FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Dai, ZX Samper, J AF Dai, Zhenxue Samper, Javier TI Inverse modeling of water flow and multicomponent reactive transport in coastal aquifer systems SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE geochemical parameters; stepwise inversion; coastal aquifer; kinetics; selectivity; cation exchange capacity; paleohydrology; paleogeochemistry; reactive transport ID POROUS-MEDIA; COMPONENTS; CATION; EXCHANGE AB Modeling groundwater flow and geochemical evolution is a useful toot for studying the paleohydrogeoiogy of coastal aquifer systems. Complex geochemical reaction patterns and tong freshening time of coastal aquifers make these processes difficult to model. A stepwise inversion method is presented here for the identification of geochemical processes and the estimation of model parameters in two field cases. The first one deals with reactive solute transport through the Llobregat delta aquitard (Barcelona, Spain) in which saline water is being displaced by fresh water moving upwards from a lower aquifer. The inverse methodology provides optimum estimates of geochemical parameters and identifies methane oxidation as a key process controlling the geochemical evolution in the aquitard and leading to a fit to measured concentration profiles which improves previous modeling results. The methodology is applied also to a complex field case in the Aquia aquifer (MD, USA) which involves time scales on the order of 105 years. Available hydrogeochemical data are used to derive optimum estimates of transmissivities, leakage rates, dispersivities, selectivity coefficients, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and initial and boundary concentrations of chemical components. Inverse modeling in this case provides optimum parameter estimates and additional insight into the paleohydrology and paleogeochemistry of the Aquia aquifer. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ A Coruna, Escuela Tecn Super Ingn Caminos Canales & Puertos, La Coruna, Spain. RP Dai, ZX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Mail Stop T003, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM daiz@lanl.gov; jsamper@udc.es RI Samper, Javier /F-7311-2016; OI Samper, Javier /0000-0002-9532-8433; Dai, Zhenxue/0000-0002-0805-7621 NR 49 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD AUG 20 PY 2006 VL 327 IS 3-4 BP 447 EP 461 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.11.052 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 075FZ UT WOS:000239870900014 ER PT J AU Birkholzer, JT AF Birkholzer, Jens T. TI Estimating liquid fluxes in thermally perturbed fractured rock using measured temperature profiles SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE heat; flow; fractured rock; temperature profile; thermal perturbation ID THERMOHYDROLOGIC CONDITIONS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SIMILARITY SOLUTION; YUCCA MOUNTAIN; POROUS-MEDIA; HEAT-FLOW; TUFF; SEEPAGE; NEVADA; DRIFT AB A new temperature-profile method was recently developed for analyzing perturbed flow conditions in strongly heated porous media. The method uses high-resolution temperature data to estimate the magnitude of the heat-driven liquid and gas fluxes that form as a result of boiling, condensation, and recirculation of pore water. In this paper, we evaluate the applicabitity of this new method to the more complex flow behavior in fractured formations with porous rock matrix. In such formations, the porous but low-permeable matrix provides most of the mass and heat storage capacity, and dominates conductive heat transfer. Fractures, on the other hand, offer highly effective conduits for gas and liquid flow, thereby generating significant advective heat transfer. After establishing the accuracy of the temperature-profile method for fractured porous formations, we apply the method to analyze the perturbed flow conditions in a large-scale underground heater test conducted in unsaturated fractured porous tuff. The flux estimates for this test indicate a significant reflux of water near the heat source, on the order of a few hundred millimeter per year - much larger than the ambient percolation flux of only a few millimeter per year. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Birkholzer, JT (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS-90-116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jtbirkholzer@lbl.gov RI Birkholzer, Jens/C-6783-2011 OI Birkholzer, Jens/0000-0002-7989-1912 NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD AUG 20 PY 2006 VL 327 IS 3-4 BP 496 EP 515 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.11.049 PG 20 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 075FZ UT WOS:000239870900018 ER PT J AU Fischer, DA Moodenbaugh, AR Li, Q Gu, GD Zhu, YM Davenport, JW Welch, DO Su, HB AF Fischer, D. A. Moodenbaugh, A. R. Li, Qiang Gu, G. D. Zhu, Yimei Davenport, J. W. Welch, D. O. Su, Haibin TI Soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy of the mgb(2) boron K edge in an mgb(2)/mg composite SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE soft X-ray absorption; MgB2; superconductor ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; MGB2; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB Soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), using fluorescence yield, was used to study the boron K near edge in MgB2 superconductor. The sample consists of MgB2 CryStallites randomly oriented in a magnesium matrix. Abrasion of the sample surface in vacuum provides a surface relatively free of boron-containing impurities. The intrinsic boron K near edge spectrum of the sample at a temperature of 295 K is identified. This spectrum is then compared in detail with a spectrum calculated using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave method. Features predicted by the theory appear near the expected energies, with qualitative agreement regarding shape and intensity. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fischer, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel.fischer@nist.gov; moodenba@bnl.gov; HBSu@ntu.edu.sg RI Gu, Genda/D-5410-2013; OI Gu, Genda/0000-0002-9886-3255; Moodenbaugh, Arnold/0000-0002-3415-6762; Su, Haibin/0000-0001-9760-6567 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-9849 EI 1793-6640 J9 MOD PHYS LETT B JI Mod. Phys. Lett. B PD AUG 20 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 19 BP 1207 EP 1216 DI 10.1142/S0217984906011736 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 086GE UT WOS:000240661000008 ER PT J AU Xiao, K Ivanov, IN Puretzky, AA Liu, ZQ Geohegan, DB AF Xiao, Kai Ivanov, Ilia N. Puretzky, Alex A. Liu, Zuqin Geohegan, David B. TI Directed integration of tetracyanoquinodimethane-Cu organic nanowires into prefabricated device architectures SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL SWITCHING PROPERTIES; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; TCNQ THIN-FILMS; FABRICATION; MEMORY; MICROSCOPY; GROWTH; ARRAYS AB Single-crystal nanowires of the organic semiconductor tetracyanoquinodi-methane-Cu (TCNQ-Cu) are directly integrated into prefabricated micro-electrode structures by growing the wires from an intermediate copper layer on the electrodes, as shown in the figure. This technique allows the nanowire growth to be integrated with device fabrication on a wide variety of substrates, eliminating the need for further assembly. The nanowire devices show bistable electrical switching behavior, which may be useful for high-density data storage. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xiao, K (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM xiaok@ornl.gov RI Xiao, Kai/A-7133-2012; ivanov, ilia/D-3402-2015; Puretzky, Alexander/B-5567-2016; Geohegan, David/D-3599-2013 OI Xiao, Kai/0000-0002-0402-8276; ivanov, ilia/0000-0002-6726-2502; Puretzky, Alexander/0000-0002-9996-4429; Geohegan, David/0000-0003-0273-3139 NR 30 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 31 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD AUG 18 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 16 BP 2184 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200600621 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 082SX UT WOS:000240408600021 ER PT J AU Wei, YN Fu, D AF Wei, Yinan Fu, Dax TI Binding and transport of metal ions at the dimer interface of the Escherichia coli metal transporter YiiP SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SARCOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; ZINC TRANSPORTER; CALCIUM-PUMP; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PROTEINS; CHEMISTRY; MECHANISM; COMPLEX; FAMILY; ATPASE AB YiiP is a representative member of the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) family, a class of ubiquitous metal transporters that play an essential role in metal homeostasis. Recently, a pair of Zn2+/Cd2+-selective binding sites has been localized to two highly conserved aspartyl residues (Asp(157)), each in a 2-fold-symmetry-related transmembrane segment 5 (TM5) of a YiiP homodimer. Here we report the functional and structural interactions between Asp(157) and yet another highly conserved Asp(49) in the TM2. Calorimetric binding analysis indicated that Asp(49) and Asp(157) contribute to a common Cd2+ binding site in each subunit. Copper phenanthroline oxidation of YiiP(D49C), YiiP(D157C), and YiiP(D49C/D157C) yielded inter-and intra-subunit cross-links among Cys(49) and Cys(157), consistent with the spatial proximity of two (Asp(49)-Asp(157)) sites at the dimer interface. Hg2+ binding to YiiP(D49C) or YiiP(D49C/D157C) also yielded a Cys(49)-Hg2+ -Cys(49) biscysteinate complex across the dimer interface, further establishing the interfacial location of a (Asp(49)-Asp(157))(2) bimetal binding center. Two bound Cd2+ ions were found transported cooperatively with a sigmoidal dependence on the Cd2+ concentration (n = 1.4). The binding affinity, transport cooperativity, and rate were modestly reduced by either a D49C or D157C mutation, but greatly diminished when all the bidentate aspartate O-ligands in (Asp(49)-Asp(157))(2) were replaced by the monodentate cysteine S-ligands. The functional significance of these findings is discussed based on the unique coordination chemistry of aspartyl residues and a model for the translocation pathway of metal ions at the YiiP dimer interface. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fu, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Bldg 463, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM dax@bnl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM65137] NR 24 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD AUG 18 PY 2006 VL 281 IS 33 BP 23492 EP 23502 DI 10.1074/jbc.M602254200 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 072WE UT WOS:000239702900024 PM 16790427 ER PT J AU Chiu, JC Marshak, A Knyazikhin, Y Wiscombe, WJ Barker, HW Barnard, JC Luo, Y AF Chiu, J. Christine Marshak, Alexander Knyazikhin, Yuri Wiscombe, Warren J. Barker, Howard W. Barnard, James C. Luo, Yi TI Remote sensing of cloud properties using ground-based measurements of zenith radiance SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL DEPTH; VEGETATION; RETRIEVAL; SCATTERING; RADIOMETER; THICKNESS; ALGORITHM; ALBEDO AB [1] We have conducted the first extensive field test of two new methods to retrieve optical properties for overhead clouds that range from patchy to overcast. The methods use measurements of zenith radiance at 673 and 870 nm wavelengths and require the presence of green vegetation in the surrounding area. The test was conducted at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Oklahoma site during September - November 2004. These methods work because at 673 nm ( red) and 870 nm ( near infrared (NIR)), clouds have nearly identical optical properties, while vegetated surfaces reflect quite differently. The first method, dubbed REDvsNIR, retrieves not only cloud optical depth tau but also radiative cloud fraction. Because of the 1-s time resolution of our radiance measurements, we are able for the first time to capture changes in cloud optical properties at the natural timescale of cloud evolution. We compared values of tau retrieved by REDvsNIR to those retrieved from downward shortwave fluxes and from microwave brightness temperatures. The flux method generally underestimates tau relative to the REDvsNIR method. Even for overcast but inhomogeneous clouds, differences between REDvsNIR and the flux method can be as large as 50%. In addition, REDvsNIR agreed to better than 15% with the microwave method for both overcast and broken clouds. The second method, dubbed COUPLED, retrieves tau by combining zenith radiances with fluxes. While extra information from fluxes was expected to improve retrievals, this is not always the case. In general, however, the COUPLED and REDvsNIR methods retrieve tau to within 15% of each other. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. NASA, Climate & Radiat Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Geog, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Meteorol Serv Canada, Cloud Phys Res Div, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Nat Resources Canada, Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y7, Canada. RP Chiu, JC (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM cchiu@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Wiscombe, Warren/D-4665-2012; Chiu, Christine/E-5649-2013; Marshak, Alexander/D-5671-2012 OI Wiscombe, Warren/0000-0001-6844-9849; Chiu, Christine/0000-0002-8951-6913; NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 18 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D16 AR D16201 DI 10.1029/2005JD006843 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 076XS UT WOS:000239992400004 ER PT J AU Gu, LH Meyers, T Pallardy, SG Hanson, PJ Yang, B Heuer, M Hosman, KP Riggs, JS Sluss, D Wullschleger, SD AF Gu, Lianhong Meyers, Tilden Pallardy, Stephen G. Hanson, Paul J. Yang, Bai Heuer, Mark Hosman, Kevin P. Riggs, Jeffery S. Sluss, Dan Wullschleger, Stan D. TI Direct and indirect effects of atmospheric conditions and soil moisture on surface energy partitioning revealed by a prolonged drought at a temperate forest site SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; CENTRAL MISSOURI; WATER RELATIONS; CLIMATE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; VARIABILITY; ADAPTATION; CLOUDINESS; VEGETATION; RESPONSES AB [ 1] The purpose of this paper is to examine the mechanism that controls the variation of surface energy partitioning between latent and sensible heat fluxes at a temperate deciduous forest site in central Missouri, USA. Taking advantage of multiple micrometeorological and ecophysiological measurements and a prolonged drought in the middle of the 2005 growing season at this site, we studied how soil moisture, atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and net radiation affected surface energy partitioning. We stratified these factors to minimize potential confounding effects of correlation among them. We found that all three factors had direct effects on surface energy partitioning, but more important, all three factors also had crucial indirect effects. The direct effect of soil moisture was characterized by a rapid decrease in Bowen ratio with increasing soil moisture when the soil was dry and by insensitivity of Bowen ratio to variations in soil moisture when the soil was wet. However, the rate of decrease in Bowen ratio when the soil was dry and the level of soil moisture above which Bowen ratio became insensitive to changes in soil moisture depended on atmospheric conditions. The direct effect of increased net radiation was to increase Bowen ratio. The direct effect of VPD was very nonlinear: Increased VPD decreased Bowen ratio at low VPD but increased Bowen ratio at high VPD. The indirect effects were much more complicated. Reduced soil moisture weakened the influence of VPD but enhanced the influence of net radiation on surface energy partitioning. Soil moisture also controlled how net radiation influenced the relationship between surface energy partitioning and VPD and how VPD affected the relationship between surface energy partitioning and net radiation. Furthermore, both increased VPD and increased net radiation enhanced the sensitivity of Bowen ratio to changes in soil moisture and the effect of drought on surface energy partitioning. The direct and indirect effects of atmospheric conditions and soil moisture on surface energy partitioning identified in this paper provide a target for testing atmospheric general circulation models in their representation of land-atmosphere coupling. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Air Resources Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Gu, LH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Bldg 1509, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM lianhong-gu@ornl.gov RI Gu, Lianhong/H-8241-2014; Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011; Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016 OI Gu, Lianhong/0000-0001-5756-8738; Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561; Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446; NR 34 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 4 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 18 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D16 AR D16102 DI 10.1029/2006JD007161 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 076XS UT WOS:000239992400008 ER PT J AU Aybat, SM Dixon, LJ Sterman, G AF Aybat, S. Mert Dixon, Lance J. Sterman, George TI Two-loop anomalous-dimension matrix for soft-gluon exchange SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID JET CROSS-SECTIONS; SUDAKOV FORM-FACTOR; SCATTERING-AMPLITUDES; ASYMPTOTIC-BEHAVIOR; LEADING ORDER; WILSON LOOPS; HIGH-ENERGY; QCD; RESUMMATION; QUARK AB The resummation of soft-gluon exchange for QCD hard scattering requires a matrix of anomalous dimensions. We compute this matrix directly for arbitrary 2 -> n massless processes for the first time at two loops. Using color-generator notation, we show that it is proportional to the one-loop matrix. This result reproduces all pole terms in dimensional regularization of the explicit calculations of massless 2 -> 2 amplitudes in the literature, and it predicts all poles at next-to-next-to-leading order in any 2 -> n process that has been computed at next-to-leading order. The proportionality of the one- and two-loop matrices makes possible the resummation in closed form of the next-to-next-to-leading logarithms and poles in dimensional regularization for the 2 -> n processes. C1 Stony Brook Univ, CN Yang Inst Theoret Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Aybat, SM (reprint author), Stony Brook Univ, CN Yang Inst Theoret Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 32 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 18 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 7 AR 072001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.072001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 074WI UT WOS:000239842100008 PM 17026220 ER PT J AU Byrd, JM Hao, Z Martin, MC Robin, DS Sannibale, F Schoenlein, RW Zholents, AA Zolotorev, MS AF Byrd, J. M. Hao, Z. Martin, M. C. Robin, D. S. Sannibale, F. Schoenlein, R. W. Zholents, A. A. Zolotorev, M. S. TI Laser seeding of the storage-ring microbunching instability for high-power coherent terahertz radiation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY PULSES; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; GENERATION AB We report the first observation of laser seeding of the storage-ring microbunching instability. Above a threshold bunch current, the interaction of the beam and its radiation results in a coherent instability, observed as a series of stochastic bursts of coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) at terahertz frequencies initiated by fluctuations in the beam density. We have observed that this effect can be seeded by imprinting an initial density modulation on the beam by means of laser "slicing." In such a situation, most of the bursts of CSR become synchronous with the pulses of the modulating laser and their average intensity scales exponentially with the current per bunch. We present detailed experimental observations of the seeding effect and a model of the phenomenon. This seeding mechanism also creates potential applications as a high-power source of CSR at terahertz frequencies. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Byrd, JM (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM FSannibale@LBL.gov RI Schoenlein, Robert/D-1301-2014; Hao, Zhao/G-2391-2015 OI Schoenlein, Robert/0000-0002-6066-7566; Hao, Zhao/0000-0003-0677-8529 NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 18 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 7 AR 074802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.074802 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 074WI UT WOS:000239842100024 PM 17026236 ER PT J AU Chen, S Avakian, H Burkert, VD Eugenio, P Adams, G Amarian, M Ambrozewicz, P Anghinolfi, M Asryan, G Bagdasaryan, H Baillie, N Ball, JP Baltzell, NA Barrow, S Batourine, V Battaglieri, M Beard, K Bedlinskiy, I Bektasoglu, M Bellis, M Benmouna, N Berman, BL Biselli, AS Bonner, BE Bouchigny, S Boiarinov, S Bosted, P Bradford, R Branford, D Briscoe, WJ Brooks, WK Bultmann, S Butuceanu, C Calarco, JR Careccia, SL Carman, DS Carnahan, B Cazes, A Cole, PL Collins, P Coltharp, P Cords, D Corvisiero, P Crabb, D Crannell, H Crede, V Cummings, JP De Masi, R DeVita, R De Sanctis, E Degtyarenko, PV Denizli, H Dennis, L Deur, A Dharmawardane, KV Dhuga, KS Djalali, C Dodge, GE Donnelly, J Doughty, D Dugger, M Dytman, S Dzyubak, OP Egiyan, H Egiyan, KS El Fassi, L Elouadrhiri, L Fatemi, R Fedotov, G Feldman, G Feuerbach, RJ Forest, TA Funsten, H Garcon, M Gavalian, G Gilfoyle, GP Giovanetti, KL Girod, FX Goetz, JT Golovatch, E Gonenc, A Gothe, RW Griffioen, KA Guidal, M Guillo, M Guler, N Guo, L Gyurjyan, V Hadjidakis, C Hafidi, K Hakobyan, H Hakobyan, RS Hardie, J Heddle, D Hersman, FW Hicks, K Hleiqawi, I Holtrop, M Huertas, M Hyde-Wright, CE Ilieva, Y Ireland, DG Ishkhanov, BS Isupov, EL Ito, MM Jenkins, D Jo, HS Joo, K Juengst, HG Keith, C Kellie, JD Khandaker, M Kim, KY Kim, K Kim, W Klein, A Klein, FJ Klusman, M Kossov, M Kramer, LH Kubarovsky, V Kuhn, J Kuhn, SE Kuleshov, SV Lachniet, J Laget, JM Langheinrich, J Lawrence, D Li, J Lima, ACS Livingston, K Lu, H Lukashin, K MacCormick, M Markov, N McAleer, S McKinnon, B McNabb, JWC Mecking, BA Mestayer, MD Meyer, CA Mibe, T Mikhailov, K Minehart, R Mirazita, M Miskimen, R Mokeev, V Morand, L Morrow, SA Moteabbed, M Mueller, J Mutchler, GS Nadel-Turonski, P Napolitano, J Nasseripour, R Natasha, N Niccolai, S Niculescu, G Niculescu, I Niczyporuk, BB Niroula, MR Niyazov, RA Nozar, M O'Rielly, GV Osipenko, M Ostrovidov, AI Park, K Pasyuk, E Paterson, C Philips, SA Pierce, J Pivnyuk, N Pocanic, D Pogorelko, O Polli, E Popa, I Pozdniakov, S Preedom, BM Price, JW Prok, Y Protopopescu, D Qin, LM Raue, BA Riccardi, G Ricco, G Ripani, M Ritchie, BG Ronchetti, F Rosner, G Rossi, P Rowntree, D Rubin, PD Sabatie, F Salgado, C Santoro, JP Sapunenko, V Schumacher, RA Serov, VS Sharabian, YG Shaw, J Shvedunov, NV Skabelin, AV Smith, ES Smith, LC Sober, DI Stavinsky, A Stepanyan, SS Stepanyan, S Stokes, BE Stoler, P Strakovsky, II Strauch, S Suleiman, R Taiuti, M Tedeschi, DJ Thoma, U Tkabladze, A Tkachenko, S Todor, L Tur, C Ungaro, M Vanderhaeghen, M Vineyard, MF Vlassov, AV Watts, DP Weinstein, LB Weygand, DP Williams, M Wolin, E Wood, MH Yegneswaran, A Yun, J Zana, L Zhang, J Zhao, B Zhao, Z AF Chen, S. Avakian, H. Burkert, V. D. Eugenio, P. Adams, G. Amarian, M. Ambrozewicz, P. Anghinolfi, M. Asryan, G. Bagdasaryan, H. Baillie, N. Ball, J. P. Baltzell, N. A. Barrow, S. Batourine, V. Battaglieri, M. Beard, K. Bedlinskiy, I. Bektasoglu, M. Bellis, M. Benmouna, N. Berman, B. L. Biselli, A. S. Bonner, B. E. Bouchigny, S. Boiarinov, S. Bosted, P. Bradford, R. Branford, D. Briscoe, W. J. Brooks, W. K. Bultmann, S. Butuceanu, C. Calarco, J. R. Careccia, S. L. Carman, D. S. Carnahan, B. Cazes, A. Cole, P. L. Collins, P. Coltharp, P. Cords, D. Corvisiero, P. Crabb, D. Crannell, H. Crede, V. Cummings, J. P. De Masi, R. DeVita, R. De Sanctis, E. Degtyarenko, P. V. Denizli, H. Dennis, L. Deur, A. Dharmawardane, K. V. Dhuga, K. S. Djalali, C. Dodge, G. E. Donnelly, J. Doughty, D. Dugger, M. Dytman, S. Dzyubak, O. P. Egiyan, H. Egiyan, K. S. El Fassi, L. Elouadrhiri, L. Fatemi, R. Fedotov, G. Feldman, G. Feuerbach, R. J. Forest, T. A. Funsten, H. Garcon, M. Gavalian, G. Gilfoyle, G. P. Giovanetti, K. L. Girod, F. X. Goetz, J. T. Golovatch, E. Gonenc, A. Gothe, R. W. Griffioen, K. A. Guidal, M. Guillo, M. Guler, N. Guo, L. Gyurjyan, V. Hadjidakis, C. Hafidi, K. Hakobyan, H. Hakobyan, R. S. Hardie, J. Heddle, D. Hersman, F. W. Hicks, K. Hleiqawi, I. Holtrop, M. Huertas, M. Hyde-Wright, C. E. Ilieva, Y. Ireland, D. G. Ishkhanov, B. S. Isupov, E. L. Ito, M. M. Jenkins, D. Jo, H. S. Joo, K. Juengst, H. G. Keith, C. Kellie, J. D. Khandaker, M. Kim, K. Y. Kim, K. Kim, W. Klein, A. Klein, F. J. Klusman, M. Kossov, M. Kramer, L. H. Kubarovsky, V. Kuhn, J. Kuhn, S. E. Kuleshov, S. V. Lachniet, J. Laget, J. M. Langheinrich, J. Lawrence, D. Li, Ji Lima, A. C. S. Livingston, K. Lu, H. Lukashin, K. MacCormick, M. Markov, N. McAleer, S. McKinnon, B. McNabb, J. W. C. Mecking, B. A. Mestayer, M. D. Meyer, C. A. Mibe, T. Mikhailov, K. Minehart, R. Mirazita, M. Miskimen, R. Mokeev, V. Morand, L. Morrow, S. A. Moteabbed, M. Mueller, J. Mutchler, G. S. Nadel-Turonski, P. Napolitano, J. Nasseripour, R. Natasha, N. Niccolai, S. Niculescu, G. Niculescu, I. Niczyporuk, B. B. Niroula, M. R. Niyazov, R. A. Nozar, M. O'Rielly, G. V. Osipenko, M. Ostrovidov, A. I. Park, K. Pasyuk, E. Paterson, C. Philips, S. A. Pierce, J. Pivnyuk, N. Pocanic, D. Pogorelko, O. Polli, E. Popa, I. Pozdniakov, S. Preedom, B. M. Price, J. W. Prok, Y. Protopopescu, D. Qin, L. M. Raue, B. A. Riccardi, G. Ricco, G. Ripani, M. Ritchie, B. G. Ronchetti, F. Rosner, G. Rossi, P. Rowntree, D. Rubin, P. D. Sabatie, F. Salgado, C. Santoro, J. P. Sapunenko, V. Schumacher, R. A. Serov, V. S. Sharabian, Y. G. Shaw, J. Shvedunov, N. V. Skabelin, A. V. Smith, E. S. Smith, L. C. Sober, D. I. Stavinsky, A. Stepanyan, S. S. Stepanyan, S. Stokes, B. E. Stoler, P. Strakovsky, I. I. Strauch, S. Suleiman, R. Taiuti, M. Tedeschi, D. J. Thoma, U. Tkabladze, A. Tkachenko, S. Todor, L. Tur, C. Ungaro, M. Vanderhaeghen, M. Vineyard, M. F. Vlassov, A. V. Watts, D. P. Weinstein, L. B. Weygand, D. P. Williams, M. Wolin, E. Wood, M. H. Yegneswaran, A. Yun, J. Zana, L. Zhang, J. Zhao, B. Zhao, Z. CA CLAS Collaboration TI Measurement of deeply virtual compton scattering with a polarized-proton target SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; NUCLEON; CLAS AB The longitudinal target-spin asymmetry A(UL) for the exclusive electroproduction of high-energy photons was measured for the first time in ep -> e(')p gamma. The data have been accumulated at JLab with the CLAS spectrometer using 5.7 GeV electrons and a longitudinally polarized NH3 target. A significant azimuthal angular dependence was observed, resulting from the interference of the deeply virtual Compton scattering and Bethe-Heitler processes. The amplitude of the sin phi moment is 0.252 +/- 0.042(stat)+/- 0.020(sys). Theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the magnitude and the kinematic dependence of the target-spin asymmetry, which is sensitive to the generalized parton distributions (H) over tilde and H. C1 Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Calif State Univ Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA 90747 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. CEA Saclay, Serv Phys Nucl, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Idaho State Univ, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genoa, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Inst Phys Nucl, F-91406 Orsay, France. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. James Madison Univ, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Gen Nucl Phys Inst, Moscow 119899, Russia. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Union Coll, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. RP Chen, S (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RI Zhao, Bo/J-6819-2012; Brooks, William/C-8636-2013; Kuleshov, Sergey/D-9940-2013; Schumacher, Reinhard/K-6455-2013; Meyer, Curtis/L-3488-2014; Ireland, David/E-8618-2010; Bektasoglu, Mehmet/A-2074-2012; Lu, Haiyun/B-4083-2012; Protopopescu, Dan/D-5645-2012; riccardi, gabriele/A-9269-2012; Zana, Lorenzo/H-3032-2012; Isupov, Evgeny/J-2976-2012; Ishkhanov, Boris/E-1431-2012; Sabatie, Franck/K-9066-2015; Osipenko, Mikhail/N-8292-2015; Zhang, Jixie/A-1461-2016; OI Zhao, Bo/0000-0003-3171-5335; Brooks, William/0000-0001-6161-3570; Kuleshov, Sergey/0000-0002-3065-326X; Schumacher, Reinhard/0000-0002-3860-1827; Meyer, Curtis/0000-0001-7599-3973; Ireland, David/0000-0001-7713-7011; Sabatie, Franck/0000-0001-7031-3975; Osipenko, Mikhail/0000-0001-9618-3013; Sapunenko, Vladimir/0000-0003-1877-9043; RIPANI, Maurizio/0000-0003-4450-8511; Hyde, Charles/0000-0001-7282-8120; Bellis, Matthew/0000-0002-6353-6043 NR 22 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 18 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 7 AR 072002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.072002 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 074WI UT WOS:000239842100009 PM 17026221 ER PT J AU De Martino, A Egger, R Tsvelik, AM AF De Martino, A. Egger, R. Tsvelik, A. M. TI Nonlinear magnetotransport in interacting chiral nanotubes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; LUTTINGER-LIQUID; TRANSPORT; BEHAVIOR AB Nonlinear transport through interacting single-wall nanotubes containing a few impurities is studied theoretically. Extending the Luttinger liquid theory to incorporate trigonal warping and chirality effects, we derive the current contribution I(e) even in the applied voltage V and odd in an orbital magnetic field B, which is nonzero only for chiral tubes and in the presence of interactions. C1 Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Theoret Phys, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP De Martino, A (reprint author), Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Theoret Phys, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. RI De Martino, Alessandro/A-4401-2008; Egger, Reinhold/A-9163-2010 OI De Martino, Alessandro/0000-0002-3656-0419; Egger, Reinhold/0000-0001-5451-1883 NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 18 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 7 AR 076402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.076402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 074WI UT WOS:000239842100041 PM 17026253 ER PT J AU Du, MH Limpijumnong, S Zhang, SB AF Du, Mao-Hua Limpijumnong, Sukit Zhang, S. B. TI Hydrogen-mediated nitrogen clustering in dilute III-V nitrides SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; PAIR LUMINESCENCE; GAAS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; COMPLEXES; SILICON AB First-principles calculation reveals multi-N clusters to be the ground states for hydrogenated N in dilute III-V nitrides. While hydrogenation of a single N, forming H(2)*(N), can relax the large strain induced by the size-mismatched N, formation of the clusters will relax the strain even more effectively. This suppresses the formation of H(2)*(N), the existence of which has recently been debated. More importantly, postgrowth dehydrogenation of the N-H clusters provides an explanation to the observed metastable bare N clusters in GaAsN grown by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy or metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Suranaree Univ Technol, Natl Synchrotron Res Ctr, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. Suranaree Univ Technol, Sch Phys, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. RP Du, MH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009; Du, Mao-Hua/B-2108-2010; Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013 OI Du, Mao-Hua/0000-0001-8796-167X; Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860 NR 24 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 18 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 7 AR 075503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.075503 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 074WI UT WOS:000239842100032 PM 17026244 ER PT J AU Halzen, F Hooper, D AF Halzen, Francis Hooper, Dan TI AMANDA observations constrain the ultrahigh energy neutrino flux SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COSMIC-RAY; AIR-SHOWERS; SPECTRUM; NUCLEI AB A number of experimental techniques are currently being deployed in an effort to make the first detection of ultrahigh energy cosmic neutrinos. To accomplish this goal, techniques using radio and acoustic detectors are being developed, which are optimally designed for studying neutrinos with energies in the PeV-EeV range and above. Data from the AMANDA experiment, in contrast, have been used to place limits on the cosmic neutrino flux at less extreme energies (up to similar to 10 PeV). In this Letter, we show that by adopting a different analysis strategy, optimized for much higher energy neutrinos, the same AMANDA data can be used to place a limit competitive with radio techniques at EeV energies. We also discuss the sensitivity of the IceCube experiment, in various stages of deployment, to ultrahigh energy neutrinos. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Ctr Particle Astrophys, Fermilab, Batavia, IL USA. RP Halzen, F (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 18 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 7 AR 071101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.071101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 074WI UT WOS:000239842100005 PM 17026217 ER PT J AU Majeski, R Doerner, R Gray, T Kaita, R Maingi, R Mansfield, D Spaleta, J Soukhanovskii, V Timberlake, J Zakharov, L AF Majeski, R. Doerner, R. Gray, T. Kaita, R. Maingi, R. Mansfield, D. Spaleta, J. Soukhanovskii, V. Timberlake, J. Zakharov, L. TI Enhanced energy confinement and performance in a low-recycling Tokamak SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID LITHIUM LIMITER; CDX-U; SPHERICAL TORUS; DISCHARGES; TRANSPORT; PARTICLE; PLASMAS; EDGE AB Extensive lithium wall coatings and liquid lithium plasma-limiting surfaces reduce recycling, with dramatic improvements in Ohmic plasma discharges in the Current Drive Experiment-Upgrade. Global energy confinement times increase by up to 6 times. These results exceed confinement scalings such as ITER98P(y,1) by 2-3 times, and represent the largest increase in energy confinement ever observed for an Ohmic tokamak plasma. Measurements of D-alpha emission indicate that global recycling coefficients decrease to approximately 0.3, the lowest documented for a magnetically confined hydrogen plasma. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Majeski, R (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 22 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 18 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 7 AR 075002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.075002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 074WI UT WOS:000239842100026 PM 17026238 ER PT J AU Narayanan, RA Thiyagarajan, P Lewis, S Bansal, A Schadler, LS Lurio, LB AF Narayanan, R. Aravinda Thiyagarajan, P. Lewis, S. Bansal, A. Schadler, L. S. Lurio, L. B. TI Dynamics and internal stress at the nanoscale related to unique thermomechanical behavior in polymer nanocomposites SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HETEROGENEOUS DYNAMICS; GLASS-TRANSITION; RELAXATION; LIQUIDS AB A small amount of alumina nanoparticles in polymethylmethacrylate causes a sharp depression of the glass transition temperature (T-g) accompanied by a toughening of the composite. We investigated this phenomenon using multispeckle x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. Measurements reveal a dynamic structure factor that has the form exp[-(t/tau(a))(beta)], with beta greater than 1. We show for the first time that beta(T) tracks the internal stress at the polymer-particle interface. The internal stress, which we propose arises due to the entropic penalty that the polymer faces in the presence of the nanoparticles, engenders temporally heterogeneous dynamics. In the jammed glassy state, we show that the dominant fast relaxation mode-tau(max)-aided by a weak dewetting interface relieves the stress and follows the variations in T-g. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Narayanan, RA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM raghavanan@ornl.gov NR 23 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 18 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 7 AR 075505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.075505 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 074WI UT WOS:000239842100034 PM 17026246 ER PT J AU Tang, M Carter, WC Cannon, RM AF Tang, Ming Carter, W. Craig Cannon, Rowland M. TI Grain boundary transitions in binary alloys SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LATTICE-GAS MODEL; SOLUTE SEGREGATION; MONTE-CARLO; POLYCRYSTALS; STABILITY; DYNAMICS; FILMS AB A thermodynamic diffuse interface analysis predicts that grain boundary transitions in solute absorption are coupled to localized structural order-disorder transitions. An example calculation of a planar grain boundary using a symmetric binary alloy shows that first-order boundary transitions can be predicted as a function of the crystallographic grain boundary misorientation and empirical gradient coefficients. The predictions are compared to published experimental observations. C1 MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tang, M (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 30 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 40 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 18 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 7 AR 075502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.075502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 074WI UT WOS:000239842100031 PM 17026243 ER PT J AU King, AW Gunderson, CA Post, WM Weston, DJ Wullschleger, SD AF King, Anthony W. Gunderson, Carla A. Post, Wilfred M. Weston, David J. Wullschleger, Stan D. TI Photosynthesis in balance with respiration? Response SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID CO2 C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP King, AW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Weston, David/A-9116-2011; Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012; Post, Wilfred/B-8959-2012 OI Weston, David/0000-0002-4794-9913; Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446; NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 18 PY 2006 VL 313 IS 5789 BP 917 EP 918 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 074MR UT WOS:000239817000018 ER PT J AU Ohta, T Bostwick, A Seyller, T Horn, K Rotenberg, E AF Ohta, Taisuke Bostwick, Aaron Seyller, Thomas Horn, Karsten Rotenberg, Eli TI Controlling the electronic structure of bilayer graphene SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BAND-STRUCTURE; CARBON NANOTUBES; BERRYS PHASE; GRAPHITE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; TRANSPORT AB We describe the synthesis of bilayer graphene thin films deposited on insulating silicon carbide and report the characterization of their electronic band structure using angle-resolved photoemission. By selectively adjusting the carrier concentration in each layer, changes in the Coulomb potential led to control of the gap between valence and conduction bands. This control over the band structure suggests the potential application of bilayer graphene to switching functions in atomic-scale electronic devices. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Gesell, Fritz Haber Inst, Dept Mol Phys, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys Kondensierten Mat, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. RP Rotenberg, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Rotenberg, Eli/B-3700-2009; Seyller, Thomas/F-8410-2011; Bostwick, Aaron/E-8549-2010 OI Rotenberg, Eli/0000-0002-3979-8844; Seyller, Thomas/0000-0002-4953-2142; NR 23 TC 1885 Z9 1911 U1 83 U2 818 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 18 PY 2006 VL 313 IS 5789 BP 951 EP 954 DI 10.1126/science.1130681 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 074MR UT WOS:000239817000038 PM 16917057 ER PT J AU Gans, J Wolinsky, M Dunbar, J AF Gans, Jason Wolinsky, Murray Dunbar, John TI Response to comment by Volkov et al. on "Computational improvements reveal great bacterial diversity and high metal toxicity in soil" SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID NUCLEIC-ACID REASSOCIATION; KINETICS C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. RP Dunbar, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. EM jdunbar@lanl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 18 PY 2006 VL 313 IS 5789 DI 10.1126/science.1121569 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 074MR UT WOS:000239817000020 ER PT J AU Gans, J Wolinsky, M Dunbar, J AF Gans, Jason Wolinsky, Murray Dunbar, John TI Response to comment by Bunge et al. on "Computational improvements reveal great bacterial diversity and high metal toxicity in soil" SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. RP Dunbar, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. EM jdunbar@lanl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 18 PY 2006 VL 313 IS 5789 DI 10.1126/science.1126853 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 074MR UT WOS:000239817000022 ER PT J AU Salazar, M Berry, DA Gardner, TH Shekhawat, D Floyd, D AF Salazar, Maria Berry, David A. Gardner, Todd H. Shekhawat, Dushyant Floyd, Donald TI Catalytic partial oxidation of methane over Pt/ceria-doped catalysts: Effect of ionic conductivity SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL LA English DT Article DE ceria; platinum; ionic conductivity; alumina; partial oxidation of methane ID SYNTHESIS GAS; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; SOLID ELECTROLYTES; SURFACE-AREA; CERIA; OXIDES; MODEL; CEO2; DISPERSION; REDUCTION AB Catalyst deactivation due to carbon deposition during the production of hydrogen rich synthesis gas has proven to be a major impediment in hydrocarbon fuel reforming. Several Pt-deposited catalysts were prepared and tested to study the role of ionic conductivity of the support material upon which they were deposited. Ceria-based supports used in this work were synthesized by a hydrothermal method and the catalysts were prepared by Pt addition (1 wt.%). Characterization of ceria-based supports included composition, surface area, crystal phases, reducibility and ionic conductivity. In order to study the influence of ionic conductivity on carbon deposition, Pt/(Ce0.56Zr0.44)O2-x, Pt/(Ce0.91Gd0.09)O2-x, Pt/(Ce0.71Gd0.29)O2-x, and Pt/CeO2 were utilized as catalysts in the conversion of methane to syn-gas at varying oxygen-to-carbon ratios. Carbon content on the catalysts measured post-test revealed that the gadolinium-doped catalysts generated less carbon deposition between the catalysts tested. Stability tests of Pt/ceria-based catalysts showed stable performance during a 24 h reaction period. In order to compare carbon formation by oxygen ion conducting and non-oxygen ion conducting catalysts, the partial oxidation of methane was carried out over Pt/gamma-Al2O3 and Pt/(Ce0.71Gd0.29)O2-x. Interestingly, the CH4 Conversion for both materials was comparable. However, the amount of carbon deposited on Pt/(Ce0.71Gd0.29)O2-x was observed to be much less than on the alumina-supported Pt catalyst. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Parsons RDS LLC, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Salazar, M (reprint author), Parsons RDS LLC, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM Maria.Salazar@pp.netl.doe.gov NR 33 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-860X J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen. PD AUG 17 PY 2006 VL 310 BP 54 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.apcata.2006.05.018 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 075FM UT WOS:000239869200007 ER PT J AU Beran, GJ Head-Gordon, M AF Beran, Gregory J. Head-Gordon, Martin TI On the nature of unrestricted orbitals in variational active space wave functions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID COUPLED-CLUSTER METHOD; DOUBLES MODEL; PERTURBATION-THEORY; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; BASIS-SETS; SPIN-CONTAMINATION; ENERGY; IMPLEMENTATION; CONVERGENCE; RESOLUTION AB Active space coupled cluster methods exhibit unusual, nonsmooth spin symmetry-breaking behavior where the unrestricted minimum lies higher in energy at short bond distances and crosses below the restricted solution at longer distances. The restricted solution is also observed to be a stable minimum slightly beyond the symmetry-breaking point. This behavior arises due to differences in the optimal active spaces defining the restricted and unrestricted wave functions and results in unrestricted wave functions that are not strictly size consistent. We suggest a new, size-consistent model that allows the orbitals to break spin symmetry only within the active space. C1 MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Beran, GJ (reprint author), MIT, Dept Chem Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM gberan@mit.edu RI Beran, Gregory/B-8684-2011 OI Beran, Gregory/0000-0002-2229-2580 NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD AUG 17 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 32 BP 9915 EP 9920 DI 10.1021/jp061814q PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 072EL UT WOS:000239655800018 PM 16898694 ER PT J AU Kweskin, SJ Rioux, RM Habas, SE Komvopoulos, K Yang, P Somorjai, GA AF Kweskin, S. J. Rioux, R. M. Habas, S. E. Komvopoulos, K. Yang, P. Somorjai, G. A. TI Carbon monoxide adsorption and oxidation on monolayer films of cubic platinum nanoparticles investigated by infrared-visible sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL; CO OXIDATION; ETHYLENE HYDROGENATION; SURFACE; PRESSURE; SPECTRA; DISSOCIATION; FABRICATION; CATALYSTS; NANOCRYSTALS AB The adsorption and oxidation of CO on monolayer films of cubic Pt nanoparticles synthesized by a modified solution-phase polyol process were examined by sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy in total internal reflection (TIR) geometry. Extremely low incident laser power (similar to 5 mu J/pulse of infrared) yields sufficient SFG intensity in TIR geometry and reduces destructive interference. Because TIR-SFG spectroscopy does not require correction for bulk gas absorption, CO spectra can be collected over a wide pressure range (< 1 mTorr up to 700 Torr). Poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-capped Pt nanoparticles deposited on single-crystal sapphire were monitored under high-pressure reaction conditions in a combined spectroscopy-catalytic reactor cell. The effect of the capping polymer on the position and intensity of the CO peak was studied before and after low-temperature calcination. The polymer decreased the amount of CO adsorption and caused a slight red-shift of the atop CO band relative to a surface treated in oxygen at 373 K. Oxidation rates were determined by measuring the intensity of the atop CO peak as a function of time in the presence of flowing oxygen. The activation energy (similar to 19.8 kcal/mol) determined from the SFG data is close to that obtained from gas chromatography (GC) measurements of CO oxidation rates at different temperatures. The SFG and GC results are in good agreement with published data for Pt(100) surfaces. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM somorjai@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 40 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 17 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 32 BP 15920 EP 15925 DI 10.1021/jp062418a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 072EO UT WOS:000239656100043 PM 16898745 ER PT J AU Zhou, J Mullins, DR AF Zhou, Jing Mullins, David R. TI Rh-promoted methanol decomposition on cerium oxide thin films SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID METAL-SUPPORT INTERACTIONS; MODEL CATALYSTS; TIO2(110) SURFACE; ADSORPTION; CO; NO; OXIDATION; DISSOCIATION; SIZE; PD AB Methanol adsorption and reaction have been studied on Rh-deposited cerium oxide thin films under UHV conditions using temperature-programmed desorption and synchrotron soft X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The methanol behavior was examined as a function of the Ce oxidation state, methanol exposure, and Rh particle size and coverage. When Rh nanoparticles were deposited on the ceria films, methanol decomposed on Rh to CO and H below 200 K. H atoms recombined and desorbed between 200 and 300 K. CO evolved from Rh deposited on fully oxidized ceria between 400 and 500 K. However, on reduced ceria films, the CO on Rh further decomposed to atomic C. Methanol adsorbed on the ceria films deprotonated to form methoxy as the only intermediate on the surface. This methoxy decomposed and desorbed as CO and H-2 at higher temperatures regardless of the ceria oxidation state. Compared with the methanol reaction on Rh-free ceria thin films, formaldehyde formation from methoxy was completely suppressed after Rh deposition. Our results indicate that Rh can promote the decomposition of methoxy adsorbed on the ceria and that decomposition of methoxy intermediates occurred at the metal/oxide interfaces. On the other hand, the reduced ceria can promote total methanol decomposition on Rh. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mullins, DR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mullinsdr@ornl.gov NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 17 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 32 BP 15994 EP 16002 DI 10.1021/jp061985v PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 072EO UT WOS:000239656100054 PM 16898756 ER PT J AU Gore, J Bryant, Z Nollmann, M Le, MU Cozzarelli, NR Bustamante, C AF Gore, Jeff Bryant, Zev Noellmann, Marcelo Le, Mai U. Cozzarelli, Nicholas R. Bustamante, Carlos TI DNA overwinds when stretched SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SUPERCOILED DNA; SINGLE-MOLECULE; ELASTICITY; SIMULATIONS; MECHANICS; TWEEZERS AB DNA is often modelled as an isotropic rod(1-4), but its chiral structure suggests the possible importance of anisotropic mechanical properties, including coupling between twisting and stretching degrees of freedom. Simple physical intuition predicts that DNA should unwind under tension, as it is pulled towards a denatured structure(4-8). We used rotor bead tracking to directly measure twist - stretch coupling in single DNA molecules. Here we show that for small distortions, contrary to intuition, DNA overwinds under tension, reaching a maximum twist at a tension of similar to 30 pN. As tension is increased above this critical value, the DNA begins to unwind. The observed twist - stretch coupling predicts that DNA should also lengthen when overwound under constant tension, an effect that we quantitatively confirm. We present a simple model that explains these unusual mechanical properties, and also suggests a possible origin for the anomalously large torsional rigidity of DNA. Our results have implications for the action of DNA-binding proteins that must stretch and twist DNA to compensate for variability in the lengths of their binding sites(9-11). The requisite coupled DNA distortions are favoured by the intrinsic mechanical properties of the double helix reported here. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bustamante, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM carlos@alice.berkeley.edu NR 30 TC 194 Z9 196 U1 3 U2 40 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 17 PY 2006 VL 442 IS 7104 BP 836 EP 839 DI 10.1038/nature04974 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 074DK UT WOS:000239792700051 PM 16862122 ER PT J AU Liu, HD Zhang, YF Zhong, C Xu, ZB AF Liu, Haidong Zhang, Yifei Zhong, Chen Xu, Zhangbu TI Extracting the charm cross-section from its semileptonic decay at RHIC SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; PHYSICS AB We propose a sensitive measurement of the charm total cross-section at RHIC through muon identification from charm semileptonic decay at low transverse momentum (PT). This can test the binary-collision scaling (N-bin) properties of the charm total cross-section and be used to study whether heavy-flavor quarks, which are used as a probe, are produced exclusively at the initial impact in hadron-hadron collisions. The effect of the charm semileptonic decay form factor on extracting the total charm cross section and on the shape of the lepton spectra are also discussed in detail. We conclude that lepton spectra from charmed hadron decays at transverse momentum PT similar or equal to 1.0 GeV/c are sensitive to the charmed hadron spectrum shape. Therefore, the interactions of heavy quarks with the medium created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, especially the flow effects, can be extracted from the lepton spectra from charmed hadron decays at low PT (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Sci & Technol China, Anhui 230027, Peoples R China. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. RP Xu, ZB (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM xzb@bnl.gov NR 43 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD AUG 17 PY 2006 VL 639 IS 5 BP 441 EP 446 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2006.07.008 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 073KH UT WOS:000239741200007 ER PT J AU Epelbaum, E AF Epelbaum, E. TI Four-nucleon force in chiral effective field theory SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-FORCES; LAGRANGIANS; SCATTERING; PIONS AB We derive the leading contribution to the four-nucleon force within the framework. of chiral effective field theory. It is governed by the exchange of pions and the lowest-order nucleon-nucleon contact interaction and includes effects due to the nonlinear pion-nucleon couplings and the pion self interactions constrained by the chiral symmetry of QCD. The resulting four-nucleon force does not contain any unknown parameters and can be tested in few- and many-nucleon studies. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Div Theory, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Epelbaum, E (reprint author), Div Theory, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM epelbaum@jlab.org NR 29 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD AUG 17 PY 2006 VL 639 IS 5 BP 456 EP 461 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2006.06.046 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 073KH UT WOS:000239741200010 ER PT J AU Lobell, DB Ortiz-Monasterio, JI AF Lobell, David B. Ortiz-Monasterio, J. Ivan TI Evaluating strategies for improved water use in spring wheat with CERES SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE deficit irrigation; irrigation efficiency; CERES; wheat; climate variability; soil heterogeneity ID IRRIGATION; YIELD; MODELS AB More efficient use of water in agricultural systems is widely needed. However, most irrigated systems are characterized by heterogeneous climate and soil conditions that interact strongly with irrigation management, making optimal irrigation decisions difficult to achieve. Here we investigated the impact of reduced irrigations on spring wheat yields in the Yaqui Valley of Mexico, a region experiencing increased water scarcity. Two years of field experiments containing three irrigation treatments each were used to evaluate the CERES-wheat crop model, with good agreement between observed and modeled yields. The model was then used in a sensitivity analysis whereby seven irrigation strategies were applied across a range of possible soil and climatic conditions. Results indicated that yield losses from reduced irrigations depend greatly on year, corresponding to large variations in rainfall between growing seasons. Estimates of the best timing strategy for a given number of irrigations were more robust with respect to climate variability. Soils also exhibited a strong interaction with irrigation, with the difference between initial soil moisture and wilting point deemed particularly important in this system. The optimal economic strategy was determined for each hypothetical soil based on the observed historical distribution of growing season climatic conditions. The results of this study demonstrate the need to consider soil and climate variability when interpreting experimental results, and the ability of the CERES model to serve this need by quantifying the relative importance of different heterogeneous factors. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, CIMMYT, Wheat Program, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. RP Lobell, DB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, POB 808 L-103, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM dlobell@llnl.gov NR 20 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD AUG 16 PY 2006 VL 84 IS 3 BP 249 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2006.02.007 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 072LK UT WOS:000239674700005 ER PT J AU Papadias, D Lee, SHD Chmielewski, DJ AF Papadias, Dennis Lee, Sheldon H. D. Chmielewski, Donald J. TI Autothermal reforming of gasoline for fuel cell applications: A transient reactor model SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CATALYTIC PARTIAL OXIDATION; WATER-GAS-SHIFT; CONTACT TIMES; METHANE; MONOLITH; HYDROGEN; HYDROCARBONS; SIMULATIONS; LIMITATIONS; PROCESSOR AB A mathematical model for an autothermal reforming (ATR) fuel processor has been developed to study the transient response of the reactor for gasoline reforming. The model was developed with experimental data from temperature profiles along the reactor and product composition (CO2, CO, and H-2 formation). Model versus experiment results were compared for three cases: partial oxidation, ATR using steam injection, and ATR using liquid water spray. In addition to analysis capabilities, the developed model is intended to help in the design of a feedback controller aimed at improving the dynamic response time of the system. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IIT, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Ctr Electrochem Sci & Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Papadias, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM papadias@cmt.anl.gov NR 42 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD AUG 16 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 17 BP 5841 EP 5858 DI 10.1021/ie051291t PG 18 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 071SX UT WOS:000239623600005 ER PT J AU Birrell, J Gerbi, JE Auciello, OA Carlisle, JA AF Birrell, James Gerbi, J. E. Auciello, O. A. Carlisle, J. A. TI Investigating the role of hydrogen in ultra-nanocrystalline diamond thin film growth SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Low Friction Coatings on Glass and Ceramics CY APR, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP Natl Sci Fdn, NIH ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MICROWAVE PLASMAS; ULTRANANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; DICARBON; MICROSTRUCTURE; ADDITIONS AB Hydrogen has long been known to be critical for the growth of high-quality microcrystalline diamond thin films as well as homoepitaxial single-crystal diamond. A hydrogen-poor growth process that results in ultra-nanocrystalline diamond thin films has also been developed, and it has been theorized that diamond growth with this gas chemistry can occur in the absence of hydrogen. This study investigates the role of hydrogen in the growth of ultra-nanocrystalline diamond thin films in two different regimes. First, we add hydrogen to the gas phase during growth, and observe that there seems to be a competitive growth process occurring between microcrystalline diamond and ultra-nanocrystalline diamond, rather than a simple increase in the grain size of ultra-nanocrystalline diamond. Second, we remove hydrogen from the plasma by changing the hydrocarbon precursor from methane to acetylene and observe that there does seem to be some sort of lower limit to the amount of hydrogen that can sustain ultra-nanocrystalline diamond growth. We speculate that this is due to the amount of hydrogen needed to stabilize the surface of the growing diamond nanocrystals. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Birrell, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 16 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 32 BP S1771 EP S1776 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/18/32/S08 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 070XB UT WOS:000239558500040 PM 21690864 ER PT J AU Eryilmaz, OL Johnson, JA Ajayi, OO Erdemir, A AF Eryilmaz, O. L. Johnson, J. A. Ajayi, O. O. Erdemir, A. TI Deposition, characterization, and tribological applications of near-frictionless carbon films on glass and ceramic substrates SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Low Friction Coatings on Glass and Ceramics CY APR, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP Natl Sci Fdn, NIH ID SUPERLOW-FRICTION; DIAMOND FILMS; WEAR; COATINGS AB As an element, carbon is rather unique and offers a range of rare opportunities for the design and fabrication of zero-, one-, two-, and three-dimensional nanostructured novel materials and coatings such as fullerenes, nanotubes, thin films, and free-standing nano-to-macroscale structures. Among these, carbon-based two- dimensional thin films ( such as diamond and diamond-like carbon (DLC)) have attracted an overwhelming interest in recent years, mainly because of their exceptional physical, chemical, mechanical, electrical, and tribological properties. In particular, certain DLC films were found to provide extremely low friction and wear coefficients to sliding metallic and ceramic surfaces. Since the early 1990s, carbon has been used at Argonne National Laboratory to synthesize a class of novel DLC films that now provide friction and wear coefficients as low as 0.001 and 10(-11)-10(-10) mm(3) N-1 m(-1), respectively, when tested in inert or vacuum test environments. Over the years, we have optimized these films and applied them successfully to all kinds of metallic and ceramic substrates and evaluated their friction and wear properties under a wide range of sliding conditions. In this paper, we will provide details of our recent work on the deposition, characterization, and tribological applications of near-frictionless carbon films on glass and ceramic substrates. We will also provide chemical and structural information about these films and describe the fundamental tribological mechanisms that control their unusual friction and wear behaviour. C1 Argonne Natl Labs, Energy Technol Div, Argonne, IL USA. RP Erdemir, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Labs, Energy Technol Div, Argonne, IL USA. EM erdemir@anl.gov RI Johnson, Jacqueline/P-4844-2014 OI Johnson, Jacqueline/0000-0003-0830-9275 NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 16 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 32 BP S1751 EP S1762 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/18/32/S06 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 070XB UT WOS:000239558500038 PM 21690862 ER PT J AU Hocking, RK Wasinger, EC de Groot, FMF Hodgson, KO Hedman, B Solomon, EI AF Hocking, Rosalie K. Wasinger, Erik C. de Groot, Frank M. F. Hodgson, Keith O. Hedman, Britt Solomon, Edward I. TI Fe L-edge XAS studies of K-4[Fe(CN)(6)] and K-3[Fe(CN)(6)]: A direct probe of back-bonding SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CONTRIBUTIONS; TRANSITION-METAL COMPLEXES; SULFUR ACTIVE-SITES; TRANSFER REACTIVITY; HEXACYANOMETALATE COMPLEXES; VIBRATIONAL SPECTRUM; OCTAHEDRAL SYMMETRY; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; CYANIDE COMPLEXES AB Distinct spectral features at the Fe L-edge of the two compounds K-3[Fe(CN)(6)] and K-4[Fe(CN)(6)] have been identified and characterized as arising from contributions of the ligand pi* orbitals due to metal-to-ligand back-bonding. In addition, the L-edge energy shifts and total intensities allow changes in the ligand field and effective nuclear charge to be determined. It is found that the ligand field term dominates the edge energy shift. The results of the experimental analysis were compared to BP86 DFT calculations. The overall agreement between the calculations and experiment is good; however, a larger difference in the amount of pi back-donation between Fe(II) and Fe(III) is found experimentally. The analysis of L-edge spectral shape, energy shift, and total intensity demonstrates that Fe L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy provides a direct probe of metal-to-ligand back-bonding. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Utrecht, Dept Inorgan Chem & Catalysis, Utrecht, Netherlands. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP de Groot, FMF (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM f.m.f.degroot@chem.uu.nl; hodgson@ssrl.slac.stanford.edu; hedman@ssrl.slac.stanford.edu; edward.solomon@stanford.edu RI de Groot, Frank/A-1918-2009; Hocking, Rosalie/F-5763-2013; Institute (DINS), Debye/G-7730-2014 OI Hocking, Rosalie/0000-0002-2213-8786; FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-01209]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-40392] NR 78 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 6 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 32 BP 10442 EP 10451 DI 10.1021/ja061802i PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 071RG UT WOS:000239618700027 PM 16895409 ER PT J AU Hayton, TW Boncella, JM Scott, BL Batista, ER Hay, PJ AF Hayton, Trevor W. Boncella, James M. Scott, Brian L. Batista, Enrique R. Hay, P. Jeffrey TI Synthesis and reactivity of the imido analogues of the uranyl ion SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID VALENT ORGANOURANIUM COMPLEXES; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; = CL; URANIUM; CHEMISTRY; ORGANOIMIDO; MOLECULES; DIHALIDES AB Addition of 1.5 equiv of I-2 to a THF solution of UI3( THF)(4), containing either 6 equiv of (BuNH2)-Bu-t or 2 equiv of RNH2(R = Ph, 3,5-(CF3)(2)C6H3, 2,6-(Pr-i) 2C6H3) and 4 equiv of NEt3, generates orange solutions containing U((NBu)-Bu-t) I-2(2)(THF)(2) (1) or U(NAr)(2)I-2(THF)(3)(Ar) Ph, 2; 3,5-(CF3)(2)C6H3, 3; 2,6-(iPr)(2)C6H3, 4), respectively, all of which can be isolated in good yields. Alternatively, 1 can be prepared by reaction of uranium metal with 3 equiv of I-2 and 6 equiv of (t)BuNH2, also in good yield. Complexes 1-4 have been characterized by X-ray crystallography, and each of these complexes exhibits linear N-U-N linkages and short U-N bonds. Using density functional theory simulations of complexes 1 and 2, two triple bonds between the metal center and the nitrogen ligands were identified. Complexes 1 and 2 readily react with neutral Lewis bases such as pyridine or Ph3PO to form U(NR)(2)I-2(L)(2)(R)Bu-t, L) py, 5; Ph3PO, 7; R) Ph, L) py, 6; Ph3PO, 8), and with PMe3 to form U(NR)(2)I-2( THF)(PMe3)(2)( R) Bu-t, 9; Ph, 10). The solid-state molecular structures of 5, 7, and 9 have been determined by X-ray crystallography, and these complexes, like their parent compounds, exhibit linear N-U-N angles and short U-N bonds. Complexes 1 and 2 also react with AgOTf in CH2Cl2, forming U(NR)(2)(OTf)(2)(THF)(3)(R) Bu-t, 11; Ph, 12) after recrystallization from THF. Crystals of 12 grown from CH2Cl2 were found to contain a dimer, [U( NPh)(2)(OTf)(2)( THF)(2)](2) , a complex possessing bridging triflate groups. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Boncella, JM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM boncella@lanl.gov RI Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017; OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396; Boncella, James/0000-0001-8393-392X NR 54 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 32 BP 10549 EP 10559 DI 10.1021/ja0629155 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 071RG UT WOS:000239618700041 PM 16895423 ER PT J AU Lazar, M Angelici, RJ AF Lazar, Mihaela Angelici, Robert J. TI Gold metal-catalyzed reactions of isocyanides with primary amines and oxygen: Analogies with reactions of isocyanides in transition metal complexes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; METHYL ISOCYANIDE; CARBENE COMPLEXES; NANOPARTICLE SURFACES; 1,4-PHENYLENE DIISOCYANIDE; ALKANETHIOLATE MONOLAYERS; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; ELECTRODE SURFACES; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ALKYL ISOCYANIDES AB Despite its generally poor catalytic properties, bulk gold metal is observed to catalyze reactions of isocyanides (C equivalent to N-R) with primary amines (H2N-R') and O-2 to give carbodiimides (R-N=C=N-R') at room temperature and above. Detailed infrared reflection absorption spectroscopic (IRRAS) and kinetic studies show that the reaction occurs by initial eta(1)-adsorption of the isocyanide on the Au surface, which activates the isocyanide to attack by the amine. This attack is the rate-determining step in the catalytic cycle and has characteristics very similar to those of amine reactions with coordinated isocyanides in transition metal complexes. However, the metallic Au surface provides a pathway involving O-2 to give the carbodiimide product whereas homogeneous metal ion catalysts give formamidines[HC(dNR)(NHR')]. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Angelici, RJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM angelici@iastate.edu RI Lazar, Mihaela/B-7578-2011 OI Lazar, Mihaela/0000-0002-1679-1324 NR 62 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 32 BP 10613 EP 10620 DI 10.1021/ja0618907 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 071RG UT WOS:000239618700047 PM 16895429 ER PT J AU Stadermann, M McBrady, AD Dick, B Reid, VR Noy, A Synovec, RE Bakajin, O AF Stadermann, Michael McBrady, Adam D. Dick, Brian Reid, Vanessa R. Noy, Aleksandr Synovec, Robert E. Bakajin, Olgica TI Ultrafast gas chromatography on single-wall carbon nanotube stationary phases in microfabricated channels SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PERFORMANCE; MODULE-GC; COLUMN; COMPLEXITIES AB The key to rapid temperature programmed separations with gas chromatography are a fast, low-volume injection and a short microbore separation column with fast resistive heating. One of the major problems with the reduction of column dimensions for micro gas chromatography is the availability of a stationary phase that provides good separation performance. In this report, we present the first integration of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) as a stationary phase into 100 mu m x 100 mu m square and 50-cm-long microfabricated channels. The small size of this column with integrated resistive heater and the robustness of the SWNT phase allow for fast temperature programming of up to 60 degrees C/s. A combination of the fast temperature programming and the narrow peak width of small-volume injections that can be obtained from a highspeed, dual-valve injection system allows for rapid separations of gas mixtures. We demonstrate highly reproducible separations of four-compound test mixtures on these columns in less than 1 s using fast temperature programming. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bakajin, O (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bakajin1@llnl.gov RI Bakajin, Olgica/A-9745-2008; Stadermann, Michael /A-5936-2012 OI Stadermann, Michael /0000-0001-8920-3581 NR 27 TC 91 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 16 BP 5639 EP 5644 DI 10.1021/ac060266+ PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 073DO UT WOS:000239723200003 PM 16906706 ER PT J AU Leri, AC Hay, MB Lanzirotti, A Rao, W Myneni, SCB AF Leri, Alessandra C. Hay, Michael B. Lanzirotti, Antonio Rao, William Myneni, Satish C. B. TI Quantitative determination of absolute organohalogen concentrations in environmental samples by X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BASIDIOMYCETE PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; WEATHERING PLANT-MATERIAL; TOTAL ORGANIC HALOGEN; BOUND CHLORINE; DEGRADATION; SOIL; FLUORESCENCE; DIVERSITY; BROMINE AB An in situ procedure for quantifying total organic and inorganic Cl concentrations in environmental samples based on X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy has been developed. Cl 1s XANES spectra reflect contributions from all Cl species present in a sample, providing a definitive measure of total Cl concentration in chemically heterogeneous samples. Spectral features near the Cl K-absorption edge provide detailed information about the bonding state of Cl, whereas the absolute fluorescence intensity of the spectra is directly proportional to total Cl concentration, allowing for simultaneous determination of Cl speciation and concentration in plant, soil, and natural water samples. Absolute Cl concentrations are obtained from Cl 1s XANES spectra using a series of Cl standards in a matrix of uniform bulk density. With the high sensitivity of synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Cl concentration can be reliably measured down to the 5-10 ppm range in solid and liquid samples. Referencing the characteristic near-edge features of Cl in various model compounds, we can distinguish between inorganic chloride (Cl-inorg) and organochlorine (Cl-org), as well as between aliphatic Cl-org and aromatic Cl-org, with uncertainties in the range of similar to 6%. In addition, total organic and inorganic Br concentrations in sediment samples are quantified using a combination of Br 1s XANES and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. Br concentration is detected down to similar to 1 ppm by XRF, and Br 1s XANES spectra allow quantification of the Br-inorg and Br-org fractions. These procedures provide nondestructive, element-specific techniques for quantification of Cl and Br concentrations that preclude extensive sample preparation. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Leri, AC (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM aleri@princeton.edu NR 27 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 16 BP 5711 EP 5718 DI 10.1021/ac060476m PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 073DO UT WOS:000239723200012 PM 16906715 ER PT J AU Gritti, F Guiochon, G AF Gritti, Fabrice Guiochon, Georges TI Heterogeneity of the adsorption mechanism of low molecular weight compounds in reversed-phase liquid chromatography SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OVERLOADED BAND PROFILES; OCTADECYLSILANE STATIONARY PHASES; COLUMN SELECTIVITY; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE HETEROGENEITY; IONIC-STRENGTH; MOBILE-PHASE; IONIZABLE COMPOUNDS; ISOTHERM PARAMETERS; C-18-BONDED SILICA AB The retention mechanism in RPLC mode was investigated based on the acquisition of adsorption isotherm data by frontal analysis measurements and their modeling. This work is a review of the results of four years of adsorption data measurements. The data were acquired on a wide variety of brands of C-18-silica columns (from Akzo Nobel, Bishoff, Hypersil, Merck, Phenomenex, Supelco, Vydac, and Waters) with several low molecular weight compounds such as phenol (94 g/mol), caffeine (194 g/mol), tryptophan (204 g/mol), sodium 2-naphthalenesulfonate (235 g/mol), and propranololium chloride (295 g/mol). The mobile phase was a mixture of methanol and water at variable composition. The adsorption isotherms were all convex upward (langmuirian), and the degree of heterogeneity of the adsorption system was determined from the calculation of the adsorption energy distribution using the expectation-maximization method. The adsorption isotherm parameters (number of types of adsorption sites, surface concentration of each type of site, and difference between the adsorption energies E-i - E-j on sites i and j), obtained from the mathematical fit of the adsorption data to the appropriate multi-Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, were analyzed and compared. The results allow the drawing of general conclusions regarding the relationships between the size of the analyte and the adsorption properties (saturation capacities, adsorption energies) characterizing the retention mechanism in RPLC mode for neutral, anionic, and cationic compounds. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guichon@utk.edu NR 51 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 16 BP 5823 EP 5834 DI 10.1021/ac060392d PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 073DO UT WOS:000239723200026 PM 16906729 ER PT J AU Edirisinghe, PD Moore, JF Calaway, WF Veryovkin, IV Pellin, MJ Hanley, L AF Edirisinghe, Praneeth D. Moore, Jerry F. Calaway, Wallis F. Veryovkin, Igor V. Pellin, Michael J. Hanley, Luke TI Vacuum ultraviolet postionization of aromatic groups covalently bound to peptides SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOIONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SINGLE-PHOTON IONIZATION; QUANTITATIVE SURFACE-ANALYSIS; LASER POST-IONIZATION; AMINO-ACIDS; THERMAL VAPORIZATION; GAS-PHASE; ONLINE; DERIVATIZATION; FRAGMENTATION AB Experiments demonstrate that peptides with ionization potentials (IPs) above 7.87 eV can be single-photon-ionized in the gas phase with a molecular fluorine laser following prior chemical derivatization with one of several aromatic tags acting as chromophores. 4-(Dimethylamino) benzoic acid, 1-naphthylacetic acid, and 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid (denoted Benz, Naph and Anth, respectively) behave as chromophores, allowing single-photon ionization for vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) laser light by lowering the IP of the tagged peptide. Anth-tagged peptides that are laser-desorbed from a substrate and subsequently postionized produce mass spectra dominated by the intact radical cation, although protonated ions and fragmented species are also observed. Electronic structure calculations on Anth-tagged peptides indicate that in addition to lowering the ionization potential, the presence of the aromatic tag increases charge localization on and delocalization across the ring structure, which presumably stabilizes the radical cation. Measurements on several tagged peptides confirm this calculation and show that the stabilizing effect of the tag increases with the size of the conjugated system in the order Benz < Naph < Anth. The tagged hexapeptide Anth-GAPKSC exhibits the parent ion, whereas the Benz- and Naph-tagged peptides do not. These results are supported by the experimental comparison of Anth-tagged vs untagged tryptophan, further suggesting that VUV postionization of tagged high-IP species is a promising method for expanding the capabilities of mass spectrometric analyses of molecular species. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hanley, L (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM lhanley@uic.edu RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008 OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768 NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 16 BP 5876 EP 5883 DI 10.1021/ac0605997 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 073DO UT WOS:000239723200032 PM 16906735 ER PT J AU Silver, GL AF Silver, G. L. TI Analysis of three-dimensional grids: The cube and the octahedron SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE interpolation; response surfaces; cubic design; octahedral design; operational equations ID DIAMOND CONFIGURATION; 5-POINT AB The analysis of three-dimensional data is customarily performed by arranging eight measurements in a cubical array and representing them by the trilinear equation. The octahedral design offers the prospect of reduced laboratory costs because it requires only six measurements. Operational interpolating equations for six data in octahedral array can be more accurate than the trilinear equation for eight data in cubical array. The operational equations apply to the six- or seven-point octahedron. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Silver, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E517, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM gsilver@lanl.gov NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0096-3003 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 179 IS 2 BP 553 EP 558 DI 10.1016/j.amc.2005.11.105 PG 6 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 100AV UT WOS:000241640400013 ER PT J AU Heo, YW Ip, K Pearton, SJ Norton, DP Budai, JD AF Heo, Y. W. Ip, K. Pearton, S. J. Norton, D. P. Budai, J. D. TI Growth of ZnO thin films on c-plane Al2O3 by molecular beam epitaxy using ozone as an oxygen source SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE zinc oxide; semiconductors; oxides; molecular beam epitaxy ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; ZINC-OXIDE; BUFFER LAYER; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; LUMINESCENCE; DEFECTS; SPECTROSCOPY; OXIDATION; EPILAYERS; ZINKOXYDS AB The growth of c-axis oriented ZnO thin films on c-plane Al2O3 via molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) using dilute ozone (O-3) as an oxygen source was investigated. Four-circle X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates that films grown at 350 degrees C are epitaxial with respect to the substrate, but with a broad in-plane and out-of-plane mosaic. The films were highly conductive and n-type. Epitaxial film growth required relatively high Zn flux and O-3/O-2 pressure. The growth rate decreased rapidly as growth temperature was increased above 350 T. The drop in growth rate with temperature reflects the low sticking coefficient of Zn at moderately high temperatures and limited ozone flux for the oxidation of the Zn metal. Characterization of the films included atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence, and Hall measurements. These results show that molecular beam epitaxy of ZnO using ozone is rate limited by the ozone flux for growth temperatures above 350 degrees C. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Norton, DP (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 106 Rhines Hall,POB 116400, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM dnort@mse.ufl.edu RI Budai, John/R-9276-2016 OI Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306 NR 43 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 252 IS 20 BP 7442 EP 7448 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.08.094 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 083SI UT WOS:000240478100018 ER PT J AU Smallwood, HS Shi, L Squier, TC AF Smallwood, Heather S. Shi, Liang Squier, Thomas C. TI Increases in calmodulin abundance and stabilization of activated inducible nitric oxide synthase mediate bacterial killing in RAW 264.7 macrophages SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID KAPPA-B-ALPHA; NADPH OXIDASE; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; IN-VITRO; INTRACELLULAR SURVIVAL; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; REACTIVE OXYGEN; INNATE IMMUNITY; HUMAN MONOCYTES; NO SYNTHASE AB The rapid activation of macrophages in response to bacterial antigens is central to the innate immune system that permits the recognition and killing of pathogens to limit infection. To understand regulatory mechanisms underlying macrophage activation, we have investigated changes in the abundance of calmodulin (CaM) and iNOS in response to the bacterial cell wall component lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using RAW 264.7 macrophages. Critical to these measurements was the ability to differentiate free iNOS from the CaM-bound (active) form of iNOS associated with nitric oxide generation. We observe a rapid 2-fold increase in CaM abundance during the first 30 min that is blocked by inhibition of either NF kappa B nuclear translocation or protein synthesis. A similar 2-fold increase in the abundance of the complex between CaM and iNOS is observed with the same time dependence. In contrast, there are no detectable increases in the CaM-free (i.e., inactive) form of iNOS within the first 2 h; it remains at a very low abundance during the initial phase of macrophage activation. Increasing cellular CaM levels in stably transfected macrophages results in a corresponding increase in the abundance of the CaM/iNOS complex that promotes effective bacterial killing following infection by Salmonella typhimurium. Thus, LPS-dependent increases in CaM abundance function in the stabilization and activation of iNOS on the rapid time scale associated with macrophage activation and bacterial killing. These results explain how CaM and iNOS coordinately function to form a stable complex that is part of a rapid host response that functions within the first 30 min following bacterial infection to upregulate the innate immune system involving macrophage activation. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Squier, TC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM thomas.squier@pnl.gov FU NIA NIH HHS [AG12993, AG17996] NR 73 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 32 BP 9717 EP 9726 DI 10.1021/bi060485p PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 071JD UT WOS:000239596600009 PM 16893173 ER PT J AU Sacksteder, CA Whittier, JE Xiong, YJ Li, JH Galeva, NA Jacoby, ME Purvine, SO Williams, TD Rechsteiner, MC Bigelow, DJ Squier, TC AF Sacksteder, Colette A. Whittier, Jennifer E. Xiong, Yijia Li, Jinhui Galeva, Nadezhda A. Jacoby, Michael E. Purvine, Samuel O. Williams, Todd D. Rechsteiner, Martin C. Bigelow, Diana J. Squier, Thomas C. TI Tertiary structural rearrangements upon oxidation of methionine(145) in calmodulin promotes targeted proteasomal degradation SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANE CA-ATPASE; 20 S PROTEASOME; OXIDIZED CALMODULIN; OPPOSING DOMAINS; VERTEBRATE CALMODULIN; SELECTIVE DEGRADATION; DEPENDENT ACTIVATION; PROTEIN-DEGRADATION; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM AB The selectivity underlying the recognition of oxidized calmodulin (CaM) by the 20S proteasome in complex with Hsp90 was identified using mass spectrometry. We find that degradation of oxidized CaM (CaMox) occurs in a multistep process, which involves an initial cleavage that releases a large N-terminal fragment (A(1)-F-92) as well as multiple smaller carboxyl-terminus peptides ranging from 17 to 26 amino acids in length. These latter small peptides are enriched in methionine sulfoxides (Met(O)), suggesting a preferential degradation around Met(O) within the carboxyl-terminal domain. To confirm the speci. city of CaMox degradation and to identify the structural signals underlying the preferential recognition and degradation by the proteasome/Hsp90, we have investigated how the oxidation of individual methionines affect the degradation of CaM using mutants in which all but selected methionines in CaM were substituted with leucines. Substitution of all methionines with leucines except Met(144) and Met(145) has no detectable effect on the structure of CaM, permitting a determination of how site-specific substitutions and the oxidation of Met(144) and Met(145) affects the recognition and degradation of CaM by the proteasome/Hsp90. Comparable rates of degradation are observed upon the selective oxidation of Met(144) and Met(145) in CaM-L7 relative to that observed upon oxidation of all nine methionines in wild-type CaM. Substitution of leucines for either Met(144) or Met(145) promotes a limited recognition and degradation by the proteasome that correlates with decreases in the helical content of CaM. The speci. c oxidation of Met(144) has little effect on rates of proteolytic degradation by the proteasome/Hsp90 or the structure of CaM. In contrast, the speci. c oxidation of Met(145) results in both large increases in the rate of degradation by the proteasome/Hsp90 and significant circular dichroic spectral shape changes that are indicative of changes in tertiary rather than secondary structure. Thus, tertiary structural changes resulting from the site-specific oxidation of a single methionine (i. e., Met(145)) promote the degradation of CaM by the proteasome/Hsp90, suggesting a mechanism to regulate cellular metabolism through the targeted modulation of CaM abundance in response to oxidative stress. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cell Biol & Biochem Grp, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Kansas, Mass Spectrometry Lab, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Squier, TC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cell Biol & Biochem Grp, Div Biol Sci, POB 999,Mail Stop P7-53, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM thomas.squier@pnl.gov RI Xiong, Yijia/C-1341-2011 FU NIA NIH HHS [P01 AG012993, R01 AG017996, AG17996, AG12993] NR 55 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 91 IS 4 BP 1480 EP 1493 DI 10.1529/biophysj.106.086033 PG 14 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 066PK UT WOS:000239242000033 PM 16751245 ER PT J AU Miller, CE Majewski, J Kuhl, TL AF Miller, C. E. Majewski, J. Kuhl, T. L. TI Characterization of single biological membranes at the solid-liquid interface by X-ray reflectivity SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Organized Molecular Films CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL Sapporo, JAPAN DE single lipid bilayer; buried interface; model membranes; lipid leaflet asymmetry; solid supported lipid bilayer ID SENSITIVE NEUTRON REFLECTOMETRY; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; LIPID-BILAYERS; MODEL MEMBRANES; STANDING WAVES; IN-SITU; MONOLAYERS; DIFFUSION; BEHAVIOR; SURFACE AB We demonstrate that 18 keV X-rays can be used to perform reflectometry on single, phospholipid bio-membranes at the solid-liquid interface. Two different membrane systems were investigated; a single component, fluid phase membrane of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and a two component, predominantly gel phase membrane composed of 1:9 1,2-dilauryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DLPC):1,2-distearyl-snglycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC). The increased dynamic range of X-ray reflectivity over comparable neutron reflectivity measurements enabled the density distribution of the membranes to be determined with much greater precision. The increased resolution allowed subtle features in membrane structure and leaflet segregation to be revealed. Previously, characterization of biomimetic structures normal to a "buried" interface was the domain of neutron reflectivity. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Biophys Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kuhl, TL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM tlkuhl@ucdavis.edu RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 35 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7757 J9 COLLOID SURFACE A JI Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 284 SI SI BP 434 EP 439 DI 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.11.059 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 060GX UT WOS:000238791800082 ER PT J AU Walter, MJ Tronnes, RG Armstrong, LS Lord, OT Caldwell, WA Clark, SM AF Walter, Michael J. Tronnes, Reidar G. Armstrong, Lora S. Lord, Oliver T. Caldwell, Wendel A. Clark, Simon M. TI Subsolidus phase relations and perovskite compressibility in the system MgO-AlO1.5-SiO2 with implications for Earth's lower mantle SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE perovskite; lower mantle; alumina substitution; bulk modulus; oxygen vacancy; defects ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; MAGNESIUM-SILICATE PEROVSKITE; DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL; MGSIO3 PEROVSKITE; HIGH-PRESSURE; ORTHORHOMBIC PEROVSKITE; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; FERRIC IRON; 30 GPA; TEMPERATURE AB Experimentally determined phase relations in the system MgO-AlO1.5-SiO2 at pressures relevant to the upper part of the lower mantle indicate that Mg-silicate perovskite incorporates aluminum into its structure almost exclusively by a charge-coupled reaction. SiO3-rich bulk compositions along the joins MgSiO3-MgAlO2.5 and MgSiO3-MgAl2O4 crystallize assemblages of perovskite M a coexisting with periclase. MgO-saturated perovskites along these joins have ambient unit cell volumes consistent with those measured and calculated for aluminous perovskite along the charge-coupled substitution join, MgSiO3-AlO1.5. The compressibility of aluminous perovskite along the MgO-saturated joins is not anomalously low as predicted for oxygen-defect perovskites. The bulk moduli, however, are consistent with previous measurements made for aluminous perovskites along the charge-coupled substitution join. These results agree with first-principles calculations showing very limited stability of O-defects in Mg-perovskite at pressures and temperatures corresponding to lower mantle conditions, but are inconsistent with earlier experimental results showing unusually compressive aluminous perovskite. The maximum solubility of alumina in perovskite is similar to 25 mol% along the MgSiO3-AlO1.5 join within the ternary MAS-system (i.e. pyrope composition), and the join is apparently binary. Although primitive mantle peridotite compositions are MgO-saturated and fall nearly on the oxygen vacancy join, alumina substitution into perovskite is expected to occur primarily by charge-coupled substitution throughout the lower mantle, The compressibility of aluminous perovskite in primitive mantle is expected to be only a few percent lower than for end member MgSiO3 perovskite. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. Univ Oslo, Nat Hist Museum, N-0318 Oslo, Norway. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Walter, MJ (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Wills Mem Bldg,Queens Rd, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. EM m.j.walter@bristol.ac.uk RI Lord, Oliver/D-4663-2014; Clark, Simon/B-2041-2013 OI Lord, Oliver/0000-0003-0563-1293; Clark, Simon/0000-0002-7488-3438 NR 42 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 248 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.05.017 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 089AE UT WOS:000240851400007 ER PT J AU Donnadieu, Y Pierrehumbert, R Jacob, R Fluteau, F AF Donnadieu, Y. Pierrehumbert, R. Jacob, R. Fluteau, F. TI Modelling the primary control of paleogeography on Cretaceous climate SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cretaceous; paleoclimate; general circulation models; paleogeography; CO(2); water cycle; clouds feedbacks ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; PHANEROZOIC TIME; SNOWBALL EARTH; OCEAN; CO2; TEMPERATURE; ICE; SIMULATIONS; CIRCULATION; WARM AB The low thermal gradients and clement winters characterizing climates of the Cretaceous period reveal that the climate system has modes of behaviour quite different from the present. Recent proxy data analyses suggest that some aspects of climate change within the Cretaceous appear to be decoupled from CO(2) evolution at the geological time scale. Here, we investigate the impact of paleogeography on the global climate with the climate model FOAM, using a Early, Mid and Late Cretaceous continental configuration. We find that changes in geography from the Early to Mid-to-Late Cretaceous cause a large decrease of the seasonal cycle. First order identified processes are the decreased continentality of the mid-to-high latitudes from the Mid Cretaceous and the increase of the latent heat transport into the winter hemisphere which induce a wetter and a cloudier atmosphere capable of diminishing the winter cooling of the continents. Owing to the modifications of the seasonal cycle in response to the tectonic forcing, the equator-to-pole thermal gradient is reduced from the Early to Mid-to-Late Cretaceous. We nevertheless still do not succeed in simulating warm enough polar temperatures and a definitive theory still waits for an integrated approach explicitly accounting for each factor influencing the thermal gradient (ocean dynamics, stratospheric clouds, and vegetation). Our study also suggests a mechanism that can weaken the correlation between CO(2) and climate changes during the Cretaceous as evolving geography from the Early to Late Cretaceous, through the response of the water cycle and the changes in the thermal gradient, results in a 3.8 degrees C global warming at a constant atmospheric CO(2) level. This demonstrates that the paleogeography may affect the relation between PCO(2) and the climate history and consequently has to be accounted for when linking the atmospheric CO(2) evolution and the climate record at geological time scales. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CNRS, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Inst Phys Globe, Paris, France. RP Donnadieu, Y (reprint author), CNRS, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM yannick.donnadieu@cea.fr; rtp1@geosci.uchicago.edu; jacob@mcs.anl.gov; fluteau@ipgp.jussieu.fr RI Jacob, Robert/D-2580-2011; Donnadieu, Yannick/G-7546-2016; fluteau, frederic/A-7523-2011; OI Jacob, Robert/0000-0002-9444-6593; Donnadieu, Yannick/0000-0002-7315-2684; fluteau, frederic/0000-0002-9952-7325; Pierrehumbert, Raymond/0000-0002-5887-1197 NR 39 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 248 IS 1-2 BP 426 EP 437 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.06.007 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 089AE UT WOS:000240851400034 ER PT J AU Rodriguez-Navarro, AB Romanek, CS Alvarez-Lloret, P Gaines, KF AF Rodriguez-Navarro, Alejandro B. Romanek, Christopher S. Alvarez-Lloret, Pedro Gaines, Karen F. TI Effect of in ovo exposure to PCBs and Hg on Clapper Rail bone mineral chemistry from a contaminated salt marsh in coastal Georgia SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; AROCLOR 1268; TOXICITY; MERCURY; CELLS; LEAD; MICE AB The effect of Hg and PCBs (Aroclor 1268) on bone characteristics was investigated in a population of Clapper Rails (Rallus longirostris) inhabiting contaminated and unimpacted estuarine marsh systems in coastal Georgia. Exposure to contaminants did not affect the length or weight of leg bones, but it significantly altered the chemical composition of the bone. Specifically, bone in the contaminated site had a higher Ca to P, and lower carbonate and acid phosphate content. These characteristics are typical of more mature bone mineral and indicate that toxicants have accelerated bone maturation. FTIR spectroscopy data revealed a dose dependent change in the crystallinity of bone mineral, and the relative proportion of specific PO(4) groups in different molecular environments in the bone, with toxicants loads. These changes are most probably related to a hormonal alteration of the rate of bone remodelation induced by exposure to toxicant loads. C1 Univ Granada, Dept Mineral & Petrol, Granada 18002, Spain. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Geol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Eastern Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Charleston, IL 61920 USA. RP Rodriguez-Navarro, AB (reprint author), Univ Granada, Dept Mineral & Petrol, Granada 18002, Spain. EM anava@ugr.es NR 28 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 16 BP 4936 EP 4942 DI 10.1021/es060769x PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 072PI UT WOS:000239684900024 PM 16955889 ER PT J AU Ilton, ES Heald, SM Smith, SC Elbert, D Liu, CX AF Ilton, Eugene S. Heald, Steve M. Smith, Steven C. Elbert, David Liu, Chongxuan TI Reduction of uranyl in the interlayer region of low iron micas under anoxic and aerobic conditions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; SORPTION COMPLEXES; URANIUM SORPTION; MICROANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES; MONTMORILLONITE; MINERALS; BIOTITE; KINETICS; ACTINIDES; MUSCOVITE AB The role of the interlayer region of three different Fe-II-poor micas (2.8, similar to 0.02, and 0.01 Fe-II atom %) in the reduction of U-VI was investigated at pH similar to 4.3, low ionic strength, and 23 degrees C under both anoxic and aerated conditions in batch reactors for 1 to 10 days. U diffusion profiles were mapped with X-ray microscopy, and the oxidation state of U was tracked with XANES as a function of distance from the crystal edge. Peak U concentrations only reached about 0.006-0.0002 atom percent, where the full-width-at-half-maximums of the diffusion fronts were roughly 25-50 mu m. Results for anoxic conditions indicated appreciable reduction of uranyl in all three micas with no measurable dependency on distance from the edge. Under aerobic (open to the atmosphere) conditions, U was still partially reduced, although to a lesser degree than for anoxic conditions, and U-VI/U-tot increased with time. Interestingly, reoxidation reached a plateau after about 3-10 days, leaving an appreciable proportion of U reduced. It is likely that measurable reduction occurred, despite low Fe-II, because U concentrations were even lower, where Fe-II/U ratios ranged from about 10(4)-10(2). A coupled diffusion-reduction model was developed that successfully simulated the proximal portion of the diffusion front. The results show that reduction of U-VI in the interlayer of low Fe-II micas is, in principle, viable and that under aerobic conditions reduction is initially faster than reoxidation. This extends the range of possible environments where heterogeneous reduction of U-VI by micas might occur. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Ilton, ES (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,MS K8-96, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Eugene.Ilton@pnl.gov RI Liu, Chongxuan/C-5580-2009 NR 45 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 16 BP 5003 EP 5009 DI 10.1021/es0522478 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 072PI UT WOS:000239684900034 PM 16955899 ER PT J AU Harley, RA Hooper, DS Kean, AJ Kirchstetter, TW Hesson, JM Balberan, NT Stevenson, ED Kendall, GR AF Harley, Robert A. Hooper, Daniel S. Kean, Andrew J. Kirchstetter, Thomas W. Hesson, James M. Balberan, Nancy T. Stevenson, Eric D. Kendall, Gary R. TI Effects of reformulated gasoline and motor vehicle fleet turnover on emissions and ambient concentrations of benzene SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPARK-IGNITED ENGINE; HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS; EXHAUST EMISSIONS; FUEL STRUCTURE; IMPACT; REACTIVITIES; EXPOSURE; SPEED; RANGE; AIR AB Gasoline-powered motor vehicles are a major source of toxic air contaminants such as benzene. Emissions from light-duty vehicles were measured in a San Francisco area highway tunnel during summers 1991, 1994-1997, 1999, 2001, and 2004. Benzene emission rates decreased over this time period, with a large (54 +/- 5%) decrease observed between 1995 and 1996 when California phase 2 reformulated gasoline (RFG) was introduced. We attribute this one-year change in benzene mainly to RFG effects: 36% from lower aromatics in gasoline that led to a lower benzene mass fraction in vehicle emissions, 14% due to RFG effects on total nonmethane organic compound mass emissions, and the remaining 4% due to fleet turnover. Fleet turnover effects accumulate over longer time periods: between 1995 and 2004, fleet turnover led to a 32% reduction in the benzene emission rate. A similar to 4 mu g m(-3) decrease in benzene concentrations was observed at a network of ambient air sampling sites in the San Francisco Bay area between the late 1980s and 2004. The largest decrease in annual average ambient benzene concentrations (1.5 +/- 0.7 mu g m(-3) or 42 +/- 19%) was observed between 1995 and 1996. The reduction in ambient benzene between spring/summer months of 1995 and 1996 due to phase 2 RFG was larger (60 +/- 20%). Effects of fuel changes on benzene during fall/winter months are difficult to quantify because some wintertime fuel changes had already occurred prior to 1995. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Atmospher Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Bay Area Air Qual Management Dist, Tech Serv Div, San Francisco, CA 94109 USA. RP Harley, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Harley, Robert/C-9177-2016 OI Harley, Robert/0000-0002-0559-1917 NR 33 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 16 BP 5084 EP 5088 DI 10.1021/es0604820 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 072PI UT WOS:000239684900046 PM 16955911 ER PT J AU Zhang, Z Fenter, P Kelly, SD Catalano, JG Bandura, AV Kubicki, JD Sofo, JO Wesolowski, DJ Machesky, ML Sturchio, NC Bedzyk, MJ AF Zhang, Zhan Fenter, Paul Kelly, Shelly D. Catalano, Jeffery G. Bandura, Andrei V. Kubicki, James D. Sofo, Jorge O. Wesolowski, David J. Machesky, Michael L. Sturchio, Neil C. Bedzyk, Michael J. TI Structure of hydrated Zn2+ at the rutile TiO2 (110)-aqueous solution interface: Comparison of X-ray standing wave, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and density functional theory results SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID FINE-STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE-COMPLEX-FORMATION; AQUEOUS ZN(II) SORPTION; HEAVY-METAL ADSORPTION; GRAZING-INCIDENCE XAFS; OXIDE-WATER INTERFACE; ELECTRIC DOUBLE-LAYER; ION ADSORPTION; EXAFS SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS AB Adsorption of Zn2+ at the rutile TiO2 (110)-aqueous interface was studied with Bragg-reflection X-ray standing waves (XSW), polarization-dependent surface extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to understand the interrelated issues of adsorption site, its occupancy, ion-oxygen coordination and hydrolysis. At pH 8, Zn2+ was found to adsorb as an inner-sphere complex at two different sites, i.e., monodentate above the bridging 0 site and bidentate between two neighboring terminal O sites. EXAFS results directly revealed a four or fivefold first shell coordination environment for adsorbed Zn2+ instead of the sixfold coordination found for aqueous species at this pH. DFT calculations confirmed the energetic stability of a lower coordination environment for the adsorbed species and revealed that the change to this coordination environment is correlated with the hydrolysis of adsorbed Zn2+. In addition, the derived adsorption locations and the occupancy factors of both sites from three methods agree well, with some quantitative discrepancies in the minor site location among the XSW, EXAFS, and DFT methods. Additional XSW measurements showed that the adsorption sites of Zn2+ were unchanged at pH 6. However, the Zn2+ partitioning between the two sites changed substantially, with an almost equal distribution between the two types of sites at pH 6 compared to predominantly monodentate occupation at pH 8. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. St Petersburg State Univ, Dept Theoret Phys, St Petersburg 198904, Russia. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA. RP Zhang, Z (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM zhanzhang@anl.gov RI Zhang, Zhan/A-9830-2008; Bedzyk, Michael/B-7503-2009; Sofo, Jorge/J-4415-2012; Catalano, Jeffrey/A-8322-2013; Bedzyk, Michael/K-6903-2013; Sofo, Jorge/B-4344-2014; Bandura, Andrei/I-2702-2013; Kubicki, James/I-1843-2012 OI Zhang, Zhan/0000-0002-7618-6134; Sofo, Jorge/0000-0003-4513-3694; Catalano, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9311-977X; Sofo, Jorge/0000-0003-4513-3694; Bandura, Andrei/0000-0003-2816-0578; Kubicki, James/0000-0002-9277-9044 NR 76 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 70 IS 16 BP 4039 EP 4056 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.325 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 079YN UT WOS:000240213900001 ER PT J AU Bickmore, BR Rosso, KM Tadanier, CJ Bylaska, EJ Doud, D AF Bickmore, Barry R. Rosso, Kevin M. Tadanier, Christopher J. Bylaska, Eric J. Doud, Darrin TI Bond-valence methods for pK(a) prediction. II. Bond-valence, electrostatic, molecular geometry, and solvation effects SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS; CANONICAL ENSEMBLE; DYNAMICS METHOD; GAS-PHASE; WATER; OXIDE; EXCHANGE; MODEL; ION AB In a previous contribution, we outlined a method for predicting (hydr)oxy-acid and oxide surface acidity constants based on three main factors: bond valence, Me-O bond ionicity, and molecular shape. Here, electrostatics calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations are used to qualitatively show that Me-O bond ionicity controls the extent to which the electrostatic work of proton removal departs from ideality, bond valence controls the extent of solvation. of individual functional groups, and bond valence and molecular shape control local dielectric response. These results are consistent with our model of acidity, but completely at odds with other methods of predicting acidity constants for use in multisite complexation models. In particular, our ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of solvated monomers clearly indicate that hydrogen bonding between (hydr)oxo-groups and water molecules adjusts to obey the valence sum rule, rather than maintaining a fixed valence based on the coordination of the oxygen atom as predicted by the standard MUSIC model. However, we also show how our method for pK(a) prediction could be improved using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of solvated surfaces. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Math, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Bickmore, BR (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM barry_bickmore@byu.edu; Kevin.Rosso@pnl.gov; ctadanie@vt.edu; eric.bylaska@pnl.gov; doud@math.byu.edu NR 65 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 6 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 70 IS 16 BP 4057 EP 4071 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.006 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 079YN UT WOS:000240213900002 ER PT J AU Madden, AS Hochella, MF Luxton, TP AF Madden, Andrew S. Hochella, Michael F., Jr. Luxton, Todd P. TI Insights for size-dependent reactivity of hematite nanomineral surfaces through Cu2+ sorption SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; METAL-MINERAL ASSOCIATION; RIVER SUPERFUND COMPLEX; OXIDE-WATER INTERFACE; COPPER SORPTION; HYDROUS OXIDES; ADSORPTION-DESORPTION; AQUEOUS SUSPENSIONS; ACTIVE-SITES AB Macroscopic sorption edges for Cu2+ were measured on hematite nanoparticles with average diameters of 7 nm, 25 nm, and 88 nm in 0.1 M NaNO3. The pH edges for the 7 nm hematite were shifted approximately 0.6 pH units lower than that for the 25 nm and 88 nm samples, demonstrating an affinity sequence of 7 nm > 25 nm = 88 nm. Although, zeta potential data suggest increased proton accumulation at the 7 nm hematite surfaces, changes in surface structure are most likely responsible for the preference of Cu2+ for the smallest particles. As Cu2+ preferentially binds to sites which accommodate the Jahn-Teller distortion of its coordination to oxygen, this indicates the relative importance of distorted binding environments on the 7 nm hematite relative to the 25 nm and 88 nm particles. This work highlights the uniqueness of surface reactivity for crystalline iron oxide particles with decreasing nanoparticle diameter. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Nanogeosci & Technol Lab, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Madden, AS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM maddsenas@ornl.gov NR 90 TC 109 Z9 109 U1 7 U2 59 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 70 IS 16 BP 4095 EP 4104 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.1366 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 079YN UT WOS:000240213900005 ER PT J AU Miller, NL Schlegel, NJ AF Miller, Norman L. Schlegel, Nicole J. TI Climate change projected fire weather sensitivity: California Santa Ana wind occurrence SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A new method based on global climate model pressure gradients was developed for identifying coastal high-wind fire weather conditions, such as the Santa Ana Occurrence (SAO). Application of this method for determining southern California Santa Ana wind occurrence resulted in a good correlation between derived large-scale SAOs and observed offshore winds during periods of low humidity. The projected change in the number of SAOs was analyzed using two global climate models, one a low temperature sensitivity and the other a middle-temperature sensitivity, both forced with low and high emission scenarios, for three future time periods. This initial analysis shows consistent shifts in SAO events from earlier ( September - October) to later ( November - December) in the season, suggesting that SAOs may significantly increase the extent of California coastal areas burned by wildfires, loss of life, and property. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Atmosphere & Ocean Sci Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Miller, NL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Atmosphere & Ocean Sci Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nlmiller@lbl.gov RI Miller, Norman/E-6897-2010 NR 15 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 15 AR L15711 DI 10.1029/2006GL025808 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 076XJ UT WOS:000239991400001 ER PT J AU Bullock, AB Landen, OL Blue, BE Edwards, J Bradley, DK AF Bullock, A. B. Landen, O. L. Blue, B. E. Edwards, J. Bradley, D. K. TI X-ray induced pinhole closure in point-projection x-ray radiography SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; PLASMA; TARGETS; DENSITY; DRIVEN; GROWTH AB In pinhole-assisted point-projection x-ray radiography (or "backlighting"), pinholes are placed between the sample of interest and an x-ray source (or "backlighter") to effectively limit the source size and hence improve the spatial resolution of the system. Pinholes are generally placed close to such x-ray backlighters to increase the field of view, leading to possible vaporization and pinhole closure due to x-ray driven ablation, thereby potentially limiting the usefulness of this method. An experimental study and modeling of time-dependent closure and resolution is presented. The pinhole closure time scale is studied for various pinhole sizes, pinhole-to-backlighter separations, and filtering conditions. In addition the time-dependent resolution is extracted from one-dimensional wire imaging prior to pinhole closure. Cylindrical hydrodynamic modeling of the pinhole closure shows reasonable agreement with data, giving us a predictive capability for pinhole closure in future experiments. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bullock, AB (reprint author), Raytheon Space & Airborne Syst, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. EM landen1@llnl.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 4 AR 043301 DI 10.1063/1.2229737 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 080GV UT WOS:000240236800020 ER PT J AU Fleming, RM Myers, SM AF Fleming, R. M. Myers, S. M. TI Measurement of temperature-dependent defect diffusion in proton-irradiated GaN(Mg, H) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WURTZITE GAN; HYDROGEN AB Deuterated p-type GaN(Mg,H-2) films were irradiated at room temperature with 1 MeV protons to create native point defects with a concentration approximately equal to the Mg doping (5x10(19) cm(-3)). The samples were then annealed isothermally at a succession of temperatures while monitoring the infrared absorption due to the H local mode of the MgH defect. As the samples were annealed, the MgH absorption signal decreased and a new mode at slightly higher frequency appeared, which has been associated with the approach of a mobile nitrogen interstitial. We used the time dependence of the MgH absorption to obtain a diffusion barrier of the nitrogen interstitial in p-type GaN of 1.99 eV. This is in good agreement with theoretical calculations of nitrogen interstitial motion in GaN. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Fleming, RM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rmflemi@sandia.gov RI Fleming, Robert/B-1248-2008 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 4 AR 043513 DI 10.1063/1.2207554 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 080GV UT WOS:000240236800038 ER PT J AU Levin, EM Gschneidner, KA Lograsso, T Schlagel, DL AF Levin, E. M. Gschneidner, K. A., Jr. Lograsso, T. Schlagel, D. L. TI Magnetism of (Dy0.5Er0.5)Al-2 single crystal in ac and dc magnetic fields SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUSCEPTIBILITY; FERROMAGNET; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION; DY; ER AB The temperature (4.2-90 K), ac magnetic field (1.25-50 Oe), frequency (5-125 Hz), and bias dc magnetic field (0-10 kOe) dependencies of the real and imaginary components of the ac magnetic susceptibility, and the temperature (4.2-250 K) and dc magnetic field (0.1-50 kOe) dependencies of the dc magnetic susceptibility and magnetization of a (Dy0.5Er0.5)Al-2 single crystal have been studied. Isothermal magnetization measurement in a dc magnetic field indicates that (Dy0.5Er0.5)Al-2 orders ferromagnetically at 37 K. The ac and dc magnetic susceptibilities of (Dy0.5Er0.5)Al-2 exhibit a similar behavior in the paramagnetic region but quite different behaviors in the ferromagnetic state. Both the real and imaginary components of the ac magnetic susceptibility are sensitive to the applied ac magnetic field, the crystallographic direction, and the bias magnetic field, showing that domain wall dynamics mainly account for the response to the ac magnetic field. The contributions to the magnetization process arise from the magnetically ordered Dy and Er sublattices and depend upon the single-ion anisotropy of the Dy and Er ions. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gschneidner, KA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM cagey@ameslab.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 4 AR 043902 DI 10.1063/1.2234540 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 080GV UT WOS:000240236800068 ER PT J AU Siefert, NS Ganguly, BN Sands, BL Hebner, GA AF Siefert, Nicholas S. Ganguly, Biswa N. Sands, Brian L. Hebner, Greg A. TI Decay of the electron number density in the nitrogen afterglow using a hairpin resonator probe SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PLASMAS; DIFFUSION AB A hairpin resonator was used to measure the electron number density in the afterglow of a nitrogen glow discharge (p=0.25-0.75 Torr). Electron number densities were measured using a time-dependent approach similar to the approach used by Spencer [J. Phys. D 20, 923 (1987)]. The decay time of the electron number density was used to determine the electron temperature in the afterglow, assuming a loss of electrons via ambipolar diffusion to the walls. The electron temperature in the near afterglow remained between 0.4 and 0.6 eV, depending on pressure. This confirms the work by Guerra [IEEE Trans. Plasma. Sci. 31, 542 (2003)], who demonstrated experimentally and numerically that the electron temperature stays significantly above room temperature via superelastic collisions with highly vibrationally excited ground state molecules and metastables, such as A (3)Sigma(+)(u). (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. UES Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Siefert, NS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM nicholas.siefert@gmail.com NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 4 AR 043303 DI 10.1063/1.2234555 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 080GV UT WOS:000240236800022 ER PT J AU Paguio, RR Nikroo, A Takagi, M Acenas, O AF Paguio, RR Nikroo, A Takagi, M Acenas, O TI Fabrication and overcoating of divinylbenzene foam shells using dual initiators SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DVB foam; foam shells; microencapsulation ID TARGETS AB Divinylbenzene (DVB) shells with a density of about 100 mg/cc were produced using a dual-thermal initiator system. New high-gain designs for direct-drive ignition at the National Ignition Facility and the OMEGA laser facility at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics require low-density foam shells such as these. Previous research using a single initiator system produced fragile DVB shells that cracked or imploded during the fabrication process. The dual-initiator DVB system used in the present study enabled the shells to be robust enough to produce a high yield of intact shells. The two thermal initiators used were azo- bisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and another azo-type initiator, V-70. The DVB shells were 800-3500 mu m in diameter, with shell wall thickness 7%-10% of the diameter. Because the foam shells were porous, a full-density permeation barrier of poly(vinyl phenol) was developed and deposited on the shells using two techniques to enable the shells to retain gas. The initial results show that the permeAion barrier was pinhole free and could hold the gas in a gas-filled shell. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. CSU San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096 USA. RP Paguio, RR (reprint author), Gen Atom, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM paguior@fusion.gat.com NR 11 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 101 IS 4 BP 2523 EP 2529 DI 10.1002/app.23906 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 059CA UT WOS:000238709700052 ER PT J AU Elliott, CJ AF Elliott, CJ TI Orthogonal confluent hypergeometric lattice polynomials SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE confluent hypergeometric functions; independent coalescence; orthogonal matrix polynomials; Heun's equation; matrix differential equations; Pochhammer matrix product; radiative transfer; parametric function representation ID LOWERING OPERATORS; FACTORIZATION; EQUATIONS AB Here is a method of solving the difference-differential equations of the confluent hypergeornetric, differential equation using a generalized Pochhammer matrix product. This method provides a convenient analytical way to relate various solutions of the confluent hypergeornetric function to each other when their parameters fall on the same point lattice. These solutions also are of interest to the general classification of orthogonal polynomials and the metrics used to generate them. This method generates Laurent polynomials over the complex domain that are an orthogonal system utilizing a 2 x 2 matrix weight function where the weight matrix has elements that are products of a Kummer solution and its derivative. The index-incremented Pochharnmer matrix polynomials obey a 4 x 4 system of differential equations with a Frobenius solution involving non-commuting matrices that also extends these results to non-integer values but with infinite Laurent series. The termination condition for a polynomial series in the midst of infinite series sheds light on solving general systems of regular linear differential equations. The differential equations generalize Heun's double confluent equation with matrix coefficients. For a radiative transfer flux integral there is a distinct advantage of using these lattice polynomials compared to an asymptotic series/power series combination. We conjecture similar convergence properties for evaluations of confluent hypergeometric functions of either kind and that these matrix methods can be extended to gauss hypergeometric functions and generalized hypergeometric functions. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, C PCS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Elliott, CJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, C PCS, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cje@lanl.gov NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0427 J9 J COMPUT APPL MATH JI J. Comput. Appl. Math. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 193 IS 1 BP 89 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.cam.2005.05.025 PG 20 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 046PT UT WOS:000237824200007 ER PT J AU Spagnoli, D Kerisit, S Parker, SC AF Spagnoli, Dino Kerisit, Sebastien Parker, Stephen C. TI Atomistic simulation of the free energies of dissolution of ions from flat and stepped calcite surfaces SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Summer School on New Advances in Crystal Growth and Nucleation of Complex Materials CY AUG 27-SEP 03, 2005 CL Barga, ITALY SP British Assoc Crystal Growth, UK Network Crystal Growth & Nucleat Complex Mat DE dissolution; flat and stepped surfaces; free energy; molecular dynamics; calcite; Calcium Carbonate ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; WATER INTERFACE; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; CARBONATE MINERALS; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; IN-SITU; ADSORPTION; MONOLAYERS AB Molecular dynamics simulations were used to describe the interaction of calcite flat and stepped surfaces with water. The calculations show that the disruptions of the water density caused by the presence of monoatomic step extend further in the direction normal to the surface than in the direction normal to the step edge. When vacancies were introduced, the disruption of the water density was dependent on both the type of vacancy and step. By performing a series of molecular dynamics simulations we were able to obtain free energy profiles of the dissolution of ions from flat and stepped surfaces. These results show that the type of surface that the ion is being dissolved from has a profound effect on the free energy of dissolution. In addition, our calculations suggest that the relationship between the overall free energy of dissolution and the number of crystal bonds to be broken is not linear, as normally assumed in dissolution models such as the solid-on-solid model. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bath, Dept Chem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Parker, SC (reprint author), Univ Bath, Dept Chem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. EM s.c.parker@bath.ac.uk RI Spagnoli, Dino/F-8641-2011; Parker, Steve/C-8180-2011 OI Spagnoli, Dino/0000-0001-6367-4748; Parker, Steve/0000-0003-3804-0975 NR 31 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 294 IS 1 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.05.030 PG 8 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 086AX UT WOS:000240646600016 ER PT J AU Roy, A Hickner, MA Yu, X Li, YX Glass, TE McGrath, JE AF Roy, Abhishek Hickner, Michael A. Yu, Xiang Li, Yanxiang Glass, Thomas E. McGrath, James E. TI Influence of chemical composition and sequence length on the transport properties of proton exchange membranes SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE proton exchange membrane; sulfonated polymer; block copolymer; direct methanol fuel cell; nuclear magnetic resonance ID POLY(ARYLENE ETHER SULFONE); EQUILIBRIUM POLY(HEMA-CO-THFMA) HYDROGELS; RANDOM STATISTICAL COPOLYMERS; SPIN-ECHO H-1-NMR; SELF-DIFFUSION; FUEL-CELLS; POLYMER ELECTROLYTE; FIELD-GRADIENT; NAFION MEMBRANES; WATER AB One of the integral parts of the fuel cell is the proton exchange membrane. Our research group has been engaged in the past few years in the synthesis of several sulfonated poly(arylene ether) random copolymers. The copolymers were varied in both the bisphenol structure as well as in the functional groups in the backbone such as sulfone and ketones. To compare the effect of sequence length, multi-block copolymers based on poly(arylene ether sulfone)s were synthesized. This paper aims to describe our investigation of the effect of chemical composition, morphology, and ion exchange capacity (IEC) on the transport properties of proton conducting membranes. The key properties examined were proton conductivity, methanol permeability, and water self diffusion coefficient in the membranes. It was observed that under fully hydrated conditions, proton conductivity for both random and block copolymers was a function of IEC and water uptake. However, under partially hydrated conditions, the block copolymers showed improved proton conductivity over the random copolymers. The proton conductivity for the block copolymer series was found to increase with increasing block lengths under partially hydrated conditions. