marker. However, the ureC-specific primers, L2F/L2R, demonstrate a broad detection range for ureolytic species, and can serve to enhance functional diversity analyses of ureolytic bacteria. C1 Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Dept Biotechnol, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Gresham, TLT (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. EM Tina.Gresham@aphis.usda.gov RI Fujita, Yoshiko/S-2007-2016 OI Fujita, Yoshiko/0000-0002-4472-4102 NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PY 2007 VL 24 IS 3-4 BP 353 EP 364 DI 10.1080/01490450701459283 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 193HZ UT WOS:000248266400019 ER PT J AU Yan, BZ Stoner, DL Kotler, JM Hinman, NW Scott, JR AF Yan, Beizhan Stoner, Daphne L. Kotler, J. Michelle Hinman, Nancy W. Scott, Jill R. TI Detection of biosignatures by geomatrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (GALDI) mass spectrometry SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE biosignature; geomatrix; hematite; evaporite; amino acid; GALDI; laser desorption; mass spectrometry; FTMS ID TIME-OF-FLIGHT; SAMPLE PREPARATION; MINERAL INTERACTIONS; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; AMINO-ACIDS; DESORPTION; MATRIX; MARS; IONIZATION; PEPTIDE AB Identification of mineral-associated biosignatures is of significance for retrieving biochemical information from geological records here on Earth and for detecting signs of life on other planets, such as Mars. An investigation using laser desorption Fourier transform mass spectrometry was conducted to determine whether geomatrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (GALDI) can be used to detect amino acids (e. g., histidine, threonine, and cysteine) and small proteins (e. g., gramicidin S) associated with mineral phases and whether the geomatrix impacts detection. Iron oxide (Fe2O3) and sodium chloride (NaCl) were investigated as clean chemical analogues of hematite and halite, respectively, which have both been detected on the surface of Mars. Samples were prepared by 2 methods: (1) application of analyte solution to the geomatrix surface with subsequent drying; and (2) physical mixing of analyte and geomatrix. Amino acids incorporated within NaCl by physical mixing yielded a better signal-to-noise ratio than those that were applied to the surface of a NaCl pellet. The composition of the geomatrix had an influence on the detection of biomolecules. Peaks corresponding to the cation-attached biomolecular ions were observed for the NaCl prepared samples. However, no biomolecular ion species were observed in samples using Fe2O3 as geomatrix. Instead, only minor peaks that may correspond to ions derived from fragments of the biomolecules were obtained. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. Univ Montana, Dept Geosci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Scott, JR (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Dept Chem, PO Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM jill.scott@inl.gov RI Scott, Jill/G-7275-2012 NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PY 2007 VL 24 IS 3-4 BP 379 EP 385 DI 10.1080/01490450701456784 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 193HZ UT WOS:000248266400021 ER PT J AU MacLean, LCW Pray, TJ Onstott, TC Brodie, EL Hazen, TC Southam, G AF MacLean, L. C. W. Pray, T. J. Onstott, T. C. Brodie, E. L. Hazen, T. C. Southam, G. TI Mineralogical, chemical and biological characterization of an anaerobic biofilm collected from a borehole in a deep gold mine in South Africa SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Session on Geomicrobiological Processes in Extreme Environments held at the Western Pacific Geophysical Meeting CY JUL 23-27, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE deep subsurface; sulfate-reducing bacteria; ZnS; framboidal pyrite; community structure ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PYRITE FORMATION; SP-NOV.; FRAMBOIDAL PYRITE; PHYLOGENETIC CHARACTERIZATION; IRON(II) MONOSULFIDE; SULFATE REDUCTION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; H2S OXIDATION AB A biofilm sample was collected from an anaerobic water and gas-flowing borehole, 1.474 km below land surface in the Evander Au mine, Republic of South Africa. The biofilm was 27 wt% ZnS, which was similar to 2 x 10(7) times more concentrated than the dissolved Zn measured in the borehole water. X-Ray diffraction indicated that the Zn was present in the form of fine grained, 4.7 +/- 0.9 nm particles with smaller amounts of pyrite (FeS2). Scanning electron microscopy, coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the identity of these minerals in the biofilm. Using transmission electron microscopy, the fine-grained ZnS minerals were found to coat the 1 mu m-diameter rod-shaped bacteria that made up the primary sub-structure of the biofilm. The FeS2 was present as framboids (spherical aggregates of 0.5-1 mu m FeS2 crystals) up to 10 mu m in diameter and as large, 2-3 mu m euhedral crystals that were not nucleated on the bacterial surfaces, but were found within the biofilm. Analyses of 16S rDNA utilizing clone libraries and a phylochip indicates that the ZnS rich biofilm is dominated by methanogens with a significant sulfate-reducing bacterial population and minor sulfide and CH4-oxidizing chemolithotrophs. This biofilm community is sustained by sulfate, bicarbonate and H-2-bearing paleometeoric water. C1 Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Ecol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP MacLean, LCW (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Ctr Environm Kinet Anal, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. EM lmaclea@uwo.ca RI Southam, Gordon/D-1983-2013; Brodie, Eoin/A-7853-2008; Hazen, Terry/C-1076-2012 OI Southam, Gordon/0000-0002-8941-1249; Brodie, Eoin/0000-0002-8453-8435; Hazen, Terry/0000-0002-2536-9993 NR 72 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PY 2007 VL 24 IS 6 BP 491 EP 504 DI 10.1080/0149045070157241 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 216PT UT WOS:000249891500004 ER PT J AU Zhang, CL Huang, ZY Li, YL Romanek, CS Mills, GL Gibson, RA Talbot, HM Wiegel, J Noakes, J Culp, R White, DC AF Zhang, Chuanlun L. Huang, Zhiyong Li, Yi-Liang Romanek, Christopher S. Mills, Gary L. Gibson, Robert A. Talbot, Helen M. Wiegel, Juergen Noakes, John Culp, Randy White, David C. TI Lipid biomarkers, carbon isotopes, and phylogenetic characterization of bacteria in California and Nevada hot springs SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Session on Geomicrobiological Processes in Extreme Environments held at the Western Pacific Geophysical Meeting CY JUL 23-27, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE bacteria; lipid biomarkers; hopanoids; carbon isotopes; 16S rRNA genes; cyanobacteria; California and Nevada hot springs ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; TRAP MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CHLOROFLEXUS-LIKE BACTERIA; FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; GULF-OF-MEXICO; MICROBIAL MATS; CYANOBACTERIAL MAT; INTACT BACTERIOHOPANEPOLYOLS; PROKARYOTIC TRITERPENOIDS; THERMOPHILIC BACTERIA AB Microbial mats were collected from hot springs in California (Eagleville) and Nevada ( Paradise Valley and Crescent Valley) to determine bacterial community structure and pathways of carbon cycling in different geothermal environments of the western United States. Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) at Eagleville contained even-numbered fatty acids, with 16: 0 being the most abundant (48.8%), followed by 18: 1 omega 9c (17.2%), 16: 1 omega 7c/ t (6.3%), and 18: 0 (6.2%), which are consistent with lipid profiles of cyanobacteria or other phototrophic bacteria. The PLFA profiles at Paradise Valley and Crescent Valley were dominated by similar even-numbered fatty acids; however, branched fatty acids such as iso- and anteiso-15: 0 and 17: 0 were also abundant ( up to 7.1% compared to 2.0% at Eagleville), suggesting greater relative abundance of heterotrophic bacteria in these springs. Analysis of neutral lipids was only performed on Eagleville and Paradise Valley springs, which revealed abundant bacterial hopanoids including the 2-methylbacteriohopane- 32,33,34,35-tetrol (2-methylBHT) that is specific to cyanobacteria; however, the diversity of hopanoid compounds was significantly lower at Eagleville than at Paradise Valley. The carbon-isotope composition of individual PLFA averaged -30.7 +/- 1.3% ( n = 7) at Eagleville, -28.0 +/- 1.8% ( n = 3) at Crescent Valley, and -29.7 +/- 3.1% ( n = 12) at Paradise Valley. Carbon isotope fractionation between PLFA and CO(2) was only available for Eagleville (-11.7%) and Paradise Valley (-21.7%), which indicated the predominance of the Calvin cycle for CO(2) fixation in these hot springs. Bacterial 16S rRNA genes were extracted from environmental samples at Eagleville and Paradise Valley but not Crescent Valley. Clone libraries indicated the predominance of cyanobacteria ( 50-75%) at these locations, which is consistent with the lipid profiles. Phylogenetic tree of the 16S rRNA genes indicated that most of the cyanobacterial sequences are unknown and may be specific to the Nevada and California hot springs. Phototrophic green non-sulfur bacteria were also present at Eagleville (13%) and Paradise Valley (7%). The remaining sequences were related to alpha-, beta-, and gamma-Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Deinococcus/Thermus, Bacteroidetes, and Spirochaetes. However, not all of these sequences were present at each of the springs. Results of this study demonstrate the consistency among lipid profiles ( phenotypes), carbon isotopes ( biogeochemistry), and 16S rRNA genes genotypes) of the bacterial community in these hot springs, which cumulatively suggest the importance of cyanobacteria in primary production of biomass under the environmental conditions examined. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Newcastle Univ, Sch Civil Engn & Geosci, Devonshire Bldg, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Appl Isotope Studies, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Biomarker Anal, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Zhang, CL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM zhang@srel.edu RI Li, Yiliang/E-9916-2010; OI Wiegel, Juergen/0000-0002-6343-6464 NR 83 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 31 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PY 2007 VL 24 IS 6 BP 519 EP 534 DI 10.1080/01490450701572515 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 216PT UT WOS:000249891500006 ER PT J AU Huang, ZY Hedlund, BP Wiegel, J Zhou, JZ Zhang, CL AF Huang, Zhiyong Hedlund, Brian P. Wiegel, Juergen Zhou, Jizhong Zhang, Chuanlun L. TI Molecular phylogeny of uncultivated Crenarchaeota in Great Basin hot springs of moderately elevated temperature SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Session on Geomicrobiological Processes in Extreme Environments held at the Western Pacific Geophysical Meeting CY JUL 23-27, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE Crenarchaeota; diversity; thermophiles; hot springs; soils; Nevada; California ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; BOREAL FOREST; KINGDOM CRENARCHAEOTA; CENARCHAEUM-SYMBIOSUM; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; ARCHAEAL DIVERSITY; DEEP; SEDIMENTS; SEA; SOILS AB Uncultivated Crenarchaeota are distributed widely in low temperature (< 30 degrees C) environments, and it has been hypothesized that they evolved from (hyper) thermophilic species thriving in marine hydrothermal vents or terrestrial hot springs. To further our understanding of the environmental distributions of Crenarchaeota, we studied mat samples collected from hot springs of moderately elevated temperature (similar to 49-67 degrees C) in California and Nevada, USA. Clone libraries of archaeal 16S rRNA genes were constructed for selected samples using a PCR-based approach. Sequences from the Nevada hot springs ( Rick's Hot Creek and Hard to Find) were closely related to uncultivated Crenarchaeota found near deep sea hydrothermal vents or from the subsurface geothermal system; sequences from the California hot spring ( Surprise Valley), on the other hand, were closely related to sequences from freshwater sediments. Statistical analysis showed that the community structure of Archaea was significantly different between any two springs with greater differences occurring between the Nevada and California hot springs ( P = 0.002). To determine whether these sequences represent indigenous microorganisms of geothermal springs, and not soil contaminants, archaeal 16S rRNAgene clone libraries were also constructed from soil samples taken from around Rick's Hot Creek and Surprise Valley hot springs. None of the hot spring sequences was closely related to those from the surrounding soil in Nevada or California or to the predominant soil Crenarchaeota in other locations, indicating that soil contamination to the hot spring environment was insignificant. Results of this study expand the distribution of Crenarchaeota into the moderately thermobiotic environment, which has been much less intensively studied than high temperature (> 70 degrees C) or low temperature natural habitats, and demonstrates that thermophiles inhabiting moderate temperature portions of Great Basin hot springs are phylogenetically distinct from both cultivated hyperthermophilic Crenarchaeota and sympatric soil Crenarchaeota. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Nevada, Sch Life Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Stephenson Res & Technol Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Zhang, CL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM zhang@srel.edu OI Wiegel, Juergen/0000-0002-6343-6464 NR 58 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PY 2007 VL 24 IS 6 BP 535 EP 542 DI 10.1080/01490450701572523 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 216PT UT WOS:000249891500007 ER PT S AU Shankar, M Sorokine, A Bhaduri, B Resseguie, D Shekhar, S Yoo, JS AF Shankar, Mallikarjun Sorokine, Alexandre Bhaduri, Budhendra Resseguie, David Shekhar, Shashi Yoo, Jin Soung BE Fonseca, F Rodriguez, MA Levashkin, S TI Spatio-temporal conceptual schema development for Wide-Area sensor networks SO GEOSPATIAL SEMANTICS, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on GeoSpatial Semantics CY NOV 29-30, 2007 CL Mexico City, MEXICO SP Inst Polit Nacl, Ctr Investigac Comput, Consejo Nacl Cienc Tecnnol, COFAA-IPN, SIP - IPN ID ONTOLOGY AB A Wide-Area Sensor Network (WASN) is a collection of heterogeneous sensor networks and data repositories spread over a wide geographic area. The diversity of sensor types and the regional differences over which WASNs operate result in semantic interoperability mismatches among sensor data, and a difficulty in agreeing on methods for sensor data access and exchange. We assume that sensors and their associated data have an explicit spatio-temporal basis (or tagging) in their representation. In this paper, we describe a spatio-temporal loosely-coupled federated database model for the WASN data storage problem that of unifying query and data representation given a heterogeneous WASN - and propose a conceptual schema to ease the problem of integration of sensor data representations. This is a continuing and critical challenge as sensor networks become more ubiquitous and data interoperation becomes increasing vital for a variety of applications (such as homeland security, transportation, environmental monitoring, etc.). We employ a top-down ontology-driven software development methodology. We use the SNAP/SPAN ontology as a sample framework for the conceptual schema. We compare our methodology of conceptual schema development with a bottom-up entity-oriented schema construction and discuss the differences in the two approaches. A unique contribution is the discussion of deployment experiences to evaluate proposed approaches in the context of a concrete WASN testbed. C1 [Shankar, Mallikarjun; Sorokine, Alexandre; Bhaduri, Budhendra; Resseguie, David] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6017, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Shekhar, Shashi; Yoo, Jin Soung] Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. RP Shankar, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6017, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM shankarm@ornl.gov; sorokina@ornl.gov; bhaduribl@ornl.gov; resseguiedr@ornl.gov; shekhar@cs.umn.edu; jyoo@cs.umn.edu RI Sorokine, Alexandre/G-5746-2013; OI Shankar, Mallikarjun/0000-0001-5289-7460 FU SensorNet Program; Office of Naval