FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Rescigno, TN Trevisan, CS Orel, AE AF Rescigno, T. N. Trevisan, C. S. Orel, A. E. TI Dynamics of low-energy electron attachment to formic acid SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULES; IMPACT; STATES; HCOOH AB Low-energy electrons (< 2 eV) can fragment gas phase formic acid (HCOOH) molecules through resonant dissociative attachment processes. Recent experiments have shown that the principal reaction products of such collisions are formate ions (HCOO-) and hydrogen atoms. Using first-principles electron scattering calculations, we have identified the responsible negative ion state as a transient pi(*) anion. Symmetry considerations dictate that the associated dissociation dynamics are intrinsically polyatomic: a second anion surface, connected to the first by a conical intersection, is involved in the dynamics and the transient anion must necessarily deform to nonplanar geometries before it can dissociate to the observed stable products. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Rescigno, TN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 20 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 2 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 21 AR 213201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.213201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 049GK UT WOS:000238004000014 PM 16803233 ER PT J AU Pawelek, PD Croteau, N Ng-Thow-Hing, C Khursigara, CM Moiseeva, N Allaire, M Coulton, JW AF Pawelek, PD Croteau, N Ng-Thow-Hing, C Khursigara, CM Moiseeva, N Allaire, M Coulton, JW TI Structure of TonB in complex with FhuA, E-coli outer membrane receptor SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID C-TERMINAL DOMAIN; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BOUND-STATES; TRANSPORT; PROTEIN; REVEALS; REGION; BTUB AB The cytoplasmic membrane protein TonB spans the periplasm of the Gram-negative bacterial cell envelope, contacts cognate outer membrane receptors, and facilitates siderophore transport. The outer membrane receptor FhuA from Escherichia coli mediates TonB-dependent import of ferrichrome. We report the 3.3 angstrom resolution crystal structure of the TonB carboxyl-terminal domain in complex with FhuA. TonB contacts stabilize FhuA's amino-terminal residues, including those of the consensus Ton box sequence that form an interprotein beta sheet with TonB through strand exchange. The highly conserved TonB residue arginine-166 is oriented to form multiple contacts with the FhuA cork, the globular domain enclosed by the beta barrel. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Montreal, PQ H3A 2B4, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Coulton, JW (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 3775 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 2B4, Canada. EM james.coulton@mcgill.ca RI Pawelek, Peter/E-7950-2014 OI Pawelek, Peter/0000-0002-8361-6593 NR 17 TC 153 Z9 157 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 2 PY 2006 VL 312 IS 5778 BP 1399 EP 1402 DI 10.1126/science.1128057 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 048QM UT WOS:000237961600061 PM 16741125 ER PT J AU Demmel, J Hida, Y Kahan, W Li, XS Mukherjee, S Riedy, EJ AF Demmel, James Hida, Yozo Kahan, William Li, Xiaoye S. Mukherjee, Sonil Riedy, E. Jason TI Error bounds from extra-precise iterative refinement SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE algorithms; reliability; linear algebra; LAPACK; BLAS; floating-point arithmetic ID GAUSSIAN-ELIMINATION; LINEAR-SYSTEMS; MATRICES; REAL; NORM AB We present the design and testing of an algorithm for iterative refinement of the solution of linear equations where the residual is computed with extra precision. This algorithm was originally proposed in 1948 and analyzed in the 1960s as a means to compute very accurate solutions to all but the most ill-conditioned linear systems. However, two obstacles have until now prevented its adoption in standard subroutine libraries like LAPACK: ( 1) There was no standard way to access the higher precision arithmetic needed to compute residuals, and ( 2) it was unclear how to compute a reliable error bound for the computed solution. The completion of the new BLAS Technical Forum Standard has essentially removed the first obstacle. To overcome the second obstacle, we show how the application of iterative refinement can be used to compute an error bound in any norm at small cost and use this to compute both an error bound in the usual infinity norm, and a componentwise relative error bound. We report extensive test results on over 6.2 million matrices of dimensions 5, 10, 100, and 1000. As long as a normwise (componentwise) condition number computed by the algorithm is less than 1/max{10,root n} epsilon(w), the computed normwise ( componentwise) error bound is at most 2max{10, root n} . epsilon(w), and indeed bounds the true error. Here, n is the matrix dimension and epsilon(w) = 2(-24) is the working precision. Residuals were computed in double precision ( 53 bits of precision). In other words, the algorithm always computed a tiny error at negligible extra cost for most linear systems. For worse conditioned problems ( which we can detect using condition estimation), we obtained small correct error bounds in over 90% of cases. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Oracle, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA. RP Demmel, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM demmel@cs.berkeley.edu; yozo@cs.berkeley.edu; wkahan@cs.berkeley.edu; xsli@lbl.gov; sonil.mukherjee@oracle.com; ejr@cs.berkeley.edu RI Riedy, Jason/E-7647-2016 OI Riedy, Jason/0000-0002-4345-4200 NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0098-3500 J9 ACM T MATH SOFTWARE JI ACM Trans. Math. Softw. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 32 IS 2 BP 325 EP 351 DI 10.1145/1141885.1141894 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 063YC UT WOS:000239054800009 ER PT J AU Jang, SB Jeong, MS Carter, RJ Holbrook, EL Comolli, LR Holbrook, SR AF Jang, SB Jeong, MS Carter, RJ Holbrook, EL Comolli, LR Holbrook, SR TI Novel crystal form of the ColE1 Rom protein SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-DENSITY MAPS; RNA STEM-LOOPS; PLASMID REPLICATION; PRIMER TRANSCRIPT; RESOLUTION; BUNDLE; CRYSTALLIZATION; PROGRAM; BINDING AB The RNA I modulator protein ( Rom) acts as a co-regulator of ColE1 plasmid copy number by binding to RNA kissing hairpins and stabilizing their interaction. The structure of Rom has been determined in a new crystal form from X-ray diffraction data to 2.5 (A) over circle resolution. In this structure, a dimer of the 57-amino-acid protein is found in the asymmetric unit. Each subunit consists almost entirely of two antiparallel alpha-helices joined by a short hairpin bend. The dimer contains a non-crystallographic twofold axis and forms a highly regular four-alpha-helical bundle. The structural packing in this novel crystal form is different from previously known Rom structures. The asymmetric unit contains one dimer, giving a crystal volume per protein weight ( VM) of 1.83 (A) over circle (3) Da(-1) and a low solvent content of 30%. Strong packing interactions and low solvation are characteristic of the structure. The Rom protein was cocrystallized with the Tar-Tar* kissing hairpin RNA. Although the electron-density maps do not show bound RNA, altered conformations in the side chains of Rom that are known to be involved in RNA binding have been identified. These results provide additional information about Rom protein conformational flexibility and suggest that the presence of a highly charged polymer such as RNA can promote tight packing of an RNA-binding protein, even when the RNA itself is not observed in the crystal. C1 Pusan Natl Univ, Kora Nanobiotechnol Ctr, Pusan 609735, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Biol Struct, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jang, SB (reprint author), Pusan Natl Univ, Kora Nanobiotechnol Ctr, Pusan 609735, South Korea. EM sbjang@pusan.ac.kr; srholbrook@lbl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 4921501] NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 62 BP 619 EP 627 DI 10.1107/S0907444906012388 PN 6 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 041QR UT WOS:000237471300008 PM 16699189 ER PT J AU Young, PG Smith, CA Sun, X Baker, EN Metcalf, P AF Young, PG Smith, CA Sun, X Baker, EN Metcalf, P TI Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis folylpolyglutamate synthase (MtbFPGS) SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY AND CRYSTALLIZATION COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SYNTHETASE AB The gene encoding Mycobacterium tuberculosis FPGS (MtbFPGS; Rv2447c) has been cloned and the protein (51 kDa) expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified protein was crystallized either by the batch method in the presence of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and CoCl2 or by vapour diffusion in the presence of ADP, dihydrofolate and CaCl2. X-ray diffraction data to approximately 2.0 and 2.6 angstrom resolution were collected at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) for crystals grown under the respective conditions. Both crystals belong to the cubic space group P2(1)3, with a unit-cell parameter of 112.6 and 111.8 angstrom, respectively. Structure determination is proceeding. C1 Sch Biol Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Auckland, New Zealand. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. HortRes Palmerston N, Palmerston North, New Zealand. RP Young, PG (reprint author), Sch Biol Sci, Struct Biol Lab, Thomas Bldg,3A Symonds St, Auckland, New Zealand. EM p.young@auckland.ac.nz RI Sun, Xiaolin/P-4882-2016 OI Sun, Xiaolin/0000-0001-7538-1301 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1744-3091 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR F JI Acta Crystallogr. F-Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 62 BP 579 EP 582 DI 10.1107/S1744309106017180 PN 6 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 050DL UT WOS:000238067600025 PM 16754987 ER PT J AU Kutsenko, L Fuks, D Kiv, A Tallanker, M Burlaka, L Monteiro, O Brown, I AF Kutsenko, L Fuks, D Kiv, A Tallanker, M Burlaka, L Monteiro, O Brown, I TI Mechanism of phase transformations in Mg-based alloys subjected to plasma immersion ion implantation of Ag SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE magnesium alloy; implantation; transmission electron microscopy; Ab initio calculations ID TRANSITION-METAL ALLOYS; NI; AU AB The formation of a new phase of composition Mg54Al28Ag18 was observed as a result of plasma immersion ion implantation of Ag into the compound Mg17Al12. The new structure was characterized using a micro-beam diffraction technique. It was found that the implantation-induced phase transition occurs when the retained dose of the implanted ions is within the range of about 10(15)-10(16) ions/cm(2). The implanted system has been studied theoretically by means of density-functional electronic structure calculations and a new ab initio approach has been developed to evaluate the specific concentrations of the implanted ions that might cause the phase transition effect in the implanted matrix. The theoretically estimated values of concentrations are in good agreement with experimental observations. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Mat Engn, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Kiv, A (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Mat Engn, POB 653, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. EM kiv@bgumail.bgu.ac.il NR 16 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 54 IS 10 BP 2637 EP 2643 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.02.003 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 051QB UT WOS:000238174500006 ER PT J AU Nibur, KA Bahr, DF Somerday, BP AF Nibur, KA Bahr, DF Somerday, BP TI Hydrogen effects on dislocation activity in austenitic stainless steel SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE hydrogen; nanoindentation; dislocations ID INDENTATION EXPERIMENTS; SHEAR MODULUS; NANOINDENTATION; PLASTICITY; LOCALIZATION; DEFORMATION; NUCLEATION; CHARACTER; MOBILITY; METALS AB Nanoindentation has been used to study the effect of dissolved hydrogen on the deformation of small volumes for the austenitic stainless steel 21Cr-W-Mn. Hydrogen reduces the load at which dislocations are nucleated and it is further shown that this is likely due to hydrogen reducing the shear modulus. Slip steps around indentations have been imaged and have shown hydrogen increases slip planarity. This is attributed as the cause of the increase in the measured hardness. Additionally,. regions in which slip steps resulted primarily from a single slip plane prior to hydrogen charging exhibited slip steps from two different slip planes after hydrogen charging. This suggests that hydrogen may lower the stress necessary for dislocations to glide on the second slip plane. The increase in slip planarity and activation of slip on additional planes are consistent with the hydrogen-enhanced localized plasticity mechanism. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bahr, DF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, POB 642920,201 Sloan Hall Spokane St, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM bahr@mail.wsu.edu RI Bahr, David/A-6521-2012 OI Bahr, David/0000-0003-2893-967X NR 29 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 2 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 54 IS 10 BP 2677 EP 2684 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.02.007 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 051QB UT WOS:000238174500010 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Hamza, AV Ma, E AF Wang, Y. M. Hamza, A. V. Ma, E. TI Temperature-dependent strain rate sensitivity and activation volume of nanocrystalline Ni SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE nanocrystalline Ni; strain rate sensitivity; activation volume; activation energy; deformation mechanism ID GRAIN-SIZE DEPENDENCE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TENSILE PROPERTIES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; YIELD-STRESS; METALS; NICKEL; STRENGTH AB Repeated stress relaxation tests and