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Macromol & Interfaces Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Chem & Biol Syst Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP McGrath, JE (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Macromol & Interfaces Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jmcgrath@vt.edu NR 39 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 3 U2 45 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 44 IS 16 BP 2226 EP 2239 DI 10.1002/polb.20859 PG 14 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 070RS UT WOS:000239542000004 ER PT J AU Siu, A Pivovar, B Horsfall, J Lovell, KV Holdcroft, S AF Siu, Ana Pivovar, Bryan Horsfall, Jackie Lovell, Keith V. Holdcroft, Steven TI Dependence of methanol permeability on the nature of water and the morphology of graft copolymer proton exchange membranes SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE free water; freezable water; low temperature DSC; methanol permeability; N117; PAN-g-macPSSA; phase separation; polyacrylonitrile; polymer electrolyte; PVDF-g-PSSA; radiation grafted membranes; stable free radical polymerization; state of water ID POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANES; SULFONATED POLY(VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE); FUEL-CELL; COMPOSITE MEMBRANES; DIFFUSION; NAFION; POLYACRYLONITRILE; TRANSPORT; STYRENE; STATE AB Novel polymers with controlled microstructures were prepared and studied to further advance the understanding of structure-property relationships of proton conducting membranes. PAN-g-macPSSA membranes, which contained poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PSSA) grafts of defined graft length, are compared with PVDF-g-PSSA membranes, prepared by radiation-grafting, and Nafion (R) 117. The intrinsic properties of PAN-g-macPSSA membranes are insensitive to the macromonomer graft length but are highly dependent on the ion exchange capacities (IEC). Increasing the IEC increases the content of free water absorbed by the membrane. Self-diffusion coefficients of water in water-swollen PAN-g-macPSSA were found to be similar to that of N117, despite PAN-g-macPSSA's higher water content. Of the polymers studied, PAN-g-macPSSA exhibited the lowest methanol permeability, which is explained on the basis of it containing a more tortuous ionic network. Methanol permeability decreased with decreasing volume of free water. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST 11, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Cranfield Univ, Dept Mat & Med Sci, Swindon SN6 8LA, Wilts, England. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Fuel Cell Innovat, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada. RP Holdcroft, S (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM holdcrof@sfu.ca NR 47 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 44 IS 16 BP 2240 EP 2252 DI 10.1002/polb.20860 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 070RS UT WOS:000239542000005 ER PT J AU Yaron, PN Telling, MTF Larese, JZ AF Yaron, Peter N. Telling, Mark T. F. Larese, J. Z. TI Thermodynamic investigation of n-hexane thin films adsorbed on magnesium oxide SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID LIQUID NORMAL-ALKANES; ADSORPTION-ISOTHERM; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MONOLAYERS; GRAPHITE; BUTANE; MGO; SIMULATION; CRYSTALS; DYNAMICS AB The thermodynamic properties of n-hexane adsorption on MgO(100) were determined using high-resolution volumetric adsorption isotherms in the temperature range 195-255 K. Two distinct layering transitions are observed in the isotherms. The isotherms are used to calculate the two-dimensional compressibility, the differential enthalpy and entropy, the heat of adsorption, and the isosteric heat of adsorption. Neutron Diffraction is used to identify where melting of the n-hexane monolayer takes place. C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Larese, JZ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Buehler Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jzl@utk.edu RI Telling, Mark/F-3294-2014 NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 22 IS 17 BP 7203 EP 7207 DI 10.1021/la060996c PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 071JA UT WOS:000239596300022 PM 16893216 ER PT J AU Wang, LJ Qiu, SR Zachowicz, W Guan, XY DeYoreo, JJ Nancollas, GH Hoyer, JR AF Wang, Lijun Qiu, S. Roger Zachowicz, William Guan, Xiangying DeYoreo, James J. Nancollas, George H. Hoyer, John R. TI Modulation of calcium oxalate crystallization by linear aspartic acid-rich peptides SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-GROWTH; FORCE MICROSCOPY; SELECTIVE BINDING; SHELL PROTEINS; HUMAN-URINE; OSTEOPONTIN; MONOHYDRATE; UROPONTIN; KINETICS; BIOMINERALIZATION AB Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) kidney stone formation is prevented in most humans by urinary crystallization inhibitors. Urinary osteopontin (OPN) is a prototype of the aspartic acid-rich proteins (AARP) that modulate biomineralization. Synthetic poly(aspartic acids) that resemble functional domains of AARPs provide surrogate molecules for exploring the role of AARPs in biomineralization. Effects of linear aspartic acid-rich peptides on COM growth kinetics and morphology were evaluated by the combination of constant composition (CC) analysis and atomic force microscopy (AFM). A spacer amino acid (either glycine or serine) was incorporated during synthesis after each group of 3 aspartic acids (DDD) in the 27-mer peptide sequences. Kinetic CC studies revealed that the DDD peptide with serine spacers (DDDS) was more than 30 times more effective in inhibiting COM crystal growth than the DDD peptide with glycine spacers (DDDG). AFM revealed changes in morphology on (010) and (-101) COM faces that were generally similar to those previously described for OPN and citrate, respectively. At comparable peptide levels, the effects of step pinning and reduced growth rate caused by DDDS were remarkably greater. In CC nucleation studies, DDDS caused a greater prolongation of induction periods than DDDG. Thus, nucleation studies link changes in interfacial energy caused by peptide adsorption to COM to the CC growth and AFM results. These studies indicate that, in addition to the number of acidic residues, the contributions of other amino acids to the conformation of DDD peptides are also important determinants of the inhibition of COM nucleation and growth. C1 Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Hoyer, JR (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM hoyer@mail.med.upenn.edu RI GUAN, XIANGYING/F-4646-2010 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE03223]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK61673, DK33501] NR 28 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 22 IS 17 BP 7279 EP 7285 DI 10.1021/la060897z PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 071JA UT WOS:000239596300033 PM 16893227 ER PT J AU Hodge, AM Wang, YM Barbee, TW AF Hodge, A. M. Wang, Y. M. Barbee, T. W., Jr. TI Large-scale production of nano-twinned, ultrafine-grained copper SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE ultrafine-grained copper; nano-twinned; multilayers; sputtering ID NANOCRYSTALLINE COPPER; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; ULTRAHIGH-STRENGTH; THIN-FILMS; TENSILE PROPERTIES; STRESS; DUCTILITY; CU; MULTILAYERS; GROWTH AB Large-scale production of high purity (99.999%), nano-twinned, and ultrafine-grained copper foils (22 mu m thick) was successfully implemented by the use of nanoscale multilayer technology. The process allows the production of up to fourteen 10 cm diameter foils during a single deposition run with high levels of reproducibility. Mechanical tests demonstrate that the strength of the Cu foils (alpha(y) similar to 540-690 MPa) compares favorably to ultratine-grained copper samples produced by other methods. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nanoscale Synth & Characterizat Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hodge, AM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 808,L-352, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hodge4@llnl.gov RI Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/F-2249-2010 OI Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/0000-0002-7161-2034 NR 26 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 4 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 429 IS 1-2 BP 272 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.05.109 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 072PS UT WOS:000239685900036 ER PT J AU Roth, M Audebert, P Blazevic, A Brambrink, E Cobble, J Cowan, TE Fernandez, J Fuchs, J Geissel, M Hegelich, M Karsch, S Ruhl, H Schollmeier, M Stephens, R AF Roth, M. Audebert, P. Blazevic, A. Brambrink, E. Cobble, J. Cowan, T. E. Fernandez, J. Fuchs, J. Geissel, M. Hegelich, M. Karsch, S. Ruhl, H. Schollmeier, M. Stephens, R. TI Laser accelerated heavy particles - Tailoring of ion beams on a nano-scale SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID FAST-ELECTRON TRANSPORT; ULTRA-INTENSE LASERS; PLASMA INTERACTIONS; PROTON GENERATION; PENETRATION; TARGETS; SURFACE; DRIVEN; SOLIDS AB Intense lasers of femtosecond pulse duration are known to be drivers for intense electron and ion beams. Those beams, generated at laser intensities exceeding 10(19) W/cm(2), are known to have unique characteristics and are therefore a subject of intense research world wide. Recently, the parameters of laser driven ion beams have been measured using new methods and it has been demonstrated, that beam patterns on a nanometer scale can be generated and propagated over long distances. We report on recent results and prospects for future application with special respect to further laser developments. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tech Univ Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. Lab Utilisat Lasers Intenses, Palaiseau, France. Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Roth, M (reprint author), Tech Univ Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. EM m.roth@gsi.de RI Fernandez, Juan/H-3268-2011; Schollmeier, Marius/H-1056-2012; Cowan, Thomas/A-8713-2011; OI Fernandez, Juan/0000-0002-1438-1815; Schollmeier, Marius/0000-0002-0683-022X; Cowan, Thomas/0000-0002-5845-000X; Stephens, Richard/0000-0002-7034-6141 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 EI 1873-0310 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 264 IS 2 BP 519 EP 524 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2005.12.085 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 076SP UT WOS:000239978300037 ER PT J AU Holm, DD Putkaradze, V AF Holm, Darryl D. Putkaradze, Vakhtang TI Formation of clumps and patches in self-aggregation of finite-size particles SO PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE gradient flows; blow-up; chemotaxis; parabolic-elliptic system; singular solutions ID ION-TRANSPORT; ARRAYS; NANOPARTICLES; EQUATIONS; PATTERNS; COLLOIDS; CHANNELS; GROWTH AB New model equations are derived for the dynamics of self-aggregation of finite-size particles. Differences from standard Debye-Huckel [P. Debye. E. Huckel, Zur Theorie der Elektrolyte: (2): Das Grenzgesetz fur die Elektrische Leiftfahrigkeit (On the theory of electrolytes 2: limiting law of electrical conductivity), Phys. Z. 24 (1923) 305-325] and Keller-Segel [E.F. Keller, L.A. Segel, J. Theoret. Biol. 26 (1970) 399-415: EF Keller, L.A. Segel, J. Theoret. Biol. 30 (1971) 225-234] models are: (a) the mobility p of particles depends on the locally averaged particle density and (b) linear diffusion acts on that locally averaged particle density. The cases both with and without diffusion are considered here. Surprisingly, these simple modifications of standard models allow progress in the analytical description of evolution as well as the complete analysis of stationary states. When mu remains positive, the evolution of collapsed states in our model reduces exactly to finite dimensional dynamics of interacting particle clumps. Simulations show these collapsed (clumped) states emerging from smooth initial conditions, even in one spatial dimension. If mu vanishes for some averaged density, the evolution leads to the spontaneous formation of jammed patches (a weak solution with the density having compact support). Simulations confirm that a combination of these patches forms the final state for the system. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Math, Ft Collins, CO 80536 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Math, London SW7 2AZ, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Putkaradze, V (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Math, Ft Collins, CO 80536 USA. EM dholm@lanl.gov; putkarad@math.colostate.edu OI Holm, Darryl D/0000-0001-6362-9912 NR 30 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 220 IS 2 BP 183 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.physd.2006.07.010 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 082KT UT WOS:000240386400008 ER PT J AU Bhardwaj, RD Curtis, MA Spalding, KL Buchholz, BA Fink, D Bjork-Eriksson, T Nordborg, C Gage, FH Druid, H Eriksson, PS Frisen, J AF Bhardwaj, Ratan D. Curtis, Maurice A. Spalding, Kirsty L. Buchholz, Bruce A. Fink, David Bjork-Eriksson, Thomas Nordborg, Claes Gage, Fred H. Druid, Henrik Eriksson, Peter S. Frisen, Jonas TI Neocortical neurogenesis in humans is restricted to development SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE neocortex; stem cell ID NEWLY GENERATED NEURONS; ADULT HUMAN BRAIN; HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; PROGENITOR CELLS; VISUAL-CORTEX; NUCLEAR TESTS; PRIMATES; AMS; MIGRATION AB Stem cells generate neurons in discrete regions in the postnatal mammalian brain. However, the extent of neurogenesis in the adult human brain has been difficult to establish. We have taken advantage of the integration of C-14, generated by nuclear bomb tests during the Cold War, in DNA to establish the age of neurons in the major areas of the human cerebral neocortex. Together with the analysis of the neocortex from patients who received BrdU, which integrates in the DNA of dividing cells, our results demonstrate that, whereas nonneuronal cells turn over, neurons in the human cerebral neocortex are not generated in adulthood at detectable levels but are generated perinatally. C1 Med Nobel Inst, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. Karolinska Inst, Dept Forens Med, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. Gothenburg Univ, Sahlgrenska Acad, Sect Clin Neurosci, Inst Neurosci & Physiol, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Dept Oncol, SE-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden. Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Dept Pathol, SE-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden. Salk Inst Biol Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Frisen, J (reprint author), Med Nobel Inst, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. EM peter.eriksson@neuro.gu.se; jonas.frisen@ki.se RI Buchholz, Bruce/G-1356-2011; fink, David/A-9518-2012; OI Druid, Henrik/0000-0002-9198-023X FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR13461, P41 RR013461] NR 51 TC 201 Z9 210 U1 2 U2 17 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 33 BP 12564 EP 12568 DI 10.1073/pnas.0605177103 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 075EW UT WOS:000239867500065 PM 16901981 ER PT J AU Xu, QP Schwarzenbacher, R Krishna, SS McMullan, D Agarwalla, S Quijano, K Abdubek, P Ambing, E Axelrod, H Biorac, T Canaves, JM Chiu, HJ Elsliger, MA Grittini, C Grzechnik, SK DiDonato, M Hale, J Hampton, E Han, GW Haugen, J Hornsby, M Jaroszewski, L Klock, HE Knuth, MW Koesema, E Kreusch, A Kuhn, P Miller, MD Moy, K Nigoghossian, E Paulsen, J Reyes, R Rife, C Spraggon, G Stevens, RC Van den Bedem, H Velasquez, J White, A Wolf, G Hodgson, KO Wooley, J Deacon, AM Godzik, A Lesley, SA Wilson, IA AF Xu, Qingping Schwarzenbacher, Robert Krishna, S. Sri McMullan, Daniel Agarwalla, Sanjay Quijano, Kevin Abdubek, Polat Ambing, Eileen Axelrod, Herbert Biorac, Tanya Canaves, Jaume M. Chiu, Hsiu-Ju Elsliger, Marc-Andre Grittini, Carina Grzechnik, Slawomir K. DiDonato, Michael Hale, Joanna Hampton, Eric Han, Gye Won Haugen, Justin Hornsby, Michael Jaroszewski, Lukasz Klock, Heath E. Knuth, Mark W. Koesema, Eric Kreusch, Andreas Kuhn, Peter Miller, Mitchell D. Moy, Kin Nigoghossian, Edward Paulsen, Jessica Reyes, Ron Rife, Chris Spraggon, Glen Stevens, Raymond C. Van den Bedem, Henry Velasquez, Jeff White, Aprilfawn Wolf, Guenter Hodgson, Keith O. Wooley, John Deacon, Ashley M. Godzik, Adam Lesley, Scott A. Wilson, Ian A. TI Crystal structure of acireductone dioxygenase (ARD) from Mus musculus at 2.06 A resolution SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID THERMOTOGA-MARITIMA; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; PROTEIN; DIFFRACTION; REFINEMENT; DATABASE; MODELS C1 Scripps Res Inst, JCSG, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Novartis Res Fdn, Genom Inst, San Diego, CA USA. RP Wilson, IA (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, JCSG, BCC206,10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM wilson@scripps.edu RI subramanian, srikrishna/D-5004-2009; Godzik, Adam/A-7279-2009; OI subramanian, srikrishna/0000-0002-3263-1048; Godzik, Adam/0000-0002-2425-852X; van den Bedem, Henry/0000-0003-2358-841X FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM62411, U54 GM074898] NR 25 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 24 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 64 IS 3 BP 808 EP 813 DI 10.1002/prot.20947 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 064QI UT WOS:000239103800027 PM 16783794 ER PT J AU Albenze, EJ Shamsi, A AF Albenze, Erik J. Shamsi, Abolghasem TI Density functional theory study of hydrogen sulfide dissociation on bi-metallic Ni-Mo catalysts SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bi-metallic surfaces; hydrogen sulfide; surface chemical reaction; ab initio quantum chemical methods and calculations; kinetics; models of surface chemical reactions; catalysis; atom-solid interactions ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; H2S DECOMPOSITION; 1ST PRINCIPLES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ADSORPTION; SURFACES; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; METALS; SULFUR AB This work presents results on the dissociation of H2S over Ni-Mo catalysts suggesting that the presence of surface Mo-atom(s) has a significant impact on both the energetics of the process and the reaction mechanism. The presence of one Mo atom provides an additional energetic advantage of 10.2 kcal/mol overall. While increasing the energetic advantage of the process, the presence of Mo atom also increases the activation barriers by at most 3 kcal/mol. The large exothermic nature of this process combined with the comparatively small activation barriers suggests that the H2S dissociation process is a facile process on all of the surfaces studied here. Additionally, analysis was provided to explain the difference in catalytic behavior between a bi-metallic alloy and a bi-metallic sulfide. It was determined that the bi-metallic alloy binds sulfur strongly (> 100 kcal/mol) which can be compared with the results of Sun and co-workers [M. Sun, A.E. Nelson, J. Adjaye, Catal. Today 105 (2005) 36] who predict that S adsorption on the metal sulfide phase is not energetically favorable. It is suggested that the sulfide surface does not bind S in an energetically favorable manner because the sulfide surface structure does not possess a binding site that can emulate the hollow site on a metal surface. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Parsons Project Serv Inc, NETL Support Contractor, South Pk, PA 15129 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Shamsi, A (reprint author), Parsons Project Serv Inc, NETL Support Contractor, POB 618, South Pk, PA 15129 USA. EM abolghasem.shamsi@netl.doe.gov NR 46 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 600 IS 16 BP 3202 EP 3216 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2006.06.006 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 082UP UT WOS:000240413000018 ER PT J AU Arenal, R Kociak, M Loiseau, A Miller, DJ AF Arenal, R. Kociak, M. Loiseau, A. Miller, D. -J. TI Determination of chiral indices of individual single- and double-walled boron nitride nanotubes by electron diffraction SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; SPECTROSCOPY AB The intensities of electron diffraction patterns from individual (single-, double-walled) boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) as well as from bundles of these tubes have been recorded. The helicities have been systematically measured, and the diameter and the chiral indices have been determined. The analysis of 121 nanotubes reveals that 12% of the tubes are zigzag, while the distribution of the other helicities is uniform. The large value of the intertube distance and the significant difference of the chiral angle between the two constituent tubes in double-walled BNNTs indicate a lower interaction between the BN sheets than in bulk hexagonal BN. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Phys Solides Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France. Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, CNRS, Lab Etude Microstruct, F-92322 Chatillon, France. RP Arenal, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM arenal@anl.gov RI Arenal, Raul/D-2065-2009 OI Arenal, Raul/0000-0002-2071-9093 NR 19 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 14 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 7 AR 073104 DI 10.1063/1.2335379 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 074WL UT WOS:000239842400068 ER PT J AU Espinosa, HD Peng, B Moldovan, N Friedmann, TA Xiao, X Mancini, DC Auciello, O Carlisle, J Zorman, CA Merhegany, M AF Espinosa, H. D. Peng, B. Moldovan, N. Friedmann, T. A. Xiao, X. Mancini, D. C. Auciello, O. Carlisle, J. Zorman, C. A. Merhegany, M. TI Elasticity, strength, and toughness of single crystal silicon carbide, ultrananocrystalline diamond, and hydrogen-free tetrahedral amorphous carbon SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; MEMS MATERIALS; POLYSILICON; METHODOLOGY AB In this work, the authors report the mechanical properties of three emerging materials in thin film form: single crystal silicon carbide (3C-SiC), ultrananocrystalline diamond, and hydrogen-free tetrahedral amorphous carbon. The materials are being employed in micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems. Several reports addressed some of the mechanical properties of these materials but they are based in different experimental approaches. Here, they use a single testing method, the membrane deflection experiment, to compare these materials' Young's moduli, characteristic strengths, fracture toughnesses, and theoretical strengths. Furthermore, they analyze the applicability of Weibull theory [Proc. Royal Swedish Inst. Eng. Res. 153, 1 (1939); ASME J. Appl. Mech. 18, 293 (1951)] in the prediction of these materials' failure and document the volume- or surface-initiated failure modes by fractographic analysis. The findings are of particular relevance to the selection of micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems materials for various applications of interest. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Espinosa, HD (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM espinosa@northwestern.edu RI Espinosa, Horatio/B-6693-2009; OI Zorman, Christian/0000-0001-9773-9351 NR 18 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 14 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 7 AR 073111 DI 10.1063/1.2336220 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 074WL UT WOS:000239842400075 ER PT J AU Grbovic, D Lavrik, NV Datskos, PG Forrai, D Nelson, E Devitt, J McIntyre, B AF Grbovic, D. Lavrik, N. V. Datskos, P. G. Forrai, D. Nelson, E. Devitt, J. McIntyre, B. TI Uncooled infrared imaging using bimaterial microcantilever arrays SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; DETECTORS AB We report on fabrication and characterization of arrays of bimaterial microcantilevers and discuss their performance as uncooled infrared imagers. An optical readout was used to simultaneously measure deflections of all microcantilevers in the array. The fabricated arrays had an average noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) and a response time of 1.5 K and 6 ms, respectively. Some microcantilevers in the array exhibited NETD values below 500 mK, approaching our theoretical prediction of 151 mK. A unique and valuable feature of the implemented approach is its straightforward scalability to higher resolution arrays, without progressively growing complexity and cost. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37931 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. L3 Commun Cincinnati Elect, Mason, OH 45040 USA. Penn State Univ, Electroopt Ctr, Freeport, PA 16229 USA. RP Datskos, PG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37931 USA. EM datskospg@ornl.gov RI Lavrik, Nickolay/B-5268-2011 OI Lavrik, Nickolay/0000-0002-9543-5634 NR 9 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 14 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 7 AR 073118 DI 10.1063/1.2337083 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 074WL UT WOS:000239842400082 ER PT J AU Kuklja, MM Rashkeev, SN Zerilli, FJ AF Kuklja, M. M. Rashkeev, S. N. Zerilli, F. J. TI Shear-strain induced decomposition of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS METHODS; PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE; ELECTRONIC EXCITATIONS; CYCLOTRIMETHYLENE TRINITRAMINE; CRYSTAL ORIENTATION; INITIATION; COMPRESSION; MECHANISM; METALS AB The structural and electronic features of shear strains in the molecular crystal 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene and their effect on decomposition of the material are investigated. The authors demonstrate that shear strains lower the decomposition barrier and narrow the band gap of the solid and thus facilitate thermal chemistry in molecular materials. The appearance of defect-related electronic states in the band gap is consistent with previous results for dislocation modeling in molecular solids and with experiments on energetic materials. The dynamic behavior of the band gap contains a rich variety of information about the details of the decomposition processes at the initiation stage. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Natl Sci Fdn, Div Mat Res, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Kuklja, MM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM mkukla@nsf.gov NR 31 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 14 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 7 AR 071904 DI 10.1063/1.2335680 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 074WL UT WOS:000239842400022 ER PT J AU Levitas, VI Asay, BW Son, SF Pantoya, M AF Levitas, Valery I. Asay, Blaine W. Son, Steven F. Pantoya, Michelle TI Melt dispersion mechanism for fast reaction of nanothermites SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE; LIQUID ALUMINUM; COMBUSTION; COMPOSITES; OXIDATION; THERMITES; IGNITION; DENSITY AB An unexpected mechanism for fast oxidation of Al nanoparticles covered by a thin oxide shell (OS) is proposed. The volume change due to melting of Al induces pressures of 0.1-4 GPa and causes spallation of the OS. A subsequent unloading wave creates high tensile pressures resulting in dispersion of liquid Al clusters, oxidation of which is not limited by diffusion (in contrast to traditional mechanisms). Physical parameters controlling this process are determined. Methods to promote this melt dispersion mechanism, and consequently, improve efficiency of energetic nanothermites are discussed. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Levitas, VI (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM valery.levitas@ttu.edu OI Son, Steven/0000-0001-7498-2922 NR 17 TC 99 Z9 101 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 14 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 7 AR 071909 DI 10.1063/1.2335362 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 074WL UT WOS:000239842400027 ER PT J AU Lu, ZP Shen, J Xing, DW Sun, JF Liu, CT AF Lu, Z. P. Shen, J. Xing, D. W. Sun, J. F. Liu, C. T. TI Binary eutectic clusters and glass formation in ideal glass-forming liquids SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BULK METALLIC-GLASS; ALLOYS; ABILITY AB In this letter, a physical concept of binary eutectic clusters in "ideal" glass-forming liquids is proposed based on the characteristics of most well-known bulk metallic glasses (BMGs). The authors approach also includes the treatment of binary eutectic clusters as basic units, which leads to the development of a simple but reliable method for designing BMGs more efficiently and effectively in these unique glass-forming liquids. As an example, bulk glass formers with superior glass-forming ability in the Zr-Ni-Cu-Al and Zr-Fe-Cu-Al systems were identified with the use of the strategy. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Lu, ZP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM luzp@ornl.gov RI Lu, Zhao-Ping/A-2718-2009 NR 13 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 14 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 7 AR 071910 DI 10.1063/1.2336597 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 074WL UT WOS:000239842400028 ER PT J AU Yi, JM Je, JH Chu, YS Zhong, Y Hwu, Y Margaritondo, G AF Yi, J. M. Je, J. H. Chu, Y. S. Zhong, Y. Hwu, Y. Margaritondo, G. TI Bright-field imaging of lattice distortions using x rays SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONTRAST; MICROPIPES; CRYSTALS AB Can x rays yield bright-field images of crystalline systems similar to those of transmission electron microscopy? So far, the response was negative, but the authors present here a positive case: bright-field x-ray images carrying information both from diffraction/scattering phenomena and from absorption and phase contrast. Specifically, synchrotron x-ray transmission micrographs simultaneously yielded diffraction-based information on strain effects and information on structural inhomogeneities when (0001) 4H-SiC wafers were set for a strong reflection in the Laue geometry. This approach offers interesting advantages with respect to the separate study of strain and inhomogeneity effects for a variety of crystalline systems. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 POSTECH, Xray Imaging Ctr, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Yi, JM (reprint author), POSTECH, Xray Imaging Ctr, Pohang 790784, South Korea. EM jhje@postech.ac.kr RI Margaritondo, Giorgio/B-1367-2008; Centre d'imagerie Biomedicale, CIBM/B-5740-2012 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 14 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 7 AR 074103 DI 10.1063/1.2337528 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 074WL UT WOS:000239842400097 ER PT J AU Pollard, DA Moses, AM Iyer, VN Eisen, MB AF Pollard, Daniel A. Moses, Alan M. Iyer, Venky N. Eisen, Michael B. TI Detecting the limits of regulatory element conservation and divergence estimation using pairwise and multiple alignments SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID FACTOR-BINDING-SITES; EVOLUTIONARY DISTANCE ESTIMATION; GENOMIC DNA-SEQUENCES; NONCODING DNA; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; DEVELOPMENTAL ENHANCERS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; EUKARYOTIC GENOME; GENE AB Background: Molecular evolutionary studies of noncoding sequences rely on multiple alignments. Yet how multiple alignment accuracy varies across sequence types, tree topologies, divergences and tools, and further how this variation impacts specific inferences, remains unclear. Results: Here we develop a molecular evolution simulation platform, CisEvolver, with models of background noncoding and transcription factor binding site evolution, and use simulated alignments to systematically examine multiple alignment accuracy and its impact on two key molecular evolutionary inferences: transcription factor binding site conservation and divergence estimation. We find that the accuracy of multiple alignments is determined almost exclusively by the pairwise divergence distance of the two most diverged species and that additional species have a negligible influence on alignment accuracy. Conserved transcription factor binding sites align better than surrounding noncoding DNA yet are often found to be misaligned at relatively short divergence distances, such that studies of binding site gain and loss could easily be confounded by alignment error. Divergence estimates from multiple alignments tend to be overestimated at short divergence distances but reach a tool specific divergence at which they cease to increase, leading to underestimation at long divergences. Our most striking finding was that overall alignment accuracy, binding site alignment accuracy and divergence estimation accuracy vary greatly across branches in a tree and are most accurate for terminal branches connecting sister taxa and least accurate for internal branches connecting sub-alignments. Conclusion: Our results suggest that variation in alignment accuracy can lead to errors in molecular evolutionary inferences that could be construed as biological variation. These findings have implications for which species to choose for analyses, what kind of errors would be expected for a given set of species and how multiple alignment tools and phylogenetic inference methods might be improved to minimize or control for alignment errors. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Grad Grp Biophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Dept Genome Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Integrat Genom, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Eisen, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Grad Grp Biophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dpollard@berkeley.edu; amoses@gmail.com; venky@berkeley.edu; mbeisen@berkeley.edu OI Eisen, Michael/0000-0002-7528-738X FU NHGRI NIH HHS [R01 HG002779, R01 HG002779-01, R01 HG002779-02, R01 HG002779-03, R01 HG002779-04, R01-HG002779-02] NR 88 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD AUG 14 PY 2006 VL 7 AR 376 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-7-376 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 094HX UT WOS:000241231600001 PM 16904011 ER PT J AU Li, YM Miller, WH AF Li, Yimin Miller, William H. TI Using a family of dividing surfaces normal to the minimum energy path for quantum instanton rate constants SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-STATE THEORY; THERMAL RATE CONSTANTS; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; APPROXIMATION; MECHANICS; DYNAMICS AB One of the outstanding issues in the quantum instanton (QI) theory (or any transition-state-type theory) for thermal rate constants of chemical reactions is the choice of an appropriate "dividing surface" (DS) that separates reactants and products. (In the general version of the QI theory, there are actually two dividing surfaces involved.) This paper shows one simple and general way for choosing DSs for use in QI theory, namely, using the family of (hyper) planes normal to the minimum energy path on the potential energy surface at various distances s along it. Here the reaction coordinate is not one of the dynamical coordinates of the system (which will in general be the Cartesian coordinates of the atoms), but rather simply a parameter which specifies the DS. It is also shown how this idea can be implemented for an N atom system in three-dimensional space in a way that preserves overall translational and rotational invariance. Numerical application to a simple system (the collinear H+H-2 reaction) is presented to illustrate the procedure. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Kenneth S Pitzer Ctr Theoret Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Li, YM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM miller@cchem.berkeley.edu RI Li, Yimin/F-5817-2012; Li, Yimin/F-5821-2012 NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 14 PY 2006 VL 125 IS 6 AR 064104 DI 10.1063/1.2220567 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 073TI UT WOS:000239765100006 PM 16942270 ER PT J AU Sutter, E Sutter, P AF Sutter, E. Sutter, P. TI Assembly of Ge nanocrystals on SiO2 via a stress-induced dewetting process SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ON-INSULATOR 100; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; ISLANDS AB We use epitaxial Ge islands on silicon-on-insulator ( 001) to initiate and drive the dewetting of the ultrathin (< 8 nm) Si template layer. The process exposes the underlying SiO2 layer and transforms the Ge islands into oxide-supported, electrically isolated, Ge-rich nanocrystals. We investigate the process of dewetting and demonstrate that it can be used for the controlled assembly of nanocrystals-from isolated single ones to dense arrays. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sutter, E (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM esutter@bnl.gov NR 13 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD AUG 14 PY 2006 VL 17 IS 15 BP 3724 EP 3727 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/17/15/018 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 072SP UT WOS:000239693600018 ER PT J AU Asatrian, HM Hovhannisyan, A Poghosyan, V Ewerth, T Greub, C Hurth, T AF Asatrian, H. M. Hovhannisyan, A. Poghosyan, V. Ewerth, T. Greub, C. Hurth, T. TI NNLL QCD contribution of the electromagnetic dipole operator to Gamma ((B)over-bar -> X-s gamma) SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID RARE B-DECAYS; MINIMAL FLAVOR VIOLATION; PHOTON ENERGY-SPECTRUM; S-GAMMA; INTEGRALS; RENORMALIZATION; B->S-GAMMA; B->S+GAMMA; MATRIX; BETA AB We present an independent calculation of that part of the O(alpha(2)(s)) contribution to the decay width Gamma ((B) over bar -> X-s gamma) which arises from the self-interference term of the electromagnetic dipole operator O-7. Using a different method, we find complete agreement with a previous calculation. This NNLL contribution is an important ingredient for the complete NNLL prediction of Gamma((B) over bar -> X-s gamma) which will resolve the charm quark mass ambiguity appearing at NLL accuracy. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 CERN, Dept Phys, Theory Unit, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Bern, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. RP Hurth, T (reprint author), CERN, Dept Phys, Theory Unit, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. EM tobias.hurth@cern.ch NR 59 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD AUG 14 PY 2006 VL 749 IS 1-3 BP 325 EP 337 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2006.05.026 PG 13 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 069VO UT WOS:000239477000013 ER PT J AU Yu, K Lee, D Krishnamoorthy, U Park, N Solgaard, A AF Yu, Kyoungsik Lee, Daesung Krishnamoorthy, Uma Park, Namkyoo Solgaard, Olav TI Micromachined Fourier transform spectrometer on silicon optical bench platform SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems CY JUN 05-09, 2005 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Korean Sensors Soc, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEE Japan, Sensors & Micromach Soc, Int Federat Automat Control, Inst Control, Automat & Syst Engineers, Inst Elect Engineers Korea, Korean Inst Elect Engineers, Korean Soc Mech Engineers, Korean Soc Precis Engn, Korean Robot Soc DE Fourier transform spectroscopy; DRIE; KOH; lateral combdrive actuator; optical MEMS ID INTERFEROMETER; TECHNOLOGY AB We present a miniaturized Fourier transform spectrometer implemented on a silicon optical bench platform. Both optical and opto-mechanical components of a Michelson interferometer, including a silicon beam splitter, micromirrors, MEMS actuators, and fiber U-grooves, are simultaneously fabricated by micromachining of the device layer of a silicon-on-insulator wafer. Our specialized bulk micromachining process combines the flexible definition capability of deep reactive ion etching with the good surface quality provided by anisotropic KOH wet etching. This integrated Fourier transform spectrometer has a measured spectral resolution of approximately 45 nm near 1500 nm wavelength. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Korea Elect Engn & Sci Res Inst, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Stanford Univ, EL Ginzton Lab, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Yu, K (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Korea Elect Engn & Sci Res Inst, San 56-1,Sillim Dong, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM ks_yu@snu.ac.kr; solgaard@stanford.edu RI Yu, Kyoungsik/C-7207-2009; Yu, Kyoungsik/C-2078-2011; OI Park, Namkyoo/0000-0003-0197-7633 NR 17 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD AUG 14 PY 2006 VL 130 SI SI BP 523 EP 530 DI 10.1016/j.sna.2005.12.022 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 067IK UT WOS:000239295000072 ER PT J AU Hinz, JM Nham, PB Salazar, EP Thompson, LH AF Hinz, John M. Nham, Peter B. Salazar, Edmund P. Thompson, Larry H. TI The Fanconi anemia pathway limits the severity of mutagenesis SO DNA REPAIR LA English DT Review DE spontaneous mutation rate; DNA replication forks; nonhomologous end joining; homologous recombinational repair; DNA double-strand breaks ID STRAND-BREAK REPAIR; INTERSTRAND CROSS-LINKS; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; DNA-DAMAGE RESPONSE; NUCLEAR RAD51 FOCI; ALPHA-SPECTRIN-II; HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION; COMPLEMENTATION GROUP; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; GLYCOPHORIN-A AB Fanconi anemia (FA) is a developmental and cancer predisposition disorder in which key, yet unknown, physiological events promoting chromosome stability are compromised. FA cells exhibit excess metaphase chromatid breaks and are universally hypersensitive to DNA interstrand crosslinking agents. Published mutagenesis data from single-gene mutation assays show both increased and decreased mutation frequencies in FA cells. In this review we discuss the data from the literature and from our isogenic fancq knockout hamster CHO cells, and interpret these data within the framework of a molecular model that accommodates these seemingly divergent observations. In FA cells, reduced rates of recovery of viable X-linked hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) mutants are characteristically observed for diverse mutagenic agents, but also in untreated cultures, indicating the relevance of the FA pathway for processing assorted DNA lesions. We ascribe these reductions to: (1) impaired mutagenic translesion synthesis within hprt during DNA replication and (2) lethality of mutant cells following replication fork breakage on the X chromosome, caused by unrepaired double-strand breaks or large deletions/translocations encompassing essential genes flanking hprt. These findings, along with studies showing increased spontaneous mutability of FA cells at two autosomal loci, support a model in which FA proteins promote both translesion synthesis at replication-blocking lesions and repair of broken replication forks by homologous recombination and DNA end joining. The essence of this model is that the FANC protein pathway serves to restrict the severity of mutational outcome by favoring base substitutions and small deletions over larger deletions and chromosomal rearrangements. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Thompson, LH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate, POB 808,L441, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM thompson14@llnl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA11256, CA89405] NR 93 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-7864 J9 DNA REPAIR JI DNA Repair PD AUG 13 PY 2006 VL 5 IS 8 BP 875 EP 884 DI 10.1016/j.dnarep.2006.05.039 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 074ZJ UT WOS:000239851100002 PM 16815103 ER PT J AU Tasi, G Izsak, R Matisz, G Csaszar, AG Kallay, M Ruscic, B Stanton, JF AF Tasi, Gyula Izsak, Robert Matisz, Gergely Csaszar, Attila G. Kallay, Mihaly Ruscic, Branko Stanton, John F. TI The origin of systematic error in the standard enthalpies of formation of hydrocarbons computed via atornization schemes SO CHEMPHYSCHEM LA English DT Article DE carbon; enthalpy of formation; G2(MP2,SVP); hydrocarbons; thermochemistry ID ACTIVE THERMOCHEMICAL TABLES; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORIES; AB-INITIO THERMOCHEMISTRY; SET MODEL CHEMISTRY; N-ALKANES; COMPUTATIONAL THERMOCHEMISTRY; CONFORMATIONAL PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR-ENERGIES; G2 THEORY; GAUSSIAN-2 C1 Univ Szeged, Dept Appl & Environm Chem, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Inst Chem, Lab Mol Spect, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. Budapest Univ Technol & Econ, Dept Phys Chem, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Inst Theoret Chem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Tasi, G (reprint author), Univ Szeged, Dept Appl & Environm Chem, Rerrich B Ter 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. EM tasi@chem.u-szeged.hu RI Csaszar, Attila/A-5241-2009; Matisz, Gergely/D-6637-2012; Kallay, Mihaly/H-2813-2012; Ruscic, Branko/A-8716-2008 OI Kallay, Mihaly/0000-0003-1080-6625; Ruscic, Branko/0000-0002-4372-6990 NR 38 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1439-4235 J9 CHEMPHYSCHEM JI ChemPhysChem PD AUG 11 PY 2006 VL 7 IS 8 BP 1664 EP 1667 DI 10.1002/cphc.200600224 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 075KQ UT WOS:000239884300007 PM 16841354 ER PT J AU Pirruccello, M Sondermann, H Pelton, JG Pellicena, P Hoelz, A Chernoff, J Wemmer, DE Kuriyan, J AF Pirruccello, Michelle Sondermann, Holger Pelton, Jeffrey G. Pellicena, Patricia Hoelz, Andre Chernoff, Jonathan Wemmer, David E. Kuriyan, John TI A dimeric kinase assembly underlying autophosphorylation in the p21 activated kinases SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE P21 activated kinase; autophosphorylation; NMR; protein kinase substrate; kinase ID DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; P21-ACTIVATED KINASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ADAPTER PROTEIN; GAMMA-PAK; SUBSTRATE RECOGNITION; INTERMOLECULAR AUTOPHOSPHORYLATION; PHOSPHORYLASE-KINASE; SH3 DOMAIN; NCK AB The p21-activated kinases (PAKs) are serine/threonine kinases that are involved in a wide variety of cellular functions including cytoskeletal motility, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation. PAKs are inactivated by blockage of the active site of the kinase domain by an N-terminal regulatory domain. GTP-bound forms of Cdc42 and Rac bind to the regulatory domain and displace it, thereby allowing phosphorylation of the kinase domain and maximal activation. A key step in the activation process is the phosphorylation of the activation loop of one PAK kinase domain by another, but little is known about the underlying recognition events that make this phosphorylation specific. We show that the phosphorylated kinase domain of PAK2 dimerizes in solution and that this association is prevented by addition of a substrate peptide. We have identified a crystallographic dimer in a previously determined crystal structure of activated PAK1 in which two kinase domains are arranged face to face and interact through a surface on the large lobe of the kinase domain that is exposed upon release of the autoinhibitory domain. The crystallographic dimer is suggestive of an engagement that mediates trans-autophosphorylation. Mutations at the predicted dimerization interface block dimerization and reduce the rate of autophosphorylation, supporting the role of this interface in PAK activation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Phys Biosci Div, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Tumor Cell Biol Program, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. Rockefeller Univ, Cell Biol Lab, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Wemmer, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dewemmer@lbl.gov; kuriyan@berkeley.edu RI Chernoff, Jonathan/I-7631-2014 OI Chernoff, Jonathan/0000-0002-4803-7836 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR15756]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-08295] NR 52 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD AUG 11 PY 2006 VL 361 IS 2 BP 312 EP 326 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.06.017 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 074WP UT WOS:000239842800009 PM 16837009 ER PT J AU Barrett, BR Stetcu, I Navratil, P Vary, JP AF Barrett, Bruce R. Stetcu, Ionel Navratil, Petr Vary, James P. TI From non-Hermitian effective operators to large-scale no-core shell model calculations for light nuclei SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND GENERAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Physics of Non-Hermitian Operators CY NOV, 2005 CL Stellenbosch, SOUTH AFRICA ID QUANTUM-MECHANICS AB No-core shell model (NCSM) calculations using ab initio effective interactions are very successful in reproducing experimental nuclear spectra. The main theoretical approach is the use of effective operators, which include correlations left out by the truncation of the model space to a numerically tractable size. We review recent applications of the effective operator approach, within a NCSM framework, to the renormalization of the nucleon-nucleon interaction, as well as scalar and tensor operators. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Barrett, BR (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0305-4470 J9 J PHYS A-MATH GEN JI J. Phys. A-Math. Gen. PD AUG 11 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 32 SI SI BP 9983 EP 9992 DI 10.1088/0305-4470/39/32/S03 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 069ZE UT WOS:000239487900004 ER PT J AU Hoagland, RG Hirth, JP Misra, A AF Hoagland, RG Hirth, JP Misra, A TI On the role of weak interfaces in blocking slip in nanoscale layered composites SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID COUPLED PHASE-DIAGRAMS; METAL BINARY-SYSTEMS; THERMOCHEMICAL DATA; DISLOCATIONS; MULTILAYERS; RESISTANCE AB Layered composites of Cu/Nb achieve very high strength levels when the individual layer thicknesses are 1-10 nm, attributable to the interfaces acting as barriers to slip. Atomistic models of Cu/Nb bilayers were used to explore the origins of this resistance. The models clearly show that dislocations placed near an interface experience an attraction toward the interface, regardless of the sign of the Burgers vector or the material in which it is placed. This attraction is caused by shear of the interface induced by the stress field of the dislocation. Furthermore, the dislocation, upon reaching the interface, is absorbed by it in the sense that the core spreads within the interface. We develop a model, using a fractional dislocation approach, which provides an estimate of the strength of the attraction as a function of distance from the interface and also the dependence of the interaction on the type of dislocation. A screw dislocation is much more effective in shearing the interface, and the resulting attractive forces on screws are larger than for edge dislocations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hoagland, RG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hoagland@lanl.gov RI Hoagland, Richard/G-9821-2012; Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012 NR 19 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD AUG 11 PY 2006 VL 86 IS 23 BP 3537 EP 3558 DI 10.1080/14786430600669790 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 050WH UT WOS:000238119500004 ER PT J AU Radovan, HA Murphy, TP Palm, EC Tozer, SW Cooley, JC Mihut, I Agosta, CC AF Radovan, H. A. Murphy, T. P. Palm, E. C. Tozer, S. W. Cooley, J. C. Mihut, I. Agosta, C. C. TI Abrikosov-to-Josephson vortex lattice crossover in heavy fermion CeCoIn5 SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; LOCK-IN; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; PHASE-DIAGRAM; FIELD AB We present torque magnetization measurements on the quasi-2D heavy fermion superconductor CeCoIn5 at temperatures down to 20 mK and magnetic fields up to 18 T. At orientations with the magnetic field perpendicular to the conducting planes, a prominent vortex lattice peak effect is present at around 0.5H(c2). The peak effect gradually disappears upon rotating the field into the plane parallel orientation. We interpret the absence of the peak effect for the plane parallel case as a transformation of the Abrikosov lattice into a Josephson vortex state, favored by the Pauli paramagnetic limit in CeCoIn5 together with the unusually large condensation energy. Additionally, we do not observe flux avalanches as found in organic superconductors and suggest that the complete absence of vortex activity in the plane parallel field orientation is crucial for the formation of Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov superconductivity in CeCoIn5. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. Florida State Univ, NHMFL, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Clark Univ, Dept Phys, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. RP Radovan, HA (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. EM hradovan@uprm.edu RI Stroe, Izabela/B-3790-2010; Cooley, Jason/E-4163-2013 NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD AUG 11 PY 2006 VL 86 IS 23 BP 3569 EP 3579 DI 10.1080/14786430600672703 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 050WH UT WOS:000238119500006 ER PT J AU McCabe, RJ Cerreta, EK Misra, A Kaschner, GC Tome, CN AF McCabe, RJ Cerreta, EK Misra, A Kaschner, GC Tome, CN TI Effects of texture, temperature and strain on the deformation modes of zirconium SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; POLYCRYSTALLINE ZIRCONIUM; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; MECHANICAL RESPONSE; DISLOCATIONS; BEHAVIOR; ZR; DIFFRACTION; ALLOYS AB Clock-rolled, high-purity, textured polycrystalline zirconium exhibits significant plastic anisotropy for compression along the through-thickness and in-plane directions and strong temperature dependence of flow stress for both orientations. Orientation imaging microscopy in a scanning electron microscope and defect analysis via transmission electron microscopy are used to characterize the defect microstructures as a function of initial texture, deformation temperature and plastic strain. The observed deformation mechanisms are correlated with the measured mechanical response. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McCabe, RJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rmccabe@lanl.gov RI Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012; Tome, Carlos/D-5058-2013; Kaschner, George/H-4445-2013; OI McCabe, Rodney /0000-0002-6684-7410 NR 25 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD AUG 11 PY 2006 VL 86 IS 23 BP 3595 EP 3611 DI 10.1080/14786430600684500 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 050WH UT WOS:000238119500008 ER PT J AU Abulencia, A Acosta, D Adelman, J Affolder, T Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Anikeev, K Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Arguin, JF Arisawa, T Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Azzurri, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Bartsch, V Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Belloni, A Ben Haim, E Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Beringer, J Berry, T Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Boisvert, V Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Boveia, A Brau, B Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Budd, S Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canelli, F Canepa, A Carlsmith, D Carosi, R Carron, S Casal, B Casarsa, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cavalli-Sforza, M Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chang, SH Chapman, J Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, I Cho, K Chokheli, D Chou, JP Chu, PH Chuang, SH Chung, K Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciljak, M Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, A Clark, D Coca, M Compostella, G Convery, ME Conway, J Cooper, B Copic, K Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Crescioli, F Cruz, A Almenar, CC Cuevas, J Culbertson, R Cyr, D DaRonco, S D'Auria, S D'Onofrio, M Dagenhart, D De Barbaro, P De Cecco, S Deisher, A De Lentdecker, G Dell'Orso, M Paoli, FD Demers, S Demortier, L Deng, J Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Di Giovanni, GP Di Ruzza, B Dionisi, C Dittmann, JR DiTuro, P Dorr, C Donati, S Donega, M Dong, P Donini, J Dorigo, T Dube, S Ebina, K Efron, J Ehlers, J Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, I Fedorko, WT Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Field, R Flanagan, G Flores-Castillo, LR Foland, A Forrester, S Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, JC Frisch, HJ Furic, I Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garcia, JE Sciveres, MG Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Gerberich, H Gerdes, D Giagu, S Giannetti, P Gibson, A Gibson, K Ginsburg, C Giokaris, N Giolo, K Giordani, M Giromini, P Giunta, M Giurgiu, G Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, J Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gonzalez, O Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Gresele, A Griffiths, M Grinstein, S Grosso-Pilcher, C Group, RC Grundler, U Da Costa, JG Gunay-Unalan, Z Haber, C Hahn, SR Hahn, K Halkiadakis, E Hamilton, A Han, BY Han, JY Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, M Harper, S Harr, RF Harris, RM Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Hays, C Heijboer, A Heinemann, B Heinrich, J Herndon, M Hidas, D Hill, CS Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Holloway, A Hou, S Houlden, M Hsu, SC Huffman, BT Hughes, RE Huston, J Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ishizawa, Y Ivanov, A Iyutin, B James, E Jang, D Jayatilaka, B Jeans, D Jensen, H Jeon, EJ Jindariani, S Jones, M Joo, KK Jun, SY Junk, TR Kamon, T Kang, J Karchin, PE Kato, Y Kemp, Y Kephart, R Kerzel, U Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Klute, M Knuteson, B Ko, BR Kobayashi, H Kondo, K Kong, DJ Konigsberg, J Korytov, A Kotwal, AV Kovalev, A Kraan, A Kraus, J Kravchenko, I Kreps, M Kroll, J Krumnack, N Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kuhlmann, SE Kusakabe, Y Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Lai, S Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, M Lander, RL Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lazzizzera, I LeCompte, T Lee, J Lee, J Lee, YJ Lee, SW Lefevre, R Leonardo, N Leone, S Levy, S Lewis, JD Lin, C Lin, CS Lindgren, M Lipeles, E Liss, TM Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, T Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Loverre, P Lu, RS Lucchesi, D Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lyons, L Lys, J Lysak, R Lytken, E Mack, P MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maki, T Maksimovic, P Malde, S Manca, G Margaroli, F Marginean, R Marino, C Martin, A Martin, V Martinez, M Maruyama, T Mastrandrea, P Matsunaga, H Mattson, ME Mazini, R Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Menzemer, S Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Messina, A von der Mey, M Miao, T Miladinovic, N Miles, J Miller, R Miller, JS Mills, C Milnik, M Miquel, R Mitra, A Mitselmakher, G Miyamoto, A Moggi, N Mohr, B Moore, R Morello, M Fernandez, PM Mulmenstadt, J Mukherjee, A Muller, T Mumford, R Murat, P Nachtman, J Naganoma, J Nahn, S Nakano, I Napier, A Naumov, D Necula, V Neu, C Neubauer, MS Nielsen, J Nigmanov, T Nodulman, L Norniella, O Nurse, E Ogawa, T Oh, SH Oh, YD Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Osterberg, K Pagliarone, C Palencia, E Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Paramonov, AA Parks, B Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, DE Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pinera, L Pitts, K Plager, C Pondrom, L Portell, X Poukhov, O Pounder, N Prakoshyn, F Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Pursley, J Rademacker, J Rahaman, A Rakitin, A Rappoccio, S Ratnikov, F Reisert, B Rekovic, V van Remortel, N Renton, P Rescigno, M Richter, S Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rogers, E Rolli, S Roser, R Rossi, M Rossin, R Rott, C Ruiz, A Russ, J Rusu, V Saarikko, H Sabik, S Safonov, A Sakumoto, WK Salamanna, G Salto, O Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Santi, L Sarkar, S Sartori, L Sato, K Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Scheidle, T Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Schwarz, T Scodellaro, L Scott, AL Scribano, A Scuri, F Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Sexton-Kennedy, L Sfiligoi, I Shapiro, MD Shears, T Shepard, PF Sherman, D Shimojima, M Shochet, M Shon, Y Shreyber, I Sidoti, A Sinervo, P Sisakyan, A Sjolin, J Skiba, A Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smith, JR Snider, FD Snihur, R Soderberg, M Soha, A Somalwar, S Sorin, V Spalding, J Spezziga, M Spinella, F Spreitzer, T Squillacioti, P Stanitzki, M Staveris-Polykalas, A Denis, RS Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Stentz, D Strologas, J Stuart, D Suh, JS Sukhanov, A Sumorok, K Sun, H Suzuki, T Taffard, A Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tanaka, R Tanimoto, N Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Tipton, P Tiwari, V Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tokar, S Tollefson, K Tomura, T Tonelli, D Tonnesmann, M Torre, S Torretta, D Tourneur, S Trischuk, W Tsuchiya, R Tsuno, S Turini, N Ukegawa, F Unverhau, T Uozumi, S Usynin, D Vaiciulis, A Vallecorsa, S Varganov, A Vataga, E Velev, G Veramendi, G Veszpremi, V Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Vine, T Vollrath, I Volobouev, I Volpi, G Rthwein, FW Wagner, P Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wallny, R Walter, T Wan, Z Wang, SM Warburton, A Waschke, S Waters, D Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Whiteson, D Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, G Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolfe, C Wright, T Wu, X Wynne, SM Yagil, A Yamamoto, K Yamaoka, J Yamashita, T Yang, C Yang, UK Yang, YC Yao, WM Yeh, GP Yoh, J Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, GB Yu, I Yu, SS Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zaw, I Zetti, F Zhang, X Zhou, J Zucchelli, S AF Abulencia, A. Acosta, D. Adelman, J. Affolder, T. Akimoto, T. Albrow, M. G. Ambrose, D. Amerio, S. Amidei, D. Anastassov, A. Anikeev, K. Annovi, A. Antos, J. Aoki, M. Apollinari, G. Arguin, J. -F. Arisawa, T. Artikov, A. Ashmanskas, W. Attal, A. Azfar, F. Azzi-Bacchetta, P. Azzurri, P. Bacchetta, N. Bachacou, H. Badgett, W. Barbaro-Galtieri, A. Barnes, V. E. Barnett, B. A. Baroiant, S. Bartsch, V. Bauer, G. Bedeschi, F. Behari, S. Belforte, S. Bellettini, G. Bellinger, J. Belloni, A. Ben Haim, E. Benjamin, D. Beretvas, A. Beringer, J. Berry, T. Bhatti, A. Binkley, M. Bisello, D. Blair, R. E. Blocker, C. Blumenfeld, B. Bocci, A. Bodek, A. Boisvert, V. Bolla, G. Bolshov, A. Bortoletto, D. Boudreau, J. Boveia, A. Brau, B. Bromberg, C. Brubaker, E. Budagov, J. Budd, H. S. Budd, S. Burkett, K. Busetto, G. Bussey, P. Byrum, K. L. Cabrera, S. Campanelli, M. Campbell, M. Canelli, F. Canepa, A. Carlsmith, D. Carosi, R. Carron, S. Casal, B. Casarsa, M. Castro, A. Catastini, P. Cauz, D. Cavalli-Sforza, M. Cerri, A. Cerrito, L. Chang, S. H. Chapman, J. Chen, Y. C. Chertok, M. Chiarelli, G. Chlachidze, G. Chlebana, F. Cho, I. Cho, K. Chokheli, D. Chou, J. P. Chu, P. H. Chuang, S. H. Chung, K. Chung, W. H. Chung, Y. S. Ciljak, M. Ciobanu, C. I. Ciocci, M. A. Clark, A. Clark, D. Coca, M. Compostella, G. Convery, M. E. Conway, J. Cooper, B. Copic, K. Cordelli, M. Cortiana, G. Crescioli, F. Cruz, A. Almenar, C. Cuenca Cuevas, J. Culbertson, R. Cyr, D. DaRonco, S. D'Auria, S. D'Onofrio, M. Dagenhart, D. De Barbaro, P. De Cecco, S. Deisher, A. De Lentdecker, G. Dell'Orso, M. Paoli, F. Delli Demers, S. Demortier, L. Deng, J. Deninno, M. De Pedis, D. Derwent, P. F. Di Giovanni, G. P. Di Ruzza, B. Dionisi, C. Dittmann, J. R. DiTuro, P. Dorr, C. Donati, S. Donega, M. Dong, P. Donini, J. Dorigo, T. Dube, S. Ebina, K. Efron, J. Ehlers, J. Erbacher, R. Errede, D. Errede, S. Eusebi, R. Fang, H. C. Farrington, S. Fedorko, I. Fedorko, W. T. Feild, R. G. Feindt, M. Fernandez, J. P. Field, R. Flanagan, G. 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Litvintsev, D. O. Liu, T. Lockyer, N. S. Loginov, A. Loreti, M. Loverre, P. Lu, R. -S. Lucchesi, D. Lujan, P. Lukens, P. Lungu, G. Lyons, L. Lys, J. Lysak, R. Lytken, E. Mack, P. MacQueen, D. Madrak, R. Maeshima, K. Maki, T. Maksimovic, P. Malde, S. Manca, G. Margaroli, F. Marginean, R. Marino, C. Martin, A. Martin, V. Martinez, M. Maruyama, T. Mastrandrea, P. Matsunaga, H. Mattson, M. E. Mazini, R. Mazzanti, P. McFarland, K. S. McIntyre, P. McNulty, R. Mehta, A. Menzemer, S. Menzione, A. Merkel, P. Mesropian, C. Messina, A. von der Mey, M. Miao, T. Miladinovic, N. Miles, J. Miller, R. Miller, J. S. Mills, C. Milnik, M. Miquel, R. Mitra, A. Mitselmakher, G. Miyamoto, A. Moggi, N. Mohr, B. Moore, R. Morello, M. Movilla Fernandez, P. Mulmenstadt, J. Mukherjee, A. Muller, Th. Mumford, R. Murat, P. Nachtman, J. Naganoma, J. Nahn, S. Nakano, I. Napier, A. Naumov, D. Necula, V. Neu, C. Neubauer, M. S. Nielsen, J. Nigmanov, T. Nodulman, L. Norniella, O. Nurse, E. Ogawa, T. Oh, S. H. Oh, Y. D. Okusawa, T. Oldeman, R. Orava, R. Osterberg, K. Pagliarone, C. Palencia, E. Paoletti, R. Papadimitriou, V. Paramonov, A. A. Parks, B. Pashapour, S. Patrick, J. Pauletta, G. Paulini, M. Paus, C. Pellett, D. E. Penzo, A. Phillips, T. J. Piacentino, G. Piedra, J. Pinera, L. Pitts, K. Plager, C. Pondrom, L. Portell, X. Poukhov, O. Pounder, N. Prakoshyn, F. Pronko, A. Proudfoot, J. Ptohos, F. Punzi, G. Pursley, J. Rademacker, J. Rahaman, A. Rakitin, A. Rappoccio, S. Ratnikov, F. Reisert, B. Rekovic, V. van Remortel, N. Renton, P. Rescigno, M. Richter, S. Rimondi, F. Ristori, L. Robertson, W. J. Robson, A. Rodrigo, T. Rogers, E. Rolli, S. Roser, R. Rossi, M. Rossin, R. Rott, C. Ruiz, A. Russ, J. Rusu, V. Saarikko, H. Sabik, S. Safonov, A. Sakumoto, W. K. Salamanna, G. Salto, O. Saltzberg, D. Sanchez, C. Santi, L. Sarkar, S. Sartori, L. Sato, K. Savard, P. Savoy-Navarro, A. Scheidle, T. Schlabach, P. Schmidt, E. E. Schmidt, M. P. Schmitt, M. Schwarz, T. Scodellaro, L. Scott, A. L. Scribano, A. Scuri, F. Sedov, A. Seidel, S. Seiya, Y. Semenov, A. Sexton-Kennedy, L. Sfiligoi, I. Shapiro, M. D. Shears, T. Shepard, P. F. Sherman, D. Shimojima, M. Shochet, M. Shon, Y. Shreyber, I. Sidoti, A. Sinervo, P. Sisakyan, A. Sjolin, J. Skiba, A. Slaughter, A. J. Sliwa, K. Smith, J. R. Snider, F. D. Snihur, R. Soderberg, M. Soha, A. Somalwar, S. Sorin, V. Spalding, J. Spezziga, M. Spinella, F. Spreitzer, T. Squillacioti, P. Stanitzki, M. Staveris-Polykalas, A. Denis, R. St. Stelzer, B. Stelzer-Chilton, O. Stentz, D. Strologas, J. Stuart, D. Suh, J. S. Sukhanov, A. Sumorok, K. Sun, H. Suzuki, T. Taffard, A. Takashima, R. Takeuchi, Y. Takikawa, K. Tanaka, M. Tanaka, R. Tanimoto, N. Tecchio, M. Teng, P. K. Terashi, K. Tether, S. Thom, J. Thompson, A. S. Thomson, E. Tipton, P. Tiwari, V. Tkaczyk, S. Toback, D. Tokar, S. Tollefson, K. Tomura, T. Tonelli, D. Tonnesmann, M. Torre, S. Torretta, D. Tourneur, S. Trischuk, W. Tsuchiya, R. Tsuno, S. Turini, N. Ukegawa, F. Unverhau, T. Uozumi, S. Usynin, D. Vaiciulis, A. Vallecorsa, S. Varganov, A. Vataga, E. Velev, G. Veramendi, G. Veszpremi, V. Vidal, R. Vila, I. Vilar, R. Vine, T. Vollrath, I. Volobouev, I. Volpi, G. Rthwein, F. Wu Wagner, P. Wagner, R. G. Wagner, R. L. Wagner, W. Wallny, R. Walter, T. Wan, Z. Wang, S. M. Warburton, A. Waschke, S. Waters, D. Wester, W. C., III Whitehouse, B. Whiteson, D. Wicklund, A. B. Wicklund, E. Williams, G. Williams, H. H. Wilson, P. Winer, B. L. Wittich, P. Wolbers, S. Wolfe, C. Wright, T. Wu, X. Wynne, S. M. Yagil, A. Yamamoto, K. Yamaoka, J. Yamashita, T. Yang, C. Yang, U. K. Yang, Y. C. Yao, W. M. Yeh, G. P. Yoh, J. Yorita, K. Yoshida, T. Yu, G. B. Yu, I. Yu, S. S. Yun, J. C. Zanello, L. Zanetti, A. Zaw, I. Zetti, F. Zhang, X. Zhou, J. Zucchelli, S. TI Measurement of the B-s(0)-(B)over-bar(s)(0) oscillation frequency SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CP-VIOLATION; DETECTOR; PHYSICS; SEARCH; DECAYS AB We present the first precise measurement of the B-s(0)-(B) over bar (0)(s) oscillation frequency Delta m(s). We use 1 fb(-1) of data from p (p) over bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV collected with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. The sample contains signals of 3600 fully reconstructed hadronic B-s decays and 37 000 partially reconstructed semileptonic B-s decays. We measure the probability as a function of proper decay time that the B-s decays with the same, or opposite, flavor as the flavor at production, and we find a signal consistent with B-s(0)-(B) over bar (0)(s) oscillations. The probability that random fluctuations could produce a comparable signal is 0.2%. Under the hypothesis that the signal is due to B-s(0)-(B) over bar (0)(s) oscillations, we measure Delta m(s)=17.31(-0.18)(+0.33)(stat)+/- 0.07(syst) ps(-1) and determine vertical bar V-td/V-ts vertical bar=0.208(-0.002)(+0.001)(expt)(-0.006)(+0.008)(theor). C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27705 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div High Energy Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padua Trento, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, IN2P3, CNRS,UMR 7585, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Rome 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Abulencia, A (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; unalan, zeynep/C-6660-2015; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014 OI Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; unalan, zeynep/0000-0003-2570-7611; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; NR 38 TC 122 Z9 122 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 11 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 6 AR 062003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.062003 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 072RO UT WOS:000239690900014 ER PT J AU Falus, P Narayanan, S Sandy, AR Mochrie, SGJ AF Falus, P. Narayanan, S. Sandy, A. R. Mochrie, S. G. J. TI Crossover from stretched to compressed exponential relaxations in a polymer-based sponge phase SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTON-CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMIC STRUCTURE FACTOR; SURFACTANT SOLUTIONS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; FLUID MEMBRANES; MICROEMULSIONS; L3; TRANSITION; BEHAVIOR; MODEL AB X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy was used to characterize the wave vector- and temperature-dependent dynamics of spontaneous thermal fluctuations in a sponge (L-3) phase that occurs in a blend of a symmetric poly(styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene) triblock copolymer with a polystyrene homopolymer. Measurements of the intermediate scattering function reveal a crossover from stretched- to compressed-exponential relaxations as the temperature is lowered from 180 to 120 degrees C. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Falus, P (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. NR 47 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 38 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 11 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 6 AR 066102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.066102 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 072RO UT WOS:000239690900031 PM 17026180 ER PT J AU Fluegel, B Francoeur, S Mascarenhas, A Tixier, S Young, EC Tiedje, T AF Fluegel, B. Francoeur, S. Mascarenhas, A. Tixier, S. Young, E. C. Tiedje, T. TI Giant spin-orbit bowing in GaAs1-xBix SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID III-V-SEMICONDUCTORS; BAND-GAP; GAAS AB We report a giant bowing of the spin-orbit splitting energy Delta(0) in the dilute GaAs1-xBix alloy for Bi concentrations ranging from 0% to 1.8%. This is the first observation of a large relativistic correction to the host electronic band structure induced by just a few percent of isoelectronic doping in a semiconductor material. It opens up the possibility of tailoring the spin-orbit splitting in semiconductors for spintronic applications. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Fluegel, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Francoeur, Sebastien/E-6614-2011; Young, Erin/J-5786-2013 OI Francoeur, Sebastien/0000-0002-6129-7026; NR 18 TC 222 Z9 222 U1 3 U2 45 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 11 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 6 AR 067205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.067205 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 072RO UT WOS:000239690900051 PM 17026200 ER PT J AU Negret, A Adachi, T Barrett, BR Baumer, C van den Berg, AM Berg, GPA von Brentano, P Frekers, D De Frenne, D Fujita, H Fujita, K Fujita, Y Grewe, EW Haefner, P Harakeh, MN Hatanaka, K Heyde, K Hunyadi, M Jacobs, E Kalmykov, Y Korff, A Nakanishi, K Navratil, P von Neumann-Cosel, P Popescu, L Rakers, S Richter, A Ryezayeva, N Sakemi, Y Shevchenko, A Shimbara, Y Shimizu, Y Tameshige, Y Tamii, A Uchida, M Vary, J Wortche, HJ Yosoi, M Zamick, L AF Negret, A. Adachi, T. Barrett, B. R. Baumer, C. van den Berg, A. M. Berg, G. P. A. von Brentano, P. Frekers, D. De Frenne, D. Fujita, H. Fujita, K. Fujita, Y. Grewe, E. -W. Haefner, P. Harakeh, M. N. Hatanaka, K. Heyde, K. Hunyadi, M. Jacobs, E. Kalmykov, Y. Korff, A. Nakanishi, K. Navratil, P. von Neumann-Cosel, P. Popescu, L. Rakers, S. Richter, A. Ryezayeva, N. Sakemi, Y. Shevchenko, A. Shimbara, Y. Shimizu, Y. Tameshige, Y. Tamii, A. Uchida, M. Vary, J. Wortche, H. J. Yosoi, M. Zamick, L. TI Gamow-Teller strengths in the A=14 multiplet: A challenge to the shell model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXCITED-STATES; LIGHT-NUCLEI; SPECTROMETER; EXCITATIONS; SYSTEM; SPACE; AGOR; C-14; MASS; 14N AB A new experimental approach to the famous problem of the anomalously slow Gamow-Teller (GT) transitions in the beta decay of the A=14 multiplet is presented. The GT strength distributions to excited states in C-14 and O-14 were studied in high-resolution (d,He-2) and (He-3,t) charge-exchange reactions on N-14. No-core shell-model calculations capable of reproducing the suppression of the beta decays predict a selective excitation of J(pi)=2(+) states. The experimental confirmation represents a validation of the assumptions about the underlying structure of the N-14 ground state wave function. However, the fragmentation of the GT strength over three 2(+) final states remains a fundamental issue not explained by the present no-core shell model using a 6h omega model space, suggesting possibly the need to include cluster structure in these light nuclei in a consistent way. C1 NIPNE HH, Bucharest, Romania. Univ Ghent, Vakgroep Subatom Stralingsfys, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Univ Groningen, Kernfys Versneller Inst, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands. Univ Cologne, Inst Kernphys, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. Osaka Univ, Res Ctr Nucl Phys, Osaka 5670047, Japan. Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068224, Japan. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. RP Negret, A (reprint author), NIPNE HH, Strada Atomistor,407,POB MG 6, Bucharest, Romania. RI Popescu, Lucia/F-9964-2011; van den Berg, Adriaan/P-6792-2015 OI Popescu, Lucia/0000-0003-1678-4260; NR 39 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 11 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 6 AR 062502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.062502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 072RO UT WOS:000239690900017 PM 17026166 ER PT J AU Ronning, F Hill, RW Sutherland, M Hawthorn, DG Tanatar, MA Paglione, J Taillefer, L Graf, MJ Perry, RS Maeno, Y Mackenzie, AP AF Ronning, F. Hill, R. W. Sutherland, M. Hawthorn, D. G. Tanatar, M. A. Paglione, J. Taillefer, Louis Graf, M. J. Perry, R. S. Maeno, Y. Mackenzie, A. P. TI Thermal conductivity in the vicinity of the quantum critical end point in Sr3Ru2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUALITY SINGLE-CRYSTALS; RUTHENATE SR3RU2O7; METAMAGNETISM; FLUCTUATIONS; ELECTRONS; METALS AB Thermal conductivity of Sr3Ru2O7 was measured down to 40 mK and at magnetic fields through the quantum critical end point at H-c=7.85 T. A peak in the electrical resistivity as a function of the field was mimicked by the thermal resistivity. In the limit as T -> 0 K, we find that the Wiedemann-Franz law is satisfied to within 5% at all fields, implying that there is no breakdown of the electron despite the destruction of the Fermi liquid state at quantum criticality. A significant change in disorder [from rho(0)(H=0 T)=2.1 to 0.5 mu Omega cm] does not influence our conclusions. At finite temperatures, the temperature dependence of the Lorenz number is consistent with ferromagnetic fluctuations causing the non-Fermi liquid behavior as one would expect at a metamagnetic quantum critical end point. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. RP Ronning, F (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON, Canada. RI Hawthorn, David/I-6491-2012; Mackenzie, Andrew/K-6742-2015; OI Hawthorn, David/0000-0002-7002-0416; Ronning, Filip/0000-0002-2679-7957 NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 11 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 6 AR 067005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.067005 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 072RO UT WOS:000239690900044 PM 17026193 ER PT J AU Sort, J Buchanan, KS Novosad, V Hoffmann, A Salazar-Alvarez, G Bollero, A Baro, MD Dieny, B Nogues, J AF Sort, J. Buchanan, K. S. Novosad, V. Hoffmann, A. Salazar-Alvarez, G. Bollero, A. Baro, M. D. Dieny, B. Nogues, J. TI Imprinting vortices into antiferromagnets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGE-BIAS; MAGNETIZATION REVERSAL; HYSTERESIS LOOPS; LENGTH SCALES; NANOSTRUCTURES; ANISOTROPY; SYSTEMS AB The effect of imprinting symmetric and displaced vortex structures into an antiferromagnetic material is investigated in micron-sized disks consisting of exchange coupled ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic bilayers. The imprint of displaced vortices manifests itself by the occurrence of a new type of asymmetric hysteresis loops characterized by curved, reversible, central sections with nonzero remanent magnetization. Such an imprint is achieved by cooling the disks through the blocking temperature of the system in small fields. Micromagnetic simulations reveal that asymmetric vortexlike loops naturally result from the competition between the different energies involved in the system. C1 Univ Autonoma Barcelona, ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Fis, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Fis, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. CEA, CNRS, URA 2512, SPINTEC, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. RP Sort, J (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Barcelona, ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. EM jordi.sort@uab.es; buchanan@anl.gov RI Salazar-Alvarez, German/A-4802-2009; Baro, Maria Dolors/A-2096-2009; Nogues, Josep/D-7791-2012; Hoffmann, Axel/A-8152-2009; Novosad, Valentyn/C-2018-2014; Sort, Jordi/F-6582-2014; Novosad, V /J-4843-2015; OI Salazar-Alvarez, German/0000-0002-0671-435X; Baro, Maria Dolors/0000-0002-8636-1063; Nogues, Josep/0000-0003-4616-1371; Hoffmann, Axel/0000-0002-1808-2767; Sort, Jordi/0000-0003-1213-3639; Buchanan, Kristen/0000-0003-0879-0038 NR 33 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 11 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 6 AR 067201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.067201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 072RO UT WOS:000239690900047 PM 17026196 ER PT J AU Dawson, KS Holzapfel, WL Carlstrom, JE Joy, M LaRoque, SJ AF Dawson, K. S. Holzapfel, W. L. Carlstrom, J. E. Joy, M. LaRoque, S. J. TI Final results from the BIMA CMB anisotropy survey and search for a signature of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic microwave background; cosmology : observations; galaxies : clusters : general ID MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPY; ANGULAR POWER SPECTRUM; COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; GALAXY CLUSTERS; PROBE; ACBAR; ARRAY AB We report the final results of our study of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) with the BIMA array. Over 1000 hr of observation were dedicated to this project exploring CMB anisotropy, on scales between 10 and 20 in eighteen 6'.6 FWHM fields. In the analysis of the CMB power spectrum, the visibility data are divided into two bins, corresponding to different angular scales. Modeling the observed excess power as a flat band of average multipole l(eff) = 5237, we find Delta T-1(2) = 220(-120)(+140) mu K-2 at 68% confidence and Delta T-1(2) > 0 mu K-2 with 94.7% confidence. In a second band, with average multipole of l(eff) = 8748, we find Delta T-2(2) consistent with zero and an upper limit of 880 mu K-2 at 95% confidence. An extensive series of tests and supplemental observations with the VLA provide strong evidence against systematic errors or radio point sources being the source of the observed excess power. The dominant source of anisotropy on these scales is expected to be the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect in a population of distant galaxy clusters. If the excess power is due to the SZ effect, we can place constraints on the normalization of the matter power spectrum sigma(8) = 1.03(-0.29)(+0.20) at 68% confidence. The distribution of pixel fluxes in the BIMA images is found to be consistent with simulated observations of the expected SZ background and rules out instrumental noise or radio sources as the source of the observed excess power, with confidence similar to the detection of excess power. Follow-up optical observations to search for galaxy overdensities anticorrelated with flux in the BIMA images, as might be expected from the SZ effect, proved to be inconclusive. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Dept Space Sci, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Dawson, KS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015 NR 21 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 1 BP 13 EP 24 DI 10.1086/505172 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072BO UT WOS:000239647800003 ER PT J AU Dopita, MA Fischera, J Sutherland, RS Kewley, LJ Tuffs, RJ Popescu, CC van Breugel, W Groves, BA Leitherer, C AF Dopita, Michael A. Fischera, Jorg Sutherland, Ralph S. Kewley, Lisa J. Tuffs, Richard J. Popescu, Cristina C. van Breugel, Wil Groves, Brent A. Leitherer, Claus TI Modeling the pan-spectral energy distribution of starburst galaxies. II. Control of the H II region parameters SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : abundances; galaxies : general; galaxies : starburst; H-II regions; stars : formation ID INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; LYMAN CONTINUUM EXTINCTION; DIFFUSE IONIZED MEDIUM; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; FORMATION RATES; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; STELLAR OBJECTS AB We examine, from a theoretical viewpoint, how the physical parameters of H II regions are controlled in both normal galaxies and in starburst environments. These parameters are the H II region luminosity function, the time-dependent size, the covering fraction of molecular clouds, the pressure in the ionized gas, and the ionization parameter. The factors that control them are the initial mass function (IMF) of the exciting stars, the cluster mass function, the metallicity, and the mean pressure in the surrounding interstellar medium. We investigate the sensitivity of the H alpha luminosity to the IMF, and find that this can translate to more than a factor 2 variation in derived star formation rates. The molecular cloud dissipation timescale is estimated from a case study of M17 to be similar to 1 Myr for this object. Based on H II luminosity function fitting for nearby galaxies, we suggest that the H II region clustermass function is fitted by a lognormal form peaking at similar to 100 M-circle dot. The cluster mass function continues the stellar IMF to a higher mass regime. The pressure in the H II regions is controlled by the mechanical luminosity flux from the central cluster. Since this is closely related to the ionizing photon flux, we show that the ionization parameter is not a free variable, and that the diffuse ionized medium may be composed of many large, faint, and old H II regions. Finally, we derive theoretical probability distributions for the ionization parameter as a function of metallicity and compare these to those derived for SDSS galaxies. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Dopita, MA (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Cotter Rd, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. EM michael.dopita@anu.edu.au RI Dopita, Michael/P-5413-2014 OI Dopita, Michael/0000-0003-0922-4986 NR 68 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 1 BP 244 EP 255 DI 10.1086/505418 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072BO UT WOS:000239647800020 ER PT J AU Levan, A Fruchter, A Rhoads, J Mobasher, B Tanvir, N Gorosabel, J Rol, E Kouveliotou, C Dell'Antonio, I Merrill, M Bergeron, E Ceron, JM Masetti, N Vreeswijk, P Antonelli, A Bersier, D Castro-Tirado, A Fynbo, J Garnavich, P Holland, S Hjorth, J Nugent, P Pian, E Smette, A Thomsen, B Thorsett, SE Wijers, R AF Levan, Andrew Fruchter, Andrew Rhoads, James Mobasher, Bahram Tanvir, Nial Gorosabel, Javier Rol, Evert Kouveliotou, Chryssa Dell'Antonio, Ian Merrill, Michael Bergeron, Eddie Castro Ceron, Jose Maria Masetti, Nicola Vreeswijk, Paul Antonelli, Angelo Bersier, David Castro-Tirado, Alberto Fynbo, Johan Garnavich, Peter Holland, Stephen Hjorth, Jens Nugent, Peter Pian, Elena Smette, Alain Thomsen, Bjarne Thorsett, Stephen E. Wijers, Ralph TI Infrared and optical observations of GRB 030115 and its extremely red host galaxy: Implications for dark bursts SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : high-redshift; gamma rays : bursts ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; X-RAY; STARBURST GALAXIES; DUST EXTINCTION; BAND AFTERGLOW; STAR-FORMATION; BRIGHT; SUBMILLIMETER; SUPERNOVA AB We present near-infrared (NIR) and optical observations of the afterglow of GRB 030115. Discovered in an infrared search at Kitt Peak 5 hr after the burst trigger, this afterglow is the faintest ever observed in the R band at such an early epoch and exhibits very red colors, with R - K approximate to 6. The optical magnitude of the afterglow of GRB 030115 is fainter than many upper limits for other bursts, suggesting that without early NIR observations it would have been classified as a "dark'' burst. Both the color and optical magnitude of the afterglow are likely due to dust extinction at moderate redshift z > 2 and indicate that at least some optical afterglows are very faint due to dust along the line of sight. Multicolor Hubble Space Telescope observations were also taken of the host galaxy and the surrounding field. Photometric redshifts imply that the host and a substantial number of faint galaxies in the field are at z similar to 2.5. The overdensity of galaxies is sufficiently great that GRB 030115 may have occurred in a rich high-redshift cluster. The host galaxy shows extremely red colors (R - K = 5) and is the first GRB host to be classified as an extremely red object (ERO). Some of the galaxies surrounding the host also show very red colors, while the majority of the cluster are much bluer, indicating ongoing unobscured star formation. As it is thought that much of high-redshift star formation occurs in highly obscured environments, it may well be that GRB 030115 represents a transition object, between the relatively unobscured afterglows seen to date and a population of objects that are very heavily extinguished, even in the NIR. C1 Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. CSIC, IAA, E-18080 Granada, Spain. Univ Amsterdam, Inst Astron, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. NASA, MSFC, NSSTC, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, Sez Bologna, CNR, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. Osserv Astron Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Astron Observ, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Osserv Astron Trieste, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, B-4000 Cointe Ougree, Belgium. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Levan, A (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. RI Hjorth, Jens/M-5787-2014; OI Hjorth, Jens/0000-0002-4571-2306; Castro-Tirado, A. J./0000-0003-2999-3563; Masetti, Nicola/0000-0001-9487-7740; Pian, Elena/0000-0001-8646-4858 NR 81 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 1 BP 471 EP 482 DI 10.1086/503595 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072BO UT WOS:000239647800040 ER PT J AU Bongard, S Baron, E Smadja, G Branch, D Hauschildt, PH AF Bongard, Sebastien Baron, E. Smadja, G. Branch, David Hauschildt, Peter H. TI Type Ia supernova spectral line ratios as luminosity indicators SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dark matter; stars : atmospheres; supernovae : general ID INFRARED-SPECTRA; MAXIMUM LIGHT; DECLINE RATE; SN 1999BY; CONSTANT; MODELS AB Type Ia supernovae have played a crucial role in the discovery of the dark energy, via the measurement of their light curves and the determination of the peak brightness via fitting templates to the observed light-curve shape. Two spectroscopic indicators are also known to be well correlated with peak luminosity. Since the spectroscopic luminosity indicators are obtained directly from observed spectra, they will have different systematic errors than do measurements using photometry. In addition, these spectroscopic indicators may be useful for studies of effects of evolution or age of the SNe Ia progenitor population. We present several new variants of such spectroscopic indicators that are easy to automate and that minimize the effects of noise. We show that these spectroscopic indicators can be measured by proposed JDEM missions such as SNAP and JEDI. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Lyon 1, Inst Phys Nucl, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hamburger Sternwarte, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. RP Bongard, S (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, MS 50R-5008,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sbongard@lbl.gov; baron@nhn.ou.edu; smadja@in2p3.fr; yeti@hs.uni-hamburg.de RI Baron, Edward/A-9041-2009 OI Baron, Edward/0000-0001-5393-1608 NR 32 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 1 BP 513 EP 524 DI 10.1086/505322 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072BO UT WOS:000239647800043 ER PT J AU Saumon, D Marley, MS Cushing, MC Leggett, SK Roellig, TL Lodders, K Freedman, RS AF Saumon, D. Marley, M. S. Cushing, M. C. Leggett, S. K. Roellig, T. L. Lodders, K. Freedman, R. S. TI Ammonia as a tracer of chemical equilibrium in the T7.5 dwarf gliese 570D SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : abundances; stars : atmospheres; stars : individual (Gliese 570D); stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs ID LOW-MASS STARS; T-DWARFS; BROWN DWARFS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; GIANT PLANETS; DEEP ATMOSPHERE; SOLAR-SYSTEM; ABUNDANCES; CHEMISTRY; 229B AB We present the first analysis of an optical to mid-infrared spectrum of the T7.5 dwarf Gliese 570D with model atmospheres, synthetic spectra, and brown dwarf evolution sequences. We obtain precise values for the basic parameters of G1 570D: T-eff = 800-820 K, log g (cm s(-2)) 5.09-5.23, and log (L/L-circle dot) = -5.525 to -5.551. The Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) spectrum shows prominent features of ammonia (NH3) that can only be fitted by reducing the abundance of NH3 by about 1 order of magnitude from the value obtained with chemical-equilibrium models. We model departures from chemical equilibrium in the atmosphere of Gl 570D by considering the kinetics of nitrogen and carbon chemistry in the presence of vertical mixing. The resulting model spectrum reproduces the data very well. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Joint Astron Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Saumon, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS P365, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dsaumon@lanl.gov; mark.s.marley@nasa.gov; mcushing@as.arizona.edu; s.leggett@jach.hawaii.edu; thomas.l.roellig@nasa.gov; lodders@levee.wustl.edu; freedman@darkstar.arc.nasa.gov OI Leggett, Sandy/0000-0002-3681-2989 NR 48 TC 110 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 1 BP 552 EP 557 DI 10.1086/505419 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072BO UT WOS:000239647800046 ER PT J AU Marois, C Lafreniere, D Macintosh, B Doyon, R AF Marois, Christian Lafreniere, David Macintosh, Bruce Doyon, Rene TI Accurate astrometry and photometry of saturated and coronagraphic point spread functions SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE instrumentation : adaptive optics; planetary systems; stars : imaging ID ATMOSPHERIC DIFFERENTIAL REFRACTION; ADAPTIVE OPTICS; SPECKLE NOISE; REMNANT SPECKLES; COMPANIONS; IMAGER; SYSTEM AB Accurate astrometry and photometry of saturated and coronagraphic point-spread functions (PSFs) are fundamental to both ground- and space-based high-contrast imaging projects. For ground-based adaptive optics (AO) imaging, differential atmospheric refraction and flexure introduce a small drift of the PSF with time, and seeing and sky transmission variations modify the PSF flux distribution. For space-based imaging, vibrations, thermal fluctuations, and pointing jitters can modify the PSF core position and flux. These effects need to be corrected to properly combine the images and obtain optimal signal-to-noise ratios, accurate relative astrometry, and photometry of detected objects, as well as precise detection limits. Usually, one can easily correct for these effects by using the PSF core, but this is impossible when high dynamic range observing techniques are used, such as coronagraphy with a nontransmissive occulting mask or if the stellar PSF core is saturated. We present a new technique that can solve these issues by using off-axis satellite PSFs produced by a periodic amplitude or phase mask conjugated to a pupil plane. We show that these satellite PSFs track precisely the PSF position, its Strehl ratio, and its intensity, and can thus be used to register and to flux-normalize the PSF. A laboratory experiment is also presented to validate the theory. This approach can be easily implemented in existing AO instruments and should be considered for future extreme AO coronagraph instruments and in high-contrast imaging space observatories. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Univ Montreal, Observ Mont Megant, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. RP Marois, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, L-413,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 25 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 1 BP 612 EP 619 DI 10.1086/505191 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072BO UT WOS:000239647800053 ER PT J AU Lee, J Gary, DE Choe, GS AF Lee, Jeongwoo Gary, Dale E. Choe, G. S. TI Magnetic energy release during the 2002 September 9 solar flare SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : flares; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : particle emission ID RECONNECTING CURRENT SHEETS; ELECTRONS; ACCELERATION; EMISSION; MOTIONS; RHESSI; LOOPS; FLUX AB We study the magnetic energy release during the 2002 September 9 flare using the high-cadence (40 ms) H alpha filtergram at Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO), along with hard X-ray and microwave data from the Reuven Ramaty High-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) and the Owens Valley Solar Array (OVSA), respectively. We take the Poynting vector approach with the standard two-dimensional geometry of the reconnecting current sheet (RCS) but suggest a new technique to infer the area of the RCS, in order to complete the magnetic energy calculation entirely with observed quantities. We found five peaks of impulsive magnetic energy release, concentrated within 10-30 s periods, that are episodic with the peaks of the hard X-ray light curve. The maximum amount of energy released per peak reaches similar to 2.6 x 10(30) ergs s(-1), and the electron energy deposition rate derived from the RHESSI spectra falls into the range of 10%-80% of the magnetic energy release rate. We briefly discuss this result in comparison with other studies thus far made toward understanding of the magnetic reconnection in solar flares and suggest the pulsating current sheet model as the most plausible interpretation of our result. C1 New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Lee, J (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, 161 Warren St, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RI Choe, Gwangson/E-2366-2013; OI Gary, Dale/0000-0003-2520-8396 NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 1 BP 638 EP 647 DI 10.1086/505416 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072BO UT WOS:000239647800056 ER PT J AU Kamae, T Karlsson, N Mizuno, T Abe, T Koi, T AF Kamae, Tuneyoshi Karlsson, Niklas Mizuno, Tsunefumi Abe, Toshinori Koi, Tatsumi TI Parameterization of gamma, e(+/-), and neutrino spectra produced by p-p interaction in astronomical environments SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; galaxies : jets; gamma rays : theory; ISM : general; neutrinos; supernovae : general ID COSMIC-RAY ELECTRONS; SUPERNOVA REMNANT; BLAZAR MODEL; PION-DECAY; RADIATION; EMISSION; GALAXY; SHELL; EGRET; RX-J1713.7-3946 AB We present the yield and spectra of stable secondary particles (gamma, e(+/-), nu(e), (nu) over bar (e), nu(mu), and (nu) over bar (mu)) of p-p interaction in parameterized formulae to facilitate calculations involving them in astronomical environments. The formulae are derived from the up-to-date p-p interaction model by Kamae et al. (2005), which incorporates the logarithmically rising inelastic cross section, the diffraction dissociation process, and the Feynman scaling violation. To improve fidelity to experimental data in lower energies, two baryon resonance contributions have been added: one representing Delta(1232) and the other representing multiple resonances around 1600 MeV/c(-2). The parameterized formulae predict that all secondary particle spectra be harder by about 0.05 in power-law indices than that of the incident proton and their inclusive cross sections be larger than those predicted by p-p interaction models based on the Feynman scaling. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kamae, T (reprint author), Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys, Higashihiroshima 7398511, Japan. EM kamae@slac.stanford.edu NR 52 TC 199 Z9 200 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 1 BP 692 EP 708 DI 10.1086/505189 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072BO UT WOS:000239647800062 ER PT J AU Chen, MC Dawson, S Krupovnickas, T AF Chen, Mu-Chun Dawson, Sally Krupovnickas, Tadas TI Constraining new models with precision electroweak data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE beyond standard model; Higgs physics ID LEFT-RIGHT SYMMETRY; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; CP-VIOLATION; STANDARD-MODEL; RHO-PARAMETER; SO(10) MODELS; HIGGS SECTOR; MASS; PHYSICS; TRIPLET AB Electroweak precision data have been extensively used to constrain models containing physics beyond that of the Standard Model (SM). When the model contains Higgs scalars in representations other than singlets or doublets, and hence rho not equal 1 at tree-level, a correct renormalization scheme requires more inputs than the three commonly used for the SM case. In such cases, the one-loop electroweak results cannot be split into a SM contribution plus a piece which vanishes as the scale of new physics becomes much larger than M-W. We illustrate our results by presenting the dependence of MW on the top-quark mass in a model with a Higgs triplet and in the SU(2)(L) x SU(2)(R) left-right symmetric model. In these models, the allowed range for the lightest neutral Higgs mass can be as large as a few TeV. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, High Energy Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chen, MC (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM mcchen@fnal.gov; dawson@quark.phy.bnl.gov; tadas@quark.phy.bnl.gov OI Chen, Mu-Chun/0000-0002-5749-2566 NR 51 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X EI 1793-656X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD AUG 10 PY 2006 VL 21 IS 19-20 BP 4045 EP 4070 DI 10.1142/S0217751X0603388X PG 26 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 081MX UT WOS:000240322800008 ER PT J AU Zhang, SJ Han, QY Liu, ZK AF Zhang, Shengjun Han, Qingyou Liu, Zi-Kui TI Thermodynamic modeling of the Al-Mg-Na system SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE thermodynamics; CALPHAD; Al-Mg alloys; Al-Mg-Na ID CAF2 SOLID-ELECTROLYTE; LIQUID ALUMINUM; SODIUM ACTIVITY; ALLOYS; MAGNESIUM; SOLUBILITY; NAF-ALF3 AB Sodium is an undesired impurity element in aluminum-magnesium alloys. In the present work, the binary Al-Na and Mg-Na systems were modeled by computational thermodynamics using the CALPHAD approach. Self-consistent thermodynamic parameters of the binary systems were obtained. Combined with the Al-Mg modeling in the literature, the phase equilibria of the ternary system were calculated using Thermo-Calc software. Isothermal and isopleth sections of the ternary system as well as the liquidus projection were presented. The present work contributes to the thermodynamic database developments and the study of the impurity effects on processing of aluminum and magnesium alloy systems. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Zhang, SJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zhangs@ornl.gov RI Liu, Zi-Kui/A-8196-2009 OI Liu, Zi-Kui/0000-0003-3346-3696 NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD AUG 10 PY 2006 VL 419 IS 1-2 BP 91 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2005.10.002 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 063BV UT WOS:000238991900018 ER PT J AU Gatti-Bono, C Colella, P AF Gatti-Bono, C Colella, P TI An anelastic allspeed projection method for gravitationally stratified flows SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE non-hydrostatic atmospheric model; embedded-boundary method; projection method; gravity waves ID NORMAL MODE INITIALIZATION; EMBEDDED BOUNDARY METHOD; GRID-POINT MODEL; MOUNTAIN WAVES; DOWNSLOPE WINDSTORMS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; ATMOSPHERIC FLOWS; LINEAR ASPECTS; APPROXIMATION; COORDINATE AB This paper looks at gravitationally stratified atmospheric flows at low Mach and Fronde numbers and proposes a new algorithm to solve the compressible Euler equations, in which the asymptotic limits are recovered numerically and the boundary conditions for block-structured local refinement methods are well-posed. The model is non-hydrostatic and the numerical algorithm uses a splitting to separate the fast acoustic dynamics from the slower anelastic dynamics. The acoustic waves are treated implicitly while the anelastic dynamics is treated semi-implicitly and an embedded-boundary method is used to represent orography. We present an example that verifies our asymptotic analysis and a set of results that compares very well with the classical gravity wave results presented by Durran. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gatti-Bono, C (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cbono@llnl.gov; pcolella@lbl.gov NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD AUG 10 PY 2006 VL 216 IS 2 BP 589 EP 615 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2005.12.017 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 057HG UT WOS:000238586300008 ER PT J AU Henshaw, WD Schwendeman, DW AF Henshaw, WD Schwendeman, DW TI Moving overlapping grids with adaptive mesh refinement for high-speed reactive and non-reactive flow SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; COMPLEX; BODIES; 3D AB We consider the solution of the reactive and non-reactive Euler equations on two-dimensional domains that evolve in time. The domains are discretized using moving overlapping grids. In a typical grid construction, boundary-fitted grids are used to represent moving boundaries, and these grids overlap with stationary background Cartesian grids. Block-structured adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) is used to resolve fine-scale features in the flow such as shocks and detonations. Refinement grids are added to base-level grids according to an estimate of the error, and these refinement grids move with their corresponding base-level grids. The numerical approximation of the governing equations takes place in the parameter space of each component grid which is defined by a mapping from (fixed) parameter space to (moving) physical space. The mapped equations are solved numerically using a second-order extension of Godunov's method. The stiff source term in the reactive case is handled using a Runge-Kutta error-control scheme. We consider cases when the boundaries move according to a prescribed function of time and when the boundaries of embedded bodies move according to the surface stress exerted by the fluid. In the latter case, the Newton-Euler equations describe the motion of the center of mass of the each body and the rotation about it, and these equations are integrated numerically using a second-order predictor-corrector scheme. Numerical boundary conditions at slip walls are described, and numerical results are presented for both reactive and non-reactive flows that demonstrate the use and accuracy of the numerical approach. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Math Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Henshaw, WD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM henshaw1@llnl.gov; schwed@rpi.edu NR 51 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD AUG 10 PY 2006 VL 216 IS 2 BP 744 EP 779 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2006.01.005 PG 36 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 057HG UT WOS:000238586300015 ER PT J AU Liang, LY Moline, GR Kamolpornwijit, W West, OR AF Liang, Liyuan Moline, Gerilynn R. Kamolpornwijit, Wiwat West, Olivia R. TI Influence of hydrogeochemical processes on zero-valent iron reactive barrier performance: A field investigation (vol 78, pg 291, 2005) SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Cardiff Wales, Sch Engn, Cardiff CF24 0YF, Wales. RP Liang, LY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM liang@cardiff.ac.uk RI Liang, Liyuan/O-7213-2014 OI Liang, Liyuan/0000-0003-1338-0324 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD AUG 10 PY 2006 VL 86 IS 3-4 BP 321 EP 321 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.03.003 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 072ZB UT WOS:000239710700009 ER PT J AU Redington, RL Redington, TE Sams, RL AF Redington, Richard L. Redington, Theresa E. Sams, Robert L. TI Quantum tunneling in the midrange vibrational fundamentals of tropolone SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID JET-COOLED TROPOLONE; HYDROGEN-ATOM TRANSFER; PROTON-TRANSFER; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-SPECTRA; GROUND-STATE; SEMICLASSICAL CALCULATIONS; ROTATION INTERACTION; AROMATIC-MOLECULES; INSTANTON APPROACH AB The Fourier transform infrared spectrum of tropolone( OH) vapor in the 1175-1700 cm(-1) region is reported at 0.0025 and 0.10 cm(-1) spectral resolutions. The 12 vibrational fundamentals in this region of rapidly rising vibrational state density are dominated by mixtures of the CC, CO, CCH, and COH internal coordinates. Estimates based on the measurement of sharp Q branch peaks are reported for 11 of the spectral doublet component separations DSv = vertical bar Delta(v) +/- Delta(0)vertical bar . Delta(0) = 0.974 cm(-1) is the known zero- point splitting, and three a(1) modes show tunneling splittings Delta(v) approximate to Delta(0), four b(2) modes show splittings Delta(v) approximate to 0.90 Delta(0), and the remaining four modes show splittings Delta(v) falling 5-14% from Delta(0). Significantly, the splitting for the nominal COH bending mode v(8) (a(1)) is small, that is, 10% from Delta(0). Many of the vibrational excited states demonstrate strong anharmonic behavior, but there are only mild perturbations on the tautomerization mechanism driving Delta(0). The data suggest, especially for the higher frequency a(1) fundamentals, the onset of selective intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution processes that are fast on the time scale of the tautomerization process. These appear to delocalize and smooth out the topographical modifications of the zero- point potential energy surface that are anticipated to follow absorption of the v(v) photon. Further, the spectra show the propensity for the Delta(v) splittings of b(2) and other complex vibrations to be damped relative to Delta(0). C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Redington, RL (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. NR 69 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD AUG 10 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 31 BP 9633 EP 9642 DI 10.1021/jp062068s PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 069RO UT WOS:000239466100014 PM 16884197 ER PT J AU Wander, MCF Kerisit, S Rosso, KM Schoonen, MAA AF Wander, Matthew C. F. Kerisit, Sebastien Rosso, Kevin M. Schoonen, Martin A. A. TI Kinetics of triscarbonato uranyl reduction by aqueous ferrous iron: A theoretical study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; SELF-INTERACTION ERROR; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; AB-INITIO; SYNCHRONOUS-TRANSIT; BASIS-SET; HEMATITE ALPHA-FE2O3; EXACT EXCHANGE; METAL-IONS AB Uranium is a pollutant whose mobility is strongly dependent on its oxidation state. While U(VI) in the form of the uranyl cation is readily reduced by a range of natural reductants, by contrast complexation of uranyl by carbonate greatly reduces its reduction potential and imposes increased electron transfer (ET) distances. Very little is known about the elementary processes involved in uranium reduction from U(VI) to U(V) to U(IV) in general. In this study, we examine the theoretical kinetics of ET from ferrous iron to triscarbonato uranyl in aqueous solution. A combination of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and density functional theory (DFT) electronic structure calculations is employed to compute the parameters that enter into Marcus' ET model, including the thermodynamic driving forces, reorganization energies, and electronic coupling matrix elements. MD simulations predict that two ferrous iron atoms will bind in an inner-sphere fashion to the three-membered carbonate ring of triscarbonato uranyl, forming the charge-neutral ternary Fe2UO2(CO3)(3)(H2O)(8) complex. Through a sequential proton-coupled electron-transfer mechanism (PCET), the first ET step converting U(VI) to U(V) is predicted by DFT to occur with an electronic barrier that corresponds to a rate on the order of similar to 1 s(-1). The second ET step converting U(V) to U(IV) is predicted to be significantly endergonic. Therefore, U(V) is a stabilized end product in this ET system, in agreement with experiment. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Ctr Environm & Mol Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wander, MCF (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RI Schoonen, martin/E-7703-2011 OI Schoonen, martin/0000-0002-7133-1160 NR 93 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD AUG 10 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 31 BP 9691 EP 9701 DI 10.1021/jp062325t PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 069RO UT WOS:000239466100018 PM 16884201 ER PT J AU Sapra, S Nanda, J Pietryga, JM Hollingsworth, JA Sarma, DD AF Sapra, Sameer Nanda, J. Pietryga, Jeffrey M. Hollingsworth, Jennifer A. Sarma, D. D. TI Unraveling internal structures of highly luminescent PbSe nanocrystallites using variable-energy synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM DOTS; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; SURFACE MODIFICATION; ZNO NANOPARTICLES; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; GROWTH-KINETICS; NMR AB The internal structure of PbSe nanocrystals was deduced using synchrotron X-ray photoemission spectroscopy for three different sizes of nanocrystals. The photoemission data revealed the layered structure of PbSe nanocrystals with the crystalline PbSe core surrounded by a nonstoichiometric Pb1-xSe shell, finally passivated by a capping agent in the outermost layer. A detailed analysis of the experimental data yielded quantitative information on the thickness of three different layers, which is unavailable through any other technique; moreover, the overall sizes of the nanocrystals probed by transmission electron microscopy were in agreement with the corresponding quantity obtained in the present experiment. The present results provide a plausible explanation for the strong variation in the photoluminescence intensity with size observed for these nanocrystals. C1 Indian Inst Sci, Solid State & Struct Chem Unit, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. Los Alamos Natl Lab, C PCS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sarma, DD (reprint author), Indian Inst Sci, Solid State & Struct Chem Unit, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. EM sarma@sscu.iisc.ernet.in RI Sarma, D. D./B-2576-2010; Sapra, Sameer/I-3551-2012; OI Sarma, D. D./0000-0001-6433-1069; Sapra, Sameer/0000-0002-1778-2884 NR 35 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 10 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 31 BP 15244 EP 15250 DI 10.1021/jp061885p PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 069QM UT WOS:000239463300030 PM 16884241 ER PT J AU McKnight, TE Melechko, AV Fletcher, BL Jones, SW Hensley, DK Peckys, DB Griffin, GD Simpson, ML Ericson, MN AF McKnight, Timothy E. Melechko, Anatoli V. Fletcher, Benjamin L. Jones, Stephen W. Hensley, Dale K. Peckys, Diana B. Griffin, Guy D. Simpson, Michael L. Ericson, M. Nance TI Resident neuroelectrochemical interfacing using carbon nanofiber arrays SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR; LARGE-SCALE SYNTHESIS; PC12 CELLS; VESICLE RELEASE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; EXOCYTOSIS; CHROMAFFIN; ELECTRODES; SEPARATION; SEROTONIN AB Carbon nanofiber electrode architectures are used to provide for long-term, neuroelectroanalytical measurements of the dynamic processes of intercellular communication between excitable cells. Individually addressed, vertically aligned carbon nanofibers are incorporated into multielement electrode arrays upon which excitable cell matrixes of both neuronal-like derived cell lines ( rat pheochromocytoma, PC-12) and primary cells ( dissociated cells from embryonic rat hippocampus) are cultured over extended periods ( days to weeks). Electrode arrays are characterized with respect to their response to easily oxidized neurotransmitters, including dopamine, norepinephrine, and 5-hydroxytyramide. Electroanalysis at discrete electrodes following long-term cell culture demonstrates that this platform remains responsive for the detection of easily oxidized species generated by the cultured cells. Preliminary data also suggests that quantal release of easily oxidized transmitters can be observed at nanofiber electrodes following direct culture and differentiation on the arrays for periods of at least 16 days. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Monolith Syst Dev Grp, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Adv Biomed Sci & Technol Grp, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP McKnight, TE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Monolith Syst Dev Grp, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mcknightte@ornl.gov RI Hensley, Dale/A-6282-2016; Melechko, Anatoli/B-8820-2008; Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011; McKnight, Tim/H-3087-2011; Peckys, Diana/B-4642-2015; Ericson, Milton/H-9880-2016 OI Hensley, Dale/0000-0001-8763-7765; Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457; McKnight, Tim/0000-0003-4326-9117; Ericson, Milton/0000-0002-6628-4865 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [1-R01EB000433-01] NR 32 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 10 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 31 BP 15317 EP 15327 DI 10.1021/jp056467j PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 069QM UT WOS:000239463300040 PM 16884251 ER PT J AU Smith, DMA Rosso, KM Dupuis, M Valiev, M Straatsma, TP AF Smith, Dayle M. A. Rosso, Kevin M. Dupuis, Michel Valiev, Marat Straatsma, T. P. TI Electronic coupling between heme electron-transfer centers and its decay with distance depends strongly on relative orientation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; MOSSBAUER QUADRUPOLE SPLITTINGS; OXIDATION-REDUCTION; REDOX COUPLES; MODEL SYSTEMS; CYTOCHROME-C; PROTEINS; NMR; METALLOPORPHYRINS; PORPHYRINS AB A method for calculating the electron-transfer matrix element V-RP using density functional theory KohnSham orbitals is presented and applied to heme dimers of varying relative orientation. The electronic coupling decays with increased iron separation according to V-RP = V-RP(0) exp(-Br/2) with a distance dependence parameter beta approximate to 2 angstrom(-1) for hemes with parallel porphyrins and either 1.1 or 4.0 angstrom(-1) when the porphyrin planes are perpendicular, depending on the alignment of the iron d(pi) orbital. These findings are used to interpret the observed orientation of the hemes in tetraheme redox proteins such as Flavocytochrome c(3) fumarate reductase (Ifc(3), PDB code 1QJD) of Shewanella frigidimarina, another flavocytochrome from the same bacterium (Fcc(3), 1E39) and a small tetraheme cytochrome of Shewanella oneidensis strain MR1 (1M1P). Our results show that shifting and rotating the hemes controls the adiabaticity of the three electron hopping steps. C1 Whitman Coll, Dept Phys, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Mol Sci Software Grp, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, DMA (reprint author), Whitman Coll, Dept Phys, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. EM smithdm@whitman.edu NR 40 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 10 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 31 BP 15582 EP 15588 DI 10.1021/jp057068r PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 069QM UT WOS:000239463300071 PM 16884282 ER PT J AU Martin, MG Frischknecht, AL AF Martin, Marcus G. Frischknecht, Amalie L. TI Using arbitrary trial distributions to improve intramolecular sampling in configurational-bias Monte Carlo SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIA; UNITED-ATOM DESCRIPTION; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; BRANCHED ALKANES; FORCE-FIELD; ALL-ATOM; CHAIN MOLECULES; GIBBS ENSEMBLE; TRANSFERABLE POTENTIALS; COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS AB A new formulation of configurational-bias Monte Carlo that uses arbitrary distributions to generate trial bond lengths, angles and dihedrals is described and shown to provide similar acceptance rates with substantially less computational effort. Several different trial distributions are studied and a linear combination of the ideal distribution plus Gaussian distributions automatically fit to the energetic and ideal terms is found to give the best results. The use of these arbitrary trial distributions enables a new formulation of coupled - decoupled configurational bias Monte Carlo that has significantly higher acceptance rates for cyclic molecules. The chemical potential measured via a modified Widom insertion is found to be ill-defined in the case of a molecule that has flexible bond lengths due to the unbounded probability distribution that describes the distance between any two atoms. We propose a simple standard state that allows the computation of consistent chemical potentials for molecules with flexible bonds. We show that the chemical potential via Widom insertion is not computed properly for molecules with Coulombic interactions when the number of trials for any of the nonbonded selection steps is greater than one. Finally, we demonstrate the power of the new algorithms by sampling the side-chain conformations of a polypeptide. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Martin, MG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-1110, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM marcus_martin@users.sourceforge.net RI Frischknecht, Amalie/N-1020-2014 OI Frischknecht, Amalie/0000-0003-2112-2587 NR 51 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD AUG 10 PY 2006 VL 104 IS 15 BP 2439 EP 2456 DI 10.1080/00268970600751078 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 078MW UT WOS:000240108900004 ER PT J AU Attwood, D AF Attwood, David TI Microscopy - Nanotomography comes of age SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID INTERFERENCE CONTRAST MICROSCOPY; X-RAY TOMOGRAPHY; RESOLUTION; CELLS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Attwood, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM attwood@berkeley.edu NR 11 TC 42 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 17 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 10 PY 2006 VL 442 IS 7103 BP 642 EP 643 DI 10.1038/442642b PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 071UU UT WOS:000239630200034 PM 16900191 ER PT J AU Cavalleri, A Wall, S Simpson, C Statz, E Ward, DW Nelson, KA Rini, M Schoenlein, RW AF Cavalleri, A. Wall, S. Simpson, C. Statz, E. Ward, D. W. Nelson, K. A. Rini, M. Schoenlein, R. W. TI Tracking the motion of charges in a terahertz light field by femtosecond X-ray diffraction SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; CHERENKOV RADIATION; PHONON-POLARITONS; RAMAN-SCATTERING; PULSES; DYNAMICS; LITAO3; MEDIA; MODES AB In condensed matter, light propagation near resonances is described in terms of polaritons, electro- mechanical excitations in which the time- dependent electric field is coupled to the oscillation of charged masses(1,2). This description underpins our understanding of the macroscopic optical properties of solids, liquids and plasmas, as well as of their dispersion with frequency. In ferroelectric materials, terahertz radiation propagates by driving infrared- active lattice vibrations, resulting in phononpolariton waves. Electro- optic sampling with femtosecond optical pulses(3-5) can measure the time- dependent electrical polarization, providing a phase- sensitive analogue to optical Raman scattering(6,7). Here we use femtosecond time- resolved X- ray diffraction(8-10), a phase- sensitive analogue to inelastic X- ray scattering(11-13), to measure the corresponding displacements of ions in ferroelectric lithium tantalate, LiTaO3. Amplitude and phase of all degrees of freedom in a light field are thus directly measured in the time domain. Notably, extension of other X- ray techniques to the femtosecond timescale ( for example, magnetic or anomalous scattering) would allow for studies in complex systems, where electric fields couple to multiple degrees of freedom(14). C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Cent Laser Facil & Diamond Light Source, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cavalleri, A (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. EM a.cavalleri1@physics.ox.ac.uk RI Kim, Yu Jin/A-2433-2012; Schoenlein, Robert/D-1301-2014; Wall, Simon/E-3771-2012 OI Schoenlein, Robert/0000-0002-6066-7566; Wall, Simon/0000-0002-6136-0224 NR 26 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 57 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 10 PY 2006 VL 442 IS 7103 BP 664 EP 666 DI 10.1038/nature05041 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 071UU UT WOS:000239630200040 PM 16900195 ER PT J AU Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adams, M Adams, T Agelou, M Agram, JL Ahn, SH Ahsan, M Alexeev, GD Alkhazov, G Alton, A Alverson, G Alves, GA Anastasoaie, M Andeen, T Anderson, S Andrieu, B Arnoud, Y Arov, M Askew, A Asman, B Jesus, ACSA Atramentov, O Autermann, C Avila, C Badaud, F Baden, A Bagby, L Baldin, B Balm, PW Bandurin, DV Banerjee, P Banerjee, S Barberis, E Bargassa, P Baringer, P Barnes, C Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Bean, A Beauceron, S Begalli, M Begel, M Bellavance, A Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bernhard, R Berntzon, L Bertram, I Besancon, M Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Binder, M Biscarat, C Black, KM Blackler, I Blazey, G Blekman, F Blessing, S Bloch, D Blumenschein, U Boehnlein, A Boeriu, O Bolton, TA Borcherding, F Borissov, G Bos, K Bose, T Brandt, A Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Brown, D Buchanan, NJ Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Burdin, S Burke, S Burnett, TH Busato, E Buszello, CP Butler, JM Calvet, S Cammin, J Caron, S Carvalho, W Casey, BCK Cason, NM Castilla-Valdez, H Chakrabarti, S Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chandra, A Chapin, D Charles, F Cheu, E Cho, DK Choi, S Choudhary, B Christiansen, T Christofek, L Claes, D Clement, B Clement, C Coadou, Y Cooke, M Cooper, WE Coppage, D Corcoran, M Cousinou, MC Cox, B Crepe-Renaudin, S Cutts, D da Motta, H Das, A Das, M Davies, B Davies, G Davis, GA De, K de Jong, P de Jong, SJ De la Cruz-Burelo, E Martins, CD Dean, S Degenhardt, JD Deliot, F Demarteau, M Demina, R Demine, P Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Doidge, M Dong, H Doulas, S Dudko, LV Duflot, L Dugad, SR Duperrin, A Dyer, J Dyshkant, A Eads, M Edmunds, D Edwards, T Ellison, J Elmsheuser, J Elvira, VD Eno, S Ermolov, P Estrada, J Evans, H Evdokimov, A Evdokimov, VN Fast, J Fatakia, SN Feligioni, L Ferapontov, AV Ferbel, T Fiedler, F Filthaut, F Fisher, W Fisk, HE Fleck, I Fortner, M Fox, H Fu, S Fuess, S Gadfort, T Galea, CF Gallas, E Galyaev, E Garcia, C Garcia-Bellido, A Gardner, J Gavrilov, V Gay, A Gay, P Gele, D Gelhaus, R Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gillberg, D Ginther, G Golling, T Gollub, N Gomez, B Gounder, K Goussiou, A Grannis, PD Greder, S Greenlee, H Greenwood, ZD Gregores, EM Grenier, G Gris, P Grivaz, JF Grunendahl, S Grunewald, MW Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Haas, A Hadley, NJ Hagopian, S Haley, J Hall, I Hall, RE Han, C Han, L Hanagaki, K Harder, K Harel, A Harrington, R Hauptman, JM Hauser, R Hays, J Hebbeker, T Hedin, D Hegeman, JG Heinmiller, JM Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hensel, C Hesketh, G Hildreth, MD Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hohlfeld, M Hong, SJ Hooper, R Houben, P Hu, Y Huang, J Hynek, V Iashvili, I Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jabeen, S Jaffre, M Jain, S Jain, V Jakobs, K Jarvis, C Jenkins, A Jesik, R Johns, K Johnson, C Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jonsson, P Juste, A Kafer, D Kahn, S Kajfasz, E Kalinin, AM Kalk, JM Kalk, JR Kairmanov, D Kasper, J Katsanos, I Kau, D Kaur, R Kehoe, R Kermiche, S Kesisoglou, S Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Kharzheev, YM Khatidze, D Kim, H Kim, TJ Klima, B Kohli, JM Konrath, JP Kopal, M Korablev, VM Kotcher, J Kothari, B Koubarovsky, A Kozelov, AV Kozminski, J Kryemadhi, A Krzywdzinski, S Kumar, A Kunori, S Kupco, A Kurca, T Kvita, J Lager, S Lammers, S Landsberg, G Lazoflores, J Le Bihan, AC Lebrun, P Lee, WM Leflat, A Lehner, F Leonidopoulos, C Lesne, V Leveque, J Lewis, P Li, J Li, QZ Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linn, SL Linnemann, J Lipaev, VV Lipton, R Lobo, L Lobodenko, A Lokajicek, M Lounis, A Love, P Lubatti, HJ Lueking, L Lynker, M Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Mattig, P Magass, C Magerkurth, A Magnan, AM Makovec, N Mal, PK Malbouisson, HB Malik, S Malyshev, VL Mao, HS Maravin, Y Martens, M Mattingly, SEK McCarthy, R McCroskey, R Meder, D Melnitchouk, A Mendes, A Mendoza, L Merkin, M Merritt, KW Meyer, A Meyer, J Michaut, M Miettinen, H Mitrevski, J Molina, J Mondal, NK Monk, J Moore, RW Moulik, T Muanza, GS Mulders, M Mundim, L Mutaf, YD Nagy, E Naimuddin, M Narain, M Naumann, NA Neal, HA Negret, JP Nelson, S Neustroev, P Noeding, C Nomerotski, A Novaes, SF Nunnemann, T Nurse, E O'Dell, V O'Neil, DC Obrant, G Oguri, V Oliveira, N Oshima, N Garzon, GJOY Padley, P Parashar, N Park, SK Parsons, J Partridge, R Parua, N Patwa, A Pawloski, G Perea, PM Perez, E Petroff, P Petteni, M Piegaia, R Pleier, MA Podesta-Lerma, PLM Podstavkov, VM Pogorelov, Y Pol, ME Pompos, A Pope, BG da Silva, WLP Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quadt, A Quinn, B Rani, KJ Ranjan, K Rapidis, PA Ratoff, PN Reucroft, S Rijssenbeek, M Ripp-Baudot, I Rizatdinova, F Robinson, S Rodrigues, RF Royon, C Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Rud, VI Sajot, G Sanchez-Hernandez, A Sanders, MP Santoro, A Savage, G Sawyer, L Scanlon, T Schaile, D Schamberger, RD Scheglov, Y Schellman, H Schieferdecker, P Schmitt, C Schwanenberger, C Schwartzman, A Schwienhorst, R Sengupta, S Severini, H Shabalina, E Shamim, M Shary, V Shchukin, AA Shephard, WD Shivpuri, RK Shpakov, D Sidwell, RA Simak, V Sirotenko, V Skubic, P Slattery, P Smith, RP Smolek, K Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Soldner-Rembold, S Song, X Sonnenschein, L Sopczak, A Sosebee, M Soustruznik, K Souza, M Spurlock, B Stark, J Steele, J Stevenson, K Stolin, V Stone, A Stoyanova, DA Strandberg, J Strang, MA Strauss, M Strohmer, R Strom, D Strovink, M Stutte, L Sumowidagdo, S Sznajder, A Talby, M Tamburello, P Taylor, W Telford, P Temple, J Tiller, B Titov, M Tomoto, M Toole, T Torchiani, I Towers, S Trefzger, T Trincaz-Duvoid, S Tsybychev, D Tuchming, B Tully, C Turcot, AS Tuts, PM Uvarov, L Uvarov, S Uzunyan, S Vachon, B van den Berg, PJ Van Kooten, R van Leeuwen, WM Varelas, N Varnes, EW Vartapetian, A Vasilyev, IA Vaupel, M Verdier, P Vertogradov, LS Verzocchi, M Villeneuve-Seguier, E Vlimant, JR Von Toerne, E Voutilainen, M Vreeswijk, M Vu Anh, T Wahl, HD Wang, L Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weber, M Weerts, H Wermes, N Wetstein, M White, A White, V Wicke, D Wijngaarden, DA Wilson, GW Wimpenny, SJ Wobisch, M Womersley, J Wood, DR Wyatt, TR Xie, Y Xu, Q Xuan, N Yacoob, S Yamada, R Yan, M Yasuda, T Yatsunenko, YA Yen, Y Yip, K Yoo, HD Youn, SW Yu, J Yurkewicz, A Zabi, A Zatserklyaniy, A Zeitnitz, C Zhang, D Zhao, T Zhao, Z Zhou, B Zhu, J Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zutshi, V Zverev, EG AF Abazov, V. M. Abbott, B. Abolins, M. Acharya, B. S. Adams, M. Adams, T. Agelou, M. Agram, J. -L. Ahn, S. H. Ahsan, M. Alexeev, G. D. Alkhazov, G. Alton, A. Alverson, G. Alves, G. A. Anastasoaie, M. Andeen, T. Anderson, S. Andrieu, B. Arnoud, Y. Arov, M. Askew, A. Asman, B. Assis Jesus, A. C. S. Atramentov, O. Autermann, C. Avila, C. Badaud, F. Baden, A. Bagby, L. Baldin, B. Balm, P. W. Bandurin, D. V. Banerjee, P. Banerjee, S. Barberis, E. Bargassa, P. Baringer, P. Barnes, C. Barreto, J. Bartlett, J. F. Bassler, U. Bauer, D. Bean, A. Beauceron, S. Begalli, M. Begel, M. Bellavance, A. Beri, S. B. Bernardi, G. Bernhard, R. Berntzon, L. Bertram, I. Besancon, M. Beuselinck, R. Bezzubov, V. A. Bhat, P. C. Bhatnagar, V. Binder, M. Biscarat, C. Black, K. M. Blackler, I. Blazey, G. Blekman, F. Blessing, S. Bloch, D. Blumenschein, U. Boehnlein, A. Boeriu, O. Bolton, T. A. Borcherding, F. Borissov, G. Bos, K. Bose, T. Brandt, A. Brock, R. Brooijmans, G. Bross, A. Brown, D. Buchanan, N. J. Buchholz, D. Buehler, M. Buescher, V. Burdin, S. Burke, S. Burnett, T. H. Busato, E. Buszello, C. P. Butler, J. M. Calvet, S. Cammin, J. Caron, S. Carvalho, W. Casey, B. C. K. Cason, N. M. Castilla-Valdez, H. Chakrabarti, S. Chakraborty, D. Chan, K. M. Chandra, A. Chapin, D. Charles, F. Cheu, E. Cho, D. K. Choi, S. Choudhary, B. Christiansen, T. Christofek, L. Claes, D. Clement, B. Clement, C. Coadou, Y. Cooke, M. Cooper, W. E. Coppage, D. Corcoran, M. Cousinou, M. -C. Cox, B. Crepe-Renaudin, S. Cutts, D. da Motta, H. Das, A. Das, M. Davies, B. Davies, G. Davis, G. A. De, K. de Jong, P. de Jong, S. J. De la Cruz-Burelo, E. De Oliveira Martins, C. Dean, S. Degenhardt, J. D. Deliot, F. Demarteau, M. Demina, R. Demine, P. Denisov, D. Denisov, S. P. Desai, S. Diehl, H. T. Diesburg, M. Doidge, M. Dong, H. Doulas, S. Dudko, L. V. Duflot, L. Dugad, S. R. Duperrin, A. Dyer, J. Dyshkant, A. Eads, M. Edmunds, D. Edwards, T. Ellison, J. Elmsheuser, J. Elvira, V. D. Eno, S. Ermolov, P. Estrada, J. Evans, H. Evdokimov, A. Evdokimov, V. N. Fast, J. Fatakia, S. N. Feligioni, L. Ferapontov, A. V. Ferbel, T. Fiedler, F. Filthaut, F. Fisher, W. Fisk, H. E. Fleck, I. Fortner, M. Fox, H. Fu, S. Fuess, S. Gadfort, T. Galea, C. F. Gallas, E. Galyaev, E. Garcia, C. Garcia-Bellido, A. Gardner, J. Gavrilov, V. Gay, A. Gay, P. Gele, D. Gelhaus, R. Gerber, C. E. Gershtein, Y. Gillberg, D. Ginther, G. Golling, T. Gollub, N. Gomez, B. Gounder, K. Goussiou, A. Grannis, P. D. Greder, S. Greenlee, H. Greenwood, Z. D. Gregores, E. M. Grenier, G. Gris, Ph. Grivaz, J. -F. Grunendahl, S. Grunewald, M. W. Gutierrez, G. Gutierrez, P. Haas, A. Hadley, N. J. Hagopian, S. Haley, J. Hall, I. Hall, R. E. Han, C. Han, L. Hanagaki, K. Harder, K. Harel, A. Harrington, R. Hauptman, J. M. Hauser, R. Hays, J. Hebbeker, T. Hedin, D. Hegeman, J. G. Heinmiller, J. M. Heinson, A. P. Heintz, U. Hensel, C. Hesketh, G. Hildreth, M. D. Hirosky, R. Hobbs, J. D. Hoeneisen, B. Hohlfeld, M. Hong, S. J. Hooper, R. Houben, P. Hu, Y. Huang, J. Hynek, V. Iashvili, I. Illingworth, R. Ito, A. S. Jabeen, S. Jaffre, M. Jain, S. Jain, V. Jakobs, K. Jarvis, C. Jenkins, A. Jesik, R. Johns, K. Johnson, C. Johnson, M. Jonckheere, A. Jonsson, P. Juste, A. Kaefer, D. Kahn, S. Kajfasz, E. Kalinin, A. M. Kalk, J. M. Kalk, J. R. Kairmanov, D. Kasper, J. Katsanos, I. Kau, D. Kaur, R. Kehoe, R. Kermiche, S. Kesisoglou, S. Khanov, A. Kharchilava, A. Kharzheev, Y. M. Khatidze, D. Kim, H. Kim, T. J. Klima, B. Kohli, J. M. Konrath, J. -P. Kopal, M. Korablev, V. M. Kotcher, J. Kothari, B. Koubarovsky, A. Kozelov, A. V. Kozminski, J. Kryemadhi, A. Krzywdzinski, S. Kumar, A. Kunori, S. Kupco, A. Kurca, T. Kvita, J. Lager, S. Lammers, S. Landsberg, G. Lazoflores, J. Le Bihan, A. -C. Lebrun, P. Lee, W. M. Leflat, A. Lehner, F. Leonidopoulos, C. Lesne, V. Leveque, J. Lewis, P. Li, J. Li, Q. Z. Lima, J. G. R. Lincoln, D. Linn, S. L. Linnemann, J. Lipaev, V. V. Lipton, R. Lobo, L. Lobodenko, A. Lokajicek, M. Lounis, A. Love, P. Lubatti, H. J. 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Zatserklyaniy, A. Zeitnitz, C. Zhang, D. Zhao, T. Zhao, Z. Zhou, B. Zhu, J. Zielinski, M. Zieminska, D. Zieminski, A. Zutshi, V. Zverev, E. G. CA DO Collaboration TI Measurement of the isolated photon cross section in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID LEADING ORDER; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; GLOBAL ANALYSIS; FRAGMENTATION; COLLIDER; SINGLE; JETS AB The cross section for the inclusive production of isolated photons has been measured in p (p) over bar collisions at root s = 1.96 TeV with the DO detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. The photons span transverse momenta 23 to 300 GeV and have pseudorapidity vertical bar n vertical bar < 0.9. The cross section is compared with the results from two next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations. The theoretical predictions agree with the measurement within uncertainties. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, LAFEX, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Fis Teor, BR-01405 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. Charles Univ Prague, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Czech Tech Univ, CR-16635 Prague, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ San Francisco Quito, Quito, Ecuador. Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Corpusculaire Lab, Clermont Ferrand, France. Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, Grenoble, France. Univ Aix Marseille 2, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France. Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IN2P3, LPNHE, Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, CNRS, IN2P3, LPNHE, Paris, France. CEA, Serv Phys Particules, DAPNIA, Saclay, France. Univ Strasbourg 1, CNRS, IN2P3, IReS, Strasbourg, France. Univ Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France. Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Inst Phys Nucl Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst A 3, D-5100 Aachen, Germany. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys, Freiburg, Germany. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. Univ Wuppertal, Fachbereich Phys, Wuppertal, Germany. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. Korea Univ, Korea Detector Lab, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. FOM, Inst NIKHEF, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Radboud Univ Nijmegen, NIKHEF, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. Royal Inst Technol, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. Stockholm Univ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Langston Univ, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bandurin, DV (reprint author), Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. EM bandurin@fnal.gov RI Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Telford, Paul/B-6253-2011; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012; Mundim, Luiz/A-1291-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Fisher, Wade/N-4491-2013; Oguri, Vitor/B-5403-2013; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Deliot, Frederic/F-3321-2014; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/F-9057-2014 OI Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549; Mundim, Luiz/0000-0001-9964-7805; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/0000-0002-7161-2616 NR 37 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD AUG 10 PY 2006 VL 639 IS 3-4 BP 151 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2006.04.048 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 072MC UT WOS:000239676500003 ER PT J AU Amsler, C Baker, CA Barnette, BM Batty, CJ Benayoun, M Blum, P Braune, K Bugg, DV Crede, V Crowe, KM Doser, M Dunnweber, W Engelhardt, D Faessler, MA Haddock, RP Heinsius, FH Hessey, NP Hidas, P Jamnik, D Kalinowsky, H Kammel, P Kisiel, J Klempt, E Koch, H Kortner, O Kunze, M Kurilla, U Landua, R Matthay, H Meyer, CA Meyer-Wildhagen, E Ouared, R Peters, K Pick, B Ratajczak, M Regenfus, C Roethel, W Seth, K Strohbusch, U Suffert, M Thoma, U Uman, I Wallis-Plachner, S Walther, D Wiedner, U Zou, BS Zupancic, C AF Amsler, C. Baker, C. A. Barnette, B. M. Batty, C. J. Benayoun, M. Bluem, P. Braune, K. Bugg, D. V. Crede, V. Crowe, K. M. Doser, M. Duennweber, W. Engelhardt, D. Faessler, M. A. Haddock, R. P. Heinsius, F. H. Hessey, N. P. Hidas, P. Jamnik, D. Kalinowsky, H. Kammel, P. Kisiel, J. Klempt, E. Koch, H. Kortner, O. Kunze, M. Kurilla, U. Landua, R. Matthaey, H. Meyer, C. A. Meyer-Wildhagen, E. Ouared, R. Peters, K. Pick, B. Ratajczak, M. Regenfus, C. Roethel, W. Seth, K. Strohbusch, U. Suffert, M. Thoma, U. Uman, I. Wallis-Plachner, S. Walther, D. Wiedner, U. Zou, B. S. Zupancic, C. CA Crystal Barrel Collaboration TI Study of K(K)over-bar resonances in (p)over-barp -> K+K-pi(0) at 900 and 1640 MeV/c SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID ANTIPROTON-PROTON ANNIHILATION; (P)OVER-BAR-P ANNIHILATION; CRYSTAL BARREL; PP INTERACTIONS; 450 GEV/C; ETA-ETA; REST; MESON; SPECTROSCOPY; F(0)(1500) AB Prominent K (K) over bar resonances observed in the in-flight annihilation of p (p) over bar into K+K-pi(0) include f(2)(1270), f(0)(1500), f(2)'(1525), phi(1680)/rho(1700) and a state at 1750 MeV/c(2) consistent with f(0)(1710). The reaction cross sections sigma((p) over barp -> X(K+K-)pi(0)) are obtained by means of a partial wave analysis. When these are combined with known K (K) over bar partial widths, the resulting production rates of presumably non-n (n) over bar states, X = f(0) (1710) and f(2)'(1525), are found to be suppressed by an order of magnitude compared to f(0)(1500) and f(2)(1270), respectively. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Munich, D-80333 Munich, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ruhr Univ Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Hungarian Acad Sci, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Karlsruhe, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Queen Mary Univ London, London E1 4NS, England. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Ctr Rech Nucl, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. Univ Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, LPNHE, F-75252 Paris, France. RP Wiedner, U (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, S-75105 Uppsala, Sweden. EM ulrich.wiedner@tsl.uu.se RI Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; Meyer, Curtis/L-3488-2014; Ratajczak, Mariusz Zdzislaw/N-1599-2014 OI Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Meyer, Curtis/0000-0001-7599-3973; NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. 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Manca, G Margaroli, F Marginean, R Marino, C Martin, A Martin, M Martin, V Martinez, M Maruyama, T Matsunaga, H Mattson, ME Mazini, R Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McGivern, D McIntyre, P McNamara, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Menzemer, S Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Messina, A von der Mey, M Miao, T Miladinovic, N Miles, J Miller, R Miller, JS Mills, C Milnik, M Miquel, R Miscetti, S Mitselmakher, G Miyamoto, A Moggi, N Mohr, B Moore, R Morello, M Fernandez, PM Mulmenstadt, J Mukherjee, A Mulhearn, M Muller, T Mumford, R Murat, P Nachtman, J Nahn, S Nakano, I Napier, A Naumov, D Necula, V Neu, C Neubauer, MS Nielsen, J Nigmanov, T Nodulman, L Norniella, O Ogawa, T Oh, SH Oh, YD Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Osterberg, K Pagliarone, C Palencia, E Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Papikonomou, A Paramonov, AA Parks, B Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, DE Penzo, A Petruccelli, J Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pitts, K Plager, C Pondrom, L Pope, G Portell, X 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Squillacioti, P Stanitzki, M Staveris-Polykalas, A St Denis, R Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Stentz, D Strologas, J Stuart, D Suh, JS Sukhanov, A Sumorok, K Sun, H Suzuki, T Taffard, A Tafirout, R Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tanaka, R Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Tipton, P Tiwari, V Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tomura, T Tonelli, D Tonnesmann, M Torre, S Torretta, D Tourneur, S Trischuk, W Tsuchiya, R Tsuno, S Turini, N Ukegawa, E Unverhau, T Uozumi, S Usynin, D Vacavant, L Vaiciulis, A Vallecorsa, S Varganov, A Vataga, E Velev, G Veramendi, G Veszpremi, V Vickey, T Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Vollrath, I Volobouev, I Wurthwein, F Wagner, P Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wallny, R Walter, T Wan, Z Wang, MJ Wang, SM Warburton, A Ward, B Waschke, S Waters, D Watts, T Weber, M Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Whiteson, D Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolfe, C Worm, S Wright, T Wu, X Wynne, SM Yagil, A Yamamoto, K Yamaoka, J Yamashita, T Yang, C Yang, UK Yao, WM Yeh, GP Yoh, J Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, SS Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zaw, I Zetti, F Zhang, X Zhou, J Zucchelli, S AF Abulencia, A. Acosta, D. Adelman, J. Affolder, T. Akimoto, T. Albrow, M. G. Ambrose, D. Amerio, S. Amidei, D. Anastassov, A. Anikeev, K. Annovi, A. Antos, J. Aoki, M. Apollinari, G. Arguin, J. -F. Arisawa, T. Artikov, A. Ashmanskas, W. Attal, A. Azfar, F. Azzi-Bacchetta, P. Azzurri, P. Bacchetta, N. Bachacou, H. Badgett, W. Barbaro-Galtieri, A. Barnes, V. E. Barnett, B. A. Baroiant, S. Bartsch, V. Bauer, G. Bedeschi, F. Behari, S. Belforte, S. Bellettini, G. Bellinger, J. Belloni, A. Ben-Haim, E. Benjamin, D. Beretvas, A. Beringer, J. Berry, T. Bhatti, A. Binkley, M. Bisello, D. Bishai, M. Blair, R. E. Blocker, C. Bloom, K. Blumenfeld, B. Bocci, A. Bodek, A. Boisvert, V. Bolla, G. Bolshov, A. Bortoletto, D. Boudreau, J. Bourov, S. Boveia, A. Brau, B. Bromberg, C. Brubaker, E. Budagov, J. Budd, H. S. Budd, S. Burkett, K. Busetto, G. Bussey, P. Byrum, K. L. Cabrera, S. Campanelli, M. Campbell, M. Canelli, F. Canepa, A. Carlsmith, D. Carosi, R. Carron, S. Casarsa, M. Castro, A. Catastini, P. Cauz, D. Cavalli-Sforza, M. Cerri, A. Cerrito, L. Chang, S. H. Chapman, J. Chen, Y. C. Chertok, M. Chiarelli, G. Chlachidze, G. Chlebana, F. Cho, I. Cho, K. Chokheli, D. Chou, J. P. Chu, P. H. Chuang, S. H. Chung, K. Chung, W. H. Chung, Y. S. Ciljak, M. Ciobanu, C. I. Ciocci, M. A. Clark, A. Clark, D. Coca, M. Connolly, A. Convery, M. E. Conway, J. Cooper, B. Copic, K. Cordelli, M. Cortiana, G. Cruz, A. Cuevas, J. Culbertson, R. Cyr, D. DaRonco, S. D'Auria, S. D'onofrio, M. Dagenhart, D. de Barbaro, P. De Cecco, S. Deisher, A. De Lentdecker, G. Dell'Orso, M. Demers, S. Demortier, L. Deng, J. Deninno, M. De Pedis, D. Derwent, P. F. Dionisi, C. Dittmann, J. R. DiTuro, P. Doerr, C. Dominguez, A. Donati, S. Donega, M. Dong, P. Donini, J. Dorigo, T. Dube, S. Ebina, K. Efron, J. Ehlers, J. Erbacher, R. Errede, D. Errede, S. Eusebi, R. Fang, H. C. Farrington, S. Fedorko, I. Fedorko, W. T. Feild, R. G. Feindt, M. Fernandez, J. P. Field, R. Flanagan, G. Flores-Castillo, L. R. Foland, A. Forrester, S. 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Lister, A. Litvintsev, D. O. Liu, T. Liu, Y. Lockyer, N. S. Loginov, A. Loreti, M. Loverre, P. Lu, R. -S. Lucchesi, D. Lujan, P. Lukens, P. Lungu, G. Lyons, L. Lys, J. Lysak, R. Lytken, E. Mack, P. MacQueen, D. Madrak, R. Maeshima, K. Maksimovic, P. Manca, G. Margaroli, F. Marginean, R. Marino, C. Martin, A. Martin, M. Martin, V. Martinez, M. Maruyama, T. Matsunaga, H. Mattson, M. E. Mazini, R. Mazzanti, P. McFarland, K. S. McGivern, D. McIntyre, P. McNamara, P. McNulty, R. Mehta, A. Menzemer, S. Menzione, A. Merkel, P. Mesropian, C. Messina, A. von der Mey, M. Miao, T. Miladinovic, N. Miles, J. Miller, R. Miller, J. S. Mills, C. Milnik, M. Miquel, R. Miscetti, S. Mitselmakher, G. Miyamoto, A. Moggi, N. Mohr, B. Moore, R. Morello, M. Fernandez, P. Movilla Mulmenstadt, J. Mukherjee, A. Mulhearn, M. Muller, Th. Mumford, R. Murat, P. Nachtman, J. Nahn, S. Nakano, I. Napier, A. Naumov, D. Necula, V. Neu, C. Neubauer, M. S. Nielsen, J. Nigmanov, T. Nodulman, L. Norniella, O. Ogawa, T. Oh, S. H. Oh, Y. D. Okusawa, T. Oldeman, R. Orava, R. Osterberg, K. Pagliarone, C. Palencia, E. Paoletti, R. Papadimitriou, V. Papikonomou, A. Paramonov, A. A. Parks, B. Pashapour, S. Patrick, J. Pauletta, G. Paulini, M. Paus, C. Pellett, D. E. Penzo, A. Petruccelli, J. Phillips, T. J. Piacentino, G. Piedra, J. Pitts, K. Plager, C. Pondrom, L. Pope, G. Portell, X. Poukhov, O. Pounder, N. Prakoshyn, F. Pronko, A. Proudfoot, J. Ptohos, F. Punzi, G. Pursley, J. Rademacker, J. Rahaman, A. Rakitin, A. Rappoccio, S. Ratnikov, F. Reisert, B. Rekovic, V. van Remortel, N. Renton, P. Rescigno, M. Richter, S. Rimondi, F. Rinnert, K. Ristori, L. Robertson, W. J. Robson, A. Rodrigo, T. Rogers, E. Rolli, S. Roser, R. Rossi, M. Rossin, R. Rott, C. Ruiz, A. Russ, J. Rusu, V. Ryan, D. Saarikko, H. Sabik, S. Safonov, A. Sakumoto, W. K. Salamanna, G. Salto, O. Saltzberg, D. Sanchez, C. Santi, L. Sarkar, S. Sato, K. Savard, P. Savoy-Navarro, A. Scheidle, T. Schlabach, P. Schmidt, E. E. Schmidt, M. P. Schmitt, M. Schwarz, T. Scodellaro, L. Scott, A. L. Scribano, A. Scuri, E. Sedov, A. Seidel, S. Seiya, Y. Semenov, A. Semeria, F. Sexton-Kennedy, L. Sfiligoi, I. Shapiro, M. D. Shears, T. Shepard, P. F. Sherman, D. Shimojima, M. Shochet, M. Shon, Y. Shreyber, I. Sidoti, A. Sill, A. Sinervo, P. Sisakyan, A. Sjolin, J. Skiba, A. Slaughter, A. J. Sliwa, K. Smirnov, D. Smith, J. R. Snider, F. D. Snihur, R. Soderberg, M. Soha, A. Somalwar, S. Sorin, V. Spalding, J. Spinella, F. Squillacioti, P. Stanitzki, M. Staveris-Polykalas, A. St. Denis, R. Stelzer, B. Stelzer-Chilton, O. Stentz, D. Strologas, J. Stuart, D. Suh, J. S. Sukhanov, A. Sumorok, K. Sun, H. Suzuki, T. Taffard, A. Tafirout, R. Takashima, R. Takeuchi, Y. Takikawa, K. Tanaka, M. Tanaka, R. Tecchio, M. Teng, P. K. Terashi, K. Tether, S. Thom, J. Thompson, A. S. Thomson, E. Tipton, P. Tiwari, V. Tkaczyk, S. Toback, D. Tollefson, K. Tomura, T. Tonelli, D. Tonnesmann, M. Torre, S. Torretta, D. Tourneur, S. Trischuk, W. Tsuchiya, R. Tsuno, S. Turini, N. Ukegawa, E. Unverhau, T. Uozumi, S. Usynin, D. Vacavant, L. Vaiciulis, A. Vallecorsa, S. Varganov, A. Vataga, E. Velev, G. Veramendi, G. Veszpremi, V. Vickey, T. Vidal, R. Vila, I. Vilar, R. Vollrath, I. Volobouev, I. Wurthwein, F. Wagner, P. Wagner, R. G. Wagner, R. L. Wagner, W. Wallny, R. Walter, T. Wan, Z. Wang, M. J. Wang, S. M. Warburton, A. Ward, B. Waschke, S. Waters, D. Watts, T. Weber, M. Wester, W. C., III Whitehouse, B. Whiteson, D. Wicklund, A. B. Wicklund, E. Williams, H. H. Wilson, P. Winer, B. L. Wittich, P. Wolbers, S. Wolfe, C. Worm, S. Wright, T. Wu, X. Wynne, S. M. Yagil, A. Yamamoto, K. Yamaoka, J. Yamashita, T. Yang, C. Yang, U. K. Yao, W. M. Yeh, G. P. Yoh, J. Yorita, K. Yoshida, T. Yu, I. Yu, S. S. Yun, J. C. Zanello, L. Zanetti, A. Zaw, I. Zetti, F. Zhang, X. Zhou, J. Zucchelli, S. CA CDF Collaboration TI A search for t -> tau nu q in t(t)over-bar production SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID TOP-QUARK; DECAYS; COLLISIONS; TEVATRON AB We present a search for t (t) over bar events with a tau lepton in the final state. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 194 pb(-1) collected with the CDF Pi detector from pp collisions at a center of mass energy of 1.96 TeV. We observe two events with an expected signal of 1.0 +/- 0.2 events and a background of 1.3 +/- 0.3 events. We determine a 95% confidence level upper limit on r(tau), the ratio of the measured rate of t -> tau vq to the expectation, of 5.2. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div High Energy Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 558, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova Trento, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Pisa, Siena, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Sez Roma 1, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Demers, S (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM demers@pas.rochester.edu RI Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Connolly, Amy/J-3958-2013; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013 OI Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Osterberg, Kenneth/0000-0003-4807-0414; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643 NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD AUG 10 PY 2006 VL 639 IS 3-4 BP 172 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2006.06.030 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 072MC UT WOS:000239676500006 ER PT J AU Cole, BA Yang, XH Cianciolo, V Frawley, A Hartouni, EP Hiejima, H Lebedev, A Maeda, N Mioduszewski, S Read, K Rosati, M Soltz, RA Sorensen, S Thomas, JH Torun, Y Winter, D Zajc, WA AF Cole, B. A. Yang, X. H. Cianciolo, V. Frawley, A. Hartouni, E. P. Hiejima, H. Lebedev, A. Maeda, N. Mioduszewski, S. Read, K. Rosati, M. Soltz, R. A. Sorensen, S. Thomas, J. H. Torun, Y. Winter, D. Zajc, W. A. TI Strangeness enhancement in p-A collisions: Consequences for the interpretation of strangeness production in A-A collisions SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-PRODUCTION; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; GEV/C; DISTRIBUTIONS; GEV/NUCLEON; BARYONS; LAMBDA; KAON AB Published measurements of semi-inclusive A production in p-Au collisions at the AGS are used to estimate the yields of singly strange hadrons in nucleus-nucleus (A-A) collisions. Results of a described extrapolation technique are shown and compared to measurements of K+ production in Si-Al, Si-Au, and Au-Au collisions at the AGS and net A production in S-S, S-Ag, Pb-Pb, and inclusive p-A collisions at the SPS. The extrapolations can account for more than 75% of the measured strange particle yields in all of the studied systems except for very central Au + Au collisions at the AGS where RQMD comparisons suggest large re-scattering contributions. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Mioduszewski, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM mio@comp.tamu.edu OI Read, Kenneth/0000-0002-3358-7667; Torun, Yagmur/0000-0003-2336-6585; Thomas, James/0000-0002-6256-4536; Hartouni, Edward/0000-0001-9869-4351 NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD AUG 10 PY 2006 VL 639 IS 3-4 BP 210 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2006.06.059 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 072MC UT WOS:000239676500010 ER PT J AU Callender, R Dyer, RB AF Callender, Robert Dyer, R. Brian TI Advances in time-resolved approaches to characterize the dynamical nature of enzymatic catalysis SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID LASER TEMPERATURE-JUMP; PROTEIN-LIGAND INTERACTIONS; CYTOCHROME-C-OXIDASE; H-RAS P21; PHOTOACTIVATED PROTECTING GROUPS; FTIR DIFFERENCE SPECTROSCOPY; SITE LOOP MOTION; INDUCED PH-JUMP; TRIOSEPHOSPHATE ISOMERASE; LACTATE-DEHYDROGENASE C1 Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Biochem, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Callender, R (reprint author), Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Biochem, 1300 Morris Pk Ave, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. EM call@aecom.yu.edu; bdyer@lanl.gov FU NIBIB NIH HHS [EB01958]; NIGMS NIH HHS [P01 GM068036, GM068036] NR 96 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD AUG 9 PY 2006 VL 106 IS 8 BP 3031 EP 3042 DI 10.1021/cr050284b PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 071SZ UT WOS:000239624000002 PM 16895316 ER PT J AU Lawrence, DJ Feldman, WC Elphic, RC Hagerty, JJ Maurice, S McKinney, GW Prettyman, TH AF Lawrence, David J. Feldman, W. C. Elphic, R. C. Hagerty, J. J. Maurice, S. McKinney, G. W. Prettyman, T. H. TI Improved modeling of Lunar Prospector neutron spectrometer data: Implications for hydrogen deposits at the lunar poles SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID EPITHERMAL NEUTRONS; GAMMA-RAY; WATER ICE; SURFACE; MOON; ABUNDANCES; SPECTRA; TIO2; MARS AB [ 1] New models have been computed for the Lunar Prospector ( LP) thermal and epithermal neutron counting rates using the particle transport code MCNPX. This work improves upon previous studies by using one code to model the neutron production, transport, and detection processes, and by examining the sensitivity of epithermal neutrons to elements other than hydrogen. Our modeling results for standard anhydrous lunar soils show that when hydrogen is not included in a soil, epithermal neutrons are most sensitive to variations in the abundances of Fe, Gd, and Sm, which is consistent with measured epithermal neutron data. We use our current modeling results, in conjunction with known mineral compositions of lunar soils and other lunar global data sets to conclude that the best explanation for a decrease in the counting rate of epithermal neutrons near both lunar poles is the presence of hydrogen. We have further concluded that the average hydrogen abundance near both lunar poles is 100 - 150 ppm and is likely buried by 10 +/- 5 cm of dry lunar soil, a result that is consistent with previous studies. The localized hydrogen abundance for small (< 20 km) areas of permanently shaded regions remains highly uncertain and could range from 200 ppm H up to 40 wt% H2O in some isolated regions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31400 Toulouse, France. RP Lawrence, DJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D-466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM djlawrence@lanl.gov RI Lawrence, David/E-7463-2015; OI Lawrence, David/0000-0002-7696-6667; Prettyman, Thomas/0000-0003-0072-2831 NR 42 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD AUG 9 PY 2006 VL 111 IS E8 AR E08001 DI 10.1029/2005JE002637 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 074BR UT WOS:000239787800002 ER PT J AU Pandey, SK Kumar, A Khalid, S Pimpale, AV AF Pandey, S. K. Kumar, Ashwani Khalid, S. Pimpale, A. V. TI Electronic states of LaCoO3: CoK-edge and La L-edge x-ray absorption studies SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID SPIN-STATE; RARE-EARTH; TRANSITION; SPECTRA AB Room-temperature Co K-edge and La L-edge x-ray absorption studies have been carried out on LaCoO3. Experimental near-edge structures have been analysed by theoretical LDA + U density of states (DOS) and multiple scattering ( MS) calculations. Use of both MS and DOS calculations yields additional information about hybridization of the states of the central atom with neighbouring atoms responsible for producing the near-edge structures. Absorption processes at the Co K-edge, and the La L-1-, L-2-, and L-3-edges have been attributed to electronic transitions from Co 1s -> Co 4p, La 2s -> La 6p, La 2p(1/2) -> La 5d, and La 2p(3/2) -> La 5d, respectively. All the pre-edge and post-edge features including the shape of the main absorption edge have been generated by taking the convolution of the calculated DOS, indicating that single particle approximation is sufficient to express all experimentally observed major structures. Two pre-edge structures observed in the Co K-edge spectrum are attributed to Co 1s. e. g and e. g quadrupole transitions in contrast to earlier identification of the same to Co 1s -> t(2g) and e(g) transitions. The influence of La 6p states on the Co 4p states is such that the inclusion of La atoms in the MS calculations is necessary to generate post-edge structures in the Co K-edge spectrum. The importance of the hybridization of the O 2p state with La 6p and 5d in the L-edge absorption processes is also discussed. A 10% contribution of the quadrupole channel has been estimated in the La L-edges. C1 UGC DAE Consortium Sci Res, Indore 452017, India. Devi Ahilya Univ, Sch Phys, Indore 452017, India. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pandey, SK (reprint author), UGC DAE Consortium Sci Res, Univ Campus,Khandwa Rd, Indore 452017, India. EM sk_iuc@rediffmail.com; avp@csr.ernet.in RI Pandey, Sudhir/C-6023-2011 OI Pandey, Sudhir/0000-0003-3673-4818 NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 9 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 31 BP 7103 EP 7113 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/18/31/005 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 070MD UT WOS:000239525800009 ER PT J AU Sykora, M Petruska, MA Alstrum-Acevedo, J Bezel, I Meyer, TJ Klimov, VI AF Sykora, Milan Petruska, Melissa A. Alstrum-Acevedo, James Bezel, Ilya Meyer, Thomas J. Klimov, Victor I. TI Photoinduced charge transfer between CdSe nanocrystal quantum dots and Ru-polypyridine complexes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RELAXATION PATHWAYS; TIO2; EFFICIENCY; COST C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. RP Sykora, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, MS J567, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sykoram@lanl.gov; klimov@lanl.gov OI Klimov, Victor/0000-0003-1158-3179 NR 14 TC 172 Z9 176 U1 3 U2 75 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 9 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 31 BP 9984 EP 9985 AR JA061556A DI 10.1021/ja061556a PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 069NI UT WOS:000239454800001 PM 16881606 ER PT J AU Boon, EM Marletta, MA AF Boon, Elizabeth M. Marletta, Michael A. TI Sensitive and selective detection of nitric oxide using an H-NOX domain SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SOLUBLE GUANYLATE-CYCLASE; SENSOR; ASSAYS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Phys Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Marletta, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM marletta@berkeley.edu OI Boon, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1891-839X FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM070671] NR 16 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 9 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 31 BP 10022 EP 10023 AR JA0632714 DI 10.1021/ja0632714 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 069NI UT WOS:000239454800020 PM 16881625 ER PT J AU Liu, RC Hu, DH Tan, X Lu, HP AF Liu, Ruchuan Hu, Dehong Tan, Xin Lu, H. Peter TI Revealing two-state protein-protein interactions of calmodulin by single-molecule spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-CHAIN KINASE; MEMBRANE CA-ATPASE; OPPOSING GLOBULAR DOMAINS; TARGET RECOGNITION; ENERGY-TRANSFER; BINDING DOMAIN; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS; CALCIUM ACTIVATION; PEPTIDE COMPLEX AB We report a single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and polarization study of conformational dynamics of calmodulin (CaM) interacting with a target peptide, C28W of a 28 amino acid oligomer. The C28W peptide represents the essential binding sequence domain of the Ca-ATPase protein interacting with CaM, which is important in cellular signaling for the regulation of energy in metabolism. However, the mechanism of the CaM/C28W recognition complex formation is still unclear. The amino-terminal (N-terminal) domain of the CaM was labeled with a fluorescein-based arsenical hairpin binder (FlAsH) that enables our unambiguous probing of the CaM N-terminal target-binding domain motions on a millisecond time scale without convolution of the probe-dye random motions. By analyzing the distribution of FRET efficiency between FlAsH labeled CaM and Texas Red labeled C28W and the polarization fluctuation dynamics and distributions of the CaM N-terminal domain, we reveal binding-unbinding motions of the N-terminal domain of the CaM in CaM/C28W complexes, which is strong evidence of a two-state binding interaction of CaM-mediated cell signaling. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lu, HP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Div Chem Sci, POB 999,MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM peter.lu@pnl.gov RI Hu, Dehong/B-4650-2010; Liu, Ruchuan/G-2279-2012 OI Hu, Dehong/0000-0002-3974-2963; NR 58 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 9 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 31 BP 10034 EP 10042 AR JA057005M DI 10.1021/ja057005m PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 069NI UT WOS:000239454800026 PM 16881631 ER PT J AU McDonough, JE Weir, JJ Sukcharoenphon, K Hoff, CD Kryatova, OP Rybak-Akimova, EV Scott, BL Kubas, GJ Mendiratta, A Cummins, CC AF McDonough, James E. Weir, John J. Sukcharoenphon, Kengkaj Hoff, Carl D. Kryatova, Olga P. Rybak-Akimova, Elena V. Scott, Brian L. Kubas, Gregory J. Mendiratta, Arjun Cummins, Christopher C. TI Comparison of thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of oxidative addition of PhE-EPh (E = S, Se, Te) to Mo(CO)(3)(PR3)(2), W(CO)(3)(PR3)(2), and Mo(N[Bu-t]Ar)(3) complexes. The role of oxidation state and ancillary ligands in metal complex induced chalcogenyl radical generation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN COMPLEXES; M = CR; DINITROGEN CLEAVAGE; RIBONUCLEOTIDE REDUCTASE; METHYL DISULFIDE; H-H; BOND; MOLYBDENUM; MO AB Enthalpies of oxidative addition of PhE-EPh (E = S, Se, Te) to the M(0) complexes M(PiPr(3))(2-) (CO)(3) (M = Mo, W) to form stable complexes M((EPh)-E-.)(PiPr(3))(2)(CO)(3) are reported and compared to analogous data for addition to the Mo(III) complexes Mo(N[Bu-t]Ar)(3) (Ar = 3,5-C6H3Me2) to form diamagnetic Mo(IV) phenyl chalcogenide complexes Mo(N[Bu-t]Ar)(3)(EPh). Reactions are increasingly exothermic based on metal complex, Mo((PPr3)-Pr-i)(2)(CO)(3) < W ((PPr3)-Pr-i)(2)(CO)(3) < Mo(N[Bu-t]Ar)(3), and in terms of chalcogenide, PhTe-TePh < PhSe-SePh < PhS-SPh. These data are used to calculate LnM-EPh bond strengths, which are used to estimate the energetics of production of a free (EPh)-E-. radical when a dichalcogenide interacts with a specific metal complex. To test these data, reactions of Mo(N[Bu-t]Ar)(3) and Mo((PPr3)-Pr-i)(2)(CO)(3) with PhSe-SePh were studied by stopped-flow kinetics. First- and second-order dependence on metal ion concentration was determined for these two complexes, respectively, in keeping with predictions based on thermochemical data. ESR data are reported for the full set of bound chalcogenyl radical complexes (PhE.)M((PPr3)-Pr-i)(2)(CO)(3); g values increase on going from S to Se, to Te, and from Mo to W. Calculations of electron densities of the SOMO show increasing electron density on the chalcogen atom on going from S to Se to Te. The crystal structure of W((TePh)-Te-.)((PPr3)-Pr-i)(2)(CO)(3) is reported. C1 Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Struct Inorgan Chem Grp, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hoff, CD (reprint author), Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM c.hoff@miami.edu RI Cummins, Christopher/J-2961-2014; Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Cummins, Christopher/0000-0003-2568-3269; Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 44 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 9 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 31 BP 10295 EP 10303 AR JA063250+ DI 10.1021/ja063250+ PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 069NI UT WOS:000239454800056 PM 16881661 ER PT J AU Zhang, XY Zhao, J Whitney, AV Elam, JW Van Duyne, RP AF Zhang, Xiaoyu Zhao, Jing Whitney, Alyson V. Elam, Jeffrey W. Van Duyne, Richard P. TI Ultrastable substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy: Al2O3 overlayers fabricated by atomic layer deposition yield improved anthrax biomarker detection SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ORGANIZED MOLECULAR ASSEMBLIES; OXIDIZED ALUMINUM SURFACE; NORMAL-ALKANOIC ACIDS; DISTANCE-DEPENDENCE; EXCITATION SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING; GOLD; SILVER; PHOTOOXIDATION AB A new method to stabilize and functionalize surfaces for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is demonstrated. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is used to deposit a sub-1-nm alumina layer on silver film-over-nanosphere (AgFON) substrates. The resulting overlayer maintains and stabilizes the SERS activity of the underlying silver while presenting the surface chemistry of the alumina overlayer, a commonly used polar adsorbent in chromatographic separations. The relative affinity of analytes for alumina-modified AgFON substrates can be determined by their polarity. On the basis of SERS measurements, dipicolinic acid displays the strongest binding to the ALD alumina-modified AgFON among a set of pyridine derivatives with varying polarity. This strong affinity for carboxylate groups makes the SERS substrate an ideal candidate for bacillus spores detection using the dipicolinate biomarker. The SERS signal from extracted dipicolinate was measured over the spore concentration range 10(-14)-10(-12) M to determine the saturation binding capacity of the alumina-modified AgFON surface. The adsorption constant was determined to be K-spore = 9.0 x 10(13) M-1. A 10-s data collection time is capable of achieving a limit of detection of similar to 1.4 x 10(3) spores. The shelf life of prefabricated substrates is at least 9 months prior to use. In comparison to the bare AgFON substrates, the ALD-modified AgFON substrates demonstrate twice the sensitivity with 6 times shorter data acquisition time and 7 times longer temporal stability. ALD expands the palette of available chemical methods to functionalize SERS substrates, which will enable improved and diverse chemical control over the nature of analyte-surface binding for biomedical, homeland security, and environmental applications. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Syst & Mat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Van Duyne, RP (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM vanduyne@chem.northwestern.edu NR 31 TC 253 Z9 256 U1 20 U2 172 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 9 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 31 BP 10304 EP 10309 AR JA0638760 DI 10.1021/ja0638760 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 069NI UT WOS:000239454800057 PM 16881662 ER PT J AU Jones, RL Hu, TJ Soles, CL Lin, EK Reano, RM Casa, DM AF Jones, Ronald L. Hu, Tengjiao Soles, Christopher L. Lin, Eric K. Reano, Ronald M. Casa, Diego M. TI Real-time shape evolution of nanoimprinted polymer structures during thermal annealing SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; CORRUGATION GRATINGS; LITHOGRAPHY; DECAY; ANGLE AB The real-time shape evolution of nanoimprinted polymer patterns is measured as a function of annealing time and temperature using critical dimension small-angle X-ray scattering (CD-SAXS). Periodicity, line width, line height, and sidewall angle are reported with nanometer resolution for parallel line/space patterns in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) both below and above the bulk glass transition temperature (T-G). Heating these patterns below T-G does not produce significant thermal expansion, at least to within the resolution of the measurement. However, above T-G the fast rate of loss in pattern size at early times transitions to a reduced rate in longer time regimes. The time-dependent rate of polymer flow from the pattern into the underlying layer, termed pattern "melting", is consistent with a model of elastic recovery from stresses induced by the molding process. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, CMC, CAT, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jones, RL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ronald.jones@nist.gov RI Casa, Diego/F-9060-2016; Reano, Ronald/J-9286-2014; OI Pang, Stella/0000-0002-4330-0877 NR 14 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG 9 PY 2006 VL 6 IS 8 BP 1723 EP 1728 DI 10.1021/nl0610861 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 071SY UT WOS:000239623900026 PM 16895363 ER PT J AU Karnik, R Castelino, K Duan, CH Majumdar, A AF Karnik, Rohit Castelino, Kenneth Duan, Chuanhua Majumdar, Arun TI Diffusion-limited patterning of molecules in nanofluidic channels SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-CHARGE; STREPTAVIDIN; MONOLAYERS; BIOTIN; NANOSTRUCTURES; LITHOGRAPHY; PROTEINS; BINDING; FLOWS; GOLD AB Diffusion-limited patterning (DLP) is a new technique that enables patterning of labile molecular species in solution phase onto surfaces that are not easily accessible. This technique is self-aligning and is simple to implement for patterning multiple species. We demonstrated DLP by patterning alternating bands of fluorescently labeled and unlabeled streptavidin in biotin-functionalized nanofluidic channels with spatial resolution better than 1 mu m. The methodology of DLP also enables experimental measurement of a unique parameter that relates molecular surface grafting density, concentration, diffusivity, and channel geometry. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Majumdar, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM majumdar@me.berkeley.edu OI Duan, Chuanhua/0000-0002-5453-5321 NR 29 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG 9 PY 2006 VL 6 IS 8 BP 1735 EP 1740 DI 10.1021/nl061159y PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 071SY UT WOS:000239623900028 PM 16895365 ER PT J AU Arenal, R Ferrari, AC Reich, S Wirtz, L Mevellec, JY Lefrant, S Rubio, A Loiseau, A AF Arenal, R. Ferrari, A. C. Reich, S. Wirtz, L. Mevellec, J. -Y. Lefrant, S. Rubio, A. Loiseau, A. TI Raman spectroscopy of single-wall boron nitride nanotubes SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING AB Single-wall boron nitride nanotubes samples synthesized by laser vaporization of a hexagonal BN target under a nitrogen atmosphere are studied by UV and visible Raman spectroscopy. We show that resonant conditions are necessary for investigating phonon modes of BNNTs. Raman excitation in the UV (229 nm) provides preresonant conditions, allowing the identification of the A(1) tangential mode at 1370 cm(-1). This is 5 cm(-1) higher than the E-2g mode in bulk h-BN. Ab initio calculations show that the lower frequency of bulk h-BN with respect to large diameter nanotubes and the single sheet of h-BN is related to a softening of the sp2 bonds in the bulk due to interlayer interaction. C1 Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, CNRS, Lab Etud Microstruct, F-92322 Chatillon, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, England. MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. IEMN, F-59652 Villeneuve Dascq, France. Inst Mat Jean Rouxel, Lab Phys Crystalline, F-44322 Nantes, France. Free Univ Berlin, Inst Theoret Phys, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. RP Arenal, R (reprint author), Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, CNRS, Lab Etud Microstruct, BP 72, F-92322 Chatillon, France. EM arenal@anl.gov RI CSIC-UPV/EHU, CFM/F-4867-2012; DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR., DIPC/C-3171-2014; Rubio, Angel/A-5507-2008; Reich, Stephanie/S-1811-2016; Arenal, Raul/D-2065-2009 OI Rubio, Angel/0000-0003-2060-3151; Reich, Stephanie/0000-0002-2391-0256; Arenal, Raul/0000-0002-2071-9093 NR 28 TC 137 Z9 137 U1 5 U2 79 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG 9 PY 2006 VL 6 IS 8 BP 1812 EP 1816 DI 10.1021/nl0602544 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 071SY UT WOS:000239623900041 PM 16895378 ER PT J AU Khiterer, M Loy, DA Cornelius, CJ Fujimoto, CH Small, JH McIntire, TM Shea, KJ AF Khiterer, Mariya Loy, Douglas A. Cornelius, Christopher J. Fujimoto, Cy H. Small, James H. McIntire, Theresa M. Shea, Kenneth J. TI Hybrid polyelectrolyte materials for fuel cell applications: Design, synthesis, and evaluation of proton-conducting bridged polysilsesquioxanes SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID TAPPING-MODE AFM; MEMBRANES; NAFION; COPOLYMERS AB A method for the synthesis of chemically and thermally robust sulfonic-acid-containing hybrid membrane materials has been established. These polyelectrolyte membranes are prepared by oxidation of the corresponding disulfide-bridged polysilsesquioxanes. This strategy allows for high acid-group loading. Their microstructure is determined by nitrogen adsorption porosimetry, solid-state NMR spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Application of these hybrid materials as proton-exchange membranes for fuel cells is investigated by measuring their proton conductivity, which increases linearly with increasing sulfonic acid content to 6.2 mS/cm. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Chem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87285 USA. RP Shea, KJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM kjshea@uci.edu RI Loy, Douglas/D-4847-2009 OI Loy, Douglas/0000-0001-7635-9958 NR 23 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD AUG 8 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 16 BP 3665 EP 3673 DI 10.1021/cm060440a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 068TI UT WOS:000239396900013 ER PT J AU Puso, MA Solberg, J AF Puso, M. A. Solberg, J. TI A stabilized nodally integrated tetrahedral SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE finite elements; tetrahedral elements; nodal integration ID COMPOSITE FINITE-ELEMENTS; INCOMPRESSIBLE SOLIDS; LINEAR TRIANGLES; FORMULATION; ELASTICITY AB A stabilized, nodally integrated linear tetrahedral is formulated and analysed. It is well known that linear tetrahedral elements perform poorly in problems with plasticity, nearly incompressible materials, and acute bending. For a variety of reasons, low-order tetrahedral elements are preferable to quadratic tetrahedral elements; particularly for nonlinear problems. But the severe locking problems of tetrahedrals have forced analysts to employ hexahedral formulations for most nonlinear problems. On the other hand, automatic mesh generation is often not feasible for building many 3D hexahedral meshes. A stabilized, nodally integrated linear tetrahedral is developed and shown to perform very well in problems with plasticity, nearly incompressible materials and acute bending. The formulation is analytically and numerically shown to be stable and optimally convergent for the compressible case provided sufficient smoothness of the exact solution u is an element of C-2 n (H-1)(3). Future work may extend the formulation to the incompressible regime and relax the regularity requirements; nonetheless, the results demonstrate that the method is not susceptible to locking and performs quite well in several standard linear and nonlinear benchmarks. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Puso, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM puso@llnl.gov NR 23 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD AUG 8 PY 2006 VL 67 IS 6 BP 841 EP 867 DI 10.1002/nme.1651 PG 27 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 070VV UT WOS:000239554700005 ER PT J AU Rottach, DR Curro, JG Budzien, J Grest, GS Svaneborg, C Everaers, R AF Rottach, Dana R. Curro, John G. Budzien, Joanne Grest, Gary S. Svaneborg, Carsten Everaers, Ralf TI Permanent set of cross-linking networks: Comparison of theory with molecular dynamics simulations SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL STRESS RELAXATION; LINKED POLYMER NETWORKS; RUBBER ELASTICITY; TOPOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS; DEFORMATION DEPENDENCE; CONCENTRATED-SOLUTIONS; STRAIN; MODEL; ELASTOMERS; MELTS AB The permanent set of cross-linking networks is studied by molecular dynamics. The uniaxial stress for a bead-spring polymer network is investigated as a function of strain and cross-link density history, where cross-links are introduced in unstrained and strained networks. The permanent set is found from the strain of the network after it returns to the state-of-ease where the stress is zero. The permanent set simulations are compared with theory using the independent network hypothesis, together with the various theoretical rubber elasticity theories: affine, phantom, constrained junction, slip-tube, and double-tube models. The slip-tube and double-tube models, which incorporate entanglement effects, are found to be in very good agreement with the simulations. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. RP Curro, JG (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM jgcurro@sandia.gov RI Budzien, Joanne/E-8315-2011; Everaers, Ralf/K-2228-2013; Rottach, Dana/E-8350-2010 OI Everaers, Ralf/0000-0002-6843-2753; Rottach, Dana/0000-0003-0459-5980 NR 47 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD AUG 8 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 16 BP 5521 EP 5530 DI 10.1021/ma060767x PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 068UU UT WOS:000239400800049 ER PT J AU Kasson, PM Kelley, NW Singhal, N Vrljic, M Brunger, AT Pande, VS AF Kasson, Peter M. Kelley, Nicholas W. Singhal, Nina Vrljic, Marija Brunger, Axel T. Pande, Vijay S. TI Ensemble molecular dynamics yields submillisecond kinetics and intermediates of membrane fusion SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Markovian state models; lipid membrane; reaction mechanism; computer simulation; vesicle ID INFLUENZA HEMAGGLUTININ; HEMIFUSION; MECHANISM; VESICLES; SIMULATIONS; VIRUS; MODEL; PORE; ENERGETICS; RELEASE AB Lipid membrane fusion is critical to cellular transport and signaling processes such as constitutive secretion, neurotransmitter release, and infection by enveloped viruses. Here, we introduce a powerful computational methodology for simulating membrane fusion from a starting configuration designed to approximate activated prefusion assemblies from neuronal and viral fusion, producing results on a time scale and degree of mechanistic detail not previously possible to our knowledge. We use an approach to the long time scale simulation of fusion by constructing a Markovian state model with large-scale distributed computing, yielding an understanding of fusion mechanisms on time scales previously impossible to simulate to our knowledge. Our simulation data suggest a branched pathway for fusion, in which a common stalk-like intermediate can either rapidly form a fusion pore or remain in a metastable hemifused state that slowly forms fully fused vesicles. This branched reaction pathway provides a mechanistic explanation both for the biphasic fusion kinetics and the stable hemifused intermediates previously observed experimentally. Our distributed computing and Markovian state model approaches provide sufficient sampling to detect rare transitions, a systematic process for analyzing reaction pathways, and the ability to develop quantitative approximations of reaction kinetics for fusion. C1 Stanford Univ, Biophys Program, Dept Comp Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Med Sci Training, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Pande, VS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Biophys Program, Dept Comp Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM pande@stanford.edu OI Brunger, Axel/0000-0001-5121-2036 FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH63105, R01 MH063105, R37 MH063105] NR 35 TC 96 Z9 100 U1 5 U2 27 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 8 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 32 BP 11916 EP 11921 DI 10.1073/pnas.0601597103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 072VU UT WOS:000239701900019 PM 16880392 ER PT J AU Edge, LF Schlom, DG Rivillon, S Chabal, YJ Agustin, MP Stemmer, S Lee, T Kim, MJ Craft, HS Maria, JP Hawley, ME Hollander, B Schubert, J Eisenbeiser, K AF Edge, L. F. Schlom, D. G. Rivillon, S. Chabal, Y. J. Agustin, M. P. Stemmer, S. Lee, T. Kim, M. J. Craft, H. S. Maria, J. -P. Hawley, M. E. Hollaender, B. Schubert, J. Eisenbeiser, K. TI Thermal stability of amorphous LaScO3 films on silicon SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-K DIELECTRICS; GATE OXIDES; THIN-FILMS; GROWTH AB The thermal stability of amorphous LaScO3 thin films deposited by molecular-beam deposition directly on (001) Si was investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), transmission infrared absorption spectroscopy (IRAS), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). IRAS indicated that the as-deposited films contained < 0.1 A of SiO2 at the interface between LaScO3 and silicon. XRD studies showed that the films remained amorphous after annealing in N-2 at 700 degrees C, although HRTEM showed structural order on an similar to 1 nm length scale even in the as-deposited films. By 800 degrees C, the LaScO3 had started to crystallize and formed a similar to 5 nm thick Sc-deficient interlayer between it and silicon. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Elect Engn, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, IBN1 IT, CNI, Inst Bio & Nanosyst, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Motorola Phys Sci Res Labs, PSRL, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. RP Edge, LF (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM schlom@ems.psu.edu RI Kim, Moon/A-2297-2010; Stemmer, Susanne/H-6555-2011; Chabal, Yves/A-5998-2011; Schlom, Darrell/J-2412-2013; Schubert, Jurgen/K-9543-2013 OI Stemmer, Susanne/0000-0002-3142-4696; Chabal, Yves/0000-0002-6435-0347; Schlom, Darrell/0000-0003-2493-6113; Schubert, Jurgen/0000-0003-0185-6794 NR 21 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 6 AR 062902 DI 10.1063/1.2222302 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 072RN UT WOS:000239690800075 ER PT J AU Marchioni, F Chiechi, R Patil, S Wudl, F Chen, Y Shinar, J AF Marchioni, F. Chiechi, R. Patil, S. Wudl, F. Chen, Y. Shinar, J. TI Absolute photoluminescence quantum yield enhancement of poly(2-methoxy 5-[2 '-ethylhexyloxy]-p-phenylenevinylene) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; MEH-PPV; AGGREGATION; POLYMER; DEVICES AB A twofold absolute photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) enhancement of poly(2-methoxy 5-[2(')-ethylhexyloxy]-p-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV) is demonstrated by simple preparation of films where the polymer is blended with the small organic molecule 7,8,10-triphenylfluoranthene (3PF). The photophysical investigation of this particular energy transfer process was carried out using steady state absorption/luminescence spectroscopy and optically detected magnetic resonance techniques. The enhanced PLQY is attributed to direct sensitization of the intrachain emitting state of MEH-PPV by energy transfer from 3PF. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Exot Mat Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wudl, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM wudl@chem.ucla.edu RI Patil, Satish/B-4691-2010; Chen, Yongsheng/D-3256-2011; Chiechi, Ryan/C-5920-2008 OI Chen, Yongsheng/0000-0003-1448-8177; NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 6 AR 061101 DI 10.1063/1.2335365 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 072RN UT WOS:000239690800001 ER PT J AU Berben, LA Faia, MC Crawford, NRM Long, JR AF Berben, Louise A. Faia, Mary C. Crawford, Nathan R. M. Long, Jeffrey R. TI Angle-dependent electronic effects in 4,4 '-bipyridine-bridged Ru-3 triangle and Ru-4 square complexes SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; MIXED-VALENCE COMPLEXES; APPROXIMATE COULOMB POTENTIALS; BRIDGED RUTHENIUM COMPLEXES; METAL-METAL INTERACTIONS; AUXILIARY BASIS-SETS; MOLECULAR SQUARE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PENTAAMMINERUTHENIUM(II) COMPLEXES; TETRANUCLEAR COMPLEXES AB Use of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (cyclen) as a capping ligand and 4,4'-bipyridine (4,4'-bpy) as a bridging ligand enables assembly of redox-active Ru-3 triangle and Ru-4 square complexes. The former is produced by reacting [(cyclen)Ru(DMSO)Cl]Cl with 4,4'-bpy in a 3:1 ethanol: water mixture to precipitate [(cyclen)(3)Ru-3(4,4'-bpy)(3)]Cl-6 center dot 18H(2)O center dot THF (4), whereas the latter is generated as [(cyclen)(4)Ru-4(4,4'-bpy)(4)](CF3SO3)(8)center dot 2CF(3)SO(3)H center dot 5MeOH (7) by reacting (cyclen)Ru(CF3SO3)(3) with 4,4'-bpy in methanol. The crystal structure of 4 center dot 11H(2)O reveals an equilateral triangle in which the 4,4'-bpy bridges are bowed outward, such that the pyridine rings are all forced to be perpendicular to the Ru3 triangle. Consequently, adjacent pyridine rings are essentially coplanar, and the cyclic voltammogram of [(cyclen)(3)Ru-3(4,4'-bpy)(3)](6+) in acetonitrile displays three distinct one-electron oxidation events. Cyclic voltammetry measurements reveal redox processes centered at E-1/2 = 0.207, 0.342, and 0.434 V versus Cp2Fe0/+ that are assigned to 6+/7+, 7+/8+, and 8+/9+ couples of the [(cyclen)(3)Ru-3(4,4'-bpy)(3)](n+) triangle, respectively. In contrast, the structure of [(cyclen)(4)Ru-4(4,4'-bpy)(4)](8+) features a regular square geometry wherein the rings of the bridging 4,4'-bpy ligands are free to rotate, leading to just one four-electron oxidation couple centered at 0.430 V. Density functional theory calculations performed on [(cyclen)(3)Ru-3(4,4'-bpy)(3)](6+) reveal metal-based orbitals with contributions from the pi system of the bridging 4,4(')-bpy ligands, providing a likely pathway for electron transfer. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Bekeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Long, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jrlong@berkeley.edu NR 105 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 16 BP 6378 EP 6386 DI 10.1021/ic060570l PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 068SI UT WOS:000239394300042 PM 16878949 ER PT J AU Custelcean, R Haverlock, TJ Moyer, BA AF Custelcean, Radu Haverlock, Tamara J. Moyer, Bruce A. TI Anion separation by selective crystallization of metal-organic frameworks SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-BONDING GROUPS; COORDINATION POLYMERS; SORPTION PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; NETWORK SOLIDS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; STORAGE; UREA; DESIGN; STRATEGIES AB A novel approach for the separation of anions from aqueous mixtures was demonstrated, which involves their selective crystallization with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) containing urea functional groups. Self-assembly of Zn2+ with the N, N'-bis(m-pyridyl) urea (BPU) linker results in the formation of one-dimensional MOFs including various anions for charge balance, which interact to different extents with the zinc nodes and the urea hydrogen-bonding groups, depending on their coordinating abilities. Thus, Cl-, Br-, I-, and SO42-,in the presence of BPU and Zn2+, form MOFs from water, in which the anions coordinate the zinc and are hydrogen-bonded to the urea groups, whereas NO3-and ClO4-anions either do not form MOFs or form water-soluble discrete coordination complexes under the same conditions. X-ray diffraction, FTIR, and elemental analysis of the coordination polymers precipitated from aqueous mixtures containing equivalent amounts of these anions indicated total exclusion of the oxoanions and selective crystallization of the halides in the form of solid solutions with the general composition ZnClxBryIz center dot BPU (x + y + z = 2), with an anti-Hofmeister selectivity. The concomitant inclusion of the halides in the same structural frameworks facilitates the rationalization of the observed selectivity on the basis of the diminishing interactions with the zinc and urea acidic centers in the MOFs when going from Cl- to I-, which correlates with decreasing anionic charge density in the same order. The overall crystal packing efficiency of the coordination frameworks, which ultimately determines their solubility, also plays an important role in the anion crystallization selectivity under thermodynamic equilibration. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Custelcean, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM custelceanr@ornl.gov RI Custelcean, Radu/C-1037-2009; Moyer, Bruce/L-2744-2016 OI Custelcean, Radu/0000-0002-0727-7972; Moyer, Bruce/0000-0001-7484-6277 NR 53 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 16 BP 6446 EP 6452 DI 10.1021/ic060958g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 068SI UT WOS:000239394300050 PM 16878957 ER PT J AU Liu, DJ Evans, JW AF Liu, Da-Jiang Evans, J. W. TI Chemical diffusion of CO in mixed CO+O adlayers and reaction-front propagation in CO oxidation on Pd(100) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LATTICE-GAS MODELS; SURFACE-REACTIONS; OXYGEN; TRANSITIONS; ADSORPTION; KINETICS; MOBILITY; BEHAVIOR; PHASE; FIELD AB Within the framework of a realistic atomistic lattice-gas model, we present the theoretical formulation and simulation procedures for precise analysis of the chemical diffusion flux of highly mobile CO within a nonuniform interacting mixed CO+O adlayer on a Pd(100) surface. The approach applies in both regimes of relatively immobile unequilibrated and fairly mobile near-equilibrated O adlayer distributions. Spatiotemporal behavior in surface reactions is controlled by chemical diffusion in mixed adlayers. Thus, we naturally integrate the above analysis with a previously developed multiscale modeling strategy to describe mesoscale reaction front propagation in CO oxidation on Pd(100). This treatment avoids using a simplified prescription of chemical diffusion and reaction kinetics as in traditional mean-field reaction-diffusion equation approaches. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Math, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Liu, DJ (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM dajiang@fi.ameslab.gov NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 125 IS 5 AR 054709 DI 10.1063/1.2221690 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 071BV UT WOS:000239573100048 PM 16942243 ER PT J AU Muller, RP Desjarlais, MP AF Muller, Richard P. Desjarlais, Michael P. TI Optimized effective potential from a correlated wave function: Optimized effective potential-generalized valence bond (OEP-GVB) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXACT-EXCHANGE; PERTURBATION-THEORY; DENSITY; SEMICONDUCTORS; APPROXIMATION; EIGENVALUES; LIMIT AB The optimized effective potential (OEP) method allows orbital-dependent functionals to be used in density functional theory. Traditionally the orbital-dependent functional of interest has been the Hartree-Fock energy, leading to exact exchange density functional theory. Here we present results that use a generalized valence-bond (GVB) wave function, a multiconfigurational wave function that includes static correlation and dissociates to the proper limits. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the OEP-GVB method by showing the dissociation of H-2 and the excitation spectrum of He. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Muller, RP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rmuller@sandia.gov NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 125 IS 5 AR 054101 DI 10.1063/1.2216701 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 071BV UT WOS:000239573100002 PM 16942197 ER PT J AU Taboada-Serrano, P Yiacoumi, S Tsouris, C AF Taboada-Serrano, Patricia Yiacoumi, Sotira Tsouris, Costas TI Electrostatic surface interactions in mixtures of symmetric and asymmetric electrolytes: A Monte Carlo study SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL DOUBLE-LAYER; SPHERICAL COLLOIDAL PARTICLES; POISSON-BOLTZMANN THEORY; CHARGED COLLOIDS; POROUS-MEDIA; MEAN FORCE; SIMULATION; AGGREGATION; DEPOSITION; MACROIONS AB Canonical Monte Carlo simulations of the interaction between a uniformly charged spherical particle and a discretely charged planar surface in solutions of symmetric and asymmetric electrolytes were performed. To assess the nature of the interactions, the force exerted on the colloidal particle perpendicular to the planar surface was calculated. Attractive minima in the interaction force between the similarly charged surfaces reveal the occurrence of two phenomena: long-range attraction of electrostatic origin and short-range attraction due to depletion effects. The degree of electrostatic coupling determines the magnitude and range of like-charge attraction between the two surfaces. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Taboada-Serrano, P (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM syiacoumi@ce.gatech.edu RI Taboada-Serrano, Patrica/F-4745-2012; Tsouris, Costas/C-2544-2016 OI Tsouris, Costas/0000-0002-0522-1027 NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 125 IS 5 AR 054716 DI 10.1063/1.2238869 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 071BV UT WOS:000239573100055 PM 16942250 ER PT J AU Richter, A Wolf, B Nowicki, M Smith, R Usov, IO Valdez, JA Sickafus, K AF Richter, A. Wolf, B. Nowicki, M. Smith, R. Usov, I. O. Valdez, J. A. Sickafus, K. TI Multi-cycling nanoindentation in MgO single crystals before and after ion irradiation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SENSING INDENTATION; ELASTIC-MODULUS; HARDNESS; MICROINDENTATION AB The paper presents a nanoindentation study of MgO single crystals before and after ion irradiation up to a fluence of 10(20) Ar+ m(-2). It is confirmed that crystalline MgO is a brittle material of comparatively high nanohardness, ranging from H = 12.5 to 14.5 GPa depending on surface orientation. The plastic deformation is based on a dislocation glide with formation of slip bands giving rise to piling up around the indent which is strongly related to the sample crystallography. Repeated loading - unloading cycles ( multi-cycling) revealed the appearance of hysteresis loops that are related to nanofracturing. Irradiation with 100 keV Ar+ ions resulted in a reproducible hardness increase to a value of H = 19 GPa independent of surface orientation. The indentation modulus E = 285 GPa remained unaffected by ion irradiation. Furthermore, no hysteresis loop in the force - displacement curve was formed with multi-cycling after implantation. This is explained in terms of point defect assisted plasticity: defect pinning will decrease the dislocation mobility and hence increase the hardness and also cause the sample to become less brittle resulting in a large decrease in nanocrack formations. In contrast to the dislocation glide, the point defect contribution to plastic deformation is almost orientation independent. This picture is supported by the orientation independent hardness as well as by the observation that ion irradiated samples exhibit a reduction in, and more homogeneously distributed, piling up around the indent. C1 Univ Appl Sci, Dept Engn, D-15745 Wildau, Germany. Univ Appl Sci Lausitz, Dept Elect Engn, D-01968 Senftenberg, Germany. Loughborough Univ Technol, Dept Math Sci, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Richter, A (reprint author), Univ Appl Sci, Dept Engn, Bahnhofstr 1, D-15745 Wildau, Germany. RI Smith, Roger/C-2550-2013; Nowicki, Marek/N-7220-2013 NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 EI 1361-6463 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 15 BP 3342 EP 3349 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/39/15/018 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 071DR UT WOS:000239578800032 ER PT J AU Evans, PG Isaacs, ED AF Evans, Paul G. Isaacs, Eric D. TI Magnetic x-ray microdiffraction SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID RESONANCE EXCHANGE SCATTERING; OUTERMOST ZONE WIDTH; SPIN-DENSITY-WAVE; K-EDGE; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; ANTIFERROMAGNETIC DOMAINS; POLARIZATION DEPENDENCE; FERROMAGNETIC IRON; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES AB Magnetic x-ray microdiffraction uses the structural specificity of x-ray diffraction to probe complex magnetic structures at the length scales relevant to physical phenomena including domain dynamics and phase transitions. Conventional magnetic crystallography techniques such as neutron or x-ray diffraction lack this spatial resolution. The combination of both reciprocal space and real space resolution with a rich magnetic cross section allows new microscopy techniques to be developed and applied to magnetism at the scale of single domains. Potential applications include a wide range of magnetic problems in nanomagnetism, the interaction of strain, polarization and magnetization in complex oxides and spatially resolved studies of magnetic phase transitions. We present the physical basis for x-ray microdiffraction and magnetic scattering processes, review microdiffraction domain imaging techniques in antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic materials and discuss potential directions for studies. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Comp Aided Engn Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Evans, PG (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Comp Aided Engn Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM evans@engr.wisc.edu RI Evans, Paul/A-9260-2009 OI Evans, Paul/0000-0003-0421-6792 NR 141 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 15 BP R245 EP R263 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/39/15/R01 PG 19 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 071DR UT WOS:000239578800014 ER PT J AU Busching, H AF Busching, H. CA PHENIX Collaborat TI Highlights from the PHENIX experiment - Part 2 SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY AUG 04-09, 2005 CL Budapest, HUNGARY ID COLLISIONS; LHC; SPS AB Recent results from the PHENIX experiment at RHIC are presented. In this second part of the overview we discuss new results on direct photon production at low PT in Au+Au collisions and a systematic study of J/psi production in various systems. Finally we summarize new results on the modification of jets in the medium. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Busching, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 774 BP 103 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.06.033 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 088MO UT WOS:000240816000012 ER PT J AU Dunlop, JC AF Dunlop, J. C. CA STAR Collaborat TI Hard probes with the STAR experiment SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY AUG 04-09, 2005 CL Budapest, HUNGARY ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; RADIATIVE ENERGY-LOSS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; HADRON SPECTRA; OPACITY; BDMPS AB Recent results on the use of hard probes in heavy ion collisions by the STAR experiment at RHIC are reviewed. The increased statistical reach from RHIC run 4 and utilization of the full capabilities of the STAR experiment have led to a qualitative improvement in these results. Light hadrons have been identified out to transverse momenta (PT) of 12 GeV/c, allowing for clear identification of the dominant processes governing particle production in different PT windows. Clean signatures of dijets have been seen even in central Au+Au collisions. Nuclear modification factors for non-photonic electrons, predominantly from the decay of heavy-flavored hadrons, have also been measured Out to PT of 8 GeV/c. For p(T) >similar to 6 GeV/c, inclusive spectra of all charged hadrons, including heavy-flavored ones, appear to be suppressed equally strongly (by a factor of four to five) in central Au+Au collisions relative to p+p collisions; interestingly enough, the probability of finding a hadron from a dijet partner is suppressed to this same level. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dunlop, JC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 774 BP 139 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.06.036 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 088MO UT WOS:000240816000015 ER PT J AU Wang, XN AF Wang, Xin-Nian TI Jet and leading hadron production in high-energy heavy-ion collisions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY AUG 04-09, 2005 CL Budapest, HUNGARY ID SCATTERING; SPECTRA; A+A AB Jet tomography has become a powerful tool for the study of properties of dense matter in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. I will discuss recent progresses in the phenomenological study of jet quenching, including momentum, colliding energy and nuclear size dependence of single hadron suppression, modification of dihadron correlations and the soft hadron distribution associated with a quenched jet. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Nucl Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, XN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Nucl Sci Div, MS R0319, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Wang, Xin-Nian/0000-0002-9734-9967 NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 774 BP 215 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.06.042 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 088MO UT WOS:000240816000022 ER PT J AU Jacobs, P van Leeuwen, M AF Jacobs, P. van Leeuwen, M. TI High p(T) in nuclear collisions at the SPS, RHIC, and LHC SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY AUG 04-09, 2005 CL Budapest, HUNGARY ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; RADIATIVE ENERGY-LOSS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; HADRON SPECTRA; QCD; PARTONS AB We review recent progress in the study of medium-induced modification of jet fragmentation in high energy nuclear collisions at the SPS and RHIC and present an outlook on jet physics at the LHC. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jacobs, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI van Leeuwen, Marco/0000-0002-5222-4888 NR 36 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 774 BP 237 EP 246 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.06.044 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 088MO UT WOS:000240816000024 ER PT J AU Sorensen, P AF Sorensen, P. TI Identified particle spectra and jet interactions with the medium SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY AUG 04-09, 2005 CL Budapest, HUNGARY ID MULTI-QUARK HADRONS; BARYON NUMBER; COLLISIONS; COLLABORATION; MESONS; PHENIX; MATTER; DECAY; AU AB Through a combination of detector upgrades and advancements in analysis techniques, physicist at RHIC are extending their ability to identify particles at high p(T). With these new capabilities some outstanding questions are being addressed: particularly regarding baryon production. Here I present an overview of new data on identified particle elliptic flow (nu(2)), identified particle p(T) spectra and identified hadron-hadron correlations. The observed phenomena provide insights into hard parton interactions with the bulk matter created in heavy-ion collisions and the relevant degrees-of-freedom during its early stages. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sorensen, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Sorensen, Paul/0000-0001-5056-9391 NR 46 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 774 BP 247 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.06.045 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 088MO UT WOS:000240816000025 ER PT J AU Molnar, D AF Molnar, Denes TI Parton cascade and coalescence SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY AUG 04-09, 2005 CL Budapest, HUNGARY ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; RADIATIVE ENERGY-LOSS; ELLIPTIC FLOW; PION INTERFEROMETRY; STRANGE PARTICLES; RECOMBINATION; DYNAMICS; MESON; AU AB This is a review of the parton cascade approach and its implications to parton coalescence at RHIC. C1 Ohio State Univ, Phys Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Purdue Univ, Phys Dept, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Molnar, D (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Phys Dept, 191 W Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 67 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 774 BP 257 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.06.046 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 088MO UT WOS:000240816000026 ER PT J AU Kharzeev, D AF Kharzeev, D. TI Quantum black holes and thermalization in relativistic heavy ion collisions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY AUG 04-09, 2005 CL Budapest, HUNGARY ID HIGH-ENERGIES; ELECTRONS; CREATION AB A new thermalization scenario for heavy ion collisions is discussed. It is based on the Hawking-Unruh effect: an observer moving with an acceleration a experiences the influence of a thermal bath with an effective temperature T = a/2 pi, similar to the one present in the vicinity of a black hole horizon. In the case of heavy ion collisions, the acceleration is caused by a pulse of chromo-electric field E - Q(s)(2)/g (Q(s) is the saturation scale, and g is the strong coupling), the typical acceleration is a Q,, and the heat bath temperature is T similar or equal to Q(s)/2 pi similar to 200 MeV. In nuclear collisions at sufficiently high energies the effect can induce a rapid thermalization over the time period of tau similar to pi/Q(s) accompanied by phase transitions. A specific example of chiral symmetry restoration induced by the chromo-electric field is considered; it is mathematically analogous to the phase transition occurring in the vicinity of a black hole. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Phys Dept, Nucl Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kharzeev, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Phys Dept, Nucl Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 774 BP 315 EP 324 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.06.051 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 088MO UT WOS:000240816000032 ER PT J AU Oldenburg, M AF Oldenburg, M. CA STAR Collaboration TI Azimuthal anisotropy of identified hadrons in 200 GeV Au+Au collisions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY AUG 04-09, 2005 CL Budapest, HUNGARY AB The azimuthal anisotropy parameter v(2) has been measured with high statistics for identified hadrons in root s(NN) = 200 GeV Au+Au collisions with the STAR experiment. At high transverse momentum (PT) a strong v(2) for pi(+) + pi(-) and p + p is observed. In the intermediate PT region, number-of-constituent-quark scaling was tested to high precision. A detailed comparison Of v(2) for the multi-strange hadrons phi, Xi(-) + Xi(+), and Omega(-) + Omega(+) with other particle species substantiates the development of collectivity among partons in the early phase of the collisions at RHIC. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Oldenburg, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 774 BP 507 EP 510 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.06.076 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 088MO UT WOS:000240816000058 ER PT J AU Ito, H AF Ito, H. CA BRAHMS Collaboration TI Rapidity dependence of pion elliptic flow SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY AUG 04-09, 2005 CL Budapest, HUNGARY ID RELATIVISTIC NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; PLUS AU COLLISIONS; TRANSITION; EXPANSION; BRAHMS AB This paper shows the preliminary results on charged hadron and identified pion elliptic flow obtained by BRAHMS during the RHIC RUN 4 of AuAu at root s(NN), = 200 GeV. It is shown that the dependence of the elliptic flow on transverse momentum is quite large at both mid- and forward rapidities. The p(T) differential v(2) is found to have a very small dependence on pseudorapidity. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ito, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 774 BP 519 EP 522 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.06.078 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 088MO UT WOS:000240816000061 ER PT J AU Majumder, A Koch, V Wang, XN AF Majumder, A. Koch, V. Wang, X. -N. TI Two particle correlations in jets and triggered distributions in hot and cold matter SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY AUG 04-09, 2005 CL Budapest, HUNGARY ID PARTON ENERGY-LOSS; NUCLEAR ENVIRONMENT; SCATTERING; FRAGMENTATION AB The modification of the correlation between high PT particles produced in association with trigger particles from jets emanating from a heavy-ion collision is shown to be a valuable probe of the matter produced in such collisions. While the minimal modification on the same side as the trigger is consistent with the picture and parameters of partonic energy loss, the possible observation of Cherenkov like correlations on the away side leads to the possibility of the existence of composite structures in the excited matter. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Majumder, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Wang, Xin-Nian/0000-0002-9734-9967 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 774 BP 561 EP 564 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.06.087 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 088MO UT WOS:000240816000071 ER PT J AU Karsch, F Ejiri, S Redlich, K AF Karsch, F. Ejiri, S. Redlich, K. TI Hadronic fluctuations in the QGP SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY AUG 04-09, 2005 CL Budapest, HUNGARY ID LATTICE QCD; THERMODYNAMICS; DENSITY AB We analyze fluctuations of quark number and electric charge, in 2-flavour QCD at finite temperature and vanishing net baryon number density. In the hadronic phase we find that an enhancement of charge fluctuations arises from contributions of doubly charged hadrons to the thermodynamics. The rapid suppression of fluctuations seen in the high temperature phase suggests that in the QGP quark number and electric charge are predominantly carried by quasi-particles with the quantum numbers of quarks. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. CERN, Div Theory, Dept Phys, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Karsch, F (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 774 BP 619 EP 622 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.06.099 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 088MO UT WOS:000240816000085 ER PT J AU Steinberg, P AF Steinberg, Peter CA PHOBOS Collaboration TI Forward-backward multiplicity correlations in root S-NN=200 GeV Au+Au collisions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY AUG 04-09, 2005 CL Budapest, HUNGARY ID PBARP-COLLISIONS AB Forward-backward correlations of charged-particle multiplicities in symmetric bins in pseudorapidity are studied in order to gain insight into the underlying correlation structure of particle production in Au+Au collisions. The PHOBOS detector is used to measure integrated multiplicities in bins defined within vertical bar eta vertical bar < 3, centered at eta and covering an interval Delta eta. The variance sigma(2)(C) of a suitably defined forward-backward asymmetry variable is calculated as a function of eta, Delta eta, and centrality. It is found to be sensitive to short range correlations, and the concept of "clustering" is used to interpret comparisons to phenomenological models. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Steinberg, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 774 BP 631 EP 634 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.06.102 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 088MO UT WOS:000240816000088 ER PT J AU Bass, SA Fries, RJ Muller, B AF Bass, S. A. Fries, R. J. Mueller, B. TI Correlations in the parton recombination model SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY AUG 04-09, 2005 CL Budapest, HUNGARY ID RADIATIVE ENERGY-LOSS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; AU+AU COLLISIONS; OPACITY; QCD AB We describe how parton recombination can address the recent measurement of dynamical jet-like two particle correlations. In addition we discuss the possible effect realistic light-cone wave-functions including higher Fock-states may have on the well-known elliptic flow valence-quark number scaling law. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Bass, SA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. OI Bass, Steffen/0000-0002-9451-0954 NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 774 BP 635 EP 638 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.06.103 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 088MO UT WOS:000240816000089 ER PT J AU Koch, V Majumder, A Randrup, J AF Koch, Volker Majumder, Abhijit Randrup, Jorgen TI Strangeness trapping SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY AUG 04-09, 2005 CL Budapest, HUNGARY ID QCD AB If the deconfinement phase transformation of strongly interacting matter is of first-order and the expanding chromodynamic matter created in a high-energy nuclear collision enters the corresponding region of phase coexistence, a spinodal phase separation might occur. The matter would then condense into a number of separate blobs, each having a particular net strangeness that would remain approximately conserved during the further evolution. We investigate the effect that such strangeness trapping may have on strangeness-related hadronic observables. The kaon multiplicity fluctuations are significantly enhanced and thus provide a possible tool for probing the nature of the phase transition experimentally. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Koch, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 774 BP 643 EP 646 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.06.105 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 088MO UT WOS:000240816000091 ER PT J AU Vogt, R Cacciari, M Nason, P AF Vogt, R. Cacciari, M. Nason, P. TI QCD predictions of heavy quark production at RHIC SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY AUG 04-09, 2005 CL Budapest, HUNGARY ID HADRONIC COLLISIONS; CROSS-SECTION; OPEN CHARM AB We make up-to-date QCD predictions for heavy flavor production in root S = 200 GeV pp collisions at RHIC. We also calculate the electron spectrum from heavy flavor decays to directly compare to the data. A rigorous benchmark, including the theoretical uncertainties, is established against which nuclear collision data can be compared to obtain evidence for dense matter effects. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Paris 06, LPTHE, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Vogt, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Nason, Paolo/0000-0001-9250-246X NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 774 BP 661 EP 664 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.06.109 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 088MO UT WOS:000240816000095 ER PT J AU Butsyk, SA AF Butsyk, Sergey A. CA PHENIX Collaboration TI PHENIX results on open heavy flavor production and flow in Au+Au collisions at root S-NN=200 GeV SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY AUG 04-09, 2005 CL Budapest, HUNGARY AB The paper presents recent PHENIX results for the nuclear modification factor R-AA in An + Au Collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV for the electrons originating from semi-leptonic decays of open heavy flavor carrying particles. We also report the results of the azimuthal asymmetry (upsilon(2)) measurement for those electrons, which is directly related to the heavy quark elliptic flow. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Butsyk, SA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS H846 P-25 LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 774 BP 669 EP 672 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.06.111 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 088MO UT WOS:000240816000097 ER PT J AU Djordjevic, M Gyulassy, M Vogt, R Wicks, S AF Djordjevic, Magdalena Gyulassy, Miklos Vogt, Ramona Wicks, Simon TI The single electron puzzle at RHIC SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY AUG 04-09, 2005 CL Budapest, HUNGARY ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; ENERGY-LOSS; JET TOMOGRAPHY; COLLISIONS; COLLABORATION; PERSPECTIVE; PHYSICS; MATTER; CHARM AB We apply the DGLV theory of radiative energy loss to compute single electron suppression in Au+Au collisions at root s = 200 AGeV. We show that single electrons in the range 5 < p(T) < 10 GeV are dominated by bottom quark decays rather than the more strongly quenched charm quarks and cannot be neglected in the computation of single electron suppression. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Djordjevic, M (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 774 BP 689 EP 692 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.06.115 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 088MO UT WOS:000240816000102 ER PT J AU Xie, W AF Xie, W. CA PHENIX Collaboration TI Study of J/psi production in root s(NN)=200 GeV p+p and d+Au collisions in PHENIX SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY AUG 04-09, 2005 CL Budapest, HUNGARY ID SUPPRESSION AB J/psi measurements in p+p and d+Au collisions serve as crucial references to understand the J/psi production in Au+Au collisions at RHIC where quark gluon plasma (QGP) is expected to be formed. It also provides important clues to study various interesting phenomena such as the gluon shadowing and color glass condensate. We report the latest results from PHENIX experiment on J/psi production in p+p and d+Au collisions at forward, backward and midrapidity. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Xie, W (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 774 BP 693 EP 696 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.06.116 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 088MO UT WOS:000240816000103 ER PT J AU Zhang, HB AF Zhang, Haibin TI Open charm production in root s(NN)=200 GeV Au+Au collisions at STAR SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY AUG 04-09, 2005 CL Budapest, HUNGARY AB We present first results on D-0 meson production via direct reconstruction of its hadronic decay channel D-0 -> K pi in minimum bias Au+Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV with p(T) up to similar to 3 GeV/c. Single electron(2) spectra with 1 < p(T) < 4 GeV/c from the charm semi-leptonic decays are also analyzed from the same data set. The charm production total cross-section per nucleon-nucleon collision is measured to be 1.11 +/- 0.08(stat.) 0.42(sys.) mb in minimum bias Au+Au collisions, which is consistent with the N-bin scaling compared to d+Au collisions. The nuclear modification factors of the single electrons in minimum bias and 0-20% Au+Au collisions are significantly below unity at 1 < p(T) < 4 GeV/c. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhang, HB (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM haibin@bnl.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 774 BP 701 EP 704 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.06.118 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 088MO UT WOS:000240816000105 ER PT J AU Bathe, S AF Bathe, S. CA PHENIX Collaboration TI Direct photons in 200 GeV p+p, d+Au, and Au+Au from PHENIX SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY AUG 04-09, 2005 CL Budapest, HUNGARY AB Direct photons were measured with the PHENIX experiment in p + p, d+Au, and Au+Au at root s(NN) = 200 GeV. To tackle the PT region below 5 GeV/c, direct Photons were measured through their internal conversion into e(+)e(-) in Au+Au collisions. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Bathe, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 510 C, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 774 BP 731 EP 734 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.06.125 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 088MO UT WOS:000240816000112 ER PT J AU Petreczky, P Petrov, K Teaney, D Velytsky, A AF Petreczky, P. Petrov, K. Teaney, D. Velytsky, A. TI Heavy quark diffusion and lattice correlators SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY AUG 04-09, 2005 CL Budapest, HUNGARY AB We study charmonia correlators at finite temperature. We analyze to what extent, heavy quarkonia correlators are sensitive to the effect of heavy quark transport. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11764 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Petreczky, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 774 BP 765 EP 768 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.06.132 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 088MO UT WOS:000240816000120 ER PT J AU Fujii, H Gelis, F Venugopalan, R AF Fujii, H. Gelis, F. Venugopalan, R. TI Violation of k(perpendicular to) factorization in quark production from the Color Glass Condensate SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY AUG 04-09, 2005 CL Budapest, HUNGARY ID ENERGY PA-COLLISIONS; NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; GLUON PRODUCTION AB We examine the violation of the k(perpendicular to) factorization approximation for quark production in high energy proton-nucleus collisions. We comment on its implications for the open charm and quarkonium production in collider experiments. C1 Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys, Tokyo 1538902, Japan. CEA, DSM, SPhT, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fujii, H (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys, 4-6-1 Komaba, Tokyo 1538902, Japan. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 774 BP 793 EP 796 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.06.137 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 088MO UT WOS:000240816000126 ER PT J AU Ejiri, S Allton, CR Doring, M Hands, SJ Kaczmarek, O Karsch, F Laermann, E Redlich, K AF Ejiri, S. Allton, C. R. Doering, M. Hands, S. J. Kaczmarek, O. Karsch, F. Laermann, E. Redlich, K. TI The QCD equation of state for two flavours at non-zero chemical potential SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY AUG 04-09, 2005 CL Budapest, HUNGARY AB We present results of a simulation of 2 flavour QCD on a 16(3) x 4 lattice using p4-improved staggered fermions with bare quark mass m/T = 0.4. Derivatives of the thermodynamic grand canonical partition function Z(V,T,mu(mu,) mu(d)) with respect to chemical potentials mu(mu,d) for different quark flavours are calculated up to sixth order, enabling estimates of the pressure and the quark number density as well as the chiral condensate and various susceptibilities as functions Of mu(mu,d) via Taylor series expansion. Results are compared to high temperature perturbation theory as well as a hadron resonance gas model. We also analyze baryon as well as isospin fluctuations and discuss the relation to the chiral critical point in the QCD phase diagram. We moreover discuss the dependence of the heavy quark free energy on the chemical potential. C1 Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Wales Swansea, Dept Phys, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Wroclaw, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-50204 Wroclaw, Poland. CERN, Dept Phys, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RP Ejiri, S (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RI Kaczmarek, Olaf/E-9932-2011; OI Hands, Simon/0000-0001-5720-7852 NR 4 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 774 BP 837 EP 840 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.06.023 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 088MO UT WOS:000240816000136 ER PT J AU Koch, V Majumder, A Randrup, J AF Koch, V. Majumder, A. Randrup, J. TI Baryon-strangeness correlations: a diagnostic of strongly interacting matter SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY AUG 04-09, 2005 CL Budapest, HUNGARY AB The correlation between baryon number and strangeness elucidates the nature of strongly interacting matter. This diagnostic can be extracted theoretically from lattice QCD calculations and experimentally from event-by-event fluctuations. The analysis of present lattice results above the critical temperature severely limits the presence of q (q) over bar bound states, thus supporting a picture of independent (quasi)quarks. Details may be found in [1]. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Koch, V (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 774 BP 841 EP 844 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.06.147 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 088MO UT WOS:000240816000137 ER PT J AU Ravinovich, I Azmoun, B Baksay, L Chi, CY Drees, A Dubey, A Fraenkel, Z Franz, J Grosse-Perdekamp, M Hamagaki, H Harder, J Hemmick, T Hohlmann, M Hutter, R Jacak, B Kawall, D Kozlov, A Lynch, D McCumber, M Milov, A Naglis, M O'Connor, P Oda, S Ozawa, K Pisani, R Radeka, V Rembeczki, S Sharma, D Sickles, A Toia, A Tserruy, I Woody, C Yu, B AF Ravinovich, I. Azmoun, B. Baksay, L. Chi, C. Y. Drees, A. Dubey, A. Fraenkel, Z. Franz, J. Grosse-Perdekamp, M. Hamagaki, H. Harder, J. Hemmick, T. Hohlmann, M. Hutter, R. Jacak, B. Kawall, D. Kozlov, A. Lynch, D. McCumber, M. Milov, A. Naglis, M. O'Connor, P. Oda, S. Ozawa, K. Pisani, R. Radeka, V. Rembeczki, S. Sharma, D. Sickles, A. Toia, A. Tserruy, I. Woody, C. Yu, B. TI A hadron blind detector for the PHENIX experiment at RHIC SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY AUG 04-09, 2005 CL Budapest, HUNGARY ID AU COLLISIONS; GEM AB A novel Hadron Blind Detector (HBD) has been developed for an upgrade of the PHENIX experiment at RHIC. The HBD will allow a precise measurement of electron-positron pairs from the decay of the light vector mesons and the low-mass pair continuum in heavy ion collisions. The detector consists of a 50 cm long radiator filled with pure CF4 and directly coupled in a windowless configuration to a triple Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detector with a CsI photocathode evaporated on the top face of the first GEM foil. C1 Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 1620044, Japan. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Ravinovich, I (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RI HAMAGAKI, HIDEKI/G-4899-2014 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 774 BP 903 EP 906 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.06.162 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 088MO UT WOS:000240816000152 ER PT J AU Schweda, K AF Schweda, K. CA STAR Collaboration TI A heavy flavor tracker for STAR SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY AUG 04-09, 2005 CL Budapest, HUNGARY ID COLLISIONS; CHARM AB We propose to construct a heavy flavor tracker for the STAR experiment at RHIC in order to measure the elliptic flow of charmed hadrons in the low p(T) region and identify B-meson contributions in the region p(T) > 4 GeV/c. In this talk, we will present the design of the detector in-depth and its expected performance as studied in detailed simulations and analytic calculations. Physics potentials of the detector will also be discussed. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schweda, K (reprint author), Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys, Philosophenweg 12, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 774 BP 907 EP 910 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.06.163 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 088MO UT WOS:000240816000153 ER PT J AU Streets, DG Wu, Y Chin, M AF Streets, David G. Wu, Ye Chin, Mian TI Two-decadal aerosol trends as a likely explanation of the global dimming/brightening transition SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE SOLAR-RADIATION; CARBON EMISSIONS; ART.; REDUCTIONS; INVENTORY; BLACK AB Global average trends in solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface show a transition from dimming to brightening that occurred in about 1990. We show that the inter-annual trend in solar radiation between 1980 and 2000 mirrors the trend in primary emissions of SO2 and black carbon, which together contribute about one-third of global average aerosol optical depth. Combined global emissions of these two species peaked in 1988 - 1989. The two-decadal rate of decline in aerosol loading resulting from these emission changes, 0.13% yr(-1), can be compared with the reported increase in solar radiation of 0.10% yr(-1) in 1983 - 2001. Regional patterns of aerosol and radiation changes are also qualitatively consistent. We conclude that changes in the aerosol burden due to changing patterns of anthropogenic emissions are likely contributing to the trends in surface solar radiation. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Streets, DG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, DIS-900,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dstreets@anl.gov RI Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Wu, Ye/O-9779-2015; OI Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 20 TC 145 Z9 155 U1 3 U2 39 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 5 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 15 AR L15806 DI 10.1029/2006GL026471 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 071JG UT WOS:000239597000006 ER PT J AU Jacob, GC Starbuck, JM Fellers, JF Simunovic, S Boeman, RG AF Jacob, GC Starbuck, JM Fellers, JF Simunovic, S Boeman, RG TI Crashworthiness of various random chopped carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite materials and their strain rate dependence SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE strain rate; crashworthiness; energy absorption; composite materials; crush testing; plates; chopped fiber; carbon; epoxy P4 ID ENERGY-ABSORPTION; TUBES; COLLAPSE; PLATES; SPEED AB The ACC (Automotive Composite Consortium) is interested in investigating the use of random chopped fiber reinforced composites as crash energy absorbers primarily because of the low costs involved in their manufacture thus making them cost effective for automotive applications. Although many scientists have investigated the energy absorption characteristics in various continuous fiber reinforced composite materials and their dependence on strain rate, there is very little literature available on the energy absorption and crushing characteristics of random chopped fiber reinforced composite materials and their strain rate dependence. Therefore, the primary goal was to determine the crashworthiness of various random chopped carbon fiber composite material systems. To meet this goal, first an experimental set up was developed for discerning the deformation behavior and damage mechanisms that occur during the progressive crushing of composite materials. The three different random chopped carbon reinforced epoxy composite material systems studied were P4, HexMC, and CCS100. Quasi-static progressive crush tests were then performed on these random chopped carbon fiber composite plates to determine their crashworthiness. In addition, an attempt was made to investigate and characterize the strain rate effects on the energy absorption of a random chopped carbon fiber P4 composite. The specific energy absorption was found to increase with increasing loading rate from 15.2 to 762 cm/min. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Polymer Matrix Composites Grp, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jacob, GC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 434 Dougherty Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM gjacob@utk.edu RI Starbuck, James/E-1442-2017 OI Starbuck, James/0000-0002-3814-9156 NR 30 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 20 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD AUG 5 PY 2006 VL 101 IS 3 BP 1477 EP 1486 DI 10.1002/app.24224 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 058AU UT WOS:000238637300031 ER PT J AU Soukoulis, CM Kafesaki, M Economou, EN AF Soukoulis, Costas M. Kafesaki, Maria Economou, Eleftherios N. TI Negative-index materials: New frontiers in optics SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Review ID PHOTONIC-BAND-GAP; LEFT-HANDED METAMATERIALS; LOW-FREQUENCY PLASMONS; SPLIT-RING RESONATORS; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; CRYSTALS; TRANSMISSION; PERMEABILITY; COMPOSITES AB A lot of recent interest has been focused on a new class of materials, 0 the so-called left-handed materials (LHMs) or negative-index materials, which exhibit highly unusual electromagnetic properties and hold promise for new device applications. These materials do not exist in nature and can only be fabricated artificially; for this reason, they are called metamaterials. Their unique properties are not determined by the fundamental physical properties of their constituents, but rather by the shape and distribution of the specific patterns included in them. Metamaterials can be designed to exhibit both electric and magnetic resonances that can be separately tuned to occur in frequency bands from megahertz to terahertz frequencies, and hopefully to the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. This article presents a short history of the field, describes the underlying physics, and reviews the experimental and theoretical status of the field at present. Many interesting questions on how to fabricate more isotropic LHMs, on how to push the operational frequency to optical wavelengths, how to reduce the losses, and how to incorporate active or nonlinear materials in LHMs remain to be explored further. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. FORTH, IESL, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. Univ Crete, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Iraklion 2208, Crete, Greece. Univ Crete, Dept Phys, Iraklion 2208, Crete, Greece. FORTH, IESL, Iraklion 2208, Crete, Greece. RP Soukoulis, CM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM soukouli@iastate.edu RI Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008; Economou, Eleftherios /E-6374-2010; Kafesaki, Maria/E-6843-2012 OI Kafesaki, Maria/0000-0002-9524-2576 NR 73 TC 134 Z9 137 U1 6 U2 85 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 EI 1521-4095 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD AUG 4 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 15 BP 1941 EP 1952 DI 10.1002/adma.200600106 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 076FK UT WOS:000239942200001 ER PT J AU Bilodeau, RC Walter, CW Dumitriu, I Gibson, ND Ackerman, GD Bozek, JD Rude, BS Santra, R Cederbaum, LS Berrah, N AF Bilodeau, R. C. Walter, C. W. Dumitriu, I. Gibson, N. D. Ackerman, G. D. Bozek, J. D. Rude, B. S. Santra, R. Cederbaum, L. S. Berrah, N. TI Photo double detachment of CN-: Electronic decay from an inner-valence hole in molecular anions SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; NEGATIVE-IONS; CO; PHOTOIONIZATION; IONIZATION; SHELL; PHOTODETACHMENT; FRAGMENTATION; RESONANCES AB The first measurements of inner-valence photodetachment from a molecular negative ion are presented. Experimental and theoretical studies of CN- photodetachment around the 2-electron threshold (25-90 eV) are reported. Included are measured absolute cross sections for CN+ production by photo double detachment of CN-, and for C+ and N+ fragments produced from the dissociation of the excited molecule. The measurements also reveal the signature of inner-valence autoionization, similar to the interatomic Coulombic decay (ICD) phenomenon. This work confirms the predicted effect, which should in general be present for molecular anions, even in very small molecules. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Denison Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Granville, OH 43023 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Chem Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Bilodeau, RC (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. EM rcbilodeau@lbl.gov RI Bozek, John/E-4689-2010; Bozek, John/E-9260-2010; Santra, Robin/E-8332-2014; OI Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238; Santra, Robin/0000-0002-1442-9815; Bilodeau, Rene/0000-0001-8607-2328 NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 4 PY 2006 VL 426 IS 4-6 BP 237 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.05.127 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 070WB UT WOS:000239555500001 ER PT J AU Boon, EM Davis, JH Tran, R Karow, DS Huang, SH Pan, DH Miazgowicz, MM Mathies, RA Marletta, MA AF Boon, Elizabeth M. Davis, Joseph H. Tran, Rosalie Karow, David S. Huang, Shirley H. Pan, Duohai Miazgowicz, Michael M. Mathies, Richard A. Marletta, Michael A. TI Nitric oxide binding to prokaryotic homologs of the soluble guanylate cyclase beta 1 H-NOX domain SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; CARBON-MONOXIDE; CYTOCHROME-C'; HEME DOMAINS; ACTIVATION; DISSOCIATION; BOND; NITROSYLHEMOGLOBIN; 5-COORDINATE; PROTEINS AB The heme cofactor in soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is a selective receptor for NO, an important signaling molecule in eukaryotes. The sGC heme domain has been localized to the N-terminal 194 amino acids of the beta 1 subunit of sGC and is a member of a family of conserved hemoproteins, called the H-NOX family (Heme-Nitric Oxide and/or OXygen-binding domain). Three new members of this family have now been cloned and characterized, two proteins from Legionella pneumophila (L1 H-NOX and L2 H-NOX) and one from Nostoc punctiforme (Np H-NOX). Like sGC, L1 H-NOX forms a 5-coordinate Fe-II-NO complex. However, both L2 H-NOX and Np H-NOX form temperature-dependent mixtures of 5- and 6- coordinate Fe-II-NO complexes; at low temperature, they are primarily 6- coordinate, and at high temperature, the equilibrium is shifted toward a 5- coordinate geometry. This equilibrium is fully reversible with temperature in the absence of free NO. This process is analyzed in terms of a thermally labile proximal Fe-II-His bond and suggests that in both the 5- and 6- coordinate Fe-II-NO complexes of L2 H-NOX and Np H-NOX, NO is bound in the distal heme pocket of the H-NOX fold. NO dissociation kinetics for L1 H-NOX and L2 H-NOX have been determined and support a model in which NO dissociates from the distal side of the heme in both 5- and 6- coordinate complexes. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys Biosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Michigan, Program Mol & Cellular Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Marletta, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM marletta@berkeley.edu OI Davis, Joseph/0000-0002-8858-8907 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM070671] NR 37 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD AUG 4 PY 2006 VL 281 IS 31 BP 21892 EP 21902 DI 10.1074/jbc.M600557200 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 068PO UT WOS:000239387100036 PM 16728401 ER PT J AU Papenbrock, T Pluhar, Z Weidenmuller, HA AF Papenbrock, T. Pluhar, Z. Weidenmueller, H. A. TI Level repulsion in constrained Gaussian random-matrix ensembles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND GENERAL LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SYSTEMS; UNITARY-GROUP; DISTRIBUTIONS; INTEGRALS; QCD AB Introducing sets of constraints, we define new classes of random-matrix ensembles, the constrained Gaussian unitary (CGUE) and the deformed Gaussian unitary (DGUE) ensembles. The latter interpolate between the GUE and the CGUE. We derive a sufficient condition for GUE-type level repulsion to persist in the presence of constraints. For special classes of constraints, we extend this approach to the orthogonal and to the symplectic ensembles. A generalized Fourier theorem relates the spectral properties of the constraining ensembles with those of the constrained ones. We find that in the DGUEs, level repulsion always prevails at a sufficiently short distance and may be lifted only in the limit of strictly enforced constraints. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Inst Nucl & Particle Phys, CR-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Papenbrock, T (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. OI Papenbrock, Thomas/0000-0001-8733-2849 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0305-4470 J9 J PHYS A-MATH GEN JI J. Phys. A-Math. Gen. PD AUG 4 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 31 BP 9709 EP 9726 DI 10.1088/0305-4470/39/31/004 PG 18 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 069UC UT WOS:000239472800007 ER PT J AU Callister, SJ Dominguez, MA Nicora, CD Zeng, XH Tavano, CL Kaplan, S Donohue, TJ Smith, RD Lipton, MS AF Callister, Stephen J. Dominguez, Miguel A. Nicora, Carrie D. Zeng, Xiaohua Tavano, Christine L. Kaplan, Samuel Donohue, Timothy J. Smith, Richard D. Lipton, Mary S. TI Application of the accurate mass and time tag approach to the proteome analysis of sub-cellular fractions obtained from Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1. aerobic and photosynthetic cell cultures SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Rhodobacter sphaeroides; comparative proteomics; Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS); localization ID RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-SPHAEROIDES; PURPLE BACTERIA; SCALE ANALYSIS; LOCALIZATION; STRATEGY; IDENTIFICATION; SPECTROMETRY; INFORMATION; VALIDATION; EXPRESSION AB The high-throughput accurate mass and time (AMT) tag proteomic approach was utilized to characterize the proteomes for cytoplasm, cytoplasmic membrane, periplasm, and outer membrane fractions from aerobic and photosynthetic cultures of the gram-nagtive bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1. In addition, we analyzed the proteins within purified chromatophore fractions that house the photosynthetic apparatus from photosynthetically grown cells. In total, 8300 peptides were identified with high confidence from at least one subcellular fraction from either cell culture. These peptides were derived from 1514 genes or 35% percent of proteins predicted to be encoded by the genome. A significant number of these proteins were detected within a single subcellular fraction and their localization was compared to in silico predictions. However, the majority of proteins were observed in multiple subcellular fractions, and the most likely subcellular localization for these proteins was investigated using a Z-score analysis of estimated protein abundance along with clustering techniques. Good (81%) agreement was observed between the experimental results and in silico predictions. The AMT tag approach provides localization evidence for those proteins that have no predicted localization information, those annotated as putative proteins, and/or for those proteins annotated as hypothetical and conserved hypothetical. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Genet, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Lipton, MS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mail Stop K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mary.lipton@pnl.gov RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Donohue, Timothy/0000-0001-8738-2467 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM015590, GM15590, R01 GM075273, R01 GM075273-01A1] NR 34 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD AUG 4 PY 2006 VL 5 IS 8 BP 1940 EP 1947 DI 10.1021/pr060050o PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 070AW UT WOS:000239493700014 PM 16889416 ER PT J AU Adler, SS Afanasiev, S Aidala, C Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Alexander, J Amirikas, R Aphecetche, L Aronson, SH Averbeck, R Awes, TC Azmoun, R Babintsev, V Baldisseri, A Barish, KN Barnes, PD Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Batsouli, S Baublis, V Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Berdnikov, Y Bhagavatula, S Boissevain, JG Borel, H Borenstein, S Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, JM Butsyk, S Camard, X Chai, JS Chand, P Chang, WC Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choi, IJ Choi, J Choudhury, RK Chujo, T Cianciolo, V Cobigo, Y Cole, BA Constantin, P d'Enterria, D David, G Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Devismes, A Dietzsch, O Drapier, O Drees, A du Rietz, R Durum, A Dutta, D Efremenko, YV El Chenawi, K Enokizono, A En'yo, H Esumi, S Ewell, L Fields, DE Fleuret, F Fokin, SL Fox, BD Fraenkel, Z Frantz, JE Franz, A Frawley, AD Fung, SY Garpman, S Ghosh, TK Glenn, A Gogiberidze, G Gonin, M Gosset, J Goto, Y de Cassagnac, RG Grau, N Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Guryn, W Gustafsson, HA Hachiya, T Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hartouni, EP Harvey, M Hayano, R Hayashi, N He, X Heffner, M Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hibino, M Hill, JC Holzmann, W Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Ichihara, T Ikonnikov, VV Imai, K Isenhower, D Ishihara, M Issah, M Isupov, A Jacak, BV Jang, WY Jeong, Y Jia, J Jinnouchi, O Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Jouan, D Kametani, S Kamihara, N Kang, JH Kapoor, SS Katou, K Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DH Kim, DJ Kim, DW Kim, E Kim, GB Kim, HJ Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Kiyoyama, K Klein-Boesing, C Kobayashi, H Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Koehler, D Kohama, T Kopytine, M Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kuberg, CH Kurita, K Kuroki, Y Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Ladygin, V Lajoie, JG Lebedev, A Leckey, S Lee, DM Lee, S Leitch, MJ Li, XH Lim, H Litvinenko, A Liu, MX Liu, Y Maguire, CF Makdisi, YI Malakhov, A Manko, VI Mao, Y Martinez, G Marx, MD Masui, H Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McGaughey, PL Melnikov, E Messer, F Miake, Y Milan, J Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mischke, RE Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Muhlbacher, F Mukhopadhyay, D Muniruzzaman, M Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagle, JL Nakamura, T Nandi, BK Nara, M Newby, J Nilsson, P Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Okada, K Ono, M Onuchin, V Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Oyama, K Ozawa, K Pal, D Palounek, APT Pantuev, V Papavassiliou, V Park, J Parmar, A Pate, SF Peitzmann, T Peng, JC Peresedov, V Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Plasil, F Purschke, ML Purwar, AK Rak, J Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reuter, M Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Roche, G Romana, A Rosati, M Rosnet, P Ryu, SS Sadler, ME Saito, N Sakaguchi, T Sakai, M Sakai, S Samsonov, V Sanfratello, L Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shaw, MR Shea, TK Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shiina, T Silva, CL Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Singh, CP Singh, V Sivertz, M Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sondheim, WE Sorensen, SP Sourikova, IV Staley, F Stankus, PW Stenlund, E Stepanov, M Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tamai, M Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Tanida, K Tannenbaum, MJ Tarjan, P Tepe, JD Thomas, TL Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tserruya, I Tsuruoka, H Tuli, SK Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N van Hecke, HW Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Veszpremi, V Villatte, L Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vznuzdaev, E Wang, XR Watanabe, Y White, SN Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yang, Y Yanovich, A Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, C Zhou, S Zhou, SJ Zolin, L AF Adler, S. S. Afanasiev, S. Aidala, C. Ajitanand, N. N. Akiba, Y. Alexander, J. Amirikas, R. Aphecetche, L. Aronson, S. H. Averbeck, R. Awes, T. C. Azmoun, R. Babintsev, V. Baldisseri, A. Barish, K. N. Barnes, P. D. Bassalleck, B. Bathe, S. Batsouli, S. Baublis, V. Bazilevsky, A. Belikov, S. Berdnikov, Y. Bhagavatula, S. Boissevain, J. G. Borel, H. Borenstein, S. Brooks, M. L. Brown, D. S. Bruner, N. Bucher, D. Buesching, H. Bumazhnov, V. Bunce, G. Burward-Hoy, J. M. Butsyk, S. Camard, X. Chai, J. -S. Chand, P. Chang, W. C. Chernichenko, S. Chi, C. Y. Chiba, J. Chiu, M. Choi, I. J. Choi, J. Choudhury, R. K. Chujo, T. Cianciolo, V. Cobigo, Y. Cole, B. A. Constantin, P. d'Enterria, D. David, G. Delagrange, H. Denisov, A. Deshpande, A. Desmond, E. J. Devismes, A. Dietzsch, O. Drapier, O. Drees, A. du Rietz, R. Durum, A. Dutta, D. Efremenko, Y. V. El Chenawi, K. Enokizono, A. En'yo, H. Esumi, S. Ewell, L. Fields, D. E. Fleuret, F. Fokin, S. L. Fox, B. D. Fraenkel, Z. Frantz, J. E. Franz, A. Frawley, A. D. Fung, S. -Y. Garpman, S. Ghosh, T. K. Glenn, A. Gogiberidze, G. Gonin, M. Gosset, J. Goto, Y. Granier de Cassagnac, R. Grau, N. Greene, S. V. Grosse Perdekamp, M. Guryn, W. Gustafsson, H. -A. Hachiya, T. Haggerty, J. S. Hamagaki, H. Hansen, A. G. Hartouni, E. P. Harvey, M. Hayano, R. Hayashi, N. He, X. Heffner, M. Hemmick, T. K. Heuser, J. M. Hibino, M. Hill, J. C. Holzmann, W. Homma, K. Hong, B. Hoover, A. Ichihara, T. Ikonnikov, V. V. Imai, K. Isenhower, D. Ishihara, M. Issah, M. Isupov, A. Jacak, B. V. Jang, W. Y. Jeong, Y. Jia, J. Jinnouchi, O. Johnson, B. M. Johnson, S. C. Joo, K. S. Jouan, D. Kametani, S. Kamihara, N. Kang, J. H. Kapoor, S. S. Katou, K. Kelly, S. Khachaturov, B. Khanzadeev, A. Kikuchi, J. Kim, D. H. Kim, D. J. Kim, D. W. Kim, E. Kim, G. -B. Kim, H. J. Kistenev, E. Kiyomichi, A. Kiyoyama, K. Klein-Boesing, C. Kobayashi, H. Kochenda, L. Kochetkov, V. Koehler, D. Kohama, T. Kopytine, M. Kotchetkov, D. Kozlov, A. Kroon, P. J. Kuberg, C. H. Kurita, K. Kuroki, Y. Kweon, M. J. Kwon, Y. Kyle, G. S. Lacey, R. Ladygin, V. Lajoie, J. G. Lebedev, A. Leckey, S. Lee, D. M. Lee, S. Leitch, M. J. Li, X. H. Lim, H. Litvinenko, A. Liu, M. X. Liu, Y. Maguire, C. F. Makdisi, Y. I. Malakhov, A. Manko, V. I. Mao, Y. Martinez, G. Marx, M. D. Masui, H. Matathias, F. Matsumoto, T. McGaughey, P. L. Melnikov, E. Messer, F. Miake, Y. Milan, J. Miller, T. E. Milov, A. Mioduszewski, S. Mischke, R. E. Mishra, G. C. Mitchell, J. T. Mohanty, A. K. Morrison, D. P. Moss, J. M. Muhlbacher, F. Mukhopadhyay, D. Muniruzzaman, M. Murata, J. Nagamiya, S. Nagle, J. L. Nakamura, T. Nandi, B. K. Nara, M. Newby, J. Nilsson, P. Nyanin, A. S. Nystrand, J. O'Brien, E. Ogilvie, C. A. Ohnishi, H. Ojha, I. D. Okada, K. Ono, M. Onuchin, V. Oskarsson, A. Otterlund, I. Oyama, K. Ozawa, K. Pal, D. Palounek, A. P. T. Pantuev, V. Papavassiliou, V. Park, J. Parmar, A. Pate, S. F. Peitzmann, T. Peng, J. -C. Peresedov, V. Pinkenburg, C. Pisani, R. P. Plasil, F. Purschke, M. L. Purwar, A. K. Rak, J. Ravinovich, I. Read, K. F. Reuter, M. Reygers, K. Riabov, V. Riabov, Y. Roche, G. Romana, A. Rosati, M. Rosnet, P. Ryu, S. S. Sadler, M. E. Saito, N. Sakaguchi, T. Sakai, M. Sakai, S. Samsonov, V. Sanfratello, L. Santo, R. Sato, H. D. Sato, S. Sawada, S. Schutz, Y. Semenov, V. Seto, R. Shaw, M. R. Shea, T. K. Shibata, T. -A. Shigaki, K. Shiina, T. Silva, C. L. Silvermyr, D. Sim, K. S. Singh, C. P. Singh, V. Sivertz, M. Soldatov, A. Soltz, R. A. Sondheim, W. E. Sorensen, S. P. Sourikova, I. V. Staley, F. Stankus, P. W. Stenlund, E. Stepanov, M. Ster, A. Stoll, S. P. Sugitate, T. Sullivan, J. P. Takagui, E. M. Taketani, A. Tamai, M. Tanaka, K. H. Tanaka, Y. Tanida, K. Tannenbaum, M. J. Tarjan, P. Tepe, J. D. Thomas, T. L. Tojo, J. Torii, H. Towell, R. S. Tserruya, I. Tsuruoka, H. Tuli, S. K. Tydesjo, H. Tyurin, N. van Hecke, H. W. Velkovska, J. Velkovsky, M. Veszpremi, V. Villatte, L. Vinogradov, A. A. Volkov, M. A. Vznuzdaev, E. Wang, X. R. Watanabe, Y. White, S. N. Wohn, F. K. Woody, C. L. Xie, W. Yang, Y. Yanovich, A. Yokkaichi, S. Young, G. R. Yushmanov, I. E. Zajc, W. A. Zhang, C. Zhou, S. Zhou, S. J. Zolin, L. CA PHENIX Collaborat TI Dense-medium modifications to jet-induced hadron pair distributions in Au+Au collisions at root(NN)-N-S=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA AB Azimuthal correlations of jet-induced high-p(T) charged hadron pairs are studied at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV. The distribution of jet-associated partner hadrons (1.0 < p(T)< 2.5 GeV/c) per trigger hadron (2.5 < p(T)< 4.0 GeV/c) is found to vary with collision centrality, in both shape and yield, indicating a significant effect of the nuclear collision medium on the jet fragmentation process. C1 Abilene Christian Univ, Abilene, TX 79699 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. CIAE, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Ctr Nucl Study, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Debrecen, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. State Res Ctr Russian Federat, IHEP, Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 144281, Russia. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. KAERI, Cyclotron Appl Lab, Seoul, South Korea. Kangnung Natl Univ, Kangnung 210702, South Korea. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Hungarian Acad Sci, KFKI, Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, MTA,KFKI,RMKI, H-1525 Budapest 114, Hungary. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Russian Res Ctr Kurchatov Inst, Moscow, Russia. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Leprince Ringuet, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Clermont Ferrand, LPC, CNRS, IN2P3, F-63177 Clermont Ferrand, France. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Myongji Univ, Kyonggi Do 449728, South Korea. Nagasaki Inst Appl Sci, Nagasaki 8510193, Japan. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Paris 11, IPN, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91406 Orsay, France. PNPI, Petersburgy Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina, Russia. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. St Petersburg State Polytech Univ, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Seoul Natl Univ, Syst Elect Lab, Seoul, South Korea. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Nantes, CNRS, IN2P3, SUBATECH,Ecole Mines Nantes, F-20722 Nantes, France. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Waseda Univ, Adv Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1620044, Japan. Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Yonsei Univ, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Adler, SS (reprint author), Abilene Christian Univ, Abilene, TX 79699 USA. EM zajc@nevis.columbia.edu RI seto, richard/G-8467-2011; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; du Rietz, Rickard/I-3794-2013; En'yo, Hideto/B-2440-2015; Hayano, Ryugo/F-7889-2012; HAMAGAKI, HIDEKI/G-4899-2014; Durum, Artur/C-3027-2014; Sorensen, Soren /K-1195-2016; Yokkaichi, Satoshi/C-6215-2017; Taketani, Atsushi/E-1803-2017; Semenov, Vitaliy/E-9584-2017; OI Hartouni, Edward/0000-0001-9869-4351; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; du Rietz, Rickard/0000-0002-9884-9058; Hayano, Ryugo/0000-0002-1214-7806; Sorensen, Soren /0000-0002-5595-5643; Taketani, Atsushi/0000-0002-4776-2315; Reuter, Michael/0000-0003-3881-8310; Newby, Robert/0000-0003-3571-1067 NR 28 TC 237 Z9 239 U1 6 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. 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CA BABAR Collaboration TI Observation of B-0 meson decay to a(1)(+/-)(1260)pi(-/+) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID B-MESONS; SEARCH; A1 AB We present a measurement of the branching fraction of the decay B-0 -> a(1)(+/-)(1260)pi(-/+) with a(1)(+/-)(1260)->pi(-/+)pi(+/-)pi(+/-). The data sample corresponds to 218x10(6) B (B) over bar pairs produced in e(+)e(-) annihilation through the Upsilon(4S) resonance. We measure the branching fraction B(B-0 -> a(1)(+/-)(1260)pi(-/+))B(a(1)(+/-)(1260)->pi(-/+)pi(+/-)pi(+/-))=(16.6 +/- 1.9 +/- 1.5)x10(-6), where the first error quoted is statistical and the second is systematic. C1 Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, LLR, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. CNRS, IN2P3, Accelerateur Lineaire Lab, F-91898 Orsay, France. Univ Paris Sud 11, Ctr Sci, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Univ London, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London, Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. NIKHEF H, Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, Phys Theor & Hautes Energies Lab, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Phys Theor & Hautes Energies Lab, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Pisa, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Torino, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Valencia, IFIC, CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Phys Corpusculaire Lab, Clermont Ferrand, France. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI dong, liaoyuan/A-5093-2015; Rizzo, Giuliana/A-8516-2015; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; M, Saleem/B-9137-2013; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009 OI Adye, Tim/0000-0003-0627-5059; Lafferty, George/0000-0003-0658-4919; Faccini, Riccardo/0000-0003-2613-5141; Salvatore, Fabrizio/0000-0002-3709-1554; Wilson, Robert/0000-0002-8184-4103; Strube, Jan/0000-0001-7470-9301; Chen, Chunhui /0000-0003-1589-9955; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Hamel de Monchenault, Gautier/0000-0002-3872-3592; dong, liaoyuan/0000-0002-4773-5050; Pacetti, Simone/0000-0002-6385-3508; Galeazzi, Fulvio/0000-0002-6830-9982; Covarelli, Roberto/0000-0003-1216-5235; Rizzo, Giuliana/0000-0003-1788-2866; Cristinziani, Markus/0000-0003-3893-9171; Paoloni, Eugenio/0000-0001-5969-8712; Lanceri, Livio/0000-0001-8220-3095; Carpinelli, Massimo/0000-0002-8205-930X; Sciacca, Crisostomo/0000-0002-8412-4072; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Egede, Ulrik/0000-0001-5493-0762; Bettarini, Stefano/0000-0001-7742-2998; Ebert, Marcus/0000-0002-3014-1512; Cibinetto, Gianluigi/0000-0002-3491-6231; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; NR 18 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 4 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 5 AR 051802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.051802 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 070KI UT WOS:000239520300015 PM 17026094 ER PT J AU Bravyi, S Hastings, MB Verstraete, F AF Bravyi, S. Hastings, M. B. Verstraete, F. TI Lieb-robinson bounds and the generation of correlations and topological quantum order SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY; SYSTEMS; THEOREM AB The Lieb-Robinson bound states that local Hamiltonian evolution in nonrelativistic quantum mechanical theories gives rise to the notion of an effective light cone with exponentially decaying tails. We discuss several consequences of this result in the context of quantum information theory. First, we show that the information that leaks out to spacelike separated regions is negligible and that there is a finite speed at which correlations and entanglement can be distributed. Second, we discuss how these ideas can be used to prove lower bounds on the time it takes to convert states without topological quantum order to states with that property. Finally, we show that the rate at which entropy can be created in a block of spins scales like the boundary of that block. C1 IBM Corp, Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies & Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Bravyi, S (reprint author), IBM Corp, Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RI Verstraete, Frank/F-1306-2014 OI Verstraete, Frank/0000-0003-0270-5592 NR 27 TC 202 Z9 202 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 4 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 5 AR 050401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.050401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 070KI UT WOS:000239520300001 PM 17026080 ER PT J AU Carena, M Hooper, D Skands, P AF Carena, Marcela Hooper, Dan Skands, Peter TI Implications of direct dark matter constraints for minimal supersymmetric standard model Higgs boson searches at the tevatron SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEON CROSS-SECTION; NEUTRALINO; SCATTERING AB In regions of large tan beta and small m(A), searches for heavy neutral minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) Higgs bosons at the Tevatron are promising. At the same time, rates in direct dark matter experiments, such as CDMS, are enhanced in the case of large tan beta and small m(A). As a result, there is a natural interplay between the heavy, neutral Higgs searches at the Tevatron and the region of parameter space explored by CDMS. We show that if the lightest neutralino makes up the dark matter of our universe, current limits from CDMS strongly constrain the prospects of heavy, neutral MSSM Higgs discovery at the Tevatron unless |mu|greater than or similar to 400 GeV. The limits of CDMS projected for 2007 will increase this constraint to |mu|greater than or similar to 800 GeV. If CDMS does observe neutralinos in the near future, however, it will make the discovery of Higgs bosons at the Tevatron far more likely. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Carena, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. OI Skands, Peter/0000-0003-0024-3822 NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 4 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 5 AR 051801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.051801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 070KI UT WOS:000239520300014 PM 17026093 ER PT J AU Covo, MK Molvik, AW Friedman, A Vay, JL Seidl, PA Logan, G Baca, D Vujic, JL AF Covo, Michel Kireeff Molvik, Arthur W. Friedman, Alex Vay, Jean-Luc Seidl, Peter A. Logan, Grant Baca, David Vujic, Jasmina L. TI Absolute measurement of electron-cloud density in a positively charged particle beam SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Clouds of stray electrons are ubiquitous in particle accelerators and frequently limit the performance of storage rings. Earlier measurements of electron energy distribution and flux to the walls provided only a relative electron-cloud density. We have measured electron accumulation using ions expelled by the beam. The ion energy distribution maps the depressed beam potential and gives the dynamic cloud density. Clearing electrode current reveals the static background cloud density, allowing the first absolute measurement of the time-dependent electron-cloud density during the beam pulse. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Heavy Ion Fus Sci Virtual Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Heavy Ion Fus Sci Virtual Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Covo, MK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Heavy Ion Fus Sci Virtual Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 4 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 5 AR 054801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.054801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 070KI UT WOS:000239520300027 ER PT J AU Dani, KM Tignon, J Breit, M Chemla, DS Kavousanaki, EG Perakis, IE AF Dani, K. M. Tignon, J. Breit, M. Chemla, D. S. Kavousanaki, E. G. Perakis, I. E. TI Ultrafast dynamics of coherences in a quantum Hall system SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTORS; KINETICS; STATES; EXCITATIONS; SIGNATURE AB Using three-pulse four-wave-mixing optical spectroscopy, we study the ultrafast dynamics of the quantum Hall system. We observe striking differences as compared to an undoped system, where the 2D electron gas is absent. In particular, we observe a large off-resonant signal with strong oscillations. Using a microscopic theory, we show that these are due to many-particle coherences created by interactions between photoexcited carriers and collective excitations of the 2D electron gas. We extract quantitative information about the dephasing and interference of these coherences. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ecole Normale Super, Lab Pierre Aigrain, F-75005 Paris, France. Univ Crete, Dept Phys, Iraklion, Greece. Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, Iraklion, Greece. RP Dani, KM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Perakis, Ilias/G-9186-2011; Kavousanaki, Eleftheria/D-5712-2015; Dani, Keshav/B-7490-2015 OI Kavousanaki, Eleftheria/0000-0003-1805-6638; Dani, Keshav/0000-0003-3917-6305 NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 4 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 5 AR 057401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.057401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 070KI UT WOS:000239520300060 PM 17026139 ER PT J AU Fradkin, E Moore, JE AF Fradkin, Eduardo Moore, Joel E. TI Entanglement entropy of 2D conformal quantum critical points: Hearing the shape of a quantum drum SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RENORMALIZATION; AREA AB The entanglement entropy of a pure quantum state of a bipartite system A boolean OR B is defined as the von Neumann entropy of the reduced density matrix obtained by tracing over one of the two parts. In one dimension, the entanglement of critical ground states diverges logarithmically in the subsystem size, with a universal coefficient that for conformally invariant critical points is related to the central charge of the conformal field theory. We find that the entanglement entropy of a standard class of z=2 conformal quantum critical points in two spatial dimensions, in addition to a nonuniversal "area law" contribution linear in the size of the AB boundary, generically has a universal logarithmically divergent correction, which is completely determined by the geometry of the partition and by the central charge of the field theory that describes the critical wave function. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fradkin, E (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Fradkin, Eduardo/B-5612-2013; Moore, Joel/O-4959-2016; OI Moore, Joel/0000-0002-4294-5761; Fradkin, Eduardo/0000-0001-6837-463X NR 27 TC 127 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 4 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 5 AR 050404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.050404 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 070KI UT WOS:000239520300004 PM 17026083 ER PT J AU Kenning, GG Rodriguez, GF Orbach, R AF Kenning, G. G. Rodriguez, G. F. Orbach, R. TI End of aging in a complex system SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPIN-GLASS MODEL; NONEQUILIBRIUM DYNAMICS; AG-MN; TRANSITION; FIELD AB Aging phenomena in complex systems have been used as an important tool to investigate the physics of complexity. In particular, aging effects in spin glasses, measured using the thermoremanent magnetization decays, have been instrumental as a probe of complex equilibrium and nonequilibrium dynamics. In this Letter, we show that aging found in spin glass materials has a finite lifetime. After the aging part of the decay has ended, we find a post-aging decay which is apparently logarithmic in nature. This decay is independent of the waiting time and part of the same mechanism that produces aging. C1 Indiana Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Indiana, PA 15705 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Kenning, GG (reprint author), Indiana Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Indiana, PA 15705 USA. NR 20 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 4 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 5 AR 057201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.057201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 070KI UT WOS:000239520300057 PM 17026136 ER PT J AU Macridin, A Moritz, B Jarrell, M Maier, T AF Macridin, Alexandru Moritz, Brian Jarrell, M. Maier, Thomas TI Synergistic polaron formation in the Hubbard-Holstein model at small doping SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; ELECTRON-SYSTEMS; MONTE-CARLO; DYNAMICS AB We study the effect of dynamical Holstein phonons on the physics of the Hubbard model at small doping using the dynamical cluster approximation on a 2x2 cluster. Nonlocal antiferromagnetic correlations are found to significantly enhance the electron-phonon coupling, resulting in polaron formation for moderate coupling strengths. At finite doping, the electron-phonon coupling is found to strongly enhance the nonlocal spin correlations, indicating a synergistic interplay between the electron-phonon coupling and antiferromagnetic correlations. Although it enhances the pairing interaction, the electron-phonon coupling is found to decrease the superconducting transition temperature, due to the reduction in the quasiparticle fraction. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Macridin, A (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RI Moritz, Brian/D-7505-2015; Maier, Thomas/F-6759-2012 OI Moritz, Brian/0000-0002-3747-8484; Maier, Thomas/0000-0002-1424-9996 NR 30 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 4 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 5 AR 056402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.056402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 070KI UT WOS:000239520300043 PM 17026122 ER PT J AU Pham, LD Park, T Maquilon, S Thompson, JD Fisk, Z AF Pham, L. D. Park, Tuson Maquilon, S. Thompson, J. D. Fisk, Z. TI Reversible tuning of the heavy-fermion ground state in CeCoIn5 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; CERHIN5; CECU2(SI1-XGEX)(2); MAGNETISM; PRESSURE; CEIRIN5; SURFACE; IR AB Cadmium doping the heavy-fermion superconductor CeCoIn5 at the percent level acts as an electronic tuning agent, sensitively shifting the balance between superconductivity and antiferromagnetism and opening new ambient-pressure phase space in the study of heavy-fermion ground states. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Pham, LD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Park, Tuson/A-1520-2012 NR 28 TC 135 Z9 135 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 4 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 5 AR 056404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.056404 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 070KI UT WOS:000239520300045 PM 17026124 ER PT J AU Ribeiro, TC Wen, XG AF Ribeiro, Tiago C. Wen, Xiao-Gang TI Tunneling spectra of layered strongly correlated d-wave superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; T-C; BAND-STRUCTURE; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; SPECTROSCOPY; BI2SR2CUO6+DELTA; ORIGIN; SCALE; STATE; HOLE AB Tunneling conductance experiments on cuprate superconductors exhibit a large diversity of spectra that appear in different nanosized regions of inhomogeneous samples. In this Letter, we use a mean-field approach to the tt(')t('')J model in order to address the features in these spectra that deviate from the BCS paradigm, namely, the bias sign asymmetry at high bias, the generic lack of evidence for the van Hove singularity, and the absence of coherence peaks at low dopings. We conclude that these features can be reproduced in homogeneous layered d-wave superconductors solely due to a proximate Mott insulating transition. We also establish the connection between the above tunneling spectral features and the strong renormalization of the electron dispersion around (0, pi) and (pi, 0) and the momentum space anisotropy of electronic states observed in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy experiments. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Ribeiro, TC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 4 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 5 AR 057003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.057003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 070KI UT WOS:000239520300054 ER PT J AU Seebauer, EG Dev, K Jung, MYL Vaidyanathan, R Kwok, CTM Ager, JW Haller, EE Braatz, RD AF Seebauer, Edmund G. Dev, Kapil Jung, Michael Y. L. Vaidyanathan, Ramakrishnan Kwok, Charlotte T. M. Ager, Joel W. Haller, Eugene E. Braatz, Richard D. TI Control of defect concentrations within a semiconductor through adsorption SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICON SELF-DIFFUSION; POINT-DEFECTS; SI; BORON AB The technologically useful properties of a crystalline solid depend upon the concentration of defects it contains. Here we show that defect concentrations as deep as 0.5 mu m within a semiconductor can be profoundly influenced by gas adsorption. Self-diffusion rates within silicon show that nitrogen atoms adsorbed at less than 1% of a monolayer lead to defect concentrations that vary controllably over several orders of magnitude. The results show that previous measurements of diffusion and defect thermodynamics in semiconductors may have suffered from neglect of adsorption effects. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Seebauer, EG (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM eseebaue@uiuc.edu OI Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 30 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 4 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 5 AR 055503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.055503 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 070KI UT WOS:000239520300033 PM 17026112 ER PT J AU Seidel, A Lee, DH AF Seidel, Alexander Lee, Dung-Hai TI Abelian and non-abelian hall liquids and charge-density wave: Quantum number fractionalization in one and two dimensions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXCITATIONS; STATES; STATISTICS AB Previously, we have demonstrated that, on a torus, the Abelian quantum Hall liquid is adiabatically connected to a charge-density wave as the smaller dimension of the torus is varied. In this work, we extend this result to the non-Abelian bosonic Hall state. The outcome of these works is the realization that the paradigms of quantum number fractionalization in one dimension (polyacetylene) and two dimensions (fractional quantum Hall effect) are, in fact, equivalent. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Seidel, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 14 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 4 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 5 AR 056804 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.056804 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 070KI UT WOS:000239520300051 PM 17026130 ER PT J AU Sun, Z Chuang, YD Fedorov, AV Douglas, JF Reznik, D Weber, F Aliouane, N Argyriou, DN Zheng, H Mitchell, JF Kimura, T Tokura, Y Revcolevschi, A Dessau, DS AF Sun, Z. Chuang, Y. -D. Fedorov, A. V. Douglas, J. F. Reznik, D. Weber, F. Aliouane, N. Argyriou, D. N. Zheng, H. Mitchell, J. F. Kimura, T. Tokura, Y. Revcolevschi, A. Dessau, D. S. TI Quasiparticlelike peaks, kinks, and electron-phonon coupling at the (pi, 0) regions in the CMR oxide La2-2xSr1+2xMn2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COLOSSAL MAGNETORESISTIVE OXIDES; PHOTOEMISSION SPECTRA; FERMI-SURFACE; MANGANITES; LA1-XSRXMNO3; EXCITATIONS; LAMNO3 AB Using angle-resolved photoemission, we have observed sharp quasiparticlelike peaks in the prototypical layered manganite La2-2xSr1+2xMn2O7 (x=0.36,0.38). We focus on the (pi,0) regions of k space and study their electronic scattering rates and dispersion kinks, uncovering bilayer-split bands, the critical energy scales, momentum scales, and strengths of the interactions that renormalize the electrons. To identify these bosons, we measured phonon dispersions in the energy range of the kink by inelastic neutron scattering, finding a good match in both energy and momentum to the oxygen bond-stretching phonons. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Festkorperphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Univ Paris Sud 11, Lab Physicochim Etat Solide, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Sun, Z (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI ALIOUANE, NADIr/B-9393-2008; Tokura, Yoshinori/C-7352-2009 NR 30 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 4 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 5 AR 056401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.056401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 070KI UT WOS:000239520300042 PM 17026121 ER PT J AU Sivaramakrishnan, R Tranter, RS Brezinsky, K AF Sivaramakrishnan, R. Tranter, Robert S. Brezinsky, K. TI High pressure pyrolysis of toluene. 1. Experiments and modeling of toluene decomposition SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE PYROLYSIS; BOND-DISSOCIATION ENERGIES; PULSE SHOCK-TUBE; BENZYL RADICALS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; THERMOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; METHYL RADICALS; OXIDATION; BENZENE; COMBUSTION AB The pyrolysis of toluene, the simplest methyl-substituted aromatic molecule, has been studied behind reflected shock waves using a single pulse shock tube. Experiments were performed at nominal high pressures of 27 and 45 bar and spanning a wide temperature range from 1200 to 1900 K. A variety of stable species, ranging from small hydrocarbons to single ring aromatics ( principal soot precursors such as phenylacetylene and indene) were sampled from the shock tube and analyzed using standard gas chromatographic techniques. A detailed chemical kinetic model with 262 reactions and 87 species was assembled to simulate the stable species profiles ( specifically toluene, benzene and methane) from the current high-pressure pyrolysis data sets and shock tube-atomic resonance absorption spectrometry (ARAS) H atom profiles obtained from prior toluene pyrolysis experiments performed under similar high-temperature conditions and lower pressures from 1.5 to 8 bar. The primary steps in toluene pyrolysis represent the most sensitive and dominant reactions in the model. Consequently, in the absence of unambiguous direct experimental measurements, we have utilized recent high level theoretical estimates of the barrierless association rate coefficients for these primary reactions, C6H5 + CH3 -> C6H5CH3 (1a) and C6H5CH2 + H -> C6H5CH3 (1b) in the detailed chemical kinetic model. The available data sets can be successfully reconciled with revised values for Delta H-f(298K)0(C6H5CH2) = 51.5 +/- 1.0 kcal/mol and Delta H-f(298K)0(C6H5) = 78.6 +/- 1.0 kcal/mol that translate to primary dissociation rate constants, reverse of 1a and 1b, represented by k(-1a,infinity) (4.62 x 10(25)) T(-2.53)exp[-104.5 x 10(3)/RT] s(-1) and k(-1b,infinity)) (1.524 x 10(16)) T(-0.04)exp[- 93.5 x 10(3)/RT]s(-1) (R in units of cal/(mol K)). These high-pressure limiting rate constants suggest high-temperature branching ratios for the primary steps that vary from 0.39 to 0.52 over the temperature range 1200-1800 K. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Brezinsky, K (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM Kenbrez@uic.edu RI SIVARAMAKRISHNAN, RAGHU/C-3481-2008 OI SIVARAMAKRISHNAN, RAGHU/0000-0002-1867-1254 NR 55 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD AUG 3 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 30 BP 9388 EP 9399 DI 10.1021/jp060820j PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 067NY UT WOS:000239311100013 PM 16869688 ER PT J AU Sivaramakrishnan, R Tranter, RS Brezinsky, K AF Sivaramakrishnan, R. Tranter, Robert S. Brezinsky, K. TI High pressure pyrolysis of toluene. 2. Modeling benzyl decomposition and formation of soot precursors SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE PYROLYSIS; PHENYL RADICALS; THERMOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; PART I; HYDROCARBONS; ACETYLENE; MECHANISM; PROPYNE AB The pyrolysis of toluene, the simplest methyl-substituted aromatic molecule, has been studied behind reflected shock waves using a single pulse shock tube. Part 1 in this two-part series focused on the high-pressure experimental results and the high-pressure limiting rate coefficients for the primary steps in toluene decomposition. The present work focuses on the modeling of benzyl decomposition and the growth of key soot precursors (C2H2, C4H2, C8H6, and indene) from toluene pyrolysis with 81 among the 262 reactions in the detailed toluene model representing the chemistry that describes the formation and decomposition of these species. Feasible pathways for benzyl decomposition as well as phenylacetylene and indene formation have been tested. The simulations also show very good agreement with the single pulse shock tube profiles for the growth of key soot precursors such as C2H2, C4H2, C8H6, and indene. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Ind Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Brezinsky, K (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM Kenbrez@uic.edu RI SIVARAMAKRISHNAN, RAGHU/C-3481-2008 OI SIVARAMAKRISHNAN, RAGHU/0000-0002-1867-1254 NR 33 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD AUG 3 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 30 BP 9400 EP 9404 DI 10.1021/jp0608224 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 067NY UT WOS:000239311100014 PM 16869689 ER PT J AU Sacha, GM Verdaguer, A Salmeron, M AF Sacha, G. M. Verdaguer, A. Salmeron, M. TI Induced water condensation and bridge formation by electric fields in atomic force microscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID DIP-PEN NANOLITHOGRAPHY; CAPILLARY CONDENSATION; PROBE; OXIDATION; SILICON AB We present an analytical model that explains how, in humid environments, the electric field near a sharp tip enhances the formation of water menisci and bridges between the tip and a sample. The predictions of the model are compared with experimental measurements of the critical distance where the field strength causes bridge formation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sacha, GM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sgomezmonivas@lbl.gov RI Verdaguer, Albert/A-4303-2008; Gomez Monivas, Sacha/H-5611-2011 OI Verdaguer, Albert/0000-0002-4855-821X; Gomez Monivas, Sacha/0000-0003-2280-5021 NR 27 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 3 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 30 BP 14870 EP 14873 DI 10.1021/jp061148t PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 067NI UT WOS:000239309500048 PM 16869597 ER PT J AU Singh, S Houston, J van Swol, F Brinker, CJ AF Singh, Seema Houston, Jack van Swol, Frank Brinker, C. Jeffrey TI Superhydrophobicity - Drying transition of confined water SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID HYDROPHOBIC SURFACES; LONG-RANGE; FORCE C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Singh, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM cjbrink@sandia.gov NR 12 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 7 U2 76 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 3 PY 2006 VL 442 IS 7102 BP 526 EP 526 DI 10.1038/442526a PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 069NQ UT WOS:000239455900033 PM 16885976 ER PT J AU Lee, J Fujita, K McElroy, K Slezak, JA Wang, M Aiura, Y Bando, H Ishikado, M Masui, T Zhu, JX Balatsky, AV Eisaki, H Uchida, S Davis, JC AF Lee, Jinho Fujita, K. McElroy, K. Slezak, J. A. Wang, M. Aiura, Y. Bando, H. Ishikado, M. Masui, T. Zhu, J. -X. Balatsky, A. V. Eisaki, H. Uchida, S. Davis, J. C. TI Interplay of electron-lattice interactions and superconductivity in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR; COPPER-OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; LINE-SHAPE; T-C; DISPERSION; EXCITATIONS; SPECTROSCOPY AB Formation of electron pairs is essential to superconductivity. For conventional superconductors, tunnelling spectroscopy has established that pairing is mediated by bosonic modes (phonons); a peak in the second derivative of tunnel current d(2)I/dV(2) corresponds to each phonon mode(1-3). For high-transition-temperature (high-T-c) superconductivity, however, no boson mediating electron pairing has been identified. One explanation could be that electron pair formation(4) and related electron - boson interactions are heterogeneous at the atomic scale and therefore challenging to characterize. However, with the latest advances in d(2)I/dV(2) spectroscopy using scanning tunnelling microscopy, it has become possible to study bosonic modes directly at the atomic scale(5). Here we report d(2)I/dV(2) imaging(6-8) studies of the high-T-c superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta. We find intense disorder of electron - boson interaction energies at the nanometre scale, along with the expected modulations in d(2) I/dV(2) ( refs 9, 10). Changing the density of holes has minimal effects on both the average mode energies and the modulations, indicating that the bosonic modes are unrelated to electronic or magnetic structure. Instead, the modes appear to be local lattice vibrations, as substitution of O-18 for O-16 throughout the material reduces the average mode energy by approximately 6 per cent - the expected effect of this isotope substitution on lattice vibration frequencies(5). Significantly, the mode energies are always spatially anticorrelated with the superconducting pairing-gap energies, suggesting an interplay between these lattice vibration modes and the superconductivity. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, LASSP, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Davis, JC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, LASSP, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jcdavis@ccmr.cornell.edu RI mcelroy, kyle/D-1816-2013; OI Zhu, Jianxin/0000-0001-7991-3918 NR 32 TC 239 Z9 240 U1 4 U2 46 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 3 PY 2006 VL 442 IS 7102 BP 546 EP 550 DI 10.1038/nature04973 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 069NQ UT WOS:000239455900039 PM 16885980 ER PT J AU Pederson, LR Singh, P Zhou, XD AF Pederson, L. R. Singh, P. Zhou, X. -D. TI Application of vacuum deposition methods to solid oxide fuel cells SO VACUUM LA English DT Review DE solid oxide fuel cell; magnetron sputtering; vacuum plasma deposition; laser ablation; electrochemical vapor deposition ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; ELECTROCHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; CATHODIC REACTION-MECHANISM; CHARGE-TRANSFER RESISTIVITY; PLASMA-SPRAYED COMPONENTS; COMPOSITE FILM ELECTRODES; THIN-FILMS; SPUTTER-DEPOSITION; ABLATION METHOD AB The application of vacuum deposition techniques to the fabrication of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) materials and structures are reviewed, focusing on magnetron sputtering, vacuum plasma methods, laser ablation, and electrochemical vapor deposition. A description of each method and examples of use to produce electrolytes, electrodes, and/or electrical interconnects are given. Generally high equipment costs and relatively low deposition rates have limited the use of vacuum deposition methods in SOFC manufacture, with a few notable exceptions. Vacuum methods are particularly promising in the fabrication of micro-fuel cells, where thin films of high quality and unusual configuration are desired. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pederson, LR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Larry.Pederson@pnl.gov RI Singh, Prabhakar/M-3186-2013 NR 152 TC 80 Z9 83 U1 7 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0042-207X J9 VACUUM JI Vacuum PD AUG 3 PY 2006 VL 80 IS 10 BP 1066 EP 1083 DI 10.1016/j.vacuum.2006.01.072 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 069TD UT WOS:000239470200004 ER PT J AU Wang, LJ De Yoreo, JJ Guan, XY Qiu, SR Hoyer, JR Nancollas, GH AF Wang, Lijun De Yoreo, James J. Guan, Xiangying Qiu, S. Roger Hoyer, John R. Nancollas, George H. TI Constant composition studies verify the utility of the cabrera-vermilyea (C-V) model in explaining mechanisms of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystallization SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; STONE FORMATION; KINETICS; CITRATE; INHIBITION; IMPURITY; ACID; MORPHOLOGY; GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS AB The classic theory of Cabrera and Vermilyea (C-V) postulates that inhibition of crystallization by impurities is the result of pinning of step motion. Although generally accepted, the predictions of the C-V model have not been previously linked to studies of impurity adsorption in macroscopic crystallization systems. Since calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) is the primary constituent of most human kidney stones, effects of impurities on COM crystallization are biologically relevant. Recent in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies suggest that citrate molecules adsorb to COM step edges on the (- 101) face, thereby pinning step motion and decreasing the velocity of the steps. We have now investigated the crystallization kinetics of COM in the presence of citrate at 37 degrees C and I = 0.15 mol L-1 using the constant composition (CC) method. The dependence of growth rate on both supersaturation and citrate concentration were measured, and the behavior of the COM-citrate system was found to be in reasonable agreement with the predictions of the C-V model, provided that, in addition to pinning of step motion on the (- 101) face through the Gibbs-Thomson effect, the kinetic coefficient that relates step speed to supersaturation is assumed to decrease with increasing citrate levels on all faces. The dependence of macroscopic crystal aspect ratio on citrate level in these CC studies also fits this model. Thus, we find that the results provide a mechanistic link between the microscopic AFM measurements of step kinetics and the macroscopic CC data on crystal growth rates and crystal habit. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Penn, Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Nancollas, GH (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Nat Sci Complex, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM ghn@buffalo.edu RI GUAN, XIANGYING/F-4646-2010 NR 45 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD AUG 2 PY 2006 VL 6 IS 8 BP 1769 EP 1775 DI 10.1021/cg050679o PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 069MM UT WOS:000239451700011 ER PT J AU Johnson, MC Aloni, S McCready, DE Bourret-Courchesne, ED AF Johnson, M. C. Aloni, S. McCready, D. E. Bourret-Courchesne, E. D. TI Controlled vapor-liquid-solid growth of indium, gallium, and tin oxide nanowires via chemical vapor transport SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID PHOTOLUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES; CATALYTIC GROWTH; PHYSICAL EVAPORATION; IN2O3 NANOWIRES; SNO2 NANOWIRES; TEMPERATURE; NANOTUBES; CARBON; METAL AB We utilized a vapor-liquid-solid growth technique to synthesize indium oxide, gallium oxide, and tin oxide nanowires using chemical vapor transport with gold nanoparticles as the catalyst. Using identical growth parameters, we were able to synthesize single crystal nanowires typically 40-100 nm diameter and more than 10-100 mu m long. The products were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). All the wires were grown under the same growth conditions with growth rates inversely proportional to the source metal vapor pressure. Initial experiments show that different transparent oxide nanowires can be grown simultaneously on a single substrate with potential application for multicomponent gas sensors. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bourret-Courchesne, ED (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS2R0200, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM EDBourret@lbl.gov NR 25 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD AUG 2 PY 2006 VL 6 IS 8 BP 1936 EP 1941 DI 10.1021/cg050524g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 069MM UT WOS:000239451700036 ER PT J AU Qin, Y Prausnitz, JM AF Qin, Yuan Prausnitz, John M. TI Solubilities in ionic liquids and molten salts from a simple perturbed-hard-sphere theory SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE PHASE-BEHAVIOR; DILUTION ACTIVITY-COEFFICIENTS; SCALED PARTICLE THEORY; INFINITE-DILUTION; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ORGANIC SOLUTES; 4-METHYL-N-BUTYLPYRIDINIUM TETRAFLUOROBORATE; GAS SOLUBILITY; CHROMATOGRAPHY; IMIDAZOLIUM AB In recent years, several publications have provided solubilities of ordinary gases and liquids in ionic liquids. This work reports an initial attempt to correlate the experimental data using a perturbed-hard-sphere theory; the perturbation is based on well-known molecular physics when the solution is considered as a dielectric continuum. For this correlation, the most important input parameters are the hard-sphere diameters of the solute and of the cation and anion that constitute the ionic liquid. In addition, the correlation uses the solvent's density and the solute's polarizability and dipole and quadrupole moments, if any. Dispersion-energy parameters are obtained from global correlation of solubility data. Results are given for 20 solutes in several ionic liquids at normal temperatures; in addition, some results are given for gases in two molten salts at very high temperatures. Because the theory used here is much simplified and because experimental uncertainties (especially for gaseous solutes) are often large, the accuracy of the correlation presented here is not high; in general, predicted solubilities (Henry's constants) agree with experiment to within roughly +/- 70%. As more reliable experimental data become available, modifications in the characteristic parameters are likely to improve accuracy. Nevertheless, even in its present form, the correlation might be useful for solvent screening in engineering design. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Prausnitz, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM prausnit@cchem.berkeley.edu NR 40 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD AUG 2 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 16 BP 5518 EP 5523 DI 10.1021/ie051090p PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 067CG UT WOS:000239278500013 ER PT J AU Kobayashi, E Mase, K Nambu, A Seo, J Tanaka, S Kakiuchi, T Okudaira, KK Nagaoka, S Tanaka, M AF Kobayashi, Eiichi Mase, Kazuhiko Nambu, Akira Seo, Junya Tanaka, Shinichiro Kakiuchi, Takuhiro Okudaira, Koji K. Nagaoka, Shin-ichi Tanaka, Masatoshi TI Recent progress in coincidence studies on ion desorption induced by core excitation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID SITE-SPECIFIC FRAGMENTATION; INNER-SHELL EXCITATION; PHOTON-STIMULATED DESORPTION; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; LEVEL PHOTOIONIZATION; ELECTRON-IMPACT; METAL-SURFACES; BOND BREAKING; THIN-FILMS; SPECTROSCOPY AB This paper reports on recent studies of photostimulated ion desorption (PSID) using electron ion coincidence (EICO) spectroscopy combined with synchrotron radiation. H(+) desorption from H(2)O dissociatively adsorbed on Si(111) and SiO2/Si(111) surfaces (H(2)O/ Si(111) and H(2)O/SiO(2)/Si(111)) was studied for Si L-edge excitation. The Si 2p-H(+) photoelectron photoion coincidence (PEPICO) and Si 2p photoelectron spectra of H2O/ Si(111) and H2O/SiO2/Si(111) show that H(+) desorption probability increases as the number of positive charges at the Si site increases. The H+ desorption probability per Si 2p ionization for the Si(4+) site was estimated and found to be 5-7 x 10(-5). We proposed a mechanism that H+ desorption is induced by Si 2p photoionization accompanied by a Si LVVV double-Auger transition. This article also reviews recent EICO work on site-specific ion desorption of 1,1,1, trifluoro-2-propanol-d1 (CF(3)CD(OH)CH(3)) adsorbed on Si(100) surfaces, and on themechanisms of PSID of poly( tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) and TiO(2)(110). Clear site-specific ion desorption was observed for the C 1s core excitation of a CF(3)CD(OH)CH(3) sub-monolayer on Si(100). A spectator-Auger-stimulated ion- desorption mechanism was proposed for F(+) desorption induced by a transition from F 1s to sigma(C-F)* of PTFE. O(+) desorption induced by O 1s excitation of TiO(2)(110) was attributed mainly to three-hole final states resulting from multi-electron excitation/decay. For O(+) desorption induced by Ti core excitation of TiO(2)(110), on the other hand, charge transfer from an O 2p orbital to a Ti 3d orbital, instead of the interatomic Auger transition, was proposed to C1 KEK, Inst Mat Struct Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, PRESTO, Kawaguchi 3320012, Japan. Yokohama Natl Univ, Fac Engn, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2408501, Japan. Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, Ibaraki 5670047, Japan. Ehime Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. Chiba Univ, Fac Engn, Chiba 2638522, Japan. RP Kobayashi, E (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM eiichik@post.kek.jp OI Tanaka, Masatoshi/0000-0001-8252-0971; Nagaoka, Shin-ichi/0000-0003-1564-7328 NR 66 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 2 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 30 BP S1389 EP S1408 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/18/30/S03 PG 20 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 070LX UT WOS:000239525100013 ER PT J AU Chen, XD Rogach, AL Talapin, DV Fuchs, H Chi, LF AF Chen, Xiaodong Rogach, Andrey L. Talapin, Dmitri V. Fuchs, Harald Chi, Lifeng TI Hierarchical luminescence patterning based on multiscaled self-assembly SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CONJUGATED POLYMER LASER; CDSE; PHOTOACTIVATION; NANOCRYSTALS; ORGANIZATION; ASSAYS; LIGHT; FILMS C1 Univ Munster, Inst Phys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Univ Munster, CeNTech, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-80799 Munich, Germany. Univ Munich, Ctr Nanosci, D-80799 Munich, Germany. Mol Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chi, LF (reprint author), Univ Munster, Inst Phys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. EM chi@uni-muenster.de RI Chen, Xiaodong/A-4537-2009; Chi, Lifeng/A-1419-2015 OI Chen, Xiaodong/0000-0002-3312-1664; NR 21 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 2 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 30 BP 9592 EP 9593 AR JA062863J DI 10.1021/ja062863j PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 067CH UT WOS:000239278600009 PM 16866488 ER PT J AU Dey, A Hocking, RK Larsen, P Borovik, AS Hodgson, KO Hedman, B Solomon, EI AF Dey, Abhishek Hocking, Rosalie K. Larsen, Peter Borovik, Andrew S. Hodgson, Keith O. Hedman, Britt Solomon, Edward I. TI X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory studies of [(H(3)buea)Fe-III-X](n-) (X = S2-, O2-, OH-): Comparison of bonding and hydrogen bonding in oxo and sulfido complexes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID K-EDGE; KETOGLUTARATE DIOXYGENASE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ADENOSINE-DEAMINASE; STRUCTURAL INSIGHTS; REDOX POTENTIALS; MONONUCLEAR ZINC; DFT CALCULATIONS; MODEL COMPLEXES; AB-INITIO AB Iron L-edge, iron K-edge, and sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy was performed on a series of compounds [Fe(III)H(3)buea(X)](n-) (X = S2-, O2-, OH-). The experimentally determined electronic structures were used to correlate to density functional theory calculations. Calculations supported by the data were then used to compare the metal-ligand bonding and to evaluate the effects of H-bonding in Fe-III-O vs Fe-III-S complexes. It was found that the Fe-III-O bond, while less covalent, is stronger than the Fe-III-S bond. This dominantly reflects the larger ionic contribution to the Fe-III-O bond. The H-bonding energy\ (for three H-bonds) was estimated to be -25 kcal/mol for the oxo as compared to -12 kcal/mol for the sulfide ligand. This difference is attributed to the larger charge density on the oxo ligand resulting from the lower covalency of the Fe-O bond. These results were extended to consider an Fe-IV-O complex with the same ligand environment. It was found that hydrogen bonding to Fe-IV-O is less energetically favorable than that to Fe-III-O, which reflects the highly covalent nature of the Fe-IV-O bond. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Chem, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Borovik, AS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM aborovik@ku.edu; hogdson@slac.stanford.edu; hedman@slac.stanford.edu; edward.solomon@stanford.edu RI Dey, Abhishek/D-2825-2013; Hocking, Rosalie/F-5763-2013 OI Dey, Abhishek/0000-0002-9166-3349; Hocking, Rosalie/0000-0002-2213-8786 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-01209]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM0446304, GM50781] NR 63 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 2 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 30 BP 9825 EP 9833 AR JA061618X DI 10.1021/ja061618x PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 067CH UT WOS:000239278600060 PM 16866539 ER PT J AU Valeev, EF Coropceanu, V da Silva, DA Salman, S Bredas, JL AF Valeev, Edward F. Coropceanu, Veaceslav da Silva Filho, Demetrio A. Salman, Seyhan Bredas, Jean-Luc TI Effect of electronic polarization on charge-transport parameters in molecular organic semiconductors SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PI-CONJUGATED OLIGOMERS; THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; PENTACENE POLYMORPHS; BAND-STRUCTURE; POLYMERS; MOBILITY; CRYSTAL; IDENTIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; MORPHOLOGY AB Theoretical investigations of charge transport in organic materials are generally based on the "energy splitting in dimer" method and routinely assume that the transport parameters ( site energies and transfer integrals) determined from monomer and dimer calculations can be reliably used to describe extended systems. Here, we demonstrate that this transferability can fail even in molecular crystals with weak van der Waals intermolecular interactions, due to the substantial ( but often ignored) impact of polarization effects, particularly on the site energies. We show that the neglect of electronic polarization leads to qualitatively incorrect values and trends for the transfer integrals computed with the energy splitting method, even in simple prototypes such as ethylene or pentacene dimers. The polarization effect in these systems is largely electrostatic in nature and can change dramatically upon transition from a dimer to an extended system. For example, the difference in site energy for a prototypical "face-to-edge" one-dimensional stack of pentacene molecules is calculated to be 30% greater than that in the "face-to-edge" dimer, whereas the site energy difference in the pentacene crystal is vanishingly small. Importantly, when computed directly in the framework of localized monomer orbitals, the transfer integral values for dimer and extended systems are very similar. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Organ Photon & Elect, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Chem Sci Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Valeev, EF (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM edward.valeev@gatech.edu RI Coropceanu, Veaceslav/B-7961-2008; Bredas, Jean-Luc/A-3431-2008; Salman, Seyhan/I-1175-2012; Valeyev, Eduard/A-5313-2009; Salman, Seyhan/F-3154-2015; DA SILVA FILHO, DEMETRIO/H-9303-2016 OI Bredas, Jean-Luc/0000-0001-7278-4471; Salman, Seyhan/0000-0002-6124-3706; Valeyev, Eduard/0000-0001-9923-6256; DA SILVA FILHO, DEMETRIO/0000-0002-7103-4780 NR 38 TC 369 Z9 373 U1 8 U2 127 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 2 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 30 BP 9882 EP 9886 AR JA061827H DI 10.1021/ja061827h PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 067CH UT WOS:000239278600067 PM 16866546 ER PT J AU Anokhina, EV Go, YB Lee, Y Vogt, T Jacobson, AJ AF Anokhina, Ekaterina V. Go, Yong Bok Lee, Yongjae Vogt, Thomas Jacobson, Allan J. TI Chiral three-dimensional microporous nickel aspartate with extended Ni-O-Ni bonding SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC POROUS MATERIAL; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; X-RAY; COORDINATION POLYMER; SORPTION PROPERTIES; DIFFRACTION DATA; RATIONAL DESIGN; TRIHYDRATE; FRAMEWORK; CHANNELS AB In the course of our investigation aimed at the preparation of homochiral coordination polymers using readily available in optically pure form ligands and building blocks of condensed metal polyhedra, we recently reported a one-dimensional nickel aspartate compound [Ni(2)O(L-Asp)(H(2)O)(2)]center dot 4H(2)O (1) based on helical chains with extended Ni-O-Ni bonding. Here we report a new nickel aspartate [Ni(2.5)(OH)(L-Asp)(2)]center dot 6.55H(2)O (2) with a three-dimensional Ni-O-Ni connectivity that forms at a higher pH and is based on the same helices as in 1 which are connected by additional nickel octahedra to generate a chiral open framework with one-dimensional channels with minimum van der Waals dimensions of 8 x 5 angstrom. The crystal structure of 2 was determined by synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction on a 10 x 10 x 240 mu m crystal. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Phys Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Jacobson, AJ (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM ajjacob@uh.edu RI Vogt, Thomas /A-1562-2011; Lee, Yongjae/K-6566-2016 OI Vogt, Thomas /0000-0002-4731-2787; NR 48 TC 155 Z9 155 U1 3 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 2 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 30 BP 9957 EP 9962 AR JA062743B DI 10.1021/ja062743b PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 067CH UT WOS:000239278600076 PM 16866555 ER PT J AU Bonvento, MJ Moore, WH Button, TM Weinmann, HJ Yakupov, R Dilmanian, FA AF Bonvento, Michael J. Moore, William H. Button, Terry M. Weinmann, Hanns-Joachim Yakupov, Renat Dilmanian, F. Avraham TI CT angiography with gadolinium-based contrast media SO ACADEMIC RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE computed tomography; contrast agent; contrast enhancement; contrast medium; CT angiography; gadolinium contrast agents; iodinated agents; x-ray radiography ID GD-DTPA; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; AGENT; INJECTION; ABDOMEN; SAFETY; CIRCLE AB Rationale and Objectives. To evaluate the potential use of gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast media, especially that of Gadovist, a 1-molar Gd medium, in computed tomography (CT) and compare our findings with standard iodinated contrast media. Material and Methods. Using a live rabbit and an acrylic CT body phantom for comparative CT imaging of Gd- and I-based media. The images were acquired at 80, 100, and 120 kVp, using fixed standard beam filtration. The phantom study used serial dilutions of the Magnevist and Ultravist 300 (2.4-molar 1), whereas the animal study used different volumes of Gadovist, Magnevist (0.5 molar Gd), and Ultravist administered intravenously. Results. At 80 kVp for the same injection volumes of Gadovist and Ultravist, the image contrast enhancement of the aorta with Gadovist was 40% lower than that of Ultravist. In the phantom studies, however, for the same kVp settings the CT image contrast was up to fourfold higher for Gd compared with iodine when comparing the same molar concentrations of the two elements in the solutions. Conclusion. These results indicate a potential of Gd-based media for clinical CT angiography and provide incentive for further investigation of this subject. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Schering AG, Dept Imaging Technol & Preclin Contrast Media Res, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Moore, WH (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, HSC Level 4 Room 120, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM William.Moore@Stonybrook.edu NR 21 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASSOC UNIV RADIOLOGISTS PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523-2251 USA SN 1076-6332 J9 ACAD RADIOL JI Acad. Radiol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 13 IS 8 BP 979 EP 985 DI 10.1016/j.acra.2006.03.019 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 066MU UT WOS:000239234600007 PM 16843850 ER PT J AU Cork, C O'Neill, J Taylor, J Earnest, T AF Cork, Carl O'Neill, James Taylor, John Earnest, Thomas TI Advanced beamline automation for biological crystallography experiments SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID FACILITY; PROTEIN AB An automated crystal- mounting/ alignment system has been developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and has been installed on three of the protein- crystallography experimental stations at the Advanced Light Source ( ALS); it is currently being implemented at synchrotron crystallography beamlines at CHESS, NSLS and the APS. The benefits to using an automounter system include ( i) optimization of the use of synchrotron beam time, ( ii) facilitation of advanced data- collection techniques, ( iii) collection of higher quality data, ( iv) reduction of the risk to crystals and ( v) exploration of systematic studies of experimental protocols. Developments on the next- generation automounter with improvements in robustness, automated alignment and sample tracking are under way, with an end- to- end data- flow process being developed to allow remote data collection and monitoring. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Earnest, T (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tnearnest@lbl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM62648] NR 7 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 62 BP 852 EP 858 DI 10.1107/S0907444906014120 PN 8 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 064WE UT WOS:000239119800002 PM 16855300 ER PT J AU Dauter, Z AF Dauter, Zbigniew TI Estimation of anomalous signal in diffraction data SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-STRUCTURE DETERMINATION; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; ISOMORPHOUS REPLACEMENT; MACROMOLECULAR CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; BIJVOET DIFFERENCES; PHASE DETERMINATION; DATA QUALITY; SCATTERING; CRYSTALS; MAD AB It is difficult to judge objectively the amount and resolution limit of the anomalous signal present in diffraction data. While several criteria can be used for this purpose, the usefulness of these indicators varies and depends on factors such as the data redundancy, the accuracy of the estimation of intensities and their uncertainties, and the properties of the anomalously scattering atoms in the crystal. Various indicators give an approximate measure of the anomalous signal, but do not provide a reliable guarantee that the crystal structure will be solved. The ultimate criterion of the anomalous signal is a successful structure solution. The current data- acquisition and phasing methods are so advanced that it is often possible to phase reflections and obtain preliminary electron- density maps in a few minutes, while the crystal still resides at the experimental station and further data can be collected if necessary. C1 Natl Canc Ctr, Synchrotron Radiat Res Sect, MCL, Argonne Natl Lab,Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dauter, Z (reprint author), Natl Canc Ctr, Synchrotron Radiat Res Sect, MCL, Argonne Natl Lab,Biosci Div, Bldg 202,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dauter@an1.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 62 BP 867 EP 876 DI 10.1107/S0907444906023481 PN 8 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 064WE UT WOS:000239119800004 PM 16855302 ER PT J AU Terwilliger, TC Klei, H Adams, PD Moriarty, NW Cohn, JD AF Terwilliger, Thomas C. Klei, Herbert Adams, Paul D. Moriarty, Nigel W. Cohn, Judith D. TI Automated ligand fitting by core-fragment fitting and extension into density SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-DENSITY; MAPS; LOCATION; BINDING AB A procedure for fitting of ligands to electron- density maps by first fitting a core fragment of the ligand to density and then extending the remainder of the ligand into density is presented. The approach was tested by fitting 9327 ligands over a wide range of resolutions ( most are in the range 0.8 - 4.8 angstrom) from the Protein Data Bank ( PDB) into (F-o - F-c) exp(i phi(c)) difference density calculated using entries from the PDB without these ligands. The procedure was able to place 58% of these 9327 ligands within 2 angstrom ( r. m. s. d.) of the coordinates of the atoms in the original PDB entry for that ligand. The success of the fitting procedure was relatively insensitive to the size of the ligand in the range 10 - 100 non- H atoms and was only moderately sensitive to resolution, with the percentage of ligands placed near the coordinates of the original PDB entry for fits in the range 58 - 73% over all resolution ranges tested. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Bristol Myers Squibb Pharmaceut Res Inst, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Terwilliger, TC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mailstop M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM terwilliger@lanl.gov RI Terwilliger, Thomas/K-4109-2012; Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013; OI Terwilliger, Thomas/0000-0001-6384-0320; Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219; Cohn, Judith/0000-0002-1333-3395 NR 18 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 62 BP 915 EP 922 DI 10.1107/S0907444906017161 PN 8 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 064WE UT WOS:000239119800011 PM 16855309 ER PT J AU DeLaBarre, B Brunger, AT AF DeLaBarre, Byron Brunger, Axel T. TI Considerations for the refinement of low-resolution crystal structures SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; AAA ATPASE; DIFFRACTION; ANGSTROM; RECEPTOR; SUBUNIT; P97/VCP; P97 AB It is often assumed that crystal structures have to be obtained at sufficiently high resolution in order to perform macromolecular refinement. In several recent structures, the threshold of what is considered `acceptable' has been pushed to lower diffraction resolutions. Here, considerations and modifications to standard refinement protocols are described that were used to solve and refine a particular set of lowresolution structures for the ATPase p97/VCP. It was found that reasonable R-free values and good geometry can be achieved upon refinement that includes experimental phase information along with judicious use of restraints at diffraction limits as low as 4.7 angstrom. At this resolution, the topology and the backbone- chain trace are mostly defined, some side- chain positions can be unambiguously assigned and ligands within known binding sites can be identified. Furthermore, large conformational changes can be discerned when structures in different states are available, information that is not easily obtainable by other means. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Mol & Cellular Physiol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Neurol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Neurol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM brunger@stanford.edu OI Brunger, Axel/0000-0001-5121-2036 NR 29 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 62 BP 923 EP 932 DI 10.1107/S0907444906012650 PN 8 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 064WE UT WOS:000239119800012 PM 16855310 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, MA Borek, TT AF Rodriguez, Mark A. Borek, Theodore T. TI 2,4,6-tris(dimethylamino)-1,3,5-trimethylborazine SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL AB In the crystal structure of the title compound, C9H27B3N6, the borazine ring displays significant distortion away from a planar six-membered ring to a boat configuration. The distortion results in layered packing of the molecules to accommodate the distorted borazine rings. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rodriguez, MA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1411, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM marodri@sandia.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD AUG PY 2006 VL 62 BP O3341 EP O3343 DI 10.1107/S1600536806026560 PN 8 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 068RN UT WOS:000239392200201 ER PT J AU Prabu, JR Thamotharan, S Khanduja, JS Alipio, EZ Kim, CY Waldo, GS Terwilliger, TC Segelke, B Lekin, T Toppani, D Hung, LW Yu, MM Bursey, E Muniyappa, K Chandra, NR Vijayan, M AF Prabu, J. Rajan Thamotharan, S. Khanduja, Jasbeer Singh Alipio, Emily Zabala Kim, Chang-Yub Waldo, Geoffrey S. Terwilliger, Thomas C. Segelke, Brent Lekin, Tim Toppani, Dominique Hung, Li-Wei Yu, Minmin Bursey, Evan Muniyappa, K. Chandra, Nagasuma R. Vijayan, M. TI Structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis RuvA, a protein involved in recombination SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY AND CRYSTALLIZATION COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID HOLLIDAY JUNCTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION; BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS; NUCLEOTIDE COMPLEXES; BINDING-PROTEIN; DNA; RECA; IDENTIFICATION AB The process of recombinational repair is crucial for maintaining genomic integrity and generating biological diversity. In association with RuvB and RuvC, RuvA plays a central role in processing and resolving Holliday junctions, which are a critical intermediate in homologous recombination. Here, the cloning, purification and structure determination of the RuvA protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MtRuvA) are reported. Analysis of the structure and comparison with other known RuvA proteins reveal an octameric state with conserved subunit-subunit interaction surfaces, indicating the requirement of octamer formation for biological activity. A detailed analysis of plasticity in the RuvA molecules has led to insights into the invariant and variable regions, thus providing a framework for understanding regional flexibility in various aspects of RuvA function. C1 Indian Inst Sci, Bioinformat Ctr, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Indian Inst Sci, Super Comp Educ & Res Ctr, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Indian Inst Sci, Mol Biophys Unit, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. Indian Inst Sci, Dept Biochem, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Program, Livermore, CA USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Phys, Livermore, CA USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Chandra, NR (reprint author), Indian Inst Sci, Bioinformat Ctr, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. EM nchandra@serc.iisc.ernet.in; mv@mbu.iisc.ernet.in RI Terwilliger, Thomas/K-4109-2012; OI Terwilliger, Thomas/0000-0001-6384-0320; Kim, Chang-Yub/0000-0001-9353-5909; Hung, Li-Wei/0000-0001-6690-8458 NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1744-3091 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR F JI Acta Crystallogr. F-Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 62 BP 731 EP 734 DI 10.1107/S1744309106024791 PN 8 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 068FK UT WOS:000239357900005 PM 16880543 ER PT J AU Sam, MD Abbani, MA Cascio, D Johnson, RC Clubb, RT AF Sam, My D. Abbani, Mohamad A. Cascio, Duilio Johnson, Reid C. Clubb, Robert T. TI Crystallization, dehydration and preliminary X-ray analysis of excisionase (Xis) proteins cooperatively bound to DNA SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY AND CRYSTALLIZATION COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMBINATION; BACTERIOPHAGE-LAMBDA; MOLECULAR REPLACEMENT; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DIRECTIONALITY; COMPLEX; RECEPTOR; BINDING; SEARCH AB This paper describes the crystallization, dehydration and preliminary X-ray data analysis of a complex containing several bacteriophage lambda excisionase ( Xis) [Bushman et al. (1984). Cell, 39, 699-706] proteins cooperatively bound to a 33-mer DNA duplex (Xis-DNA(X1-X2)). Xis is expected to recognize this regulatory element in a novel manner by cooperatively binding and distorting multiple head-to-tail orientated DNA-binding sites. Crystals of this complex belonged to space group P3(1)21 or P3(2)21, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 107.7, c = 73.5 angstrom, alpha = beta = 90, gamma = 120 degrees. Based on the unit-cell parameters for the asymmetric unit, V-M is 3.0 angstrom(3) Da(-1), which corresponds to a solvent content of similar to 59%. The approaches used to crystallize the unusually long DNA fragment in the complex and the dehydration technique applied that dramatically improved the diffraction of the crystals from 10 to 2.6 angstrom are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE, Ctr Gen & Proteom, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Clubb, RT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM rclubb@mbi.ucla.edu NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1744-3091 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR F JI Acta Crystallogr. F-Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 62 BP 825 EP 828 DI 10.1107/S1744309106027643 PN 8 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 068FK UT WOS:000239357900030 PM 16880568 ER PT J AU Biner, SB LLorca, J Morris, JR Kubin, L AF Biner, S. B. LLorca, J. Morris, J. R. Kubin, L. TI Micromechanics and microstructure evolution: Modeling, simulation and experiments held in Madrid/Spain, 11-16 September 2005 - Preface SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Politecn Madrid, Madrid, Spain. Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. CNRS, ONERA, LEM, F-75700 Paris, France. Osaka Univ, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan. RP Biner, SB (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Morris, J/I-4452-2012 OI Morris, J/0000-0002-8464-9047 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 54 IS 13 BP 3405 EP 3405 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.03.001 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 074PH UT WOS:000239823800001 ER PT J AU Pavon, J Jimenez-Pique, E Anglada, M Saiz, E Tomsia, AP AF Pavon, J. Jimenez-Pique, E. Anglada, M. Saiz, E. Tomsia, A. P. TI Monotonic and cyclic Hertzian fracture of a glass coating on titanium-based implants SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Hertzian indentation; coatings; fatigue; fracture; microindentation ID CONTACT; FATIGUE AB Monotonic and cyclic loading fracture by Hertzian (spherical) indentation of a glass-based coating on a Ti(6)Al4V alloy has been investigated. This coating is designed to be used as the inner layer of a bioactive bilayer coating in order to improve the fixation to the hosting bone. The glass used is of the SiO2-CaO-MgO-Na2O-K2O-P2O5 system and it was obtained by an enamelling technique. In particular, this work focuses on the damage induced under Hertzian monotonic and cyclic contact loading in the coating as well as in sintered and fused monolithic glasses with the same chemical composition as the coating. Hertzian contact tests under cyclic loading were performed using as a damage criterion the first appearance of brittle damage (ring crack). A comparison between the damage in the coating under cyclic contact loading and under static loading in air clearly shows a larger degradation under cyclic loading conditions. This is discussed in terms of the existence of a damaged zone ahead of the crack tip due to microcracking between the sintered glass particles which is degraded under cyclic loading. It is also shown that under cyclic loading the time to complete a ring crack is strongly dependent oil the peak load per cycle, but it has a very weak dependence on the load ratio. The results show for the first time the occurrence of cyclic fatigue in sintered glass, in contrast to fused glass where cyclic fatigue does not usually occur. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Ciencia Mat & Engn Met, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pavon, J (reprint author), Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Ciencia Mat & Engn Met, Avda Diagonal 647, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. EM juan.jose.pavon-palacio@upc.es OI Jimenez-Pique, Emilio/0000-0002-6950-611X NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 54 IS 13 BP 3593 EP 3603 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.03.040 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 074PH UT WOS:000239823800019 ER PT J AU Baker, RT Kobayashi, S Leitner, W AF Baker, R. Tom Kobayashi, Shu Leitner, Walter TI Divide et Impera - Multiphase, green solvent and immobilization strategies for molecular catalysis SO ADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS LA English DT Editorial Material ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; CHEMISTRY; LIGANDS; MEDIA C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Tech & Makromol Chem, Lehrstuhl Tech Chem & Petr Chem, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. Max Planck Inst Kohlenforsch, D-45470 Mulheim An Der Ruhr, Germany. RP Baker, RT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, MS J582, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bakertom@lanl.gov; skobayas@mol.f.u-tokyo.jp; leitner@itmc.rwth-aachen.de RI Leitner, Walter/D-3031-2015; Kobayashi, Shu/E-9214-2012 OI Leitner, Walter/0000-0001-6100-9656; NR 42 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-4150 EI 1615-4169 J9 ADV SYNTH CATAL JI Adv. Synth. Catal. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 348 IS 12-13 BP 1337 EP 1340 DI 10.1002/adsc.200600344 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 077QN UT WOS:000240044900001 ER PT J AU Prather, C Fuller, TR King, W Brown, M Moering, M Little, S Phillips, K AF Prather, Cynthia Fuller, Taleria R. King, Winifred Brown, Mari Moering, Marilyn Little, Stacey Phillips, Keydra TI Diffusing an HIV prevention intervention for African American women: Integrating Afrocentric components into the SISTA diffusion strategy SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID RISK-REDUCTION INTERVENTION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; EFFICACY; AIDS AB Although race and gender are not indicators for HIV/AIDS, both have disproportionately impacted African American women. African American women represent 13% of the U.S. female population and 67% of the AIDS cases among women (Fitzpatrick, The U.S. HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Women and Adolescent Females, HIV Prevention Conference, Atlanta, GA, 2005). The statistics underscore the need for targeted interventions that employ culturally relevant activities to enhance self-esteem and communication skills while encouraging positive behavior change. Factors facilitating intervention effectiveness include culturally relevant components such as cultural practices, beliefs, values, norms, and ideologies (Janz et al., "Evaluation of 37 AIDS Projects," Health Education Quarterly, 23(l), 80-97, 1996). HIV prevention programs targeting African American women should incorporate an approach that includes ethnic heritage as a means to instill pride, thereby motivating positive behavior change and empowering women. Afrocentric approaches incorporate philosophies relevant to people of African descent and may be spiritually based. Coupling culturally relevant HIV prevention interventions with a culturally relevant diffusion strategy may enhance community receptiveness. The SISTA intervention (DiClemente & Wingood, "A Randomized Controlled Trial of an HIV Sexual Risk Reduction Intervention for Young African-American Women," Journal of the American Medical Association, 274(16), 1271-1276, 1995) incorporates both culturally and gender-relevant activities to empower African American women to make healthy life choices. The article presents the strategy used to nationally diffuse SISTA, which incorporated Afrocentric components within implementation delivery. Lessons learned demonstrate the significance of integrating additional Afrocentric and gender-relevant material to an existing intervention for African American women. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Bldg Bridges Inc, Jackson, MS USA. Acad Educ Dev, Washington, DC USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Prather, C (reprint author), CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-40, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cdp2@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 18 IS 4 SU A BP 149 EP 160 DI 10.1521/aeap.2006.18.supp.149 PG 12 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 079BY UT WOS:000240151700013 PM 16987096 ER PT J AU Juillot, F Morin, G Ildefonse, P Calas, G Brown, GE AF Juillot, Farid Morin, Guillaume Ildefonse, Philippe Calas, Georges Brown, Gordon E., Jr. TI EXAFS signature of structural Zn at trace levels in natural and synthetic trioctahedral 2 : 1 phyllosilicates SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE zinc; phyllosilicates; EXAFS; FEFF; trace levels ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; OH STRETCHING REGION; OCTAHEDRAL SHEET; INFRARED-SPECTRA; REFINED RELATIONSHIPS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; MICACEOUS MINERALS; CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; ZINC SPECIATION; POLARIZED EXAFS AB EXAFS spectroscopy has been used to determine the medium-range structural environment (within a radius of approximate to 7 angstrom) of trace levels of Zn2+ ions within the octahedral sheets of trioctahedral 2:1 phyllosilicates. EXAFS signatures of trace quantities (800-4000 ppm) of Zn in natural and synthetic trioctahedral 2:1 phyllosilicates (talcs and biotite) were analyzed using ab initio FEFF calculations (FEFF 8.10 code) in which various second-neighbor atomic configurations around a Zn-containing octahedral site were examined. Comparison of the results of these model calculations with observed Zn K-edge EXAFS spectra provides constraints on the distribution of Zn within the octahedral sheet. Zn was found to be randomly distributed within the octahedral sheets of the synthetic talc containing 4000 ppm Zn. In the natural biotite containing 800 ppm Zn, the distribution of Zn could not be determined because of significant Fe content, which precluded unambiguous FEFF analysis. Finally, FEFF analysis of single-scattering and multiple-scattering contributions to the EXAFS data of the Zn-dilute talc sample, followed by comparison with EXAFS data from a natural dioctahedral illite sample containing 140 ppm Zn, allowed unambiguous identification of spectral features characteristic of Zn2+ ions incorporated within the octahedral sheets of trioctahedral phyllosilicates. These results indicate that EXAFS spectroscopy can be used to distinguish between incorporation of trace levels of Zn2+ ions within the octahedral sheet of di- or trioctahedral phyllosilicates. They also provide a strong basis for determining the speciation of Zn at trace concentration levels in natural phyllosilicates from Zn-contaminated soils and sediments using Zn K-edge EXAFS spectroscopy. Because the crystal chemistry of other potentially toxic first-row divalent transition elements (i.e., Co2+, Ni2+, and Cu2+) is similar to that of Zn2+, this FEFF-based EXAFS approach could be used to (1) complement existing FTIR and polarized-EXAFS approaches in assessing the distribution of these elements within the octahedral sheets of di- and trioctahedral plyllosilicates and (2) better determine the speciation of these elements in contaminated soils and sediments. C1 Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7590, IMPMC,IPGP, F-75015 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, CNRS, UMR 7590, IMPMC,IPGP, F-75015 Paris, France. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Juillot, F (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7590, IMPMC,IPGP, Campus Boucicaut, F-75015 Paris, France. EM juillot@impmc.jussieu.fr RI Calas, Georges/B-2445-2012; JUILLOT, Farid/G-7943-2016 OI Calas, Georges/0000-0003-0525-5734; NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 91 IS 8-9 BP 1432 EP 1441 DI 10.2138/am.2006.1923 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 077YW UT WOS:000240068700023 ER PT J AU Hollars, CW Puls, J Bakajin, O Olsan, B Talley, CE Lane, SM Huser, T AF Hollars, Christopher W. Puls, Jana Bakajin, Olgica Olsan, Brad Talley, Chad E. Lane, Stephen M. Huser, Thomas TI Bio-assay based on single molecule fluorescence detection in microfluidic channels SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biomedical assay; colocalization; image cross-correlation; microfluidics; single molecule fluorescence; TIRF ID CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; MICROSCOPY; TECHNOLOGIES; ADSORPTION; REDUCTION; SURFACES AB A rapid bioassay is described based on the detection of colocalized fluorescent DNA probes bound to DNA targets in a pressure-driven solution flowing through a planar microfluidic channel. By employing total internal reflection excitation of the fluorescent probes and illumination of almost the entire flow channel, single fluorescent molecules can be efficiently detected leading to the rapid analysis of nearly the entire solution flowed through the device. Cross-correlation between images obtained from two spectrally distinct probes is used to determine the target concentration and efficiently reduces the number of false positives. The rapid analysis of DNA targets in the low pM range in less than a minute is demonstrated. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, NSF, Ctr Biophoton Sci & Technol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Hollars, CW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM chollars@llnl.gov RI Bakajin, Olgica/A-9745-2008; Huser, Thomas/H-1195-2012 OI Huser, Thomas/0000-0003-2348-7416 NR 24 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 385 IS 8 BP 1384 EP 1388 DI 10.1007/s00216-006-0561-8 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 072AE UT WOS:000239644200007 PM 16802123 ER PT J AU Gritti, F Guiochon, G AF Gritti, Fabrice Guiochon, Georges TI General HETP equation for the study of mass-transfer mechanisms in RPLC SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHASE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SURFACE-DIFFUSION; TRANSFER KINETICS; PACKED-BEDS; DISPERSION; TRANSPORT; MOVEMENT; COLUMNS; SIZE AB Classical HETP equations including the Van Deemter and the Knox equations, are semiempirical, approximate equations that provide apparent mass-transfer coefficients with little sound physical justifications. The conventional A and B coefficients are revisited, the former through the use of the fundamental theory of eddy diffusion due to Giddings, the latter by taking into account the intraparticle diffusion ( pore and surface diffusion). Our work confirms that eddy diffusion originated from three different sources in RPLC: trans-channel, short-range interchannel, and long-range interchannel velocity biases. Accordingly, the eddy diffusion term is given by the ratio of two third-degree polynomials. Finally, the C term is the sum of two terms corresponding to the resistance to mass transfer due to diffusion through the external stationary film of liquid phase surrounding the silica particles and to the classical resistances to mass transfer due to diffusion through the silica particles. It is easily related to the physical characteristics of the phenomena involved. Experimental HETP data were derived from moment analysis for phenol on a C-18-Sunfire column, with a mixture of acetonitrile and water as the mobile phase (15/85, v/v). The linear interstitial velocity ranged between 0.027 cm/s and 4.7 mL/min, and six temperature (21, 36, 45, 55, 67, and 77 degrees C) were applied successively. The HETP equation obtained was tested to study the mass-transfer mechanism. An excellent agreement was found between the experimental and theoretical HETP. The model allows the precise calculation of the activation energy for surface diffusion (E-S = 31.3 kJ/mol) and the coefficient, that relates the restriction energy for molecular diffusion on the C-18-bonded surface to the isosteric heat of adsorption Q(st) (beta = 0.80). C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 31 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 15 BP 5329 EP 5347 DI 10.1021/ac060203r PG 19 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 068RW UT WOS:000239393100022 PM 16878867 ER PT J AU Chirica, G Lachmann, J Chan, J AF Chirica, G. Lachmann, J. Chan, J. TI Size exclusion chromatography of microliter volumes for on-line use in low-pressure microfluidic systems SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROSPRAY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ESI-MS; MICRODIALYSIS; PROTEINS; ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY; SEPARATIONS; INSTRUMENT; MEMBRANES; DIALYSIS AB We have developed a new cartridge format for on-line size exclusion processing in low-pressure, portable microfluidic devices. The described system allows size exclusion chromatography of microliter volumes ( termed mu L-SEC) to be performed with ready integration in complex protocols for continuous-flow sample processing and analysis. The refillable cartridge format was employed for the preparation of Bacillus subtilus spores lysed in the presence of a strong reducing agent. While the reducing agent is known to interfere with subsequent fluorescent labeling of the solubilized proteins, the described continuous-flow size exclusion processing allowed complete isolation of interferences from a 10-mu L sample in 70 s. Following efficient labeling, the protein sample was injected and separated on-chip using gel electrophoresis. To increase the resolution, speed, and sample capacity of buffer exchange under low-pressure operation ( 40 psi), parameters such as the size exclusion resin, load volumes, flow rates, buffer composition, and cartridge geometry were optimized and are presented here. The mu L-SEC analysis is compatible with automated sample preparation for microfluidic systems and has resulted in significantly increased analysis speed and throughput over benchtop methods. The presented technique has the potential to improve capabilities such as buffer exchange, size fractionation, and high-abundance protein removals steps that are frequently required prior to on-chip, point-of-care, and mass spectrometric analyses. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chirica, G (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave,Bldg 929,MS 9291, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM gschiri@sandia.gov NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 15 BP 5362 EP 5368 DI 10.1021/ac060258t PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 068RW UT WOS:000239393100025 PM 16878870 ER PT J AU Perkins, J Clavijo, A Hindson, BJ Lenhoff, RJ McBride, MT AF Perkins, Julie Clavijo, Alfonso Hindson, Benjamin J. Lenhoff, Raymond J. McBride, Mary T. TI Multiplexed detection of antibodies to nonstructural proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID VACCINATED CATTLE; DIFFERENTIATING INFECTION; ELISA; 3D; RECOMBINANT; ASSAY; 3ABC; IDENTIFICATION; CONVALESCENT; RECOGNITION AB Liquid array technology was used to develop a multiplexed assay for the detection of antibodies to viral nonstructural proteins (NSPs), raised in cattle in response to infection with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus. Two assays, one based on recombinant NSPs and the other on synthetically produced peptides, were developed and compared side-by-side. Serum samples from serial bleeds of cattle, each experimentally infected with one of the seven serotypes (C, A, O, Asia, SAT1, SAT2, SAT3) of FMD virus were analyzed. A distinct pattern in the detection of NSP antibodies and a close correlation of the recombinant protein and peptide-based assays were observed. The detection of antibodies to NSPs is a method to differentiate FMD-infected and FMD-vaccinated animals, and a high-throughput assay would be an invaluable tool in the case of an outbreak of FMD in North America, when emergency vaccination may be utilized to spare vaccinated, noninfected animals from slaughter and subsequent disposal. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Natl Ctr Foreign Anim Dis, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada. RP McBride, MT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM mcbride2@llnl.gov NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 15 BP 5462 EP 5468 DI 10.1021/ac060235e PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 068RW UT WOS:000239393100038 PM 16878883 ER PT J AU Egorov, OB O'Hara, MJ Grate, JW AF Egorov, Oleg B. O'Hara, Matthew J. Grate, Jay W. TI Equilibration-based preconcentrating minicolumn sensors for trace level monitoring of radionuclides and metal ions in water without consumable reagents SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID EXTRACTIVE SCINTILLATING RESIN; NUCLEAR-WASTE; SIMULTANEOUS SEPARATION; AUTOMATED-ANALYSIS; CHROMIUM; TC-99; CHROMATOGRAPHY; ACTINIDES; SR-90 AB A sensor technique is described that captures analyte species on a preconcentrating minicolumn containing a selective solid-phase sorbent. In this approach, the sample is pumped through the column until the sorbent phase is fully equilibrated with the sample concentration, and the exit concentration equals the inlet concentration. On-column detection of the captured analytes using radiometric and spectroscopic methods is demonstrated. In trace level detection applications, this sensor provides a steady-state signal that is proportional to sample analyte concentration and is reversible. The method is demonstrated for the detection of Tc-99 using anion-exchange beads mixed with scintillating beads and light detection, Sr-90 using SuperLig 620 beads mixed with scintillating beads and light detection; and hexavalent chromium detection using anion-exchange beads with spectroscopic detection. Theory has been developed to describe the signal at equilibration and to describe analyte uptake as a function of volume and concentration, using parameters and concepts from frontal chromatography. It is shown that experimental sensor behavior closely matches theoretical predictions and that effective sensors can be prepared using low plate number columns. This sensor modality has many desirable characteristics for in situ sensors for trace level contaminant long-term monitoring where the use of consumable reagents for sensor regeneration would be undesirable. Initial experiments in groundwater matrixes demonstrated the detection of Tc-99 at drinking water level standards (activity of 0.033 Bq/mL) and detection of hexavalent chromium to levels below drinking water standards of 50 ppb. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Grate, JW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jwgrate@pnl.gov OI O'Hara, Matthew/0000-0003-3982-5897 NR 39 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 15 BP 5480 EP 5490 DI 10.1021/ac060355m PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 068RW UT WOS:000239393100041 PM 16878886 ER PT J AU Steen, DA Aresco, MJ Beilke, SG Compton, BW Condon, EP Dodd, CK Forrester, H Gibbons, JW Greene, JL Johnson, G Langen, TA Oldham, MJ Oxier, DN Saumure, RA Schueler, FW Sleeman, JM Smith, LL Tucker, JK Gibbs, JP AF Steen, D. A. Aresco, M. J. Beilke, S. G. Compton, B. W. Condon, E. P. Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr. Forrester, H. Gibbons, J. W. Greene, J. L. Johnson, G. Langen, T. A. Oldham, M. J. Oxier, D. N. Saumure, R. A. Schueler, F. W. Sleeman, J. M. Smith, L. L. Tucker, J. K. Gibbs, J. P. TI Relative vulnerability of female turtles to road mortality SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE data synthesis; highways; nesting migrations; road mortality; reptile; roads; sex ratio; turtles ID FRESH-WATER TURTLES; SEX-RATIO; LANDSCAPE COMPOSITION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; HABITAT FEATURES; MOVEMENT; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; WILDLIFE; PATTERNS AB Recent studies suggest that freshwater turtle populations are becoming increasingly male-biased. A hypothesized cause is a greater vulnerability of female turtles to road mortality. We evaluated this hypothesis by comparing sex ratios from published and unpublished population surveys of turtles conducted on- versus off-roads. Among 38 166 turtles from 157 studies reporting sex ratios, we found a consistently larger female fraction in samples from on-roads (61%) than off-roads (41%). We conclude that female turtles are indeed more likely to cross roadways than are males, which may explain recently reported skewed sex ratios near roadways and signify eventual population declines as females are differentially eliminated. C1 Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Pacific NW Turtle Project, Portland, OR USA. Univ Massachusetts, Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USGS, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. Turtle Rescue New Jersey, Hardwick, NJ USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. SUNY Coll Potsdam, Dept Biol, Potsdam, NY 13676 USA. Clarkson Univ, Dept Biol, Potsdam, NY USA. Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Nat Heritage Informat Ctr, Peterborough, ON, Canada. Ohio Dept Nat Resources Wildlife Rehabil, Arrowhead Reptile Rescue, Cincinnati, OH USA. McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ, Canada. Bishops Mills Nat Hist Ctr, Bishops Mills, ON, Canada. Wildlife Ctr Virginia, Waynesboro, VA USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Great Rivers Field Stn, Brighton, IL USA. SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Steen, DA (reprint author), Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Route 2,Box 2324, Newton, GA USA. EM David.Steen@jonesctr.org OI Saumure, Raymond/0000-0002-9539-8415 NR 28 TC 77 Z9 86 U1 6 U2 129 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1367-9430 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 9 IS 3 BP 269 EP 273 DI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2006.00032.x PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 064TS UT WOS:000239112600007 ER PT J AU Richardson, JI Hall, DB Mason, PA Andrews, KM Bjorkland, R Cai, Y Bell, R AF Richardson, J. I. Hall, D. B. Mason, P. A. Andrews, K. M. Bjorkland, R. Cai, Y. Bell, R. TI Eighteen years of saturation tagging data reveal a significant increase in nesting hawksbill sea turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) on Long Island, Antigua SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE population growth; neophyte; remigrant; West Indies; predictive models; endangered species; marine turtles ID MODELS AB Hawksbill sea turtle Eretmochelys imbricata nesting on Long Island, Antigua, West Indies (also known as Jumby Bay) has been monitored since 1987. Although the numbers of nesting females remained relatively constant for the first 11 survey seasons (1987-1997), inclusion of more recent data (1998-2004) in the analysis reveals a statistically significant upward trend. In particular, neophytes have shown a significant upturn in numbers, whereas the remigrant subpopulation has remained stationary. This indicates that recruitment is driving the upward trend in the total number of nesters. Predictive models based on the Poisson distribution suggest that the neophyte subpopulation will continue to grow in size by an average of 10% per annum. Model-based predictions and their limitations are discussed. The Jumby Bay Hawksbill Project, which has monitored and protected nesting hawksbills and their eggs since the project's onset, is one among several factors that may contribute to the recent increase in nesting females. C1 Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Stat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP Mason, PA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM chelys44@yahoo.com NR 38 TC 34 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1367-9430 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 9 IS 3 BP 302 EP 307 DI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2006.00036.x PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 064TS UT WOS:000239112600011 ER PT J AU Clark, ME He, Q He, Z Huang, KH Alm, EJ Wan, XF Hazen, TC Arkin, AP Wall, JD Zhou, JZ Fields, MW AF Clark, M. E. He, Q. He, Z. Huang, K. H. Alm, E. J. Wan, X. -F. Hazen, T. C. Arkin, A. P. Wall, J. D. Zhou, J. -Z. Fields, M. W. TI Temporal transcriptomic analysis as Desulfovibrio vulgaris hildenborough transitions into stationary phase during electron donor depletion SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEAT-SHOCK RESPONSE; FERROUS IRON UPTAKE; SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENE-EXPRESSION; GLOBAL ANALYSIS; PROTEIN; GROWTH; REDUCTION; STRESS AB Desulfovibrio vulgaris was cultivated in a defined medium, and biomass was sampled for approximately 70 h to characterize the shifts in gene expression as cells transitioned from the exponential to the stationary phase during electron donor depletion. In addition to temporal transcriptomics, total protein, carbohydrate, lactate, acetate, and sulfate levels were measured. The microarray data were examined for statistically significant expression changes, hierarchical cluster analysis, and promoter element prediction and were validated by quantitative PCR. As the cells transitioned from the exponential phase to the stationary phase, a majority of the down-expressed genes were involved in translation and transcription, and this trend continued at the remaining times. There were general increases in relative expression for intracellular trafficking and secretion, ion transport, and coenzyme metabolism as the cells entered the stationary phase. As expected, the DNA replication machinery was down-expressed, and the expression of genes involved in DNA repair increased during the stationary phase. Genes involved in amino acid acquisition, carbohydrate metabolism, energy production, and cell envelope biogenesis did not exhibit uniform transcriptional responses. Interestingly, most phage-related genes were up-expressed at the onset of the stationary phase. This result suggested that nutrient depletion may affect community dynamics and DNA transfer mechanisms of sulfate-reducing bacteria via the phage cycle. The putative feoAB system (in addition to other presumptive iron metabolism genes) was significantly up-expressed, and this suggested the possible importance of Fe2+ acquisition under metal-reducing conditions. The expression of a large subset of carbohydrate-related genes was altered, and the total cellular carbohydrate levels declined during the growth phase transition. Interestingly, the D. vulgaris genome does not contain a putative rpoS gene, a common attribute of the delta-Proteobacteria genomes sequenced to date, and the transcription profiles of other putative rpo genes were not significantly altered. Our results indicated that in addition to expected changes (e.g., energy conversion, protein turnover, translation, transcription, and DNA replication and repair), genes related to phage, stress response, carbohydrate flux, the outer envelope, and iron homeostasis played important roles as D. vulgaris cells experienced electron donor depletion. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Microbiol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge 37881, TN USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Inst Environm Genom, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Fields, MW (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Microbiol, Pearson Hall,Rm 32, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM fieldsmw@muohio.edu RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008; He, Qiang/G-9061-2011; He, Zhili/C-2879-2012; Hazen, Terry/C-1076-2012 OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931; He, Qiang/0000-0002-7155-6474; Hazen, Terry/0000-0002-2536-9993 NR 56 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 72 IS 8 BP 5578 EP 5588 DI 10.1128/AEM.00248-06 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 073ZC UT WOS:000239780400055 PM 16885312 ER PT J AU Semelsberger, TA Ott, KC Borup, RL Greene, HL AF Semelsberger, Troy A. Ott, Kevin C. Borup, Rodney L. Greene, Howard L. TI Generating hydrogen-rich fuel-cell feeds from dimethyl ether (DME) using Cu/Zn supported on various solid-acid substrates SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL LA English DT Article DE dimethyl ether; hydrolysis; zeolites; methanol; alumina; zirconia; acidity; ZSM-5; Y; steam reforming; hydrogen; fuel cells ID SYNTHESIS GAS; CATALYTIC DEHYDRATION; METHANOL SYNTHESIS; SILICA-ALUMINA; NATURAL-GAS; CU; ADSORPTION; CONVERSION; HYDROLYSIS; MIXTURES AB Several incipient wetness prepared catalysts containing copper and zinc were prepared in-house and reactor tested for the production of hydrogen from dimethyl ether steam reforming (DME-SR). The incorporation of copper and zinc onto a solid acid substrate (viz., zeolites ZSM-5 and Y with Si/Al = 2.5-140, gamma-Al2O3, and ZrO2) Combined the catalytic components for DME hydrolysis to methanol (MeOH) and methanol steam reforming (MeOH-SR) into a single catalyst. Catalyst characterizations included BET surface areas, metal loading, acidity measurements using isopropyl amine, thermogravimetric uptakes of DME, and X-ray diffraction studies. One co-ion exchange sample was tested and was found to be inactive toward DME-SR because of its inactivity toward methanol steam reforming. The most active catalyst was copper-zinc supported on gamma-Al2O3, reaching an equilibrium predicted hydrogen yield of 89% (steam-to-carbon ratio (S/C) = 1.5, space-time(tau) = 1.0 s, T = 400 degrees C, and P-abs = 0.78 atm). Of the zeolite-supported Cu/Zn catalysts, copper-zinc supported on zeolite ZSM-5 with a Si-Al ratio of 25 was observed to be the most active with a hydrogen yield of 55% (S/C = 1.5, tau = 1.0 s, T = 275 degrees C, and P-abs = 0.78 atm). (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Semelsberger, TA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM troy@lanl.gov RI 孙, 兆松/E-8654-2011 NR 51 TC 64 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-860X J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 309 IS 2 BP 210 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.apcata.2006.05.009 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 067GB UT WOS:000239288800008 ER PT J AU Deng, YJ Harsh, JB Flury, M Young, JS Boyle, JS AF Deng, Youjun Harsh, James B. Flury, Markus Young, James S. Boyle, Jeffrey S. TI Mineral formation during simulated leaks of Hanford waste tanks SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CANCRINITE PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; SPENT BAYER LIQUOR; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; HYPERALKALINE CONDITIONS; NITRATE-CANCRINITE; COLLOID FORMATION; SODALITE; PRECIPITATION; SEDIMENTS; DISSOLUTION AB Highly-alkaline waste solutions have leaked from underground tanks at the US DOE Hanford Site, Washington, causing mineral dissolution and re-precipitation upon contact with subsurface sediments. The main mineral precipitation and transformation pathways were studied in solutions mimicking tank leak conditions at the US DOE Hanford Site. In batch experiments, Si-rich solutions, representing dissolved silicate minerals, were mixed with caustic tank simulants. The tank wastes encompass a large range of chemical compositions. The effect of the following factors on mineral transformations were investigated: temperature (22, 50 and 80 degrees C), concentration of NaOH (from 0 to 16 M), 6 types of common inorganic anions in the tank supernatant, concentration of NaNO3 (the most abundant electrolyte in the tanks), and the Si/Al ratio in the starting solutions. Precipitates were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. A general mineral transformation pathway was observed: poorly crystalline aluminosilicate -> Linde Type A (LTA) zeolite -> cancrinite/sodalite. Cancrinite and sodalite were the two stable mineral phases. The concentration of NaOH and the type of anion played the determinative roles in mineral formation and transformation. Increasing NaOH concentration and temperature favored the formation of cancrinite and socialite. Cancrinite formed in the presence of NO3- or SO42-; socialite formed in the presence of Cl- or NO2-. The experiments indicate that (1) NaOH is a mineralization agent in the mineral transformation and the anions served as templates in the formation of cancrinite and sodalite by forming ion-pairs with Na+ and (2) cancrinite and sodalite with various morphologies and crystallinity should form in the contaminated sediments. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Ctr Multiphase Environm Res, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Harsh, JB (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Ctr Multiphase Environm Res, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM harsh@wsu.edu RI Flury, Markus/H-2983-2012; Harsh, James/C-7455-2014 OI Flury, Markus/0000-0002-3344-3962; Harsh, James/0000-0002-0177-3342 NR 42 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1392 EP 1409 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.05.002 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 081DO UT WOS:000240297600012 ER PT J AU Wayne, DM Diaz, TA Fairhurst, RJ Orndorff, RL Pete, DV AF Wayne, David M. Diaz, Tammy A. Fairhurst, Robert J. Orndorff, Richard L. Pete, Douglas V. TI Direct major- and trace-element analyses of rock varnish by high resolution laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID ATOMIC EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY; BIOGENIC MANGANESE OXIDES; DESERT VARNISH; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; HEAVY-METALS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; RESPONSE VARIATIONS; EPIPHYTIC LICHENS; TERRESTRIAL MOSS; CARSON DESERT AB Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) was used to determine major and trace element concentrations in rock varnish samples from the Lahontan Range, near Fallon, NV and from a remote wilderness area near the San Juan River, in southeastern Utah. The data indicate that rapid LA-ICPMS analyses provide ample analytical resolution for semi-quantitative compositional determinations of both trace and major elements in the varnish despite the presence of a rock substrate component in most analyses. The overall major element contents of rock varnish from the two localities are grossly similar to rock varnish from other locations analyzed by solution ICPMS, electron microprobe, and energy dispersive scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Differences between microprobe and LA-ICPMS analyses may stem from different sampling scales and different degrees of substrate involvement. It was possible to detect significant variations in trace element contents in the rock varnish samples. The Lahontan Range is situated within a belt of W mineralization, and varnish from that locality contained significantly higher W and Mo contents than varnish from localities outside the W belt. Lead, Tl, Bi, Cd and As contents of varnish-coated pebbles from near the San Juan River in southeastern Utah, varied by an order of magnitude as a function of the position of the sampling site on the pebble. Elevated heavy element contents on the skyward-facing varnish surfaces indicate that heavy elements may be preferentially scavenged at the locations most likely to receive direct inputs of atmospherically-deposited airborne particulates. The source of metal-rich airborne particulates, in this case, is probably any one of several large coal-fired power plants in the Four Corners region, proximal to the San Juan study area. These patterns indicate that rock varnish chemistry is influenced by atmospherically-derived fluxes of both dissolved and particulate constituents, and that rock varnish can be used as a passive environmental indicator for a wide variety of elements, in much the same manner as moss and lichens. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, NMT15, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Geosci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Eastern Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, NMT16, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wayne, DM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, NMT15, MS-E530, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM d-wayne@lanl.gov NR 123 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1410 EP 1431 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.04.005 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 081DO UT WOS:000240297600013 ER PT J AU Hwang, C Wu, WM Gentry, TJ Carley, J Carroll, SL Schadt, C Watson, D Jardine, PM Zhou, J Hickey, RF Criddle, CS Fields, MW AF Hwang, C. Wu, W. -M. Gentry, T. J. Carley, J. Carroll, S. L. Schadt, C. Watson, D. Jardine, P. M. Zhou, J. Hickey, R. F. Criddle, C. S. Fields, M. W. TI Changes in bacterial community structure correlate with initial operating conditions of a field-scale denitrifying fluidized bed reactor SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; SP NOV.; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; GEN. NOV.; URANIUM; GROUNDWATER; WASTE; IDENTIFICATION; REDUCTION; DYNAMICS AB High levels of nitrate are present in groundwater migrating from the former waste disposal ponds at the Y-12 National Security Complex in Oak Ridge, TN. A field-scale denitrifying fluidized bed reactor (FBR) was designed, constructed, and operated with ethanol as an electron donor for the removal of nitrate. After inoculation, biofilms developed on the granular activated carbon particles. Changes in the bacterial community of the FBR were evaluated with clone libraries (n=500 partial sequences) of the small-subunit rRNA gene for samples taken over a 4-month start-up period. Early phases of start-up operation were characterized by a period of selection, followed by low diversity and predominance by Azoarcus-like sequences. Possible explanations were high pH and nutrient limitations. After amelioration of these conditions, diversification increased rapidly, with the appearance of Dechloromonas, Pseudomonas, and Hydrogenophaga sequences. Changes in NO3, SO4, and pH also likely contributed to shifts in community composition. The detection of sulfate-reducing-bacteria-like sequences closely related to Desulfovibrio and Desulfuromonas in the FBR have important implications for downstream applications at the field site. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Microbiol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Ecovation Inc, Victor, NY USA. RP Fields, MW (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Microbiol, Rm 32,Pearson Hall, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM fieldsmw@muohio.edu RI Schadt, Christopher/B-7143-2008; Watson, David/C-3256-2016 OI Schadt, Christopher/0000-0001-8759-2448; Watson, David/0000-0002-4972-4136 NR 33 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 71 IS 5 BP 748 EP 760 DI 10.1007/s00253-005-0189-1 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 065PI UT WOS:000239171400019 PM 16292532 ER PT J AU Viamajala, S Bereded-Samuel, Y Apel, WA Petersen, JN AF Viamajala, Sridhar Bereded-Samuel, Yared Apel, William A. Petersen, James N. TI Selenite reduction by a denitrifying culture: batch- and packed-bed reactor studies SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELEMENTAL SELENIUM; SELENATE REDUCTION; KESTERSON RESERVOIR; RESPIRING BACTERIA; THAUERA-SELENATIS; WATER; ENVIRONMENT; OXYANIONS; SEDIMENTS; TRANSFORMATIONS AB Selenite reduction by a bacterial consortium enriched from an oil refinery waste sludge was studied under denitrifying conditions using acetate as the electron donor. Fed-batch studies with nitrate as the primary electron acceptor showed that accumulation of nitrite led to a decrease in the extent of selenite reduction. Also, when nitrite was added as the primary electron acceptor, rapid selenite reduction was observed only after nitrite was significantly depleted from the medium. These results indicate that selenite reduction was inhibited at high nitrite concentrations. In addition to batch experiments, continuous-flow selenite reduction experiments were performed in packed-bed columns using immobilized enrichment cultures. These experiments were carried out in three phases: in phase I, a continuous nitrate feed with different inlet selenite concentration was applied; in phase II, nitrate was fed in a pulsed fashion; and in phase III, nitrate was fed in a continuous mode but at much lower concentrations than the other two phases. During the phase I experiments, little selenite was removed from the influent. However, when the column was operated in the pulse feed strategy (phase 11) or in the continuous mode with low nitrate levels (phase 111), significant quantities of selenium were removed from solution and retained in the immobilization matrix in the column. Thus, immobilized denitrifying cultures can be effective in removing selenium from waste streams, but nitrate-limited operating conditions might be required. C1 Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Dept Biol Sci, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Multiphase Environm Res, Dept Chem Engn, WSU NSF IGERT, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Apel, WA (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Dept Biol Sci, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM William.Apel@inl.gov RI Petersen, James/B-8924-2008 NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 71 IS 6 BP 953 EP 962 DI 10.1007/s00253-005-0276-3 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 081YP UT WOS:000240353800023 PM 16432744 ER PT J AU Jellison, GE Hunn, JD Rouleau, CM AF Jellison, Gerald E., Jr. Hunn, John D. Rouleau, Christopher M. TI Normal-incidence generalized ellipsometry using the two-modulator generalized ellipsometry microscope SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID MUELLER MATRIX; OPTICAL FUNCTIONS; POLARIMETER; 2-MGE; TIO2 AB A new microscope is described that is capable of measuring the polarization characteristics of materials in normal-incidence reflection with a demonstrated lateral resolution of 4 mu m. The instrument measures eight parameters of the sample Mueller matrix, which can be related to the diattenuation, retardation, circular diattenuation, direction of the principal axis, and the polarization factor. With proper calibration, the eight elements of the sample Mueller matrix can be determined to better than 0.001-0.002 for small values. Examples are given for aluminum, rutile (TiO2), and calcite (CaCO3). (C) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jellison, GE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jellisongejr@ornl.gov RI Rouleau, Christopher/Q-2737-2015 OI Rouleau, Christopher/0000-0002-5488-3537 NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 22 BP 5479 EP 5488 DI 10.1364/AO.45.005479 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 068YN UT WOS:000239411400004 PM 16855646 ER PT J AU Buthelezi, EZ Nortier, FM Schroeder, IW AF Buthelezi, E. Z. Nortier, F. M. Schroeder, I. W. TI Excitation functions for the production of Sr-82 by proton bombardment of Rb-nat at energies up to 100 MeV SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE strontium-82; excitation function; yield ID INDUCED NUCLEAR-REACTIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; RADIONUCLIDES; COPPER; 70-MEV; NA-22; AL AB The excitation functions for the production of Sr-82 and other radionuclides produced in the proton bombardment of rubidium were measured by means of the activation technique. Stacks were assembled from RbCI targets, aluminium and copper monitor foils and bombarded with protons of energy up to 100 MeV and nominal current 0.1 mu A. The measured data were compared with the theoretical calculations obtained by means of ALICE-IPPE, and also with previously published data. The measured data sets exhibit good agreement at incident energies below 45 MeV and greater than 60 MeV but show large discrepancies in the energy range between these values. The ALICE-IPPE calculations evidently overestimate all reported experimental cross sections, in particular overestimating the present data by a factor of 1.6. Notwithstanding the fact that there are discrepancies in the cross sections, good agreement is found with regards to the shape of the excitation function. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 iThemba LABS, ZA-7129 Somerset West, South Africa. LANL, Isotopes & Nucl Chem Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. SANS Fibre, ZA-7530 Western Cape, South Africa. RP Buthelezi, EZ (reprint author), iThemba LABS, Box 722, ZA-7129 Somerset West, South Africa. EM zinhle@tlabs.ac.za NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 64 IS 8 BP 915 EP 924 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2006.03.009 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 060NR UT WOS:000238809400011 PM 16698273 ER PT J AU Brauns, EB Dyer, RB AF Brauns, Eric B. Dyer, R. Brian TI Fourier transform hyperspectral visible imaging and the nondestructive analysis of potentially fraudulent documents SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE hyperspectral visible imaging; document examination; Fourier transform spectroscopy; fuzzy c-means; cluster analysis AB The work presented in this paper details the design and performance characteristics of a new hyperspectral visible imaging technique. Rather than using optical filters or a dispersing element, this design implements Fourier transform spectroscopy to achieve spectral discrimination. One potentially powerful application of this new technology is the nondestructive analysis and authentication of written and printed documents. Document samples were prepared using red, blue, and black inks. The samples were later altered using a different ink of the same color. While the alterations are undetectable to the naked eye, the alterations involving the blue and black inks were easily detected when the spectrally resolved images were viewed. Analysis of the sample using the red inks was unsuccessful. A 2004 series $20 bill was imaged to demonstrate the application to document authentication. The results argue that counterfeit detection and quality control during printing are plausible applications of Fourier transform hyperspectral visible imaging. All of the images were subjected to fuzzy c-means cluster analysis in an effort to objectively analyze and automate image analysis. Our results show that cluster analysis can distinguish image features that have remarkably similar visible transmission spectra. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brauns, EB (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, POB 442343, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM ebrauns@uidaho.edu NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 60 IS 8 BP 833 EP 840 DI 10.1366/000370206778062093 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 075VF UT WOS:000239912900001 PM 16925917 ER PT J AU Thompson, CJ Riley, RG Amonette, JE Gassman, PL AF Thompson, Christopher J. Riley, Robert G. Amonette, James E. Gassman, Paul L. TI Quantification of volatile organics in soil aging experiments using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; FT-IR spectroscopy; mid-infrared; supercritical fluids; multiple linear regression; MLR; volatile organic compounds ID SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION; TOTAL PETROLEUM-HYDROCARBONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SPECTROMETRY; CHEMICALS; SOLUBILITY; XENON AB On-line Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was applied to monitor the concentration of halogenated volatile organic compounds in a sample-preparation process that simulates long-term, slow accumulation of contaminants in soils (i.e., aging). Artificial aging is conducted by circulating a supercritical fluid solution containing the contaminant(s) of interest through a packed soil column. Mid-infrared spectra of several volatile halocarbons were measured in supercritical Xe and CO2 to evaluate possible interferences from the strong absorption Of CO(2)Although some of the C-X bands were partially masked in supercritical CO2, all of the compounds studied had distinct spectral features in the region 1400-700 cm(-1) and could be monitored in either solvent. Quantitative measurements of halogenated volatile organics in supercritical CO2 were demonstrated with CCl4. Excellent results were obtained over the range 7-280 mM. Representative artificial aging experiments were conducted on two test soils using CCl4 as the contaminant. On-line (FT-IR) estimates of the aged soil concentrations were 1.3-4.4 times higher than off-line concentrations obtained by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The discrepancies were primarily ascribed to post-aging losses that occurred during depressurization and subsequent sample handling. FT-IR spectroscopy is shown to be a powerful tool for monitoring soil loading behavior and for developing artificial aging protocols. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Thompson, CJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Chris.Thompson@pnl.gov NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 60 IS 8 BP 914 EP 919 DI 10.1366/000370206778062156 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 075VF UT WOS:000239912900012 PM 16925928 ER PT J AU Adan-Bayewitz, D Asaro, F Giauque, RD AF Adan-Bayewitz, D. Asaro, F. Giauque, R. D. TI The discovery of anomalously high silver abundances in pottery from early Roman excavation contexts in Jerusalem SO ARCHAEOMETRY LA English DT Article DE Israel; Jerusalem; Roman; high-precision X-ray fluorescence analysis; instrumental neutron activation analysis; INAA coincidence silver analysis; principal component analysis; ceramics; silver AB This is the first study on the differential distribution and concentrations of silver in ceramics recovered from archaeological excavations. The chemical compositions of 1174 pottery vessels from 38 Roman-period sites in Israel have been determined. Unusually high and variable abundances of silver were discovered in pottery samples of all vessel types and chemical compositions from four distinct archaeological contexts dating to late first century BCE to 70 CE Jerusalem. The large majority of the Jerusalem vessels could be distinguished by their silver abundances from all analysed pottery pieces recovered at rural sites outside Jerusalem, even when the pottery types and chemical compositions, except for silver, of pottery found within and outside Jerusalem were indistinguishable. The evidence is suggestive of a human origin for the high and variable silver abundances, and dispersion of the silver by aqueous transport. The differential silver concentrations found in excavated pottery from Jerusalem and other urban and rural sites suggest that attention to the distribution of silver in pottery from excavated contexts may be helpful for evaluating the nature and function of archaeological remains and patterns of urban contamination. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Bar Ilan Univ, Martin Szusz Dept Land Israel Studies & Archaeol, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. RP Adan-Bayewitz, D (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Bldg 70-108B, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0003-813X J9 ARCHAEOMETRY JI Archaeometry PD AUG PY 2006 VL 48 BP 377 EP 398 DI 10.1111/j.1475-4754.2006.00262.x PN 3 PG 22 WC Archaeology; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Archaeology; Chemistry; Geology GA 066UP UT WOS:000239255900001 ER PT J AU Wei, XM Vajrala, N Hauser, L Sayavedra-Soto, LA Arp, DJ AF Wei, Xueming Vajrala, Neeraja Hauser, Loren Sayavedra-Soto, Luis A. Arp, Daniel J. TI Iron nutrition and physiological responses to iron stress in Nitrosomonas europaea SO ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nitrosomonas europaea; iron metabolism; iron stress; siderophore receptors ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; AMMONIA MONOOXYGENASE; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; AZOTOBACTER-VINELANDII; SIDEROPHORE PRODUCTION; MULTICOPPER OXIDASE; SIGMA-FACTOR; TRANSPORT; ACQUISITION; YEAST AB Nitrosomonas europaea, as an ammonia-oxidizing bacterium, has a high Fe requirement and has 90 genes dedicated to Fe acquisition. Under Fe-limiting conditions (0.2 mu M Fe), N. europaea was able to assimilate up to 70% of the available Fe in the medium even though it is unable to produce siderophores. Addition of exogenous siderophores to Fe-limited medium increased growth (final cell mass). Fe-limited cells had lower heme and cellular Fe contents, reduced membrane layers, and lower NH3_ and NH2OH-dependent O-2 consumption activities than Fe-replete cells. Fe acquisition-related proteins, such as a number of TonB-dependent Fe-siderophore receptors for ferrichrome and enterobactin and diffusion protein OmpC, were expressed to higher levels under Fe limitation, providing biochemical evidence for adaptation of N. europaea to Fe-limited conditions. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Tennessee, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Arp, DJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM arpd@science.oregonstate.edu RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011; Hauser, Loren/H-3881-2012 NR 58 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0302-8933 J9 ARCH MICROBIOL JI Arch. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 186 IS 2 BP 107 EP 118 DI 10.1007/s00203-006-0126-4 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 081SK UT WOS:000240337100003 PM 16802173 ER PT J AU Fisk, WJ Faulkner, D Sullivan, DP AF Fisk, William J. Faulkner, David Sullivan, Douglas P. TI Measuring OA intake rates SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CO2 CONCENTRATIONS; VENTILATION C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fisk, WJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 48 IS 8 BP 50 EP 57 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 075FQ UT WOS:000239869600009 ER PT J AU Huber, ME Everett, ME Howell, SB AF Huber, Mark E. Everett, Mark E. Howell, Steve B. TI Color and variability characteristics of point sources in the Faint Sky Variability Survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxy : stellar content; stars : statistics; stars : variables : other; surveys ID STELLAR OBJECTS; STARS; VARIABLES; CATALOG; SDSS AB We present an analysis of the color and variability characteristics for point sources in the Faint Sky Variability Survey (FSVS). The FSVS cataloged similar to 23 deg(2) in BVI filters from similar to 16 to 24 mag to investigate variability in faint sources at moderate-to-high Galactic latitudes. Point-source completeness is found to be > 83% for a selected representative sample (V = 17.5 - 22.0 mag, B - V = 0.0 - 1: 5) containing both photometric B, V detections and 80% of the time-sampled V data available compared to a basic internal source completeness of 99%. Multiepoch ( 10 - 30) observations in V spanning minutes to years modeled by light-curve simulations reveal amplitude sensitivities to similar to 0.015 - 0.075 mag over a representative V = 18 - 22 mag range. Periodicity determinations appear viable to time-scales of order 1 day or less using the most sampled fields ( similar to 30 epochs). The fraction of point sources is found to be generally variable at 5% - 8% over V = 17.5 - 22.0 mag. For V brighter than 19 mag, the variable population is dominated by low- amplitude (< 0.05 mag) and blue (B - V < 0.35) sources, possibly representing a population of gamma Doradus stars. Overall, the dominant population of variable sources are bluer than B - V 0: 65 and have main-sequence colors, likely reflecting larger populations of RR Lyrae, SX Phe, gamma Doradus, and W UMa variables. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85705 USA. WIYN Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. RP Huber, ME (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808 L-413, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM huber9@llnl.gov NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 132 IS 2 BP 633 EP 649 DI 10.1086/505300 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072WA UT WOS:000239702500016 ER PT J AU Eisenstein, DJ Liebert, J Koester, D Kleinmann, SJ Nitta, A Smith, PS Barentine, JC Brewington, HJ Brinkmann, J Harvanek, M Krzesinski, J Neilsen, EH Long, D Schneider, DP Snedden, SA AF Eisenstein, Daniel J. Liebert, James Koester, Detlev Kleinmann, S. J. Nitta, Atsuko Smith, Paul S. Barentine, J. C. Brewington, Howard J. Brinkmann, J. Harvanek, Michael Krzesinski, Jurek Neilsen, Eric H., Jr. Long, Dan Schneider, Donald P. Snedden, Stephanie A. TI Hot DB white dwarfs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : atmospheres; stars : evolution; white dwarfs ID SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; NEUTRAL HELIUM LINES; 1ST DATA RELEASE; TEMPERATURE SCALE; GALAXY SAMPLE; STARS; SPECTROPOLARIMETRY; ULTRAVIOLET; ATMOSPHERE; DISCOVERY AB We present ugriz photometry and optical spectroscopy for 28 DB and DO white dwarfs with temperatures between 28,000 and 45,000 K. About 10 of these are particularly well observed; the remainder are candidates. These are the hottest DB stars yet found, and they populate the "DB gap'' between the hotter DO stars and the familiar DB stars cooler than 30,000 K. Nevertheless, after carefully matching the survey volumes we find that the ratio of DA stars to DB stars is a factor of 2.5 larger at 30,000 than at 20,000 K, suggesting that the "DB gap'' is indeed deficient and that some kind of atmospheric transformation takes place in roughly 10% of DA stars as they cool from 30,000 to 20,000 K. C1 Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85121 USA. Univ Kiel, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Cracow Pedagog Univ, Mt Suhora Observ, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Eisenstein, DJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85121 USA. NR 61 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 132 IS 2 BP 676 EP 691 DI 10.1086/504424 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072WA UT WOS:000239702500019 ER PT J AU La Parola, V Mangano, V Fox, D Zhang, B Krimm, HA Cusumano, G Mineo, T Burrows, DN Barthelmy, S Campana, S Capalbi, M Chincarini, G Gehrels, N Giommi, P Marshall, FE Meszaros, P Moretti, A O'Brien, PT Palmer, DM Perri, M Romano, P Tagliaferri, G AF La Parola, V. Mangano, V. Fox, D. Zhang, B. Krimm, H. A. Cusumano, G. Mineo, T. Burrows, D. N. Barthelmy, S. Campana, S. Capalbi, M. Chincarini, G. Gehrels, N. Giommi, P. Marshall, F. E. Meszaros, P. Moretti, A. O'Brien, P. T. Palmer, D. M. Perri, M. Romano, P. Tagliaferri, G. TI GRB 051210: Swift detection of a short gamma ray burst SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; X-rays : bursts ID AFTERGLOWS; TELESCOPE; FLARES; GRB-050709; MISSION; GALAXY AB Aims. The short/hard GRB 051210 was detected and located by the Swift-BAT instrument and rapidly pointed towards by the narrow field instruments. The XRT was able to observe a bright, rapidly fading X-ray emission. We present the analysis of the prompt and afterglow emission of this event. Methods. The BAT spectrum is a power-law with photon index 1.0 +/- 0.3. The X-ray light curve decays with slope -2.58 +/- 0.11 and shows a small flare in the early phases. The spectrum can be described with a power law with photon index 1.54 +/- 0.16 and absorption (7.5(-3.2)(+4.3)) x 10(20) cm(-2). Results. We find that the X-ray emission is consistent with the hypothesis that we are observing the curvature effect of a GRB that occurred in a low density medium, with no detectable afterglow attributable to an external shock. We estimate the density of the circumburst medium to be lower than 3 x 10(-3) cm(-3). We also discuss different hypothesis on the possible origin of the flare. C1 INAF, Palermo, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. INAF, Osserv Astron Brera, I-23807 Merate, Italy. ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20126 Milan, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP La Parola, V (reprint author), INAF, Palermo, Italy. EM laparola@ifc.inaf.it RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; OI Mineo, Teresa/0000-0002-4931-8445; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; Cusumano, Giancarlo/0000-0002-8151-1990; moretti, alberto/0000-0002-9770-0315; Perri, Matteo/0000-0003-3613-4409; La Parola, Valentina/0000-0002-8087-6488; Tagliaferri, Gianpiero/0000-0003-0121-0723 NR 55 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 454 IS 3 BP 753 EP 757 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20065083 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 064WQ UT WOS:000239121200012 ER PT J AU Linder, EV AF Linder, Eric V. TI Dark energy in the dark ages SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dark energy; cosmology; large scale structure AB Non-negligible dark energy density at high redshifts would indicate dark energy physics distinct from a cosmological constant or "reasonable" canonical scalar fields. Such dark energy can be constrained tightly through investigation of the growth of structure, with limits of less than or similar to 2% of total energy density at z >> 1 for many models. Intermediate dark energy can have effects distinct from its energy density; the dark ages acceleration can be constrained to last less than 5% of a Hubble e-fold time, exacerbating the coincidence problem. Both the total linear growth, or equivalently sigma(8), and the shape and evolution of the nonlinear mass power spectrum for z < 2 (using the Linder-White nonlinear mapping prescription) provide important windows. Probes of growth, such as weak gravitational lensing, can interact with supernovae and CMB distance measurements to scan dark energy behavior over the entire range z = 0-1100. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Linder, EV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM evlinder@lbl.gov NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 26 IS 1 BP 16 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2006.04.004 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 088MB UT WOS:000240814700003 ER PT J AU Abbasi, RU Abu-Zayyad, T Amman, JF Archbold, GC Belov, K Blake, SA Belz, JW BenZvi, S Bergman, DR Boyer, JH Burt, GW Cao, Z Connolly, BM Deng, W Fedorova, Y Findlay, J Finley, CB Hanlon, WF Hoffman, CM Holzscheiter, MH Hughes, GA Huntemeyer, P Jui, CCH Kim, K Kirn, MA Knapp, BC Loh, EC Maestas, MM Manago, N Mannel, EJ Marek, LJ Martens, K Matthews, JAJ Matthews, JN O'Neill, A Painter, CA Perera, L Reil, K Riehle, R Roberts, M Rodriguez, D Sasaki, M Schnetzer, S Seman, M Sinnis, G Smith, JD Snow, R Sokolsky, P Springer, RW Stokes, BT Thomas, JR Thomas, SB Thomson, GB Tupa, D Westerhoff, S Wiencke, LR Zech, A AF Abbasi, R. U. Abu-Zayyad, T. Amman, J. F. Archbold, G. C. Belov, K. Blake, S. A. Belz, J. W. BenZvi, S. Bergman, D. R. Boyer, J. H. Burt, G. W. Cao, Z. Connolly, B. M. Deng, W. Fedorova, Y. Findlay, J. Finley, C. B. Hanlon, W. F. Hoffman, C. M. Holzscheiter, M. H. Hughes, G. A. Huntemeyer, P. Jui, C. C. H. Kim, K. Kirn, M. A. Knapp, B. C. Loh, E. C. Maestas, M. M. Manago, N. Mannel, E. J. Marek, L. J. Martens, K. Matthews, J. A. J. Matthews, J. N. O'Neill, A. Painter, C. A. Perera, L. Reil, K. Riehle, R. Roberts, M. Rodriguez, D. Sasaki, M. Schnetzer, S. Seman, M. Sinnis, G. Smith, J. D. Snow, R. Sokolsky, P. Springer, R. W. Stokes, B. T. Thomas, J. R. Thomas, S. B. Thomson, G. B. Tupa, D. Westerhoff, S. Wiencke, L. R. Zech, A. TI A likelihood method for measuring the ultrahigh energy cosmic ray composition SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; acceleration of particles; composition ID RESOLUTION FLYS EYE; AIR SHOWERS AB Air fluorescence detectors traditionally determine the dominant chemical composition of the ultrahigh energy cosmic ray flux by comparing the averaged slant depth of the shower maximum, X-max, as a function of energy to the slant depths expected for various hypothesized primaries. In this paper, we present a method to make a direct measurement of the expected mean number of protons and iron by comparing the shapes of the expected X-max distributions to the distribution for data. The advantages of this method includes the use of information of the full distribution and its ability to calculate a flux for various cosmic ray compositions. The same method can be expanded to marginalize uncertainties due to choice of spectra, hadronic models and atmospheric parameters. We demonstrate the technique with independent simulated data samples from a parent sample of protons and iron. We accurately predict the number of protons and iron in the parent sample and show that the uncertainties are meaningful. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Phys, High Energy Astrophys Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Montana, Dept Phys & Astron, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, Nevis Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. RP Connolly, BM (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Phys, High Energy Astrophys Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM connolly@nevis.columbia.edu RI Martens, Kai/A-4323-2011; Belov, Konstantin/D-2520-2013; OI Tupa, Dale/0000-0002-6265-5016 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 EI 1873-2852 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 26 IS 1 BP 28 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2006.04.007 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 088MB UT WOS:000240814700005 ER PT J AU Warren, MS Abazajian, K Holz, DE Teodoro, L AF Warren, Michael S. Abazajian, Kevork Holz, Daniel E. Teodoro, Luis TI Precision determination of the mass function of dark matter halos SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; galaxies : halos ID GALAXY CLUSTER SURVEYS; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; SIMULATIONS; MODEL; CONDENSATION; CONSTRAINTS; EVOLUTION; BIAS AB The predicted mass function of dark matter halos is essential in connecting observed galaxy-cluster counts and models of galaxy clustering to the properties of the primordial density field. We determine the mass function in the concordance Lambda CDM cosmology, as well as its uncertainty, using sixteen 1024(3) particle nested-volume dark matter simulations spanning a mass range of over 5 orders of magnitude. Using the nested volumes and single-halo tests, we find and correct for a systematic error in the friends-of-friends halo-finding algorithm. We find a fitting form and full error covariance for the mass function that successfully describes the simulations' mass function and is well behaved outside the simulations' resolutions. Estimated forecasts of uncertainty in cosmological parameters from future cluster-count surveys receive a negligible contribution from remaining statistical uncertainties in the central cosmology multiplicity function. There exists a potentially nonnegligible cosmological dependence (nonuniversality) of the halo multiplicity function. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. RP Warren, MS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Warren, Michael/0000-0002-1218-7904 NR 34 TC 328 Z9 328 U1 0 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 646 IS 2 BP 881 EP 885 DI 10.1086/504962 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072BK UT WOS:000239647400017 ER PT J AU Fryer, CL Herwig, F Hungerford, A Timmes, FX AF Fryer, Christopher L. Herwig, Falk Hungerford, Aimee Timmes, F. X. TI Supernova fallback: A possible site for the r-process SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; supernovae : general ID CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; ROTATING MASSIVE STARS; PRESUPERNOVA EVOLUTION; REACTION-RATES; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; ELEMENTS; MODEL; NUCLEI; WINDS AB The conditions for the leading r-process site candidate, neutrino-driven winds, cannot be reproduced self-consistently in current supernova models. For that reason, we investigate an alternate model involving the mass ejected by fallback in a supernova explosion, through hydrodynamic and nucleosynthesis calculations. The nucleosynthetic products of this ejected material produce r-process elements, including those in the vicinity of the elusive third peak at mass number 195. Trans-iron element production beyond the second peak is made possible by a rapid (< 1 ms) freezeout of alpha-particles that leaves behind a large nucleon (including protons!) to r-process seed ratio. This rapid phase is followed by a relatively long (>= 15 ms) simmering phase at similar to 2 x 10(9) K, which is the thermodynamic consequence of the hydrodynamic trajectory of the turbulent flows in the fallback outburst. During the slow phase, high-mass elements beyond the second peak are first made through rapid capture of both protons and neutrons. The flow stays close to the valley of stability during this phase. After freezeout of protons the remaining neutrons cause a shift out to short-lived isotopes, as is typical for the r-process. A low electron fraction is not required in this model; however, the detailed final distribution is sensitive to the electron fraction. Our simulations suggest that supernova fallback is a viable alternative scenario for the r-process. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fryer, CL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 34 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 646 IS 2 BP L131 EP L134 DI 10.1086/507071 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072BL UT WOS:000239647500011 ER PT J AU Eggleton, PP Kisseleva-Eggleton, L AF Eggleton, Peter P. Kisseleva-Eggleton, Ludmila TI A mechanism for producing short-period binaries SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Close Binary Stars in the 21st Century - New Opportunities and Challenges CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Syros, GREECE DE binary stars; triple stars ID SYSTEM; STAR; COMPANION AB When three point masses form a hierarchical triple system, the short-period orbit can be severely modified by the long-period orbit if the two orbits are inclined to each other by more than about 39 degrees deg (sin(-1) root 2/5). Such an inclination can induce 'Kozai cycles' (Kozai, 1962), in which the eccentricity of the inner orbit cycles by a large amount while its period and therefore semimajor axis remains roughly constant. During those periastra when the eccentricity is largest, tidal friction may become important, and this can result in a secular shrinkage of the orbit, until it becomes circularised at a period of a few days. However, apsidal motion due to either GR or to the quadrupolar distortion of the components (if they are no longer treated as point masses) can reduce the range of eccentricity. We explore the limits on outer and inner orbital period that these perturbations imply. If the components are F/G/K/M dwarfs, then rotationally-driven dynamo activity can become important at the short periods that can occur in the right circumstances. It can cause the period to shorten further. The result may be a contact binary, and/or a merger in which the two stars of the inner pair coalesce to form a single rapidly rotating star. We suggest that this may be the origin of AB Dor, a very rapidly rotating K dwarf that is probably about 50 Myr old. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Calif State Univ, Maritime Acad, Vallejo, CA 94590 USA. RP Eggleton, PP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 12 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 304 IS 1-4 BP 75 EP 79 DI 10.1007/s10509-006-9078-z PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 109BX UT WOS:000242284000019 ER PT J AU Kelly, JT Wexler, AS AF Kelly, James T. Wexler, Anthony S. TI Water uptake by aerosol: Water activity in supersaturated potassium solutions and deliquescence as a function of temperature SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE deliquescence; mixing rule; hydrate; water activity; supersaturated ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; ISOPIESTIC DETERMINATION; ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; OSMOTIC COEFFICIENTS; PARTICLE CHARACTERIZATION; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BALANCE; EVALUATED ACTIVITY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GENERAL METHOD AB Atmospheric aerosol models often calculate water uptake by particles based on information on salt deliquescence and electrolyte mixing rules. Therefore improvements in deliquescence predictions and in the water-activity relations used in mixing rules can improve estimates of size distributions. The primary goals of this work are to derive equations for the variation in the mutual deliquescence relative humidity (MDRH) with temperature (T) for a particle containing an arbitrary number of hydrated and anhydrous salts and to extend the range of validity of water-activity relations reported for binary solutions of KNO3, KCl, KBr, and K2SO4 to greater supersaturations. Equations for MDRH(T) are derived based on the equilibrium conditions that define deliquescence and the Gibbs-Duhem relation. MDRH is calculated from solubility data and the ZSR mixing rule to generate reference values for the equations and to evaluate their reliability. The ZSR mixing rule is also used to predict concentrations of KNO3, KCl, KBr, and K2SO4 in highly supersaturated binary solutions. Polynomial fits are presented that relate water activity to concentration for these solutions. The deliquescence equations derived here predict MDRH(T) for hydrate systems with sufficient accuracy for temperature excursions of about 25 K. MDRH(T) usually follows the trend of DRH(T) for the most soluble salt in the system, while the temperature dependence of saturation concentration can be neglected for some salt systems. A linear temperature dependence for saturation concentration appears necessary to capture MDRH(T) for systems containing Ca(NO3)(2) (.) 4H(2)O and CaCl(2)(.)6H(2)O. Consideration of deliquescence for a representative sea-salt system indicates that minor hydrated components have an important influence on the uptake of water by sea-salt particles and should be considered in equilibrium aerosol models. Results of this study improve estimates of water uptake by atmospheric particles containing hydrates and potassium salts. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA USA. RP Kelly, JT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jimkelly@ucdavis.edu RI Kelly, James/F-8135-2010 OI Kelly, James/0000-0001-6574-5714 NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 40 IS 24 BP 4450 EP 4468 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.04.017 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 066VB UT WOS:000239257200002 ER PT J AU Yu, XY Lee, T Ayres, B Kreidenweis, SM Malm, W Collett, JL AF Yu, Xiao-Ying Lee, Taehyoung Ayres, Benjamin Kreidenweis, Sonia M. Malm, William Collett, Jeffrey L., Jr. TI Loss of fine particle ammonium from denuded nylon filters SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ammonium nitrate; ammonia; PM2.5; nylon filter; Teflon filter; annular denuder; IMPROVE ID ATMOSPHERIC PARTICULATE NITRATE; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; NITRIC-ACID; EVAPORATIVE LOSSES; DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; AMBIENT AIR; DISSOCIATION-CONSTANT; THEORETICAL-ANALYSIS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS AB Ammonium is an important constituent of fine particulate mass in the atmosphere, but can be difficult to quantify due to possible sampling artifacts. Losses of semivolatile species such as NH4NO3 can be particularly problematic. In order to evaluate ammonium losses from aerosol particles collected on filters, a series of field experiments was conducted using denuded nylon and Teflon filters at Bondville, IL (February 2003), San Gorgonio, CA (April 2003 and July 2004), Grand Canyon NP, AZ (May, 2003), Brigantine, NJ (November 2003), and Great Smoky Mountains National Park (NP), TN (July-August 2004). Samples were collected over 24h periods. Losses from denuded nylon filters ranged from 10% (monthly average) in Bondville, IL to 28% in San Gorgonio, CA in summer. Losses on individual sample days ranged from 1% to 65%. Losses tended to increase with increasing diurnal temperature and relative humidity changes and with the fraction of ambient total N(-III) (particulate NH4++ gaseous NH3) present as gaseous NH3. The amount of ammonium lost at most sites could be explained by the amount of NH4NO3 present in the sampled aerosol. Ammonium losses at Great Smoky Mountains NP, however, significantly exceeded the amount of NH4NO3 collected. Ammoniated organic salts are suggested as additional important contributors to observed ammonium loss at this location. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Natl Pk Serv, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Collett, JL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM collett@lamar.colostate.edu RI Collett, Jeffrey/F-2862-2010; Yu, Xiao-Ying/L-9385-2013; Kreidenweis, Sonia/E-5993-2011 OI Collett, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9180-508X; Yu, Xiao-Ying/0000-0002-9861-3109; Kreidenweis, Sonia/0000-0002-2561-2914 NR 53 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 40 IS 25 BP 4797 EP 4807 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.03.061 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 074OB UT WOS:000239820600014 ER PT J AU Jackson, CJ Carr, PD Kim, HK Liu, JW Herrald, P Mitic, N Schenk, G Smith, CA Ollis, DL AF Jackson, Colin J. Carr, Paul D. Kim, Hye-Kyung Liu, Jian-Wei Herrald, Paul Mitic, Natasa Schenk, Gerhard Smith, Clyde A. Ollis, David L. TI Anomalous scattering analysis of Agrobacterium radiobacter phosphotriesterase: the prominent role of iron in the heterobinuclear active site SO BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Agrobacterium radiobacter; anomalous scattering; heterobinuclear; iron-zinc; metallophosphoesterase; phosphotriesterase ID PURPLE ACID-PHOSPHATASE; BINUCLEAR METAL CENTER; PSEUDOMONAS-DIMINUTA; BACTERIAL PHOSPHOTRIESTERASE; PARATHION HYDROLASE; DIRECTED EVOLUTION; CATALYTIC-ACTIVITY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ENZYME; EXPRESSION AB Bacterial phosphotriesterases are binuclear metalloproteins for which the catalytic mechanism has been studied with a variety of techniques, principally using active sites reconstituted in vitro from apoenzymes. Here, atomic absorption spectroscopy and anomalous X-ray scattering have been used to determine the identity of the metals incorporated into the active site in vivo. We have recombinantly expressed the phosphotriesterase from Agrobacterium radiobacter (OpdA) in Escherichia coli grown in medium supplemented with 1 mM CoCl2 and in unsupplemented medium. Anomalous scattering data, collected from a single crystal at the Fe-K, Co-K and Zn-K edges, indicate that iron and cobalt are the primary constituents of the two metal-binding sites in the catalytic centre (alpha and P) in the protein expressed in E. coli grown in supplemented medium. Comparison with OpdA expressed in unsupplemented medium demonstrates that the cobalt present in the supplemented medium replaced zinc at the beta-position of the active site, which results in an increase in the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme. These results suggest an essential role for iron in the catalytic mechanism of bacterial phosphotriesterases, and that these phosphotriesterases are natively heterobinuclear iron-zinc enzymes. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Chem, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Univ Queensland, Sch Mol & Microbial Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ollis, DL (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Chem, Bldg 35, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM ollis@rsc.anu.edu.au RI Jackson, Colin/C-1500-2008; Liu, Jian-Wei/C-3313-2009; Ollis, David/I-5967-2014; OI Jackson, Colin/0000-0001-6150-3822; Mitic, Natasa/0000-0003-4595-4150; Schenk, Gerhard/0000-0001-8619-0631 NR 33 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 7 PU PORTLAND PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA THIRD FLOOR, EAGLE HOUSE, 16 PROCTER STREET, LONDON WC1V 6 NX, ENGLAND SN 0264-6021 J9 BIOCHEM J JI Biochem. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 397 BP 501 EP 508 DI 10.1042/BJ20060276 PN 3 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 069UO UT WOS:000239474100013 PM 16686603 ER PT J AU Rodrigues, JV Abreu, IA Cabelli, D Teixeira, M AF Rodrigues, Joao V. Abreu, Isabel A. Cabelli, Diane Teixeira, Miguel TI Superoxide reduction mechanism of Archaeoglobus fulgidus one-iron superoxide reductase SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DESULFOARCULUS-BAARSII; TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM; ACTIVE-SITE; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; DESULFOVIBRIO-VULGARIS; PYROCOCCUS-FURIOSUS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NEELAREDOXIN; PROTEIN; DESULFOFERRODOXIN AB Superoxide reductases (SORs), iron-centered enzymes responsible for reducing superoxide (O-2(-)) to hydrogen peroxide, are found in many anaerobic and microaerophilic prokaryotes. The rapid reaction with an exogenous electron donor renders the reductase activity catalytic. Here, we demonstrate using pulse radiolysis that the initial reaction between O-2(-) and Archaeoglobus fulgidus neelaredoxin, a one-iron SOR, leads to a short-lived transient that immediately disappears to yield a solvent-bound ferric species in acid-base equilibrium. Through comparison of wild-type neelaredoxin with mutants lacking the ferric ion coordinating glutamate, we demonstrate that the remaining step is related to the final coordination of this ligand to the oxidized metal center and kinetically characterize it for the first time, by pulse radiolysis and stopped-flow kinetics. The way exogenous phosphate perturbs the kinetics of superoxide reduction by neelaredoxin and mutant proteins was also investigated. C1 Univ Nova Lisboa, Inst Tecnol Quim & Biol, P-2784505 Oeiras, Portugal. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Teixeira, M (reprint author), Univ Nova Lisboa, Inst Tecnol Quim & Biol, Av Republ,EAN, P-2784505 Oeiras, Portugal. EM miguel@itqb.unl.pt RI Rodrigues, Joao/B-4235-2008; Teixeira, Miguel/A-9098-2011; Abreu, Isabel/I-5081-2013; Rodrigues, Joao/B-4877-2016 OI Rodrigues, Joao/0000-0002-5605-656X; Teixeira, Miguel/0000-0003-4124-6237; Abreu, Isabel/0000-0002-5566-2146; Rodrigues, Joao/0000-0002-5605-656X NR 38 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 30 BP 9266 EP 9278 DI 10.1021/bi052489k PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 066OF UT WOS:000239238500029 PM 16866373 ER PT J AU Sanbonmatsu, KY AF Sanbonmatsu, K. Y. TI Energy landscape of the ribosomal decoding center SO BIOCHIMIE LA English DT Article DE ribosome; decoding center; simulation; replica; REMD; RNA; tRNA selection; base flip ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; EMPIRICAL FORCE-FIELD; CODON-ANTICODON HELIX; TRANSFER-RNA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; A-SITE; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; STRUCTURAL ORIGINS; DNA; SUBUNIT AB The ribosome decodes the genetic information that resides in nucleic acids. A key component of the decoding mechanism is a conformational switch in the decoding center of the small ribosomal subunit discovered in high-resolution X-ray crystallography studies. It is known that small subunit nucleotides A1492 and A1493 flip out of helix 44 upon transfer RNA (tRNA) binding; however, the operation principles of this switch remain unknown. Replica molecular dynamics simulations reveal a low free energy barrier between flipped-out and flipped-in states, consistent with a switch that can be controlled by shifting the equilibrium between states. The barrier determined by the simulations is sufficiently small for the binding of ligands, such as tRNAs or aminoglycoside antibiotics, to shift the equilibrium. (c) 2006 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Dept, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sanbonmatsu, KY (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Dept, MS K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kys@lanl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM072686, R01-GM072656] NR 67 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0300-9084 J9 BIOCHIMIE JI Biochimie PD AUG PY 2006 VL 88 IS 8 BP 1053 EP 1059 DI 10.1016/j.biochi.2006.06.012 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 088EQ UT WOS:000240794800013 PM 16905237 ER PT J AU Sanbonmatsu, KY AF Sanbonmatsu, K. Y. TI Alignment/misalignment hypothesis for tRNA selection by the ribosome SO BIOCHIMIE LA English DT Article DE tRNA selection; ribosome; decoding; simulation; hypothesis; misalignment ID AMINOACYL-TRANSFER-RNA; ELONGATION-FACTOR-TU; ESCHERICHIA-COLI REVERTANTS; EF-TU; STREPTOMYCIN DEPENDENCE; CODON-RECOGNITION; CRYOELECTRON MICROSCOPY; TRANSLATIONAL FIDELITY; ANTICODON INTERACTION; CODING SPECIFICITY AB Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are the adaptor molecules that allow the ribosome to decode genetic information during protein synthesis. During decoding, the ribosome must chose the tRNA whose anticodon corresponds to the codon inscribed in the messenger RNA to incorporate the correct amino acid into the growing polypeptide chain. Fidelity is improved dramatically by a GTP hydrolysis event. Information about the correctness of the anticodon must be sent from the decoding center to the elongation factor, EF-Tu, where the GTP hydrolysis takes place. A second discrimination event entails the accommodation of the aminoacyl-tRNA into its fully bound A/A state inside the ribosome. Here, we present a hypothesis for a specific mechanism of signal transduction through the tRNA, which operates during GTPase activation and accommodation. We propose that the rigidity of the tRNA plays an important role in the transmission of the decoding signal. While the tRNA must flex during binding and accommodation, its anisotropic stiffness enables precise positioning of the acceptor arm in the A/T state, the A/A state and the accommodation corridor. Correct alignment will result in optimal GTPase activation and accommodation rates. Incorrect tRNAs, however, whose anticodons are misaligned, will also have acceptor arms that are misaligned, resulting in sub-optimal GTPase activation and accommodation rates. In the case of GTPase activation, it is possible that the misalignment of the acceptor arm affects the rate directly, by altering the conformational change of the switch region of EF-Tu, or indirectly, by changing the alignment of EF-Tu with respect to the sarcin-ricin loop (SRL) of the large ribosomal subunit. (c) 2006 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Dept, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sanbonmatsu, KY (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Dept, MS K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kys@lanl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [5R01GM072686, R01 GM072686] NR 76 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0300-9084 J9 BIOCHIMIE JI Biochimie PD AUG PY 2006 VL 88 IS 8 BP 1075 EP 1089 DI 10.1016/j.biochi.2006.07.002 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 088EQ UT WOS:000240794800015 PM 16890341 ER PT J AU Coyle, DR Coleman, MD Durant, JA Newman, LA AF Coyle, David R. Coleman, Mark D. Durant, Jaclin A. Newman, Lee A. TI Survival and growth of 31 Populus clones in South Carolina SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting on Biomass and Bioenergy Production for Economic and Environmental Benefits CY NOV 07-10, 2004 CL Charleston, SC SP Short Rotat Woody Crops Operat WG, Int Energy Agcy Bioenergy Task, Short Rotat Crops Bioenergy Syst, Int Union Forest Res Org Working Unit, Integrated Res Temperate Short Rotat Energy Plantat DE cottonwood; diameter; hybrid; irrigation; stem volume ID HYBRID POPLAR CLONES; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; PRODUCTIVITY; SELECTION; PERFORMANCE; NITROGEN; CUTTINGS; CULTURE; TRIALS; VOLUME AB Populus species and hybrids have many practical applications, but clonal performance is relatively undocumented in the southeastern United States outside of the Mississippi River alluvial floodplain. In spring 2001, 31 Populus clones were planted on two sites in South Carolina, USA. The sandy, upland site received irrigation and fertilization throughout the growing season, while the bottomland site received granular fertilizer yearly and irrigation in the first two years only. Over three growing seasons, tree survival and growth differed significantly among clones at both sites. Hybrid clones 145/51, Eridano, and NM6 had very high survival at both sites, while pure eastern cottonwood (P. deltoides) clones consistently had the lowest survival. Nearly all mortality occurred during the first year. The P. deltoides clone WV416 grew well at both sites, P. deltoides clones S13C20 and Kentucky 8 grew well at the bottomland site, and hybrids 184-411 and 52-225 grew well at the upland site. Based on both survival and growth, clones 311-93, S7C15, 184-411, and WV416 may warrant additional testing in the upper coastal plain region of the southeastern US. Kentucky 8 and S13C20 had excellent growth rates, but initial survival was low. However, this was likely due to planting stock quality. We emphasize this is preliminary information, and that clones should be followed through an entire rotation before large-scale deployment. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Coyle, DR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, POB 700, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. EM dcoyle@entomology.wisc.edu RI Coleman, Mark/A-6741-2013 NR 53 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 30 IS 8-9 BP 750 EP 758 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2005.08.005 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 076TK UT WOS:000239980400008 ER PT J AU Coyle, DR Coleman, MD Durant, JA Newman, LA AF Coyle, David R. Coleman, Mark D. Durant, Jaclin A. Newman, Lee A. TI Multiple factors affect pest and pathogen damage on 31 Populus clones in South Carolina SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting on Biomass and Bioenergy Production for Economic and Environmental Benefits CY NOV 07-10, 2004 CL Charleston, SC SP Short Rotat Woody Crops Operat WG, Int Energy Agcy Bioenergy Task, Short Rotat Crops Bioenergy Syst, Int Union Forest Res Org Working Unit, Integrated Res Temperate Short Rotat Energy Plantat DE Chrysomela scripta; clone; irrigation; Melampsora medusae; temporal variation; Tetra lobulifera ID LEAF BEETLE COLEOPTERA; HYBRID POPLAR CLONES; MELAMPSORA-MEDUSAE; INSECT PERFORMANCE; GROWTH; CHRYSOMELIDAE; SELECTION; DISEASE; CONSEQUENCES; ERIOPHYIDAE AB Populus species and hybrids have many practical applications, but there is a paucity of data regarding selections that perform well in the southeastern US. We compared pest susceptibility of 31 Populus clones over 3 years in South Carolina, USA. Cuttings were planted in spring 2001 on two study sites. Clones planted in the bottomland site received granular fertilizer yearly and irrigation the first two years only, while those on the sandy, upland site received irrigation and fertilization throughout each growing season. Foliar damage by the cottonwood leaf beetle (Chrysomela scripta), cottonwood leafcurl mite (Tetra lobulifera), and poplar leaf rust (Melampsora medusae) was visually monitored several times each growing season. Damage ratings differed significantly among clones, and clonal rankings changed from year to year. Irrigation increased C. scripta and M. medusae damage, but had no effect on T lobulifera damage. Certain clones received greater pest damage at a particular study site. Temporal damage patterns were evident among individual clones and on each site. At the upland site, OP367 and 7300502 were highly resistant to all three pests; 145/51 was highly resistant to C. scripta and M. medusae; NM6 and 15-29 were highly resistant to M. medusae; and 7302801 was highly resistant to T lobulifera and M. medusae. At the bottomland site, NM6, Eridano, 145/51, and 7302801 were highly resistant to all three pests; clone 7300502 was highly resistant to M. medusae only. Based on this preliminary 3-year study of pest damage levels, we would recommend clones NM6, Eridano, 145/51, OP367, 15-29, 7302801, 7300502, and Kentucky 8 for use in this region. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Coyle, DR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Russell Labs 345, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dcoyle@entomology.wisc.edu RI Coleman, Mark/A-6741-2013 NR 48 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 30 IS 8-9 BP 759 EP 768 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2005.07.019 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 076TK UT WOS:000239980400009 ER PT J AU Wu, HT Micca, PL Makar, MS Miura, M AF Wu, Haitao Micca, Peggy L. Makar, Michael S. Miura, Michiko TI Total syntheses of three copper (II) tetracarboranylphenylporphyrins containing 40 or 80 boron atoms and their biological properties in EMT-6 tumor-bearing mice SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-CAPTURE THERAPY; BRAIN-TUMORS; B-10(N,ALPHA)LI-7 REACTION; DELIVERY; TISSUE; BIODISTRIBUTION; PORPHYRINS; TOXICITY; BORONOPHENYLALANINE; PHARMACOKINETICS AB Three carboranyltetraphenylporphyrins containing 40 or 80 boron atoms were synthesized and evaluated for their biodistribution and toxicity in EMT-6 tumor-bearing mice. Copper (11) meso-5,10,15,20-tetrakis[3-methoxy-4-(o-carboranylmethoxy)phenyl]porphyrin, 6. and copper (11) meso-5,10,15,20-tetrakis[3-hydroxy-4-(o-carboranylmethoxy)phenyl]porphyrin, 8, are Boo congeners with different lipophilicities, each less than their B-80 congener, copper (11) meso-5,10,15,20-tetrakis[m-(3,5-di-o-carboranylmethoxybenzyloxy)phenyl]porphyrin, 18. Two days after the last of a series of ip injections in BALB/c mice bearing EMT-6 mammary tumors, a dose of 185 mg/kg 6 (54 mg/kg B) delivered over 3.5 times the concentration of boron to tumor (169 mu g/g B) than did 118 mg/kg 8 (36 mg/kg B), which delivered 35 mu g/g B, or 87 mg/kg 18 (30 mg/kg B), which delivered 46 mu g/g B. The tumor-to-blood and tumor-to-brain boron concentration ratios at that time for all three porphyrins exceeded 80:1. Two days after the last injection, there resulted moderate thrombocytopenia that essentially disappeared two days later from 6 and 18, and mild leukocytosis from 6, 8, and 18, all of which were clinically inconsequential. Thus, 6 may rank among the most clinically promising carboranyl porphyrins ever made to deliver 1 B to tumors for boron neutron-capture therapy (BNCT) that has also been tested for its toxicity in vivo. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Miura, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Bldg 490, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM Miura@bnl.gov NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-0896 J9 BIOORGAN MED CHEM JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 14 IS 15 BP 5083 EP 5092 DI 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.04.010 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 065ZM UT WOS:000239199000001 PM 16651000 ER PT J AU Yang, J Bruno, WJ Hlavacek, WS Pearson, JE AF Yang, Jin Bruno, William J. Hlavacek, William S. Pearson, John E. TI On imposing detailed balance in complex reaction mechanisms SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID KINETICS; EVENTS; MODEL C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Pearson, JE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM pearson@lanl.gov OI Hlavacek, William/0000-0003-4383-8711 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR018754, RR18754]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM65830, R01 GM065830] NR 13 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 91 IS 3 BP 1136 EP 1141 DI 10.1529/biophysj.105.071852 PG 6 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 064KA UT WOS:000239086800040 PM 16698778 ER PT J AU McDonald, KL Auer, M AF McDonald, Kent L. Auer, Manfred TI High-pressure freezing, cellular tomography, and structural cell biology SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ULTRASTRUCTURE; MICROSCOPY; SECTIONS; ACTIN AB Structural cell biology, which we define as electron microscopic analysis of intact cells, suffered a loss of interest and activity following the advances in light microscopy beginning in the 1990s. Interestingly, it is the wealth of detailed observation in the light microscope that is one of the driving forces for the current renewed interest in electron microscopy (EM). A great many cellular details are simply beyond the resolving power of the light microscope. In this article, we describe how electron microscopists are responding to the demands for better preservation of cells and for ways to view cell ultrastructure in three dimensions at high resolution. We discuss how low temperature methods, especially high-pressure freezing and freeze substitution, reduce to artifacts of conventional EM specimen preparation. We also give a brief introduction to cellular electron tomography, a powerful analytical method that can give near-atomic resolution of cell ultrastructure in three-dimensional (3-D) models. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Electron Microscopy Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McDonald, KL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Electron Microscopy Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIDCD NIH HHS [1R55DC007680-01] NR 18 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 6 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI WESTBOROUGH PA ONE RESEARCH DRIVE, SUITE 400A, PO BOX 1070, WESTBOROUGH, MA 01581-6070 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 2 BP 137 EP + DI 10.2144/000112226 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 129PH UT WOS:000243740900020 PM 16925014 ER PT J AU Smith, RD AF Smith, Richard D. TI Future directions for electrospray ionization for biological analysis using mass spectrometry SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ION-CYCLOTRON RESONANCE; PROTEINS; SENSITIVITY; ONLINE; BEAMS C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rds@pnl.gov RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR018522] NR 18 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI WESTBOROUGH PA ONE RESEARCH DRIVE, SUITE 400A, PO BOX 1070, WESTBOROUGH, MA 01581-6070 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 2 BP 147 EP 148 DI 10.2144/000112217 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 129PH UT WOS:000243740900021 PM 16925015 ER PT J AU Wu, M Wu, Y Wang, M AF Wu, May Wu, Ye Wang, Michael TI Energy and emission benefits of alternative transportation liquid fuels derived from switchgrass: A fuel life cycle assessment SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Combinatorial Bioengineering-Protein Display and Its Development CY DEC, 2005 CL Honolulu, HI SP Int Chem Congress Pacific Basin Soc AB We conducted a mobility chains, or well-to-wheels (WTW), analysis to assess the energy and emission benefits of cellulosic biomass for the U. S. transportation sector in the years 2015-2030. We estimated the life-cycle energy consumption and emissions associated with biofuel production and use in light-duty vehicle (LDV) technologies by using the Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation (GREET) model. Analysis of biofuel production was based on ASPEN Plus model simulation of an advanced fermentation process to produce fuel ethanol/protein, a thermochemical process to produce Fischer-Tropsch diesel (FTD) and dimethyl ether (DME), and a combined heat and power plant to co-produce steam and electricity. Our study revealed that cellulosic biofuels as E85 (mixture of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline by volume), FTD, and DME offer substantial savings in petroleum (66-93%) and fossil energy (65-88%) consumption on a per-mile basis. Decreased fossil fuel use translates to 82-87% reductions in greenhouse gas emissions across all unblended cellulosic biofuels. In urban areas, our study shows net reductions for almost all criteria pollutants, with the exception of carbon monoxide (unchanged), for each of the biofuel production option examined. Conventional and hybrid electric vehicles, when fueled with E85, could reduce total sulfur oxide (SOx) emissions to 39-43% of those generated by vehicles fueled with gasoline. By using bio-FTD and bio-DME in place of diesel, SOx emissions are reduced to 46-58% of those generated by diesel-fueled vehicles. Six different fuel production options were compared. This study strongly suggests that integrated heat and power co-generation by means of gas turbine combined cycle is a crucial factor in the energy savings and emission reductions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wu, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mwu@anl.gov RI Wu, Ye/O-9779-2015 NR 14 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 8 U2 61 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 8756-7938 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1012 EP 1024 DI 10.1021/bp050371p PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 070AR UT WOS:000239493200016 PM 16889378 ER PT J AU Ruppel, ME Burr, DB Miller, LM AF Ruppel, ME Burr, DB Miller, LM TI Chemical makeup of microdamaged bone differs from undamaged bone SO BONE LA English DT Article DE microdamage; composition; bisphosphonates; infrared microspectroscopy ID SYNCHROTRON INFRARED MICROSPECTROSCOPY; HUMAN CORTICAL BONE; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; COLLAGEN CROSS-LINKS; BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS; CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE; IN-VIVO; BISPHOSPHONATE TREATMENT; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES AB Microdamage naturally occurs in bone tissue as a result of cyclic loading placed on the body from normal daily activities. While it is usually repaired through the bone turnover process, accumulation of microdamage may result in reduced bone quality and increased fracture risk. It is unclear whether certain areas of bone are more susceptible to microdamage than others due to compositional differences. This study examines whether areas of microdamaged bone are chemically different than undamaged areas of bone. Bone samples (L3 vertebrae) were harvested from 15 dogs. Samples were stained with basic fuchsin, embedded in poly-methylmethacrylate, and cut into 5-mu m-thick sections. Fuchsin staining was used to identify regions of microdamage, and synchrotron infrared microspectroscopic imaging was used to determine the local bone composition. Results showed that microdamaged areas of bone were chemically different than the surrounding undamaged areas. Specifically, the mineral stoichiometry was altered in microdamaged bone, where the carbonate/protein ratio and carbonate/phosphate ratio were significantly lower in areas of microdamage, and the acid phosphate content was higher. No differences were observed in tissue mineralization (phosphate/protein ratio) or crystallinity between the microdamaged and undamaged bone, indicating that the microdamaged regions of bone were not over-mineralized. The collagen cross-linking structure was also significantly different in microdamaged areas of bone, consistent with ruptured cross-links and reduced fracture resistance. All differences in composition had well-defined boundaries in the microcrack region, strongly suggesting that they occurred after microcrack formation. Even so, because microdamage results in an altered bone composition, an accumulation of microdamage might result in a long-term reduction in bone quality. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Miller, LM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Bldg 735 D, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM lmiller@bnl.gov FU NIA NIH HHS [P01 AG05793]; NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR047838] NR 67 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD AUG PY 2006 VL 39 IS 2 BP 318 EP 324 DI 10.1016/j.bone.2006.02.052 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 059BN UT WOS:000238708400012 PM 16584933 ER PT J AU Kulp, KS Montgomery, JL Nelson, DO Cutter, B Latham, ER Shattuck, DL Klotz, DM Bennett, LM AF Kulp, Kristen S. Montgomery, Jennifer L. Nelson, David O. Cutter, Beth Latham, E. Ray Shattuck, David L. Klotz, Diane M. Bennett, L. Michelle TI Essiac (R) and Flor-Essence (R) herbal tonics stimulate the in vitro growth of human breast cancer cells SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Article DE cell growth stimulation; complementary and alternative medicine; Essiac (R) Herbal Tonic; estrogen receptor; Flor-Essence (R) Herbal Tonic; human breast cancer cells ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; ANTIESTROGEN ICI-182780; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS; MAMMARY-GLAND; RED-CLOVER; E-SCREEN; GENISTEIN; COMPLEMENTARY AB Background. People diagnosed with cancer often self-administer complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) to supplement their conventional treatments, improve health, or prevent recurrence. Flor-Essence (R) and Essiac (R) Herbal Tonics are commercially available complex mixtures of herbal extracts sold as dietary supplements and used by cancer patients based on anecdotal evidence that they can treat or prevent disease. In this study, we evaluated Flor-Essence (R) and Essiac (R) for their effects on the growth of human tumor cells in culture. Methods. The effect of Flor-Essence (R) and Essiac (R) herbal tonics on cell proliferation was tested in MCF-7, MDA-MB-436, MDA-MB-231, and T47D cancer cells isolated from human breast tumors. Estrogen receptor (ER) dependent activation of a luciferase reporter construct was tested in MCF-7 cells. Specific binding to the ER was tested using an ICI 182,780 competition assay. Results. Flor-Essence (R) and Essiac (R) herbal tonics at 1%, 2%, 4% and 8% stimulated cell proliferation relative to untreated controls in both estrogen receptor positive (MCF-7 and T47D) and estrogen receptor negative (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-436) cell lines. Exposure to the tonics also produced a dose-dependent increase in ER dependent luciferase activity in MCF-7 cells. A 10(-7) M concentration of ICI 182,780 inhibited the induction of ER dependent luciferase activity by Flor-Essence (R) and Essiac (R), but did not affect cell proliferation. Conclusion. Flor-Essence (R) and Essiac (R) Herbal Tonics can stimulate the growth of human breast cancer cells through ER mediated as well as ER independent mechanisms of action. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate, Livermore, CA USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NCI, Canc Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Kulp, KS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate, Livermore, CA USA. EM Kulp2@llnl.gov FU NCCIH NIH HHS [R21AT001730-02]; NIEHS NIH HHS [K22 ES00322-01] NR 63 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 98 IS 3 BP 249 EP 259 DI 10.1007/s10549-005-9156-x PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 071IM UT WOS:000239593800002 PM 16541326 ER PT J AU Pei, SP Zhao, JM Rowe, CA Wang, SY Hearn, TM Xu, ZH Liu, HB Sun, YS AF Pei, Shunping Zhao, Junmeng Rowe, Charlotte A. Wang, Suyun Hearn, Thomas M. Xu, Zhonghuai Liu, Hongbing Sun, Youshun TI M-L amplitude tomography in north China SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID UPPER-MANTLE; CODA Q; ATTENUATION TOMOGRAPHY; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; LATERAL VARIATION; WAVE ATTENUATION; INVERSION; PN; EARTHQUAKE; PLATEAU AB We have selected 10,899 M-L amplitude readings from 1732 events recorded by 91 stations, as reported in the Annual Bulletin of Chinese Earthquakes (ABCE), and have used tomographic imaging to estimate the lateral variations of the quality factor Q(0) (Q at 1 Hz) within the crust of Northern China. Estimated Q(0) values vary from H 5 to 715 with an average of 415. Q(0) values are consistent with tectonic and topographic structure in Eastern China. Q(0) is low in the active tectonic regions having many faults, such as the Shanxi and Yinchuan Grabens, Bohai Bay, and Tanlu Fault Zone, and is high in the stable Ordos Craton. Q(0) values are low in several topographically low-lying areas, such as the North China, Taikang-Hefei, Jianghan, Subei-Yellow Sea, and Songliao basins, whereas it is high in mountainous and uplift regions exhibiting surface expressions of crystalline basement rocks: the Yinshan, Yanshan, Taihang, Qinlin, Dable and Wuyi Mountains, and Luxi and Jiaoliao Uplifts. Quality-factor estimates are also consistent with Pn- and Sn-velocity patterns. Highvelocity values, in general, correspond with high Q(0) and low-velocity values with low Q(0). This is consistent with a common temperature influence in the crust and uppermost mantle. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. China Earthquake Adm, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. MIT, Earth Resources Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Pei, SP (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. OI Rowe, Charlotte/0000-0001-5803-0147 NR 41 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 96 IS 4 BP 1560 EP 1566 DI 10.1785/0120060021 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 076UM UT WOS:000239983400029 ER PT J AU Trabert, E Beiersdorfer, P Fournier, KB Chen, MH AF Traebert, E. Beiersdorfer, P. Fournier, K. B. Chen, M. H. TI Soft-X-ray spectra of highly charged Os, Bi, Th, and U ions in an electron beam ion trap (vol 83, pg 829, 2005) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, High Temp & Astrophys Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. RP Trabert, E (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, High Temp & Astrophys Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM traebert@ep3.rub.de NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 84 IS 8 BP 773 EP 773 DI 10.1139/P06-076 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 103JT UT WOS:000241882200005 ER PT J AU Hok, S Natarajan, A Perkins, J Balhorn, RL DeNardo, SJ DeNardo, GL AF Hok, S. Natarajan, A. Perkins, J. Balhorn, R. L. DeNardo, S. J. DeNardo, G. L. TI Chemistry and radiochemistry of selective high affinity ligands (SHALs) designed to target non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and leukemia SO CANCER BIOTHERAPY AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th Conference on Cancer Therapy with Antibodies and Immunoconjugates CY OCT 12-14, 2006 CL Parsippany, NJ SP Ctr Mol Med & Immunol, Garden State Canc Ctr C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Radiodiagnost & Therapy Lab, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1084-9785 J9 CANCER BIOTHER RADIO JI Cancer Biother. Radiopharm. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 21 IS 4 MA 32 BP 392 EP 393 PG 2 WC Oncology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 089SB UT WOS:000240899900041 ER PT J AU Cosman, M Albrecht, H Ngu-Schwemlein, M Corzett, M Hok, S Dolan, C Perkins, J DeNardo, SJ DeNardo, GL Balhorn, R AF Cosman, M. Albrecht, H. Ngu-Schwemlein, M. Corzett, M. Hok, S. Dolan, C. Perkins, J. DeNardo, S. J. DeNardo, G. L. Balhorn, R. TI Recombinant HLA-DR10 beta-subunit for developing novel targeting agents for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma SO CANCER BIOTHERAPY AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th Conference on Cancer Therapy with Antibodies and Immunoconjugates CY OCT 12-14, 2006 CL Parsippany, NJ SP Ctr Mol Med & Immunol, Garden State Canc Ctr C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Radiodiag & Therapy Lab, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ S Alabama, Dept Chem, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1084-9785 J9 CANCER BIOTHER RADIO JI Cancer Biother. Radiopharm. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 21 IS 4 MA 34 BP 393 EP 393 PG 1 WC Oncology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 089SB UT WOS:000240899900043 ER PT J AU Balhorn, R Miers, L Hok, S Nataraian, A Cosman, M Corzett, M DeNardo, SJ DeNardo, GL AF Balhorn, R. Miers, L. Hok, S. Nataraian, A. Cosman, M. Corzett, M. DeNardo, S. J. DeNardo, G. L. TI Biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of selective high affinity ligands (SHALs) in mice bearing ran xenografts SO CANCER BIOTHERAPY AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th Conference on Cancer Therapy with Antibodies and Immunoconjugates CY OCT 12-14, 2006 CL Parsippany, NJ SP Ctr Mol Med & Immunol, Garden State Canc Ctr C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Radiodiag & Therapy Lab, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1084-9785 J9 CANCER BIOTHER RADIO JI Cancer Biother. Radiopharm. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 21 IS 4 MA 51 BP 399 EP 400 PG 2 WC Oncology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 089SB UT WOS:000240899900060 ER PT J AU Green, D Nemecek, E Pantelias, A Lin, Y Hedin, N Hamlin, D Wilbur, S Fisher, D Gopal, A Axworthy, D Nilsson, R Sandberg, B Pagel, J Press, O AF Green, D. Nemecek, E. Pantelias, A. Lin, Y. Hedin, N. Hamlin, D. Wilbur, S. Fisher, D. Gopal, A. Axworthy, D. Nilsson, R. Sandberg, B. Pagel, J. Press, O. TI The impact of extracorporeal adsorption on the pharmacokinetics and organ dosimetry of radiolabeled anti-b-cell therapy in the non-human primate SO CANCER BIOTHERAPY AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th Conference on Cancer Therapy with Antibodies and Immunoconjugates CY OCT 12-14, 2006 CL Parsippany, NJ SP Ctr Mol Med & Immunol, Garden State Canc Ctr C1 Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Mitra Med AB, Lund, Sweden. RI Nilsson, Rune/C-1089-2013 OI Nilsson, Rune/0000-0001-8903-7384 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1084-9785 J9 CANCER BIOTHER RADIO JI Cancer Biother. Radiopharm. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 21 IS 4 MA 57 BP 402 EP 402 PG 1 WC Oncology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 089SB UT WOS:000240899900066 ER PT J AU Rai, R Dai, H Multani, AS Li, KY Chin, K Gray, J Lahad, JP Liang, J Mills, GB Meric-Bernstam, F Lin, SY AF Rai, Rekha Dai, Hui Multani, Asha S. Li, Kaiyi Chin, Koei Gray, Joe Lahad, John P. Liang, Jiyong Mills, Gordon B. Meric-Bernstam, Funda Lin, Shiaw-Yih TI BRIT1 regulates early DNA damage response, chromosomal integrity, and cancer SO CANCER CELL LA English DT Article ID COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; REPLICATION PROTEIN-A; DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; IONIZING-RADIATION; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR; HISTONE H2AX; CELLULAR-RESPONSE; REPAIR FACTORS; COPY NUMBER; INSTABILITY AB BRIT1, initially identified as an hTERT repressor, has additional functions at DNA damage checkpoints. Here, we demonstrate that BRIT1 formed nuclear foci minutes after irradiation. The foci of BRIT1 colocalized with 53BP1, MDC1, NBS1, ATM, RPA, and ATR. BRIT1 was required for activation of these elements, indicating that BRIT1 is a proximal factor in the DNA damage response pathway. Depletion of BRIT1 increased the accumulation of chromosomal aberrations. In addition, decreased levels of BRIT1 were detected in several types of human cancer, with BRIT1 expression being inversely correlated with genomic instability and metastasis. These results identify BRIT1 as a crucial DNA damage regulator in the ATM/ATR pathways and suggest that it functions as a tumor suppressor gene. C1 Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Mol Therapeut, Houston, TX 77054 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Canc Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Surg, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Surg Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Lin, SY (reprint author), Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Mol Therapeut, Houston, TX 77054 USA. EM sylin@mdanderson.org RI rai, rekha/A-3680-2012 FU NCI NIH HHS [U54 CA112970-02, P01 CA064602, R01 CA112291-01A1, R01 CA112291, P01 CA64602, P50 CA083639, P50 CA83639, U54 CA112970] NR 73 TC 91 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1535-6108 J9 CANCER CELL JI Cancer Cell PD AUG PY 2006 VL 10 IS 2 BP 145 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.07.002 PG 13 WC Oncology; Cell Biology SC Oncology; Cell Biology GA 075NH UT WOS:000239891300009 PM 16872911 ER PT J AU Reilly, PTA Whitten, WB AF Reilly, Peter T. A. Whitten, William B. TI The role of free radical condensates in the production of carbon nanotubes during the hydrocarbon CVD process SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; fullerene; soot; chemical vapor deposition; pyrolysis ID GROWTH MECHANISMS; SOOT; ACETYLENE; NANOPARTICLES; DECOMPOSITION; FULLERENES; PARTICLES; EVOLUTION; MONOXIDE; NICKEL AB Hydrocarbon CVD synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is not well understood because it does not follow intuitive gas phase kinetics. Consequently, progress towards industrialization of CNT synthesis has been arduously slow. However, an intuitive understanding of the CNT CVD process can be gained through understanding of the chemistry of free radical condensates that are produced during the pyrolysis of any hydrocarbon. It is our contention that free radical condensates act as an intermediate and reaction medium for hydrocarbon-based CVD production of nanotubes. The insight gained from this understanding can be used to explain much of the literature and to coherently direct the efforts to industrialize the CVD process and produce higher quality nanotubes for materials research and commercial exploitation. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Reilly, PTA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6142, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM ReiltyPT@ornl.gov NR 35 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD AUG PY 2006 VL 44 IS 9 BP 1653 EP 1660 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2006.01.018 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 052XY UT WOS:000238268600003 ER PT J AU Roh, HS Platon, A Wang, Y King, DL AF Roh, Hyun-Seog Platon, Alexandru Wang, Yong King, David L. TI Catalyst deactivation and regeneration in low temperature ethanol steam reforming with Rh/CeO2-ZrO2 catalysts SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ethanol steam reforming; deactivation; regeneration; low temperature; Rh/CeO2-ZrO2 ID BIOMASS-DERIVED HYDROCARBONS; SUPPORTED COBALT CATALYSTS; MIXED-OXIDE CATALYSTS; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; FUEL-CELLS; THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS; NI-CE-ZRO2 CATALYSTS; H-2 PRODUCTION; CO; METHANE AB Rh/CeO2-ZrO2 catalysts with various CeO2/ZrO2 ratios have been applied to H-2 production from ethanol steam reforming at low temperatures. The catalysts all deactivated with time on stream (TOS) at 350 degrees C. The addition of 0.5% K has a beneficial effect on catalyst stability, while 5% K has a negative effect on catalytic activity. The catalyst could be regenerated considerably even at ambient temperature and could recover its initial activity after regeneration above 200 degrees C with 1% O-2. The results are most consistent with catalyst deactivation due to carbonaceous deposition on the catalyst. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Korea Inst Energy Res, Taejon 305343, South Korea. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, POB 999, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM yongwang@pnl.gov RI Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013 NR 38 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 110 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1007/s10562-006-0082-2 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 072HQ UT WOS:000239664900001 ER PT J AU Ji, YY Toops, TJ Graham, UM Jacobs, G Crocker, M AF Ji, Yaying Toops, Todd J. Graham, Uschi M. Jacobs, Gary Crocker, Mark TI A kinetic and DRIFTS study of supported Pt catalysts for NO oxidation SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE nitric oxide; oxidation; platinum; ceria; silica ID LEAN-BURN CONDITIONS; SELECTIVE REDUCTION; PT/AL2O3 CATALYSTS; ALUMINA CATALYSTS; STORAGE CATALYST; CERIA SULFATION; ADSORPTION; MECHANISM; DISPERSION; SILICA AB NO oxidation was studied over Pt/CeO2 and Pt/SiO2 catalysts. Apparent activation energies (E-a) of 31.4 and 40.6 kJ/mole were determined for Pt/CeO2 and Pt/SiO2, respectively, while reaction orders for NO and O-2 were fractional and positive for both catalysts. Pre-treatment of the catalysts with SO2 caused a decrease in the E-a values, while the reaction orders were only slightly changed. In situ DRIFTS measurements indicated that high concentrations of nitrate species were formed on the surface of Pt/CeO2 during NO oxidation, while almost no surface species could be detected on Pt/SiO2. The addition of SO2 resulted in the formation of a highly stable sulfate at the expense of nitrate species and caused an irreversible loss of catalytic activity for Pt/CeO2. C1 Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Fuels Engines & Emiss Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Crocker, M (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, 2540 Res Pk Dr, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. EM crocker@caer.uky.edu RI Crocker, Mark/A-2704-2008; Jacobs, Gary/M-5349-2015 OI Jacobs, Gary/0000-0003-0691-6717 NR 38 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 110 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 37 DI 10.1007/s10562-006-0100-4 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 072HQ UT WOS:000239664900005 ER PT J AU Jung, JW Gidaspow, D Gamwo, IK AF Jung, JW Gidaspow, D Gamwo, IK TI Bubble computation, granular temperatures, and reynolds stresses SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE fluidization; granular temperature; numerical diffusion; bubble size; bubble formation criterion ID GAS-FLUIDIZED BEDS; PARTICLE-PARTICLE INTERACTIONS; KINETIC-THEORY; FLOW; SIMULATION; RISER; DYNAMICS; REACTORS AB Bubbles were simulated in a two-dimensional fluidized bed with a constant inlet velocity using two computer codes, the IIT code and the MFIX code. The computational results were compared to the Jung et al. ( 2005) experiments in a thin bubbling bed of 530 mu m glass beads. The use of higher order numerics produces better bubble resolution due to smaller numerical diffusion. The computed bubble sizes and their distributions agreed with the experiments. The simulations show that there is no bubble formation for sufficiently elastic particles. CFD computations and previous experiments show that in the bubbling fluidized beds there exist two random oscillations. The first kind is due to random oscillations of particles and is measured by the conventional granular temperature. The second one is due to motion of bubbles and gives rise to Reynolds type stresses. It is shown that the particle granular temperature is much smaller than the bubble-like granular temperature computed from the average of the normal Reynolds stresses, measured by Cody using a shot noise technique. C1 IIT, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Gidaspow, D (reprint author), IIT, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM gidaspow@iit.edu NR 48 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0098-6445 J9 CHEM ENG COMMUN JI Chem. Eng. Commun. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 193 IS 8 BP 946 EP 975 DI 10.1080/00986440500351982 PG 30 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 045BA UT WOS:000237716400003 ER PT J AU Kim, H Kaczmarski, K Guiochon, G AF Kim, Hyunjung Kaczmarski, Krzysztof Guiochon, Georges TI Isotherm parameters and intraparticle mass transfer kinetics on molecularly imprinted polymers in acetonitrile/buffer mobile phases SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Fmoc-L-tryptophan imprinted polymers; frontal analysis; isotherm parameters; intraparticle mass transfer kinetics; acetonitrile/buffer solutions; PH; amount of water ID ADSORPTION ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; EXPECTATION-MAXIMIZATION METHOD; CHIRAL STATIONARY PHASES; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; STRUCTURAL ANALOGS; RECOGNITION PROPERTIES; ORGANIC MODIFIER; PERFORMANCE; RETENTION; TEMPLATE AB The equilibrium isotherm and the intraparticle mass transfer kinetics of the enantiomers of the template were investigated on an Fmoc-L-tryptephan (FmOC-L-Trp) imprinted polymer at different pHs and water concentrations in acetonitrile/aqueous buffer mobile phases. The equilibrium isotherm data were measured using frontal analysis at 25 +/- 2 degrees C. The adsorption energy distribution was found to be trimodal, with narrow nodes. Consistent with this distribution, the adsorption data were modeled using a tri-Langnmir isotherm equation and the best estimates of the isotherm parameters were determined. The intraparticle mass transfer parameters were derived by comparing the profiles of experimental overloaded bands and the profiles calculated using the isotherm model and the lumped pore diffusion (POR) model of chromatography. These result showed that different adsorption and mass transfer mechanisms exist in mobile phases made of acetonitrile/aqueous buffer and of acetonitrile/acetic acid solutions. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Rzeszow Univ Technol, Fac Chem, PL-35959 Rzeszow, Poland. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu NR 50 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0009-2509 J9 CHEM ENG SCI JI Chem. Eng. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 61 IS 16 BP 5249 EP 5267 DI 10.1016/j.ces.2006.03.043 PG 19 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 068NT UT WOS:000239382000006 ER PT J AU Nie, JL Xiao, HY Zu, XT Gao, F AF Nie, J. L. Xiao, H. Y. Zu, X. T. Gao, Fei TI First principles calculations on Na and K-adsorbed diamond(100) surface SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE density functional theory calculations; diamond; sodium; potassium; work function ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SI(001)2X1-K SURFACE; DIMER RECONSTRUCTION; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; C(100) SURFACES; X-1) SURFACE; DOUBLE-LAYER; AB-INITIO; ADSORPTION; POTASSIUM AB Self-consistent, periodic, density functional theory calculations, using PW91 functional, have been performed to investigate Na and K adsorption on the C(100)(2 x 1) surface. Our calculations showed that Na and K adatoms preferred to occupy valley-bridge sites at the coverage (circle dot) of 0.5 ML. For the coverage of 1 ML, the combination of pedestal site and valley-bridge site turned out to be energetically favored. These findings are found to be consistent with those obtained for alkali-metal adsorption on silicon and germanium surfaces. Two desorption peaks named alpha and beta for K adsorption have been observed and assigned to pedestal or bridge site and valley-bridge sites experimentally, while our results showed that the alpha and beta states should be ascribed to pedestal site and valley-bridge sites and the combination of bridge and valley-bridge site is not the local minima. Work function analysis showed that when Na and K are adsorbed on diamond surface, the work function will decrease linearly with increasing coverage, up to a minimum, and finally increase again because of the depolarization of the adsorbate, agreeing well with experiments. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Int Ctr Mat Phys, Shenyang 110015, Peoples R China. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zu, XT (reprint author), Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. EM xiaotaozu@yahoo.com RI Xiao, Haiyan/A-1450-2012; Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012 NR 44 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 326 IS 2-3 BP 308 EP 314 DI 10.1016/j.chemphys.2006.02.005 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 068NH UT WOS:000239380700005 ER PT J AU Nie, JL Xiao, HY Zu, XT Gao, F AF Nie, J. L. Xiao, H. Y. Zu, X. T. Gao, Fei TI First-principles study of Sb adsorption on Ag(110)(2 x 2) SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE density functional theory; silver; antimony; substitutional ID ENERGY-ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; BY-LAYER GROWTH; HOMOEPITAXIAL GROWTH; ION-SCATTERING; SURFACE; AG(111); AG; DIFFUSION; CU(111); PSEUDOPOTENTIALS AB The adsorption of antimony atom on the Ag(110) surface has been studied within the density functional theory framework. It was turned out that Sb-Ag surface alloy was formed in which Sb atoms substitute Ag atom in the outermost layer and subsurface site absorption was not preferred, suggesting that Sb is well segregated to the surface. Geometric analysis showed that rumpling between substitutional Sb and Ag in the alloy surface is negligible. These results are found to agree well with the experimental finding of Nascimento et al. [Surf. Sci. 572 (2004) 337]. In addition, investigation of the diffusion of Ag atom on bare and Sb-covered Ag(110) surface showed that Ag adatoms will jump along the so call in-channel direction and Sb substitution has little effect on the diffusion of Ag adatoms on Ag(110) surface. Such diffusion behavior was found to be different from that of Ag adatoms on Ag(I 11) surface, where the diffusion energy barrier was reported to be significantly increased upon Sb substitution [Phys. Rev. Lett. 73 (1993) 2437]. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Int Ctr Mat Phys, Shenyang 110015, Peoples R China. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zu, XT (reprint author), Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. EM xiaotaozu@yahoo.com RI Xiao, Haiyan/A-1450-2012; Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012 NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 326 IS 2-3 BP 583 EP 588 DI 10.1016/j.chemphys.2006.03.022 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 068NH UT WOS:000239380700040 ER PT J AU Riddle, LA Guiochon, G AF Riddle, L. A. Guiochon, G. TI Influence of mobile phase gradients on the retention and separation of peptides from a cytochrome-c digest by reversed-phase liquid chromatography SO CHROMATOGRAPHIA LA English DT Article DE column liquid chromatography; gradient elution; protein digest; cytochrome-c ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; PEAK-CAPACITY; ELUTION; MIXTURES; HPLC; OPTIMIZATION; TEMPERATURE; PROTEINS; SAMPLES; BUFFER AB The retention data of the components of the peptide mixture obtained by the enzymatic digestion of cytochrome-c were measured under different gradient conditions, using different organic modifiers (acetonitrile, methanol, and tetrahydrofuran) in a 0.1% (v/v) aqueous solution of trifluoroacetic acid. The influences of the nature of the organic modifier, of the gradient steepness, and of the column length on the retention and the resolution of these peptides were studied. Peak capacity and retention factor calculations for gradient separations were helpful in determining a desired gradient for this separation. All three organic modifiers are shown to cause reversal orders of some peaks in the cytochrome-c digest separation. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU VIEWEG PI WIESBADEN PA ABRAHAM-LINCOLN-STRABE 46, POSTFACH 15 47, D-65005 WIESBADEN, GERMANY SN 0009-5893 J9 CHROMATOGRAPHIA JI Chromatographia PD AUG PY 2006 VL 64 IS 3-4 BP 121 EP 127 DI 10.1365/s10337-006-0839-1 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 082YC UT WOS:000240422100002 ER PT J AU Wyant, MC Bretherton, CS Bacmeister, JT Kiehl, JT Held, IM Zhao, M Klein, SA Soden, BJ AF Wyant, Matthew C. Bretherton, Christopher S. Bacmeister, Julio T. Kiehl, Jeffrey T. Held, Isaac M. Zhao, Ming Klein, Stephen A. Soden, Brian J. TI A comparison of low-latitude cloud properties and their response to climate change in three AGCMs sorted into regimes using mid-tropospheric vertical velocity SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERIC MODEL; RADIATION BUDGET EXPERIMENT; RELAXED ARAKAWA-SCHUBERT; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; MOIST CONVECTION; PART I; PARAMETERIZATION AB Low-latitude cloud distributions and cloud responses to climate perturbations are compared in near-current versions of three leading U.S. AGCMs, the NCAR CAM 3.0, the GFDL AM2.12b, and the NASA GMAO NSIPP-2 model. The analysis technique of Bony et al. (Clim Dyn 22:71-86, 2004) is used to sort cloud variables by dynamical regime using the monthly mean pressure velocity omega at 500 hPa from 30S to 30N. All models simulate the climatological monthly mean top-of-atmosphere longwave and shortwave cloud radiative forcing (CRF) adequately in all omega-regimes. However, they disagree with each other and with ISCCP satellite observations in regime-sorted cloud fraction, condensate amount, and cloud-top height. All models have too little cloud with tops in the middle troposphere and too much thin cirrus in ascent regimes. In subsidence regimes one model simulates cloud condensate to be too near the surface, while another generates condensate over an excessively deep layer of the lower troposphere. Standardized climate perturbation experiments of the three models are also compared, including uniform SST increase, patterned SST increase, and doubled CO2 over a mixed layer ocean. The regime-sorted cloud and CRF perturbations are very different between models, and show lesser, but still significant, differences between the same model simulating different types of imposed climate perturbation. There is a negative correlation across all general circulation models (GCMs) and climate perturbations between changes in tropical low cloud cover and changes in net CRF, suggesting a dominant role for boundary layer cloud in these changes. For some of the cases presented, upper-level clouds in deep convection regimes are also important, and changes in such regimes can either reinforce or partially cancel the net CRF response from the boundary layer cloud in subsidence regimes. This study highlights the continuing uncertainty in both low and high cloud feedbacks simulated by GCMs. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Wyant, MC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Box 351640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM mwyant@atmos.washington.edu RI Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014; Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016 OI Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X NR 44 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 27 IS 2-3 BP 261 EP 279 DI 10.1007/s00382-006-0138-4 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 070CB UT WOS:000239496800009 ER PT J AU Li, DS Saheli, G Khaleel, M Garmestani, H AF Li, Dongsheng Saheli, Ghazal Khaleel, Moe Garmestani, Hamid TI Microstructure optimization in fuel cell electrodes using materials design SO CMC-COMPUTERS MATERIALS & CONTINUA LA English DT Article DE materials design; fuel cell; electrode; statistical mechanics; multisclae ID STATISTICAL CONTINUUM THEORY; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; SENSITIVE DESIGN; 2-PHASE MEDIUM; EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR AB A multiscale model based on statistical continuum mechanics is proposed to predict the mechanical and electrical properties of heterogeneous porous media. This model is applied within the framework of microstructure sensitive design (MSD) to guide the design of the microstructure in porous lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM) fuel cell electrode. To satisfy the property requirement and compatibility, porosity and its distribution can be adjusted under the guidance of MSD to achieve optimized microstructure. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Li, DS (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, 771 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. OI khaleel, mohammad/0000-0001-7048-0749 NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU TECH SCIENCE PRESS PI ENCINO PA 4924 BALBOA BLVD, # 488, ENCINO, CA 91316 USA SN 1546-2218 J9 CMC-COMPUT MATER CON JI CMC-Comput. Mat. Contin. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 4 IS 1 BP 31 EP 42 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mathematics GA 084OL UT WOS:000240542700004 ER PT J AU Ma, J Lu, H Wang, B Hornung, R Wissink, A Komanduri, R AF Ma, J. Lu, H. Wang, B. Hornung, R. Wissink, A. Komanduri, R. TI Multiscale simulation using generalized interpolation material point (GIMP) method and molecular dynamics (MD) SO CMES-COMPUTER MODELING IN ENGINEERING & SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE incremental atomic strain; multiscale simulation; GIMP; MD; coupling; SAMRAI; crack; friction ID CRACK-PROPAGATION; CONTINUUM; STRESS; SCALE AB A new method for multiscale simulation bridging two scales, namely, the continuum scale using the generalized interpolation material point (GIMP) method and the atomistic scale using the molecular dynamics (MD), is presented and verified in 2D. The atomistic strain from the molecular dynamics simulation is determined through interpolation of the displacement field into an Eulerian background grid using the same generalized interpolation functions as that in the GIMP method. The atomistic strain is consistent with that determined from the virial theorem for interior points but provides more accurate values at the boundary of the MD region and in the transition region between MD-GIMP A material point in the continuum is split into smaller material points using multi-level refinement until it has nearly reached the atom size to couple with atoms in the MD region. Consequently, coupling between GIMP and MD is achieved by using compatible deformation, force, and energy fields in the transition region between GIMP and MD. The coupling algorithm is implemented in the Structural Adaptive Mesh Refinement Application Infrastructure (SAMRAI) for parallel processing. Both mode I and mode II crack problems are simulated using the coupling algorithm. The stress field near the crack tip was verified by comparing the results from the coupled simulations with purely GIMP simulations of the same model. Coupled simulation results were also compared with pure MD simulation results. In both cases, a very good agreement was obtained. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Komanduri, R (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM ranga@ceat.okstate.edu RI Lu, Hongbing/A-1312-2011 NR 26 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 10 PU TECH SCIENCE PRESS PI ENCINO PA 4924 BALBOA BLVD, # 488, ENCINO, CA 91316 USA SN 1526-1492 J9 CMES-COMP MODEL ENG JI CMES-Comp. Model. Eng. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 14 IS 2 BP 101 EP 117 PG 17 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 084OM UT WOS:000240542800003 ER PT J AU Vagelopoulos, CM Frank, JH AF Vagelopoulos, Christina M. Frank, Jonathan H. TI Transient response of premixed methane flames SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE laminar premixed flame; vortex-flame interaction; planar laser-induced fluorescence ID VORTEX INTERACTIONS; AIR FLAMES; CHEMISTRY; OBSERVABLES; COMBUSTION AB The response of premixed methane-air flames to transient strain and local variations in equivalence ratio is studied during isolated interactions between a line-vortex pair and a V-flame. The temporal evolution of OH and CH is measured with planar laser-induced fluorescence for N-2-diluted flames with equivalence ratios ranging from 0.8 to 1.2. One-dimensional laminar flame calculations are used to simulate the flame response to unsteady strain and variations in reactant composition. When the reactant composition of the vortex pair and the V-flame are identical, the measurements and predictions show that the peak mole fractions of OH and CH decay monotonically in lean, stoichiometric, and rich flames. We also investigate the effects of a vortex pair with a leaner composition than the V-flame. In a stoichiometric flame, the leaner vortex enhances the decay of both OH and CH. In a rich flame, we observe an abrupt increase in OH-LIF signal and a disappearance of CH-LIF signal that are consistent with a previous experimental investigation. Our results indicate that the previously observed OH burst and CH breakage were caused by a difference in the equivalence ratios of the vortex pair and the main reactant flow. A numerical study shows that N-2 dilution enhances the response of premixed flames to unsteady strain and variations in stoichiometry. Reaction-path and sensitivity analyses indicate that the peak OH and CH mole fractions exhibit significant sensitivity to the main branching reaction, H + O-2 <->. OH + O. The sensitivity of OH and CH to this and other reactions is enhanced by N-2 dilution. As a result, N-2-diluted flames provide a good test case for studying the reliability of chemical kinetic and transport models. (c) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Frank, JH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM jhfrank@ca.sandia.gov NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD AUG PY 2006 VL 146 IS 3 BP 572 EP 588 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2006.04.007 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 075GD UT WOS:000239871400013 ER PT J AU Grcar, JF Day, MS Bell, JB AF Grcar, JF Day, MS Bell, JB TI A taxonomy of integral reaction path analysis SO COMBUSTION THEORY AND MODELLING LA English DT Article DE simulation diagnostics; reaction path analysis ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; DIFFUSION FLAMES; PREMIXED FLAMES; NITRIC-OXIDE; COMBUSTION; CHEMISTRY; OXIDATION; HYDROGEN; AMMONIA; HYDROCARBONS AB Achieving understanding through combustion modelling is limited by the ability to recognize the implications of what has been computed and to draw conclusions about the elementary steps underlying the reaction mechanism. This difficulty can be overcome in part by making better use of reaction path analysis in the context of multidimensional flame simulations. Following a survey of current practice, an integral reaction flux is formulated in terms of conserved scalars that can be calculated in a fully automated way. Conditional analyses are then introduced, and a taxonomy for bidirectional path analysis is explored. Many examples illustrate the resulting path analyses and uncover some new results about laminar non-premixed methane-air jets. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Grcar, JF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Mail Stop 50A-1148,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jfgrcar@lbl.gov NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-7830 J9 COMBUST THEOR MODEL JI Combust. Theory Model. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 10 IS 4 BP 559 EP 579 DI 10.1080/13647830600551917 PG 21 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mathematics GA 059WW UT WOS:000238763900002 ER PT J AU Wang, YQ Lin, HQ Gubernatis, JE AF Wang, Yong-Qiang Lin, Hai-Qing Gubernatis, J. E. TI Zero temperature numerical studies of multiband lattice models of strongly correlated electrons SO COMMUNICATIONS IN COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE Lanczos method; density matrix renormalization group; constrained-path Monte Carlo; three-band Hubbard model; periodic Anderson model; Falicov-Kimball model ID FALICOV-KIMBALL MODEL; PERIODIC ANDERSON MODEL; 3-BAND HUBBARD-MODEL; QUANTUM MONTE-CARLO; GROUND-STATE PROPERTIES; INSULATOR-METAL TRANSITIONS; HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; SPIN-EXCITATION GAPS; 2 DIMENSIONS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES AB Relative to single-band models, multiband models of strongly interacting electron systems are of growing interest because of their wider range of novel phenomena and their closer match to the electronic structure of real materials. In this brief review we discuss the physics of three multiband models (the three-band Hubbard, the periodic Anderson, and the Falicov-Kimball models) that was obtained by numerical simulations at zero temperature. We first give heuristic descriptions of the three principal numerical methods (the Lanczos, the density matrix renormalization group, and the constrained-path Monte Carlo methods). We then present generalized versions of the models and discuss the measurables most often associated with them. Finally, we summarize the results of their ground state numerical studies. While each model was developed to study specific phenomena, unexpected phenomena, usually of a subtle quantum mechanical nature, are often exhibited. Just as often, the predictions of the numerical simulations differ from those of mean-field theories. C1 Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Inst Theoret Phys, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lin, HQ (reprint author), Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM hqlin@sun1.phy.cuhk.edu.hk NR 112 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU GLOBAL SCIENCE PRESS PI WANCHAI PA ROOM 3208, CENTRAL PLAZA, 18 HARBOUR RD, WANCHAI, HONG KONG 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1815-2406 J9 COMMUN COMPUT PHYS JI Commun. Comput. Phys. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 1 IS 4 BP 575 EP 615 PG 41 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 096BY UT WOS:000241353200001 ER PT J AU Hastings, MB Koma, T AF Hastings, MB Koma, T TI Spectral gap and exponential decay of correlations SO COMMUNICATIONS IN MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL HUBBARD MODELS; QUANTUM SPIN SYSTEMS; THEOREM; CHAINS; STATES AB We study the relation between the spectral gap above the ground state and the decay of the correlations in the ground state in quantum spin and fermion systems with short-range interactions on a wide class of lattices. We prove that, if two observables anticommute with each other at large distance, then the nonvanishing spectral gap implies exponential decay of the corresponding correlation. When two observables commute with each other at large distance, the connected correlation function decays exponentially under the gap assumption. If the observables behave as a vector under the U(1) rotation of a global symmetry of the system, we use previous results on the large distance decay of the correlation function to show the stronger statement that the correlation function itself, rather than just the connected correlation function, decays exponentially under the gap assumption on a lattice with a certain self-similarity in (fractal) dimensions D < 2. In particular, if the system is translationally invariant in one of the spatial directions, then this self-similarity condition is automatically satisfied. We also treat systems with long-range, power-law decaying interactions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Gakushuin Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, Tokyo 1718588, Japan. RP Hastings, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hastings@lanl.gov; tohru.koma@gakushuin.ac.jp NR 22 TC 161 Z9 161 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0010-3616 J9 COMMUN MATH PHYS JI Commun. Math. Phys. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 265 IS 3 BP 781 EP 804 DI 10.1007/s00220-006-0030-4 PG 24 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 055IX UT WOS:000238444800008 ER PT J AU Natarajan, V Wang, YS Bremer, PT Pascucci, V Hamann, B AF Natarajan, Vijay Wang, Yusu Bremer, Peer-Timo Pascucci, Valerio Hamann, Bernd TI Segmenting molecular surfaces SO COMPUTER AIDED GEOMETRIC DESIGN LA English DT Article DE segmentation; Morse theory; Morse-Smale complex; multiresolution data structure; visualization; structural biology; molecular graphics ID PROTEIN-STRUCTURE; COMPLEXES AB This paper presents a new method for segmentation of molecular surfaces. Topological analysis of a scalar function defined on the surface and its associated gradient field reveals the relationship between the features of interest and critical points of the scalar function. The segmentation is obtained by associating segments with local minima/maxima. Controlled simplification of the function merges segments resulting in a hierarchical segmentation of the molecular surface. This segmentation is used to identify rigid components of protein molecules and to study the role of cavities and protrusions in protein-protein interactions. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Inst Data Anal & Visualizat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Natarajan, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Inst Data Anal & Visualizat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM vijayn@ucdavis.edu; yusu@cse.ohio-state.edu; ptbremer@acm.org; pascuccil@llnl.gov; hamann@cs.ucdavis.edu NR 33 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8396 EI 1879-2332 J9 COMPUT AIDED GEOM D JI Comput. Aided Geom. Des. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 23 IS 6 BP 495 EP 509 DI 10.1016/j.cagd.2006.02.003 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 066WK UT WOS:000239260900003 ER PT J AU Demas, V Meriles, C Sakellariou, D Han, SI Reimer, J Pines, A AF Demas, Vasiliki Meriles, Carlos Sakellariou, Dimitris Han, Song-I Reimer, Jeffrey Pines, Alexander TI Toward ex situ phase-encoded spectroscopic imaging SO CONCEPTS IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE PART B-MAGNETIC RESONANCE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE ex situ; single sided; low field; inhomogeneous fields; spectroscopic imaging; RF matching ID SINGLE-SIDED SENSOR; RESOLUTION NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; MOUSE; PULSES; PROBE AB Spectroscopic imaging of a sample placed outside of both the radio frequency and the imaging gradient coils is presented. The sample is placed in a field with a permanent one-dimensional inhomogeneity. The imaging gradients used for phase encoding are designed to produce a static field that depends only on the transverse direction, uncoupling the effects associated with the single-sided nature of these coils. Two-dimensional imaging coupled with chemical shift information is obtained via the ex situ matching technique. Open-saddle geometry is used to match the static field profile for chemical shift information recovery. (C) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CUNY City Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10031 USA. CEA Saclay, DSM, DRECAM,Lab Claude Frejacques, SCM CNRS URA 331, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Demas, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Dept Chem, D62 Hildebrand, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM vdemas@berkeley.edu RI Sakellariou, Dimitrios/F-2846-2010; Han, Songi/E-4723-2012 OI Sakellariou, Dimitrios/0000-0001-7424-5543; Han, Songi/0000-0001-6489-6246 NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-5031 J9 CONCEPT MAGN RESON B JI Concepts Magn. Reson. Part B PD AUG PY 2006 VL 29B IS 3 BP 137 EP 144 DI 10.1002/cmr.b.20069 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 067JN UT WOS:000239298100004 ER PT J AU Bakac, A AF Bakac, Andreja TI Kinetic and mechanistic studies of the reactions of transition metal-activated oxygen with inorganic substrates SO COORDINATION CHEMISTRY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE oxygen activation; hydroperoxo; oxygen transfer; acid catalysis; electron transfer; halide ID OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTIONS; MACROCYCLIC SUPEROXORHODIUM(III) COMPLEX; PHOTOSYNTHETIC WATER OXIDATION; ELECTRON-TRANSFER REACTIONS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; ATOM-TRANSFER; SPECTROSCOPIC IDENTIFICATION AB The intermediates generated in the process of oxygen activation at metal centers participate in hydrogen and oxygen atom transfer, electron transfer, substitution, acid-base chemistry, and free radical chemistry. The reactivity and intrinsic lifetimes of such intermediates in aqueous solutions are a strong function of pH as the metal-oxygen interaction adds an extra dimension to the already complex pH dependence of O-2 reduction. Acid-base chemistry at "nonparticipating" ligands plays a major role in the kinetics and mechanisms, and can even determine the outcome of some reactions. Superoxometal complexes are subject to homolytic metal-oxygen bond cleavage in acidic solutions, but decompose by heterolysis at higher pH. Reactions of halides by hydroperoxo and peroxo complexes proceed through two major channels - oxidation of halide ions, and catalysis of H2O2 disproportionation - in close resemblance to enzymes haloperoxidases. The combination of the thermodynamics of electron transfer and protonation equilibria make transition metal hydroperoxo complexes both better oxidants and better reductants than the parent H2O2 in 2-electron reactions. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bakac, A (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM bakac@ameslab.gov NR 126 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0010-8545 J9 COORDIN CHEM REV JI Coord. Chem. Rev. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 250 IS 15-16 BP 2046 EP 2058 DI 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.02.001 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 069BW UT WOS:000239420700009 ER PT J AU Huang, RS Lin, CJ Isaacs, HS AF Huang, R. S. Lin, C. J. Isaacs, H. S. TI Measuring streaking rates of an Al-Zn alloy using a difference imaging technique SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aluminum; alloy; difference imaging technique; streaking corrosion ID ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; CORROSION BEHAVIOR; PITTING CORROSION; HEAT-TREATMENT; THIN-FILMS; AA3005; GROWTH; PITS AB An in situ difference imaging technique was used to measure the linear- and area-velocity of streaking corrosion on aluminum alloy AA7075 in chloride solutions. These velocities are difficult to assess by direct observations. Both the linear and area velocities of corrosion streaks strongly depended on the concentration of the chloride solutions. The area velocity decreased at higher chloride concentrations, whereas linear velocity increased. The differences in dependencies on chloride were considered to result from changes in the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the solutions. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Xiamen Univ, Dept Chem, State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surfaces, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. RP Isaacs, HS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM isaacs@bnl.gov RI Lin, CJ/G-3392-2010 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 48 IS 8 BP 1867 EP 1873 DI 10.1016/j.corsci.2006.05.039 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 077UD UT WOS:000240055200001 ER PT J AU Osbourn, A He, SY AF Osbourn, Anne He, Sheng Yang TI Biotic interactions - Towards a unifying and balanced view - Editorial overview SO CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 John Innes Ctr Plant Sci Res, Dept Metab Biol, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. Michigan State Univ, DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Osbourn, A (reprint author), John Innes Ctr Plant Sci Res, Dept Metab Biol, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. EM anne.osbourn@bbsrc.ac.uk; hes@msu.edu NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5266 J9 CURR OPIN PLANT BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 9 IS 4 BP 347 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.pbi.2006.05.012 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 068LE UT WOS:000239374600001 PM 16753330 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, LG Lockett, SJ Holtom, GR AF Rodriguez, Luis G. Lockett, Stephen J. Holtom, Gary R. TI Coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering microscopy: A biological review SO CYTOMETRY PART A LA English DT Review DE CARS microscopy; Raman scattering; vibrational spectroscopy; nonlinear optical effects; live cell imaging ID PROTEIN DISTRIBUTION; HIGH-SENSITIVITY; THIN-FILMS; CELLS; SPECTROSCOPY; VISUALIZATION; GENERATION; RESOLUTION; VESICLES; BILAYERS AB Microscopic imaging of cells and tissues are generated by the interaction of light with either the sample itself or contrast agents that label the sample. Most contrast agents, however, alter the cell in order to introduce molecular labels, complicating live cell imaging. The interaction of light from multiple laser sources has given rise to microscopy, based on Raman scattering or vibrational resonance, which demonstrates selectivity to specific chemical bonds while imaging unmodified live cells. Here, we discuss the nonlinear optical technique of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy, its instrumentation, and its status in live cell imaging. (c) 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NCI, SAIC Frederick, Image Anal Lab, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Holtom, GR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999-K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM gary.holtom@pnl.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS; NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-12400] NR 46 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4922 J9 CYTOM PART A JI Cytom. Part A PD AUG PY 2006 VL 69A IS 8 BP 779 EP 791 DI 10.1002/cyto.a.20299 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 089WE UT WOS:000240911400007 PM 16752420 ER PT J AU Kasili, PM Vo-Dinh, T AF Kasili, Paul M. Vo-Dinh, Tuan TI Hyperspectral imaging system using acousto-optic tunable filter for flow cytometry applications SO CYTOMETRY PART A LA English DT Article DE hyperspectral imaging; AOTF; cytometry ID CELLS; APOPTOSIS; DEATH AB A major advantage of flow cytometry is its flexible and open instrument configuration, which is highly suitable for systems integration. This flexibility permits the coupling of auxiliary instrumentation that may offer the measurement of parameters other than those typically measured by this multiparameter measurement technique. On the basis of this advantage, we explore the principle and application of hyperspectral imaging (HSI), which has the potential to be a useful add-on feature to flow cytometry applications. Application of HSI to flow cytometry involves the acquisition of spatial information and rendering it in spectral form. In this work, we describe the development and application of an HSI system which provides both spectral and spatial information. Spectral information was generated by obtaining an entire spectrum of a single sample site within a wavelength region of interest, while spatial information was generated by recording a two-dimensional (2D) image of an area of the sample of interest at one specificwavelength. HSI is a promising additional feature to flow cytometry since it can provide both spatial (image format) and spectral information in addition to the multiparameter information already available from flow cytometry measurements. (c) 2006 international Society for Analytical Cytology C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Biomed Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM vodinht@ornl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA88787-01] NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4922 J9 CYTOM PART A JI Cytom. Part A PD AUG PY 2006 VL 69A IS 8 BP 835 EP 841 DI 10.1002/cyto.a.20307 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 089WE UT WOS:000240911400012 PM 16969807 ER PT J AU Goddard, G Martin, JC Naivar, M Goodwin, PM Graves, SW Habbersett, R Nolan, JP Jett, JH AF Goddard, Gregory Martin, John C. Naivar, Mark Goodwin, Peter M. Graves, Steven W. Habbersett, Robb Nolan, John P. Jett, James H. TI Single particle high resolution spectral analysis flow cytometry SO CYTOMETRY PART A LA English DT Article DE fluorescence; spectral analysis; flow cytometry; charge-coupled device; spectral deconvolution; multiplex microsphere analysis ID FLUORESCENCE-SPECTRA; SPECTROSCOPY; CELLS; SENSITIVITY; DECONVOLUTION; COMPENSATION; LIMITATIONS; SYSTEM; WATER AB Background: While conventional multiparameter flow cytometers have proven highly successful, there are several types of analytical measurements that would benefit from a more comprehensive and flexible approach to spectral analysis including, but certainly not limited to spectral deconvolution of overlapping emission spectra, fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements, metachromic dye analysis, free versus bound dye resolution, and Raman spectroscopy. Methods: Our system utilizes a diffraction grating to disperse the collected fluorescence and side-scattered light from cells or microspheres passing through the interrogation region over a rectangular charge-coupled-device image sensor. The flow cell and collection optics are taken from a conventional flow cytometer with minimal modifications to assure modularity of the system. Results: Calibration of the prototype spectral analysis flow cytometer included wavelength characterization and calibration of the dispersive optics. Benchmarking of the system demonstrated a single particle/cell intensity sensitivity of 2160 MESF of R-Phycoerythrin. Single particle spectra taken with our instrument were validated against bulk solution fluorimeter and conventional flow cytometer measurements. Coefficients of variation of integrated spectral fluorescence intensity of several sets of standard fluorescent microspheres ranged from 1.4 to 4.8% on the spectral system. Spectral discrimination of free versus PI bound to cells is also demonstrated. Conclusions: It is demonstrated that the flow spectrometer has sufficient sensitivity and wavelength resolution to detect single cells and microspheres, including multi-fluorophore labeled microspheres. The capability to use both standard mathematical deconvolution techniques for data analysis, coupled with the feasibility of integration with existing flow cytometers, will improve the accuracy and precision of ratiometric measurements, enable the analysis of more discrete emission bands within a given wavelength range, and allow more precise resolution of the relative contribution of individual fluoro-phores in multiply-tagged samples, thereby enabling a range of new applications involving the spectral analysis of single cells and particles. (c) 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Goddard, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, MS M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ggoddard@lanl.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-01315]; NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB003824-02, R01 EB003824] NR 53 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4922 J9 CYTOM PART A JI Cytom. Part A PD AUG PY 2006 VL 69A IS 8 BP 842 EP 851 DI 10.1002/cyto.a.20320 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 089WE UT WOS:000240911400013 PM 16969803 ER PT J AU Nuffer, LL Medvick, PA Foote, HP Solinsky, JC AF Nuffer, Lisa L. Medvick, Patricia A. Foote, Harlan P. Solinsky, James C. TI Multispectral/hyperspectral image enhancement for biological cell analysis SO CYTOMETRY PART A LA English DT Article DE independent component analysis; higher-order statistics; multispectral imagery; hyperspectral imagery; biological cell analysis; liquid crystal-based filtering; real-time processing AB Background: Microscopes form projected images from illuminated objects, such as cellular tissue, which are recorded at a distance through the optical system's field of view. A telescope on a satellite or airplane also forms images with a similar optical projection of objects on the ground. Typical visible illuminations form a displayed set of three-color channels (Red Green Blue [RGB]) that are combined from three image sensor arrays (e.g., focal plane arrays) into a single pixel coding for each color present in the image. Analysis of these RGB color images develops a qualitative image representation of the objects. Methods: Independent component analysis (ICA) is used for analysis and enhancement of multispectral images, and compared with the similar and widely used principal component analysis. Results: The data examples indicate that the ICA enhancement, and the resulting RGB image combination display, can be useful in processing datacubes of cellular data where isolation of unknown subtle image elements representing objects is desired. Conclusions: ICA image enhancement can aid processing of datacubes of cellular data by clarifying subtle image elements. These parallelizable algorithms can be implemented for real-time, online analysis. (c) 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Solinsky Serv Inc, Gig Harbor, WA USA. RP Nuffer, LL (reprint author), 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM lisa.nuffer@pnl.gov NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4922 J9 CYTOM PART A JI Cytom. Part A PD AUG PY 2006 VL 69A IS 8 BP 897 EP 903 DI 10.1002/cyto.a.20294 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 089WE UT WOS:000240911400019 PM 16680707 ER PT J AU Weathers, KC Simkin, SM Lovett, GM Lindberg, SE AF Weathers, Kathleen C. Simkin, Samuel M. Lovett, Gary M. Lindberg, Steven E. TI Empirical modeling of atmospheric deposition in mountainous landscapes SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Acadia National Park (USA); atmospheric deposition; elevation; GIS; Great Smoky Mountain National Park (USA); hotspots; landscape features; model; nitrogen; sulfur; throughfall; vegetation type ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; CLOUD-WATER DEPOSITION; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; WET DEPOSITION; NORTH-AMERICA; NEW-YORK; APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS; SULFATE DEPOSITION; CATSKILL MOUNTAINS; DRY DEPOSITION AB Atmospheric deposition has long been recognized as an, important source of pollutants and nutrients to ecosystems. The need for reliable, spatially explicit estimates of, total atmospheric deposition (wet + dry + cloud) is central, not only to air pollution effects researchers, but also for calculation of input-output budgets, and to decision makers faced with the challenge of assessing the efficacy of policy initiatives related to deposition. Although atmospheric deposition continues to represent a critical environmental and scientific issue, current estimates of total deposition have large uncertainties, particularly across heterogeneous landscapes such as montane regions. We developed an empirical modeling approach that predicts total deposition as a function of landscape features. We measured indices of total deposition to the landscapes of Acadia (121 km(2)) and Great Smoky Mountains (2074 km(2)) National Parks (USA). Using similar to 300-400 point measurements and corresponding landscape variables at each park, we constructed a statistical (general linear) model relating the deposition index to landscape variables measured in the field. The deposition indices ranged over an order of magnitude, and in response to vegetation type and elevation, which together explained similar to 40% of the variation in deposition. Then, using the independent landscape variables available in GIS data layers, we created a GIS-relevant statistical nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) deposition model (LandMod). We applied this model to create park-wide maps of total deposition that were scaled to wet and dry deposition data from the closest national network monitoring stations. The resultant deposition maps showed high spatial heterogeneity and a four- to sixfold variation in "hot spots" and "cold spots" of N and S deposition ranging from 3 to 31 kg N(.)ha(-1.)yr(-1) and from 5 to 42 kg(.)S(.)ha(-1.)y.(-1) across these park landscapes. Area-weighted deposition was found to be up to 70% greater than NADP plus CASTNET monitoring-station estimates together. Model-validation results suggest that the model slightly overestimates deposition for deciduous and coniferous forests at low elevation and underestimates deposition for high-elevation coniferous forests. The spatially explicit deposition estimates derived from LandMod are an improvement over what is currently available. Future research should test LandMod in,other mountainous environments and refine it to account for (currently) unexplained Variation in deposition. C1 Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Weathers, KC (reprint author), Inst Ecosyst Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. EM weathersk@ecostudies.org RI Lovett, Gary/H-3800-2013; OI Lovett, Gary/0000-0002-8411-8027 NR 59 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 3 U2 28 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 16 IS 4 BP 1590 EP 1607 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[1590:EMOADI]2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 073EV UT WOS:000239726700027 PM 16937820 ER PT J AU Fellows, CS Valett, HM Dahm, CN Mulholland, PJ Thomas, SA AF Fellows, C. S. Valett, H. M. Dahm, C. N. Mulholland, P. J. Thomas, S. A. TI Coupling nutrient uptake and energy flow in headwater streams SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE metabolism; nitrogen; carbon; primary production; respiration; autotroph; heterotroph; autochthonous; allochthonous ID OXYGEN CHANGE TECHNIQUE; ORGANIC-CARBON; ECOSYSTEM METABOLISM; FOREST STREAM; HETEROTROPHIC METABOLISM; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE; HYPORHEIC ZONE; NITRATE UPTAKE; DESERT STREAM AB Nutrient cycling and energy flow in ecosystems are tightly linked through the metabolic processes of organisms. Greater uptake of inorganic nutrients is expected to be associated with higher rates of metabolism [gross primary production (GPP) and respiration (R)], due to assimilatory demand of both autotrophs and heterotrophs. However, relationships between uptake and metabolism should vary with the relative contribution of autochthonous and allochthonous sources of organic matter. To investigate the relationship between metabolism and nutrient uptake, we used whole-stream and benthic chamber methods to measure rates of nitratenitrogen (NO3-N) uptake and metabolism in four headwater streams chosen to span a range of light availability and therefore differing rates of GPP and contributions of autochthonous carbon. We coupled whole-stream metabolism with measures of NO3-N uptake conducted repeatedly over the same stream reach during both day arid night, as well as incubating benthic sediments under both light and dark conditions. NO3-N uptake was generally greater in daylight compared to dark conditions, and although day-night differences in whole-stream uptake were not significant, light-dark differences in benthic chambers were significant at three of the four sites. Estimates of N demand indicated that assimilation by photoautotrophs could account for the majority of NO3-N uptake at the two sites with relatively open canopies. Contrary to expectations, photoautotrophs contributed substantially to NO3-N uptake even at the two closed-canopy sites, which had low values of GPP/R and relied heavily on allochthonous carbon to fuel R. C1 Griffith Univ, Fac Environm Sci, Ctr Riverine Landscapes, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Fellows, CS (reprint author), Griffith Univ, Fac Environm Sci, Ctr Riverine Landscapes, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia. EM C.Fellows@griffith.edu.au RI Fellows, Christine/C-1433-2008; Mulholland, Patrick/C-3142-2012 NR 77 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 7 U2 56 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD AUG PY 2006 VL 9 IS 5 BP 788 EP 804 DI 10.1007/s10021-006-0005-5 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 088TA UT WOS:000240832800009 ER PT J AU Liu, GD Timchalk, C Lin, YH AF Liu, Guodong Timchalk, Charles Lin, Yuehe TI Bioelectrochemical magnetic immunosensing of trichloropyridinol: A potential insecticide biomarker SO ELECTROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE TCP; immunosensor; electrochemical immunosensing; magnetic immunosensing ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RAT PLASMA; ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSOR; 3,5,6-TRICHLORO-2-PYRIDINOL; URINE; CHLORPYRIFOS; IMMUNOASSAY; METABOLITES; ANTIBODY AB A fast, simple and sensitive bioelectrochemical magnetic immunosensing method is developed to monitor a potential insecticide biomarker, trichloropyridinol (TCP), in environmental sample. A magnet/glassy carbon (MGC) working electrode was used to accumulate immunocomplex associated magnetic beads and separate free and unbound reagents after liquid phase competitive immunoreaction among TCP antibody coated magnetic beads, TCP analyte and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeled TCP The activity of HRP tracers was monitored by square-wave voltammetry (SWV) by scanning electrocactive enzymatic product in the presence of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine dihydrochloride and hydrogen peroxide (TMB-H2O2) substrate solution. The electrochemical signal of enzymatic product was greatly enhanced by dual accumulation events: magnetic accumulation of enzyme tracers bound magnetic beads and constant potential accumulation of enzymatic product. The voltammetric characteristics of substrate and enzymatic product were investigated, and the parameters of SWV analysis and immunoassay were optimized. Under the optimal conditions the immunosensor was used to measure as low as 5 ng L-1 (ppt) TCP, which is 50-fold lower than the value indicated by the manufacture of the TCP RaPID Assay kit (0.25 mu g/L, colorimetric detection). The performance of the developed immunosensing system was successfully evaluated with river water samples spiked with TCP, indicating this convenient and sensitive technique offers great promise for decentralized environmental application. This technique could be readily used for detection of other environmental contaminants by developing specific antibodies against the contaminants and are expected to open new opportunities for environmental monitoring and public health. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lin, YH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM yuehe.lin@pnl.gov RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1040-0397 J9 ELECTROANAL JI Electroanalysis PD AUG PY 2006 VL 18 IS 16 BP 1605 EP 1613 DI 10.1002/elan.200603563 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 077LO UT WOS:000240031100010 ER PT J AU Ivnitski, D Branch, B Atanassov, P Apblett, C AF Ivnitski, Dmitri Branch, Brittany Atanassov, Plamen Apblett, Christopher TI Glucose oxidase anode for biofuel cell based on direct electron transfer SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE glucose oxidase; carbon nanotubes; biofuel cell; direct electron transfer ID CARBON NANOTUBES; FUEL-CELLS; MEMBRANES; ENZYME AB This paper presents a new design concept of a glucose oxidase (GO(x)) electrode as an anode for the biofuel cell based on direct electron transfer (DET) between the active site of an enzyme and the multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT)-modified electrode surface. Toray (R) carbon paper (TP) with a porous three-dimensional network (78% porosity) was used as a matrix for selectively growing multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The incorporation of MWCNTs into TP was provided by the chemical vapor deposition technique after an electrochemical transition of cobalt metal seeds. This approach has the ability to efficiently promote DET reactions. The morphologies and electrochemical characteristics of the GO(x) modified electrodes were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and potentiometric methods. The combination of poly-cation polyethylenimine (PEI) with negatively charged glucose oxidase provides formation of similar to 100 nm thick films on the TP/MWCNT surface. The tetrabutylammonium bromide salt-treated Nafion (R) was used as GO(x) binder and proton-conducting medium. The TP/MWCNT/PEI/GO(x)/Nafion (R) modified electrode operates at 25 degrees C in 0.02 M phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.9) containing 0.1 M KCl in the presence of 20 mM glucose. The open circuit potential of GO(x) anode was between -0.38 V and -0.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl, which is closer to the redox potential of the FAD/FADH(2) cofactor in the enzyme itself. The GO(x) electrode has a potential to work in vivo by using endogenous substances, such as glucose and oxygen. Such a glucose anode allows for the development of a new generation of miniaturized membrane-less biofuel cells. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ivnitski, D (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, 209 Farris Engn Ctr,Room 150, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM ivnitski@unm.edu RI Atanassov, Plamen/G-4616-2011; Milton, Ross/J-7164-2012 NR 27 TC 180 Z9 181 U1 6 U2 89 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 8 IS 8 BP 1204 EP 1210 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2006.05.024 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 075FY UT WOS:000239870800002 ER PT J AU Yoon, WS Chung, KY McBreen, J Yang, XQ AF Yoon, Won-Sub Chung, Kyung Yoon McBreen, James Yang, Xiao-Qing TI A comparative study on structural changes of LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 and LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 during first charge using in situ XRD SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE in situ XRD; lithium rechargeable batteries; LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2; LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; CATHODE MATERIALS AB A synchrotron based in situ XRD technique was used to investigate the structural changes of Li1-xCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 as cathode material in lithium battery during first charge in comparison with Li1-xNi0.8CO0.15Al0.05O2. The structural changes of these two cathode materials during first charge follow the similar trend as LiNiO2: an expansion along the c-axis of the unit cell with contractions along the a- and b-axis during the early stage of charge and a major contraction along the c-axis with slight expansions along the a- and b-axis near the end of charge at high voltage limit. However, the degree of disorder in Li1-xCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 is higher than in Li1-xNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2, which in turn is higher than in LiNiO2. More importantly, the structural stability of Li1-xCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 is higher than Li1-xNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2, which in turn is higher than LiNiO2, as reflected in the suppression of hexagonal 3 (H3) phase with collapsed c-axis formed at the end of charge. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Chem Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Battery Res Ctr, Seoul 130650, South Korea. RP Yang, XQ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Chem Dept, Bldg 555, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM xyang@bnl.gov RI Chung, Kyung Yoon/E-4646-2011; Yoon, Won-Sub/H-2343-2011 OI Chung, Kyung Yoon/0000-0002-1273-746X; NR 13 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 11 U2 108 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 8 IS 8 BP 1257 EP 1262 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2006.06.005 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 075FY UT WOS:000239870800012 ER PT J AU Iyer, M Kempton, W Payne, C AF Iyer, M Kempton, W Payne, C TI Comparison groups on bills: Automated, personalized energy information SO ENERGY AND BUILDINGS LA English DT Article DE innovative billing; energy feedback; energy efficiency AB A program called "Innovative Billing" has been developed to provide individualized energy information for a mass audience-the entire residential customer base of an electric or gas utility. Customers receive a graph on the bill that compares that customer's consumption with other similar customers for the same month. The program aims to stimulate customers to make efficiency improvements. To group as many as several million customers into small "comparison groups", an automated method must be developed drawing solely from the data available to the utility. This paper develops and applies methods to compare the quality of resulting comparison groups. A data base of 114,000 customers from a utility billing system was used to evaluate Innovative Billing comparison groups, comparing four alternative criteria: house characteristics (floor area, housing type, and heating fuel); street; meter read route; billing cycle. Also, customers were interviewed to see what forms of comparison graphs made most sense and led to fewest errors of interpretation. We find that good quality comparison groups result from using street name, meter book, or multiple house characteristics. Other criteria we tested, such as entire cycle, entire meter book, or single house characteristics such as floor area, resulted in poor quality comparison groups. This analysis provides a basis for choosing comparison groups based on extensive user testing and statistical analysis. The result is a practical set of guidelines that can be used to implement realistic, inexpensive innovative billing for the entire customer base of an electric or gas utility. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Delaware, Coll Marine Studies, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Delaware, Ctr Energy & Environm Policy, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Kempton, W (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Coll Marine Studies, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM willett@udel.edu RI Kempton, Willett/H-5176-2012 OI Kempton, Willett/0000-0002-7284-8954 NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7788 J9 ENERG BUILDINGS JI Energy Build. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 38 IS 8 BP 988 EP 996 DI 10.1016/j.enbuild.2005.11.009 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 054BQ UT WOS:000238351000008 ER PT J AU Soong, Y Fauth, DL Howard, BH Jones, JR Harrison, DK Goodman, AL Gray, ML Frommell, EA AF Soong, Y Fauth, DL Howard, BH Jones, JR Harrison, DK Goodman, AL Gray, ML Frommell, EA TI CO2 sequestration with brine solution and fly ashes SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; sequestration; fly ash; brine ID CALCIUM-CARBONATE; PRECIPITATION; KINETICS; GASES AB A conceptual multi-step process demonstrates the feasibility of CO2 sequestration in an integrated operation utilizing by products primarily obtained from fossil fuel combustion (fly ash) and oil and gas production (brine). This process includes a carbonation reaction utilizing a brine solution and CO2 as reactants under mild reaction conditions. CaO rich fly ashes are added to increase the pH level of the reactant brine, maximizing the reaction efficiency of the carbonation reaction. Furthermore, these materials can also provide a source of Ca in addition to the Ca present in the brine for carbonation. The calcium from fly ashes and brine both contribute to the formation of calcium carbonate during the carbonation reaction. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Soong, Y (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940,626 Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM yee.soong@netl.doe.gov NR 17 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 47 IS 13-14 BP 1676 EP 1685 DI 10.1016/j.enconman.2005.10.021 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 038JG UT WOS:000237215200002 ER PT J AU Friedmann, SJ Dooley, JJ Held, H Edenhofer, O AF Friedmann, SJ Dooley, JJ Held, H Edenhofer, O TI The low cost of geological assessment for underground CO2 storage: Policy and economic implications SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; fossil fuel; energy policy; zero emissions power ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; SEQUESTRATION; HYDROGEN; DISPOSAL; INSIGHTS; AQUIFERS; CAPTURE AB The costs for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage (CCS) in geologic formations is estimated to be $6-75/t CO2. In the absence of a mandate to reduce greenhouse gas emissions or some other significant incentive for CCS deployment, this cost effectively limits CCS technology deployment to small niche markets and stymies the potential for further technological development through learning by doing until these disincentives for the free venting Of CO2 are in place. By far, the largest current fraction of these costs is capture (including compression and dehydration), commonly estimated at $25-60/t CO2 for power plant applications, followed by CO2 transport and storage, estimated at $0-15/t CO2. Of the storage costs, only a small fraction of the cost will go to accurate geological characterization. These one time costs are probably on the order of $0.1/t CO2 or less as these costs are spread out over the many millions of tons likely to be injected into a field over many decades. Geologic assessments include information central to capacity prediction, risk estimation for the target intervals and development facilities engineering. Since assessment costs are roughly two orders of magnitude smaller than capture costs, and assessment products carry other tangible societal benefits, such as improved accuracy in fossil fuel and ground water reserves estimates, government or joint private-public funding of major assessment initiatives should underpin early policy choices regarding CO2 storage deployment and should serve as a point of entry for policy makers and regulators. Early assessment is also likely to improve the knowledge base upon which the first commercial CCS deployments will rest. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany. RP Friedmann, SJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, 7000 East St, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM friedmann2@llnl.gov RI Edenhofer, Ottmar/E-1886-2013; OI Edenhofer, Ottmar/0000-0001-6029-5208; Dooley, James/0000-0002-2824-4344 NR 32 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 47 IS 13-14 BP 1894 EP 1901 DI 10.1016/j.enconman.2005.09.006 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 038JG UT WOS:000237215200021 ER PT J AU Saripalli, P Amonette, J Rutz, F Gupta, N AF Saripalli, P Amonette, J Rutz, F Gupta, N TI Design of sensor networks for long term monitoring of geological sequestration SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; monitoring; sensors; tracers; CO2; network ID PHOTOACOUSTIC-SPECTROSCOPY AB Analysis of geologic sequestration on a wide scale with the aid of integrated assessment models showed earlier that overall leakage rates from the storage sites must be less than 0.1% of stored volume per year if the strategy is to be effective for long term control of atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Early detection and characterization of a nascent leak significantly increases the probability that a timely solution can be found. Because potential leakage pathways are not necessarily known a priori, monitoring must be done across a region as large as 100 km(2) in the vicinity of a CO2 injection well, which represents the area of review of the supercritical CO2 bubble under typical injection scenarios. The relatively high background levels of CO2 present in the atmosphere and soil, coupled with their seasonal and diurnal modulation, make immediate detection of a small CO2 leak difficult. Co-injection of tracers during sequestration eliminates the ambiguity and delay in positive identification of a leak. We report here on the design of sensor networks, as a part of the development of a prototypical, field deployable sensor/tracer technology for monitoring the rate of leakage of geologically sequestered CO2. The primary focus is on conservative tracer technology for immediate leak detection. In so doing, we are laying a foundation from which reactive tracer technology for pathway characterization can be developed. A semi-analytical model developed earlier for modeling the injection, fate and transport of sequestered CO2 was adapted for sensor network design. The design simulations are developed to answer several key questions about the sensor network layout. Simulation results indicate that the key parameters governing the monitoring network design are the sensor node spacing (S), sampling density D (no. of sensors/km(2)). minimum detection limit of sensor (L), injected tracer concentration (C-o) and dispersed tracer concentration (C-t) in the environment. Environmental dispersal modeling shows that C-t is a strong function of environmental conditions such as wind velocity. Analysis of the trade-offs indicates that a low detection limit allows effective monitoring with a minimal sensor sampling density and low tracer C-o. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Saripalli, P (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 1318 Sigma 5, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM prasad.saripalli@pnl.gov NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 47 IS 13-14 BP 1968 EP 1974 DI 10.1016/j.enconman.2005.09.010 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 038JG UT WOS:000237215200027 ER PT J AU Murtishaw, S Sathaye, J LeFranc, M AF Murtishaw, S Sathaye, J LeFranc, M TI Spatial boundaries and temporal periods for setting greenhouse gas performance standards SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE multiproject baselines; GHG mitigation project; climate change AB Many methods have been devised for setting baselines for greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation projects. Of these, multiproject baseline methods have emerged that yield baseline emissions rates (or performance standards), which can be used for any number of projects in the corresponding sector and region. These methods frequently rely on deriving the performance standards from the outputs and associated emissions of recently completed facilities within an appropriate reference region. However, no standard or systematic method has been accepted for determining the appropriate spatial boundary and year of construction (or implementation) for facilities to be included in the reference set. This study examines the question of how GHG crediting programs may begin to methodically address these two parameters. We use examples from power sector and land-use change and forestry projects to illustrate Our approach, but the analysis is applicable to a wide variety of GHG mitigation projects. We find that performance standards can generally be grouped into five spatial categories: global, national (or other administrative region), infrastructural, biophysical, and generic. As for temporal periods, multiyear averages produce more consistent performance standards that are often more representative of the mix of resources or technologies that can be used for a given activity than a standard based on only 1 year. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20001 USA. RP Murtishaw, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Anal Dept, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Bld 90 R4000, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sgmurtishaw@lbl.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD AUG PY 2006 VL 34 IS 12 BP 1378 EP 1388 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2004.10.020 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 031GE UT WOS:000236691800007 ER PT J AU de Bruijn, FJ Rossbach, S Bruand, C Parrish, JR AF de Bruijn, Frans J. Rossbach, Silvia Bruand, Claude Parrish, Jodi R. TI A highly conserved Sinorhizobium meliloti operon is induced microaerobically via the FixLJ system and by nitric oxide (NO) via NnrR SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRASILENSE TN5 MUTANT; RHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; GENE-EXPRESSION; NITROUS-OXIDE; BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; PSYM MEGAPLASMID; PLANT-PATHOGENS; DENITRIFICATION; BRUCELLA; SEQUENCE AB A previously generated collection of 11 Tn5-luxAB insertion mutants of Sinorhizobium meliloti harbouring lux reporter gene fusions induced under microaerobic (1% O-2) conditions was further characterized and mapped on the sequenced S. meliloti genome. One highly induced gene fusion from this collection (loe-7) was found to be located in the intergenic region between sma1292, encoding a putative protease/collagenase, and a gene of unknown function (sma1294). The loe-7 fusion had been shown previously to be partially controlled by the oxygen sensor/regulator FixLJ system, but significant (similar to 40%) Lux activity remained in a fixLJ mutant background. Therefore, a secondary Tn1721 mutagenesis of the loe-7 strain was carried out. Nine Tn1721 ('dark') insertions completely abolishing the Lux activity of the loe-7 fusion under microaerobic conditions were isolated. Surprisingly, five dark insertions mapped in denitrification genes [napA, napC, nirK - two insertions - and sma1245 encoding a NnrR-like transcriptional regulator controlling denitrification in response to nitric oxide (NO)]; Tn1721 insertions in the respiration genes fixG and fixP resulted in a reduced expression of the loe-7-lux fusion, and insertions in the regulatory genes fixJ and fixK1 resulted in low, but still detectable Lux activity. On the contrary, insertions in the norD or norQ genes resulted in constitutive Lux activity. In these mutant strains, NO would be expected to accumulate under microaerobic conditions. NO was found to be able to strongly induce the loe-7-luxAB fusion under microaerobic and aerobic conditions, but only in the presence of the functional nnrR-like gene (sma1245). These results suggest that NO, via the NnrR regulator, can serve as a signal molecule to induce the loe-7-luxAB fusion in concert with the FixLJ system. C1 INRA 441, LIPM, CNRS, UMR 2594, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. Michigan State Univ, DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, NSF Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Genet Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Western Michigan Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kalamazoo, MI 49998 USA. RP de Bruijn, FJ (reprint author), INRA 441, LIPM, CNRS, UMR 2594, BP 52627, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. EM debruijn@toulouse.inra.fr FU NIGMS NIH HHS [5-F32-GM19412-03] NR 49 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 8 IS 8 BP 1371 EP 1381 DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01030.x PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 061PS UT WOS:000238885300007 PM 16872401 ER PT J AU Chou, CJ AF Chou, Charissa J. TI Assessing spatial, temporal, and analytical variation of groundwater chemistry in a large nuclear complex, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE ANOVA; bias; mixed; nested; random effects model; two-way crossed; unbiased estimate; variance components AB Statistical analyses were applied at the Hanford Site, USA, to assess groundwater contamination problems that included (1) determining local backgrounds to ascertain whether a facility is affecting the groundwater quality and (2) determining a 'pre-Hanford' groundwater background to allow formulation of background-based cleanup standards. The primary purpose of this paper is to extend the random effects models for (1) assessing the spatial, temporal, and analytical variability of groundwater background measurements; (2) demonstrating that the usual variance estimate s(2), which ignores the variance components, is a biased estimator; (3) providing formulas for calculating the amount of bias; and (4) recommending monitoring strategies to reduce the uncertainty in estimating the average background concentrations. A case study is provided. Results indicate that (1) without considering spatial and temporal variability, there is a high probability of false positives, resulting in unnecessary remediation and/or monitoring expenses; (2) the most effective way to reduce the uncertainty in estimating the average background, and enhance the power of the statistical tests in general, is to increase the number of background wells; and (3) background for a specific constituent should be considered as a statistical distribution, not as a single value or threshold. The methods and the related analysis of variance tables discussed in this paper can be used as diagnostic tools in documenting the extent of inherent spatial and/or temporal variation and to help select an appropriate statistical method for testing purposes. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chou, CJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K6-75, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM charissa.chou@pnl.gov NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 119 IS 1-3 BP 571 EP 598 DI 10.1007/s10661-005-9044-1 PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 093LX UT WOS:000241170900033 PM 16758293 ER PT J AU Bell, B Spotila, JR Congdon, J AF Bell, B Spotila, JR Congdon, J TI High incidence of deformity in aquatic turtles in the John Heinz National Wildlife Refuge SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE deformity; development; Chelydra serpentina; Chrysemys picta; wildlife refuge; PAHs ID ST-LAWRENCE-RIVER; CHELYDRA-SERPENTINA-SERPENTINA; FRESH-WATER TURTLES; GREAT-LAKES BASIN; SNAPPING TURTLES; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION; EGGS; ONTARIO; CANADA; MONITORS AB The John Heinz National Wildlife Refuge is subject to pollution from multiple sources. We studied development of snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) and painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) embryos from the refuge from 2000 through 2003. Mean annual deformity rate of pooled painted turtle clutches over four years ranged from 45 to 71%, while that of snapping turtle clutches ranged from 13 to 19%. Lethal deformities were more common than minor or moderate deformities in embryos of both species. Adult painted turtles had a higher deformity rate than adult snapping turtles. Snapping turtles at JHNWR had high levels of PAH contamination in their fat. This suggests that PAHs are involved in the high level of deformities. Other contaminants may also play a role. Although the refuge offers many advantages to resident turtle populations, pollution appears to place a developmental burden on the life history of these turtles. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Drexel Univ, Dept Biosci & Biotechnol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP Bell, B (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Biosci & Biotechnol, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM bab22@drexel.edu NR 40 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 142 IS 3 BP 457 EP 465 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.10.020 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 049GO UT WOS:000238004400009 PM 16360253 ER PT J AU Graydon, JA St Louis, VL Lindberg, SE Hintelmann, H Krabbenhoft, DP AF Graydon, Jennifer A. St. Louis, Vincent L. Lindberg, Steve E. Hintelmann, Holger Krabbenhoft, David P. TI Investigation of mercury exchange between forest canopy vegetation and the atmosphere using a new dynamic chamber SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOLIAR EXCHANGE; GAS-EXCHANGE; DEPOSITION; EMISSION; SOIL; VAPOR; FLUX; THROUGHFALL; CATCHMENTS; NEVADA AB This paper presents the design of a dynamic chamber system that allows full transmission of PAR and UV radiation and permits enclosed intact foliage to maintain normal physiological function while Hg(0) flux rates are quantified in the field. Black spruce and jack pine foliage both emitted and absorbed Hg(0), exhibiting compensation points near atmospheric Hg(0) concentrations of similar to 2-3 ng m(-3). Using enriched stable Hg isotope spikes, patterns of spike Hg(II) retention on foliage were investigated. Hg(0) evasion rates from foliage were simultaneously measured using the chamber to determine if the decline of foliar spike Hg(II) concentrations over time could be explained by the photoreduction and re-emission of spike Hg to the atmosphere. This mass balance approach suggested that spike Hg(0) fluxes alone could not account for the measured decrease in spike Hg(II) on foliage following application, implying that either the chamber underestimates the true photoreduction of Hg(II) to Hg( 0) on foliage, or other mechanisms of Hg(II) loss from foliage, such as cuticle weathering, are in effect. The radiation spectrum responsible for the photoreduction of newly deposited Hg(II) on foliage was also investigated. Our spike experiments suggest that some of the Hg(II) in wet deposition retained by the forest canopy may be rapidly photoreduced to Hg(0) and re-emitted back to the atmosphere, while another portion may be retained by foliage at the end of the growing season, with some being deposited in litterfall. This finding has implications for the estimation of Hg dry deposition based on throughfall and litterfall fluxes. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Trent Univ, Dept Chem, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. US Geol Survey, WRD, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Graydon, JA (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. EM jgraydon@ualberta.ca RI St. Louis, Vincent/G-6842-2011; St. Louis, Vincent/A-3757-2014; Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011; Graydon, Jennifer/G-6853-2011; OI Hintelmann, Holger/0000-0002-5287-483X NR 35 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 15 BP 4680 EP 4688 DI 10.1021/es0604616 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 069HS UT WOS:000239437600031 PM 16913124 ER PT J AU Dong, WM Brooks, SC AF Dong, Wenming Brooks, Scott C. TI Determination of the formation constants of ternary complexes of uranyl and carbonate with alkaline earth metals (Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+) using anion exchange method SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID URANIUM(VI) ADSORPTION; STABILITY-CONSTANTS; U(VI); SORPTION; CALCIUM; WATERS; MODEL; SEDIMENTS; CS-137; SR-90 AB The formation constants of ternary complexes (MUO2(CO3)(3)(2-) and M2UO2(CO3)(3)(0)) of uranyl and carbonate with alkaline earth metals (M2+ denotes Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+) were determined with an anion exchange method by varying the metal concentrations (0.1-5 mmol/L) at pH 8.1 and a constant ionic strength (0.1 mol/L NaNO3) under equilibrium with atmospheric CO2. The results indicate that the complexes of MUO2(CO3)(3)(2-) and M2UO2(CO3)(3) are simultaneously formed for Ca2+ and Ba2+, while Mg2+ and Sr2+ form only the MUO2(CO3)(3)(2-) complex under our experimental conditions. The cumulative stability constants for the MUO2(CO3)(3)(2-) complex obtained at I = 0 are as follows: log beta(113) = 26.11 +/- 0.04, 27.18 +/- 0.06, 26.86 +/- 0.04, and 26.68 +/- 0.04 for Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+, respectively. For M2UO2(CO3)(3)(0), the value of log beta(213) at I = 0 was measured to be 30.70 +/- 0.05 and 29.75 +/- 0.07 for Ca2+ and Ba2+, respectively. Based on the formation constants obtained in this study, speciation calculations indicate that at low Ca2+ concentration (e.g., < 2.2 mmol/ L), CaUO2(CO3)(3)(2-) is more important than Ca2UO2(CO3)(3) and that the Ca2UO2(CO3)(3) distribution increased with increasing Ca2+ concentration. Uranium sorption onto anion- exchange resins is inhibited by the formation of the neutral Ca2UO2(CO3)(3)(0) species. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Brooks, SC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,MS 6038, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM brookssc@ornl.gov RI Brooks, Scott/B-9439-2012; Dong, Wenming/G-3221-2015 OI Brooks, Scott/0000-0002-8437-9788; Dong, Wenming/0000-0003-2074-8887 NR 34 TC 170 Z9 172 U1 7 U2 54 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 15 BP 4689 EP 4695 DI 10.1021/es0606327 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 069HS UT WOS:000239437600032 PM 16913125 ER PT J AU Ozaki, T Kimura, T Ohnuki, T Kirishima, A Yoshida, T Isobe, H Francis, AJ AF Ozaki, Takuo Kimura, Takaumi Ohnuki, Toshihiko Kirishima, Akira Yoshida, Takahiro Isobe, Hiroshi Francis, Arokiasamy J. TI Association of Europium(III), Americium(III), and Curium(III) with cellulose, chitin, and chitosan SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE trivalent f-element; biopolymer; coordination environment; adsorption; desorption ID INDUCED FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; ADSORPTION CAPACITY; METAL-COMPLEXES; HUMIC-ACID; SORPTION; IONS; CADMIUM; LEAD; RADIONUCLIDES AB The association of trivalent f-elements-Eu(III), Am(III), and Cm(III)-with cellulose, chitin, and chitosan was determined by batch experiments and time-resolved, laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS). The properties of these biopolymers as an adsorbent were characterized based on speciation calculation of Eu(III). The adsorption study showed that an increase of the ionic strength by NaCl did not affect the adsorption kinetics of Eu(III), Am(III), and Cm(III) for all the biopolymers, but the addition of Na2CO3 significantly delayed the kinetics because of their trivalent f-element complexation with carbonate ions. It also was suggested from the speciation calculation study that all the biopolymers were degraded under alkaline conditions, leading to their masking of the adsorption of Eu(III), Am(III), and Cm(III) on the nondegraded biopolymers. The masking effect was higher for cellulose than for chitin and chitosan, indicating that of the three, cellulose was degraded most significantly in alkaline solutions. Desorption experiments suggested that some portion of the adsorbed Eu(III) penetrated deep into the matrix, being isolated in a cavity-like site. The TRLFS study showed that the coordination environment of Eu(III) is stabilized mainly by the inner spherical coordination in chitin and by the outer spherical coordination in chitosan, with less association in cellulose in comparison to chitin and chitosan. These results suggest that the association of these biopolymers with Eu(III), Am(III), and Cm(III) is governed not only by the affinity of the functional groups alone but also by other factors, such as the macromolecular steric effect. The association of degraded materials of the biopolymers also should be taken into consideration for an accurate prediction of the influence of biopolymers on the migration behavior of trivalent f-elements. C1 Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Nucl Sci & Engn Directorate, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Kumamoto Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Earth Sci, Kumamoto 8608555, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ozaki, T (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. EM ozaki.takuo@jaea.go.jp NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 26 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 25 IS 8 BP 2051 EP 2058 DI 10.1897/05-648.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 084AX UT WOS:000240505000012 PM 16916024 ER PT J AU Sibirtsev, A Hammer, HW Meissner, UG Thomas, AW AF Sibirtsev, A. Hammer, H. -W. Meissner, U. -G. Thomas, A. W. TI phi-meson photoproduction from nuclei SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID SUBTHRESHOLD K+-PRODUCTION; LINEARLY POLARIZED PHOTONS; CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; PROTON-PROTON COLLISIONS; PSI-DEGREES MESONS; HIDDEN STRANGENESS; CROSS-SECTIONS; VECTOR-MESONS; DIFFRACTIVE PRODUCTION; EXOTIC BARYONS AB We study coherent and incoherent phi-meson photoproduction from nuclei. The available data are analyzed in terms of single- and coupled-channel photoproduction. It is found that the data on coherent photoproduction can be well reproduced within a single-channel optical model and show only little room for omega-phi mixing. These data indicate a normal distortion of the phi-meson in nuclei, which is compatible with the results obtained through the vector meson dominance model. The data on incoherent phi-meson photoproduction show an anomalous A-dependence resulting in a very strong phi-meson distortion. These data can be explained by a coupled-channel effect through the dominant contribution from the omega -> phi or the pi -> phi transition or, more speculative, through the excitation of a cryptoexotic B (phi)-baryon. C1 Univ Bonn, Helmholtz Inst Strahlen & Kernphys Theorie, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys Theorie, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Sibirtsev, A (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Helmholtz Inst Strahlen & Kernphys Theorie, Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. EM a.sibirtsev@fz-juelich.de RI Thomas, Anthony/G-4194-2012 OI Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X NR 92 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 EI 1434-601X J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD AUG PY 2006 VL 29 IS 2 BP 209 EP 220 DI 10.1140/epja/i2006-10070-4 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 084MQ UT WOS:000240537500010 ER PT J AU Binetruy, P Birkedal-Hansen, A Mambrini, Y Nelson, BD AF Binetruy, P. Birkedal-Hansen, A. Mambrini, Y. Nelson, B. D. TI Phenomenological aspects of heterotic orbifold models at one loop SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Review ID MEDIATED SUSY-BREAKING; MUON MAGNETIC-MOMENT; SUPERSYMMETRIC STANDARD MODEL; COUPLED STRING THEORY; E(+)E(-) ANNIHILATION; GAUGINO CONDENSATION; DARK-MATTER; ELECTROWEAK SYMMETRY; DECAY B->S-GAMMA; UPDATED ESTIMATE AB We provide a detailed study of the phenomenology of orbifold compactifications of the heterotic string within the context of supergravity effective theories. Our investigation focuses on those models where the soft Lagrangian is dominated by loop contributions to the various soft supersymmetry breaking parameters. Such models typically predict non-universal soft masses and are thus significantly different from minimal supergravity and other universal models. We consider the pattern of masses that are governed by these soft terms and investigate the implications of certain indirect constraints on supersymmetric models, such as flavor-changing neutral currents, the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon and the density of thermal relic neutralinos. We also comment on the possible discovery of these models at the LHC. These string-motivated models show a novel behavior that interpolates between the phenomenology of unified supergravity models and models dominated by the superconformal anomaly. C1 Univ Paris 11, Phys Theor Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Michigan, Michigan Ctr Theoret Phys, Randall Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Binetruy, P (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, Phys Theor Lab, Bat 425, F-91405 Orsay, France. EM bnelson@sage.hep.upenn.edu NR 109 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD AUG PY 2006 VL 47 IS 2 BP 481 EP 505 DI 10.1140/epjc/s2006-02541-7 PG 25 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 098YN UT WOS:000241559800018 ER PT J AU Reichhardt, C Reichhardt, CJO AF Reichhardt, C. Reichhardt, C. J. Olson TI Statics and dynamics of two-dimensional vortex liquid crystals SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 2 DIMENSIONS; SYSTEMS; VORTICES; PHASES; FILMS; ORDER AB With numerical simulations we examine static and dynamic properties of two-dimensional vortices with anisotropic interactions. We find evidence for a smectic-A phase in the absence of pinning. Quenched disorder can induce a smectic-type state even at T = 0. When an external drive is applied, a variety of novel anisotropic dynamical flow states with distinct voltage signatures occur, including elastic depinning in the hard direction and plastic depinning in the easy direction. We compare our work to recent experiments on two-dimensional colloids with anisotropic interactions. We also discuss the implications of the anisotropic transport for other systems which exhibit depinning phenomena, such as stripes and electron liquid crystals. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reichhardt, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Reichhardt, Cynthia/0000-0002-3487-5089 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 75 IS 3 BP 489 EP 495 DI 10.1209/epl/i2005-10602-4 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 065GJ UT WOS:000239147400020 ER PT J AU DeWald, AT Hill, MR AF DeWald, A. T. Hill, M. R. TI Multi-axial contour method for mapping residual stresses in continuously processed bodies SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE multi-axial contour method; residual stress measurement; eigenstrain; laser peening ID DIFFRACTION AB This paper describes a method for extending the capability of the contour method to allow for the measurement of spatially varying multi-axial residual stresses in prismatic, continuously processed bodies. Currently, the contour method is used to determine a 2D map of the residual stress normal to a plane. This work uses an approach similar to the contour method to quantify multiple components of eigenstrain in continuously processed bodies, which are used to calculate residual stress. The result of the measurement is an estimate of the full residual stress tensor at every point in the body. The approach is first outlined for a 2D body and the accuracy of the methodology is demonstrated for a representative case using a numerical experiment. Next, an extension to the 3D case is given and the accuracy is demonstrated for representative cases using numerical experiments. Finally, measurements are performed on a thin sheet of Ti-6Al-4V with a band of laser peening down the center (assumed to be 2D) and a thick laser peened plate of 316L stainless steel to show that the approach is valid under real experimental conditions. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP DeWald, AT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM atdewald@ucdavis.edu RI Hill, Michael/A-2525-2016 OI Hill, Michael/0000-0002-9168-211X NR 14 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4851 EI 1741-2765 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 473 EP 490 DI 10.1007/s11340-006-8446-5 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 060BI UT WOS:000238775800006 ER PT J AU Wang, YC Hoechbauer, T Swadener, JG Misra, A Hoagland, G Nastasi, M AF Wang, Y. -C. Hoechbauer, T. Swadener, J. G. Misra, A. Hoagland, G. Nastasi, M. TI Mechanical fatigue measurement via a vibrating cantilever beam for self-supported thin solid films SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE fatigue; thin solid films; cantilever; Duffing oscillator ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SILICON; MOTION; DERIVATION; EQUATIONS; BEHAVIOR AB In this paper, we develop a novel experimental apparatus, referred to as the resonant frequency device, and establish methodology to measure the fatigue properties of thin solid films. Arranging thin-film strips of our specimens into the mechanical setting of a cantilever beam and using state-of-the-art piezo actuators to generate oscillation at the clamp of the cantilever, we create a system suitable for studying the material properties of the cantilever, such as Young's modulus, fatigue and possibly, loss tangent. Deformation of the cantilever is our controlled variable in the present study, and measured with fiber-optic probes pointed at the specimen and at the piezo driver. Stress is calculated from relative deformation of the cantilever specimen with respect to the piezo actuator via a photograph of the cantilever under vibration with a curve fitting method. A LabView computer program is developed for the fatigue tests to accurately count number of cycles applied on the specimens, and a feedback mechanism is adopted to maintain displacement during the tests. Here, we present our experimental setup, procedure and theoretical models for material-property extraction. For small displacement, the two-dimensional Euler-Bernoulli beam theory is adopted. With large displacement, the system behaves as the Duffing oscillator due to geometrical nonlinearity. In addition, some experimental observations of the piezo actuators and fiber optics are reported. The method is applied to evaluate the fatigue properties of nanolayered copper-niobium composites and significant increase in the fatigue endurance limit compared to the constituent materials in the bulk form is noted. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wang, YC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM yunche@lanl.gov; swaden@lanl.gov; amisra@lanl.gov; hoagland@lanl.gov; nasty@lanl.gov RI Wang, Yunche/A-4869-2010; Hoagland, Richard/G-9821-2012; Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012 NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4851 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 503 EP 517 DI 10.1007/s11340-006-7556-4 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 060BI UT WOS:000238775800008 ER PT J AU Rodrigues, DF Goris, J Vishnivetskaya, T Gilichinsky, D Thomashow, MF Tiedje, JM AF Rodrigues, Debora Frigi Goris, Johan Vishnivetskaya, Tatiana Gilichinsky, David Thomashow, Michael F. Tiedje, James M. TI Characterization of Exiguobacterium isolates from the Siberian permafrost. Description of Exiguobacterium sibiricum sp nov SO EXTREMOPHILES LA English DT Article DE Exiguobacterium; Exiguobacterium sibiricum sp nov; polyphasic taxonomy; Siberian permafrost ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; DNA HYBRIDIZATION; GEN-NOV; GYRB; BACTERIA; STRAINS; PCR AB Three Gram-positive bacterial strains, 7-3, 255-15 and 190-11, previously isolated from Siberian permafrost, were characterized and taxonomically classified. These microorganisms are rod-shaped, facultative aerobic, motile with peritrichous flagella and their growth ranges are from -2.5 to 40 degrees C. The chemotaxonomic markers indicated that the three strains belong to the genus Exiguobacterium. Their peptidoglycan type was A3 alpha L-Lys-Gly. The predominant menaquinone detected in all three strains was MK7. The polar lipids present were phosphatidyl-glycerol, diphosphatidyl-glycerol and phosphatidyl-ethanolamine. The major fatty acids were iso-C13:0, anteiso-C13:0, iso-C15:0, C16:0 and iso-C17:0. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA and six diverse genes, gyrB (gyrase subunit B), rpoB (DNA-directed RNA polymerase beta subunit), recA (homologous recombination), csp (cold shock protein), hsp70 (ClassI-heat shock protein-chaperonin) and citC (isocitrate dehydrogenase), indicated that the strains were closely related to Exiguobacterium undae (DSM 14481(T)p) and Exiguobacterium antarcticum (DSM 14480(T)). On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic data and DNA-DNA reassociation data, strain 190-11 was classified as E. undae, while the other two isolates, 7-3 and 255-15, comprise a novel species, for which the name Exiguobacterium sibiricum sp. nov. is proposed. C1 Michigan State Univ, NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Physicochem & Biol Problems, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia. Michigan State Univ, NASA, Astrobiol Inst, DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Rodrigues, DF (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Ctr Microbial Ecol, 540 Plant & Soil Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM rodri257@msu.edu RI Rodrigues, Debora/H-4375-2012; Vishnivetskaya, Tatiana/A-4488-2008; OI Vishnivetskaya, Tatiana/0000-0002-0660-023X; Rodrigues, Debora/0000-0002-3124-1443 NR 42 TC 50 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 1431-0651 J9 EXTREMOPHILES JI Extremophiles PD AUG PY 2006 VL 10 IS 4 BP 285 EP 294 DI 10.1007/s00792-005-0497-5 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 078RB UT WOS:000240119900004 PM 16489412 ER PT J AU Zhao, WD Weber, C Zhang, CL Romanek, CS King, GM Mills, G Sokolova, T Wiegel, J AF Zhao, Weidong Weber, Carolyn Zhang, Chuanlun L. Romanek, Christopher S. King, Gary M. Mills, Gary Sokolova, Tatyana Wiegel, Juergen TI Thermalkalibacillus uzonensis gen. nov sp nov, a novel aerobic alkali-tolerant thermophilic bacterium isolated from a hot spring in Uzon Caldera, Kamchatka SO EXTREMOPHILES LA English DT Article DE Bacillales; Bacillaceae; thermophilic; alkaliphilic; carbon monoxide-tolerant; fatty acids; Firmicutes ID SP STRAIN TA2.A1; CARBON-MONOXIDE; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; BACILLUS; ACID; THERMOAEROPHILUS; DIVERSITY; SOIL; CO AB A novel thermophilic, alkali-tolerant, and CO-tolerant strain JW/WZ-YB58(T) was isolated from green mat samples obtained from the Zarvarzin II hot spring in the Uzon Caldera, Kamchatka (Far East Russia). Cells were Gram-type and Gram stain-positive, strictly aerobic, 0.7-0.8 mu m in width and 5.5-12 mu m in length and produced terminal spherical spores of 1.2-1.6 mu m in diameter with the mother cell swelling around 2 mu m in diameter (drumstick-type morphology). Cells grew optimally at pH(25 degrees C) 8.2-8.4 and temperature 50-52 degrees C and tolerated maximally 6% (w/v) NaCl. They were strict heterotrophs and could not use either CO or CO2 (both with or without H-2) as sole carbon source, but tolerated up to 90% (v/v) CO in the headspace. The isolate grew on various complex substrates such as yeast extract, on carbohydrates, and organic acids, which included starch, D-galactose, D-mannose, glutamate, fumarate and acetate. Catalase reaction was negative. The membrane polar lipids were dominated by branched saturated fatty acids, which included iso-15:0 (24.5%), anteiso-15:0 (18.3%), iso-16:0 (9.9%), iso-17:0 (17.5%) and anteiso-17:0 (9.7%) as major constituents. The DNA G+C content of the strain is 45 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain JW/WZ-YB58(T) is distantly (< 93% similarity) related to members of Bacillaceae. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, physiological and phenotypic characteristics, the isolate JW/WZ-YB58(T) (ATCC BAA-1258; DSM 17740) is proposed to be the type strain for the type species of the new taxa within the family Bacillaceae, Thermalkalibacillus uzoniensis gen. nov. sp. nov. The Genbank accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence is DQ221694. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Microbiol, Moscow 117312, Russia. Univ Georgia, Dept Geol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Wiegel, J (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, 211-212C Biol Sci Bldg,1000 Cedar St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jwiegel@uga.edu OI Wiegel, Juergen/0000-0002-6343-6464 NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 1431-0651 J9 EXTREMOPHILES JI Extremophiles PD AUG PY 2006 VL 10 IS 4 BP 337 EP 345 DI 10.1007/s00792-006-0511-6 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 078RB UT WOS:000240119900010 PM 16565784 ER PT J AU Yan, TF Zhou, JZ Zhang, CLL AF Yan, Tingfen Zhou, Jizhong Zhang, Chuanlun L. TI Diversity of functional genes for methanotrophs in sediments associated with gas hydrates and hydrocarbon seeps in the Gulf of Mexico SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE methantrophs; pmoA; methane oxidation; gas hydrates; Gulf of Mexico ID ANAEROBIC METHANE OXIDATION; CHEMOSYNTHETIC COMMUNITIES; MARINE METHANOTROPHS; MOLECULAR DIVERSITY; OXIDIZING BACTERIA; SULFATE REDUCTION; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE; LIPID BIOMARKERS; FATTY-ACIDS AB Methanotrophs are ubiquitous in soil, fresh water and the open ocean, but have not been well characterized in deep-sea hydrocarbon seeps and gas hydrates, where methane is unusually abundant. Here we report the presence of new functional genes for the aerobic oxidation of methane by methanotrophs in marine sediments associated with gas hydrates and hydrocarbon seeps in the Gulf of Mexico. Samples were collected from two hydrate locations (GC185 and GC234): one hydrocarbon-seep location at a brine pool (GC233) and one background-marine location about 1.2 miles north of the brine pool (NBP). Community DNA was extracted from each location to establish clone libraries for the pmoA functional gene using a PCR-based cloning approach. Three hundred and ninety clones were screened by sequencing and 46 operational taxonomic units were obtained. Eight operational taxonomic units were present in every sample; one of them was predominant and accounted for 22.8-25.3% of each clone library. Principal-component analysis indicated that samples GC185 and GC234 were closely related and, along with GC233, were significantly different from NBP. These results indicate that methanotrophic communities may be similarly impacted by hydrocarbons at the gas-hydrate and seep sites, and can be distinguished from methanotrophic communities in the normal marine sediment. Furthermore, cluster analysis showed that 84.8% of operational taxonomic units from all samples formed distinct clusters, which could not be grouped with any published pmoA sequences, indicating that a considerable number of novel methanotrophic species may exist in the Gulf of Mexico. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29082 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Zhang, CL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Bldg 737A, Aiken, SC 29082 USA. EM zhang@srel.edu NR 54 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0168-6496 EI 1574-6941 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 57 IS 2 BP 251 EP 259 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00122.x PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 061QD UT WOS:000238886400008 PM 16867143 ER PT J AU Rochman, D Herman, M Oblozinsky, P AF Rochman, D. Herman, M. Oblozinsky, P. TI New evaluation of V-51(n, np+pn) and V-51(n, t) cross sections for the ENDF/B-VII library SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE vanadium 51; hydrogen gas production; evaluated cross sections; ENDF/B-VII AB The cross sections for hydrogen production via the (n, up + pn) and (n, t) channels for vanadium 51 have been re-evaluated with the reaction code EMPIRE 2.19, following the recommendations from the fusion community. This evaluation will be included in the U.S. ENDF/B-VII library, scheduled for release in 2006. The (n, np + pn) cross-section has been reduced and the (n, t) cross-section has been increased compared to the ENDF/B-VI.8 evaluation to be in agreement with experimental data. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rochman, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM drochman@bnl.gov; herman@bnl.gov; oblozinsky@bnl.gov OI Rochman, Dimitri/0000-0002-5089-7034 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 81 IS 18 BP 2109 EP 2113 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.12.002 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 076ED UT WOS:000239938900004 ER PT J AU Uckan, NA AF Uckan, Nermin A. TI Selected papers from Fifteenth International Stellarator Workshop - (Part 1) - Madrid, Spain - October 3-7, 2005 - Comments SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Uckan, NA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 50 IS 2 BP V EP V PG 1 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 074OV UT WOS:000239822600001 ER PT J AU Weller, A Sakakibara, S Watanabe, KY Toi, K Geiger, J Zarnstorff, MC Hudson, SR Reiman, A Werner, A Nuhrenberg, C Ohdachi, S Suzuki, Y Yamada, H AF Weller, A. Sakakibara, S. Watanabe, K. Y. Toi, K. Geiger, J. Zarnstorff, M. C. Hudson, S. R. Reiman, A. Werner, A. Nuehrenberg, C. Ohdachi, S. Suzuki, Y. Yamada, H. CA W7-AS Team LHD Team TI Significance of MHD effects in stellarator confinement SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Stellarator Workshop CY OCT 03-07, 2005 CL Lab Nacl Fus, CIEMAT, Madrid, SPAIN HO Lab Nacl Fus, CIEMAT DE stellarator; confinement; magnetohydrodynamics ID LARGE-HELICAL-DEVICE; HIGH-BETA-REGIME; ALFVEN EIGENMODES; IDEAL MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; ENERGY CONFINEMENT; W7-AS STELLARATOR; DENSITY LIMIT; EQUILIBRIA; PRESSURE; PLASMAS AB Substantial progress has been achieved in raising the plasma beta in stellarators and helical systems by high-power neutral beam heating, approaching reactor-relevant values. The achievement of high-beta operation is closely linked with configuration effects on the confinement and with magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stability. The magnetic configurations of the Wendelstein 7-AS (W7-AS) stellarator and of the Large Helical Device (LHD) and their optimization for high-beta operation within the flexibility of the devices are characterized. A comparative description of the accessible operational regimes in W7-AS and LHD is given. The finite-beta effects on the flux surfaces depend on the degree of configuration optimization. In particular, a large Shafranov shift is accompanied by formation of islands and stochastic field regions as found by numerical equilibrium studies. However, the observed pressure gradients indicate some mitigation of the effects on the plasma confinement, presumably because of the high collisionality of high-beta plasmas and island healing effects (LHD). As far as operational limits by pressure-driven MHD instabilities are concerned, only weak confinement degradation effects are usually observed, even in linearly unstable regimes. The impact of the results concerning high-beta operation in W7-AS and LHD on the future stellarator program will be discussed, including the relationship to tokamak research. Some of the future key issues appear to be the following: the control of the magnetic configuration (including toroidal current control), the modification of confinement and MHD properties toward the low-collisional regime, and the compatibility of high-beta regimes with power and particle exhaust requirements to achieve steady-state operation. C1 EURATOM IPP Assoc, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany. Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki 5095292, Japan. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Weller, A (reprint author), EURATOM IPP Assoc, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany. EM arthur.weller@ipp.mpg.de RI Sakakibara, Satoru/E-7542-2013; Hudson, Stuart/H-7186-2013 OI Sakakibara, Satoru/0000-0002-3306-0531; Hudson, Stuart/0000-0003-1530-2733 NR 68 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 50 IS 2 BP 158 EP 170 PG 13 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 074OV UT WOS:000239822600006 ER PT J AU Ku, LP Garabedian, PR AF Ku, L. P. Garabedian, P. R. TI New classes of quasi-axisymmetric stellarator configurations SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Stellarator Workshop CY OCT 03-07, 2005 CL Lab Nacl Fus, CIEMAT, Madrid, SPAIN HO Lab Nacl Fus, CIEMAT DE stellarator; quasi-axisymmetry; configuration optimization ID COMPACT STELLARATORS; TOKAMAK TRANSPORT AB We have identified and developed new classes of quasi-axially symmetric configurations that have attractive properties from the standpoint of both near-term physics experiments and long-term power-producing reactors. These include configurations with very small aspect ratios (similar to 2.5) having superior quasi-symmetry and energetic particle confinement characteristics, and configurations with strongly negative global magnetic shear from the shaping fields so that the overall rotational transform, when combined with the transform from bootstrap currents at finite plasma pressures, will have a small but positive shear, making the avoidance of low-order rational surfaces at a given operating beta possible. Additionally, we have found configurations with National Compact Stellarator Experiment-like characteristics but with the biased components in the magnetic spectrum that allow us to improve the confinement of energetic particles. For each new class of configurations, we have also designed coils to ensure that the new configurations are realizable and engineering-wise feasible. The coil designs typically have the properties of R/Delta(min)(C-P)<= 6 and R/Delta(min)(C-C)<= 10, where R is the plasma major radius and Delta(min)(C-P) and Delta(min)(C-C) are the minimum coil-to-plasma and coil-to-coil separations, respectively. These coil properties allow power-producing reactors to be designed with R<9 m for deuterium-tritium plasmas with a full breeding blanket. The good quasi-axisymmetry limits the energy loss of alpha particles to below 10%. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY 10012 USA. RP Ku, LP (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM lpku@pppl.gov NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 EI 1943-7641 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 50 IS 2 BP 207 EP 215 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 074OV UT WOS:000239822600012 ER PT J AU Ware, AS Spong, DA Berry, LA Hirshman, SP Lyon, JF AF Ware, A. S. Spong, D. A. Berry, L. A. Hirshman, S. P. Lyon, J. F. TI Bootstrap current in quasi-symmetric stellarators SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Stellarator Workshop CY OCT 03-07, 2005 CL Lab Nacl Fus, CIEMAT, Madrid, SPAIN HO Lab Nacl Fus, CIEMAT DE bootstrap current; stellarators; magnetic confinement ID LARGE HELICAL DEVICE; TOROIDAL PLASMAS; TRANSPORT; PHYSICS; DESIGN; COLLISIONALITY; COEFFICIENTS; VISCOSITY AB This work examines bootstrap current in quasi-symmetric stellarators with a focus on the impact of bootstrap current on the equilibrium properties of stellarator configurations. In the design of the Quasi-Poloidal Stellarator (QPS), a code was used to predict the bootstrap current based on a calculation in an asymptotically collisionless limit. This calculation is believed to be a good approximation of the bootstrap current for low-collisionality plasmas but is expected to be higher than the actual bootstrap current for more collisional plasmas. A fluid moments approach has been developed to self-consistently calculate viscosities and neoclassical transport coefficients. The viscosities and transport coefficients can be used to calculate the bootstrap current for arbitrary collisionality and magnetic geometry. The bootstrap current calculations from the two codes were done for low-density, electron cyclotron-heated (ECH) plasmas and high-density, ion cyclotron-heated (ICH) plasmas for a range of configurations, and provide a benchmark for the moments code and a test of the range of validity of the collisionless code. In the configurations examined here, namely, QPS, the National Compact Stellarator Experiment, the Helically Symmetric Experiment, the Large Helical Device, and the Wendelstein-7X Stellarator, the bootstrap currents predicted from the two codes agree qualitatively for both ICH and ECH profiles. C1 Univ Montana, Dept Phys & Astron, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ware, AS (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Phys & Astron, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM andrew.ware@umontana.edu RI Spong, Donald/C-6887-2012 OI Spong, Donald/0000-0003-2370-1873 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 50 IS 2 BP 236 EP 244 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 074OV UT WOS:000239822600016 ER PT J AU Alonso, IA Zweben, SJ De Pablos, JL De la Cal, E Hidalgo, C Klinger, T Van Milligen, BP Pedrosa, MA Silva, C Thomsen, H AF Alonso, J. A. Zweben, S. J. De Pablos, J. L. De la Cal, E. Hidalgo, C. Klinger, T. Van Milligen, B. Ph. Pedrosa, M. A. Silva, C. Thomsen, H. TI Two-dimensional turbulence analysis using high-speed visible imaging in TJ-II edge plasmas SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Stellarator Workshop CY OCT 03-07, 2005 CL Lab Nacl Fus, CIEMAT, Madrid, SPAIN HO Lab Nacl Fus, CIEMAT DE 2-D plasma turbulence; shear layer; blob geometry ID SHEARED FLOW; STELLARATOR AB Two-dimensional edge plasma turbulence as measured by high-speed H-alpha imaging is investigated in the TJ-II stellarator. An image analysis method based on two-dimensional continuous wavelet transformation is introduced. This method detects localized coherent structures (blobs) in the images and extracts their geometrical characteristics (position, scale, orientation angle, and aspect ratio). This paper studies the impact of edge shear layers (both spontaneous and biased induced) on these geometrical aspects of blobs. Results show a reduction in the angular dispersion of k similar to 1.2 to 1.4 cm(-1) blobsas the shear layer (both spontaneous and biased induced) is established in the boundary, as well as a shift of the aspect ratio histogram toward higher values. The turbulence suppression induced by the biasing seems to be scale selective, more effectively suppressing k similar to 1.4 cm(-1), lambda similar to 4.5 cm structures than k similar to 0.7 cm(-1), lambda similar to 9. 0 cm ones. C1 CIEMAT, Asociac EURATOM, Lab Nacl Fus, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, EURATOM Assoc, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany. Univ Tecn Lisboa, Ctr Fusao Nucl, Assoc Euratom IST, Inst Super Tecn, Lisbon, Portugal. RP Alonso, IA (reprint author), CIEMAT, Asociac EURATOM, Lab Nacl Fus, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM ja.alonso@ciemat.es RI Alonso, Juan Arturo/K-9009-2014; van Milligen, Boudewijn/H-5121-2015; Hidalgo, Carlos/H-6109-2015 OI Alonso, Juan Arturo/0000-0001-6863-8578; van Milligen, Boudewijn/0000-0001-5344-6274; NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 50 IS 2 BP 301 EP 306 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 074OV UT WOS:000239822600025 ER PT J AU Lee, SK Keasling, JD AF Lee, Sung Kuk Keasling, Jay D. TI A Salmonella-based, propionate-inducible, expression system for Salmonella enterica SO GENE LA English DT Article DE expression system; inducible promoter; prpBCDE promoter; prpR; Salmonella enterica ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TYPHIMURIUM LT2; GENE-EXPRESSION; ARABAD PROMOTER; PRP LOCUS; PROTEIN; OPERON; GROWTH; 2-METHYLCITRATE; CATABOLISM AB The expression and regulatory properties of a propionate-regulated overexpression system (Salmonella enterica prpBCDE promoter (PprpB) and positive regulator (prpR)) were evaluated in wild-type S. enterica serovar Typhimurium TR6583 and pipB(-) or prpD(-) versions of this strain and compared with the arabinose-regulated T7 expression system. The wild-type strain showed low expression in the absence of propionate and high expression in the presence of propionate under all growth conditions. In 96-well plates and culture tubes, the wild-type strain exhibited a long delay before full induction; the time delay was significantly shorter in shake flasks. The prpD(-) strain exhibited low expression in the presence of glucose, highly regulatable expression over a wide range of propionate concentrations, and, in contrast to the wild-type strain, fast induction to full expression under all growth conditions. In contrast, the prpB(-) strain showed very high background expression in both culture tubes and shake flasks. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Synthet Biol, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Synthet Biol, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Synthet Biol Dept, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Keasling, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Synthet Biol, Dept Chem Engn, 717 Potter St,Bldg 977,Mail Code 3224, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM keasling@berkeley.edu RI Lee, Sung/E-6525-2010; Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012 OI Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM070763-01] NR 23 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 377 BP 6 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.gene.2006.02.013 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 072JI UT WOS:000239669300002 PM 16616438 ER PT J AU Game, JC Williamson, MS Spicakova, T Brown, JM AF Game, John C. Williamson, Marsha S. Spicakova, Tatiana Brown, J. Martin TI The RAD6/BRE1 histone modification pathway in saccharomyces confers radiation resistance through a RAD51-dependent process that is independent of RAD18 SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID RNA-POLYMERASE-II; DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; INTACT YEAST-CELLS; DNA-REPAIR PATHWAY; N-END RULE; POSTREPLICATION REPAIR; GENE-EXPRESSION; H3 METHYLATION; PAF1 COMPLEX; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ELONGATION AB We examine ionizing radiation (IR) sensitivity and epistasis relationships of several Saccharomyces mutants affecting post-translational modifications of histones H2B and H3. Mutants bre1 Delta, Ige1 Delta, and rtf1 Delta, defective in histone H2B lysine 123 ubiquitination, show IR sensitivity equivalent to that of the dot1 Delta mutant that we reported on earlier, consistent with published findings that Dot1p requires H2B K123 ubiquitination to fully methylate histone H3 K79. This implicates progressive K79 methylation rather than mono-methylation in IR resistance. The set2 Delta mutant, defective in H3 K36 methylation, shows mild IR sensitivity whereas mutants that abolish H3 K4 methylation resemble wild type. The dot1 Delta, bre1 Delta, and lge1 Delta mutants show epistasis for IR sensitivity. The paf1 Delta mutant, also reportedly defective in H2B K123 ubiquitination, confers no sensitivity. The rad6 Delta, rad51null, rad50 Delta, and rad9 Delta mutations are epistatic to bre1 Delta and dot1 Delta, but rad18 Delta and rad5 Delta show additivity with bre1 Delta, dot1 Delta, and each other. The bre1 Delta rad18 Delta double mutant resembles rad6 Delta in sensitivity; thus the role of Rad6p in ubiquitinating H2B accounts for its extra sensitivity compared to rad18 Delta. We conclude that IR resistance conferred by BRE1 and DOT1 is mediated through homologous recombinational repair, not postreplication repair, and confirm findings of a G(1) checkpoint role for the RAD6/BRE1/DOT1 pathway. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Donner Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Game, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Donner Lab, Div Life Sci, Room 326,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jcgame@lbl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [T32 CA009302, CA09302]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM5997901] NR 83 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD AUG PY 2006 VL 173 IS 4 BP 1951 EP 1968 DI 10.1534/genetics.106.057794 PG 18 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 085RA UT WOS:000240620100010 PM 16783014 ER PT J AU Fantle, MS DePaolo, DJ AF Fantle, Matthew S. DePaolo, Donald J. TI Sr isotopes and pore fluid chemistry in carbonate sediment of the Ontong Java Plateau: Calcite recrystallization rates and evidence for a rapid rise in seawater Mg over the last 10 million years SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID DEEP-SEA CARBONATES; WEATHERING RATES; INTERSTITIAL WATERS; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; MARINE CARBONATE; NUMERICAL-MODELS; DEGREES C; DIAGENESIS; MAGNESIUM; MINERALS AB The (87)Sr/(86)Sr ratios and Sr concentrations in sediment and pore fluids are used to evaluate the rates of calcite recrystallization at ODP Site 807A on the Ontong Java Plateau, an 800-meter thick section of carbonate ooze and chalk. A numerical model is used to evaluate the pore fluid chemistry and Sr isotopes in an accumulating section. The deduced calcite recrystallization rate is 2% per million years (%/Myr) near the top of the section and decreases systematically in older parts of the section such that the rate is close to 0.1/age (in years). The deduced recrystallization rates have important implications for the interpretation of Ca and Mg concentration profiles in the pore fluids. The effect of calcite recrystallization on pore fluid chemistry is described by the reaction length, L, which varies by element, and depends on the concentration in pore fluid and solid. When L is small compared to the thickness of the sedimentary section, the pore fluid concentration is controlled by equilibrium or steady-state exchange with the solid phase, except within a distance L of the sediment-water interface. When L is large relative to the thickness of sediment, the pore fluid concentration is mostly controlled by the boundary conditions and diffusion. The values of L for Ca, Sr, and Mg are of order 15, 150, and 1500 meters, respectively. L(Sr) is derived from isotopic data and modeling, and allows us to infer the values of L(Ca) and L(Mg). The small value for LCa indicates that pore fluid Ca concentrations, which gradually increase down section, must be equilibrium values that are maintained by solution-precipitation exchange with calcite and do not reflect Ca sources within or below the sediment column. The pore fluid Ca measurements and measured alkalinity allow us to calculate the in situ pH in the pore fluids, which decreases from 7.6 near the sediment-water interface to 7.1 +/- 0.1 at 400-800 mbsf. While the calculated pH values are in agreement with some of the values measured during ODP Leg 130, most of the measurements are artifacts. The large value for L(Mg) indicates that the pore fluid Mg concentrations at 807A are not controlled by calcite-fluid equilibrium but instead are determined by the changing Mg concentration of seawater during deposition, modified by aqueous diffusion in the pore fluids. We use the pore fluid Mg concentration profile at Site 807A to retrieve a global record for seawater Mg over the past 35 Myr, which shows that seawater Mg has increased rapidly over the past 10 Myr, rather than gradually over the past 60 Myr. This observation suggests that the Cenozoic rise in seawater Mg is controlled by continental weathering inputs rather than by exchange with oceanic crust. The relationship determined between reaction rate and age in silicates and carbonates is strikingly similar, which suggests that reaction affinity is not the primary determinant of silicate dissolution rates in nature. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fantle, MS (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM msf17@psu.edu NR 66 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 70 IS 15 BP 3883 EP 3904 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.009 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 073TP UT WOS:000239765800009 ER PT J AU Aciego, SM Lamb, MP DePaol, DJ Kennedy, BM Dietrich, WE AF Aciego, S. M. Lamb, M. P. DePaol, D. J. Kennedy, B. M. Dietrich, W. E. TI Combining U-Th/He eruption age dating and He-3 cosmogenic dating to constrain landscape evolution SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aciego@berkeley.edu RI Lamb, Michael/B-6478-2012 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A2 EP A2 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.018 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374200015 ER PT J AU Anderson, BE Becker, U Helean, KB Ewing, RC AF Anderson, B. E. Becker, U. Helean, K. B. Ewing, R. C. TI Perrhenate and pertechnetate behavior on iron and sulfur-bearing compounds SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM beliza@umich.edu; ubecker@umich.edu; kbhelea@sandia.gov RI Becker, Udo/F-7339-2011 OI Becker, Udo/0000-0002-1550-0484 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A16 EP A16 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.045 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374200043 ER PT J AU Black, JR Nyman, M Casey, WH AF Black, J. R. Nyman, M. Casey, W. H. TI Kinetics of O-17-exchange reactions in aqueous metal-oxo nanoclusters SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Dept Geochem, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RI Black, Jay/K-3705-2013 OI Black, Jay/0000-0003-1872-9345 NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A53 EP A53 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.213 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374200117 ER PT J AU Brandes, JA Ingall, ED Paterson, D De Jonge, M AF Brandes, J. A. Ingall, E. D. Paterson, D. De Jonge, M. TI Nanoscale geochemistry of phosphorus within marine sediments SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, Vic 3000, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ingall@eas.gatech.edu RI Ingall, Ellery/A-5447-2008 OI Ingall, Ellery/0000-0003-1954-0317 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A63 EP A63 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.230 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374200136 ER PT J AU Brown, GE Benzerara, K Yoon, TH Ha, J Cordova, CD Spormann, AM Tyliszcak, T Tanwar, KS Trainor, TP Eng, PJ Kendelewicz, T Yamamoto, S Bluhm, H Ketteler, G Salmeron, M Nilsson, A AF Brown, G. E., Jr. Benzerara, K. Yoon, T. H. Ha, J. Cordova, C. D. Spormann, A. M. Tyliszcak, T. Tanwar, K. S. Trainor, T. P. Eng, P. J. Kendelewicz, T. Yamamoto, S. Bluhm, H. Ketteler, G. Salmeron, M. Nilsson, A. TI Applications of synchrotron radiation to processes at environmental interfaces SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Paris, Inst Mineral Phys Milieux Condenses, F-75252 Paris, France. Hanyang Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 133791, South Korea. Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Div Chem Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Sci Div, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Div Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. EM gordon@pangea.stanford.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A69 EP A69 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.242 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374200148 ER PT J AU Clark, SM Speciale, S Jeanloz, R Kunz, M Caldwell, WA Walter, M Walker, D AF Clark, S. M. Speciale, S. Jeanloz, R. Kunz, M. Caldwell, W. A. Walter, M. Walker, D. TI Using advanced accelerators to understand the lower mantle and beyond SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 ALS, LBNL, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY 10944 USA. EM smclark@lbl.gov; speziale@berkeley.edu; jeanloz@berkeley.edu; MKunz@lbl.gov; WACaldwell@lbl.gov; dwalker@ldeo.columbia.edu RI Kunz, Martin/K-4491-2012 OI Kunz, Martin/0000-0001-9769-9900 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A104 EP A104 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.122 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374200219 ER PT J AU Cygan, RT Perry, TD Mitchell, R AF Cygan, R. T. Perry, T. D. Mitchell, R. TI Alginic acid conformations and the calcite-water interface SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 Dept Geochem, Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rtcygan@sandia.gov; tperry@deas.harvard.edu; mitchell@deas.harvard.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A122 EP A122 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.158 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374200255 ER PT J AU Fenter, P Park, C Zhang, Z Wang, Y AF Fenter, P. Park, C. Zhang, Z. Wang, Y. TI Observation of molecular-scale interfacial structures with X-ray reflection interface microscopy SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Xradia Inc, Concord, CA USA. EM Fenter@anl.gov; cypark@anl.gov; zhanzhang@anl.gov; swang@xradia.com RI Park, Changyong/A-8544-2008 OI Park, Changyong/0000-0002-3363-5788 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A169 EP A169 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.339 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374200348 ER PT J AU Fenter, P Park, C Catalano, JG Zhang, Z Nagy, KL Sturchio, NC AF Fenter, P. Park, C. Catalano, J. G. Zhang, Z. Nagy, K. L. Sturchio, N. C. TI Direct observations of ion adsorption and interfacial hydration with resonant anomalous X-ray reflectivity SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM fenter@anl.gov; cypark@anl.gov; catalano@anl.gov; zhanzhang@anl.gov; klnagy@uic.edu; sturchio@uic.edu RI Catalano, Jeffrey/A-8322-2013; Park, Changyong/A-8544-2008 OI Catalano, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9311-977X; Park, Changyong/0000-0002-3363-5788 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A169 EP A169 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.340 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374200349 ER PT J AU Gersoni, AR West, LC Thomas, JE AF Gersoni, A. R. West, L. C. Thomas, J. E. TI The influence of chalcopyrite on the acid Heinrich@erdw.ethz.chgenerating behaviour of pyrite SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 Univ S Australia, Appl Ctr Struct & Synchrotron Studies, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM Andrea.Gerson@unisa.edu.au; thomas@jlab.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A199 EP A199 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.401 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374200408 ER PT J AU Goodell, CM Gilbert, B Weigand, S Zhang, H Banfield, JF AF Goodell, C. M. Gilbert, B. Weigand, S. Zhang, H. Banfield, J. F. TI Kinetics of water induced structural transformation in ZnS nanoparticles SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, DND CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM goodell@eps.berkeley.edu RI Gilbert, Benjamin/E-3182-2010 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A209 EP A209 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.420 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374200428 ER PT J AU Ha, J Cordova, C Yoon, TH Spormann, AM Brown, GE AF Ha, Juyoung Cordova, Carmen Yoon, Tae-Hyun Spormann, Alfred M. Brown, Gordon E., Jr. TI Microbial reduction of hematite: Effects of particle size and exopolysaccharides SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Hanyang Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 133791, South Korea. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. EM jyha@stanford.edu; treegirl@stanford.edu; taeyoon@hanyang.ae.kr; spormann@stanford.edu; gordon@pangea.Stanford.EDU NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A221 EP A221 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.446 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374200452 ER PT J AU Hendy, E Lanzirott, A Rasbury, T Lough, J AF Hendy, E. Lanzirott, A. Rasbury, T. Lough, J. TI Synchrotron mu-XRF mapping of elemental distributions across coral skeleton micro-architecture SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. Univ Chicago, CARS, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. EM ejhendy@ldeo.columbia.edu; lanzirotti@bnl.gov; erasbury@notes.cc.sunysb.edu; j.lough@aims.gov.au RI Lough, Janice/L-1682-2013; Hendy, Erica/H-4488-2016 OI Hendy, Erica/0000-0001-5949-4349 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A246 EP A246 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.1591 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374200503 ER PT J AU Hough, RM Ryan, CG Anand, RR Etschmann, BE Harland, CL DeCarlo, F AF Hough, R. M. Ryan, C. G. Anand, R. R. Etschmann, B. E. Harland, C. L. DeCarlo, F. TI A Synchrotron based study of lateritic, gold bearing, iron oxide nodules SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Australian Synchrotron Res Program, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM robert.hough@csiro.au RI Ryan, Chris/A-6032-2011 OI Ryan, Chris/0000-0003-2891-3912 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A266 EP A266 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.536 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374200543 ER PT J AU Ledbetter, RN James, A Neal, AL Magnuson, TS AF Ledbetter, R. N. James, A. Neal, A. L. Magnuson, T. S. TI Microbial 'Life Signatures': Novel biogenic mineral production and enzyme detection in microorganisms SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 Idaho State Univ, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. EM ledbrhes@isu.edu; jamemich@isu.edu; neal@srel.edu; magntimo@isu.edu RI Neal, Andrew/C-7596-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A346 EP A346 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.700 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374200699 ER PT J AU Mao, WL Mao, HK Shu, J Fei, Y Hemley, RJ Meng, Y Shen, G Prakapenka, VB Campbell, AJ Heinz, DL Sturhahn, W Zhao, J AF Mao, W. L. Mao, H. K. Shu, J. Fei, Y. Hemley, R. J. Meng, Y. Shen, G. Prakapenka, V. B. Campbell, A. J. Heinz, D. L. Sturhahn, W. Zhao, J. TI Elasticity of iron-rich silicate in Earth's D '' layer SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, GSECARS, Chicago, IL USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, XOR, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM wmao@lanl.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A389 EP A389 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.786 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374201030 ER PT J AU Meyer-Dombard, DR Bradley, AS Havig, JR Raymond, J Amend, JP Shock, EL Summons, RE AF Meyer-Dombard, D. R. Bradley, A. S. Havig, J. R. Raymond, J. Amend, J. P. Shock, E. L. Summons, R. E. TI Biogeochemistry of silicious, biofilms in geothermal ecosystems SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA ID AQUIFICALES C1 MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Microbial Syst Div, Livermore, CA USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem Biochem, Tempe, AZ USA. EM drmd@mit.edu RI Bradley, Alexander/A-9391-2009 OI Bradley, Alexander/0000-0002-4044-2802 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A418 EP A418 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.841 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374201087 ER PT J AU Moreau, J Weber, P Martin, M Webb, R Gilbert, B Hutcheon, I Banfield, J AF Moreau, John Weber, Peter Martin, Michael Webb, Richard Gilbert, Benjamin Hutcheon, Ian Banfield, Jillian TI Submicron-scale isotopic variations within biogenic ZnS record the mechanism and kinetics of extracellular metal-sulfide biomineralization SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Queensland, Ctr Microscopy & Microanal, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA USA. EM moreau@eps.berkeley.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A428 EP A428 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.861 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374201107 ER PT J AU Onstott, TC Pratt, LM Clifford, SM Lollar, BS Phelps, TJ AF Onstott, T. C. Pratt, L. M. Clifford, S. M. Lollar, B. Sherwood Phelps, T. J. TI Martian subsurface biomes: How detectable are they? SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN USA. Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN USA. EM tullis@princeton.edu; prattl@indiana.edu; Clifford@lpi.usra.edu; bslollar@chem.utoronto.ca; phelpstj@ornl.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A459 EP A459 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.925 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374201168 ER PT J AU Parry, SA Pawley, AR Jones, RL Clark, SM AF Parry, S. A. Pawley, A. R. Jones, R. L. Clark, S. M. TI In situ study of the structure of talc and 10 A phase at high pressure using synchrotron IR spectroscopy and XRD SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Advanc Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Stephen.Parry@manchester.ac.uk RI Clark, Simon/B-2041-2013; OI Clark, Simon/0000-0002-7488-3438; Parry, Stephen/0000-0001-5205-4543 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A474 EP A474 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.1410 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374201197 ER PT J AU Ryan, CG Siddons, DP Moorhead, G Dunn, P Kirkham, R Dragone, A De Geronimo, G Hough, R Etschmann, BE AF Ryan, C. G. Siddons, D. P. Moorhead, G. Dunn, P. Kirkham, R. Dragone, A. De Geronimo, G. Hough, R. Etschmann, B. E. TI The next generation of synchrotron fluorescence imaging for geological applications SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA ID EXAFS EXPERIMENTS; DETECTOR C1 Univ Melbourne, Dept Phys, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Brookhaven, NY USA. EM chris.ryan@csiro.au RI Moorhead, Gareth/B-6634-2009; Ryan, Chris/A-6032-2011; Kirkham, Robin/C-9786-2010; Dunn, Paul/D-6721-2012 OI Moorhead, Gareth/0000-0002-9299-9549; Ryan, Chris/0000-0003-2891-3912; Kirkham, Robin/0000-0003-1012-3496; NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A550 EP A550 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.1016 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374201348 ER PT J AU Singer, DM Farges, F Brown, GE AF Singer, D. M. Farges, F. Brown, G. E., Jr. TI Zn(II) sorption on nanoparticulate UO2 SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Bldg 320, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Paris 12, Lab Geomateriaux, F-77454 Marne La Vallee, France. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A592 EP A592 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.1099 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374201431 ER PT J AU Slowey, AJ Brown, GE AF Slowey, A. J. Brown, G. E., Jr. TI Transformations of mercury, iron, and sulfur during the reductive dissolution of iron oxyhydroxide by sulfide SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A596 EP A596 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.1107 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374201439 ER PT J AU Sturchio, NC Lu, ZT Mueller, P Bailey, K O'Connor, TP Yokochi, R Probst, P AF Sturchio, N. C. Lu, Z. -T. Mueller, P. Bailey, K. O'Connor, T. P. Yokochi, R. Probst, P. TI Radiokrypton analysis in the 21st century: Development and application of a laser atom trap SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA ID KR-81 C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM sturchio@uic.edu; lu@anl.gov RI Mueller, Peter/E-4408-2011 OI Mueller, Peter/0000-0002-8544-8191 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A620 EP A620 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.1151 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374201487 ER PT J AU Sturhahn, W AF Sturhahn, W. TI Nuclear resonant spectroscopy SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA ID IRON C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60532 USA. EM sturhahn@anl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A621 EP A621 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.1152 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374201488 ER PT J AU Sturhahn, W Lin, JF Jackson, JM Zhao, J AF Sturhahn, W. Lin, J. -F. Jackson, J. M. Zhao, J. TI Spin crossover in ferropericlase by nuclear resonant spectroscopy SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA ID EARTHS LOWER MANTLE; IRON; TRANSITION; PEROVSKITE; STATE C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM sturhahn@anl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A621 EP A621 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.1153 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374201489 ER PT J AU Waychunas, GA Kim, CS Gilbert, B Zhang, H Banfield, JF AF Waychunas, G. A. Kim, C. S. Gilbert, B. Zhang, H. Banfield, J. F. TI Nanoparticle structure, surface structure and crystal chemistry SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA ID MINERALS C1 Dept Geochem, Div Earth Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Chapman Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Orange, CA 92866 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gawaychunas@lbl.gov; cskim@chapman.edu; bgilbert@lbl.gov; heng@eps.berkeley.edu; jill@eps.berkeley.edu NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A692 EP A692 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.1505 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374201628 ER PT J AU Wellman, DM Mattigod, SV Fryxell, GE Clayton, LN Glovack, JN Parker, KE AF Wellman, D. M. Mattigod, S. V. Fryxell, G. E. Clayton, L. N. Glovack, J. N. Parker, K. E. TI Nanoporous transition metal phosphate materials for sequestration of redox sensitive contaminants SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG-SEP -, 2006 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM dawn.wellman@pnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 70 IS 18 SU S BP A696 EP A696 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.1513 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 096JU UT WOS:000241374201636 ER PT J AU Nunan, N Ritz, K Rivers, M Feeney, DS Young, IM AF Nunan, Naoise Ritz, Karl Rivers, Mark Feeney, Debbie S. Young, Iain M. TI Investigating microbial micro-habitat structure using X-ray computed tomography SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE X-ray computer tomography; aggregates; microscale ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; SOIL; QUANTIFICATION; HETEROGENEITY; MICROSCALE; DIVERSITY; BACTERIA; HABITAT; SPACE AB We investigated the utility of combining micro-scale computed tomography (micro-CT), image analysis and geostatistics to quantify pore geometry at spatial scales ranging from 4.4 [mu m to 2 mm. To facilitate this, we investigated soil taken from an old permanent upland pasture known to support very high levels of microbial diversity and that had not been cultivated for many centuries. Aggregates (< 3 mm in diameter) from three treatments (control, sewage sludge amended and biocide treated) derived from the site were imaged using synchrotron-based computed microtomography. Image analysis was used to determine aggregate porosity and pore shape parameters, and semivariance analysis was used to measure the spatial correlation of pore space within the three land treatments. For all plots high porosities were observed (c. 30%) at scales below 3 mm. High variations of porosity were also observed, ranging from 22% to 47%, but no significant differences among treatments were found. No significant differences among treatments were found in the distribution of pores within aggregates, as revealed by semivariance analysis, or in pore shape parameters. No treatment effects were observed. However, the work presented here shows that the combination of approaches adopted has great potential for quantifying the soil microbial physical habitat. Future work, should investigate the use of these novel techniques in more controlled soil ecosystems to provide an exciting new way of understanding the soil-microbe interactions at appropriate scales. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Scottish Crop Res Inst, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. Cranfield Univ, Natl Soil Resources Inst, Silsoe MK45 4DT, Beds, England. Care Of Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Chicago, CAT, APS CARS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Abertay Univ, SIMBIOS, Dundee DD1 1HG, Scotland. RP Nunan, N (reprint author), INRA, CNRS, INA PG, Batiment EGER, F-78850 Thiverval Grignon, France. EM nunan@grignon.inra.fr RI Young, Iain/C-9210-2011; Nunan, Naoise/I-5297-2013; OI Young, Iain/0000-0002-7588-9006; Nunan, Naoise/0000-0003-3448-7171; Ritz, Karl/0000-0001-6584-0631 NR 27 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 11 U2 69 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD AUG PY 2006 VL 133 IS 3-4 BP 398 EP 407 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.08.004 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 062XW UT WOS:000238981300020 ER PT J AU Freifeld, BM Trautz, RC AF Freifeld, B. M. Trautz, R. C. TI Real-time quadrupole mass spectrometer analysis of gas in borehole fluid samples acquired using the U-tube sampling methodology SO GEOFLUIDS LA English DT Article DE CO2 sequestration; geochemical sampling; quadrupole spectrometry; real-time gas analysis; wellbore sampling AB Sampling of fluids in deep boreholes is challenging because of the necessity of minimizing external contamination and maintaining sample integrity during recovery. The U-tube sampling methodology was developed to collect large volume, multiphase samples at in situ pressures. As a permanent or semi-permanent installation, the U-tube can be used for rapidly acquiring multiple samples or it may be installed for long-term monitoring applications. The U-tube was first deployed in Liberty County, TX to monitor crosswell CO2 injection as part of the Frio CO2 sequestration experiment. Analysis of gases (dissolved or separate phase) was performed in the field using a quadrupole mass spectrometer, which served as the basis for determining the arrival of the CO2 plume. The presence of oxygen and argon in elevated concentrations, along with reduced methane concentration, indicates sample alteration caused by the introduction of surface fluids during borehole completion. Despite producing the well to eliminate non-native fluids, measurements demonstrate that contamination persists until the immiscible CO2 injection swept formation fluid into the observation wellbore. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Freifeld, BM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bmfreifeld@lbl.gov RI Freifeld, Barry/F-3173-2010 NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1468-8115 J9 GEOFLUIDS JI Geofluids PD AUG PY 2006 VL 6 IS 3 BP 217 EP 224 DI 10.1111/j.1468-8115.2006.00138.x PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA 064VY UT WOS:000239119200002 ER PT J AU Matmon, A Schwartz, DP Haeussler, PJ Finkel, R Lienkaemper, JJ Stenner, HD Dawson, TE AF Matmon, A. Schwartz, D. P. Haeussler, P. J. Finkel, R. Lienkaemper, J. J. Stenner, H. D. Dawson, T. E. TI Denali fault slip rates and Holocene-late Pleistocene kinematics of central Alaska SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Denali fault; slip rates; cosmogenic isotopes; offset moraines ID AHKLUN MOUNTAINS; TECTONICS; CONSTRAINTS; EARTHQUAKE; MOTION; SYSTEM; SCALE; RANGE AB The Denali fault is the principal intracontinental strike-slip fault accommodating deformation of interior Alaska associated with the Yakutat plate convergence. We obtained the first quantitative late Pleistocene-Holocene slip rates on the Denali fault system from dating offset geomorphic features. Analysis of cosmogenic Be-10 concentrations in boulders (n = 27) and sediment (n = 13) collected at seven sites, offset 25-170 m by the Denali and Totschunda faults, gives average ages that range from 2.4 +/- 0.3 ka to 17.0 +/- 1.8 ka. These offsets and ages yield late Pleistocene-Holocene average slip rates of 9.4 +/- 1.6, 12.1 +/- 1.7, and 8.4 +/- 2.2 mm/yr(-1) along the western, central, and eastern Denali fault, respectively, and 6.0 +/- 1.2 mm/yr(-1) along the Totschunda fault. Our results suggest a westward decrease in the mean Pleistocene-Holocene slip rate. This westward decrease likely results from partitioning of slip from the Denali fault system to thrust faults to the north and west. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Matmon, A (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. OI Haeussler, Peter/0000-0002-1503-6247 NR 31 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD AUG PY 2006 VL 34 IS 8 BP 645 EP 648 DI 10.1130/G22361.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 076DM UT WOS:000239937200010 ER PT J AU Akinci, A Malagnini, L Herrmann, RB Gok, R Sorensen, MB AF Akinci, A. Malagnini, L. Herrmann, R. B. Gok, R. Sorensen, M. B. TI Ground motion scaling in the Marmara region, Turkey SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE attenuation; ground motion scaling; Marmara region; Turkey ID NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT; RANDOM VIBRATION THEORY; 1999 IZMIT EARTHQUAKE; NORTHWESTERN TURKEY; SOURCE SPECTRA; SEA REGION; CALIFORNIA; ATTENUATION; AMERICA; STRESS AB Predictive relationships for the ground motion in the Marmara region (northwestern Turkey) are parametrized after regressing three-component waveforms from regional earthquakes, in the frequency range: 0.4-15.0 Hz, and in the distance range: 10-200 km. The data set consists of 2400 three-component recordings from 462 earthquakes, recorded at 53 stations. Moment magnitudes, M-w, range between 2.5 and 7.2. The largest event for which we have waveforms available (M-w 7.2) occurred in Duzce on 1999 November 12. The aftershocks of that earthquake, together with the aftershocks of the 1999 August 17 Izmit event (M-w = 7.4) are included in the dataset. Regressions are performed, independently, on Fourier velocity spectra and on peak ground velocities, for a large number of sampling frequencies. A simple model is used to relate the logarithm of the measured ground motion to excitation, site, and propagation terms. Results obtained for peak velocities are used to define a piecewise continuous geometrical spreading function, g(r), a frequency-dependent Q(f), and a distance-dependent duration function. The latter is used, through random vibration theory (RVT), in order to predict time-domain characteristics (i.e. peak values) of the ground motion. The complete model obtained for the peak ground motion was used to match the results of the regressions on the Fourier amplitudes. Fourier velocity spectra for the combined horizontal motion are best fit by a hinged quadri-linear geometrical spreading function for observations in the 10 - 200 km hypocentral distance ranges as a function of frequency: f < 1.0 Hz, r(-1.2) for r <= 30 km; r(-0.7) for 30 < r <= 60 km; r(-1.4) for 60 < r = 100 km; r(-0.1) for r > 100, f >= 1.0 Hz, r(-1.0) for r <= 30 km; r(-0.6) for 30 < r <= 60 km; r(-0.9) for 60 < r <= 100 km; r(-0.1) for r > 100 km. The frequency- dependent crustal shearwave quality factor Q (f) coefficient Q(f) = 180 f(0.45). The T (5 - 75 per cent) duration window provides good agreement between observed and predicted peak values. By modelling the behaviour of the small earthquakes at high frequency, we also quantified a regional parameter kappa = 0.055 s. Spectral models with one single-corner frequency (Brune), and with two-corner frequencies (Atkinson and Silva) fit the observed high- frequency excitation levels equallywell, whereas the model by Atkinson and Silva fits the low- frequency observations slightly better than Brune's. RVT is used to predict the absolute levels of ground shaking, following Boore's implementation of the stochastic ground motion model (Boore's SMSIM codes). Our regional empirical predictive relationships are compared to the ones adopted in several regions of the world, from California to Western United States. C1 Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-00143 Rome, Italy. St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Bergen, Dept Earth Sci, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. RP Akinci, A (reprint author), Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Via Vigna Murata 605, I-00143 Rome, Italy. EM akinci@ingv.it RI Gok, Rengin/O-6639-2014 NR 58 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 166 IS 2 BP 635 EP 651 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.02971.x PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 063GB UT WOS:000239004900012 ER PT J AU Vlastos, S Liu, E Main, IG Schoenberg, M Narteau, C Li, XY Maillot, B AF Vlastos, S. Liu, E. Main, I. G. Schoenberg, M. Narteau, C. Li, X. Y. Maillot, B. TI Dual simulations of fluid flow and seismic wave propagation in a fractured network: effects of pore pressure on seismic signature SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE cellular automaton; effective medium theory; finite difference methods; fractures; scattering attenuation; wave propagation ID SATURATED CRACKED SOLIDS; INTERCONNECTED CRACKS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; DEPENDENT ANISOTROPY; ORIENTED CRACKS; ELASTIC-WAVES; ROCK; VELOCITIES; ATTENUATION; STRESS AB Fluid flow in the Earth's crust plays an important role in a number of geological processes. In relatively tight rock formations such flow is usually controlled by open macrofractures, with significant implications for ground water flow and hydrocarbon reservoir management. The movement of fluids in the fractured media will result in changes in the pore pressure and consequently will cause changes to the effective stress, traction and elastic properties. The main purpose of this study is to numerically examine the effect of pore pressure changes on seismic wave propagation (i.e. the effects of pore pressures on amplitude, arrival time, frequency content). This is achieved by using dual simulations of fluid flow and seismic propagation in a common 2-D fracture network. Note that the dual simulations are performed separately as the coupled simulations of fluid flow and seismic wave propagations in such fracture network is not possible because the timescales of fluid flow and wave propagation are considerably different (typically, fluid flows in hours, whereas wave propagation in seconds). The flow simulation updates the pore pressure at consecutive time steps, and thus the elastic properties of the rock, for the seismic modelling. In other words, during each time step of the flow simulations, we compute the elastic response corresponding to the pore pressure distribution. The relationship between pore pressure and fractures is linked via an empirical relationship given by Schoenberg and the elastic response of fractures is computed using the equivalent medium theory described by Hudson and Liu. Therefore, we can evaluate the possibility of inferring the changes of fluid properties directly from seismic data. Our results indicate that P waves are not as sensitive to pore pressure changes as S and coda (or scattered) waves. The increase in pore pressure causes a shift of the energy towards lower frequencies, as shown from the spectrum (as a result of scattering attenuation). Another important observation is that the fluid effects on the wavefield vary significantly with the source-receiver direction, that is, the azimuth relative to the fracture orientation. These results have significant implications for the characterization of naturally fractured reservoirs using seismic methods, and may impact on experimental design to infer such attributes in a real reservoir situation, particularly in acquiring time-lapse seismic data. C1 British Geol Survey, Murchison House, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, Midlothian, Scotland. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Cergy Pontoise, Cergy Pontoise, France. RP Liu, E (reprint author), British Geol Survey, Murchison House, W Mains Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, Midlothian, Scotland. EM E.Liu@bgs.ac.uk RI Narteau, Clement/C-6912-2011; maillot, bertrand/F-4835-2016 OI Narteau, Clement/0000-0002-9556-9544; NR 49 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 166 IS 2 BP 825 EP 838 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03060.x PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 063GB UT WOS:000239004900025 ER PT J AU Hier-Majumder, CA Travis, BJ Belanger, E Richard, G Vincent, AP Yuen, DA AF Hier-Majumder, C. A. Travis, B. J. Belanger, E. Richard, G. Vincent, A. P. Yuen, D. A. TI Efficient sensitivity analysis for flow and transport in the Earth's crust and mantle SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review DE fluid dynamics; fluids in rocks; hydrology; inverse problems; mantle convection; sensitivity ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; 4D-VAR DATA ASSIMILATION; NON-LINEAR SYSTEMS; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS; ADJOINT SENSITIVITY; THEORETICAL ASPECTS; SAMPLING DESIGN; POROUS-MEDIA; FSU-GSM AB This paper focuses on the role of sensitivity analysis in studies of water transport in the environmental and geophysical sciences. Sensitivity analysis is useful in model development to determine how changes in parameter input will affect a model's response. It is also used in data assimilation to incorporate observations into a model. The adjoint method allows an efficient calculation of a model's sensitivity when the number of parameters exceeds the number of observations. In this paper we present studies demonstrating the use of the adjoint method for modelling water transport in both the Earth's crust and mantle. C1 Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Atmospher Climate & Environm Dynam Grp, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Supercomp Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Hier-Majumder, CA (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, 5241 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM catherine@dtm.ciw.edu RI RICHARD, Guillaume/B-7893-2008 OI RICHARD, Guillaume/0000-0001-9137-1453 NR 102 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 166 IS 2 BP 907 EP 922 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.02926.x PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 063GB UT WOS:000239004900029 ER PT J AU Pruess, K AF Pruess, Karsten TI Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) usingCO(2) as working fluid - A novel approach for generating renewable energy with simultaneous sequestration of carbon SO GEOTHERMICS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPHASE FLOW; SIMULATION; DISPOSAL; DIOXIDE; MEDIA; CO2 AB Responding to the need to reduce atmospheric emissions of carbon dioxide, Brown [Brown, D., 2000. A Hot Dry Rock geothermal energy concept utilizing supercritical CO2 instead of water. In: Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford University, pp. 233-2381 proposed a novel enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) concept that would use carbon dioxide (CO2) instead of water as heat transmission fluid, and would achieve geologic sequestration Of CO2 as an ancillary benefit. Following up on his suggestion, we have evaluated thermophysical properties and performed numerical simulations to explore the fluid dynamics and heat transfer issues in an engineered geothermal reservoir that would be operated with CO2. We find that CO2 is superior to water in its ability to mine heat from hot fractured rock. Carbon dioxide also offers certain advantages with respect to wellbore hydraulics, in that its larger compressibility and expansivity as compared to water would increase buoyancy forces and would reduce the parasitic power consumption of the fluid circulation system. While the thermal and hydraulic aspects of a CO2-EGS system look promising, major uncertainties remain with regard to chemical interactions between fluids and rocks. An EGS system running on CO2 has sufficiently attractive features to warrant further investigation. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of CNR. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pruess, K (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM K_Pruess@lbl.gov NR 23 TC 134 Z9 147 U1 10 U2 76 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0375-6505 J9 GEOTHERMICS JI Geothermics PD AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 351 EP 367 DI 10.1016/j.geothermics.2006.08.002 PG 17 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 105RG UT WOS:000242049400002 ER PT J AU Falk, RB Daugherty, NM Aldrich, JM Furman, FJ Hilmas, DE AF Falk, Roger B. Daugherty, Nancy M. Aldrich, Joe M. Furman, F. Joseph Hilmas, Duane E. TI Application of multi-compartment wound models to plutonium-contaminated wounds incurred by former workers at Rocky Flats SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE plutonium; modeling; dose assessment; bioassay; intake; radionuclide ID EXCRETION; RETENTION; PU AB This paper presents the analysis of urine bioassay data, spanning four decades, from five workers who had wounds contaminated with plutonium at the Department of Energy Rocky Flats Plant during the period 1961-1967. The cases were selected from participants in the Department of Energy-sponsored Former Radiation Worker Medical Surveillance Program at Rocky Flats, which provided medical monitoring, modern bioassay measurements, and internal dose re-evaluations for former Rocky Flats workers. The cases include a variety of wound types, excision treatment regimes, and monitoring information. These wound cases illustrate the use of two multi-compartment wound models and three plutonium urine excretion models for retrospective calculation of internal plutonium depositions resulting from wounds for which no chelation therapy was administered. Wound model compartment fractions and half times are determined for each case and urine excretion model as are composite parameter values. The urine analysis and wound count measurements obtained udder the program provide data with state-of-the art measurement sensitivity, as well as the opportunity to include long-term excretion and wound site data that exceed 10,000 d post-exposure for retrospective intake and dose evaluations. These data are provided to the radiation dosimetry community for use in developing and testing improved models for plutonium deposition in wounds. C1 Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Arvada, CO 80005 USA. RP Falk, RB (reprint author), Ctr Epidemiol Res, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, 9950 W 80th Ave,Suite 17, Arvada, CO 80005 USA. EM roger.falk@orau.org NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 91 IS 2 BP 128 EP 143 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000203314.17612.63 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 064NH UT WOS:000239095900006 PM 16832194 ER PT J AU Eremenko, VA Droppo, JG AF Eremenko, V. A. Droppo, J. G., Jr. TI A personal experience reducing radiation exposures: Protecting family in Kiev during the first two weeks after Chernobyl SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE operational topic; Chernobyl; accidents, power reactor; contamination AB The Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident occurred in 1986. The phone from the explosions and fires was highly radioactive and resulted in very high exposure levels in the surrounding regions. This paper describes how the people in Kiev, Ukraine, a city, 120 km (90 miles) south of Chernobyl, and in particular one individual in that city Professor Vitaly Eremenko, became aware of the threat before the official announcement and the steps he took to mitigate potential impacts to his immediate family. The combination of being informed and using available resources led to greatly reduced consequences for his family and, in particular, his newborn granddaughter. He notes how quickly word of the some aspects of the hazard spread in the city and how other aspects appear to not have been understood. Although these events are being recalled as the 20(th) anniversary of the terrible event approaches, the lessons are still pertinent today. Threats of possible terrorist use of radiation dispersal devices makes knowledge of effective individual actions for self-protection from radiation exposures a topic of current interest. C1 Russia ACTIS, Moscow Dept, Moscow 115280, Russia. IKB LLC, Mill Creek, WA 98012 USA. RP Droppo, JG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MS K9-30, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM james.droppo@pnl.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 91 IS 2 SU S BP S39 EP S46 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000226143.54179.dd PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 065QI UT WOS:000239174000008 PM 16823271 ER PT J AU Fritz, BG Khan, F Mendoza, DP AF Fritz, Brad G. Khan, Fenton Mendoza, Donaldo P. TI Evaluation of airflow patterns following procedures established by NUREG-1400 SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE operational topic; air sampling; monitoring, air; nuclear power industry ID PLACEMENT AB The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission's guide, NUREG-1400, addresses many aspects of air sampling in the workplace. Here, we present detailed examples of the methodology used to conduct two qualitative airflow studies at different sites. In one test, smoke was used to evaluate tire airflow patterns within a high-bay building for the purpose of determining appropriate locations for air monitoring equipment The study revealed a stagnant layer of the air within the transfer area that made predicting movement of contamination within the transfer area difficult. Without conducting an airflow study, the stagnant layer may not have been identified and could have resulted in placement of samplers at inappropriate locations. In a second test, smoke was used to verify the effectiveness of an air space barrier curtain. The results showed that tire curtain adequately separated the two air spaces. The methodology employed in each test provided sound, easy to interpret information that satisfied the requirements of each test. The methods described in this article can be applied at most facilities where determination of airflow patterns or the verification of suspected airflow patterns is required. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Fritz, BG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM brad.fritz@pnl.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 91 IS 2 SU S BP S18 EP S23 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000215923.12913.02 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 065QI UT WOS:000239174000004 PM 16823267 ER PT J AU Simpkins, AA Lee, PL AF Simpkins, A. A. Lee, P. L. TI Modeling a potential atmospheric release from a waste disposal facility at the Savannah River Site as an area source SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE operational topic; dose assessment; environmental transport; waste disposal AB The Saltstone Facility was designed at the Savannah River Site (SRS) to treat and dispose of certain low-level liquid radioactive wastes. The final product of Saltstone is several large concrete vaults. As part of the performance assessment for Saltstone, reduction of dose to receptors downwind of the vaults have been estimated for treating the vaults as an area atmospheric source as opposed to a point source. The CAP88 model has the ability to handle area sources, but the methods are not appropriate for receptors close to the source such as those modeled at 100 m. Use of the area source as opposed to the point source can reduce the dose by as much as a factor of 5 depending on vault size. A method for quickly assessing the dose from an area source for near-in exposures is demonstrated here. C1 SW Res Inst, Ctr Nucl Waste Regulatory Anal, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. Washington Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Simpkins, AA (reprint author), SW Res Inst, Ctr Nucl Waste Regulatory Anal, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. EM asimpkins@swri.org NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 91 IS 2 SU S BP S32 EP S34 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000223449.52188.d6 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 065QI UT WOS:000239174000006 PM 16823269 ER PT J AU Diamond, DL Proll, SC Jacobs, JM Chan, EY Camp, DG Smith, RD Katze, MG AF Diamond, Deborah L. Proll, Sean C. Jacobs, Jon M. Chan, Eric Y. Camp, David G., II Smith, Richard D. Katze, Michael G. TI HepatoProteomics: Applying proteomic technologies to the study of liver function and disease SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HEPATITIS-C-VIRUS; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATIONS; BIOMARKER DISCOVERY; SHOTGUN PROTEOMICS; STATISTICAL-MODEL; ACCURATE MASS; EXPRESSION; STRATEGY AB The wealth of human genome sequence information now available, coupled with technological advances in robotics, nanotechnology, mass spectrometry, and information systems, has given rise to a method of scientific inquiry known as functional genomics. By using these technologies to survey gene expression and protein production on a near global scale, the goal of functional genomics is to assign biological function to genes with currently unknown roles in physiology. This approach carries particular appeal in disease research, where it can uncover the function of previously unknown genes and molecular pathways that are directly involved in disease progression. With this knowledge may come improved diagnostic techniques, prognostic capabilities, and novel therapeutic approaches. In this regard, the continuing evolution of proteomic technologies has resulted in an increasingly greater impact of proteome studies in many areas of research and hepatology is no exception. Our laboratory has been extremely active in this area, applying both genomic and proteomic technologies to the analysis of virus-host interactions in several systems, including the study of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and HCV-associated liver disease. Since proteomic technologies are foreign to many hepatologists (and to almost everyone else), this article will provide an overview of proteomic methods and technologies and describe how they are being used to study liver function and disease. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Washington, Washington Natl Primate Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Diamond, DL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Box 358070, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM ddiamond@u.washington.edu RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCRR NIH HHS [R24RR16354, 1P41RR0185221-01, P51RR00166]; NIDA NIH HHS [1P30DA01562501] NR 56 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD AUG PY 2006 VL 44 IS 2 BP 299 EP 308 DI 10.1002/hep.21318 PG 10 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 070LF UT WOS:000239523200002 PM 16871559 ER PT J AU Chen, YJ Zhu, SJ Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Hwang, JK Luo, YX Rasmussen, JO Che, XL Ding, HB Li, ML AF Chen Yong-Jing Zhu Sheng-Jiang Hamilton, J. H. Ramayya, A. V. Hwang, J. K. Luo, Y. X. Rasmussen, J. O. Che Xin-Lai Ding Huai-Bo Li Ming-Liang TI Octupole deformed band and quasi-gamma band in Ce-146 nucleus SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION LA English DT Article DE high spin state; octupole deformed band; quasi-gamma band; shell model ID CONSEQUENCES; DEFORMATION AB High-spin structures in Ce-146 nucleus have been re-investigated by measuring the prompt gamma rays from spontaneous fission of Cf-252 The previously reported level scheme of Ce-146 has been updated. The octupole deformed collective bands have been extended up to higher spin states. A possible quasi-gamma band structure was examined and reconstructed according to our data analysis. In addition, the reflection asymmetric shell model was applied to describe the octupole deformed bands in Ce-146, and the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental data at lower spins. C1 Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chen, YJ (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM yj-chen@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0254-3052 J9 HIGH ENERG PHYS NUC JI High Energy Phys. Nucl. Phys.-Chin. Ed. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 30 IS 8 BP 740 EP 744 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 070LB UT WOS:000239522800007 ER PT J AU Tomasi, D Ernst, T Caparelli, EC Chang, L AF Tomasi, Dardo Ernst, Thomas Caparelli, Elisabeth C. Chang, Linda TI Common deactivation patterns during working memory and visual attention tasks: An intra-subject fMRI study at 4 Tesla SO HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING LA English DT Article DE visual attention; working memory; fMRI; activation; deactivation; PET; CBF ID CEREBRAL-BLOOD-FLOW; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS; BRAIN ACTIVATION; CORTEX; FACES; INHIBITION; RESPONSES; TRACKING; NETWORK AB This parametric functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigates the balance of negative and positive fMRI signals in the brain. A set of visual attention (VA) and working memory (WM) tasks with graded levels of difficulty was used to deactivate separate but overlapping networks that include the frontal, temporal, occipital, and limbic lobes; regions commonly associated with auditory and emotional processing. Brain activation (% signal change and volume) was larger for VA tasks than for WM tasks, but deactivation was larger for WM tasks. Load-related increases of blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) responses for different levels of task difficulty cross-correlated strongly in the deactivated network during VA but less so during WM. The variability of the deactivated network across different cognitive tasks supports the hypothesis that global cerebral blood flow vary across different tasks, but not between different levels of task difficulty of the same task. The task-dependent balance of activation and deactivation might allow maximization of resources for the activated network. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Med, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Tomasi, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Bldg 490,30 Bell Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM tomasi@bnl.gov RI Tomasi, Dardo/J-2127-2015 FU NCRR NIH HHS [5-M01-RR-10710, M01 RR010710, M01 RR010710-06S1]; NIDA NIH HHS [K24 DA16170, K02 DA016991, K02 DA16991, K24 DA016170, R03 DA017070, R03 DA017070-01] NR 46 TC 103 Z9 105 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1065-9471 J9 HUM BRAIN MAPP JI Hum. Brain Mapp. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 27 IS 8 BP 694 EP 705 DI 10.1002/hbm.20211 PG 12 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 067QC UT WOS:000239316700006 PM 16404736 ER PT J AU Miller, EK AF Miller, Edmund K. TI Comparison of the radiation properties of a sinusoidal current filament and a PEC dipole of near-zero radius SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic fields; dipole antennas; electromagnetic radiation; far-field analysis of radiation sources; induced electromotive force; electromagnetic forces; Poynting vector ID SIMPLE CURRENT DISTRIBUTIONS; TRANSIENT RADIATION AB Among the relatively few problems in electromagnetics the solutions of which can be developed in closed form are the near and far fields of a sinusoidal current filament (SCF). Before the inception of computational electromagnetics, this fact led to the sinusoidal current filament being widely used as an approximation for the radiation characteristics of a thin wire, such as a center-fed dipole. The reason that this approximation proves to be useful is that the current on a PEC (perfectly electrically conducting) wire of near-zero radius (NZR) becomes a close approximation to a sinusoid, and their radiation patterns become very similar. However., as will be shown here, while the sinusoidal current filament and near-zero-radius dipole are very similar in some respects, they are quite different in others. These similarities and differences are explored below, and their implications for how these two sources actually produce a far radiation field are explained. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lincoln, CA 95648 USA. RP Miller, EK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, 597 Rust Ranch Lane, Lincoln, CA 95648 USA. EM e.miller@ieee.org NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1045-9243 EI 1558-4143 J9 IEEE ANTENN PROPAG M JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 48 IS 4 BP 37 EP 47 DI 10.1109/MAP.2006.1715229 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 094NO UT WOS:000241246400006 ER PT J AU Du, XX Ghosh, BK Ulinski, P AF Du, Xiuxia Ghosh, Bijoy K. Ulinski, Philip TI Encoding of motion targets by waves in turtle visual cortex SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE beta-space representation; Karhunen-Loeve (KL) decomposition; motion encoding; statistical hypothesis testing; turtle visual cortex ID PROPAGATING WAVES AB Visual stimuli evoke wave activity in the visual cortex of freshwater turtles. Earlier work from our laboratory showed that information about the positions of stationary visual stimuli is encoded in the spatiotemporal dynamics of the waves and that the waves can be decoded using Bayesian detection theory. This paper extends these results in three ways. First, it shows that flashes of light separated in space and time and stimuli moving with three speeds can be discriminated statistically using the waves generated in a large-scale model of the cortex. Second, it compares the coding capabilities of spike rate and spike time codes. Spike rate codes were obtained by low-pass filtering the activities of individual neurons in the model with filters of different band widths. For the moving targets used in the study, detectability using spike rate codes is immune to the choice of a specific bandwidth, indicating that a coarse filter is able to adequately discriminate targets. Spike timing codes are binary sequences indicating the precise timing of spike activity of individual neurons across the cortex. Spike time codes generally perform better than do spike rate codes. Third, the encoding process is examined in terms of the underlying cellular mechanisms that result in the initiation, propagation and cessation of the wave. The period of peak detectability corresponds to the period in which waves are propagating across the cortex. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Du, XX (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, 2500 George Washington Way, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM xiuxia.du@pnl.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9294 J9 IEEE T BIO-MED ENG JI IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 53 IS 8 BP 1688 EP 1695 DI 10.1109/TBME.2006.877796 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 066XH UT WOS:000239263400025 PM 16916104 ER PT J AU Roybal, WT Carlsten, BE Tallerico, PJ AF Roybal, William T. Carlsten, Bruce E. Tallerico, Paul J. TI Dynamics of retrograde electrons returning from the output cavity in klystrons SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article ID AMPLIFIERS AB Loss of efficiency and tube oscillations have been attributed to electrons returning from the output cavity in klystrons due to excessive output cavity voltages. It is generally believed that the retrograde electrons lead to a relatively large harmonic current component in the input cavity, which overwhelms the input drive. Here, for the first time, detailed simulations describing the dynamics of retrograde particles for a nominal klystron design and cases with the shunt impedance of the output cavity increased, which show persistent harmonic bunching induced by the penultimate cavity, are presented. The maximum retrograde harmonic current is comparable to the current induced in the input cavity without the retrograde particles and can significantly influence the overall klystron behavior. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Roybal, WT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Carlsten, Bruce/0000-0001-5619-907X NR 9 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD AUG PY 2006 VL 53 IS 8 BP 1922 EP 1928 DI 10.1109/TED.2006.877367 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 067FH UT WOS:000239286700023 ER PT J AU Adiga, U Malladi, R Fernandez-Gonzalez, R de Solorzano, CO AF Adiga, Umesh Malladi, Ravikanth Fernandez-Gonzalez, Rodrigo de Solorzano, Carlos Ortiz TI High-throughput analysis of multispectral images of breast cancer tissue SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE cell; coherence; diffusion; segmentation; tissue ID ACTIVE CONTOURS; SEGMENTATION; ALGORITHM; CARCINOMA; DIAGNOSIS; SECTIONS; TRACKING; DISEASE; SYSTEM; CELLS AB Statistical analysis of genetic changes within cell nuclei that are far from the primary tumor would help determine whether such changes have occurred prior to tumor invasion. To determine whether the gene amplification in cells is morphologically and/or genetically related to the primary tumor requires quantitative evaluation of a large number of cell nuclei from continuous meaningful structures such as milk-ducts, tumors, etc., located relatively far from the primary tumor. To address this issue, we have designed an integrated image analysis software system for high-throughput segmentation of nuclei. Filters such as Beltrami flow-based reaction-diffusion, directional diffusion, etc., were used to pre-process the images resulting in a better segmentation. The accurate shape of the segmented nucleus was recovered using an iterative "shrink-wrap" operation. The study of two cases of ductal carcinoma in situ in breast tissue supports the biological observation regarding the existence of a preferential intraductal invasion, and therefore a common origin, between the primary tumor and the gene amplification in the cell-nuclei lining the ductal structures in the breast. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Joint Grad Grp Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Adiga, U (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM upadiga@lbl.gov; ravikanth.malladi@ge.com; rfgonzalez@lbl.gov; codesolorzano@unav.es RI Ortiz de Solorzano, Carlos/G-3278-2010; Fernandez-Gonzalez, Rodrigo/F-6145-2012 OI Ortiz de Solorzano, Carlos/0000-0001-8720-0205; NR 33 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7149 EI 1941-0042 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 15 IS 8 BP 2259 EP 2268 DI 10.1109/TIP.2006.875205 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 067FJ UT WOS:000239286900015 PM 16900681 ER PT J AU Bialasiewicz, JT Muljadi, E AF Bialasiewicz, Jan T. Muljadi, Eduard TI Analysis of renewable-energy systems using RPM-SIM simulator SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE modeling and simulation of power systems; peak-power tracker (PPT); renewable-energy systems; stiff grid; water pumping; weak grid; wind-farm aggregation ID POWER AB Renewable-energy systems that are under development need a simulation-based analysis to ensure system stability, power quality, and reliability. Such an analysis may reveal design modifications that need to be made before the system is implemented in the field. The modular simulator RPM-SIM, available on the National Renewable Energy Laboratory Web site (http://wind.nrel.gov/designcodes/simulators/rpmsim/), facilitates a low-cost application-specific study of the dynamics of the wind-solar-diesel hybrid power systems. This paper discusses the principal modules of the simulator and provides several examples of a simulation-based analysis of the renewable-energy systems. These examples illustrate the importance of a simulation-based study of the grid-connected and stand-alone or autonomous systems. The RPM-SIM is open-ended and can be easily expanded. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Engn, Denver, CO 80217 USA. Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80217 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Bialasiewicz, JT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Engn, Denver, CO 80217 USA. EM jan.bialasiewicz@cudenver.edu; eduard_muljadi@nrel.gov NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0278-0046 J9 IEEE T IND ELECTRON JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1137 EP 1143 DI 10.1109/TIE.2006.878320 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 070VQ UT WOS:000239554200015 ER PT J AU Kargupta, H Park, BH Dutta, H AF Kargupta, H Park, BH Dutta, H TI Orthogonal decision trees SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE orthogonal decision trees; redundancy free trees; principle component analysis; Fourier transform AB This paper introduces orthogonal decision trees that offer an effective way to construct a redundancy-free, accurate, and meaningful representation of large decision-tree-ensembles often created by popular techniques such as Bagging, Boosting, Random Forests, and many distributed and data stream mining algorithms. Orthogonal decision trees are functionally orthogonal to each other and they correspond to the principal components of the underlying function space. This paper offers a technique to construct such trees based on the Fourier transformation of decision trees and eigen-analysis of the ensemble in the Fourier representation. It offers experimental results to document the performance of orthogonal trees on the grounds of accuracy and model complexity. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kargupta, H (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM hillol@csee.umbc.edu; parkbh@ornl.gov; hdutta1@csee.umbc.edu NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1041-4347 J9 IEEE T KNOWL DATA EN JI IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1028 EP 1042 DI 10.1109/TKDE.2006.127 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 053HX UT WOS:000238297300003 ER PT J AU Schwank, JR Paillet, P Felix, JA Autran, JL AF Schwank, James R. Paillet, Philippe Felix, James A. Autran, Jean-Luc TI Selected Papers from the 2005 Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS) Conference - Palais des Congres, Cap d'Agde, France, September 19-23,2005 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. CEA, DIF, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. CNRS, L2MP, F-13384 Marseille, France. RP Schwank, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-1083, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM schwanjr@sandia.gov; philippe.paillet@cea.fr; jafelix@sandia.gov; autran@radecs.org RI Autran, Jean-Luc/A-8538-2010 OI Autran, Jean-Luc/0000-0001-9893-014X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1752 EP 1752 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.880556 PN 1 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 080JD UT WOS:000240242800001 ER PT J AU Schwank, JR Shaneyfelt, MR Felix, JA Dodd, PE Baggio, J Ferlet-Cavrois, V Paillet, P Hash, GL Flores, RS Massengill, LW Blackmore, E AF Schwank, J. R. Shaneyfelt, M. R. Felix, J. A. Dodd, P. E. Baggio, J. Ferlet-Cavrois, V. Paillet, P. Hash, G. L. Flores, R. S. Massengill, L. W. Blackmore, E. TI Effects of total dose irradiation on single-event upset hardness SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 19-23, 2005 CL Cap d Agde, FRANCE SP Univ Montpellier II DE hardness assurance; proton irradiation; single-event upset ID SHALLOW-TRENCH ISOLATION; CMOS SRAMS; SENSITIVITY AB The effect of total dose on SEU hardness is investigated as a function of temperature and power supply voltage to determine worst-case hardness assurance test conditions for space environments. SRAMs from six different vendors were characterized for single-event upset (SEU) hardness at proton energies from 20 to 500 MeV and at temperatures of 25 and 80 degrees C after total dose irradiating the SRAMs with either protons, Co-60 gamma rays, or low-energy x-rays. It is shown that total dose irradiation and the memory pattern written to the memory array during total dose irradiation and SEU characterization can substantially affect SEU hardness for some SRAMs. For one SRAM, the memory pattern made more than two orders of magnitude difference in SEU cross section at the highest total dose level examined. For all SRAMs investigated, the memory pattern that led to the largest increase in SEU cross section was the same memory pattern that led to the maximum increase in total-dose induced power supply leakage current. In addition, it is shown that increasing; the temperature during SEU characterization can also increase the effect of to I tal dose on SEU hardness. As a result, worst-case SEU hardness assurance test conditions are the maximum total dose and temperature of the system environment, and the minimum operating voltage of the SRAM. Possible screens for determining whether or not the SEU cross section of an SRAM will vary with total dose, based on the magnitude of the increase in power supply leakage current with total dose or the variation in SEU cross section with power supply voltage, have been suggested. In contrast to previous works, our results using selective area x-ray irradiations show that the source of the effect of total dose on SEU hardness is radiation-induced leakage currents in the memory cells. The increase in SEU cross section with total dose appears to be consistent with radiation I induced currents originating in the memory cells affecting the output bias levels of bias level shift circuitry used to control the voltage levels to the memory cells and/or due to the lowering of the noise margin of individual memory cells caused by radiation-induced leakage currents. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. CEA, DIF, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. RP Schwank, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM schwanjr@sandia.gov NR 9 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1772 EP 1778 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.877896 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 080JD UT WOS:000240242800005 ER PT J AU McMorrow, D Buchner, S Baze, M Bartholet, B Katz, R O'Bryan, M Poivey, C LaBel, KA Ladbury, R Maher, M Sexton, FW AF McMorrow, Dale Buchner, Stephen Baze, Mark Bartholet, Bill Katz, Richard O'Bryan, Martha Poivey, Christian LaBel, Kenneth A. Ladbury, Ray Maher, Mike Sexton, Fred W. TI Laser-Induced latchup screening and mitigation in CMOS devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 19-23, 2005 CL Cap d Agde, FRANCE SP Univ Montpellier II DE CMOS; laser; latchup; micro-latchup; picosecond; single-event effects; single-event latchup (SEL) ID SINGLE-EVENT UPSET; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; PULSED-LASER; THROUGH-WAFER AB The application of the pulsed laser approach for identifying latch-up sensitive regions in CMOS circuitry is described. The utility of this approach for preliminary latchup screening of both COTS and space-qualified parts for applications in radiation environments is described. An application of hardening-by-design principles in which a space-qualified CMOS product is modified, based on the pulsed laser results, to be latchup immune, is presented in detail. The design modifications are described. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, QSS Grp Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Boeing Co, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. NASA, Off Log Design, Greenbelt, MD USA. NASA, MEI Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Natl Semicond Corp, Portland, ME 04106 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP McMorrow, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mcmorrow@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1819 EP 1824 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.880929 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 080JD UT WOS:000240242800012 ER PT J AU Piet, AS Bourdarie, S Boscher, D Friedel, RHW AF Piet, A. Sicard Bourdarie, S. Boscher, D. Friedel, R. H. W. TI A model for the geostationary electron environment: POLE, from 30 keV to 5.2 MeV SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 19-23, 2005 CL Cap d Agde, FRANCE SP Univ Montpellier II DE electrons; electron data; electron radiation effects; modeling; space radiation effects; space vehicle reliability ID RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS AB In 2003, a model for the geostationary electron environment: POLE (Particle ONERA-LANL Environment) has been developed at ONERA/DESP. This model is based on the full-complement of Los Alamos National Laboratory geostationary satellites, covers the period 1976-2001 and is valid from 30 keV up to 2.5 MeV and takes into account the solar cycle variation. Over the period 1976 to present, three different detectors were flown: CPA (Charged Particle Analyzer), SOPA (Synchronous Orbit Particle Analyzer) and ESP (Energetic Spectra for Particles). The first two were studied to develop the first version of POLE (up to 2.5 MeV). Here, in order to extend the energy coverage of the model, we analyze the data of the third detector: ESP, where the electron detection covers the range 0.7 MeV-25.8 MeV. The new version thus obtained cover energies from 30 keV up to 5.2 MeV. C1 CNES, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, Dept Environm Spatial, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Piet, AS (reprint author), CNES, F-31400 Toulouse, France. EM angelica.sicardpiet@stage.cnes.fr; Sebastien.Bourdarie@onecert.fr; Daniel.Boscher@onecert.fr; friedel@lanl.gov RI Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012 OI Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1844 EP 1850 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.877878 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 080JD UT WOS:000240242800016 ER PT J AU Shaneyfelt, MR Maher, MC Camilletti, RC Schwank, JR Pease, RL Russell, BA Dodd, PE AF Shaneyfelt, Marty R. Maher, Michael C. Camilletti, Robert C. Schwank, James R. Pease, Ronald L. Russell, Brian A. Dodd, Paul E. TI Elimination of enhanced low-dose-rate sensitivity in linear bipolar devices using silicon-carbide passivation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 19-23, 2005 CL Cap d Agde, FRANCE SP Univ Montpellier II DE enhanced low-dose-rate sensitivity (ELDRS); hardness assurance testing; integrated circuit reliability; integrated circuit testing; linear bipolar integrated circuits; mechanical stress; passivation layers; pre-irradiation elevated temperature stress; radiation effects; radiation hardening (electronics); radiation response; reliability screens; silicon carbide; thermal cycling; thermal stress effects ID MICROCIRCUITS; LAYERS; ELDRS; ICS AB The type of final chip passivation layer used to fabricate linear bipolar circuits can have a major impact on the total dose hardness of some circuits. It is demonstrated that National Semiconductor Corporation linear bipolar devices fabricated with only an amorphous silicon carbide passivation layer do not exhibit enhanced low-dose-rate sensitivity (ELDRS), while devices from the same production lot fabricated with other types of passivation layers are ELDRS sensitive. SiC passivation possesses mechanical, electrical and chemical properties that make it compatible with linear device fabrication processes. These properties of SiC passivation layers, combined with the excellent radiation response of devices passivated with SiC, make SiC passivation layers a very attractive choice for devices packaged in either ceramic or plastic-encapsulated packages for use in space environments. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Natl Semicond Corp, Portland, ME 04106 USA. Dow Corning Corp, Midland, MI 48686 USA. RLP Res, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. RP Shaneyfelt, MR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM shaneymr@sandia.gov NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 53 IS 4 BP 2027 EP 2032 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.877981 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 080JD UT WOS:000240242800043 ER PT J AU Votava, M AF Votava, Margaret TI BTeV trigger/DAQ innovations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE data acquisition; large-scale systems; real time systems; triggering AB BTeV was a proposed high-energy physics (HEP) collider experiment designed for the study of B-physics and CP Violation at the Tevatron at Fermilab. BTeV included a large-scale, high-speed trigger and data acquisition (DAQ) system, reading data from the detector at 500 Gbyte/s and writing data to mass storage at a rate of 200 Mbyte/s. The design of the trigger/DAQ system was innovative while remaining realistic in terms of technical feasibility, schedule and cost. This paper will give an overview of the BTeV tiigger/DAQ architecture, highlight some of the technical challenges, and describe the approach that was used to solve these challenges. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Votava, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM Votava@fnal.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 53 IS 4 BP 2124 EP 2130 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.878795 PN 2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 080JE UT WOS:000240242900006 ER PT J AU dos Anjos, A Armstrong, S Baines, JTM Beck, HP Bee, CP Biglietti, M Bogaerts, JA Bosman, M Burckhart, D Caprini, M Caron, B Casado, P Cataldi, G Cavalli, D Ciobotaru, M Comune, G Conde, P Corso-Radu, A Crone, G Damazio, D de Santo, A Diaz-Gomez, M Di Mattia, A Dobson, M Ellis, N Emeliyanov, D Epp, B Falciano, S Ferrari, R Francis, D Gadomski, S Gameiro, S Garitaonandia, H George, S Ghete, V Goncalo, R Gorini, B Gruwe, M Haeberli, C Haller, J Joos, M Kabana, S Kazarov, A Khomich, A Kilvington, G Kirk, J Kolos, S Konstantinidis, N Kootz, A Lankford, A Lehmann, G Lowe, A Luminari, L Maeno, T Masik, J Meirosu, C Meessen, C Mello, AG Moore, R Morettini, P Negri, A Nikitin, N Nisati, A Osuna, C Padilla, C Panikashvili, N Parodi, F Pasqualucci, E Reale, VP Petersen, J Pinfold, JL Pinto, P Qian, Z Resconi, S Rosati, S Sanchez, C Santamarina, C Scannicchio, DA Schiavi, C Segura, E Seixas, JM Sivoklokov, S Sloper, J Sobreira, A Soloviev, I Soluk, R Stancu, S Stefanidis, E Sushkov, S Sutton, M Tapprogge, S Tarem, S Thomas, E Touchard, F Tremblet, L Unel, G Usai, G Vandelli, W Pinto, BV Ventura, A Vercesi, V Wengler, T Werner, P Wheeler, SJ Wickens, FJ Wiedenmann, W Wielers, M Wiesmann, M Yasu, Y Zobernig, G AF dos Anjos, A. Armstrong, S. Baines, J. T. M. Beck, H. P. Bee, C. P. Biglietti, M. Bogaerts, J. A. Bosman, M. Burckhart, D. Caprini, M. Caron, B. Casado, P. Cataldi, G. Cavalli, D. Ciobotaru, M. Comune, G. Conde, P. Corso-Radu, A. Crone, G. Damazio, D. de Santo, A. Diaz-Gomez, M. Di Mattia, A. Dobson, M. Ellis, N. Emeliyanov, D. Epp, B. Falciano, S. Ferrari, R. Francis, D. Gadomski, S. Gameiro, S. Garitaonandia, H. George, S. Ghete, V. Goncalo, R. Gorini, B. Gruwe, M. Haeberli, C. Haller, J. Joos, M. Kabana, S. Kazarov, A. Khomich, A. Kilvington, G. Kirk, J. Kolos, S. Konstantinidis, N. Kootz, A. Lankford, A. Lehmann, G. Lowe, A. Luminari, L. Maeno, T. Masik, J. Meirosu, C. Meessen, C. Mello, A. G. Moore, R. Morettini, P. Negri, A. Nikitin, N. Nisati, A. Osuna, C. Padilla, C. Panikashvili, N. Parodi, F. Pasqualucci, E. Reale, V. Perez Petersen, J. Pinfold, J. L. Pinto, P. Qian, Z. Resconi, S. Rosati, S. Sanchez, C. Santamarina, C. Scannicchio, D. A. Schiavi, C. Segura, E. Seixas, J. M. Sivoklokov, S. Sloper, J. Sobreira, A. Soloviev, I. Soluk, R. Stancu, S. Stefanidis, E. Sushkov, S. Sutton, M. Tapprogge, S. Tarem, S. Thomas, E. Touchard, F. Tremblet, L. Unel, G. Usai, G. Vandelli, W. Pinto, B. Venda Ventura, A. Vercesi, V. Wengler, T. Werner, P. Wheeler, S. J. Wickens, F. J. Wiedenmann, W. Wielers, M. Wiesmann, M. Yasu, Y. Zobernig, G. TI Deployment of the ATLAS high-level trigger SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cluster; high-energy physics; high-level triggers; software integration; testbeam; triggering AB The ATLAS combined test beam in the second half of 2004 saw the first deployment of the ATLAS High-Level Trigger (HLT). The next steps are deployment on the pre-series farms in the experimental area during 2005, commissioning and cosmics tests with the full detector in 2006 and collisions in 2007. This paper reviews the experience gained in the test beam, describes the current status and discusses the further enhancements to be made. We address issues related to the dataflow, integration of selection algorithms, testing, software distribution, installation and improvements. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Bern, High Energy Phys Lab, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Univ Aix Marseille 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Phys Particules Marseille, F-13284 Marseille 07, France. Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Fis, Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Bucharest, Romania. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Univ Lecce, Dipartimento Fis, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Politehn Bucuresti, Bucharest, Romania. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Univ London, Dept Phys, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Univ Geneva, Sect Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, Innsbruck, Austria. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis Nucl & Teor, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina, Russia. Univ Mannheim, Lehrstuhl Informat 5, Mannheim, Germany. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92664 USA. Berg Univ Wuppertal, Fachbereich Phys, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, COPPE, EE, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Pisa, Italy. Univ Lisbon, CFNUL, Fac Ciencias, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92664 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP dos Anjos, A (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Conde Muino, Patricia/F-7696-2011; Santamarina Rios, Cibran/K-4686-2014; Bosman, Martine/J-9917-2014; Ventura, Andrea/A-9544-2015; Casado, Pilar/H-1484-2015; OI Goncalo, Jose/0000-0002-3826-3442; Conde Muino, Patricia/0000-0002-9187-7478; Santamarina Rios, Cibran/0000-0002-9810-1816; Bosman, Martine/0000-0002-7290-643X; Ventura, Andrea/0000-0002-3368-3413; Casado, Pilar/0000-0002-0394-5646; Chromek-Burckhart, Doris/0000-0003-4243-3288; Cataldi, Gabriella/0000-0001-8066-7718; Nisati, Aleandro/0000-0002-5080-2293; Beck, Hans Peter/0000-0001-7212-1096 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 53 IS 4 BP 2144 EP 2149 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.878449 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 080JE UT WOS:000240242900009 ER PT J AU Gadomski, S Abolins, M Alexandrov, I Amorim, A Padilla-Aranda, C Badescu, E Barros, N Beck, HP Blair, R Burckhart-Chromek, D Caprini, M Ciobotaru, M Conde-Muino, P Corso-Radu, A Di Girolamo, B Diaz-Gomez, M Dobinson, R Dobson, M Ferrari, R Ferrer, ML Francis, D Gameiro, S Gorini, B Gruwe, M Haas, S Haeberli, C Hauser, R Hughes-Jones, R Joos, M Kazarov, A Klose, D Kolos, S Kotov, V Lehmann, G Mapelli, L Martin, B McLaren, R Meirosu, C Mineev, M Negri, A Pasqualucci, E Perez-Reale, V Petersen, J Prigent, D Ryabov, Y Sanchez, C Santamarina-Rios, C Schlereth, J Sloper, JE Soloviev, I Stancu, S Tremblet, L Unel, G Vandelli, W Werner, P Wheeler, S Wiesmann, M Yasu, Y AF Gadomski, S. Abolins, M. Alexandrov, I. Amorim, A. Padilla-Aranda, C. Badescu, E. Barros, N. Beck, H. P. Blair, R. Burckhart-Chromek, D. Caprini, M. Ciobotaru, M. Conde-Muino, P. Corso-Radu, A. Di Girolamo, B. Diaz-Gomez, M. Dobinson, R. Dobson, M. Ferrari, R. Ferrer, M. L. Francis, D. Gameiro, S. Gorini, B. Gruwe, M. Haas, S. Haeberli, C. Hauser, R. Hughes-Jones, R. Joos, M. Kazarov, A. Klose, D. Kolos, S. Kotov, V. Lehmann, G. Mapelli, L. Martin, B. McLaren, R. Meirosu, C. Mineev, M. Negri, A. Pasqualucci, E. Perez-Reale, V. Petersen, J. Prigent, D. Ryabov, Y. Sanchez, C. Santamarina-Rios, C. Schlereth, J. Sloper, J. E. Soloviev, I. Stancu, S. Tremblet, L. Unel, G. Vandelli, W. Werner, P. Wheeler, S. Wiesmann, M. Yasu, Y. TI Deployment and use of the ATLAS DAQ in the combined test beam SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM; TRIGGER AB The ATLAS collaboration at CERN operated a combined test beam (CTB) from May until November 2004. The prototype of ATLAS data acquisition system (DAQ) was used to integrate other subsystems into a common CTB setup. Data were collected synchronously from all the ATLAS detectors, which represented nine different detector technologies. Electronics and software of the first level trigger were used to trigger the setup. Event selection algorithms of the high level trigger were integrated with the system and were tested with real detector data. The possibility to operate a remote Event Filter farm synchronized with the ATLAS Trigger and Data Acquisition System (TDAQ) was also tested. Event data, as well as detector conditions data, were made available for offline analysis. C1 Univ Bern, High Energy Phys Lab, Bern, Switzerland. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Inst Atom Phys, Bucharest, Romania. Univ Bucharest, Fac Phys, Bucharest, Romania. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina, Russia. Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Dubna, Russia. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Univ Lisbon, CFNUL, FCUL, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Manchester, Dept Phys & Astron, Manchester, Lancs, England. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis Nucl & Teor, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Geneva, Sect Phys, Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. RP Gadomski, S (reprint author), Univ Bern, High Energy Phys Lab, Bern, Switzerland. EM szymon.gadomski@cern.ch RI Amorim, Antonio/C-8460-2013; Conde Muino, Patricia/F-7696-2011; Santamarina Rios, Cibran/K-4686-2014; Barros, Nuno/O-1921-2016; OI Conde Muino, Patricia/0000-0002-9187-7478; Santamarina Rios, Cibran/0000-0002-9810-1816; Barros, Nuno/0000-0002-1192-0705; Amorim, Antonio/0000-0003-0638-2321; Beck, Hans Peter/0000-0001-7212-1096 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 53 IS 4 BP 2156 EP 2161 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.878290 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 080JE UT WOS:000240242900011 ER PT J AU Wang, M Wu, JY AF Wang, Michael Wu, Jin Yuan CA BTev Collaboration TI A commodity solution based high data rate asynchronous trigger system for hadron collider experiments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE data acquisition; elementary particles; real time systems AB We show how commodity CPU, networking and memory components greatly simplify a sophisticated trigger system designed for the demanding environment of a high data rate hadron collider experiment operating at 2 x 10(32) cm(-2)s(-1). The trigger system is based on an 8-fold way, 3-level architecture capable of processing over 22 million data channels at a crossing rate of 2.5 MHz with a mean value of 6 interactions per crossing. Although originally designed for a B-physics experiment at the Tevatron, the flexible and highly scalable nature of the design should also be relevant to other next generation hadron collider experiments such as those at the LHC. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Wang, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM mwang@fnal.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 53 IS 4 BP 2173 EP 2178 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.877761 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 080JE UT WOS:000240242900014 ER PT J AU Mengesha, W Mascarenhas, N Peel, J Sunnarborg, D AF Mengesha, W. Mascarenhas, N. Peel, J. Sunnarborg, D. TI Modeling of a directional scintillating fiber detector for 14 MeV neutrons SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE directional fiber detector; GEANT4; neutron; scintillating fiber AB The GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulation tool was used to model a prototype 14 MeV neutron fiber detector. Detail features of the prototype were implemented in the modeling to assess the directionality and detector performance. The prototype was built using plastic fibers consisting of a core scintillating material and an acrylic outer cladding. A total of 64 square fibers were used in parallel with a fiber pitch of 2.3 mm. Recoil protons scattered by an incident mono-directional 14 MeV neutrons were tracked to enable reconstruction of a two-dimensional (2-D) direction of the incident neutrons. Simple kinematics of neutron scattering together with a backprojection technique was implemented. Reconstructed direction has a peak with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 10 degrees and rests on a pedestal of uniform counts. Results from the present GEANT4 simulation have demonstrated promising directionality of a prototype scintillating fiber detector. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Mengesha, W (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM wmenges@sandia.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 53 IS 4 BP 2233 EP 2237 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.877855 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 080JE UT WOS:000240242900024 ER PT J AU Moss, CE Hollas, CL McKinney, GW Myers, WL AF Moss, C. E. Hollas, C. L. McKinney, G. W. Myers, W. L. TI Comparison of active interrogation techniques SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE active interrogation techniques; bremsstrahlung; Monte Carlo accelerators; neutron generators AB Active interrogation is necessary to detect highly enriched uranium in large cargo containers and trucks. To achieve sufficient penetration, most nuclear techniques first interrogate an object with high-energy photons or neutrons, to produce fission in any highly enriched uranium that may be present, and then detect the gamma rays or neutrons that are produced. Pulsed beams allow the detection of delayed gamma rays or neutrons from fission products between pulses. Many different systems have been proposed recently. This report presents the results for several techniques, both from measurements and from extensive simulations with the MCNPX code. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Moss, CE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cmoss@lanl.gov; chollas@lanl.gov; gwm@lanl.gov; bmyers@lanl.gov NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 53 IS 4 BP 2242 EP 2246 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.877856 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 080JE UT WOS:000240242900026 ER PT J AU Galea, R Dodd, J Ju, Y Leltchouk, M Willis, W Rehak, P Tcherniatine, V Buzulutskov, A Pavlyuchenko, D AF Galea, R. Dodd, J. Ju, Y. Leltchouk, M. Willis, W. Rehak, P. Tcherniatine, V. Buzulutskov, A. Pavlyuchenko, D. TI Gas purity effect on GEM performance in he and ne at low temperatures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cryogenic noble gases; electron bubble; gas electron multiplier; helium; neon; Penning mixtures ID HYDROGEN; HELIUM AB The performance of Gas Electron Multipliers (GEMS) in gaseous He, Ne, He+H-2 and Ne+H-2 was studied at temperatures in the range of 3-293 K. This paper reports on previously published measurements and additional studies on the effects of the purity of the gases in which the GEM performance is evaluated. In He, at temperatures between 77 and 293 K, triple-GEM structures operate at rather high gains, exceeding 1000. There is an indication that this high gain is achieved through the Penning effect as a result of impurities in the gas. At lower temperatures the gain-voltage characteristics are significantly modified probably due to the freeze-out of these impurities. Double-GEM and single-GEM structures can operate down to 3 K at gains reaching only several tens at a gas density of about 0.5 g/l; at higher densities the maximum gain drops further. In Ne, the maximum gain also drops at cryogenic temperatures. The gain drop in Ne at low temperatures can be re-established in Penning mixtures of Ne+H-2: very high gains, exceeding 10(4), have been obtained in these mixtures at 30-77 K, at a density of 9.2 g/l which corresponds to saturated Ne vapor density at 27 K. The addition of small amounts of H-2 in He also re-establishes large GEM gains above 30 K but no gain was observed in He+H-2 at 4 K and a density of 1.7 g/l (corresponding to roughly one-tenth of the saturated vapor density). These studies are, in part, being pursued in the development of two-phase He and Ne detectors for solar neutrino detection. C1 Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, New York, NY 10027 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. RP Galea, R (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM galea@nevis.columbia.edu NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 53 IS 4 BP 2260 EP 2263 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.875699 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 080JE UT WOS:000240242900029 ER PT J AU Morris, S Pratt, R Hughes, M Kouzes, R Pitts, K Robinson, E AF Morris, Scott Pratt, Richard Hughes, Michael Kouzes, Richard Pitts, Karl Robinson, Eric TI DVD based electronic pulser SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pulse generation; radiation detector circuits AB This paper describes the design, construction, and testing of a digital versatile disc (DVD) based electronic pulser system (DVDEPS). Such a device is used to generate pulse streams for simulation of both gamma and neutron detector systems. The DVDEPS reproduces a random pulse stream of a full high purity germanium (HPGe) spectrum as well as a digital pulse stream representing the output of a neutron multiplicity detector. The exchangeable DVD media contains over an hour of data for both detector systems and can contain an arbitrary gamma spectrum and neutron pulse stream. The data is written to the DVD using a desktop computer program from either real or simulated spectra. The targeted use of the DVDEPS is authentication or validation of monitoring equipment for non-proliferation purposes, but it is also of general use in a variety of sitiuations. The DVD based pulser combines the storage capacity and simplicity of DVD technology with commonly available electronic components to build a relatively inexpensive yet highly capable testing instrument. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Morris, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM morris.scott@pnl.gov; rmpratt@pnl.gov; rnichael.hughes@pnl.gov; richard.kouzes@pnl.gov; karl.pitts@pnl.gov; eric.robinson@pnl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 53 IS 4 BP 2303 EP 2307 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.877859 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 080JE UT WOS:000240242900036 ER PT J AU Goedeke, SM Hollerman, WA Allison, SW Gray, PA Lewis, LA Smithwick, RW Boatner, LA Glasgow, DC Ivanov, IN Wise, H AF Goedeke, S. M. Hollerman, W. A. Allison, S. W. Gray, P. A. Lewis, L. A. Smithwick, R. W., III Boatner, L. A. Glasgow, D. C. Ivanov, I. N. Wise, H. TI Cathodoluminescence emission studies for selected phosphor-based sensor materials SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cathodoluminescence; radiation damage; yttrium phosphors ID ELECTRON-MICROPROBE ANALYSIS; VUV SCINTILLATION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; LUPO4-ND AB The current interest in returning to the Moon and Mars by 2030 makes cost effective and low mass health monitoring sensors essential for spacecraft development. In space, there are many surface measurements that are required to monitor the condition of the spacecraft including: surface temperature, radiation dose, and impact. Through the use of phosphors, these conditions can be monitored. Practical space-based phosphor sensors will depend heavily upon research investigating the resistance of phosphors to ionizing radiation and the ability to anneal or self-heal from damage caused by ionizing radiation. The cathodoluminescence (CL) testing was performed using the low energy electron system located at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama. For the materials tested, several interesting results were observed. For most materials, increases in both beam energy and current density improved the CL fluorescence yield. It was also noted that YAG:Nd,Ce has the greatest near infrared intensity for any of the tested materials. The evaluation of dopant concentration in YPO4:Nd showed minimal differences in spectral shape and intensity. While the total electron dose was small, the intention was to maximize the number of irradiated materials. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Phys, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. Integrated Concepts & Res Corp, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. RP Goedeke, SM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM goedekesm@ornl.gov; hollerman@louisiana.edu RI Hollerman, William/F-5943-2011; ivanov, ilia/D-3402-2015; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013; OI ivanov, ilia/0000-0002-6726-2502; Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594; Allison, Stephen/0000-0002-5887-5403 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 53 IS 4 BP 2398 EP 2403 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.878576 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 080JE UT WOS:000240242900048 ER PT J AU Yu, B Beuttenmuller, R Chen, W Elliott, DC Li, Z Mead, JA Radeka, V Vazquez, ME Brown, KA Rusek, A AF Yu, B. Beuttenmuller, R. Chen, W. Elliott, D. C. Li, Z. Mead, J. A. Radeka, V. Vazquez, M. E. Brown, K. A. Rusek, A. TI A novel 2-D position sensitive silicon detector with micron resolution for heavy ion tracking SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE heavy ion beam; silicon radiation detectors; two-dimensional (2-D) position sensitive particle detectors AB A new 2-D position sensitive silicon detector for tracking of energetic heavy ions is under development in a program to study the radiation effect within a single human cell. The detector is based on a concept of interleaved pixel electrodes arranged in a projective 2-D strip readout (stripixel). A fine position resolution in the sub-micron range can be achieved by determining the centroid of the charge collected on pixel electrodes with a granularity in the range of 10 mu m. Beam test results with 1 GeV/n Fe ions have demonstrated an rms position resolution of about 0.5 mu m with a 30 mu m pixel pitch. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yu, B (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM yu@bnl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 53 IS 4 BP 2416 EP 2420 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.879164 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 080JE UT WOS:000240242900051 ER PT J AU Re, V Manghisoni, M Ratti, L Hoff, J Mekkaoui, A Yarema, R AF Re, Valerio Manghisoni, Massimo Ratti, Lodovico Hoff, Jim Mekkaoui, Abderrezak Yarema, Ray TI FSSR2, a self-triggered low noise readout chip for silicon strip detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CMOS; front-end electronics; noise; silicon strip detectors ID SUBMICRON CMOS TECHNOLOGIES; LHC EXPERIMENTS; FRONT-END; CIRCUITS; DEVICES; BTEV AB The FSSR2 is the second release of the Fermilab Silicon Strip Readout Chip. The chip has been designed and fabricated in a 0.25 mu m CMOS technology for high radiation tolerance. The first release, simply called the FSSR, was a prototype version with many different analog front-end configurations. The best solution was chosen for the FSSR2 chip to optimize the noise, according to criteria discussed in this paper. The FSSR2 has been designed for the silicon strip detectors. of the BTeV experiment. The chip services 128 strips and provides address, time and magnitude information for all hits. Several, programmable features are included in FSSR2, such as an internal pulser, a baseline restorer and a signal peaking time selectable among four values in the range between 65 ns and 125 us. The circuit design and the performance of FSSR2 are discussed in this paper. C1 Univ Bergamo, Dipartimento Ingn Ind, I-24044 Dalmine, BG, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Elettr, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Re, V (reprint author), Univ Bergamo, Dipartimento Ingn Ind, I-24044 Dalmine, BG, Italy. EM valerio.re@unibg.it; lodovico.ratti@unipv.it; yarema@fnal.gov RI Ratti, Lodovico/I-8836-2012; OI RATTI, LODOVICO/0000-0003-1906-1076; Re, Valerio/0000-0003-0697-3420; Manghisoni, Massimo/0000-0001-5559-0894 NR 13 TC 19 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 53 IS 4 BP 2470 EP 2476 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.877858 PN 2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 080JE UT WOS:000240242900060 ER PT J AU Oehmen, C Nieplocha, J AF Oehmen, Christopher Nieplocha, Jarek TI ScalaBLAST: A scalable implementation of BLAST for high-performance data-intensive bioinformatics analysis SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE high-performance sequence alignment; BLAST; global arrays ID SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; PSI-BLAST; SEARCH; DATABASES; ALGORITHM; CLUSTERS; GENES AB Genes in an organism's DNA ( genome) have embedded in them information about proteins, which are the molecules that do most of a cell's work. A typical bacterial genome contains on the order of 5,000 genes. Mammalian genomes can contain tens of thousands of genes. For each genome sequenced, the challenge is to identify protein components ( proteome) being actively used for a given set of conditions. Fundamentally, sequence alignment is a sequence matching problem focused on unlocking protein information embedded in the genetic code, making it possible to assemble a "tree of life" by comparing new sequences against all sequences from known organisms. But, the memory footprint of sequence data is growing more rapidly than per-node core memory. Despite years of research and development, high-performance sequence alignment applications either do not scale well, cannot accommodate very large databases in core, or require special hardware. We have developed a high-performance sequence alignment application, ScalaBLAST, which accommodates very large databases and which scales linearly to as many as thousands of processors on both distributed memory and shared memory architectures, representing a substantial improvement over the current state-of-the-art in high-performance sequence alignment with scaling and portability. ScalaBLAST relies on a collection of techniques-distributing the target database over available memory, multilevel parallelism to exploit concurrency, parallel I/O, and latency hiding through data prefetching-to achieve high-performance and scalability. This demonstrated approach of database sharing combined with effective task scheduling should have broad ranging applications to other informatics-driven sciences. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Oehmen, C (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,MSIN K7-90, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Christopher.Oehmen@pnl.gov; Jarek.Nieplocha@pnl.gov NR 35 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 8 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1045-9219 J9 IEEE T PARALL DISTR JI IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 17 IS 8 BP 740 EP 749 DI 10.1109/TPDS.2006.112 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 055WP UT WOS:000238481900002 ER PT J AU Li, MK Sethi, IK AF Li, Mingkun Sethi, Ishwar K. TI Confidence-based active learning SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE active learning; error estimation; pattern classification; support vector machines ID PATTERN-RECOGNITION; ALGORITHM; CHOICE AB This paper proposes a new active learning approach, confidence- based active learning, for training a wide range of classifiers. This approach is based on identifying and annotating uncertain samples. The uncertainty value of each sample is measured by its conditional error. The approach takes advantage of current classifiers' probability preserving and ordering properties. It calibrates the output scores of classifiers to conditional error. Thus, it can estimate the uncertainty value for each input sample according to its output score from a classifier and select only samples with uncertainty value above a user- defined threshold. Even though we cannot guarantee the optimality of the proposed approach, we find it to provide good performance. Compared with existing methods, this approach is robust without additional computational effort. A new active learning method for support vector machines ( SVMs) is implemented following this approach. A dynamic bin width allocation method is proposed to accurately estimate sample conditional error and this method adapts to the underlying probabilities. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated using synthetic and real data sets and its performance is compared with the widely used least certain active learning method. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Oakland Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. RP Li, MK (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, DOE Joint Genome Inst, 2800 Mitchell Dr, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM mli@lbl.gov; isethi@oakland.edu NR 40 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 15 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0162-8828 EI 1939-3539 J9 IEEE T PATTERN ANAL JI IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1251 EP 1261 DI 10.1109/TPAMI.2006.156 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 051LK UT WOS:000238162400007 PM 16886861 ER PT J AU Theodore, ND Holloway, BC Manos, DM Moore, R Hernandez, C Wang, T Dylla, HF AF Theodore, Nimel D. Holloway, Brian C. Manos, Dennis M. Moore, Richard Hernandez, Carlos Wang, Tong Dylla, H. Frederick TI Nitrogen-implanted silicon oxynitride: A coating for suppressing field emission from stainless steel used in high-voltage applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electron emission; electron guns; ion implantation; plasma materials processing applications ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ELECTRONS; DEVICES; FILMS AB In this paper, the authors examine the field emission performance of stainless steel polished to varying degrees, both before and after being coated with a nitrogen-implanted silicon oxynitride layer. The deposition procedure utilizes the simultaneous sputtering of silicon dioxide from a dielectric quartz window and ion implantation of nitrogen from an RF inductively coupled plasma. Here, the scanning field emission microscopy results indicate that prior to being coated, the number of emission sites increased drastically from 12 to more than 300 as the surface roughness increased from 4 to 64 nm, corresponding to polishing with 1-mu m diamond paste to 15-mu m (600 grit) silicon carbide paper. However, after being coated with nitrogen-implanted silicon oxynitride, all the samples displayed zero to five emission sites at electric field strengths at least three times higher than the uncoated stainless samples. Thus, neither the roughness of the underlying stainless steel nor that of the top surface of the coating had an effect on suppressing field emission. Depth profiling using Auger electron spectroscopy determined that the 0.24-mu m-thick silicon oxynitride coating contained approximately 15% nitrogen. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of a coated silicon wafer confirmed this stoichiometry and bonding. The technical impact of this work is that coating the large contoured stainless steel surfaces with a nitrogen-implanted silicon oxynitride layer may eliminate the need for expensive labor-intensive polishing procedures currently used in high-voltage electrode structures, such as those found in electron injectors. C1 Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. Luna Innovat Inc, Luna nanoWorks Div, Danville, VA 24543 USA. Univ Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY 12203 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Theodore, ND (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. EM ndtheo@wm.edu; hollowayb@lunainnovations.com; dmanos@wm.edu; rmoore@uamail.albany.edu; chgarcia@jlab.org NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1074 EP 1079 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.877630 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 076RR UT WOS:000239975900005 ER PT J AU Albrigt, BJ Bowers, KJ AF Albrigt, Brian J. Bowers, Kevin J. TI Spurious ionization from noise in kinetic particle simulations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ionization; level-crossing statistics; particlein in-cell simulation; short-pulse lasers ID HIGH-INTENSITY LASER; FAST IGNITION; PROTON-BEAMS; ACCELERATION; PLASMA; FIELD AB The inclusion of field ionization models in kinetic plasma simulations is desired in several applications. The ionization rates in these models are sensitive to noise in the electric field; however, and in some cases, spurious "numerical" ionization may dominate the physical ionization. In this paper, analytic ionization rates are obtained as a function of the noise spectrum of the electric field. These expressions have applicability to several settings, including colored noise, as are obtained from digital filters. As such, they provide a means for quantitatively assessing the efficacy of candidate noise mitigation schemes, such as increasing the computational particle number, temporally averaging the electric field, or applying more sophisticated digital filtering techniques. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. DE Shaw Res LLC, New York, NY 10036 USA. RP Albrigt, BJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM balbright@lanl.gov OI Albright, Brian/0000-0002-7789-6525 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1503 EP 1507 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.876487 PN 3 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 076RX UT WOS:000239976500002 ER PT J AU Schneider, K Liu, CC Paul, JP AF Schneider, Kevin Liu, Chen-Ching Paul, Jean-Philippe TI Assessment of interactions between power and telecommunications infrastructures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Petri nets (PNs); power system communication; power system modeling; power systems ID PETRI NETS AB The modern power infrastructure has evolved from small isolated circuits into an expansive interconnected system that is dependant on multiple supporting infrastructures. One of the most significant and potentially detrimental supporting infrastructures to interact with power systems is telecommunications. Currently, there are no established analytic techniques that enable system operators or planners to analyze the interactions that occur at the seam between these two infrastructures. This. paper presents a method for analyzing and assessing events that occur at the interface of the power and telecommunications infrastructures. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ames, IA USA. RTE, Methods & Support Dept, F-78000 Versailles, France. RP Schneider, K (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM kevin.schneider@pnl.gov; liu@iastate.edu; jean-philippe.paul@rte-france.com NR 19 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8950 J9 IEEE T POWER SYST JI IEEE Trans. Power Syst. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 21 IS 3 BP 1123 EP 1130 DI 10.1109/TPWRS.2006.876692 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 068EM UT WOS:000239355300012 ER PT J AU Zhou, N Pierre, JW Hauer, JF AF Zhou, Ning Pierre, John W. Hauer, John F. TI Initial results in power system identification from injected probing signals using a subspace method SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE estimation; phasor measurements; power system modeling; power system monitoring; Numerical Algorithm for Subspace State Space System IDentification (N4SID); system identification; Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS) ID ELECTROMECHANICAL MODES; RESPONSE SIGNALS; AMBIENT DATA AB In this paper, the authors use the Numerical algorithm for Subspace State Space System IDentification (N4SID) to extract dynamic parameters from phasor measurements collected on the western North American Power Grid. The data were obtained during tests on June 7, 2000, and they represent wide area response to several kinds of probing signals, including low-level pseudo-random noise (LLPRN) and single-mode square wave (SMSW) injected at the Celilo terminal of the Pacific HVDC Intertie (PDCI). An identified model is validated using a cross validation method. Also, the obtained electromechanical modes are compared with the results from Prony analysis of a ringdown and with signal analysis of ambient data measured under similar operating conditions. The consistent results show that methods in this class can be highly effective, even when the probing signal is small. C1 Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhou, N (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM zn@uwyo.edu; pierre@uwyo.edu; john.hauer@pnl.gov NR 23 TC 94 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8950 J9 IEEE T POWER SYST JI IEEE Trans. Power Syst. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 21 IS 3 BP 1296 EP 1302 DI 10.1109/TPWRS.2006.879292 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 068EM UT WOS:000239355300032 ER PT J AU Ghirardi, ML AF Ghirardi, Maria L. TI Hydrogen production by photosynthetic green algae SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE green algae; hydrogen production; algal hydrogenases ID CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII CULTURES; CHLOROPLAST SULFATE PERMEASE; FE-ONLY HYDROGENASE; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; SCENEDESMUS-OBLIQUUS; IRON HYDROGENASE; ACTIVE-SITE; DESULFOVIBRIO-DESULFURICANS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; PROTEIN SUPERFAMILY AB Oxygenic photosynthetic organisms such as cyanobacteria, green algae and diatoms are capable of absorbing light and storing up to 10-13% of its energy into the H-H bond of hydrogen gas. This process, which takes advantage of the photosynthetic apparatus of these organisms to convert sunlight into chemical energy, could conceivably be harnessed for production of significant amounts of energy from a renewable resource, water. The harnessed energy could then be coupled to a fuel cell for electricity generation and recycling of water molecules. In this review, current biochemical understanding of this reaction in green algae, and some of the major challenges facing the development of future commercial algal photobiological systems for H-2 production have been discussed. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ghirardi, ML (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM maria_ghirardi@nrel.gov NR 82 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 16 PU NATL INST SCIENCE COMMUNICATION-NISCAIR PI NEW DELHI PA DR K S KRISHNAN MARG, PUSA CAMPUS, NEW DELHI 110 012, INDIA SN 0301-1208 EI 0975-0959 J9 INDIAN J BIOCHEM BIO JI Indian J. Biochem. Biophys. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 43 IS 4 BP 201 EP 210 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 077EU UT WOS:000240011500001 PM 17133763 ER PT J AU Valles, Y Boore, JL AF Valles, Yvonne Boore, Jeffrey L. TI Lophotrochozoan mitochondrial genomes SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Sexual Selection and Mating Systems in Hermaphrodites held at the Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 04-08, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol ID TRANSFER-RNA GENES; EUTHYNEURAN GASTROPODS MOLLUSCA; ANEMONE METRIDIUM-SENILE; BLUE MUSSEL MYTILUS; COMPLETE SEQUENCE; ANIMAL PHYLOGENY; DNA-SEQUENCE; 18S RDNA; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; HOX GENES AB Progress in both molecular techniques and phylogenetic methods has challenged many of the interpretations of traditional taxonomy. One example is in the recognition of the animal superphylum Lophotrochozoa (annelids, mollusks, echiurans, platyhelminthes, brachiopods, and other phyla), although the relationships within this group and the inclusion of some phyla remain uncertain. While much of this progress in phylogenetic reconstruction has been based on comparing single gene sequences, there are also higher order features of genomes, such as the relative order of genes, that have contributed, and this seems likely to be even more fruitful in the future. Even though tremendous progress is being made on the sequence determination of whole nuclear genomes, the dataset of choice for genome-level characters for many animals across a broad taxonomic range remains mitochondrial genomes. We review here what is known about mitochondrial genomes of the lophotrochozoans and how comparisons of some of these features may be useful in discerning the phylogeny of this group. C1 DOE Joint Genome Inst, Evolutionary Genom Program, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Valles, Y (reprint author), DOE Joint Genome Inst, Evolutionary Genom Program, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM jlboore@calmail.berkeley.edu NR 98 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 544 EP 557 DI 10.1093/icb/icj056 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 071KC UT WOS:000239600100019 PM 21672765 ER PT J AU Egami, T AF Egami, T TI Formation and deformation of metallic glasses: Atomistic theory SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Gathinburg, TN DE glasses; metallic; thermodynamic and thermochemical properties; phase stablity; prediction ID FREE-VOLUME MODEL; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; FORMING LIQUIDS; TRANSITION; MECHANISM; ALLOYS AB The free-volume theory has been successful in describing various structural and mechanical properties of metallic glasses, and continues to be used nearly half a century after it was created. However, the validity of the free-volume model at an atomistic level is questionable. We suggest that the apparent success of the free-volume model is that it represents the fictive temperature of the system well, rather than its microscopic reality. We propose an alternative approach based upon the exchange and fluctuation of atomic bonds, described in terms of the atomic level stresses. This approach enables much more quantitative description of the properties of metallic glasses, including glass transition, liquid fragility, glass formation and mechanical deformation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, S Coll 208, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, S Coll 208, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Egami, T (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, S Coll 208, 1413 Crucle Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM egami@utk.edu NR 31 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 14 IS 8-9 SI SI BP 882 EP 887 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2006.01.004 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 045VK UT WOS:000237770600006 ER PT J AU Fan, C Wilson, TW Dmowski, W Choo, H Richardson, JW Maxey, ER Liaw, PK AF Fan, C Wilson, TW Dmowski, W Choo, H Richardson, JW Maxey, ER Liaw, PK TI Quenched-in quasicrystal medium-range order and pair distribution function study on Zr55Cu35Al10 bulk metallic SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Gathinburg, TN DE microstructure; diffraction ID AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; NANOCRYSTALLINE COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; GLASSES; CRYSTALLIZATION; PHASE; PRECIPITATION; PARTICLES; COMPOUND AB The quasicrystals phase was found in a crystallized Zr55Cu35Al10 bulk metallic glass by X-ray analyses. Pair-distribution-function (PDF) studies on as-cast and partially crystallized states were performed by neutron scattering measurements. The PDF study shows that a medium-range order exists in the as-cast metallic glass. The investigation on the partial crystallization confirms that the local structures of the metallic glass consist of a quenched-in icosahedral medium-range order, which contribute to the quasicrystallization by reheating. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Instrumentat & Controls, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Fan, C (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM cfan@utk.edu RI Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009 OI Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907 NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 14 IS 8-9 SI SI BP 888 EP 892 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2006.01.005 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 045VK UT WOS:000237770600007 ER PT J AU Jang, JSC Chang, LJ Hung, TH Huang, JC Liu, CT AF Jang, J. S. C. Chang, L. J. Hung, T. H. Huang, J. C. Liu, C. T. TI Thermal stability and crystallization of Zr-Al-Cu-Ni based amorphous alloy added with boron and silicon SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Gatlinburg, TN DE glasses; metallic; phase transformations; thermal stability; calorimetry; electron microscopy; transmission ID SUPERCOOLED LIQUID REGION; GLASS-FORMING ABILITY; TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; METALLIC GLASSES; STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR; KINETICS; CO AB The amorphous Zr65-x-yAl7.5 Cu17.5Ni10SixBy alloy ribbons, x=1-4 and y=1-2, with 0.1 mm thickness were prepared by melt spinning. The thermal properties and microstructure development during the annealing of amorphous alloys were investigated by the combination of differential thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffractometry, and TEM. Both of the glass transition temperature and the crystallization temperature for Zr65-x-yAl7.5 Cu17.5Ni10SixBy alloys increases with the silicon and boron additions and reaches 674 and 754 K, respectively for Zr60Al7.5 Cu17.5Ni10Si4B1 alloy. The highest T-rg (0.62) and gamma value (0.43) occurred at the Zr60Al7.5Cu17.5Ni10Si4B1 alloy. In addition, the Zr60Al7.5Cu17.5Ni10Si4B1 alloy was revealed to have the highest activation energy of crystallization (about 370 kJ/mol as determined by the Kissinger plot). This value is about 20% higher than the activation energy of crystallization for the Zr65Al7.5Cu17.5Ni10 based alloy (314 kJ/mol). In parallel, the alloy 4Si1B also performs a longer incubation time at higher isothermally annealing temperature. All of the evidence implies that Zr60Al7.5 Cu17.5Ni10Si4B1 alloy exhibits the highest thermal stability among those alloys in this study. The crystallization behavior for the alloy 4Si1B isothermally annealed at the supercooled temperature region for different time has also been examined by TEM and discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 I Shou Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Kaohsiung 840, Taiwan. Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Inst Mat Sci & Engn, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jang, JSC (reprint author), I Shou Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1 Sec 1,Shiuecheng Rd, Kaohsiung 840, Taiwan. EM scjang@isu.edu.tw RI Huang, J. /C-4276-2013 NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 EI 1879-0216 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 14 IS 8-9 SI SI BP 951 EP 956 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2006.01.012 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 045VK UT WOS:000237770600018 ER PT J AU Miller, MK Liu, CT Wright, JA Tang, W Hildal, K AF Miller, M. K. Liu, C. T. Wright, J. A. Tang, W. Hildal, K. TI APT characterization of some iron-based bulk metallic glasses SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Gatlinburg, TN DE glasses metallic; microstructure; atom microprobe ID ALLOYS; SYSTEM AB A microstructural characterization was performed on 3 iron-based bulk metallic glasses. These alloys were an arc cast Fe61Y2Zr8Co6Al1Mo7B15 A2 alloy, a twin roll cast Fe68Y2Zr2Nb2Cr1.5V4.5B20 DarpaQ21 alloy and a vacuum induction melted Fe50.7Y1.5Cr14.5Mo13C14.8B5.5 Darva101-Y alloy. The alloys were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and atom probe tomography in the as-cast condition. Some micrometer and nanometer scale precipitates were observed in all 3 alloys indicating that the alloy compositions are not fully optimized in the as-cast state. The Darva101-Y alloy was also characterized after annealing above the onset of crystallization temperature for 1 h at 610 C. This annealing treatment produced a mixture of crystalline phases: M-6(BC) and Fe14Y2B in addition to a high temperature M23C6 phase that is indicated from XRD and previous research. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. QuesTek Innnovat, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Miller, MK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Bldg 4500S,MS 6136,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM millermk@ornl.gov NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 14 IS 8-9 SI SI BP 1019 EP 1026 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2006.01.040 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 045VK UT WOS:000237770600031 ER PT J AU Venkataraman, S Eckert, J Schultz, L Sordelet, DJ AF Venkataraman, S. Eckert, J. Schultz, L. Sordelet, D. J. TI Effect of preannealing on glass transition and crystallization of gas atomized Cu47Ti33Zr11NigSi1 metallic glass powders SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Gatlinburg, TN DE glasses, metallic; calorimetry; electron microscopy; transmission; diffraction (electron, neutron and X-ray) ID DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL-ANALYSIS; ACTIVATION-ENERGY; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; FORMING ABILITY; NANOCRYSTALLIZATION; RELAXATION; KINETICS; CU47TI34ZR11NI8; DECOMPOSITION; ZR41.2TI13.8CU12.5NI10BE22.5 AB Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used as the main method to investigate the effect of relaxation on the glass transition and crystallization of Cu47Ti33Zr11Ni8Si1 metallic glass powders. The preannealing treatments were performed at temperatures close to the experimentally determined glass transition temperature. It was found that the thermal stability is profoundly affected by preannealing since the crystallization temperature is strongly influenced by preannealing and decreases with increase in preannealing temperature. In contrast, the annealing treatment does not change the glass transition temperature. During heat treatment at temperatures around the calorimetric glass transition temperature, T-g, the glassy powder undergoes microstructural alterations as revealed by TEM but not discernible by XRD. Fine nanocrystals of about 4-6 nm homogeneously dispersed in an amorphous matrix are observed by TEM after annealing at 698 K for 60 min. Kissinger analysis reveals that the preannealing decreases the activation energy for nanocrystallization thereby promoting partial crystallization of the glass. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tech Univ Darmstadt, FG Phys Metallkunde, FB Mat & Geowissensch 11, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. IFW Dresden, Inst Metallische Werkstoffe, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50014 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50014 USA. RP Venkataraman, S (reprint author), Tech Univ Darmstadt, FG Phys Metallkunde, FB Mat & Geowissensch 11, Petersenstr 30, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. EM s.venkataraman@phm.tu-darmstadt.de RI Schultz, Ludwig/B-3383-2010 NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 EI 1879-0216 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 14 IS 8-9 SI SI BP 1085 EP 1090 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2006.01.028 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 045VK UT WOS:000237770600043 ER PT J AU Dobson, PF Blank, JG Maruyama, S Liou, JG AF Dobson, P. F. Blank, J. G. Maruyama, S. Liou, J. G. TI Petrology and geochemistry of boninitc-series volcanic rocks, Chichi-Jima, Bonin Islands, Japan SO INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article ID UPPER MANTLE; CAPE VOGEL; CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS; PYROXENE THERMOMETRY; OPHIOLITIC BASALTS; MELTING RELATIONS; PRIMARY MAGMAS; HIGH-PRESSURE; ARC MAGMAS; WATER AB An Eocene submarine boninite-series volcanic center is exposed on the island of Chichi-jima, Bonin Islands, Japan. Five rock types-boninite, bronzite andesite, dacite, quartz dacile, and rhyolite-were distinguished within the boninite volcanic sequence on the basis of petrography and geochemistry. Boninites contain high Mg, Ni, and Cr contents indicative of primitive melts, but have high Si contents relative to other mantle-derived magmas. All boninite-series rocks contain very low incompatible-element concentrations, and concentrations of high-field-strength elements in primitive boninites are less than half of those found in depleted mid-ocean ridge basalts. Abundances of large-ion lithophile elements are relatively high in boninite-series rocks, similar to the enrichments observed in many island-arc lavas. Trends for both major and trace-element data Suggest that the more evolved members of the boninite magma series were derived primarily through high-level fractional crystallization of boninite. Textural features, such as resorption and glomeroporphyrocrysts, and reverse chemical zonations suggest that magma mixing contributed to the development of the quartz dacites. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SETI Inst, Ctr Study Life Universe, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Dobson, PF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM PFDobson@lbl.gov RI Maruyama, Shigenori/C-8288-2009; Dobson, Patrick/D-8771-2015 OI Dobson, Patrick/0000-0001-5031-8592 NR 70 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 USA SN 0020-6814 J9 INT GEOL REV JI Int. Geol. Rev. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 48 IS 8 BP 669 EP 701 DI 10.2747/0020-6814.48.8.669 PG 33 WC Geology SC Geology GA 069AH UT WOS:000239416400001 ER PT J AU Massoudi, M Phuoc, TX AF Massoudi, Mehrdad Phuoc, Tran X. TI Unsteady shear flow of fluids with pressure-dependent viscosity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE non-Newtonian fluids; unsteady shear flow; pulsating pressure; pressure-dependent viscosity; high pressure combustion; coal slurries ID NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID; 2ND GRADE FLUIDS; UNIDIRECTIONAL FLOWS; SUDDEN APPLICATION; IMPULSIVE MOTION; BOUNDARY; GRADIENT; DOMAINS AB We study the unsteady shear flow of fluids with pressure-dependent viscosity, situated between two parallel horizontal plates with the upper plate moving while the flow is subjected to an oscillating pressure gradient. The dimensionless form of the momentum equation is solved numerically using a central difference approximation for the spatial derivative terms and a forward difference approximation for the time derivative term. In addition to providing the velocity profiles at the midsection between the two plates, the values of shear stress at the lower (stationary) plate for various values of the dimensionless numbers are also plotted. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Massoudi, M (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM Massoudi@netl.doe.gov NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7225 J9 INT J ENG SCI JI Int. J. Eng. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 44 IS 13-14 BP 915 EP 926 DI 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2006.05.010 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 090RI UT WOS:000240968300008 ER PT J AU Beck, JV McMasters, R Dowding, KJ Amos, DE AF Beck, James V. McMasters, Robert Dowding, Kevin J. Amos, Donald E. TI Intrinsic verification methods in linear heat conduction SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE intrinsic verification; time partitioning; analytical heat conduction; exact ID SOLID BODY MOTION AB Verification of the codes that provide numerical heat transfer solutions obtained by finite difference and other methods is important. One way to verify these solutions is to compare the values with exact solutions. However, these exact solutions should also be verified. Fortunately, intrinsic verification methods are possible. Intrinsic verification utilizes at least two independent exact solutions to obtain accurate numerical values. Three different types of intrinsic verification for transient and steady state heat conduction are developed and illustrated by examples. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn Prof Em, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Virginia Mil Inst, Dept Mech Engn, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Beck, JV (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn Prof Em, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM beck@egr.msu.edu NR 17 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 49 IS 17-18 BP 2984 EP 2994 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.01.045 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 069AP UT WOS:000239417300022 ER PT J AU Bielenberg, PA Prenger, FC Veirs, DK Jones, GF AF Bielenberg, Patricia A. Prenger, F. Coyne Veirs, D. Kirk Jones, Gerard F. TI Effects of pressure on thermal transport in plutonium oxide powder SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE thermal conductivity; plutonium dioxide; porous; powder ID SOLID-SOLUTIONS; PACKED-BED; CONDUCTIVITY; PARTICLES AB Radial temperature profiles of plutonium dioxide powder in a cylindrical vessel were measured over a pressure range of 0.055 to 334.4 kPa with two different fill gases, helium and argon. The powder provides a very uniform self-heating medium for analysis. A thermal conductivity model was developed for heat conduction in the fine ceramic powder. Most literature models make limiting assumptions about powder characteristics that do not hold for this material. Despite the powder particles' complex geometry, the proposed model correctly reproduces the powder temperature profiles over the wide pressure range for both fill gases. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Appl Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Villanova Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. RP Veirs, DK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, POB 1663,MS E505, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM veirs@lanl.gov NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 49 IS 17-18 BP 3229 EP 3239 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.01.027 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 069AP UT WOS:000239417300045 ER PT J AU TerMaath, CY Skolnik, EG Schefer, RW Keller, JO AF TerMaath, C. Y. Skolnik, E. G. Schefer, R. W. Keller, J. O. TI Emissions reduction benefits from hydrogen addition to midsize gas turbine feedstocks SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE hydrogen; combustion; gas turbine; emissions AB The use of hydrogen addition to the natural gas feedstocks of midsize (30-150MW) gas turbines was analyzed as a method of reducing nitrogen oxides (NOx). The costs of hydro-en addition as a function of its ability to reduce NO., were investigated. Hydrogen addition was evaluated against Current control technologies for both existing and new systems to determine its benefits and market feasibility. Markets for NOx, emissions credits currently exist in California and the Northeast States and are expected to grow; therefore, potential sale of emissions credits for volunteer retrofits was also included in this study. (c) 2005 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Energet Inc, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Schefer, RW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM rwsche@sandia.gov RI Schefer, Jurg/G-3960-2012 NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD AUG PY 2006 VL 31 IS 9 BP 1147 EP 1158 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.10.002 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 062CI UT WOS:000238921700004 ER PT J AU Simpson, MF Herrmann, SD Boyle, BD AF Simpson, Michael F. Herrmann, Steven D. Boyle, Brendan D. TI A hybrid thermochemical electrolytic process for hydrogen production based on the reverse Deacon reaction SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE hydrogen production; nuclear energy; reverse Deacon reaction; zeolite AB Development has been initiated on a three-reaction, hybrid thermochemical-electrolytic process for splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen. This process can be run at 500 degrees C, making it suitable for linking to nuclear reactors that run colder than the very highest temperature gas cooled reactors. This feature also makes the materials requirements less stringent than for high temperature cycles, many of which require temperatures in the range of 800-900 degrees C. The process consists of three reactions-two thermochemical and one electrolytic. The themochemical reactions sum to the reverse Deacon reaction. The electrolytic step involves the electrolysis of anhydrous HCl. The estimated energy savings for this process relative to electrolysis of water are in the vicinity of 15%, due to the low energy requirements of anhydrous HCl electrolysis. Preliminary experimental results indicate that a silicalite-supported catalyst for the reverse Deacon reaction has the potential of promoting fast reaction kinetics and long-term stability of the solids. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of the International Association for Hydrogen Energy. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. RP Simpson, MF (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. EM michael.simpson@inl.gov NR 12 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD AUG PY 2006 VL 31 IS 9 BP 1241 EP 1246 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.08.014 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 062CI UT WOS:000238921700015 ER PT J AU Schefer, RW Houf, WG San Marchi, C Chernicoff, WP Englom, L AF Schefer, R. W. Houf, W. G. San Marchi, C. Chernicoff, W. P. Englom, L. TI Characterization of leaks from compressed hydrogen dispensing systems and related components SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE hydrogen; leakage; laminar flow; turbulent flow; permeability ID PERMEATION; ALLOYS AB The equations are developed for the calculation of leak flow rates in various leak regimes. Leaks due to pressure-driven convection and due to permeation through metals are considered. For convective leaks. the conditions under which the flow transitions from laminar to turbulent and from subsonic to choked (sonic) flow are discussed. Equations are presented to calculate leak rates for subsonic laminar and turbulent flows. as well as choked (sonic) flow rates. Given the advantages of using noncombustible gases for leak testing and measurement. equations are also developed for calculating the equivalent leak rate of helium when it is used as a surrogate for the combustible gases hydrogen and methane in each of these flow regimes. Equations are derived for the permeation rate of hydrogen through several common metals. Tabulated data is presented for the permeation rates of hydrogen through pure iron and two types of stainless steel over a pressure range from 5000 to 15,000 psi and a temperature range of -40-100 degrees C. The results clearly show the sensitivity of flux to temperature, with over an order of magnitude increase in flux as the temperature is increased from ambient to 373 K (100 degrees C). Permeation rates are also found to vary significantly with material. For example. permeation rates for construction steel (as estimated from pure iron) are about three orders of magnitude higher than 403 stainless steel and nearly five orders of magnitude higher than type 316L stainless steel for a given temperature and pressure. Under many combinations of pressure and temperature, leak rates for Fe exceed the permissible gaseous hydrogen leak rates. while rates for 316L stainless steel are well below permissible permeation rates at all combinations of temperature and pressure considered. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of the International Association for Hydrogen Energy. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. US DOT RSPA, Res & Special Programs Adm, Washington, DC 20590 USA. RP Schefer, RW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM rwsche@sandia.gov RI Schefer, Jurg/G-3960-2012 NR 19 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD AUG PY 2006 VL 31 IS 9 BP 1247 EP 1260 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.09.003 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 062CI UT WOS:000238921700016 ER PT J AU White, CM Steeper, RR Lutz, AE AF White, C. M. Steeper, R. R. Lutz, A. E. TI The hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine: a technical review SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Review DE internal combustion engine; review ID EXHAUST-GAS RECIRCULATION; DIESEL-ENGINE; NOX EMISSIONS; INJECTION; PERFORMANCE; IGNITION; IMPROVEMENT; FUTURE; OUTPUT AB A review is given of contemporary research on the hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine. The emphasis is on light-to medium-duty engine research. We first describe hydrogen-engine fundamentals by examining the engine-specific properties of hydrogen and surveying the existing literature. Here it will be shown that, due to low volumetric efficiencies and frequent preignition combustion events, the power densities of premixed or port-fuel-injected hydrogen engines are diminished relative to gasoline-fueled engines. Significant progress has been made in the development of advanced hydrogen engines with improved power densities. We discuss several examples and their salient features. Finally, we consider the overall progress made and provide suggestions for future work. (c) 2006 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP White, CM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, POB 969,MS 9053, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM cmwhit@sandia.gov RI White, Christopher/E-1669-2011 NR 69 TC 276 Z9 293 U1 8 U2 93 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD AUG PY 2006 VL 31 IS 10 BP 1292 EP 1305 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.12.001 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 064PI UT WOS:000239101200005 ER PT J AU Schefer, RW Houf, WG Bourne, B Colton, J AF Schefer, R. W. | Houf, W. G. Bourne, B. Colton, J. TI Spatial and radiative properties of an open-flame hydrogen plume SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE hydrogen; turbulent jet; combustion; hydrogen flames ID DIFFUSION FLAMES; JET FLAMES; TURBULENT AB Considerable effort is being directed toward updating safety codes and standards in preparation for production, distribution, and retail of hydrogen as a consumer energy source. In the present study, measurements were performed in large-scale, vertical flames to characterize the dimensional and radiative properties of an ignited hydrogen jet. These data are relevant to the safety scenario of a sudden leak in a high-pressure hydrogen containment vessel. Specifically, the data will provide a technological basis for determining hazardous length scales associated with unintended releases at hydrogen storage and distribution centers. Visible and infrared video and ultraviolet flame luminescence imaging were used to evaluate flame length, diameter and structure. Radiometer measurements allowed determination of the radiant heat flux from the flame. The results show that flame length increases with total jet mass flow rate and jet nozzle diameter. When plotted as a function of Froude number, which measures the relative importance of jet momentum and buoyancy, the measured flame lengths for a range of operating conditions collapse onto the same curve. Good comparison with hydrocarbon jet flame lengths is found, demonstrating that the non-dimensional correlations are valid for a variety of fuel types. The radiative heat flux measurements for hydrogen flames show good agreement with non-dimensional correlations and scaling laws developed for a range of fuels and flame conditions. This result verifies that such correlations can be used to predict radiative heat flux from a wide variety of hydrogen flames and establishes a basis for predicting a priori the characteristics of flames resulting from accidental releases. (c) 2005 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Schefer, RW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM rwsche@sandia.gov RI Schefer, Jurg/G-3960-2012 NR 11 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD AUG PY 2006 VL 31 IS 10 BP 1332 EP 1340 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.11.020 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 064PI UT WOS:000239101200010 ER PT J AU Goldman, T Perez-Mercader, J AF Goldman, T. Perez-Mercader, Juan TI Hierarchies in the large-scale structures of the Universe SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS D LA English DT Article DE complex phenomena; cosmology; astrophysics ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; POWER SPECTRUM; GALAXIES; NETWORKS; CLUSTERS; FLUCTUATIONS; EMERGENCE; WORLD AB We study the common relationships that exist between the various structures in the Universe, and show that a unifying description appears when these are considered as emerging from dynamical critical phenomena characterized by complex exponents in the two-point correlation function of matter density fluctuations. Since gravity drives their formation, structures are more likely to form where there is maximal correlation in the matter density. Applying this simple principle of maximal correlation to the two-point correlation function in a scaling regime with complex exponents leads to a hierarchy of structures where: (1) the structures can be classified according to an integer and (2) there is a common real exponent for the two-point correlation function across the range of structures. This in turn implies the existence of both universal size and mass hierarchy-order relationships. We show that these relationships are in good agreement with observations, and that sizes and masses for the known structures, from Globules in the Interstellar Medium to Clusters of Galaxies, can be classified (essentially to within one order of magnitude out of more than 10 orders of magnitude) in terms of just three constants. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CSIC, Ctr Astrobiol, NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Madrid 28850, Spain. RP Goldman, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM first_tgoldman@lanl.gov; second_mercader@laeff.esa.es NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-2718 J9 INT J MOD PHYS D JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. D PD AUG PY 2006 VL 15 IS 8 BP 1199 EP 1215 DI 10.1142/S0218271806008905 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 104MZ UT WOS:000241963800005 ER PT J AU Tortora, PR Ceccio, SL O'Hern, TJ Trujillo, SM Torczynski, JR AF Tortora, P. R. Ceccio, S. L. O'Hern, T. J. Trujillo, S. M. Torczynski, J. R. TI Quantitative measurement of solids distribution in gas-solid riser flows using electrical impedance tomography and gamma densitometry tomography SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIPHASE FLOW LA English DT Article DE EIT; GDT; tomography; fluidized bed; riser; gas-solid ID CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED-BED; RADIAL VOIDAGE PROFILES; CAPACITANCE TOMOGRAPHY; ECT AB An electrical impedance tomography (EIT) system has been developed to non-invasively measure particle distributions in the riser of a pilot-scale circulating fluidized bed (CFB). Although EIT systems have often been applied to yield qualitative information about gas-solid flows, the present EIT system yields quantitative information that is validated by comparison to a gamma densitometry tomography (GDT) system. EIT and GDT were applied to the CFB riser (14-cm inner diameter, 5.77-m height) containing fluid catalytic cracking particles in air. The flows examined were annular with a dilute core and had average and near-wall solids volume fractions up to 0.25 and 0.66, respectively. For all cases, the average and near-wall solids volume fractions from EIT and GDT agreed to within 0.03 and 0.07, respectively. This good agreement suggests that, where feasible, EIT can be used in place of GDT, which is advantageous since EIT systems are often safer, less expensive, and faster than GDT systems. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Tortora, PR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800,1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM prtorto@sandia.gov NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0301-9322 J9 INT J MULTIPHAS FLOW JI Int. J. Multiph. Flow PD AUG PY 2006 VL 32 IS 8 BP 972 EP 995 DI 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2006.03.004 PG 24 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 079NJ UT WOS:000240183300006 ER PT J AU Gao, HC Obraztova, A Stewart, N Popa, R Fredrickson, JK Tiedje, JM Nealson, KH Zhou, JZ AF Gao, Haichun Obraztova, Anna Stewart, Nathan Popa, Radu Fredrickson, James K. Tiedje, James M. Nealson, Kenneth H. Zhou, Jizhong TI Shewanella loihica sp nov., isolated from iron-rich microbial mats in the Pacific Ocean SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; MARINE SEDIMENT; SEA-WATER; ALTEROMONAS-COLWELLIANA; DNA HYBRIDIZATION; GENUS SHEWANELLA; METAL REDUCTION; BALTIC SEA; BACTERIUM; DEEP AB A novel marine bacterial strain, PV-4(T), isolated from a microbial mat located at a hydrothermal vent of Loihi Seamount in the Pacific Ocean, has been characterized. This micro-organism is orangey in colour, Gram-negative, polarly flagellated, facultatively anaerobic and psychrotolerant (temperature range, 0-42 degrees C). No growth was observed with nitrate, nitrite, DMSO or thiosulfate as the electron acceptor and lactate as the electron donor. The major fatty acid detected in strain PV-4(T) was iso-C-15:0-Strain PV-4(T) had ubiquinones consisting mainly of Q-7 and Q-8, and possessed menaquinone MK-7. The DNA G + C content of the strain was 53.8 mol% and the genome size was about 4.5 Mbp. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed PV-4(T) within the genus Shewanella. PV-4(T) exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity levels of 99.6 and 97.5%, respectively, with respect to the type strains of Shewanella aquimarina and Shewanella marisflavi. DNA from strain PV-4(T) showed low mean levels of relatedness to the DNAs of S. aquimarina (50.5 %) and S. marisflavi (8.5 %). On the basis of phylogenetic; and phenotypic characteristics, the bacterium was classified in the genus Shewanella within a distinct novel species, for which the name Shewanella loihica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PV-4(T) (= ATCC BAA-1088(T) =DSM 17748(T)). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Stephenson Res & Technol Ctr, Inst Environm Genom, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhou, JZ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jzhou@ou.edu RI Gao, Haichun/A-2160-2014 NR 44 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 21 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 56 BP 1911 EP 1916 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.64354-0 PN 8 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 079OA UT WOS:000240185200033 PM 16902030 ER PT J AU Yang, ZG AF Yang, Zhenguo TI Fuel cells: Status and challenges in materials and technologies SO JOM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Yang, ZG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD AUG PY 2006 VL 58 IS 8 BP 36 EP 36 DI 10.1007/s11837-006-0051-7 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 071AO UT WOS:000239569300005 ER PT J AU Weil, KS AF Weil, K. Scott TI The state-of-the-art in sealing technology for solid oxide fuel cells SO JOM LA English DT Article ID COMPRESSIVE MICA SEALS; PRECERAMIC POLYMERS; GLASS; PYROLYSIS; CERAMICS; BRAZE; SOFCS; INTERCONNECT; PERSPECTIVE; SUBSTRATE AB One of the keys to developing viable solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems is tofirst develop reliable and inexpensive stack sealing technology. Three general approaches are currently beingpursued: rigid bonded sealing, compressive sealing, and compliant bonded sealing. This review highlights the advantages and limitations of each option, discusses some of the leading concepts, and outlines the future steps that need to be taken in their development. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Weil, KS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM scoff.weil@pnl.gov NR 64 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 26 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD AUG PY 2006 VL 58 IS 8 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1007/s11837-006-0052-6 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 071AO UT WOS:000239569300006 ER PT J AU Brady, MP Yang, B Wang, H Turner, JA More, KL Wilson, M Garzon, F AF Brady, M. P. Yang, B. Wang, H. Turner, J. A. More, K. L. Wilson, M. Garzon, F. TI The formation of protective nitride surfaces for PEM fuel cell metallic bipolar plates SO JOM LA English DT Article ID STAINLESS-STEEL; NI-CR; INTERNAL NITRIDATION; CORROSION-RESISTANCE; DESIGN STRATEGIES; TI ALLOYS; TRANSITION; MECHANISM; CHROMIUM; SYSTEM AB The selective gas nitridation of model nickel-based alloys was used to form dense, electrically conductive and corrosion-resistant nitride surface layers, including TiN, VN, CrN, Cr,N, as well as a complexNiNb VN-phase. Evaluation for use as a protective surface for metallic bipolar plates in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) indicated that CrNICr2N based surfaces hold promise to meet U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) performatice goals for automotive applications. The thermally grown CrN/Cr,N surface formed on model Ni-Cr based alloys exhibited good stability and low electrical resistance in single-cell fuel cell testing under simulated drive-cycle conditions. Recent results indicate that similar protective chromium nitride surfaces can beformedon less expensive Fe-Cr based alloys potentially capable of meeting DOE cost goals. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brady, MP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM bradymp@ornl.gov RI Brady, Michael/A-8122-2008; Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014; More, Karren/A-8097-2016 OI Brady, Michael/0000-0003-1338-4747; Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209; More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097 NR 66 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 15 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD AUG PY 2006 VL 58 IS 8 BP 50 EP 57 DI 10.1007/s11837-006-0054-4 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 071AO UT WOS:000239569300008 ER PT J AU Tonks, DL Henrie, BL Trujillo, CP AF Tonks, D. L. Henrie, B. L. Trujillo, C. P. TI Models for mixed mode damage paths in shock loaded tantalum SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials under Dynamic Loading CY SEP 11-15, 2006 CL Dijon, FRANCE AB Recent work [1] on recovered tantalum gas gun and HE driven samples has shown that incipient damage forms a path with a well defined roughness exponent. The path involves regions of localized plastic flow, in the HE driven case, and localized flow regions between voids, or "mixed mode", in the gas gun case. The localized plastic flow can be diffuse or very localized into a "micro shear band." The roughness property is an affine statistical scaling with a different scaling ratio between the shock and transverse directions. In this work, we model the scaling properties of the mixed mode damage paths with models of shear localization between voids. These models involve a bifurcation condition for necking down localization, similar to that of Thomason, and a "micro shear band" condition. The localization condition is driven by both pressure and shear, hence, the name "mixed mode." Monte Carlo simulations of the damage path will be conducted using these models to test them for the affine scaling. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tonks, DL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop F669, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD AUG PY 2006 VL 134 BP 9 EP 15 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006134003 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 095SC UT WOS:000241327400003 ER PT J AU Lebensohn, RA Bringa, EM Caro, A AF Lebensohn, R. A. Bringa, E. M. Caro, A. TI Continuum mesoscale modelling of nanocrystalline fcc metals under shock-loading using an spectral formulation fed by molecular dynamics results SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials under Dynamic Loading CY SEP 11-15, 2006 CL Dijon, FRANCE ID STRENGTH AB In this paper we present a micromechanical approach based on Fast Fourier Transforms to study the role played by dislocation glide and grain boundary (GB) accommodation in the determination of the yield strength of nanostructured materials under shock. For this, we construct unit cells representing self-similar polycrystals with different grain sizes in the nanometer range and use local constitutive equations for slip and grain boundary accommodation. We study the effect of grain size and shock pressure on the local and effective behavior of nanostructured fee materials with parameters obtained from experiments and atomistic simulations. Predictions of a previous pressure-sensitive model for the effective yield strength behind a shock front are improved by considering strain partition between slip and GB activity. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lebensohn, RA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Bringa, Eduardo/F-8918-2011; Lebensohn, Ricardo/A-2494-2008 OI Lebensohn, Ricardo/0000-0002-3152-9105 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD AUG PY 2006 VL 134 BP 17 EP 22 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006134004 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 095SC UT WOS:000241327400004 ER PT J AU Zubelewicz, A Zurek, AK Potocki, ML AF Zubelewicz, A. Zurek, A. K. Potocki, M. L. TI Dynamic behavior of copper under extreme loading rates SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials under Dynamic Loading CY SEP 11-15, 2006 CL Dijon, FRANCE AB Metals subjected to extreme loading rates exhibit behavior that is characteristics of a thermodynamically open system characterized by exchanging energy due to dislocations traveling long distances with a nearly sonic velocity. The thermodynamic openness is rarely observed in solids; therefore the mean-field theories of nonlinear continuum dynamics often provide sufficient representation of the solid behavior. These theories describe the deformation and damage processes with the use of constitutive models. In addition, an equation of state (EOS) that couples high hydrostatic pressure and changes in mass density and temperature is formulated. Difficulties arise when a metal is subjected to extreme loading. Then, the material experiences a mesoscale excitation coupled with velocity fluctuations and a non-negligible entrapment of kinetic energy. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zubelewicz, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD AUG PY 2006 VL 134 BP 23 EP 27 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006134005 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 095SC UT WOS:000241327400005 ER PT J AU Meyers, M Jarmakani, H McNaney, JM Schneider, M Nguyen, JH Kad, B AF Meyers, M. Jarmakani, H. McNaney, J. M. Schneider, M. Nguyen, J. H. Kad, B. TI Dynamic response of single crystalline copper subjected to quasi-isentropic laser and gas-gun driven loading SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials under Dynamic Loading CY SEP 11-15, 2006 CL Dijon, FRANCE AB Single crystalline copper was subjected to quasi-isentropic compression via gas-gun and laser loading at pressures between 18GPa and 59GPa. The deformation substructure was analyzed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Twins and laths were evident at the highest pressures, and stacking faults and dislocation cells in the intermediate and lowest pressures, respectively. The Preston-Tonks-Wallace (PTW) constitutive description was used to model the slip-twinning process in both cases. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, Mat Sci Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Meyers, M (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, Mat Sci Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI McNaney, James/F-5258-2013; Meyers, Marc/A-2970-2016 OI Meyers, Marc/0000-0003-1698-5396 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD AUG PY 2006 VL 134 BP 37 EP 42 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006134007 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 095SC UT WOS:000241327400007 ER PT J AU Plunkett, B Cazacu, O Lebensohn, RA AF Plunkett, B. Cazacu, O. Lebensohn, R. A. TI Strain-rate effects on the texture evolution of low-symmetry metals: Modeling and validation using the Taylor cylinder impact test SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials under Dynamic Loading CY SEP 11-15, 2006 CL Dijon, FRANCE ID ZIRCONIUM AB In this paper, a model for describing the influence of evolving texture on the response of pre-textured metals for dynamic loading conditions is proposed. Yielding is described using a recently developed criterion which captures simultaneously anisotropy and compression-tension asymmetry associated with deformation twinning. The anisotropy coefficients as well as the size of the elastic domain are considered to be functions of the accumulated plastic strain. The specific expressions for the evolution laws are determined based on experimental data and numerical test results performed with a self-consistent viscoplastic model together with a macroscopic scale interpolation technique. An overstress approach is used to incorporate rate effects in the formulation. Application of the model to the description of the high-strain rate response of low-symmetry (clock-rolled hexagonal-closed-packed zirconium) is presented. The very good agreement between the simulated and experimental post-test geometries of the Taylor impact specimens in terms of major and minor side profiles and impact-interface footprints shows the ability of the model to describe the evolution of anisotropy as a function of the strain rate. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. Univ Florida, REEF, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Plunkett, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RI Lebensohn, Ricardo/A-2494-2008; Cazacu, Oana/L-4635-2016 OI Lebensohn, Ricardo/0000-0002-3152-9105; Cazacu, Oana/0000-0002-2499-9096 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD AUG PY 2006 VL 134 BP 81 EP 86 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006134014 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 095SC UT WOS:000241327400014 ER PT J AU Cady, CM Gray, GT Chen, SR Field, RD Korzekwa, DR Hixson, RS Lopez, MF AF Cady, C. M. Gray, G. T., III Chen, S. R. Field, R. D. Korzekwa, D. R. Hixson, R. S. Lopez, M. F. TI Influence of temperature, strain rate and thermal aging on the structure/property behavior of uranium 6 wt% Nb SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials under Dynamic Loading CY SEP 11-15, 2006 CL Dijon, FRANCE ID SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOYS AB A rigorous experimentation and validation program is being undertaken to create constitutive models that elucidate the fundamental mechanisms controlling plasticity in uranium-6 wt.% niobium alloys (U-6Nb). These models should accurately predict high-strain-rate large-strain plasticity, damage evolution and failure. The goal is a physically-based constitutive model that captures 1) an understanding of how strain rate, temperature, and aging affects the mechanical response of a material, and 2) an understanding of the operative deformation mechanisms. The stress-strain response of U-6Nb has been studied as a function of temperature, strain-rate, and thermal aging. U-6Nb specimens in a solution-treated and quenched condition (ST/Q) and after subsequent aging at 473K for 2 hours were studied. The constitutive behavior was evaluated over the range of strain rates from quasi-static (0.001 sec(-1)) to dynamic (2000 sec(-1)) and temperatures ranging from 77 to 773K. The yield stress of U-6Nb was exhibited pronounced temperature sensitivity. The strain hardening rate is seen to be less sensitive to strain rate and temperature beyond plastic strains of 0.10. The yield strength of the aged material is less. significantly affected by temperature and the work hardening rate shows adiabatic heating at lower strain rates (1/s). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cady, CM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST 8,MS G-755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 20 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD AUG PY 2006 VL 134 BP 203 EP 208 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006134031 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 095SC UT WOS:000241327400031 ER PT J AU Smith, RF Eggert, JH Celliers, P Jankowski, A Lorenz, T Moon, S Edwards, MJ Collins, G AF Smith, R. F. Eggert, J. H. Celliers, P. Jankowski, A. Lorenz, T. Moon, S. Edwards, M. J. Collins, G. TI Laser driven quasi-isentropic compression experiments (ICE) for dynamically loading materials at high strain rates SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials under Dynamic Loading CY SEP 11-15, 2006 CL Dijon, FRANCE ID SOLIDS AB We demonstrate the recently developed technique of laser driven isentropic compression (ICE) for dynamically compressing Al samples at high laoding rates close to the room temperature isentrope and up to peak stresses above 100 GPa. Upon analysis of the unloading profiles from a multi-stepped Al/LiF target a continuous path through Stress-Density space may be calculated. For materials with phase transformations ramp compression techniques reveals the location of equilibrium phase boundaries and provide information on the kinetics of the lattice re-ordering. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Smith, RF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD AUG PY 2006 VL 134 BP 529 EP 534 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006134081 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 095SC UT WOS:000241327400081 ER PT J AU Gray, GT Cady, CM McCabe, RJ Hixson, RS Korzekwa, DR Lopez, MF AF Gray, G. T. (Rusty), III Cady, C. M. McCabe, R. J. Hixson, R. S. Korzekwa, D. R. Lopez, M. F. TI Influence of energetic-driven "Taylor-wave" shock-wave prestraining on the structure/property response of depleted uranium SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials under Dynamic Loading CY SEP 11-15, 2006 CL Dijon, FRANCE ID SPALLATION; ALLOYS AB The influence of shock prestraining, via direct energetic "Taylor-wave" (triangular wave) loading, on the post-shock structure/property behavior of depleted uranium (DU) was studied. Samples were shock prestrained within a "soft" shock recovery fixture composed of momemtum traps and a spall plate to assure 1-dimensional loading. The DU samples exhibit roughly a 30% increase in yield strength following shock prestraining to similar to 45 GPa. The texture evolution in DU was quantified using electron-backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Detailed quantification of the substructure evolution following shock prestraining revealed high volume fractions of {130}, '{172}', and {112} deformation twins. The volume fraction of 11301 twins was found to be similar to 10x the volume fraction of '{172}' and {112} twins. Details of the twin system activation and volume fraction relative to the local Schmidt factor within grains are presented. The influence of HE-driven shock prestraining on the structure/property response of DU is compared and contrasted to that seen in 304SS and 316SS subjected to "Taylor-wave" shock prestraining. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gray, GT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI McCabe, Rodney /0000-0002-6684-7410 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD AUG PY 2006 VL 134 BP 909 EP 914 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006.134139 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 095SC UT WOS:000241327400139 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Bringa, EM Victoria, M Carol, A McNaney, JM Smith, R Remington, BA AF Wang, Y. M. Bringa, E. M. Victoria, M. Carol, A. McNaney, J. M. Smith, R. Remington, B. A. TI Deformation of nanocrystalline materials at ultrahigh strain rates - microstructure perspective in nanocrystalline nickel SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials under Dynamic Loading CY SEP 11-15, 2006 CL Dijon, FRANCE ID GRAIN-GROWTH; STRENGTH; NI; METALS; SIZE AB Nanocrystalline materials with grain sizes smaller than 100 nm have attracted extensive research in the past decade. Due to their high strength, these materials are good candidates for high pressure shock loading experiments. In this paper, we investigated the microstructural evolutions of nanocrystalline nickel with grain sizes of 10-50 nm, shock-loaded in a range of pressures (20-70 GPa). A laser-driven isentropic compression process was applied to achieve high shock-pressures in a timescale of nanoseconds and thus the high-strain-rate deformation of nanocrystalline nickel. Postmortem transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examinations reveal that the nanocrystalline structures survive the shock deformation and that dislocation activity is the prevalent deformation mechanism when the grain sizes are larger than 30 nm, without any twinning activity at twice the stress threshold for twin formation in micrometer-sized polycrystals. However, deformation twinning becomes an important deformation mode for 10-20 nm grain-sized samples. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ymwang@llnl.gov RI Bringa, Eduardo/F-8918-2011; McNaney, James/F-5258-2013; Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/F-2249-2010 OI Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/0000-0002-7161-2034 NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD AUG PY 2006 VL 134 BP 915 EP 920 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006134140 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 095SC UT WOS:000241327400140 ER PT J AU Brown, EN Rae, PJ Gray, GT AF Brown, E. N. Rae, P. J. Gray, G. T. TI The influence of temperature and strain rate on the tensile and compressive constitutive response of four fluoropolymers SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials under Dynamic Loading CY SEP 11-15, 2006 CL Dijon, FRANCE ID PTFE; POLY(TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE); PHASE AB Fluoropolymers posses several advantageous properties for load-bearing structural components including higher strength at elevated temperatures and higher toughness at lowered temperatures. Stress-strain studies have been conducted on two homopolymers (Teflon (PTFE) and KEL-F81 (PCTFE)) and two copolymers (KEL-F 800 and THV 500G) as a function of temperature and strain rate. A split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) was used to achieve a strain rate of similar to 3200/s in compression, while screw-driven testing machines afforded a strain rate of 0.001/s. A tensile split-Hopkinson pressure bar (T-SHPB) was used for testing at strain rates of 800/s in tension. To address the large strains to failure (up to 700% extension) an optical extensometer was employed for a strain rate of 0.005/s in tension. The effects of temperature and strain rate for this family of polymers is presented in detail, including an observed shift in glass transition (T-g) to higher temperatures with increased strain rate and rate insensitivity of thermally-induced phase transitions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brown, EN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-8,MS G-755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Brown, Eric/0000-0002-6812-7820 NR 11 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 12 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD AUG PY 2006 VL 134 BP 935 EP 940 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006134143 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 095SC UT WOS:000241327400143 ER PT J AU Cerreta, E Gray, GT Trujillo, CP AF Cerreta, E. Gray, G. T., III Trujillo, C. P. TI The influence of shock prestraining on the structure/property response of hafnium SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials under Dynamic Loading CY SEP 11-15, 2006 CL Dijon, FRANCE ID MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; PEAK PRESSURE; STRAIN-RATE; TEMPERATURE; ZIRCONIUM AB Highly-textured, crystal-bar-purity hafnium has been shock prestrained at 4.96 and 11 GPa, below the reported alpha to omega phase transformation of 38 GPa. The specimens were "soft caught" following shock prestraining to facilitate quantification of the substructure and post shock constitutive behavior. The substructure of the shocked materials was investigated using optical and transmission electron microscopy. The preshocked Hf samples were subsequently reloaded quasi-statically in compression. The deformation behavior of the as-annealed hafnium under quasi-static conditions is compared to its response following shock prestraining. The reload response is con-elated to differences in the defect density due to shock loading. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cerreta, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD AUG PY 2006 VL 134 BP 1029 EP 1034 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006134157 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 095SC UT WOS:000241327400157 ER PT J AU Staudhammer, KP AF Staudhammer, K. P. TI Experimental approach to shock synthesis using pressure-temperature-strain data SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials under Dynamic Loading CY SEP 11-15, 2006 CL Dijon, FRANCE ID SYSTEM AB An understanding of the shock conditions that optimise true shock synthesis, not shock initiation, must be understood. Simply the mixing of powdered materials and shock loading them is at best a hit and miss proposition. A shock loading technique, using an axi-symmetric radial implosion technique that produces a Mach-stem region upon convergence of the shock wave results in pressure-temperatures that for the most materials exceed their melting temperatures. As the shock wave passes through, the resultant melt is pressure/temperature quenched. This technique has produced metastable concentrations of several alloys. Various parameters utilizing high pressure-temperature data are assessed towards increasing solubility beyond equilibrium. This paper will describe the current understanding and basic premise as well as the experimental technique used to obtain these conditions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Staudhammer, KP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, POB 1663,MS E 517, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD AUG PY 2006 VL 134 BP 1161 EP 1166 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006134177 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 095SC UT WOS:000241327400177 ER PT J AU Popov, VA Staudhammer, KP Goulbin, VN AF Popov, V. A. Staudhammer, K. P. Goulbin, V. N. TI Dynamic compaction of particulate composite materials SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials under Dynamic Loading CY SEP 11-15, 2006 CL Dijon, FRANCE ID MATRIX COMPOSITES AB This paper describes the mechanical alloying + dynamic compaction flowchart for producing composites with particulate reinforcements. The combinations of components tested included aluminum-silicon carbide, aluminum-boron carbide, copper-silicon carbide, and copper-silica. Mechanical alloying produced granules of composite with reinforcements uniformly distributed in the matrix material. Dynamic compaction of mechanically alloyed granules was shown to produce high quality composite materials with crack-free structure. As the standard methods for explosive treatment lead to crack formation in bulk composites, this work included the development of a tool for treating composite materials. C1 Moscow State Inst Steel & Alloys, Moscow, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Res & Design Inst Assembly Technol, NIKIMT, Moscow, Russia. RP Popov, VA (reprint author), Moscow State Inst Steel & Alloys, Moscow, Russia. EM vpopov@misis.ru RI Svetlana, Ahmetzhanova/H-3797-2012 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD AUG PY 2006 VL 134 BP 1251 EP 1256 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006134190 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 095SC UT WOS:000241327400190 ER PT J AU Kittelson, DB Watts, WF Johnson, JP Schauer, JJ Lawson, DR AF Kittelson, D. B. Watts, W. F. Johnson, J. P. Schauer, J. J. Lawson, D. R. TI On-road and laboratory evaluation of combustion aerosols - Part 2: Summary of spark ignition engine results SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE spark ignition engine; spark ignition aerosol; on-road measurement; nanoparticles; source apportionment; light-duty vehicle ID SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; CALIBRATION; EMISSIONS; IMPACTOR; DIESEL AB The primary objective was to characterize exhaust aerosols from a small group of in-use, light-duty, spark ignition (SI) vehicles operated on-road, and on a chassis dynamometer. A significant particle signature above background was not measured at highway cruise condition. Number emissions were much higher during acceleration, at high-speed cruise, and during cold-cold starts. Group average fuel-specific number emissions range from 3.9 x 10(14) to 1.0 X 10(17) particles/kg of fuel. Cold-cold start temperatures, driving cycles and vehicular condition influence SI emissions. Elemental carbon was a major contributor to mass emissions measured in chassis dynamometer Unified Driving Cycle (UDC) tests averaging 64% and 34% of the mass emissions for cold-cold and hot start cycles, respectively. Average ratios of cold-cold to hot start emissions were 3.3, 7.6, and 22 for CPC number, filter mass and SMPS volume, respectively. Apportionment results showed that on a weekly weighted basis and on weekdays, the majority of observed particle number was attributed to heavy-duty diesel traffic. Weekend production of particles was attributable to light-duty automobiles. On a per vehicle basis, heavy-duty vehicles produced substantially greater number concentrations. On a fuel-specific basis, heavy-duty vehicles produce slightly higher concentrations of particles than light-duty vehicles. The relative contribution of light-duty vehicles to particle number emissions increased as particle size decreased, for the smallest particles apportioned number emissions were 1.3 x 10(16) and 7.1 x 10(15) particles/kg of fuel for heavy-duty and light-duty vehicles, respectively. Comparison of on-road chase and apportionment results with chassis dynamometer tests in a certification type facility suggests that the latter may underestimate real-world number emissions. (C) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kittelson, DB (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, 111 Church St SE,Room 1100 Mech Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM kitte001@tc.umn.edu NR 34 TC 84 Z9 87 U1 3 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 37 IS 8 BP 931 EP 949 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2005.08.008 PG 19 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 081BZ UT WOS:000240293500002 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Schweizer, S Henke, B Chen, G Woodford, J Newman, PJ MacFarlane, DR AF Johnson, J. A. Schweizer, S. Henke, B. Chen, G. Woodford, J. Newman, P. J. MacFarlane, D. R. TI Eu-activated fluorochlorozirconate glass-ceramic scintillators SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSTIMULATED LUMINESCENCE; PHASE AB Rare-earth-doped fluorochlorozirconate (FCZ) glass-ceramic materials have been developed as scintillators and their properties investigated as a function of dopant level. The paper presents the relative scintillation efficiency in comparison to single-crystal cadmium tungstate, the scintillation intensity as a function of x-ray intensity and x-ray energy, and the spatial resolution (modulation transfer function). Images obtained with the FCZ glass-ceramic scintillator and with cadmium tungstate are also presented. Comparison shows that the image quality obtained using the glass ceramic is close to that from cadmium tungstate. Therefore, the glass-ceramic scintillator could be used as an alternative material for image formation resulting from scintillation. Other inorganic scintillators such as single crystals or polycrystalline films have limitations in resolution or size, but the transparent glass-ceramic can be scaled to any shape or size with excellent resolution. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Gesamthsch Paderborn, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, D-33095 Paderborn, Germany. Monash Univ, Sch Chem, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Monash Univ, Australian Ctr Electromat Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RP Johnson, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jaj2@anl.gov RI Schweizer, Stefan/H-3518-2011; MacFarlane, Douglas/A-9642-2008; Johnson, Jacqueline/P-4844-2014 OI MacFarlane, Douglas/0000-0001-5963-9659; Johnson, Jacqueline/0000-0003-0830-9275 NR 15 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 4 U2 41 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 3 AR 034701 DI 10.1063/1.2225765 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 073SY UT WOS:000239764100111 ER PT J AU Kim, JW Kang, HS Kim, JH Lee, SY Lee, JK Nastasi, M AF Kim, Jae Won Kang, Hong Seong Kim, Jong Hoon Lee, Sang Yeol Lee, Jung-Kun Nastasi, Michael TI Variation of structural, electrical, and optical properties of Zn1-xMgxO thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; ZNO; ULTRAVIOLET; MGXZN1-XO; ALLOY; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; DEFECTS; GROWTH AB Zn1-xMgxO thin films on (001) sapphire substrates were deposited using pulsed laser deposition. As the substrate temperature increased, the Mg content in the Zn1-xMgxO thin films increased and the photoluminescence (PL) peak position of the Zn1-xMgxO thin films shifted from 370 to 356 nm, indicating a band gap expansion. Variations of the structural, electrical, and optical properties of Zn1-xMgO thin films have been observed and analyzed by x-ray diffraction, Hall measurements, and PL measurements. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Yonsei Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Seodaemoon Ku, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lee, SY (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Seodaemoon Ku, 134 Shinchon Dong, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM sylee@yonsei.ac.kr NR 19 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 3 AR 033701 DI 10.1063/1.2219153 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 073SY UT WOS:000239764100044 ER PT J AU Reed, BW AF Reed, Bryan W. TI Femtosecond electron pulse propagation for ultrafast electron diffraction SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPACE-CHARGE; PROJECTION LITHOGRAPHY; DYNAMICS; BEAMS; PACKETS; OPTICS; PHOTOINJECTORS; SYSTEMS; ENERGY; TUBES AB Ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) relies on short, intense pulses of electrons, which because of Coulombic repulsion will expand and change shape as they propagate. While such pulse expansion has been studied in other contexts, efforts to model this effect for typical UED parameters have only arisen fairly recently. These efforts have yielded accurate predictions with very simple models, but have left a number of unexplained results (such as the development of a linear self-similar profile with sharply defined end points). The present work develops a series of models that gradually incorporate more physical principles, allowing a clear determination of which processes control which aspects of the pulse propagation. This will include a complete analytical solution of the one-dimensional problem (including a fundamental limitation on temporal resolution), followed by the gradual inclusion of two-dimensional and inhomogeneous effects. Even very simple models tend to capture the relevant on-axis behavior to within 10% or better. This degree of success can be traced to the manner in which the pulse transitions from one dimensional to two dimensional. We also present methods for determining the most appropriate model for a given situation and suggest paths toward future modeling improvements as the field evolves. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Reed, BW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 700 East Ave,L-353, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM reed12@llnl.gov RI Reed, Bryan/C-6442-2013 NR 40 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 3 AR 034916 DI 10.1063/1.2227710 PG 16 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 073SY UT WOS:000239764100128 ER PT J AU Roy, GG Elmer, JW DebRoy, T AF Roy, G. G. Elmer, J. W. DebRoy, T. TI Mathematical modeling of heat transfer, fluid flow, and solidification during linear welding with a pulsed laser beam SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STAINLESS-STEEL; PHASE-CHANGE; 304-STAINLESS-STEEL; METAL AB The evolution of temperature and velocity fields during welding of 304 stainless steel with a pulsed laser beam was simulated using a three dimensional numerical heat transfer and fluid flow model. The weld pool solidified between pulses and regions of the weld bead melted and solidified several times during welding. Short laser pulses restricted the width of the weld track and velocities in the weld pool. However, convection still remained an important mechanism of heat transfer in the weld pool. The computed high cooling rates during linear welding with neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet pulsed laser operated at 140 W average power, 20 Hz frequency, and 5 ms pulse duration were consistent with those observed in typical laser welding. After the laser beam was switched off, the mushy zone expanded, reaching its maximum size when no pure liquid region remained. Calculations of solidification parameters indicated that the criterion for plane front solidification was not satisfied. The results demonstrate that the application of numerical transport phenomena can significantly improve the current understanding of linear welding with a pulsed laser beam. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Roy, GG (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM debroy@psu.edu RI DebRoy, Tarasankar/A-2106-2010 NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 6 U2 25 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 3 AR 034903 DI 10.1063/1.2214392 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 073SY UT WOS:000239764100115 ER PT J AU Jacobson, AR Holzworth, R Harlin, J Dowden, R Lay, E AF Jacobson, Abram R. Holzworth, Robert Harlin, Jeremiah Dowden, Richard Lay, Erin TI Performance assessment of the world wide lightning location network (WWLLN), using the Los Alamos Sferic Array (LASA) as ground truth SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; EMISSIONS; ACCURACY; DETECTOR; UPGRADE; STORM; TIME; VHF AB The World Wide Lighting Location Network (WWLLN) locates lightning globally, using sparsely distributed very low frequency (VLF) detection stations. Due to WWLLN's detection at VLF (in this case +/- 10 kHz), the lightning signals from strong strokes can propagate up to similar to 10(4) km to WWLLN sensors and still be suitable for triggering a station. A systematic evaluation of the performance of WWLLN is undertaken, using a higher-frequency (0-500 kHz) detection array [the Los Alamos Sferic Array (LASA)] as a ground truth during an entire thunderstorm season in a geographically confined case study in Florida. It is found that (a) WWLLN stroke-detection efficiency rises sharply to several percent as the estimated lightning current amplitude surpasses similar to 30 kA; (b) WWLLN spatial accuracy is around 15 km, good enough to resolve convective-storm cells within a larger storm complex; (c) WWLLN is able to detect intracloud and cloud-to-ground discharges with comparable efficiency, as long as the current is comparable; (d) WWLLN detects lightning-producing storms with high efficiency in every 3-h epoch; thus, WWLLN can be useful for locating deep convection for weather forecasting on 3-h update cycles; and ( e) WWLLN detects a stroke count in each storm that is weakly proportional to the stroke count detected by LASA. Thus, to the extent that lightning rate can serve as a statistical proxy for rainfall, WWLLN may eventually provide rainfall-proxy data to be assimilated in 3-h forecast update cycles. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. Low Frequency Electromagnet, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Jacobson, AR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM abramj@u.washington.edu OI Lay, Erin/0000-0002-1310-9035 NR 32 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 23 IS 8 BP 1082 EP 1092 DI 10.1175/JTECH1902.1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 076TF UT WOS:000239979900005 ER PT J AU Reda, I Hickey, JR Grobner, J Andreas, A Stoffel, T AF Reda, Ibrahim Hickey, John R. Groebner, Julian Andreas, Afshin Stoffel, Tom TI Calibrating pyrgeometers outdoors independent from the reference value of the atmospheric longwave irradiance SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE pyrgeometer; atmospheric longwave irradiance; ARM; blackbody; absolute sky-scanning radiometer; ASR ID SKY-SCANNING RADIOMETER; UNCERTAINTY AB In this article, we describe a method for the calibration of thermopile pyrgeometers in the absence of a reference for measurement of atmospheric longwave irradiance. This is referred to as the incoming longwave irradiance in this article. The method is based on an indoor calibration using a low-temperature blackbody source to obtain the calibration coefficients that determine the pyrgeometer's radiation characteristics. From these coefficients the outgoing irradiance of the pyrgeometer can be calculated. The pyrgeometer is then installed outdoors on an aluminum plate that is connected to a circulating temperature bath. By adjusting the temperature bath to the approximate value of the effective sky temperature, the pyrgeometer's body temperature is lowered changing the pyrgeometer's thermopile output. If the incoming longwave irradiance is stable, the slope of the outgoing irradiance versus the pyrgeometer's thermopile output is the outdoor net irradiance responsivity (RS(net)), independent of the absolute value of the atmospheric longwave irradiance. The indoor calibration coefficients and the outdoor RS(net) are then used in the pyrgeometer equation to calculate the incoming longwave irradiance. To evaluate this method, the calculated irradiance using the derived coefficients was compared to the irradiance measured using a pyrgeometer with direct traceability to the World Infrared Standard Group (WISG). This is maintained at the Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos, World Radiation Center, Switzerland. Based on results from four pyrgeometers calibrations, this method suggests measurement agreement with the WISG to within +/- 3 W/m(2) for all sky conditions. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. WRC, PMOD, Davos, Switzerland. RP Reda, I (reprint author), US DOE, NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM ibrahim_reda@nrel.gov NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 68 IS 12 BP 1416 EP 1424 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2006.05.013 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 079GV UT WOS:000240164800013 ER PT J AU Rieger, R Leung, PSC Jeddeloh, MR Kurth, MJ Nantz, MH Lam, KS Barsky, D Ansari, AA Coppel, RL Mackay, IR Gershwin, ME AF Rieger, Roman Leung, Patrick S. C. Jeddeloh, Melissa R. Kurth, Mark J. Nantz, Michael H. Lam, Kit S. Barsky, Daniel Ansari, Aftab A. Coppel, Ross L. Mackay, Ian R. Gershwin, M. Eric TI Identification of 2-nonynoic acid, a cosmetic component, as a potential trigger of primary biliary cirrhosis SO JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY LA English DT Article DE autoepitope; microarray platform; primary biliary cirrhosis; xenobiotics ID NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; MITOCHONDRIAL AUTO-ANTIGEN; TEMPO-MEDIATED OXIDATION; HUMAN SERUM-ALBUMIN; DIHYDROLIPOAMIDE ACETYLTRANSFERASE; COVALENT BINDING; IN-VITRO; AUTOANTIBODIES; DEHYDROGENASE; IMMUNIZATION AB Anti mitochondrial antibodies (AMA) are unique among autoimmune serologic reactants because of their extremely high association with the index disease primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). This autoantibody response is specifically directed only to the lipoyl domain of the mitochondrial 2-oxo-acid dehydrogenase complexes, which prompted us to search for environmental mimotopes in the form of xenobiotics and led to our identification of 2-octynoic acid as a high-affinity reactant for AMA. To focus on the chemical characteristics requisite for binding of AMA to the xenobiotic-modified self-peptide, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies were performed using a panel of alkynoic compounds, including examination of the length of the carbon chain and the location of the triple bond in the identified mimotope. Analyses of octynamides that varied in the position of the triple bond demonstrated that only the 2-octynamide reacted strongly with PBC sera. Furthermore, among 2-alkynamides with varying carbon chain length, 2-octyn-, 2-nonyn- (particularly) and 2-decynamide exhibited the highest reactivity. Thus, an optimal chemical structure of the xenobiotically modified epitope recognized by AMA-positive PBC sera is provided by 2-nonynoic acid. The methyl ester of this compound is ranked 2324th out of 12,945 compounds to which there is occupational exposure, with an 80% female prevalence due to its use in cosmetic products. Our findings illustrate an unusual polyreactivity of anti-PDC-E2 and support the idea of epitope mimicry in the genesis of this autoantibody and perhaps of PBC itself. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Div Rheumatol Allergy & Clin Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Canc, Dept Internal Med, Div Hematol & Oncol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. Monash Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. RP Gershwin, ME (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Div Rheumatol Allergy & Clin Immunol, GBSF 6510, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM megershwin@ucdavis.edu RI Coppel, Ross/A-6626-2008; Mackay, Ian/A-7228-2010 OI Coppel, Ross/0000-0002-4476-9124; FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK037003, DK39588] NR 47 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0896-8411 J9 J AUTOIMMUN JI J. Autoimmun. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 27 IS 1 BP 7 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.jaut.2006.06.002 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 084QH UT WOS:000240549000002 PM 16876981 ER PT J AU Buchko, GW Kim, CY Terwilliger, TC Kennedy, MA AF Buchko, Garry W. Kim, Chang-Yub Terwilliger, Thomas C. Kennedy, Michael A. TI Solution structure of the conserved hypothetical protein Rv2302 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FORMAMIDOPYRIMIDINE-DNA GLYCOSYLASE; ISOTOPICALLY-ENRICHED PROTEINS; CHEMICAL-SHIFT; RESONANCE ASSIGNMENTS; IMPROVED SENSITIVITY; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; BACKBONE DYNAMICS; BINDING DOMAIN; NMR; C-13 AB The Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein Rv2302 (80 residues; molecular mass of 8.6 kDa) has been characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. While the biochemical function of Rv2302 is still unknown, recent microarray analyses show that Rv2302 is upregulated in response to starvation and overexpression of heat shock proteins and, consequently, may play a role in the biochemical processes associated with these events. Rv2302 is a monomer in solution as shown by size exclusion chromatography and NMR spectroscopy. CD spectroscopy suggests that Rv2302 partially unfolds upon heating and that this unfolding is reversible. Using NMR-based methods, the solution structure of Rv2302 was determined. The protein contains a five-strand, antiparallel P-sheet core with one C-terminal alpha-helix (A61 to A75) nestled against its side. Hydrophobic interactions between residues in the alpha-helix and beta-strands 3 and 4 hold the alpha-helix near the beta-sheet core. The electrostatic potential on the solvent-accessible surface is primarily negative with the exception of a positive arginine pocket composed of residues R18, R70, and R74. Steady-state {H-1}-N-15 heteronuclear nuclear Overhauser effects indicate that the protein's core is rigid on the picosecond timescale. The absence of amide cross-peaks for residues G13 to H19 in the H-1-N-15 heteronuclear single quantum correlation spectrum suggests that this region, a loop between beta-strands 1 and 2, undergoes motion on the millisecond to microsecond timescale. Dali searches using the structure closest to the average structure do not identify any high similarities to any other known protein structure, suggesting that the structure of Rv2302 may represent a novel protein fold. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Kennedy, MA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, POB 999,Mail Stop K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ma_kennedy@pnl.gov RI Terwilliger, Thomas/K-4109-2012; Buchko, Garry/G-6173-2015; OI Terwilliger, Thomas/0000-0001-6384-0320; Buchko, Garry/0000-0002-3639-1061; Kim, Chang-Yub/0000-0001-9353-5909 NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 188 IS 16 BP 5993 EP 6001 DI 10.1128/JB.00460-06 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 073AS UT WOS:000239715200035 PM 16885468 ER PT J AU Hobbs, DT Messer, RLW Lewis, JB Click, DR Lockwood, PE Wataha, JC AF Hobbs, D. T. Messer, R. L. W. Lewis, J. B. Click, D. R. Lockwood, P. E. Wataha, J. C. TI Adsorption of biometals to monosodium titanate in biological environments SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE spectroscopy; auranofin; cytokines; monocytes; succinate dehydrogenase ID REMOVAL AB Monosodium titanate (MST) is an inorganic sorbent/ion exchanger developed for the removal of radionuclides from nuclear wastes. We investigated the ability of MST to bind Cd(II), Hg(II), Au(III), or the Au-organic compound auranofin to establish the utility of MST for applications in environmental decontamination or medical therapy (drug delivery). Adsorption isotherms for MST were determined at pH 7-7.5 in water or phosphate-buffered saline. The extent of metal binding was determined spectroscopically by measuring the concentrations of the metals in solution before and after contact with the MST. Cytotoxic responses to MST were assessed using THP1 monocytes and succinate dehydrogenase activity. Monocytic activation by MST was assessed by TNF alpha secretion (ELISA) with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation. MST adsorbed Cd(II), Hg(II), and Au(III) under conditions similar to those in physiological systems. MST exhibited the highest affinity for Cd(II) followed by Hg(II) and An (III). MST (up to 100 mg/L) exhibited only minor (< 25% suppression of succinate dehydrogenase) cytotoxicity and did not trigger TNFa secretion nor modulate LPS-induced TNFa secretion from monocytes. MST exhibits high affinity for biometals with no significant biological liabilities in these introductory studies. MST deserves further scrutiny as a substance with the capacity to decontaminate biological environments or deliver metals or metal compounds for therapeutic applications. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Med Coll Georgia, Dept Oral Biol & Maxillofacial Pathol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Wataha, JC (reprint author), Med Coll Georgia, Dept Oral Biol & Maxillofacial Pathol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. EM watahaj@mail.mcg.edu NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4973 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES B JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B PD AUG PY 2006 VL 78B IS 2 BP 296 EP 301 DI 10.1002/jbm.b.30487 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 067KF UT WOS:000239300000012 PM 16362965 ER PT J AU Attwood, D Chao, W Anderson, E Liddle, JA Harteneck, B Fischer, P Schneider, G Le Gros, M Larabell, C AF Attwood, David Chao, Weilun Anderson, Erik Liddle, J. Alexander Harteneck, Bruce Fischer, Peter Schneider, Gerd Le Gros, Mark Larabell, Carolyn TI Imaging at High Spatial Resolution: Soft X-Ray Microscopy to 15 nm SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Soft X-Ray; Microscopy AB Soft X-ray microscopy has now achieved 15 nm spatial resolution with new zone plates and bending magnet radiation. Combined with elemental sensitivity and flexible sample environment (applied magnetic or electric fields, wet samples, windows, overcoatings) this emerges as a valuable tool for nanoscience and nanotechnology, complimenting common electron and scanning tip microscopies. In this presentation we describe recent advances in spatial resolution, expectations for the near future, and applications to magnetic materials, bio-tomography, etc. C1 [Attwood, David; Chao, Weilun] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Attwood, David; Chao, Weilun; Anderson, Erik; Liddle, J. Alexander; Harteneck, Bruce; Fischer, Peter] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schneider, Gerd] BESSY Synchrotron Facil, Berlin, Germany. [Le Gros, Mark; Larabell, Carolyn] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Xray Tomog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Larabell, Carolyn] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Attwood, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Fischer, Peter/A-3020-2010; MSD, Nanomag/F-6438-2012; Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Fischer, Peter/0000-0002-9824-9343; Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 12 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1550-7033 J9 J BIOMED NANOTECHNOL JI J. Biomed. Nanotechnol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 2 IS 2 BP 75 EP 78 DI 10.1166/jbn.2006.011 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine GA V85AW UT WOS:000205748200002 ER PT J AU Preti, G Willse, A Labows, JN Leyden, JJ Wahl, J Kwak, J AF Preti, George Willse, Alan Labows, John N. Leyden, James J. Wahl, Jon Kwak, Jae TI On the definition and measurement of human scent: Comments on Curran et al. SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID HUMAN AXILLA; PRECURSORS; IDENTIFICATION; ODORANT; SWEAT C1 Monell Chem Senses Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Colgate Palmolive Co, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Preti, G (reprint author), Monell Chem Senses Ctr, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM preti@pobox.upenn.edu RI Kwak, Jae/E-5781-2011 OI Kwak, Jae/0000-0003-4216-2019 NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1613 EP 1616 DI 10.1007/s10886-006-9095-y PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 073DD UT WOS:000239722000001 PM 16900421 ER PT J AU Curran, AM Rabin, SI Prada, PA Furton, KG AF Curran, Allison M. Rabin, Scott I. Prada, Paola A. Furton, Kenneth G. TI On the definition and measurement of human scent: Response by Curran et al. SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID MOSQUITO AEDES-AEGYPTI; HUMAN SKIN EMANATIONS; VOLATILE COMPOUNDS; IDENTIFICATION; DOGS; SPECTROMETRY; RELIABILITY; ATTRACTANTS; SYSTEM; ODORS C1 Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Int Forens Res Inst, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Fed Bur Invest Acad, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Quantico, VA 22135 USA. MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Furton, KG (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Int Forens Res Inst, Univ Pk, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM furtonk@f.u.edu NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1617 EP 1623 DI 10.1007/s10886-006-9096-x PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 073DD UT WOS:000239722000002 ER PT J AU Sun, DZ Zhang, T Covey, C Klein, SA Collins, WD Hack, JJ Kiehl, JT Meehl, GA Held, IM Suarez, M AF Sun, D. -Z. Zhang, T. Covey, C. Klein, S. A. Collins, W. D. Hack, J. J. Kiehl, J. T. Meehl, G. A. Held, I. M. Suarez, M. TI Radiative and dynamical feedbacks over the equatorial cold tongue: Results from nine atmospheric GCMs SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE SYSTEM MODEL; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; 1986-87 EL-NINO; WATER-VAPOR; CUMULUS CONVECTION; CLOUD FEEDBACK; PART I; OCEAN; TEMPERATURE; GREENHOUSE AB The equatorial Pacific is a region with strong negative feedbacks. Yet coupled general circulation models (GCMs) have exhibited a propensity to develop a significant SST bias in that region, suggesting an unrealistic sensitivity in the coupled models to small energy flux errors that inevitably occur in the individual model components. Could this "hypersensitivity" exhibited in a coupled model be due to an underestimate of the strength of the negative feedbacks in this region? With this suspicion, the feedbacks in the equatorial Pacific in nine atmospheric GCMs (AGCMs) have been quantified using the interannual variations in that region and compared with the corresponding calculations from the observations. The nine AGCMs are the NCAR Community Climate Model version 1 (CAM1), the NCAR Community Climate Model version 2 (CAM2), the NCAR Community Climate Model version 3 (CAM3), the NCAR CAM3 at T85 resolution, the NASA Seasonal-to-Interannual Prediction Project (NSIPP) Atmospheric Model, the Hadley Centre Atmospheric Model (HadAM3), the Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL) model (LMDZ4), the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) AM2p10, and the GFDL AM2p12. All the corresponding coupled runs of these nine AGCMs have an excessive cold tongue in the equatorial Pacific. The net atmospheric feedback over the equatorial Pacific in the two GFDL models is found to be comparable to the observed value. All other models are found to have a weaker negative net feedback from the atmosphere - a weaker regulating effect on the underlying SST than the real atmosphere. Except for the French (IPSL) model, a weaker negative feedback from the cloud albedo and a weaker negative feedback from the atmospheric transport are the two leading contributors to the weaker regulating effect from the atmosphere. The underestimate of the strength of the negative feedbacks by the models is apparently linked to an underestimate of the equatorial precipitation response. All models have a stronger water vapor feedback than that indicated in Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) observations. These results confirm the suspicion that an underestimate of the regulatory effect from the atmosphere over the equatorial Pacific region is a prevalent problem. The results also suggest, however, that a weaker regulatory effect from the atmosphere is unlikely solely responsible for the hypersensitivity in all models. The need to validate the feedbacks from the ocean transport is therefore highlighted. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. NASA, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Sun, DZ (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dezheng.sun@noaa.gov RI Collins, William/J-3147-2014; Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016 OI Collins, William/0000-0002-4463-9848; Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X NR 54 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 19 IS 16 BP 4059 EP 4074 DI 10.1175/JCLI3835.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 080DT UT WOS:000240228000017 ER PT J AU Reno, MD James, SC Altman, SJ AF Reno, Marissa D. James, Scott C. Altman, Susan J. TI Colloid dispersion in a uniform-aperture fracture SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dispersion; colloids; transport; uniform-aperture fracture ID NEVADA TEST-SITE; SATURATED FRACTURES; FACILITATED TRANSPORT; CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT; MEDIA; MIGRATION; RADIONUCLIDES; DEPOSITION; PLUTONIUM; ROCK AB This research investigates the dispersion of colloids through fracture systems by exploring experimentally and numerically the transport and dispersion of 1.0-. 0.11-, and 0.043-mu m diameter fluorescent carboxylate-modified microspheres and chloride at various flow rates through variable-length, synthetic Plexiglas fractures (flow cells). A dimensionless number describing each experiment is varied by changing the colloid size. flow rate. and fracture length. Surface characteristics of the microspheres and Plexiglas favor repulsive interactions, thereby minimizing the chance of colloid filtration and remobilization. Full recovery of the colloids is typically observed, thereby supporting the assumption of negligible colloid filtration. In comparison to chloride transport, there is increased tailing for colloid plumes traveling through the flow cell. This increased tailing is attributed to Taylor dispersion phenomena (dispersion due to an advection gradient). In the synthetic fractures investigated here. colloid dispersion due to the velocity gradient is evident, but fully developed Taylor conditions are not realized. A particle-tracking algorithm is run inversely to estimate the effective dispersion rate for the colloid plume in each experiment as a function of the experimental parameters (flow rate. fracture length, and colloid size). Results suggest that the log of the effective dispersion rate of the colloid plume increases linearly with the log of the dimensionless number comprising experimental parameters. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Reno, MD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mdreno@sandia.gov OI James, Scott/0000-0001-7955-0491 NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 300 IS 1 BP 383 EP 390 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.03.067 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 061MW UT WOS:000238877700051 PM 16631188 ER PT J AU Gu, Z Edgar, JH Coffey, DW Chaudhuri, J Nyakiti, L Lee, RG Wen, JG AF Gu, Z. Edgar, J. H. Coffey, D. W. Chaudhuri, J. Nyakiti, L. Lee, R. G. Wen, J. G. TI Defect-selective etching of scandium nitride crystals SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE defects; etching; nitrides; semiconducting materials ID MAGNETRON SPUTTER-DEPOSITION; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; GROWTH; SCN; MICROSTRUCTURE; EVOLUTION; FILMS; PITS AB Defect-selective etching was developed for scandium, nitride (ScN) crystals. ScN crystals were etched in fused KOH/NaOH eutectic mixtures between 180 and 440 degrees C for up to 10min. Several etch pit shapes were observed, and their formation was dependent on the etching temperature. The different etch pit shapes probably originated from different crystalline orientations and defect types. Square etch pits with steps formed at screw and mixed dislocations, as verified by transmission electron microscopy. The density of the etch pits was on the order of 10(4)-10(6) cm(-2) for bulk ScN crystals produced by sublimation. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Illinois, Ctr Microanal Mat, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Gu, Z (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM guzheng@ksu.edu RI Chaudhuri, Jharna/E-8863-2013 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 293 IS 2 BP 242 EP 246 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.03.065 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 075KB UT WOS:000239882600003 ER PT J AU Mannella, N Rosenhahn, A Nambu, A Sell, BC Mun, BS Yang, SH Marchesini, S Watanabe, M Ibrahim, K Ritchey, SB Tomioka, Y Fadley, CS AF Mannella, N. Rosenhahn, A. Nambu, A. Sell, B. C. Mun, B. S. Yang, S. -H. Marchesini, S. Watanabe, M. Ibrahim, K. Ritchey, S. B. Tomioka, Y. Fadley, C. S. TI Surface characterization of colossal magnetoresistive manganites La1-xSrxMnO3 using photoelectron spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE photoemission; manganese perovskites; surface versus bulk composition ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; THIN-FILMS; PEROVSKITE MANGANITES; MANGANESE PEROVSKITES; SPIN POLARIZATION; PHOTOEMISSION; TRANSITION; SEGREGATION; LANTHANUM(III); LA1-XCAXMNO3 AB We have studied the temperature and time dependence of the surface chemical composition and atomic structure of in situ fractured colossal magnetoresistive perovskites La1-xSrxMnO (x = 0.3, 0.4) using core-level photoelectron spectroscopy and diffraction, simultaneous with observing marked changes in both core and valence electronic structure on going above the Curie temperature [N. Mannella et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 (2004) 166401]. Stoichiometric analyses via core-level intensity ratios show that the near-surface composition is very nearly the same as that of the nominal (bulk) stoichiometry and further show that, during duration of our experiments, the degree of surface stoichiometry alteration or contamination has been minimal. The effects of photoelectron diffraction on such analyses are also explored. We comment on the degree to which near-surface composition or atomic-structure alterations might influence spectroscopic investigations of these manganites, or other strongly correlated materials. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. LBNL, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Chem, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RIKEN, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. Beijing Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Beijing, Peoples R China. AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058562, Japan. RP Mannella, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM NMannella@lbl.gov RI Marchesini, Stefano/A-6795-2009; Rosenhahn, Axel/F-7319-2011; MSD, Nanomag/F-6438-2012; Mun, Bongjin /G-1701-2013 OI Rosenhahn, Axel/0000-0001-9393-7190; NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 153 IS 1-2 BP 37 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2006.06.003 PG 21 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 077BY UT WOS:000240003900005 ER PT J AU Jones, FE Talin, AA Leonard, F Dentinger, PM Clift, WM AF Jones, F. E. Talin, A. A. Leonard, F. Dentinger, P. M. Clift, W. M. TI Effect of electrode material on transport and chemical sensing characteristics of metal/carbon nanotube contacts SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE DNA-wrapped carbon nanotubes; ultrathin oxide; chemical vapor sensing ID CARBON NANOTUBES; WORK-FUNCTIONS AB In this paper, we report on the electrical transport characteristics and sensitivity to chemical exposure of single wall carbon nanotube devices fabricated on Pd, plasma-oxidized Pd, and Au electrodes. When the devices are exposed to vapors from ammonia, ethanol, and water, the response of current to each chemical is unique. However, there is essentially no difference in response between devices with different electrode materials. This finding suggests that for the chemical species tested in this study, the main interaction is on the nanotube or nanotube junction, and not on the effect stemming from electrode adsorption and the change in electrode work function. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Jones, FE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM aatalin@sandia.gov NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1641 EP 1646 DI 10.1007/s11664-006-0211-0 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 078AE UT WOS:000240072400007 ER PT J AU Davoudiasl, H Lillie, B Rizzo, TG AF Davoudiasl, Hooman Lillie, Ben Rizzo, Thomas G. TI Off-the-Wall Higgs in the universal Randall-Sundrum model SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE compactification and string models; beyond standard model; Higgs physics ID GAUSS-BONNET INTERACTION; LOCALIZED GRAVITY; CURVATURE TERMS; BULK FIELDS; BOSON; HIERARCHY; PHYSICS AB We outline a consistent Randall-Sundrum (RS) framework in which a fundamental 5-dimensional Higgs doublet induces electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB). In this framework of a warped Universal Extra Dimension, the lightest Kaluza- Klein (KK) mode of the bulk Higgs is tachyonic leading to a vacuum expectation value (vev) at the TeV scale. The consistency of this picture imposes a set of constraints on the parameters in the Higgs sector. A novel feature of our scenario is the emergence of an adjustable bulk profile for the Higgs vev. We also find a tower of non-tachyonic Higgs KK modes at the weak scale. We consider an interesting implementation of this "Off-the-Wall Higgs" mechanism where the 5-dimensional curvature-scalar coupling alone generates the tachyonic mode responsible for EWSB. In this case, additional relations among the parameters of the Higgs and gravitational sectors are established. We discuss the experimental signatures of the bulk Higgs in general, and those of the "Gravity-Induced" EWSB in particular. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Davoudiasl, H (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM hooman@physics.wisc.edu; lillieb@slac.stanford.edu; rizzo@slac.stanford.edu NR 66 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD AUG PY 2006 IS 8 AR 042 DI 10.1088/1126-6708/2006/08/042 PG 25 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 083MU UT WOS:000240460800042 ER PT J AU Ajami, NK Duan, QY Gao, XG Sorooshian, S AF Ajami, Newsha K. Duan, Qingyun Gao, Xiaogang Sorooshian, Soroosh TI Multimodel combination techniques for analysis of hydrological simulations: Application to Distributed Model Intercomparison Project results SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; STREAMFLOW SIMULATION; SEASONAL CLIMATE; FORECASTS; SUPERENSEMBLE; UNCERTAINTY; WEATHER; CALIBRATION; ENSEMBLES; OUTPUTS AB This paper examines several multimodel combination techniques that are used for streamflow forecasting: the simple model average (SMA), the multimodel superensemble (MMSE), modified multimodel superensemble (M3SE), and the weighted average method (WAM). These model combination techniques were evaluated using the results from the Distributed Model Intercomparison Project ( DMIP), an international project sponsored by the National Weather Service (NWS) Office of Hydrologic Development (OHD). All of the multimodel combination results were obtained using uncalibrated DMIP model simulations and were compared against the best-uncalibrated as well as the best-calibrated individual model results. The purpose of this study is to understand how different combination techniques affect the accuracy levels of the multimodel simulations. This study revealed that the multimodel simulations obtained from uncalibrated single-model simulations are generally better than any single-member model simulations, even the best-calibrated single-model simulations. Furthermore, more sophisticated multimodel combination techniques that incorporated bias correction step work better than simple multimodel average simulations or multimodel simulations without bias correction. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Ajami, NK (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, E-4130 Engn Gateway, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM nkhodata@uci.edu RI sorooshian, soroosh/B-3753-2008; Duan, Qingyun/C-7652-2011; Ajami, newsha/C-9151-2017 OI sorooshian, soroosh/0000-0001-7774-5113; Duan, Qingyun/0000-0001-9955-1512; Ajami, newsha/0000-0003-4421-3764 NR 35 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 7 IS 4 BP 755 EP 768 DI 10.1175/JHM519.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 086DO UT WOS:000240653900013 ER PT J AU Copeland, DM SoareS, AS West, AH Richter-Addo, GB AF Copeland, Daniel M. SoareS, Alexel S. West, Ann H. Richter-Addo, George B. TI Crystal structures of the nitrite and nitric oxide complexes of horse heart myoglobin SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE iron; nitrite; X-ray; nitric oxide; nitrosyl; heme; myoglobin ID ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE; ORGANIC NITROSO-COMPOUNDS; SCATTERING XAFS ANALYSES; HUMAN HEME OXYGENASE-1; LIGAND BOND LENGTHS; FERROUS-NO FORMS; IRON PORPHYRIN; ELECTROCATALYTIC REDUCTION; LINKAGE ISOMERISM; HUMAN-HEMOGLOBIN AB Nitrite is an important species in the global nitrogen cycle, and the nitrite reductase enzymes convert nitrite to nitric oxide (NO). Recently, it has been shown that hemoglobin and myoglobin catalyze the reduction of nitrite to NO under hypoxic conditions. We have determined the 1.20 angstrom resolution crystal structure of the nitrite adduct of ferric horse heart myoglobin (hh Mb). The ligand is bound to iron in the nitrito form, and the complex is formulated as Mb(III)(ONO-). The Fe-ONO bond length is 1.94 angstrom, and the O-N-O angle is 113 degrees. In addition, the nitrite ligand is stabilized by hydrogen bonding with the distal His64 residue. We have also determined the 1.30 angstrom resolution crystal structures of hh Mb(II)NO. When hh (MNO)-N-II is prepared from the reaction of metMb(III) with nitrite/dithionite, the FeNO angle is 144 degrees with a Fe-NO bond length of 1.87 angstrom. However, when prepared from the reaction of NO with reduced Mb(II), the FeNO angle is 120 degrees with a Fe-NO bond length of 2.13 angstrom. This difference in FeNO conformations as a function of preparative method is reproducible, and suggests a role of the distal pocket in hh Mb(II)NO in stabilizing local FeNO conformational minima. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Richter-Addo, GB (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Chem & Biochem, 620 Parrington Oval, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM grichteraddo@ou.edu RI Soares, Alexei/F-4800-2014 OI Soares, Alexei/0000-0002-6565-8503 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 64476] NR 99 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 5 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0162-0134 J9 J INORG BIOCHEM JI J. Inorg. Biochem. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 100 IS 8 BP 1413 EP 1425 DI 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2006.04.011 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 076TX UT WOS:000239981800015 PM 16777231 ER PT J AU Atac, M Arndt, K Gobbi, B Los, S Parashar, N Sellberg, G Spencer, E AF Atac, M. Arndt, K. Gobbi, B. Los, S. Parashar, N. Sellberg, G. Spencer, E. TI Leakage current measurements of high voltage ceramic capacitors SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE instrumentation for particle accelerators and storage rings - high energy (linear accelerators, synchrotrons); interaction of radiation with matter AB Leakage currents of NOVACAP Company NPO surface mount high voltage multilayer ceramic capacitors, type LS1808N102K302NX080, were measured before and after irradiation by 200 MeV protons at a fluence of 5 x 10(14)/cm(2). Two banks of 20 capacitors showed that the leakage current was < 1 x 10(-11) ampere. As we see from the results, the average current was very close to zero and the measurement accuracy was limited by the equipment sensitivity and the experimental setup noise. C1 [Atac, M.; Los, S.; Sellberg, G.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Arndt, K.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Gobbi, B.; Spencer, E.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Parashar, N.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. RP Atac, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM matac@fnal.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 1 AR T08001 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/1/08/T08001 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA V44AI UT WOS:000202975200007 ER PT J AU Sillerud, LO McDowell, AF Adolphi, NL Serda, RE Adams, DP Vasile, MJ Alam, TM AF Sillerud, Laurel O. McDowell, Andrew F. Adolphi, Natalie L. Serda, Rita E. Adams, David P. Vasile, Michael J. Alam, Todd M. TI H-1 NMR Detection of superparamagnetic nanoparticles at 1 T using a microcoil and novel tuning circuit SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE NMR; microcoil; SPION; permanent magnet; focused ion beam ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; SAMPLE VOLUMES; MICROSCALE NMR; IN-VITRO; DESIGN; NOISE; BIOMOLECULES; FABRICATION; PARTICLES AB Magnetic beads containing superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been shown to measurably change the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation properties of nearby protons in aqueous solution at distances up to similar to 50 mu m. Therefore, the NMR sensitivity for the in vitro detection of single cells or biomolecules labeled with magnetic beads will be maximized with microcoils of this dimension. We have constructed a prototype 550 pm diameter solenoidal microcoil using focused gallium ion milling of a gold/chromium layer. The NMR coil was brought to resonance by means of a novel auxiliary tuning circuit, and used to detect water with a spectral resolution of 2.5 Hz in a 1.04 T (44.2 MHz) permanent magnet. The single-scan SNR for water was 137, for a 200 mu s pi/2 pulse produced with an RF power of 0.25 mW. The nutation performance of the microcoil was sufficiently good so that the effects of magnetic beads on the relaxation characteristics of the surrounding water could be accurately measured. A solution of magnetic beads (Dynabeads MyOne Streptavidin) in deionized water at a concentration of 1000 beads per nL lowered the T, from 1.0 to 0.64 s and the T-2* from 110 to 0.91 ms. Lower concentrations (100 and 10 beads/nL) also resulted in measurable reductions in T2*, suggesting that low-field, microcoil NMR detection using permanent magnets can serve as a high-sensitivity, miniaturizable detection mechanism for very low concentrations of magnetic beads in biological fluids. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Canc Res & Treatment Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New Mexico Resonance, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Thin Film Vacuum & Packaging, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Elect & Nanostruct Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sillerud, LO (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Canc Res & Treatment Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM laurel@unm.edu OI Sillerud, Laurel/0000-0002-5115-4339 NR 38 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 EI 1096-0856 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 181 IS 2 BP 181 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2006.04.005 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 072XV UT WOS:000239707400001 PM 16698297 ER PT J AU Holland, GP Alam, TM AF Holland, Gregory P. Alam, Todd M. TI Multi-dimensional H-1-C-13 HETCOR and FSLG-HETCOR NMR study of sphingomyelin bilayers containing cholesterol in the gel and liquid crystalline states SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE 2D HETCOR; FSLG; sphingomyelin; cholesterol; liquid ordered phase; membranes; gel phase; lipid ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; DIPOLAR-CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; STEROL-MEMBRANE INTERACTIONS; HYDROCARBON CHAIN MOBILITY; ANGLE-SPINNING NMR; MAGIC-ANGLE; BIOLOGICAL-MEMBRANES; LIPID RAFTS; POLARIZATION TRANSFER; MAS NMR AB C-13 cross polarization magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) and H-1 MAS NMR spectra were collected on egg sphingomyelin (SM) bilayers containing cholesterol above and below the liquid crystalline phase transition temperature (T-m). Two-dimensional (2D) dipolar heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) spectra were obtained on SM bilayers in the liquid crystalline (L-alpha) state for the first time and display improved resolution and chemical shift dispersion compared to the individual H-1 and C-13 spectra and significantly aid in spectral assignment. In the gel (L-beta) state, the H-1 dimension suffers from line broadening due to the H-1-H-1 homonuclear dipolar coupling that is not completely averaged by the combination of lipid mobility and MAS. This line broadening is significantly suppressed by implementing frequency switched Lee-Goldburg (FSLG) homonuclear H-1 decoupling during the evolution period. In the liquid crystalline (L-alpha) phase, no improvement in line width is observed when FSLG is employed. All of the observed resonances are assignable to cholesterol and SM environments. This study demonstrates the ability to obtain 2D heteronuclear correlation experiments in the gel state for biomembranes, expands on previous SM assignments, and presents a comprehensive H-1/C-13 NNIR assignment of SM bilayers containing cholesterol. Comparisons are made to a previous report on cholesterol chemical shifts in dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) bilayers. A number of similarities and some differences are observed and discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Elect & Nanostruct Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Alam, TM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Elect & Nanostruct Mat, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tmalam@sandia.gov NR 70 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 181 IS 2 BP 316 EP 326 DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2006.05.017 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 072XV UT WOS:000239707400018 PM 16798032 ER PT J AU Islam, Z Haskel, D Lang, JC Srajer, G Lee, Y Harmon, BN Goldman, AI Schlagel, DL Lograsso, TA AF Islam, Z Haskel, D Lang, JC Srajer, G Lee, Y Harmon, BN Goldman, AI Schlagel, DL Lograsso, TA TI An X-ray study of non-zero nickel moment in a ferromagnetic shape-memory alloy SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE ferromagnetic shape-memory alloys; martensitic transformation; X-ray magnetic circular dichroism; XMCD; Ni(2)MnGa ID MAGNETIC-CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; 3D TRANSITION-METALS; FIELD-INDUCED STRAIN; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; HEUSLER ALLOYS; SUM-RULE; NI2MNGA; ABSORPTION AB The existence of a magnetic moment at the nickel sites in ferromagnetic shape-memory alloys (FSMA) has long been speculated. Using a state-of-the-art X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) technique we found that Ni 3d moments indeed exist in Ni-Mn-Ga-based FSMA. Band-structure calculations were used to simulate the XMCD spectra and estimate this moment to be similar to 0.33 mu(B). Such a Ni moment plays a critical role in the dispersions of non-collinear spin structures, which determine the finite-temperature magnetic properties. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Islam, Z (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM zahir@aps.anl.gov NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 303 IS 1 BP 20 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2005.10.245 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 037TG UT WOS:000237169400005 ER PT J AU Farrell, DF Ijiri, Y Kelly, CV Borchers, JA Rhyne, JJ Ding, Y Majetich, SA AF Farrell, D. F. Ijiri, Y. Kelly, C. V. Borchers, J. A. Rhyne, J. J. Ding, Y. Majetich, S. A. TI Small angle neutron scattering study of disordered and crystalline iron nanoparticle assemblies SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Physics of Magnetic Materials CY SEP 13-16, 2005 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE DE magnetic nanoparticle; small angle neutron scattering; small angle X-ray scattering; self-assembled array; nanoparticle crystal ID MAGNETIC PARTICLES; ARRAYS; FE; SUPERLATTICES; CO AB Monodisperse surfactant-coated iron nanoparticles are used to form both disordered nanoparticle assemblies and ordered face-centered cubic nanoparticle crystals. The structural order is probed by small angle X-ray scattering, and the magnetic scattering is studied using small angle neutron scattering. The magnetic scattering corresponding to different length scales is interpreted in terms of collective correlations among the particles within the assemblies. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. UCL, Dept Phys, London WC1E 7HN, England. Oberlin Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Majetich, SA (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM sm70@andrew.cmu.edu RI Kelly, Christopher/J-1206-2014; Majetich, Sara/B-1022-2015 OI Kelly, Christopher/0000-0003-0886-8691; Majetich, Sara/0000-0003-0848-9317 NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 303 IS 2 SI SI BP 318 EP 322 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.01.219 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 049CF UT WOS:000237992400010 ER PT J AU Miller, SF Li, R Wang, H Shih, AJ AF Miller, Scott F. Li, Rui Wang, Hsin Shih, Albert J. TI Experimental and numerical analysis of the friction drilling process SO JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID TUBULAR COLUMNS; FLOWDRILL CONNECTORS; ROTATIONAL STIFFNESS; STRENGTH AB Friction drilling is a nontraditional hole-making process. A rotating conical tool is applied to penetrate a hole and create a bushing in a single step without generating chips. Friction drilling relies on the heat generated from the frictional force between the tool and sheet metal workpiece to soften, penetrate, and deform the work-material into a bushing shape. The mechanical and thermal aspects of friction drilling are studied in this research. Under the constant tool feed rate, the experimentally measured thrust force and torque were analyzed. An infrared camera is applied to measure the temperature of the tool and workpiece. Two models are developed for friction drilling. One is the thermal finite element model to predict the distance of tool travel before the workpiece reaches the 250 degrees C threshold temperature that is detectable by an infrared camera. Another is a force model to predict the thrust force and torque in friction drilling based on the measured temperature, material properties, and estimated area of contact. The results of this study are used to identify research needs and. build the foundation for future friction drilling process optimization. C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Miller, SF (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1087-1357 J9 J MANUF SCI E-T ASME JI J. Manuf. Sci. Eng.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2006 VL 128 IS 3 BP 802 EP 810 DI 10.1115/1.2193554 PG 9 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 067AB UT WOS:000239271200023 ER PT J AU Singh, P AF Singh, Prabhakar TI Untitled SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Singh, P (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 15 IS 4 BP 387 EP 387 DI 10.1361/105994906X117350 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 071XR UT WOS:000239637700001 ER PT J AU Holcomb, GR Alman, DE AF Holcomb, Gordon R. Alman, David E. TI Effect of manganese addition on reactive evaporation of chromium in Ni-Cr alloys SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fuel Cells and Energy Storage Systems CY OCT 18-21, 2004 CL Columbus, OH DE chromium; evaporation; interconnect; manganese; solid oxide fuel cell; spinet ID DOPED LAMNO3 ELECTRODES; OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; DEPOSITION; VOLATILITY; VAPOR AB Chromium is used as an alloy addition in stainless steels and nickel-chromium alloys to form protective chromium oxide scales. Chromium oxide undergoes reactive evaporation in high-temperature exposures in the presence of oxygen and/or water vapor. Deposition of gaseous chromium species onto solid oxide fuel-cell electrodes can reduce the efficiency of the fuel cell. Manganese additions to the alloy can reduce the activity of chromium in the oxide, either from solid solution replacement of chromium with manganese (at low levels of manganese) or from the formation of manganese-chromium spinels (at high levels of manganese). This reduction in chromium activity leads to a predicted reduction in chromium evaporation factors as much as 35 at 800 degrees C and 55 at 700 degrees C. Quantifying the effects of manganese additions on chromium evaporation should aid alloy development of metallic interconnects and balance-of-plant alloys. C1 Natl Energy Technol Lab, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Holcomb, GR (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. EM gordon.holcomb@netl.doe.gov RI Holcomb, Gordon/G-9070-2013 OI Holcomb, Gordon/0000-0003-3542-5319 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 15 IS 4 BP 394 EP 398 DI 10.1361/105994906X117170 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 071XR UT WOS:000239637700003 ER PT J AU Chen, L Jha, B Yang, ZG Xia, GG Stevenson, JW Singh, P AF Chen, L. Jha, B. Yang, Zhenguo Xia, Guang-Guang Stevenson, Jeffry W. Singh, Prabhakar TI Clad metals by roll bonding for SOFC interconnects SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fuel Cells and Energy Storage Systems CY OCT 18-21, 2004 CL Columbus, OH DE clad metal; interconnect; roll bonding; solid oxide fuel cell ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS AB High-temperature oxidation-resistant alloys are currently considered as a candidate material for construction of interconnects in intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells. Among these alloys, however, different groups of alloys demonstrate different advantages and disadvantages, and few, if any, can completely satisfy the stringent requirements for the application. To integrate the advantages and avoid the disadvantages of different groups of alloys, cladding has been proposed as one approach in fabricating metallic layered interconnect structures. To examine the feasibility of this approach, the austenitic Ni-base alloy Haynes 230 and the ferritic stainless steel AL 453 were selected as examples and manufactured into a clad metal. Its suitability as an interconnect construction material was investigated. This paper provides a brief overview of the cladding approach and discusses the viability of this technology to fabricate the metallic layered-structure interconnects. C1 Engn Mat Solut, Attleboro, MA 02703 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chen, L (reprint author), 5 Wellington, Lincoln, RI 02865 USA. EM lichun_chen@beminc.com RI Singh, Prabhakar/M-3186-2013 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 15 IS 4 BP 399 EP 403 DI 10.1361/105994906X117189 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 071XR UT WOS:000239637700004 ER PT J AU Holcomb, GR Ziomek-Moroz, M Cramer, SD Covino, BS Bullard, SJ AF Holcomb, Gordon R. Ziomek-Moroz, Malgorzata Cramer, Stephen D. Covino, Bernard S., Jr. Bullard, Sophie J. TI Dual-environment effects on the oxidation of metallic interconnects SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fuel Cells and Energy Storage Systems CY OCT 18-21, 2004 CL Columbus, OH DE dual environment; hydrogen; interconnect; oxidation; solid oxide fuel cell; stainless steel AB Metallic interconnects in solid oxide fuel cells are exposed to a dual environment: fuel on one side (i.e., H-2 gas) and oxidizer on the other side (i.e., air). It has been observed that the oxidation behavior of thin stainless steel sheet in air is changed by the presence of H-2 on the other side of the sheet. The resulting dual-environment scales are flaky and more friable than the single-environment scales. The H-2 disrupts the scale on the air side. A model to explain some of the effects of a dual environment is presented where hydrogen diffusing through the stainless steel sheet reacts with oxygen diffusing through the scale to form water vapor, which has sufficient vapor pressure to mechanically disrupt the scale. Experiments on preoxidized 316L stainless steel tubing exposed to air-air, H-2-air, and H-2-Ar environments are reported in support of the model. C1 Natl Energy Technol Lab, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Holcomb, GR (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. EM gordon.holcomb@netl.doe.gov RI Holcomb, Gordon/G-9070-2013 OI Holcomb, Gordon/0000-0003-3542-5319 NR 13 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 7 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 15 IS 4 BP 404 EP 409 DI 10.1361/105994906X117198 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 071XR UT WOS:000239637700005 ER PT J AU Chou, YS Stevenson, JW AF Chou, Yeong-Shyung Stevenson, Jeffry W. TI Compressive mica seals for solid oxide fuel cells SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fuel Cells and Energy Storage Systems CY OCT 18-21, 2004 CL Columbus, OH DE leak rate; mica; open circuit voltage; phlogopite ID SEALANTS; SOFC AB Sealing technology is currently considered a top-priority task for planar solid oxide fuel-cell stack development. Compressive mica seals are among the major candidates for sealing materials due to their thermal, chemical, and electrical properties. In this paper, a comprehensive study of mica seals is presented. Two natural micas, muscovite and phlogopite, were investigated in either a monolithic single-crystal sheet form or a paper form composed of discrete mica flakes. A "hybrid" mica seal, developed after identification of the major leak paths in compressive mica seals, demonstrated leak rates that were hundreds to thousands times lower than leak rates for conventional mica seals. The hybrid mica seals were further modified by infiltration with wetting materials; these "infiltrated" micas showed excellent thermal cycle stability with very low leak rates (10(-3) sccm/cm). The micas were also subjected to studies to evaluate thermal stability in a reducing environment as well as the effect of compressive stresses on leak rates. In addition, long-term open circuit voltage measurements versus thermal cycling showed constant voltages over 1,000 cycles. The comprehensive study clearly demonstrated the potential of compressive mica seals as sealing candidates for solid oxide fuel cells. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Mat, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Chou, YS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Mat, POB 999, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM Yeong-Shyung.Chou@pnl.gov NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 15 IS 4 BP 414 EP 421 DI 10.1361/105994906X117215 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 071XR UT WOS:000239637700007 ER PT J AU Weil, KS Hardy, JS Koeppel, BJ AF Weil, K. Scott Hardy, John S. Koeppel, Brian J. TI New sealing concept for planar solid oxide fuel cells SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fuel Cells and Energy Storage Systems CY OCT 18-21, 2004 CL Columbus, OH DE bonded compliant seal; deformable metal foil; planar solid oxide fuel cells (pSOFC) ID SOFCS AB A key element in developing high-performance planar solid oxide fuel-cell stacks is the hermetic seal between the metal and ceramic components. Two methods of sealing are commonly used: (a) rigid joining and (b) compressive sealing. Each method has its own set of advantages and design constraints. An alternative approach is currently under development that appears to combine some of the advantages of the other two techniques, including hermeticity, mechanical integrity, and minimization of interfacial stresses in the joint substrate materials, particularly the ceramic cell. The new sealing concept relies on a plastically deformable metal seal; one that offers a quasi-dynamic mechanical response in that it is adherent to both sealing surfaces, i.e., non-sliding, but readily yields or deforms under thermally generated stresses. In this way, it mitigates the development of stresses in the adjacent ceramic and metal components even when a significant difference in thermal expansion exists between the two materials. The pre-experimental design of the seal, initial proof-of-principle results on small test specimens, and finite-element analyses aimed at scaling the seal to prototypical sizes and geometries are described herein. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Weil, KS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM scott.weil@pnl.gov RI Hardy, John/E-1938-2016 OI Hardy, John/0000-0002-1699-3196 NR 8 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 15 IS 4 BP 427 EP 432 DI 10.1361/105994906X117233 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 071XR UT WOS:000239637700009 ER PT J AU Liu, DJ Krumpelt, M Chien, HT Sheen, SH AF Liu, Di-Jia Krumpelt, Michael Chien, Huai-Te Sheen, Shuh-Haw TI Critical issues in catalytic diesel reforming for solid oxide fuel cells SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fuel Cells and Energy Storage Systems CY OCT 18-21, 2004 CL Columbus, OH DE catalytic diesel reforming; fuel injection; perovskite; solid oxide fuel cell AB Developing low-cost diesel-reforming catalysts and improving fuel mixing prior to catalytic reforming were addressed as two critical issues under the current study. Ruthenium-doped lanthanum chromite and aluminite were explored as catalysts for the autothermal reforming of diesel fuel. Dodecane was used as a surrogate fuel. Both catalysts yielded nearly 20 moles of hydrogen per mole of dodecane at oxygen-to-carbon ratios of 0.5 and steam-to-carbon ratios of 2 at space velocities near 100,000/h(-1). Both catalysts were shown to have good S tolerance when tested with a fuel mixture containing 50 parts per million S in the form of dibenzothiophene. Parallel to catalyst development, the impact of fuel mixing and vaporization through improved liquid injection also is under investigation. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liu, DJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM liud@cmt.anl.gov NR 2 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 15 IS 4 BP 442 EP 444 DI 10.1361/105994906X117279 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 071XR UT WOS:000239637700012 ER PT J AU Ager, JW Balooch, G Ritchie, RO AF Ager, J. W., III Balooch, G. Ritchie, R. O. TI Fracture, aging, and disease in bone SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID HUMAN CORTICAL BONE; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; GLUCOCORTICOID-INDUCED OSTEOPOROSIS; FATIGUE-CRACK-PROPAGATION; COLLAGEN CROSS-LINKS; HUMAN COMPACT-BONE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; RESISTANCE MECHANISM; TENSILE PROPERTIES; GROWTH RESISTANCE AB From a public health perspective, developing a detailed mechanistic understanding of the well-known increase with age in fracture risk of human bone is essential. This also represents a challenge from materials science and fracture mechanics viewpoints. Bone has a complex, hierarchical structure with characteristic features ranging from nanometer to macroscopic dimensions; it is therefore significantly more complex than most engineering materials. Nevertheless, by examining the micro-/nanostructural changes accompanying the process of aging using appropriate multiscale experimental methods and relating them to fracture mechanics data, it is possible to obtain a quantitative picture of how bone resists fracture. As human cortical bone exhibits rising ex vivo crack-growth resistance with crack extension, its fracture toughness must be evaluated in terms of resistance-curve (R-curve) behavior. While the crack initiation toughness declines with age, the more striking finding is that the crack-growth toughness declines even more significantly and is essentially absent in bone from donors exceeding 85 years in age. To explain such an age-induced deterioration in the toughness of bone, we evaluate its fracture properties at multiple length scales, specifically at the molecular and nano dimensions using vibrational spectroscopies, at the microscale using electron microscopy and hard/soft x-ray computed tomography, and at the macroscale using R-curve measurements. We show that the reduction in crack-growth toughness is associated primarily with a degradation in the degree of extrinsic toughening, in particular involving crack bridging, and that this occurs at relatively coarse size scales in the range of tens to hundreds of micrometers. Finally, we briefly describe how specific clinical treatments, e.g., with steroid hormones to treat various inflammatory conditions, can prematurely damage bone, thereby reducing its fracture resistance, whereas regulating the level of the cytokine Transforming Growth Factor-beta can offer significant improvements in the stiffness, strength, and toughness of bone and as such may be considered a therapeutic target to treat increased bone fragility induced by aging, drugs, and disease. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Prevent & Restorat Dent Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ritchie, RO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM RORitchie@lbl.gov RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998 NR 76 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 22 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1878 EP 1892 DI 10.1557/JMR.2006.0242 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 072LL UT WOS:000239674800003 ER PT J AU Daniel, C AF Daniel, Claus TI Biomimetic structures for mechanical applications by interfering laser beams: More than solely holographic gratings SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NI/AL MULTI-FILM; THIN-FILMS; BONE; BEHAVIOR; CRYSTALLIZATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; NANOPARTICLES; IRRADIATION; METALLURGY; RESOLUTION AB A variety of biological materials composed of hierarchical phase composites can be found. These biological materials successfully combine impressive toughness with high stiffness and strength. Deposition techniques combined with high-power laser beams can imitate biological structures in technical systems. Interference phenomena, such as surface scattering, Lloyd's mirror arrangements, or interference of coherent beams, can be used to create these biomimetic long-range ordered structures on the scale of nanometers to micrometers. These structures are not limited to topographic texturing, as in the case of holographic gratings; rather, they can also create composite structures and phase transformations. This article presents a brief overview of interference techniques, their possibilities, and their limits. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Daniel, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM danielc@ornl.gov NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 21 IS 8 BP 2098 EP 2105 DI 10.1557/JMR.2006.0256 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 072LL UT WOS:000239674800028 ER PT J AU Wereszczak, AA Lin, HT Gilde, GA AF Wereszczak, Andrew A. Lin, Hua-Tay Gilde, Gary A. TI The effect of grain growth on hardness in hot-pressed silicon carbides SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ARMOR CERAMICS C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ceram Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. US Army Res Lab, Survivabil Mat Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Wereszczak, AA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ceram Sci & Technol Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wereszczakaa@ornl.gov RI Wereszczak, Andrew/I-7310-2016 OI Wereszczak, Andrew/0000-0002-8344-092X NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 15 BP 4996 EP 5000 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-0110-z PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 070XF UT WOS:000239559100046 ER PT J AU Tomsia, AP Moya, JS Carter, CB AF Tomsia, Antoni P. Moya, Jose S. Carter, C. Barry TI Interfaces by design - Preface SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Inst Ciencia Mat Madrid, Madrid, Spain. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Tomsia, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aptomsia@lbl.gov RI Carter, C. Barry/E-6478-2010; Moya, Jose/I-5841-2013 OI Carter, C. Barry/0000-0003-4251-9102; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 16 BP 5051 EP 5052 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-0429-5 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 080PE UT WOS:000240259200001 ER PT J AU Russias, J Saiz, E Nalla, RK Tomsia, AP AF Russias, J. Saiz, E. Nalla, R. K. Tomsia, A. P. TI Microspheres as building blocks for hydroxyapatite/polylactide biodegradable composites SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Interfaces CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL Univ Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, SPAIN HO Univ Santiago ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; INTERNAL-FIXATION; BONE; FRACTURES; CARRIERS AB A new generation of organic/inorganic composites is offering a promising approach for creating biocompatible and biodegradable materials with mechanical properties that match that of human bone better than traditional metallic implants. Here, we report a novel technique whereby hydroxyapatite powder is encapsulated in polylactide-based microspheres, processed by an emulsion-solvent evaporation method, and then used as the building blocks to produce dense, microstructurally-uniform composites through a hot pressing route. The mechanical properties of these composites--both ab initio and after in vitro degradation in a simulated environment- were subsequently characterized. Although despite in vitro degradation remains an issue, the Young's modulus, bending strength and fracture resistance were higher than the corresponding minimum values for human cortical bone. These results suggest that the hot-pressing of hydroxyapatite/polylactide microspheres can be a viable route for the synthesis of load-bearing bone-replacement materials. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tomsia, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM APTomsia@lbl.gov NR 35 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 16 BP 5127 EP 5133 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-0449-1 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 080PE UT WOS:000240259200011 ER PT J AU Pavon, J Jimenez-Pique, E Anglada, M Saiz, E Tomsia, AP AF Pavon, J. Jimenez-Pique, E. Anglada, M. Saiz, E. Tomsia, A. P. TI Delamination under Hertzian cyclic loading of a glass coating on Ti6al4v for implants SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Interfaces CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL Univ Santiago, Santiago Compostela, SPAIN HO Univ Santiago ID FRACTURE; CONTACT; INTERFACE AB In this work, the interfacial response of a glass-based coating on Ti6Al4V to monotonic and cyclic Hertzian (spherical) indentation is investigated. This coating belongs to the SiO2-CaO-MgO-Na2O-K2O-P2O5 system and it is specifically designed to be used as the inner layer of a bioactive bilayer coating with an outer layer of lower SiO2 content to ensure bioactivity. During Hertzian monotonic loading, delamination of the coating occurs, which is revealed in the microscope by the presence of a colour pattern of interference fringes at the interface. Hertzian cyclic loading at maximum loads, P-max, lower than the monotonic delamination load, P-Del, also generates delamination damage. A plot of P-max versus the number of cycles for delamination shows a two-slope curve with a "knee" for P-max close to the critical load to induce a radial crack from the interface, P-Rc. The analysis of the delamination morphology and the results for different load ratios, R = P-min/P-max, confirmed the existence of two different delamination mechanisms with a common feature of plastic deformation of the substrate but with a different dependence with the maximum applied load: for P-max > P-Rc the process is mostly controlled by the presence of the radial cracks (P-max dependent), meanwhile, for P-max < P-Rc radial cracks are not observed and delamination is attributed to the residual stress at the interface induced by the cyclic plastic deformation of the substrate and the elastic recovery of the coating during unloading part. C1 Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Cienca Mat & Engn Met, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pavon, J (reprint author), Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Cienca Mat & Engn Met, Diagonal 647 ETSEIB, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. EM juan.jose.pavon-palacio@upc.es OI Jimenez-Pique, Emilio/0000-0002-6950-611X NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 EI 1573-4803 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 16 BP 5134 EP 5145 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-0439-3 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 080PE UT WOS:000240259200012 ER PT J AU Scheu, C Gao, M Oh, SH Dehm, G Klein, S Tomsia, AP Ruhle, M AF Scheu, C. Gao, M. Oh, S. H. Dehm, G. Klein, S. Tomsia, A. P. Ruehle, M. TI Bonding at copper-alumina interfaces established by different surface treatments: a critical review SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Interfaces CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL Univ Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, SPAIN HO Univ Santiago ID ALPHA-AL2O3 0001 SURFACE; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; CU FILMS; CU/AL2O3 INTERFACE; OXYGEN; SAPPHIRE; MICROSTRUCTURE; SPECTROSCOPY; PRINCIPLES AB The present study summarizes the effects of processing conditions and substrate cleaning procedures on the structure, chemistry and bonding of Cu/(0001)Al2O3 interfaces as determined by advanced transmission electron microscopy techniques. The Cu/(0001)Al2O3 samples were prepared by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and solid-state diffusion bonding. Investigations of the MBE samples showed that the Al2O3 cleaning procedure alters the interfacial bonding. Metallic bonds occurred for an Ar+ ion sputtering and subsequent ultra-high vacuum (UHV) annealing treatment. Strongly ionic-covalent bonds were found for a wet chemical cleaning process followed by UHV annealing. The interfacial electronic structure did not reveal any significant changes compared to the bulk electronic structure for samples where the substrate surface was annealed in an oxygen-containing atmosphere after Ar+ ion pre-sputtering and UHV annealing. The results obtained at the solid-state diffusion-bonded Cu/Al2O3 samples indicated that the processing parameters such as temperature and load do not change the bonding behavior. Post-annealing of the solid-state diffusion-bonded Cu/Al2O3 samples in a well-defined oxygen partial pressure led to the formation of CuAlO2 at the interface between Cu and Al2O3, which improved the adhesion. C1 Max Planck Inst Met Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Univ Leoben, Dept Metallkunde & Werkstoffprufung, A-8700 Leoben, Austria. Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Austrian Acad Sci, Erich Schmid Inst Festkorperphys, A-8700 Leoben, Austria. Univ Leoben, Dept Mat Phys, A-8700 Leoben, Austria. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Scheu, C (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Met Res, Heisenbergstr 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM christina.scheu@notes.unileoben.ac.at RI Dehm, Gerhard/A-3066-2017 NR 54 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 16 BP 5161 EP 5168 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-0073-0 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 080PE UT WOS:000240259200015 ER PT J AU Gremillard, L Casadei, R Saiz, E Tomsia, AP AF Gremillard, Laurent Casadei, Romaric Saiz, Eduardo Tomsia, Antoni P. TI Elaboration of self-coating alumina-based porous ceramics SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Interfaces CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL Univ Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, SPAIN HO Univ Santiago ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; HYDROXYAPATITE; FOAMS; FABRICATION; POROSITY AB Materials used for bone substitution (i.e. hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphate) are highly successful, since when implanted they provide an efficient scaffold that can be colonized by the patient's bone. However, their poor mechanical properties impede their use for load-bearing applications. In contrast, no material with high mechanical properties also presents a high bioactivity. A possible way of finding a material both strong and bioactive is to use a composite. We propose here a composite deriving its strength from its alumina core and its bioactivity from a calcium phosphate surface. Ceramic scaffolds have been produced by infiltration of polymer open-celled foams. Several compositions of the slurries have been tested, leading to the realization of porous pieces with a biocompatibility gradient at a micrometric scale. The mechanical properties of several new materials are presented and correlated to their microstructure. C1 INSA, Natl Inst Appl Sci, GEMPPM, Phys Met & Mat Sci Grp, Lyon, France. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Gremillard, L (reprint author), INSA, Natl Inst Appl Sci, GEMPPM, Phys Met & Mat Sci Grp, Lyon, France. EM laurent.gremillard@insa-lyon.fr OI Gremillard, Laurent/0000-0001-7258-6483 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 16 BP 5200 EP 5207 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-0430-z PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 080PE UT WOS:000240259200020 ER PT J AU Au, M AF Au, Ming TI The influence of tetrahydrofuran treatment on hydrogen storage properties of the magnesium SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SORPTION PROPERTIES; ABSORPTION; GRAPHITE; MG; CARBON; SMMG3 AB The hydriding and dehydriding properties of the tetrahydrofuran (THF) treated magnesium, along with its electronic energy states, crystalline structure and micro morphology have been investigated. The THF treated magnesium absorbs 6.3 wt% hydrogen at 723 K and 3.5 MPa. After hydrogenation, in addition to the expected hydride MgH2, a new less-stable hydride phase appears at 673 K, but not at a lower temperature. Desorption produces 5.5 wt% hydrogen at 723 K against a back-pressure of 1.3 Pa after 20 cycles of hydriding-dehydriding. The THF treatment improves the kinetics of hydrogen absorption and desorption. The THF treated Mg exhibited reasonable reaction rates with hydrogen at 623 K. XPS (X-ray Photo-electron Spectroscopy) studies show that THF treatment causes the electronic energy state of the magnesium atoms to shift, but the XRD (X-Ray Diffractometer) studies show the crystal structure remains unchanged. It is believed that the chemical state of magnesium surface is activated by THF treatment in favor of hydrogen absorption and desorption. Metallographic observation of the magnesium hydrides reveals some interesting features during hydrogenation. C1 Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Au, M (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM ming.au@srnl.doe.gov RI Mahalingam, Arjun/G-8586-2011 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 18 BP 5976 EP 5980 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-0495-8 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 083TT UT WOS:000240481800024 ER PT J AU Batra, P Dobrescu, BA Spivak, D AF Batra, Puneet Dobrescu, Bogdan A. Spivak, David TI Anomaly-free sets of fermions SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUPERSYMMETRIC STANDARD MODEL; U(1) GAUGE-SYMMETRY; NEUTRINO MASSES; BREAKING; VECTOR; REPRESENTATIONS; CANCELLATION; MATRICES; BOSONS AB We present new techniques for finding anomaly-free sets of fermions. Although the anomaly cancellation conditions typically include cubic equations with integer variables that cannot be solved in general, we prove by construction that any chiral set of fermions can be embedded in a larger set of fermions which is chiral and anomaly-free. Applying these techniques to extensions of the standard model, we find anomaly-free models that have arbitrary quark and lepton charges under an additional U(1) gauge group. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, High Energy Phys Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Batra, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, High Energy Phys Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM pbatra@post.harvard.edu NR 53 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 47 IS 8 AR 082301 DI 10.1063/1.2222081 PG 13 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 080HA UT WOS:000240237300011 ER PT J AU Chan, EY Qian, WJ Thomas, MJ Diamond, DL Liu, T Proll, SC Camp, DG Korth, MJ Smith, RD Katze, MG AF Chan, Eric Y. Qian, Wei J. Thomas, Matthew J. Diamond, Deborah L. Liu, Tao Proll, Sean C. Camp, David G., II Korth, Marcus J. Smith, Richard D. Katze, Michael G. TI Integrated proteomic and genomic analyses of HIV-1 infection SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Washington Natl Primate Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Liu, Tao/A-9020-2013 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Liu, Tao/0000-0001-9529-6550 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0047-2565 J9 J MED PRIMATOL JI J. Med. Primatol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4-5 MA 57 BP 294 EP 294 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 063GU UT WOS:000239007300068 ER PT J AU Yang, DL Barbero, RS Devlin, DJ Cussler, EL Colling, CW Carrera, ME AF Yang, DL Barbero, RS Devlin, DJ Cussler, EL Colling, CW Carrera, ME TI Hollow fibers as structured packing for olefin/paraffin separations SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hollow fibers; structural packing; distillation; olefins; paraffins ID MEMBRANE DISTILLATION; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; CONTACTORS AB This paper explores the use of microporous hollow fibers as Structured packing for a distillation column of propylene-propane. The actual column, which is less than 0.4 m long, yields more than 8% enrichment of propylene from a 30% propane/70% propylene mixture. It has an HTU as low as 0.1 m and an overall mass transfer coefficient of about 10(-4) m/s with the resistance to mass transfer mainly coming from the vapor phase. The low HTU is due to the high mass transfer area per unit Volume. over 1100 in m(2)/m(3). The results begin to explore the use of hollow fibers as packing for a practical distillation. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. BP Amoco Chem Co, Naperville, IL 60563 USA. RP Cussler, EL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM cuss1001@umn.edu NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 279 IS 1-2 BP 61 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2005.11.033 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 056FD UT WOS:000238505900003 ER PT J AU Kamakoti, P Sholl, DS AF Kamakoti, Preeti Sholl, David S. TI Towards first principles-based identification of ternary alloys for hydrogen purification membranes SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hydrogen; diffusion; metal membranes; theory ID ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; SURFACE SEGREGATION; PALLADIUM; METALS; PD; SEPARATION; FLUX AB Using dense films of metal alloys offers a useful path towards fabricating membranes for hydrogen purification that simultaneously exhibit high H-2 fluxes and are chemically robust. Experimental identification of ternary alloys with these properties has been limited by the large resources needed to test multiple materials. We have considered whether first principles calculations could be used to screen ternary alloys in the absence of experimental data by examining methods that could allow these calculations to be applied to large numbers of materials. In particular, we have used models based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations to examine a class of ternary metal alloys made up of Pd, Cu and a third additive metal as H-2 membranes. Our calculations suggest additive metals that yield ternary alloys that retain the favorable surface chemistry of CuPd binary alloys but are predicted to yield higher H2 fluxes than the corresponding binary membranes. Our results also point to future directions for the development of first principles calculations in screening ternary alloys for H2 purification. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Sholl, DS (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM sholl@andrew.cmu.edu NR 27 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 279 IS 1-2 BP 94 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2005.11.035 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 056FD UT WOS:000238505900007 ER PT J AU Geets, J Borrernans, B Diels, L Springael, D Vangronsveld, J van der Lelie, D Vanbroekhoven, K AF Geets, Joke Borrernans, Brigitte Diels, Ludo Springael, Dirk Vangronsveld, Jaco van der Lelie, Daniel Vanbroekhoven, Karolien TI DsrB gene-based DGGE for community and diversity surveys of sulfate-reducing bacteria SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE sulfate-reducing bacteria; denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE); dissimilatory sulfite reductase (dsr); environmental samples ID DISSIMILATORY SULFITE REDUCTASE; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; MARINE SEDIMENT; PCR; MICROORGANISMS AB A denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) method was developed to assess the diversity of dsrB (dissimilatory sulfite reductase beta-subunit)-genes in sulfate-reducing communities. For this purpose a PCR primer pair was optimized for the amplification of a similar to 350 bp dsrB gene fragment that after DGGE gel electrophoresis enabled us to discriminate between dsrB genes of different SRB-subgroups, -genera and -species. The dsrB-DGGE method revealed considerable genetic diversity when applied to DNA extracts obtained from aquifer samples that were derived from monitoring wells of an in situ metal precipitation (ISMP) pilot project conducted at the site of a non-ferrous industry or from environmental heavy metal contaminated samples. The sequences of the excised and sequenced DGGE bands represented dsrB genes of different SRB-subgroups, -genera and -species, thus confirming the broad applicability of the PCR primer pair. Linking the results of the physico-chemical follow-up of the field and lab experiments to the dsrB-DGGE data will provide a better understanding of the contribution of the SRB populations to the ongoing ISMP processes. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Vlaamse Instelling Technol Onderzoek, Flemish Inst Technol Res Environm & Proc Technol, MPT, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. Limburgs Univ Ctr, Dept Chem Biol & Geol, SBG, Environm Biol Grp, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. Catholic Univ Louvain, Lab Soil & Water Management, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Vanbroekhoven, K (reprint author), Vlaamse Instelling Technol Onderzoek, Flemish Inst Technol Res Environm & Proc Technol, MPT, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. EM karolien.vanbroekhoven@vito.be OI vanbroekhoven, karolien/0000-0003-1173-6497 NR 49 TC 139 Z9 150 U1 7 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD AUG PY 2006 VL 66 IS 2 BP 194 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2005.11.002 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 062RU UT WOS:000238963000002 PM 16337704 ER PT J AU Elias, DA Monroe, ME Smith, RD Fredrickson, JK Lipton, MS AF Elias, Dwayne A. Monroe, Matthew E. Smith, Richard D. Fredrickson, James K. Lipton, Mary S. TI Confirmation of the expression of a large set of conserved hypothetical proteins in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE protoemics; protein; hypothetical; Shewanella ID COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; FTICR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BORDETELLA-BRONCHISEPTICA; GEOBACTER-SULFURREDUCENS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; VIBRIO-VULNIFICUS; PUTREFACIENS MR-1; RECEPTOR PROTEIN AB High-throughput "omic" technologies have allowed for a relatively rapid, yet comprehensive analysis of the global expression patterns within an organism in response to perturbations. In the current study, 9503 different tryptic peptides were identified with high confidence from capillary liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of 26 chemostat cultures of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 under various conditions. Using at least one distinctive and a total of two total peptide identifications per protein, we detected the expression of 758 conserved hypothetical proteins. This included 359 such proteins previously described [Kolker, E., Picone, A.F., Galperin, M.Y., Romine, M.F., Higdon, R., Makarova, K.S., Kolker, N., Anderson, G.A., Qiu, X., Auberry, K.J., Babnigg, G., Beliaev, A.S., Edlefsen, P., Elias, D.A., Gorby, Y.A., Holzman, T., Klappenbach, J.A., Konstantinidis, K.T., Land, M.L., Lipton, M.S., McCue, L.A., Monroe, M., Pasa-Tolic, L., Pinchuk, G., Purvine, S., Serres, M.H., Tsapin, S., Zakrajsek, B.A., Zhu, W., Zhou, J., Larimer, F.W., Lawrence, C.E., Riley, M., Collart, F.R., Yates, J.R., III, Smith, R.D., Giometti, C.S., Nealson, K.H., Fredrickson, J.K., Tiedje, J.M., 2005. Global profiling of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1: expression of hypothetical genes and improved functional annotations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102, 2099-2104] with an additional 399 reported herein for the first time. The latter 399 proteins ranged from 5.3 to 208.3 kDa, with 44 being of 100 amino acid residues or less. Using a combination of information including peptide detection in cells grown under specific culture conditions and predictive algorithms such as PSORT and PSORT-B, possible/plausible functions are proposed for some conserved hypothetical proteins. Such proteins were found not only to be expressed, but 19 were only expressed under certain culturing conditions, thereby providing insight into potential functions. These findings also impact the genomic annotation for S. oneidensis MR-1 by confirming that these genes code for expressed proteins. Our results indicate that 399 proteins can now be upgraded from "conserved hypothetical protem" to "expressed protein in Shewanella," 19 of which appeared to be expressed under specific culture conditions. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lipton, MS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,MSIN K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Mary.Lipton@pnl.gov RI Elias, Dwayne/B-5190-2011; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Elias, Dwayne/0000-0002-4469-6391; Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 NR 60 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD AUG PY 2006 VL 66 IS 2 BP 223 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2005.11.009 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 062RU UT WOS:000238963000005 PM 16417935 ER PT J AU Hall, NA Okandan, M Degertekin, FL AF Hall, Neal A. Okandan, Murat Degertekin, F. Levent TI Surface and bulk-silicon-micromachined optical displacement sensor fabricated with the SwIFT-Lite (TM) process SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE accelerometer; microphone; optoelectronic; VCSEL ID POLYSILICON; MICROPHONES; DESIGN AB For many micromachined sensors such as microphones and accelerometers, optical displacement sensing may have advantages over capacitive sensing offering potentially high-displacement sensitivity independent of sensor area and gap height. A particular diffraction-based optical displacement sensor design consisting of a sensing diaphragm suspended over a rigid grated electrode has demonstrated advantages in terms of sensitivity, integration and stability. When illuminated from the backside, this structure generates a zeroth and complementary higher order diffracted beams whose intensities are modulated by the diaphragm displacement with the sensitivity of a regular Michelson interferometer. In previous work, acoustic devices surface micromachined on quartz substrates using aluminum for the diaphragm and grating were presented and characterized. In this work, we present the fabrication and characterization of a surface- and bulk-silicon micromachined diffraction-based optical microphone structure fabricated with Sandia National Laboratories' SwIFT-Lite (TM) process, which uses silicon nitride and polysilicon structural materials that have been employed extensively in MEMS and form a more thermally matched material set robust against corrosion and fatigue. The process introduces a new design space to microscale optical displacement sensing, enabling large, soft structures with perforated back-plates ideal for microphone and inertial-sensor designs. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Hall, NA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM nahall@sandia.gov NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1057-7157 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 15 IS 4 BP 770 EP 776 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2006.878884 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 072ZT UT WOS:000239712600006 ER PT J AU Nielson, GN Barbastathis, G AF Nielson, Gregory N. Barbastathis, George TI Dynamic pull-in of parallel-plate and torsional electrostatic MEMS actuators SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE electrostatic devices; microactuators; microelectromechanical systems (MEMS); microresonators; nonlinear systems; switches ID RESONATORS AB An analysis of the dynamic characteristics of pull-in for parallel-plate and torsional electrostatic actuators is presented. Traditionally, the analysis for pull-in has been done using quasi-static assumptions. However, it was recently shown experimentally that a step input can cause a decrease in the voltage required for pull-in to occur. We propose an energy-based solution for the step voltage required for pull-in that predicts the experimentally observed decrease in the pull-in voltage. We then use similar energy techniques to explore pull-in due to an actuation signal that is modulated depending on the sign of the velocity of the plate (i.e., modulated at the instantaneous mechanical resonant frequency). For this type of actuation signal, significant reductions in the pull-in voltage can theoretically be achieved without changing the stiffness of the structure. This analysis is significant to both parallel-plate and torsional electrostatic micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) switching structures where a reduced operating voltage without sacrificing stiffness is desired, as well as electrostatic MEMS oscillators where pull-in due to dynamic effects needs to be avoided. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Nielson, GN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gnniels@sandia.gov; gbarb@mit.edu NR 20 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 25 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1057-7157 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 15 IS 4 BP 811 EP 821 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2006.879121 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 072ZT UT WOS:000239712600010 ER PT J AU Park, HG Malen, JA Piggott, WT Morse, JD Greif, R Grigoropoulos, CP Havstad, MA Upadhye, R AF Park, Hyung Gyu Malen, Jonathan A. Piggott, W. Thomas, III Morse, Jeffrey D. Greif, Ralph Grigoropoulos, Costas P. Havstad, Mark A. Upadhye, Ravi TI Methanol steam reformer on a silicon wafer SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE heat transfer; methanol reforming; microreactor ID HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; FUEL-CELLS; CONVERSION AB A study of the reforming rates, heat transfer and flow through a methanol reforming catalytic microreactor fabricated on a silicon wafer are presented. Packed bed microchannel reactors were fabricated using silicon DRIE, followed by wafer bonding. The reactor bed was subsequently filled with catalyst particles. Thermal control is achieved through on-chip resistive heaters, whereby methanol steam reforming reactions were studied over a temperature range from 180-300 degrees C. Three simulations of varying complexity, including three-dimensional (3-D), quasi-3-D, and I-D models, were developed. Comparison of the models with experimental results shows good agreement over a range of operating conditions. We found that Amphlett's kinetics for methanol reforming provided accurate results, and that for our operating conditions the reforming reaction could be modeled without mass transport considerations. The I-D model provided a rapid analytical tool to assess the performance of the microreactor. Use of such computationally efficient design tools provides an effective means to analyze the performance of microreactor designs prior to fabrication and test. Hence, reformer geometry, catalyst loading, and operating parameters can be optimized to afford the desired hydrogen output and conversion. Concepts for insulating the reactor while maintaining small overall size are further analyzed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Meso Micro & Nano Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Park, HG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM park15@llnl.gov RI Han, Kyuhee/B-6201-2009; Malen, Jonathan/D-5954-2013; Park, Hyung Gyu/F-3056-2013 OI Malen, Jonathan/0000-0003-4560-4476; Park, Hyung Gyu/0000-0001-8121-2344 NR 14 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1057-7157 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 15 IS 4 BP 976 EP 985 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2006.878888 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 072ZT UT WOS:000239712600028 ER PT J AU Kapp, OH Smith, DR Jendraszkiewicz, G Gorodezky, I Kim, KJ Crewe, AV AF Kapp, O. H. Smith, D. R. Jendraszkiewicz, G. Gorodezky, I. Kim, Kwang-Je Crewe, A. V. TI A flexible instrument control and image acquisition system for a scanning electron microscope SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY-OXFORD LA English DT Article DE computer instrument control; digital data acquisition; graphical user interface; scanning electron microscope; image acquisition; free electron laser AB We have developed an instrument control and image acquisition system for use with scanning electron microscopes. By making the system flexible over a wide range of operating voltages, scan generation and image acquisition modes can be easily accommodated to a wide range of instruments. We show the implementation of this system for use with a custom-built low-voltage scanning electron microscope. We then explore the simple modifications that are required for control of two instruments intended for use as free electron lasers. C1 Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60539 USA. RP Kapp, OH (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM bud@midway.uchicago.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2720 J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD JI J. Microsc.-Oxf. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 223 BP 140 EP 149 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2006.01605.x PN 2 PG 10 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 072WC UT WOS:000239702700007 PM 16911074 ER PT J AU Maki, A Watson, JKG Masiello, T Blake, TA AF Maki, Arthur Watson, James K. G. Masiello, Tony Blake, Thomas A. TI Observation of a forbidden E ''-A '(1) infrared transition in (BF3)-B-11 SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE infrared spectroscopy; rovibrational spectrum; absorption intensity; intensity theory; dipole moment operator; high resolution; boron trifluoride; boron-11 ID SPECTRUM; CM(-1) AB The forbidden 011(1)0(0)-000(0)0(0) E ''-A(1)' transition of (BF3)-B-11 has been observed in absorption in the infrared near 2140 cm(-1). Although weak, the entire band is observed and does not show any sign of intensity borrowing from nearby bands. The transitions obey the electric dipole allowed selection rules Delta k = +/- 2, Delta l = -/+ 1. As shown by the J and K dependence of the line intensities, the band appears to derive its intensity from terms in the dipole moment operator described by Aliev and Watson [M.R. Aliev, J.K.G. Watson, Higher-order effects in the vibration-rotation spectra of semirigid molecules, in: K. Narahari Rao (Ed.), Molecular Spectroscopy: Modern Research, vol. III, Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1985 (Chapter 1).] in their description of "Higher-order effects in the vibration-rotation spectra of semirigid molecules". That theory is further developed and it is shown that, for this particular case, the intensity comes largely from the term in the dipole moment operator that governs the intensity of the 002(2)0(0)-000(0)0(0) transitions and to a lesser extent from terms that govern the intensity of the 001(1)1(1)-000(0)0(0) transitions and the fundamental bands. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Mol Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Maki, A (reprint author), 15012 24th Ave,SE, Mill Creek, WA 98012 USA. EM amakil@compuserve.com NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 238 IS 2 BP 135 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2006.04.012 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 070RE UT WOS:000239540400001 ER PT J AU Wang, LH Liu, HZ AF Wang, Luhong Liu, Haozhe TI The microstructural evolution of Al12Mg17 alloy during the quenching processes SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE liquid alloys and liquid metals; molecular dynamics ID BULK GLASSY ALLOYS; AL-MG ALLOYS; MAGNESIUM ALLOYS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; BINARY-ALLOYS; LIQUID; SEGREGATION; SIMULATION; METALS; NI AB The processes of rapid solidification for three cooling rates of Al12Mg17 alloy from liquid to solid are simulated using molecular dynamics based on embedded-atom method potentials derived by the force-matching approach. The liquid structures are calculated and the structural factors are in good agreement with experimental data. During each rapid quenching, an amorphous state is obtained, and the microstructures of the liquid, supercooled liquid, and the amorphous states of Al12Mg17 alloy are analyzed using the pair analysis technique. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, HPCAT, Carnegie Inst Washington, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Liu, HZ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, HPCAT, Carnegie Inst Washington, Adv Photon Source, Bldg 434E, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM hliu@hpcat.aps.anl.gov RI Wang, Luhong/E-6234-2011; Liu, Haozhe/E-6169-2011 NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 352 IS 26-27 BP 2880 EP 2884 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.02.090 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 066ZD UT WOS:000239268500025 ER PT J AU Byun, TS Hashimoto, N AF Byun, Thak Sang Hashimoto, Naoyuki TI Strain hardening and long-range internal stress in the localized deformation of irradiated polycrystalline metals SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEELS; LOW-TEMPERATURE IRRADIATION; TARGET CONTAINER MATERIALS; COPPER SINGLE CRYSTALS; PLASTIC INSTABILITY; NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEPENDENCE; BEHAVIOR; ALLOYS AB Low-temperature irradiation can significantly harden metallic materials and often results in microscopic strain localization such as dislocation channeling during deformation. In true stress-true strain analyses, however, the strain localization does not significantly affect macroscopic strain-hardening behavior. It was attempted to explain the strain-hardening behavior during strain localization in terms of long-range back stresses. In theoretical modeling the long-range back stress was formulated as a function of the number of residual pileup dislocations at a grain boundary and the number of localized bands formed in a grain. The strain-hardening rates in channel deformation were calculated for ten face-centered cubic (fcc) and body-centered cubic (bee) metals. A few residual dislocations in each channel could account for the strain-hardening rates as high as those for uniform deformation. It was also shown that the strain-hardening behavior predicted by the long-range back stress model resembled the empirical strain-hardening behaviors, which result from both localized and non-localized deformations. The predicted plastic instability stress was comparable to the tensile test data. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Byun, TS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, 1 Bethel Valley Rd,Bldg 4500S,POB 2008,MS-6151, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM byunts@ornl.gov RI HASHIMOTO, Naoyuki/D-6366-2012 NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 354 IS 1-3 BP 123 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.02.099 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 064SL UT WOS:000239109300010 ER PT J AU Vesper, SJ McKinstry, C Yang, C Haugland, RA Kercsmar, CM Yike, I Schluchter, MD Kirchner, HL Sobolewski, J Allan, TM Dearborn, DG AF Vesper, Stephen J. McKinstry, Craig Yang, Chin Haugland, Richard A. Kercsmar, Carolyn M. Yike, Iwona Schluchter, Mark D. Kirchner, H. Lester Sobolewski, John Allan, Terrence M. Dearborn, Dorr G. TI Specific molds associated with asthma in water-damaged homes SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE PCR ANALYSIS; INNER-CITY ASTHMA; FUNGI; PENICILLIUM; DUST AB Objective: We sought to determine if specific molds were found in significantly higher concentrations in the water-damaged homes of asthmatic children compared with homes with no visible water damage. Methods: The mold concentrations in the dust in asthmatic children's bedrooms in water-damaged homes (N = 60) and control homes (N = 22) were measured by mold-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: Two molds, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis and Trichoderma viride, had significantly (P < 0.05) higher concentrations in asthmatics' homes compared with control homes and three other molds (Penicillium crustosum group, Stachybotrys chartarum, and Wallemia sebi) had P values < 0.1. Conclusions: A relative moldiness index was developed to predict the likely development of asthma in water-damaged homes in Cleveland. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. P&K Microbiol Serv, Cherry Hill, NJ USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Rainbow Babies & Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Cuyahoga Cty Board Hlth, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Vesper, SJ (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W ML King Dr,Mail Locat 314, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM vesper.stephen@epa.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [MO1RR00080]; NIEHS NIH HHS [K07-ES00268] NR 18 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 48 IS 8 BP 852 EP 858 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000224736.52780.2f PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 072XP UT WOS:000239706700014 PM 16902378 ER PT J AU Wu, HL Huang, YX Acosta, EP Park, JG Yu, S Rosenkranz, SL Kuritzkes, DR Eron, JJ Perelson, AS Gerber, JG AF Wu, HL Huang, YX Acosta, EP Park, JG Yu, S Rosenkranz, SL Kuritzkes, DR Eron, JJ Perelson, AS Gerber, JG TI Pharmacodynamics of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1 infected patients: Using viral dynamic models that incorporate drug susceptibility and adherence SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE adherence; AIDS; antiretroviral therapy; compliance; drug exposures; drug resistance; hierarchical Bayesian models; HIV-1 infection; viral dynamic models; pharmacodynamics; pharmacokinetics ID HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS; AIDS CLINICAL-TRIALS; IN-VIVO; THERAPY; LOAD; HYPERSUSCEPTIBILITY; RESISTANCE; RITONAVIR; TIME AB We developed a novel HIV-1 dynamic model with consideration of pharmacokinetics, drug adherence and drug susceptibility to link plasma drug concentration to the long-term changes in HIV-1 RNA observation after initiation of therapy. A Bayesian approach is proposed to fit this model to clinical data from ACTG A5055, a study of two dosage regimens of indinavir (IDV) with ritonavir (RTV) in subjects failing their first protease inhibitor treatment. The HIV RNA testing was completed at days 0, 7, 14, 28, 56, 84, 112, 140, and 168. An intensive pharmacokinetic (PK) evaluation was performed on day 14 and multiple trough concentrations were subsequently collected. Pill counts were used to monitor adherence. IC50 for IDV and RTV were determined at baseline and at virologic failure. Viral dynamic model fitting residuals were used to assess the significance of covariate effects on long-term virologic response. As univariate predictors, none of the four PK parameters C-trough, C-12 hour, C-max, and AUC was significantly related to virologic response (p > 0.05). By including drug susceptibility (IC50), or IC50 and adherence measured by pill counts together, C-trough, C-12 hour, C-max and AUC were each significantly correlated to long-term virologic response (p=0.0055, 0.0002, 0.0136, 0.0002 with IC50 and adherence measured by pill counts considered). The IC50 and adherence measured by pill counts alone were not related to the virologic response. In predicting virologic response adherence measured by pill counts did not provide any additional information to PK parameters (p=0.064), to drug susceptibility IC50 (p=0.086), and to their combination (p=0.22). Simple regression approaches did not detect any significant pharmacodynamic (PD) relationships. Any single factor of PK, adherence measured by pill counts and drug susceptibility did not contribute to long-term virologic response. But their combinations in viral dynamic modeling significantly predicted virologic response. The HIV dynamic modeling can appropriately capture complicated nonlinear relationships and interactions among multiple covariates. C1 Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Biostat & Computat Biol, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Coll Publ Hlth, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. Univ Alabama, Med Sch Birmingham, Div Clin Pharmacol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Stat & Data Anal Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Partners AIDS Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Clin Pharmacol, Div Infect Dis, Denver, CO 80262 USA. RP Wu, HL (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Biostat & Computat Biol, 601 Elmwood Ave,Box 630, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM hwu@bst.rochester.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR06555, RR00046]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI32775, AI27658, AI50410, AI055290, AI28433, AI052765, AI38855] NR 31 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1567-567X J9 J PHARMACOKINET PHAR JI J. Pharmacokinet. Pharmacodyn. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 33 IS 4 BP 399 EP 419 DI 10.1007/s10928-006-9006-4 PG 21 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 058SD UT WOS:000238684000002 PM 16583266 ER PT J AU Lu, Y Bleicher, M Liu, F Liu, Z Petersen, H Sorensen, P Stocker, H Xu, N Zhu, X AF Lu, Y. Bleicher, M. Liu, F. Liu, Z. Petersen, H. Sorensen, P. Stoecker, H. Xu, N. Zhu, X. TI Anisotropic flow at RHIC: how unique is the number-of-constituent-quark scaling? SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; ENERGY NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; FREEZE-OUT; COLLECTIVE FLOW; ELLIPTIC FLOW; GLUON PLASMA; EQUATION; STATE; PHASE; MODEL AB The transverse momentum dependence of the anisotropic flow nu(2) for pi, K, nucleon, Lambda, Xi and Omega is studied for Au+Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV within two independent string-hadron transport approaches (RQMD and UrQMD). Although both models reach only 60% of the absolute magnitude of the measured nu(2), they both predict the particle-type dependence of nu(2), as observed by the RHIC experiments: nu(2) exhibits a hadron-mass hierarchy (HMH) in the low p(T) region and a number-of-constituent-quark (NCQ) dependence in the intermediate p(T) region. The failure of the hadronic models to reproduce the absolute magnitude of the observed nu 2 indicates that transport calculations of heavy-ion collisions at RHIC must incorporate interactions among quarks and gluons in the early, hot and dense phase. The presence of an NCQ scaling in the string-hadron model results suggests that the particle-type dependences observed in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate p(T) might be related to the hadronic cross sections in vacuum rather than to the hadronization process itself. C1 Huazhong Normal Univ, Cent China Normal Univ, Inst Particle Phys, IOPP, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FIAS, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Lu, Y (reprint author), Huazhong Normal Univ, Cent China Normal Univ, Inst Particle Phys, IOPP, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. RI Bleicher, Marcus/A-2758-2010; Stoecker, Horst/D-6173-2013; OI Stoecker, Horst/0000-0002-3282-3664; Sorensen, Paul/0000-0001-5056-9391 NR 54 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1121 EP 1129 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/32/8/004 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 072JU UT WOS:000239670500007 ER PT J AU Rathbun, HJ Odette, GR Yamamoto, T He, MY Lucas, GE AF Rathbun, H. J. Odette, G. R. Yamamoto, T. He, M. Y. Lucas, G. E. TI Statistical and constraint loss size effects on cleavage fracture-implications to measuring toughness in the transition SO JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE constraint effects; statistical effects; transition toughness ID SPECIMENS; MODEL AB A systematic investigation of the effects of specimen size on the cleavage fracture toughness of a typical pressure vessel steel is reported. Size dependence arises both from: (i) statistical effects, related to the volume of highly stressed material near the crack tip, that scales with the crack front length (B) and (ii) constraint loss, primarily associated with the scale of plastic deformation compared to the un-cracked ligament dimension (b). Previously, it has been difficult to quantify the individual contributions of statistical versus constraint loss size effects. Thus, we developed a single variable database for a plate section from the Shoreham pressure vessel using a full matrix of three point bend specimens, with B from 8 to 254 mm and b from 3.2 to 25.4 mm, that were tested at a common set of conditions. The University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB) b-B database was analyzed using three-dimensional finite element calculation of the crack tip fields combined with a cleavage model calibrated to the local fracture properties of the Shoreham steel. This paper focuses on the possible significance of these results to the Master Curve standard as formulated in ASTM E 1921. The statistical scaling procedure to treat variations in B used in E 1921 was found to be reasonably consistent with the UCSB b-B database. However, constraint loss for three point bend specimens begins at a deformation level that is much lower than the censoring limit specified in E 1921. Unrecognized constraint loss leads to a nonconservative, negative bias in the evaluation of T-o, estimated to be typically on the order of -10 degrees C for pre-cracked Charpy specimens. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Rathbun, HJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM palmtree@engineering.ucsb.edu RI He, Ming/F-9232-2010 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-9930 J9 J PRESS VESS-T ASME JI J. Press. Vessel Technol.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2006 VL 128 IS 3 BP 305 EP 313 DI 10.1115/1.2217962 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 076UD UT WOS:000239982400003 ER PT J AU LaMont, SP LaBone, TR Cadieux, JR Findley, WM Hall, G Shick, CR Efurd, DW Steiner, RE AF LaMont, S. P. LaBone, T. R. Cadieux, J. R. Findley, W. M. Hall, G. Shick, C. R. Efurd, D. W. Steiner, R. E. TI In vitro lung dissolutions rates for PuO2 SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Nuclear Analytical Methods in the Life Sciences (NAMLS-8) CY APR 17-22, 2005 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP Univ Sao Paulo, CENA, Soc Brasileira Metrol ID BIOASSAY INTERPRETATION; URANIUM-COMPOUNDS; SOLUBILITY; YELLOWCAKE; INHALATION; FLUID; PARTICLES; SAMPLES AB The lung dissolution rates for PuO2 were determined using a 100 day in vitro experiment. A very small amount of the PuO2 rapidly dissolved with a half-time of approximately 10 days, while the majority of the material (> 99%) dissolved with a half-time of approximately 5105 days. This dissolution half time is significantly longer than what is recommended by the ICRP, and would result in higher calculated doses for inhalation intakes of PuO2 than those currently estimated by the ICRP 66 human respiratory tract model for radiological protection. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Aiken, SC USA. Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP LaMont, SP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lamont@lanl.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 269 IS 2 BP 271 EP 277 DI 10.1007/s10967-006-0378-0 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 076LX UT WOS:000239960900005 ER PT J AU Misra, S Miller, GJ AF Misra, Sumohan Miller, Gordon J. TI On the distribution of tetrelide atoms (Si, Ge) in Gd-5(SixGe1-x)(4) SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE gadolinium-germanide-silicide; coloring problem ID ADIABATIC TEMPERATURE-CHANGE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ELECTRICAL-RESISTANCE; PHASE-RELATIONSHIPS; NANOSCALE ZIPPERS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TRANSITION; GD-5(SI1.8GE2.2); GD-5(SI2GE2); GD5SI2GE2 AB A crystallographic study of the Si/Ge site preferences in the Si-rich regime of Gd-5(SixGe1-x)(4) and a crystal chemical analysis of these site preferences for the entire range is presented. The room temperature crystal structure of Gd5Si4 as well as four pseudobinary phases, Gd-5(SixGe1-x)(4) for x >= 0.6, is reported. All structures are orthorhombic (space group Pnma), Gd5Si4-type and show decreasing volume as the Si concentration increases. Refinements of the site occupancies for the three crystallographic sites for Si/Ge atoms in the asymmetric unit reveal a nonrandom, but still incompletely ordered arrangement of Si and Ge atoms. The distribution of Si and Ge atoms at each site impacts the fractions of possible homonuclear and heteronuclear Si-Si, Si-Ge and Ge-Ge dimers in the various structures. This distribution correlates with the observed room temperature crystal structures for the entire series of Gd-5(SixGe1-x)(4). (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, US Dept Energy, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, US Dept Energy, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Miller, GJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US Dept Energy, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM gmiller@iastate.edu NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 179 IS 8 BP 2290 EP 2297 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2006.03.001 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 071YK UT WOS:000239639600007 ER PT J AU Balachandran, U Ma, BH AF Balachandran, U Ma, BH TI Mixed-conducting dense ceramic membranes for air separation and natural gas conversion SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE ELECTROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE mixed conductor; membrane; oxygen permeability; oxygen ionic conductivity ID PEROVSKITE-TYPE OXIDES; OXYGEN PERMEABILITY; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENT; PARTIAL OXIDATION; PERMEATION; METHANE; TRANSPORT; SYNGAS; SRFECO0.5OX; STABILITY AB Non-perovskite SrFeCo0.5O (x) (SFC2) was found to have high electronic and ionic conductivities as well as structural stability. At 800 degrees C in air, total and ionic conductivities of 17 and 7 S.cm(-1) were measured, respectively; the ionic transference number was calculated to be approximate to 0.4. This material is unique because of its high electronic conductivity and comparable electronic and ionic transference numbers. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that air-sintered SFC2 consists of three phase components, approximate to 75 wt% Sr-4(Fe1-xCox)(6)O-13 +/-delta, approximate to 20 wt% perovskite SrFe(Co-1-x(x))O3-delta, and approximate to 5 wt% rock salt CoO. Argon-annealed SFC2 contains brownmillerite Sr2(Fe1-xCox)(2)O-5 and rock salt CoO. Dense SFC2 membranes were able to withstand large pO(2) gradients and retain mechanical strength. A 2.9-mm-thick disk membrane was tested in a gas-tight electrochemical cell at 900 C; an oxygen permeation flux rate approximate to 2.5 cm(3)(STP).cm(-2).min(-1) was measured. A dense thin-wall tubular membrane of 0.75-mm thickness was tested in a methane conversion reactor for over 1,000 h. At 950 C, the oxygen permeation flux rate was approximate to 10 cm(3)(STP).cm(- 2).min(-1) when the SFC2 thin-wall membrane was exposed with one side to air and the other side to 80% methane balanced with inert gas. Results from these two independent experiments agreed well. The SFC2 material is a good candidate as dense ceramic membranes for oxygen separation from air or for use in methane conversion reactors. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Balachandran, U (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM balu@anl.gov RI Ma, Beihai/I-1674-2013 OI Ma, Beihai/0000-0003-3557-2773 NR 34 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-8488 J9 J SOLID STATE ELECTR JI J. Solid State Electrochem. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 10 IS 8 BP 617 EP 624 DI 10.1007/s10008-006-0126-y PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 053SX UT WOS:000238326500012 ER PT J AU Lein, HL Andersen, OS Vullum, PE Lara-Curzio, E Holmestad, R Einarsrud, MA Grande, T AF Lein, HL Andersen, OS Vullum, PE Lara-Curzio, E Holmestad, R Einarsrud, MA Grande, T TI Mechanical properties of mixed conducting La0.5Sr0.5Fe1-xCoxO3-delta (0 <= x <= 1) materials SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE ELECTROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE mixed conductors; oxygen permeable membranes; perovskites; mechanical properties ID LANTHANUM CHROMITE; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; MEMBRANES; BEHAVIOR; CERAMICS; TEMPERATURE; LA1-XSRXFEO3-DELTA; PEROVSKITES; OXIDES AB Young's modulus, strain-stress behavior, fracture strength, and fracture toughness of La0.5Sr0.5Fe1-xCoxO3-delta (0 <= x <= 1) materials have been investigated in the temperature range 20-1,000 degrees C. Young's moduli of La0.5Sr0.5Fe0.5Co0.5O3-delta and La0.5Sr0.5CoO3-delta, measured by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy, were 130 +/- 1 and 133 +/- 3 GPa, respectively. The nonlinear stress - strain relationship observed by four-point bending at room temperature was inferred as a signature of ferroelastic behavior of the materials. Above the ferroelastic to paraelastic transition temperature, the materials showed elastic behavior, but due to high-temperature creep, a nonelastic respond reappeared above similar to 800 degrees C. The room temperature fracture strength measured by four-point bending was in the range 107 - 128 MPa. The corresponding fracture toughness of La0.5Sr0.5Fe0.5Co0.5O3-delta, measured by single edge V-notch beam method, was 1.16 +/- 0.12 MPa.m(1/2). The measured fracture strength and fracture toughness were observed to increase with increasing temperature. The fracture mode changed from intragranular at low temperature to intergranular at high temperature. Tensile stress gradient at the surface of the materials caused by a frozen-in gradient in the oxygen content during cooling was proposed to explain the low ambient temperature fracture strength and toughness. C1 Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Grande, T (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. EM Grande@material.ntnu.no RI Einarsrud, Mari-Ann/I-5085-2014; Grande, Tor/K-4125-2015 NR 35 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-8488 J9 J SOLID STATE ELECTR JI J. Solid State Electrochem. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 10 IS 8 BP 635 EP 642 DI 10.1007/s10008-006-0140-0 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 053SX UT WOS:000238326500015 ER PT J AU Chi, MF Browning, N Orlovskaya, N AF Chi, MF Browning, N Orlovskaya, N TI Microstructural evolution of protective La-Cr-O films studied by transmission electron microscopy SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE ELECTROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE interconnect material; La-Cr-O thin films; TEM; EELS ID STAINLESS-STEEL INTERCONNECT; OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; OXIDATION-KINETICS; ALLOY; SOFCS AB Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) were performed to study the microstructural evolution of La-Cr-O thin films deposited by radio frequency (RF)-magnetron sputtering on stainless steel substrates. Chromium L edges and oxygen K edges are analyzed to determine the valence states of the chromium and elucidate the phase evolution of the thin film. The as-deposited amorphous thin film crystallized to LaCrO4 and finally transformed to the LaCrO3 stable phase during annealing at 800 degrees C. An intermediate Cr/Mn oxide layer was formed in all annealed samples. The thickness of this oxide layer stabilizes after 700 degrees C, which indicates that the LaCrO3 thin film plays a role in inhibiting the growth of an oxide layer on the metal surface. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Chi, MF (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mchi@ucdavis.edu RI Chi, Miaofang/Q-2489-2015; OI Chi, Miaofang/0000-0003-0764-1567; Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-8488 J9 J SOLID STATE ELECTR JI J. Solid State Electrochem. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 10 IS 8 BP 659 EP 662 DI 10.1007/s10008-006-0138-7 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 053SX UT WOS:000238326500018 ER PT J AU Corti, HR Simonson, JM AF Corti, Horacio R. Simonson, J. M. TI Densities and apparent molar volumes of NaOH(aq) to the temperature 623 K and pressure to 30 MPa SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE NaOH(aq); NaCl(aq); density; apparent molar volume; high temperature ID AQUEOUS SODIUM-HYDROXIDE; POTASSIUM HYDROXIDES; HEAT-CAPACITIES; VAPOR-PRESSURE; WATER; THERMODYNAMICS; CONDUCTIVITY; DILUTION; ASSOCIATION; CONDUCTANCE AB Densities of NaOH(aq) solutions with molalities between 0.033 and 6.047 mol(.)kg(-1) were measured with a vibrating-tube densitometer at temperatures between 373 K and 623 K and pressures from near the saturation vapor pressure of water to 30 MPa. Apparent molar volumes, V-phi, calculated from the measured densities in this work were well represented with the Pitzer ion-interaction treatment up to T = 523 K. Above that temperature the formation of ion pairs must be taken into account to describe correctly the molality dependence of V-phi and for the reliable extrapolation of V-phi to infinite dilution. Standard-state thermodynamic properties for the ion formation reaction were taken from recently published electrical conductivity measurements. A comparison with previous correlations of volumetric properties of NaOH(aq) is presented covering the full range of pressure and temperature. C1 Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Dept Chem, RA-16503 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Analyt Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Corti, HR (reprint author), Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Dept Chem, Av Gen Paz 1499, RA-16503 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-9782 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1057 EP 1074 DI 10.1007/s10953-006-9054-9 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 097NZ UT WOS:000241456000002 ER PT J AU Rard, JA Staggs, KJ Day, SD Carroll, SA AF Rard, Joseph A. Staggs, Kirk J. Day, S. Dan Carroll, Susan A. TI Boiling temperature and reversed deliquescence relative humidity measurements for mineral assemblages in the NaCl+NaNO3+KNO3+Ca(NO3)(2)+H2O system SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE boiling temperature; deliquescence relative humidity; efflorescence relative humidity; saturated solutions; sodium chloride; sodium nitrate; potassium nitrate; calcium nitrate; aqueous solutions ID YUCCA MOUNTAIN; SALT MIXTURES; DEGREES-C; EVOLUTION; NEVADA AB Boiling temperature measurements have been made at ambient pressure for saturated ternary solutions of NaCl + KNO3 + H2O, NaNO3 + KNO3 + H20, and NaCl + Ca(NO3)(2) + H2O over the full composition range, along with those of the single salt systems. Boiling temperatures were also measured for the four component NaCl + NaNO3 + KNO3 + H2O and five component NaCl + NaNO3 + KNO3 + Ca(NO3)(2) + H2O mixtures, where the solute mole fraction of Ca(NO3)(2), x{Ca(No-3)(2)}, was varied between 0 and 0.25. The maximum boiling temperature found for the NaCl + KNO3 + H2O system is 134.9 degrees C; for the NaNO3 + KNO3 + H2O system is;z 165.1 degrees C at x(NaNO3) 0.46 and x(KNO3) 0.54; and for the NaCl + Ca(NO3)(2) + H2O system is 164.7 +/- 0.6 degrees C at x{NaCl} approximate to 0.25 and x{Ca(NO3)(2)} approximate to 0.75. The NaCl + NaNO3 + KNO3 + Ca(NO3)(2) + H2O system forms molten salts below their maximum boiling temperatures and the temperatures corresponding to the cessation of boiling (dry-out temperatures) of these liquid mixtures were determined. These dry-out temperatures range from approximate to 300 degrees C when x{Ca(NO3)(2)} = 0 to > 400 degrees C when x{Ca(NO3)(2)} = 0.20 and 0.25. Mutual deliquescence/efflorescence relative humidity (MDRH/MERH) measurements were also made for the NaNO3 + KNO3 and NaCl + NaNO3 + KNO3 salt mixture from 120 to 180 degrees C at ambient pressure. The NaNO3 + KNO3 salt mixture has a MDRH of 26.4% at 120 degrees C and 20.0% at 150 degrees C. This salt mixture also absorbs water at 180 degrees C, which is higher than expected from the boiling temperature experiments. The NaCl + NaNO3 + KNO3 salt mixture was found to have a MDRH of 25.9% at 120 degrees C and 10.5% at 180 degrees C. The investigated mixture compositions correspond to some of the major mineral assemblages that are predicted to control brine composition due to the deliquescence of salts formed in dust deposited on waste canisters in the proposed nuclear repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rard, JA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rard1@llnl.gov NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 8 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-9782 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1187 EP 1215 DI 10.1007/s10953-006-9049-6 PG 29 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 097NZ UT WOS:000241456000009 ER PT J AU Chernyak, VY Chertkov, M Jarzynski, C AF Chernyak, Vladimir Y. Chertkov, Michael Jarzynski, Christopher TI Path-integral analysis of fluctuation theorems for general Langevin processes SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT LA English DT Article DE rigorous results in statistical mechanics; driven diffusive systems (theory); exact results ID FREE-ENERGY DIFFERENCES; NONEQUILIBRIUM STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; STEADY-STATE THERMODYNAMICS; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; STOCHASTIC DYNAMICS; ELASTIC TURBULENCE; POLYMER-SOLUTIONS; WORK RELATION; SHEAR-FLOW; EQUILIBRIUM AB We examine classical, transient fluctuation theorems within the unifying framework of Langevin dynamics. We explicitly distinguish between the effects of non-conservative forces that violate detailed balance, and nonautonomous dynamics arising from the variation of an external parameter. When both these sources of nonequilibrium behaviour are present, there naturally arise two distinct fluctuation theorems. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Chem, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chernyak, VY (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Chem, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM chernyak@chem.wayne.edu; chertkov1@lanl.gov; chrisj@lanl.gov RI Jarzynski, Christopher/B-4490-2009; Chertkov, Michael/O-8828-2015; Chernyak, Vladimir/F-5842-2016; OI Jarzynski, Christopher/0000-0002-3464-2920; Chernyak, Vladimir/0000-0003-4389-4238; Chertkov, Michael/0000-0002-6758-515X NR 60 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 2 U2 24 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-5468 J9 J STAT MECH-THEORY E JI J. Stat. Mech.-Theory Exp. PD AUG PY 2006 AR P08001 DI 10.1088/1742-5468/2006/08/P08001 PG 19 WC Mechanics; Physics, Mathematical SC Mechanics; Physics GA 096YO UT WOS:000241413100003 ER PT J AU Bastea, S Esposito, R Lebowitz, JL Marra, R AF Bastea, Sorin Esposito, Raffaele Lebowitz, Joel L. Marra, Rossana TI Sharp interface motion of a binary fluid mixture SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE interface evolution; Navier-Stokes equations; binary fluids; phase segregation ID LONG-RANGE INTERACTIONS; PHASE SEGREGATION DYNAMICS; CAHN-HILLIARD EQUATION; BOLTZMANN-EQUATION; SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; PARTICLE-SYSTEMS; FREE-ENERGY; MODEL; DERIVATION; STABILITY AB We derive hydrodynamic equations describing the evolution of a binary fluid segregated into two regions, each rich in one species,which are separated (on the macroscopic scale) by a sharp interface. Our starting point is a Vlasov-Boltzmann (VB) equation describing the evolution of the one particle position and velocity distributions, f(i) (x, v, t), i = 1, 2. The solution of the VB equation is developed in a Hilbert expansion appropriate for this system. This yields incompressible Navier-Stokes equations for the velocity field u and a jump boundary condition for the pressure across the interface. The interface, in turn, moves with a velocity given by the normal component of u. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Matemat, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Math, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Bastea, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Marra, Rossana/K-7677-2015; OI Marra, Rossana/0000-0002-9577-0248; Esposito, Raffaele/0000-0003-1744-4161 NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-4715 J9 J STAT PHYS JI J. Stat. Phys. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 124 IS 2-4 BP 445 EP 483 DI 10.1007/s10955-006-9040-z PG 39 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 097NR UT WOS:000241455200008 ER PT J AU Poole, KJV Lorenz, M Evans, G Rosenbaum, G Pirani, A Craig, R Tobacman, LS Lehman, W Holmes, KC AF Poole, Katrina J. V. Lorenz, Michael Evans, Gwyndaf Rosenbaum, Gerd Pirani, Alnoor Craig, Roger Tobacman, Larry S. Lehman, William Holmes, Kenneth C. TI A comparison of muscle thin filament models obtained from electron microscopy reconstructions and low-angle X-ray fibre diagrams from non-overlap muscle SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Workshop on Coiled Coils, Collagen and Co-Proteins CY SEP 11-17, 2005 CL Alpbach, AUSTRIA DE tropomyosin; actin; thin filament structure; striated muscle activation; calcium activation; steric blocking; myosin crossbridge; crossbridge binding ID TROPOMYOSIN-TROPONIN COMPLEX; VERTEBRATE SKELETAL-MUSCLE; F-ACTIN MODEL; MYOSIN SUBFRAGMENT-1; STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; ATOMIC MODEL; 3-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION; ALPHA-TROPOMYOSIN; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DIFFRACTION DATA AB The regulation of striated muscle contraction involves changes in the interactions of troponin and tropomyosin with actin thin filaments. In resting muscle, myosin-binding sites on actin are thought to be blocked by the coiled-coil protein tropomyosin. During muscle activation, Ca2+ binding to troponin alters the tropomyosin position on actin, resulting in cyclic actin-myosin interactions that accompany muscle contraction. Evidence for this steric regulation by troponin-tropomyosin comes from X-ray data [Haselgrove, J.C., 1972. X-ray evidence for a conformational change in the actin-containing filaments of verterbrate striated muscle. Cold Spring Habor Symp. Quant. Biol. 37, 341-352; Huxley, H.E., 1972. Structural changes in actin and myosin-containing filaments during contraction. Cold Spring Habor Symp. Quant. Biol. 37, 361-376; Parry, D.A., Squire, J.M., 1973. Structural role of tropomyosin in muscle regulation: analysis of the X-ray diffraction patterns from relaxed and contracting muscles. J. Mot. Biol. 75, 33-55] and electron microscope (EM) data [Spudich, J.A., Huxley, H.E., Finch, J., 1972. Regulation of skeletal muscle contraction. II. Structural studies of the interaction of the tropomyosin-troponin complex with actin. J. Mot. Biol. 72, 619-632, O'Brien, E.J., Gillis, J.M., Couch, J., 1975. Symmetry and molecular arrangement in paracrystals of reconstituted muscle thin filaments. J. Mot. Biol. 99, 461-475; Lehman, W., Craig, R., Vibert, P., 1994. Ca(2+)-induced tropomyosin movement in Limulus thin filaments revealed by three-dimensional reconstruction. Nature 368, 65-67] each with its own particular strengths and limitations. Here we bring together some of the latest information from EM analysis of single thin filaments from Pirani et al. [Pirani, A., Xu, C., Hatch, V., Craig, R., Tobacman, L.S., Lehman, W. (2005). Single particle analysis of relaxed and activated muscle thin filaments. J. Mot. Biol. 346, 761-772], with synchrotron X-ray data from non-overlapped muscle fibres to refine the models of the striated muscle thin filament. This was done by incorporating current atomic-resolution structures of actin, tropomyosin, troponin and myosin subfragment-1. Fitting these atomic coordinates to EM reconstructions, we present atomic models of the thin filament that are entirely consistent with a steric regulatory mechanism. Further-more, fitting the atomic models against diffraction data from skinned muscle fibres, stretched to non-overlap to preclude crossbridge binding, produced very similar results, including a large Ca2+-induced shift in tropomyosin azimuthal location but little change in the actin structure or apparent alteration in troponin position. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Max Planck Inst Med Res, Arbeitsgrp Biophys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Diamond Light Source Ltd, Rutherford Appleton Lab, Chilton OX11 0DE, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Holmes, KC (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Med Res, Arbeitsgrp Biophys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. EM Ken.Holmes@mpimf-heidelberg.mpg.de RI Evans, Gwyndaf/R-5524-2016; OI Evans, Gwyndaf/0000-0002-6079-2201; Holmes, Kenneth/0000-0001-8894-9453 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR08426]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL36153, HL38834]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR34711] NR 67 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 155 IS 2 BP 273 EP 284 DI 10.1016/j.jsb.2006.02.020 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 082OG UT WOS:000240395600016 PM 16793285 ER PT J AU Cui, XH Gao, JH Potok, TE AF Cui, Xiaohui Gao, Jinzhu Potok, Thomas E. TI A flocking based algorithm for document clustering analysis SO JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE LA English DT Article DE document clustering; bio-inspired; agent; flocking model; F-measure AB Social animals or insects in nature often exhibit a form of emergent collective behavior known as flocking. In this paper, we present a novel Flocking based approach for document clustering analysis. Our Flocking clustering algorithm uses stochastic and heuristic principles discovered from observing bird flocks or fish schools. Unlike other partition clustering algorithm such as K-means, the Flocking based algorithm does not require initial partitional seeds. The algorithm generates a clustering of a given set of data through the embedding of the high-dimensional data items on a two-dimensional grid for easy clustering result retrieval and visualization. Inspired by the self-organized behavior of bird flocks, we represent each document object with a flock boid. The simple local rules followed by each flock boid result in the entire document flock generating complex global behaviors, which eventually result in a clustering of the documents. We evaluate the efficiency of our algorithm with both a synthetic dataset and a real document collection that includes 100 news articles collected from the Internet. Our results show that the Flocking clustering algorithm achieves better performance compared to the K-means and the Ant clustering algorithm for real document clustering. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cui, XH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM cuix@ornl.gov; gaoj@ornl.gov; potokte@ornl.gov OI Potok, Thomas/0000-0001-6687-3435 NR 31 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-7621 J9 J SYST ARCHITECT JI J. Syst. Architect. PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 52 IS 8-9 BP 505 EP 515 DI 10.1016/j.sysarc.2006,02.003 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 070VG UT WOS:000239552900005 ER EF