Research; Oak Ridge National Laboratory ORNL; LLC; [DE-AC05 96OR22464] FX Research sponsored by SensorNet Program, Office of Naval Research, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U. S. Department of Energy. The submitted manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the U.S. Government under contract DE-AC05 96OR22464. Accordingly, the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-76875-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4853 BP 160 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Geography, Physical SC Computer Science; Physical Geography GA BHB36 UT WOS:000252069200011 ER PT B AU van Ham, P Bosch, O AF van Ham, Peter Bosch, Olivia BE Bosch, O VanHam, P TI Global Non-Proliferation and Counter-Terrorism: The Role of Resolution 1540 and Its Implications SO GLOBAL NON-PROLIFERATION AND COUNTER-TERRORISM: THE IMPACT OF UNSCR 1540 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [van Ham, Peter] Clingendael, Global Governance Programme, Netherlands Inst Int Relat, The Hague, Netherlands. [van Ham, Peter] Coll Europe, Brugge, Belgium. [van Ham, Peter] George C Marshall European Ctr Secur Studies, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [van Ham, Peter] EU Inst Secur Studies, Paris, France. [van Ham, Peter] Royal Inst Int Affairs, London, England. [van Ham, Peter] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Bosch, Olivia] Chatham House, Int Secur Programme, London, England. [Bosch, Olivia] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Global Secur Res, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Bosch, Olivia] Council Arms Control, London, England. RP van Ham, P (reprint author), Clingendael, Global Governance Programme, Netherlands Inst Int Relat, The Hague, Netherlands. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BROOKINGS INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1775 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-0-8157-1017-2 PY 2007 BP 3 EP 23 PG 21 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BAV72 UT WOS:000305635200002 ER PT B AU Bosch, O van Ham, P AF Bosch, Olivia van Ham, Peter BE Bosch, O VanHam, P TI UNSCR 1540: Its Future and Contribution to Global Non-Proliferation and Counter-Terrorism SO GLOBAL NON-PROLIFERATION AND COUNTER-TERRORISM: THE IMPACT OF UNSCR 1540 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Bosch, Olivia] Chatham House, Int Secur Programme, London, England. [Bosch, Olivia] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Global Secur Res, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Bosch, Olivia] Council Arms, London, England. [van Ham, Peter] Clingendael, Global Governance Programme, Netherlands Inst Int Relat, The Hague, Netherlands. [van Ham, Peter] Coll Europe, Brugge, Belgium. [van Ham, Peter] George C Marshall European Ctr Secur Studies, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [van Ham, Peter] EU Inst Secur Studies, Paris, France. [van Ham, Peter] Royal Inst Int Affairs, London, England. [van Ham, Peter] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. RP Bosch, O (reprint author), Chatham House, Int Secur Programme, London, England. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BROOKINGS INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1775 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-0-8157-1017-2 PY 2007 BP 207 EP 226 PG 20 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BAV72 UT WOS:000305635200015 ER PT B AU Montgomery, AH AF Montgomery, Alexander H. BE Russell, JA Wirtz, JJ TI Proliferation networks in theory and practice SO GLOBALIZATION AND WMD PROLIFERATION: TERRORISM, TRANSNATIONAL NETWORKS AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY SE Routledge Global Security Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ORGANIZATION; FORMS C1 [Montgomery, Alexander H.] Reed Coll, Portland, OR 97202 USA. [Montgomery, Alexander H.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Montgomery, Alexander H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Int Secur Affairs, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Montgomery, AH (reprint author), Reed Coll, Portland, OR 97202 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-93325-1 J9 ROUT GLOB SECUR STUD PY 2007 VL 4 BP 28 EP 39 PG 12 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BNZ70 UT WOS:000275954400003 ER PT B AU Albright, D Hinderstein, C AF Albright, David Hinderstein, Corey BE Russell, JA Wirtz, JJ TI The AQ Khan illicit nuclear trade network and implications for non-proliferation efforts SO GLOBALIZATION AND WMD PROLIFERATION: TERRORISM, TRANSNATIONAL NETWORKS AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY SE Routledge Global Security Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Albright, David; Hinderstein, Corey] ISIS, Washington, DC USA. [Albright, David] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Albright, D (reprint author), ISIS, Washington, DC USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-93325-1 J9 ROUT GLOB SECUR STUD PY 2007 VL 4 BP 49 EP 62 PG 14 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BNZ70 UT WOS:000275954400005 ER PT S AU Watkins, L Beyah, R Corbett, C AF Watkins, Lanier Beyah, Raheem Corbett, Cherita GP IEEE TI A passive approach to rogue access point detection SO GLOBECOM 2007: 2007 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 07) CY NOV 26-30, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE DE rogue access point; wireless security; insider threat AB Unauthorized or rogue access points (APs) produce security vulnerabilities in enterprise/campus networks by circumventing inherent security mechanisms. We propose to use the round trip time (RTT) of network traffic to distinguish between wired and wireless nodes. This information coupled with a standard wireless AP authorization policy allows the differentiation (at a central location) between wired nodes, authorized APs, and rogue APs. We show that the lower capacity and the higher variability in a wireless network can be used to effectively distinguish between wired and wireless nodes. Further, this detection is not dependant upon the wireless technology (802.11a, 802.11b, or 802.11g), is scalable, does not contain the inefficiencies of current solutions, remains valid as the capacity of wired and wireless links increase, and is independent of the signal range of the rogue APs. C1 [Watkins, Lanier; Beyah, Raheem] Georgia State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Corbett, Cherita] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Watkins, L (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. OI Watkins, Lanier/0000-0002-3322-1833 NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-1042-2 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2007 BP 355 EP + PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BHY77 UT WOS:000257505700066 ER PT S AU O'Reilly, GP Jrad, A Kelic, A LeClaire, R AF O'Reilly, Gerard P. Jrad, Ahmad Kelic, Andjelka LeClaire, Rene GP IEEE TI Telecom critical infrastructure simulations: Discrete event simulation vs. dynamic simulation how do they compare? SO GLOBECOM 2007: 2007 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 07) CY NOV 26-30, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE DE critical infrastructures; reliability; disaster recovery; dynamic simulation; discrete-event simulation AB Critical national infrastructures for power, emergencv services, finance, and other basic industries rely heavily on information and telecommunications networks (voice, data, and video) to provide services and conduct business. The telecommunication network is recognized by the federal government as one of the critical national infrastructures that must be maintained and protected against debilitating attack. This paper describes a comparison between two simulation models of the voice telecommunications infrastructure for a metropolitan area for both vvireline and wireless networks with millions of subscribers. One simulation is a very detailed discrete-event call-by-call simulation model, and the second is a higher level time-based system dynamics model. The purpose of these models is to investigate the availability of the telecom infrastructure under disruptions. The results show that the higher level system dynamics models can successfully match the summary results of the more detailed model and can be run several orders of magnitude faster. C1 [O'Reilly, Gerard P.; Jrad, Ahmad] Bell Labs, Alcatel Lucent, 600 Mt Ave, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. [Kelic, Andjelka] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. [LeClaire, Rene] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP O'Reilly, GP (reprint author), Bell Labs, Alcatel Lucent, 600 Mt Ave, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. EM goreilly@alcatel-lucent.corn FU U.S. Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) Preparedness Directorate FX We would like to thank our colleagues at Bell Labs, Sandia, Argonne and Los Alamos National Labs, and especially Theresa Brown and Sharon Deland for providing insight and direction to many of our efforts. The National Infrastructure Simulation and Analysis Center is a joint program at Sandia National Laboratories and Los Alamos National Laboratory, funded and managed by the U.S. Department of Homeland Securitys (DHS) Preparedness Directorate. The views contained in this paper are those of the authors and do not represent the official views of DHS. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-1042-2 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2007 BP 2597 EP + PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BHY77 UT WOS:000257505702103 ER PT S AU Ramaswamy, V Cuellar, L Eidenbenz, S Hengartner, N AF Ramaswamy, Venkatesh Cuellar, Leticia Eidenbenz, Stephan Hengartner, Nicolas GP IEEE TI Low overhead router-based congestion control techniques to protect responsive traffic SO GLOBECOM 2007: 2007 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 07) CY NOV 26-30, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB In this paper, we present queue management algorithms with low implementation complexity that can partition the bandwidth of an outgoing link among flows in a high speed packet switch. These algorithms belong to a family of queue management schemes called Sending Rate Estimate Based Queue Management Schemes (SREQM), which try to prevent congestion by effectively limiting flows based on their estimated sending rates. We also present techniques based on sampling and Bloom filters to further reduce the implementation overhead. The capability of the algorithms to protect responsive flows from non-responsive flows are confirmed by exhaustive analysis and simulations. C1 [Ramaswamy, Venkatesh; Cuellar, Leticia; Eidenbenz, Stephan; Hengartner, Nicolas] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Informat Sci Grp CCS 3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ramaswamy, V (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Informat Sci Grp CCS 3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM vramaswa@lanl.gov; leticia@lanl.gov; eidenben@lanl.gov; nickh@lanl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-1042-2 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2007 BP 2740 EP 2745 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BHY77 UT WOS:000257505702129 ER PT J AU Jurgens, B Kubel, C Schulz, C Nowitzki, T Zielasek, V Biener, J Biener, MM Hamza, AV Baumer, M AF Juergens, Birte Kuebel, Christian Schulz, Christian Nowitzki, Tobias Zielasek, Volkmar Biener, Juergen Biener, Monika M. Hamza, Alex V. Baeumer, Marcus TI New gold and silver-gold catalysts in the shape of sponges and sieves SO GOLD BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE catalysis; surface chemistry; gold; silver; nanoparticle; nanostructure; zeolite; carbon monoxide; oxidation ID CO OXIDATION; ELECTRON TOMOGRAPHY; MATERIALS SCIENCE; NANOPOROUS GOLD; CARBON-MONOXIDE; AU; ZEOLITE; OXYGEN; NANOPARTICLES; EPOXIDATION AB Gold with a nanoporous sponge-like morphology, generated by leaching of AuAg alloys is presented as a new unsupported material system for catalytic applications. The role of residual silver for catalytic activity towards CO oxidation in the temperature range from -20 to 50 degrees C has been investigated by comparison with Au and Au/Ag zeolite catalysts. As revealed by a systematic variation of the silver content in the zeolite catalysts, bimetallic systems exhibit a significantly higher activity than pure gold, probably due to activation/dissociation of molecular oxygen by silver. By STEM tomography we can unambiguously prove that at least some of the particles form inside the zeolite lattice. C1 Univ Bremen, Inst Appl & Phys Chem, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. Fraunhofer Inst Mfg Technol & Appl Mat Sci, IFAM, Adhes Bonding & Surfaces Div, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, NSCL, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Jurgens, B (reprint author), Univ Bremen, Inst Appl & Phys Chem, Leobener Str NW2, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. EM mbaeumer@uni-bremen.de RI Kubel, Christian/A-1720-2009; Baumer, Marcus/S-5441-2016; OI Baumer, Marcus/0000-0002-8620-1764; Kuebel, Christian/0000-0001-5701-4006 NR 45 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 41 PU WORLD GOLD COUNCIL PI LONDON PA 55 OLD BROAD STREET, LONDON EC2M 1RX, ENGLAND SN 0017-1557 J9 GOLD BULL JI Gold Bull. PY 2007 VL 40 IS 2 BP 142 EP 149 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 190LJ UT WOS:000248060000007 ER PT J AU Wongpreedee, K Russell, AM AF Wongpreedee, K. Russell, A. M. TI The stability of Pt nanofilaments in a Au-matrix composite SO GOLD BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE gold; composite; transformation; capillary; activation energy ID IN-SITU COMPOSITE; DIFFUSION; STRENGTH; ALLOYS AB Au-7 at.% Pt Deformation-processed Metal Metal Composite (DMMC) was isothermally annealed at various times and temperatures. Avrami and Arrhenius relations were used to evaluate the kinetics of the transformation from the initial metastable nanofilamentary microstructure to the equilibrium homogeneous solid solution condition. Results indicated that the activation energy for this transformation was 167 +/- 6 kJ/mol. This activation energy is lower than activation energies reported in the literature for planar interface, single crystal Au-Pt diffusion couple experiments. The effects of chemical potential, surface curvature, and strain effects on the empirical activation energies determined in the DMMC of this study are discussed These factors are thought to cause the DMMC systems to reach equilibrium faster. C1 Sninakharinwirot Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Gen Sci, Mat Sci Gems & Jewelry Program, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, US Dept Energy, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wongpreedee, K (reprint author), Sninakharinwirot Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Gen Sci, Mat Sci Gems & Jewelry Program, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. EM kageeporn@swu.ac.th OI Russell, Alan/0000-0001-5264-0104 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU WORLD GOLD COUNCIL PI LONDON PA 55 OLD BROAD STREET, LONDON EC2M 1RX, ENGLAND SN 0017-1557 J9 GOLD BULL JI Gold Bull. PY 2007 VL 40 IS 3 BP 199 EP 205 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 219RU UT WOS:000250103100005 ER PT B AU Hu, BL Roura, A AF Hu, B. L. Roura, Albert BE Nester, JM Chen, CM Hsu, JP TI Black hole fluctuations and dynamics from back-reaction of Hawking radiation: Current work and further studies based on stochastic gravity SO Gravitation and Astrophysics: On the Occasion of the 90th Year of General Relativity LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Asia-Pacific International Conference on Gravitation and Astrophysics CY NOV 23-26, 2005 CL Natl Cent Univ, Taipei, TAIWAN HO Natl Cent Univ ID WEAKLY INHOMOGENEOUS COSMOLOGIES; EINSTEIN-LANGEVIN EQUATION; SEMICLASSICAL GRAVITY; GRAVITATIONAL-FIELD; HORIZON FLUCTUATIONS; DISSIPATION; THERMODYNAMICS; EVAPORATION; TOPOLOGIES; EVOLUTION AB We give a progress report of our research on spacetime fluctuations induced by quantum fields in an evaporating black hole and a black hole in quasi-equilibrium with its Hawking radiation. We note the main issues involved in these two classes of problems and outline the key steps for a systematic quantitative investigation. This report contains unpublished new ideas for further studies. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hu, BL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-256-950-9 PY 2007 BP 236 EP 250 DI 10.1142/9789812772923_0029 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGA11 UT WOS:000245740400029 ER PT S AU Norris, B Bhowmick, S Kaushik, D McInnes, LC AF Norris, Boyana Bhowmick, Sanjukta Kaushik, Dinesh McInnes, Lois Curfman BE Gaffney, PW Pool, JCT TI Middleware for dynamic adaptation of component applications SO GRID-BASED PROBLEM SOLVING ENVIRONMENTS SE International Federation for Information Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Grid-Based Problem Solving Environments CY JUL 17-21, 2006 CL Prescott, AZ SP IFIP TC 2/WG 2 5 ID PDE-BASED SIMULATIONS; PSEUDOTRANSIENT CONTINUATION; LINEAR SOLVERS; SOFTWARE; ALGORITHM; EQUATIONS; PARALLEL; SYSTEM AB Component- and service-based software engineering approaches have been gaining popularity in high-performance scientific computing, facilitating the creation and management of large multidisciplinary, multideveloper applications, and providing opportunities for improved performance and numerical accuracy. These software engineering approaches enable the development of middleware infrastructure for computational quality of service (CQoS), which provides performance optimizations through dynamic algorithm selection and configuration in a mostly automated fashion. The factors that affect performance are closely tied to a component's parallel implementation, its management of parallel communication and memory, the algorithms executed, the algorithmic parameters employed, and other operational characteristics. We present the design of a component middlewaxe CQoS architecture for automated composition and adaptation of high-performance component- or service-based applications. We describe its initial implementation and corresponding experimental results for parallel simulations involving time-dependent nonlinear partial differential equations. C1 [Norris, Boyana; Bhowmick, Sanjukta; Kaushik, Dinesh; McInnes, Lois Curfman] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Bhowmick, Sanjukta] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Norris, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM norris@mcs.anl.gov; bhowmick@mcs.anl.gov; kaushik@mcs.anl.gov; mcinnes@mcs.anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [W-31-109-Eng-38]; National Science Foundation award [04-06403] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract W-31-109-Eng-38 and by the National Science Foundation award 04-06403. We thank the members of the Common Component Architecture Forum for many stimulating discussions about high-performance software components. We also thank Barry Smith for making some enhancements to the PETSc library to facilitate the development of adaptive solvers. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1571-5736 BN 978-0-387-73658-7 J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 2007 VL 239 BP 127 EP + PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGT39 UT WOS:000250406100008 ER PT S AU Konerding, DE Jackson, KR AF Konerding, David E. Jackson, Keith R. BE Gaffney, PW Pool, JCT TI PythonCLServiceTool: A utility for wrapping command-line applications for the grid SO GRID-BASED PROBLEM SOLVING ENVIRONMENTS SE International Federation for Information Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Grid-Based Problem Solving Environments CY JUL 17-21, 2006 CL Prescott, AZ SP IFIP TC 2/WG 2 5 AB The international science community has invested large amounts of money in developing numerical and computational codes for everything from basic math to application specific codes. These codes are now a vital part of the scientific process. However, running these codes can be challenging. Many require a highly specialized environment, and may only run in a few locations. To maximize the usage of these codes, it is necessary to enable network access to them. We discuss our recent work in developing automated tools to enable network access to command line applications using Grid[1] tools. C1 [Konerding, David E.; Jackson, Keith R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Distributed Syst Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Konerding, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Distributed Syst Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dekonerding@lbl.gov; krjackson@lbl.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1571-5736 BN 978-0-387-73658-7 J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 2007 VL 239 BP 195 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGT39 UT WOS:000250406100011 ER PT S AU Beckman, P Nadella, S Trebon, N Beschastnikh, I AF Beckman, Pete Nadella, Suman Trebon, Nick Beschastnikh, Ivan BE Gaffney, PW Pool, JCT TI SPRUCE: A system for supporting urgent high-performance computing SO GRID-BASED PROBLEM SOLVING ENVIRONMENTS SE International Federation for Information Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Grid-Based Problem Solving Environments CY JUL 17-21, 2006 CL Prescott, AZ SP IFIP TC 2/WG 2 5 AB Modeling and simulation using high-performance computing are playing an increasingly important role in decision making and prediction. For time-critical emergency decision support applications, such as influenza modeling and severe,weather prediction, late results may be useless. A specialized infrastructure is needed to provide computational resources quickly. This paper describes the architecture and implementation of SPRUCE, a system for supporting urgent computing on both traditional supercomputers and distributed computing Grids. Currently deployed on the TeraGrid, SPRUCE provides users with "right-of-way tokens" that can be activated from a Web-based portal or Web service invocation in the event of an urgent computing need. Tokens are transferrable and can be restricted to specific resource sets and priority levels. Once a session is activated, job submissions may request elevated priority. Based on local policy, computing resources can respond, for example, by preempting active jobs or raising the job's priority in the queue. This paper also explores the strengths and weaknesses of the SPRUCE architecture and token-based activation for urgent computing applications. C1 [Beckman, Pete] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Nadella, Suman; Trebon, Nick] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Beschastnikh, Ivan] Univ Washington, Dept Comp Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Beckman, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM beckman@mcs.anl.gov; snadella@uchicago.edu; ntrebon@uchicago.edu; ivan@cs.washington.edu NR 12 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1571-5736 BN 978-0-387-73658-7 J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 2007 VL 239 BP 295 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGT39 UT WOS:000250406100016 ER PT S AU Gropp, WD AF Gropp, William D. BE Gaffney, PW Pool, JCT TI Observations on WoCo9 SO Grid-Based Problem Solving Environments SE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION FOR INFORMATION PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Grid-Based Problem Solving Environments CY JUL 17-21, 2006 CL Prescott, AZ SP IFIP TC 2/WG 2 5 C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gropp, WD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Gropp, William/0000-0003-2905-3029 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1571-5736 BN 978-0-387-73658-7 J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 2007 VL 239 BP 451 EP 453 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGT39 UT WOS:000250406100025 ER PT J AU Toll, NJ Rasmussen, TC AF Toll, Nathanial J. Rasmussen, Todd C. TI Removal of barometric pressure effects and earth tides from observed water levels SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article AB The effects of barometric pressure and earth tide changes are often observed in ground water level measurements. These disturbances can make aquifer test interpretation difficult by masking the small changes induced by aquifer testing at late times and great distances. A computer utility is now available that automatically removes the effects of barometric pressure and earth tides from water level observations using regression deconvolution. This procedure has been shown to remove more noise then traditional constant barometric efficiency techniques in both confined and unconfined aquifers. Instead of a single, instantaneous barometric efficiency, the procedure more correctly accounts for the lagged responses caused by barometric pressure and earth tide changes. Simultaneous measurements of water levels (or total heads) and nearby barometric pressures are required. As an additional option, the effects of earth tides can also be removed using theoretical earth tides. The program is demonstrated for two data sets collected at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, Carlsbad, New Mexico. The program is available free by request at http://www.hydrology.uga.edu/tools.html. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Toll, NJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 4100 Natl Pk Highway, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. EM njtoll@sandia.gov; trasmuss@uga.edu NR 9 TC 29 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 45 IS 1 BP 101 EP 105 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00254.x PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 125WK UT WOS:000243474000020 PM 17257346 ER PT S AU Sharp, ID Xu, Q Yuan, CW Beeman, JW Ager, JW Chrzan, DC Haller, EE AF Sharp, I. D. Xu, Q. Yuan, C. W. Beeman, J. W. Ager, J. W., III Chrzan, D. C. Haller, E. E. BE Tsybeskov, L Lockwood, DJ Delerue, C Ichikawa, M VanBuuren, AW TI Photo-oxidation of ge nanocrystals: Kinetic measurements by in situ raman spectroscopy SO Group IV Semiconductor Nanostructures-2006 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Group 4 Semiconductor Nanostructures held at the 2006 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2006 CL Boston, MA ID SILICON NANOCRYSTALS; OXIDATION AB Ge nanocrystals are formed in silica by ion beam synthesis and are subsequently exposed by selective HF etching of the silica. Under ambient conditions, the exposed nanocrystals are stable after formation of a protective native oxide shell of no more than a few monolayers. However, under visible laser illumination at room temperature and in the presence Of O-2, the nanocrystals rapidly oxidize. The oxidation rate was monitored by measuring the Raman spectra of the Ge nanocrystals in-situ. The intensity ratio of the anti-Stokes to the Stokes line indicated that no significant laser-induced heating of illuminated nanocrystals occurs. Therefore, the oxidation reaction rate enhancement is due to a photo-cbemical process. The oxidation rate varies nearly linearly with the logarithm of the laser intensity, and at constant laser intensity the rate increases with increasing photon energy. These kinetic measurements, along with the power dependencies, are described quantitatively by an electron active oxidation mechanism involving tunneling of optically excited electrons through the forming oxide skin and subsequent transport of oxygen ions to the Ge nanocrystal surface. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sharp, ID (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-915-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 958 BP 87 EP 92 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Crystallography; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BGF38 UT WOS:000246426600010 ER PT S AU Apostolakis, J Wright, DH AF Apostolakis, John Wright, Dennis H. BE Albrow, M Raja, R TI An overview of the Geant4 toolkit SO HADRONIC SHOWER SIMULATION WORKSHOP SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop CY SEP 06-08, 2006 CL Batavia, IL SP Univ Res Assoc, US DOE DE simulation; Geant4 ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; SIMULATION TOOLKIT; TRANSVERSE FLOW; COLLECTIVITY AB Geant4 is a toolkit for the simulation of the transport of radiation through matter. With a flexible kernel and choices between different physics modeling choices, it has been tailored to the requirements of a wide range of applications. With the toolkit a user can describe a setup's or detector's geometry and materials, navigate inside it, simulate the physical interactions using a choice of physics engines, underlying physics cross-sections and models, visualise and store results. Physics models describing electromagnetic and hadronic interactions are provided, as are decays and processes for optical photons. Several models, with different precision and performance are available for many processes. The toolkit includes coherent physics model configurations, which are called physics lists. Users can choose an existing physics list or create their own, depending on their requirements and the application area. A clear structure and readable code, enable the user to investigate the origin of physics results. Application areas include detector simulation and background simulation in High Energy Physics experiments, simulation of accelerator setups, studies in medical imaging and treatment and the study of the effects of solar radiation on spacecraft instruments. C1 [Apostolakis, John] CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Wright, Dennis H.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Apostolakis, J (reprint author), CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0401-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 896 BP 1 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BGC59 UT WOS:000246038700001 ER PT S AU Wright, DH Koi, T Folger, G Ivanchenko, V Kossov, M Starkov, N Heikkinen, A Wellisch, HP AF Wright, Dennis H. Koi, Tatsumi Folger, Gunter Ivanchenko, Vladimir Kossov, Mikhail Starkov, Nikolai Heikkinen, Aatos Wellisch, Hans-Peter BE Albrow, M Raja, R TI Low and high energy modeling in Geant4 SO HADRONIC SHOWER SIMULATION WORKSHOP SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop CY SEP 06-08, 2006 CL Batavia, IL SP Univ Res Assoc, US DOE DE simulation; Geant4 ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; GLUON STRING MODEL; TRANSVERSE FLOW; COLLECTIVITY AB Four of the most-used Geant4 hadronic models, the Quark-gluon string, Bertini-style cascade, Binary cascade and Chiral Invariant Phase Space, are discussed. These models cover high, medium and low energies, respectively, and represent a more theoretical approach to simulating hadronic interactions than do the Low Energy and High Energy Parameterized models. The four models together do not yet cover all particles for all energies, so the Low Energy and High Energy Parameterized models, among others, are used to fill the gaps. The validity range in energy and particle type of each model is presented, as is a discussion of the models' distinguishing features. The main modeling stages are also described qualitatively and areas for improvement are pointed out for each model. C1 [Wright, Dennis H.; Koi, Tatsumi] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Starkov, Nikolai] CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. [Heikkinen, Aatos] Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki, Finland. RP Wright, DH (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RI Starkov, Nikolai/D-9293-2014 OI Starkov, Nikolai/0000-0001-5735-2451 FU Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) through from U.S. Department of Energy; European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN); Helsinki Institute of Physics FX This work was supported by the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) through a grant from the U.S. Department of Energy. It was also supported by the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) and the Helsinki Institute of Physics. NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0401-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 896 BP 11 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BGC59 UT WOS:000246038700002 ER PT S AU Koi, T Wright, DH Folger, G Ivantchenko, V Kossov, M Starkov, N Heikkinen, A Truscott, P Lei, F Wellisch, HP AF Koi, Tatsumi Wright, Dennis H. Folger, Gunter Ivantchenko, Vladimir Kossov, Mikhail Starkov, Nikolai Heikkinen, Aatos Truscott, Pete Lei, Fan Wellisch, Hans-Peter BE Albrow, M Raja, R TI Validation of hadronic models in Geant4 SO HADRONIC SHOWER SIMULATION WORKSHOP SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop CY SEP 06-08, 2006 CL Batavia, IL SP Univ Res Assoc, US DOE DE simulation; Geant4 ID PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTIONS; NEGATIVE PIONS; MEV PROTONS; ABSORPTION; NEUTRONS; NUCLEI; ENERGY AB Geant4 is a software toolkit for the simulation of the passage of particles through matter. It has abundant hadronic models from thermal neutron interactions to ultra relativistic hadrons. An overview of validations in Geant4 hadronic physics is presented based on thin-target measurements. In most cases, good agreement is available between Monte Carlo prediction and experimental data; however, several problems have been detected which require some improvement in the models. C1 [Koi, Tatsumi; Wright, Dennis H.