strain rate jump tests have been carried out over a range of deformation temperatures (77-373 K) on electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni with an average grain size of similar to 30 nm. The strain rate sensitivity, the apparent and physical activation volume, and the activation energy have been determined. The magnitude observed for these characteristic deformation parameters, as well as their temperature-dependent behavior, is very different from those of coarse-grained Ni. This suggests that the thermally activated process in nanocrystalline Ni is different from the conventional forest dislocation cutting mechanism. It is concluded that grain boundary diffusion-controlled processes such as Coble creep and grain boundary sliding can be ruled out as dominant mechanisms for the grain sizes and temperature range studied. Instead, our experimental findings and analysis suggest that the deformation kinetics are controlled by the activities of dislocations. The dominant thermally activated mechanism is suggested to originate from three possible processes, all involving interactions of mobile dislocations with grain boundaries. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia, Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, L-367,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ymwang@llnl.gov; ema@jhu.edu RI Ma, En/A-3232-2010; Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/F-2249-2010 OI Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/0000-0002-7161-2034 NR 54 TC 221 Z9 227 U1 12 U2 99 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 54 IS 10 BP 2715 EP 2726 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.02.013 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 051QB UT WOS:000238174500014 ER PT J AU Castelnau, O Brenner, R Lebensohn, RA AF Castelnau, O Brenner, R Lebensohn, RA TI The effect of strain heterogeneity on the work hardening of polycrystals predicted by mean-field approaches SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE work hardening; polycrystal; micromechanical modeling; plastic deformation; strain heterogeneity ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; NONLINEAR COMPOSITES; PLASTIC BEHAVIOR; DEFORMATION; TEXTURE; MODEL; EVOLUTION; ALUMINUM; METALS; FCC AB In polycrystalline aggregates deforming by crystal plasticity, the local shears oil each slip system can be significantly affected by the intergranular interaction. Therefore, in the framework of mean-field approaches, the intragrain strain heterogeneity must be taken into account when dealing with microstructure evolution associated with strain hardening. For that goal, a novel treatment is proposed and applied to a two-dimensional linearly viscous polycrystal. The results of the implementation of this new hardening treatment within the self-consistent scheme are compared to those of a fast Fourier transform-based full-field computation, considered as a reference solution. It is shown that the evolution with strain of the grain average reference resolved shear stress (RRSS) is well reproduced by the proposed scheme. The overall stress response of the polycrystal is slightly underestimated, due to some intrinsic heterogeneity of the distribution of RRSS. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia. Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Paris 13, CNRS, Lab Proprietes Mecan & Thermodynam Mat, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87815 USA. RP Castelnau, O (reprint author), Univ Paris 13, CNRS, Lab Proprietes Mecan & Thermodynam Mat, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France. EM oc@lpmtm.univ-paris13.fr RI Lebensohn, Ricardo/A-2494-2008; castelnau, olivier/E-7789-2011 OI Lebensohn, Ricardo/0000-0002-3152-9105; castelnau, olivier/0000-0001-7422-294X NR 53 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 54 IS 10 BP 2745 EP 2756 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.02.014 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 051QB UT WOS:000238174500017 ER PT J AU Radovic, M Barsoum, MW Ganguly, A Zhen, T Finkel, P Kalidindi, SR Lara-Curzio, E AF Radovic, M. Barsoum, M. W. Ganguly, A. Zhen, T. Finkel, P. Kalidindi, S. R. Lara-Curzio, E. TI On the elastic properties and mechanical damping of Ti3SiC2, Ti3GeC2, Ti3Si0.5Al0.5C2 and Ti2AlC in the 300-1573 K temperature range SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE resonant ultrasound spectroscopy; dislocations; kinking; brittle-to-ductile transition; loss factor ID KINK BANDS; GRAIN-SIZE; TENSILE CREEP; STRAIN-RATE; CERAMICS; SOLIDS; NANOINDENTATIONS; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEFORMATION; CARBIDES AB In this paper we report on the temperature dependencies of Young's, E, and shear moduli, mu, of polycrystalline Ti3SiC2, Ti2AlC, Ti3GeC2 and Ti3Si0.5Al0.5C2 samples determined by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy in the 300-1573 K temperature range. For the isostructural 312 phases, both the longitudinal and shear sound velocities decrease in the following order: Ti3SiC2 > Ti3Si0.5Al0.5C2 > Ti3AlC2 > Ti3GeC2. Like other phases in the same family, these solids are relatively stiff and lightweight. The room temperature E values range between 340 and 277 GPa for Ti2AlC to 340 GPa for Ti3SiC2; the corresponding p values range between 119 and 144 GPa. Poisson's ratio is around 0.19. Both E and mu decrease linearly and slowly with increasing temperature for all compositions examined. The loss factor, Q(-1), is found to be relatively high and a weak function of grain size and temperature up to a critical temperature, after which it increases significantly. Modest (4% strain) pre-deformation of Ti3SiC2 at elevated temperatures results in roughly an order of magnitude increase in Q(-1) as compared to as-sintered samples, which led us to the conclusion that the damping is due to the interaction of dislocation segments with the ultrasound waves. That Q(-1) decreases with increasing strain amplitude is consistent with such an interpretation. The loss factors of the deformed Ti3SiC2 sample are orders of magnitude higher than those of typical structural ceramics. The technological implications of having readily machinable solids that have stiffnesses comparable to Si3N4 and damping capabilities comparable to some woods are obvious and are discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barsoum, MW (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM barsoumw@drexel.edu RI Kalidindi, Surya/A-1024-2007; OI Kalidindi, Surya/0000-0001-6909-7507 NR 52 TC 123 Z9 126 U1 5 U2 50 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 54 IS 10 BP 2757 EP 2767 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.02.019 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 051QB UT WOS:000238174500018 ER PT J AU Kaschner, GC Tome, CN Beyerlein, IJ Vogel, SC Brown, DW McCabe, RJ AF Kaschner, GC Tome, CN Beyerlein, IJ Vogel, SC Brown, DW McCabe, RJ TI Role of twinning in the hardening response of zirconium during temperature reloads SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE zirconium; twinning; hexagonal close packing; strain path changes; neutron texture ID FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS; INTERSTITIAL IMPURITIES; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; ALPHA-TITANIUM; STRAIN-RATE; DEFORMATION; TEXTURE; SIMULATION; ALLOYS AB We aim to elucidate the interaction between twinning and slip in clock-rolled zirconium plate, and the role that it plays in the hardening response. Compression samples were deformed at liquid nitrogen temperature along the through-thickness and the in-plane direction of the plate to create compressive or tensile twins, respectively. The same samples were reloaded at room temperature and large differences in stress-strain response were observed with respect to samples loaded at room temperature from the beginning. Mechanical tests were complemented with texture analysis by neutron diffraction and orientation imaging microscopy, and also by polycrystal modeling. We show that twins influence the reload behavior by either rebrienting material for easy slip or by providing barriers to slip. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kaschner, GC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kaschner@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Tome, Carlos/D-5058-2013; Kaschner, George/H-4445-2013; Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011; OI McCabe, Rodney /0000-0002-6684-7410; Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361 NR 23 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 54 IS 11 BP 2887 EP 2896 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.02.036 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 055RM UT WOS:000238468100001 ER PT J AU Han, BQ Huang, JY Zhu, YT Lavernia, EJ AF Han, BQ Huang, JY Zhu, YT Lavernia, EJ TI Strain rate dependence of properties of cryomilled bimodal 5083 Al alloys SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE aluminum alloys; cryomilling; mechanical properties; strain rate ID SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; HIGH-TENSILE DUCTILITY; RATE SENSITIVITY; ALUMINUM-ALLOY; DIFFUSIONAL RELAXATION; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; GRAIN-SIZE; MG ALLOY; NANOCRYSTALLINE COPPER; NANOSTRUCTURED METAL AB The strain-rate-dependent deformation behavior of bimodal 5083 At alloys processed by cryomilling is studied in the present investigation. The alloys were processed by hot extrusion of a mixture of cryomilled and unmilled At powders. Their tensile stress strain curves