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Folger, Gunter; Ivantchenko, Vladimir; Kossov, Mikhail; Starkov, Nikolai; Wellisch, Hans-Peter] CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. [Heikkinen, Aatos] Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki, Finland. [Truscott, Pete; Lei, Fan] QinetiQ, Farnborough, Hants, England. RP Koi, T (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Starkov, Nikolai/D-9293-2014 OI Starkov, Nikolai/0000-0001-5735-2451 FU Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) through U.S. Department of Energy; European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN); Helsinki Institute of Physics FX This work was supported by the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) through a grant from the U.S. Department of Energy. It was also supported by the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) and the Helsinki Institute of Physics. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0401-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 896 BP 21 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BGC59 UT WOS:000246038700003 ER PT S AU Battistoni, G Cerutti, F Fasso, A Ferrari, A Muraro, S Ranft, J Roesler, S Sala, PR AF Battistoni, G. Cerutti, F. Fasso, A. Ferrari, A. Muraro, S. Ranft, J. Roesler, S. Sala, P. R. BE Albrow, M Raja, R TI The FLUKA code: description and benchmarking SO HADRONIC SHOWER SIMULATION WORKSHOP SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop CY SEP 06-08, 2006 CL Batavia, IL SP Univ Res Assoc, US DOE DE Monte Carlo simulations; calorimetry; nuclear interactions ID SCINTILLATING-TILE CALORIMETER; ATMOSPHERIC NEUTRINO FLUX; LIQUID ARGON CALORIMETER; MONTE-CARLO CALCULATION; PRE-EQUILIBRIUM DECAY; NEAR-EARTH ORBIT; HIGH-ENERGY; BESS SPECTROMETER; MUON SPECTRA; COSMIC-RAYS AB The physics model implemented inside the FLUKA code are briefly described, with emphasis on hadronic interactions. Examples of the capabilities of the code are presented including basic (thin target) and complex benchmarks. C1 [Battistoni, G.; Muraro, S.; Sala, P. R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cerutti, F.; Ferrari, A.; Roesler, S.] CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Fasso, A.] SLAC, Stanford, CA USA. [Ranft, J.] Univ Siegen, D-57068 Siegen, Germany. RP Battistoni, G (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RI Battistoni, Giuseppe/B-5264-2012; OI Battistoni, Giuseppe/0000-0003-3484-1724; sala, paola/0000-0001-9859-5564 NR 74 TC 587 Z9 590 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0401-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 896 BP 31 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BGC59 UT WOS:000246038700004 ER PT S AU Mokhov, NV Striganov, SI AF Mokhov, N. V. Striganov, S. I. BE Albrow, M Raja, R TI MARS15 overview SO HADRONIC SHOWER SIMULATION WORKSHOP SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop CY SEP 06-08, 2006 CL Batavia, IL SP Univ Res Assoc, US DOE DE hadrons; cascades; Monte Carlo; simulation ID PARTICLE PRODUCTION; PROTONS; DEPENDENCE; CODE AB MARS15 is a Monte Carlo code for inclusive and exclusive simulation of three-dimensional hadronic and electromagnetic cascades, muon. heavy-ion, and low-energy neutron transport in accelerator, detector, spacecraft and shielding components in the energy range from a fraction of an electron volt up to 100 TeV Main features of the code are described in this paper with a focus on recent developments and benchmarking. Newest developments concern inclusive and exclusive nuclear event generators, extended particle list in both modes, heavy-ion capability, electromagnetic interactions, enhanced geometry, tracking, histograming and residual dose modules, improved graphical-user interface, and other external interfaces. C1 [Mokhov, N. V.; Striganov, S. I.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Mokhov, NV (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 26 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0401-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 896 BP 50 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BGC59 UT WOS:000246038700005 ER PT S AU Waters, LS McKinney, GW Durkee, JW Fensin, ML Hendricks, JS James, MR Johns, RC Pelowitz, DB AF Waters, Laurie S. McKinney, Gregg W. Durkee, Joe W. Fensin, Michael L. Hendricks, John S. James, Michael R. Johns, Russell C. Pelowitz, Denise B. BE Albrow, M Raja, R TI The MCNPX Monte Carlo radiation transport code SO HADRONIC SHOWER SIMULATION WORKSHOP SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop CY SEP 06-08, 2006 CL Batavia, IL SP Univ Res Assoc, US DOE DE MCNPX; MCNP; Monte Carlo; radiation transport; particle transport; neutronics ID INTRANUCLEAR-CASCADE CALCULATION; PARTICLES; DENSITY AB MCNPX (Monte Carlo N-Particle eXtended) is a general-purpose Monte Carlo radiation transport code with three-dimensional geometry and continuous-energy transport of 34 particles and light ions. It contains flexible source and tally options, interactive graphics, and support for both sequential and multi-processing computer platforms. MCNPX is based on MCNP4c and has been upgraded to most MCNP5 capabilities. MCNP is a highly stable code tracking neutrons, photons and electrons, and using evaluated nuclear data libraries for low-energy interaction probabilities. MCNPX has extended this base to a comprehensive set of particles and light ions, with heavy ion transport in development. Models have been included to calculate interaction probabilities when libraries are not available. Recent additions focus on the time evolution of residual nuclei decay, allowing calculation of transmutation and delayed particle emission. MCNPX is now a code of great dynamic range, and the excellent neutronics capabilities allow new opportunities to simulate devices of interest to experimental particle physics, particularly calorimetry. This paper describes the capabilities of the current MCNPX version 2.6.C, and also discusses ongoing code development. C1 [Waters, Laurie S.; McKinney, Gregg W.; Durkee, Joe W.; Fensin, Michael L.; Hendricks, John S.; James, Michael R.; Johns, Russell C.; Pelowitz, Denise B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS K575, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Waters, LS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS K575, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 22 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0401-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 896 BP 81 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BGC59 UT WOS:000246038700008 ER PT S AU Hughes, HG AF Hughes, H. Grady BE Albrow, M Raja, R TI MCNP/X transport in the tabular regime SO Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop CY SEP 06-08, 2006 CL Batavia, IL SP Univ Res Assoc, US DOE DE Monte Carlo; neutron transport; particle transport; nuclear data tables ID IONIZATION; ELECTRONS; MODEL AB We review the transport capabilities of the MCNP and MCNPX Monte Carlo codes in the energy regimes in which tabular transport data are available. Giving special attention to neutron tables, we emphasize the measures taken to improve the treatment of a variety of difficult aspects of the transport problem, including unresolved resonances, thermal issues, and the availability of suitable cross sections sets. We also briefly touch on the current situation in regard to photon, electron, and proton transport tables. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp X 3 MCC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hughes, HG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp X 3 MCC, MS A143, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0401-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 896 BP 91 EP 101 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BGC59 UT WOS:000246038700009 ER PT S AU Mokhov, NV Striganov, SI AF Mokhov, N. V. Striganov, S. I. BE Albrow, M Raja, R TI Hadronic shower code inter-comparison and verification SO HADRONIC SHOWER SIMULATION WORKSHOP SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop CY SEP 06-08, 2006 CL Batavia, IL SP Univ Res Assoc, US DOE DE hadrons; cascades; simulation; particle production; energy deposition ID COLLISIONS; TARGETS; YIELDS; PIONS; GEV/C AB To evaluate the quality of general purpose particle interaction and transport codes widely used in the high-energy physics community, express benchmarking is conducted. Seven tasks, important for high-energy physics applications, are chosen. For this first shot they are limited to particle production on thin and thick targets and energy deposition in targets and calorimetric setups. Five code groups were asked to perform calculations in the identical conditions and provide results to the authors of this report. Summary of the code inter-comparison and verification against available experimental data is presented in this paper. Agreement is quite reasonable in many cases, but quite serious problems were revealed in the others. C1 [Mokhov, N. V.; Striganov, S. I.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Mokhov, NV (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. OI Sanami, Toshiya/0000-0003-2255-8008 FU Fermi Research Alliance; LLC [DE-AC02-07CH11359]; U.S. Department of Energy FX Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0401-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 896 BP 112 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BGC59 UT WOS:000246038700011 ER PT S AU Groom, DE AF Groom, Donald E. BE Albrow, M Raja, R TI A simplistic view of hadron calorimetry SO Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop CY SEP 06-08, 2006 CL Batavia, IL SP Univ Res Assoc, US DOE DE hadron calorimetry; hadron cascades; sampling calorimetry ID PARTICLE IDENTIFICATION; FIBER CALORIMETER; SILICON DETECTORS; IONIZATION; ELECTRON; PION AB All too often we rely on Monte Carlo simulations without worrying too much about basic physics. It is possible to start with a very simple calorimeter (a big cylinder) and learn the functional form of pi/e by an induction argument. Monte Carlo simulations provide sanity checks and constants. A power-law functional form describes test beam results surprisingly well. The prediction that calorimeters respond differently to protons and pions of the same energy was unexpected. The effect was later demonstrated by the CMS forward calorimeter group, using the most noncompensating calorimeter ever built. Calorimeter resolution is dominated by fluctuations in pi(0) production and the energy deposit by neutrons. The DREAM collaboration has recently used a dual readout calorimeter to eliminate the first of these. Ultimate resolution depends on measuring neutrons on an event-by-event basis as well. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Groom, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 50R6008, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0401-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 896 BP 137 EP 149 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BGC59 UT WOS:000246038700013 ER PT S AU Ellis, M AF Ellis, Malcolm CA MuScat Collaboration BE Albrow, M Raja, R TI Results from MuScat SO Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop CY SEP 06-08, 2006 CL Batavia, IL SP Univ Res Assoc, US DOE DE multiple scattering; ionisation cooling ID SCATTERING AB This paper presents the measurement of the scattering of 172 MeV/c muons in assorted materials and compares these measurements with the predictions of a number of simulations. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Ellis, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0401-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 896 BP 168 EP 177 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BGC59 UT WOS:000246038700016 ER PT S AU Piperov, S AF Piperov, Stefan BE Albrow, M Raja, R TI CMS validation experience: Test-beam 2004 data vs Geant4 SO Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop CY SEP 06-08, 2006 CL Batavia, IL SP Univ Res Assoc, US DOE DE Monte-Carlo simulation; Geant4 validation; physics lists; calorimeters; test-beam; hadronic showers; longitudinal shower profiles AB A comparison between the Geant4 Monte-Carlo simulation of CMS Detector's Calorimetric System and data from the 2004 Test-Beam at CERN's SPS H2 beam-line is presented. The overall simulated response agrees quite well with the measured response. Slight differences in the longitudinal shower profiles between the MC predictions made with different Physics Lists are observed. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Piperov, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0401-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 896 BP 195 EP 204 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BGC59 UT WOS:000246038700019 ER PT S AU Raja, R AF Raja, Rajendran BE Albrow, M Raja, R TI Possibilities of new data in hadroproduction SO Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop CY SEP 06-08, 2006 CL Batavia, IL SP Univ Res Assoc, US DOE DE particle production; calorimetry ID DETECTOR; CHAMBERS AB We describe experiments that can produce data that is of relevance to hadronic shower simulation. In particular we describe the possibilifies to dramatically improve the quality of the data available for improving hadronic shower simulators made possible with the upgraded Main Injector Particle production Experiment (MIPP). We describe the status of MIPP which has to date acquired 19 million events of particle interactions using (5 GeV/c-120 GeV/c) pi(+/-), K-+/- and p(+/-) beams on various targets and the plans to upgrade the data acquisition speed of MIPP to make it run 100 times faster. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Raja, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, PO Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0401-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 896 BP 225 EP 234 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BGC59 UT WOS:000246038700022 ER PT S AU Waters, LS AF Waters, Laurie S. BE Albrow, M Raja, R TI Summary of the 2006 hadronic shower simulation workshop SO Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop CY SEP 06-08, 2006 CL Batavia, IL SP Univ Res Assoc, US DOE DE Monte Carlo; radiation transport; particle transport; neutronics AB The 2006 Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop, held September 6-8, 2006 at Fermi National Laboratory brought together an international assembly of experts in the field of hadronic shower development. The overall goal was to present the current understanding of the physics of hadronic showers, and to study examples of how this is measured in particle-physics calorimetty. The modeling of such events is critical, and the major Monte Carlo codes, FLUKA, GEANT, MARS, MCNPX, and PHTS were represented at the workshop. A wide range of physics, much of which is used by the simulation codes was also discussed, ranging from the hadronic CEM, LAQGSM, and DTUJET models, down to low energy neutronics capabilities. Special purpose codes and methodologies used for specific applications such as muon and neutrino physics were also shown. The results of a code benchmarking exercises were presented and extensively discussed. This paper summarizes the key topics presented in the workshop. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Waters, LS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS K575, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0401-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 896 BP 235 EP 249 PG 15 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BGC59 UT WOS:000246038700023 ER PT S AU Beitz, JV Liu, GK AF Beitz, James V. Liu, Guokui BE Gschneidner, KA Bunzli, JCG Pecharsky, VK TI DEDICATION TO WILLIAM T. CARNALL SO HANDBOOK ON THE PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF RARE EARTHS, VOL 37: OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY SE Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths LA English DT Biographical-Item; Book Chapter C1 [Beitz, James V.; Liu, Guokui] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Beitz, JV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1573-4366 BN 978-0-08-054858-6 J9 HBK PHYS CHEM RARE PY 2007 VL 37 BP XI EP XXVII DI 10.1016/S0168-1273(07)37037-2 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BCO84 UT WOS:000310919200002 ER EF