displayed a short work-hardening region, followed by a small stress drop after the ultimate stress while their tensile ductility increased with decreasing strain rates. Compressive stress-strain curves displayed a nearly perfect plastic behavior and negative strain rate sensitivity. Inspection of the deformation characteristics and fractography revealed that the higher ductility at lower strain rate was caused by effective diffusion-mediated stress relaxation, which delayed microcrack nucleation and propagation. Furthermore, crack blunting/bridging by ductile coarse grains played a significant role at lower strain rates. The phenomenon of the negative strain rate sensitivity of compression flow stress is proposed to be as a consequence of dynamic strain aging. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Han, BQ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM bqhan@ucdavis.edu RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Huang, Jianyu/C-5183-2008; Lavernia, Enrique/I-6472-2013 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; Lavernia, Enrique/0000-0003-2124-8964 NR 50 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 54 IS 11 BP 3015 EP 3024 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.02.045 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 055RM UT WOS:000238468100013 ER PT J AU Doring, M Oset, E Strottman, D AF Doering, M. Oset, E. Strottman, D. TI Chiral dynamics in gamma p -> pi 0 eta p and related reactions SO ACTA PHYSICA SLOVACA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Production and Decay of ETA and ETA-Prime Mesons CY SEP 15-18, 2005 CL Univ Cracow, Cracow, POLAND SP European Comm Res Infrastruct Activ HO Univ Cracow ID PERTURBATION-THEORY; BARYON RESONANCES; PHOTOPRODUCTION; LAMBDA(1405); STATES; QUARK; MASS; ETA AB Using a chiral unitary approach for meson-baryon scattering in the strangeness zero sector, where the N*(1535) and Delta*(1700) resonances are dynamically generated, we study the reactions gamma p -> pi(0)eta p and gamma p -> pi K-0(0)Sigma(+) at photon energies at which the final states are produced close to threshold. Among several reaction mechanisms, we find the most important is the excitation of the Delta* (1700) state which subsequently decays into a pseudoscalar meson and the N* (1535). Hence, the reaction provides useful information with which to test current theories of the dynamical generation of the low-lying 1/2(-) and 3/2(-) states. Predictions are made for cross sections and invariant mass distributions which can be compared with forthcoming experiments at ELSA. C1 Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Invest Paterna,Ctr Mixto, IFIC, Valencia 46071, Spain. Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Invest Paterna, Dept Fis Teor, Valencia 46071, Spain. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Doring, M (reprint author), Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Invest Paterna, Dept Fis Teor, Aptd 22085, Valencia 46071, Spain. EM doering@ific.uv.es; oset@ific.uv.es; dds@ific.uv.es NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLOVAK ACAD SCIENCES INST PHYSICS PI BRATISLAVA PA DUBRAVSKA CESTA 9, 842 28 BRATISLAVA, SLOVAKIA SN 0323-0465 EI 1336-040X J9 ACTA PHYS SLOVACA JI Acta Phys. Slovaca PD JUN PY 2006 VL 56 IS 3 BP 221 EP 225 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 054BG UT WOS:000238349900005 ER PT J AU Foley, JC AF Foley, JC TI Beyond the boundaries SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Foley, JC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM foley@lanl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 164 IS 6 BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 050SP UT WOS:000238108900002 ER PT J AU Iqbal, A Kashani-Poor, AK AF Iqbal, Amer Kashani-Poor, Amir-Kian TI The vertex on a strip SO ADVANCES IN THEORETICAL AND MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AMPLITUDES AB We demonstrate that for a broad class of local Calabi-Yau geometries built around a string of P-1's - those whose toric diagrams are given by triangulations of a strip - we can derive simple rules, based on the topological vertex, for obtaining expressions for the topological string partition function in which the sums over Young tableaux have been performed. By allowing non-trivial tableaux on the external legs of the corresponding web diagrams, these strips can be used as building blocks for more general geometries. As applications of our result, we study the behavior of topological string amplitudes under flops, as well as check Nekrasov's conjecture in its most general form. C1 GC Univ, Sch Math Sci, Lahore 54600, Pakistan. Univ Washington, Dept Math, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Iqbal, A (reprint author), GC Univ, Sch Math Sci, Lahore 54600, Pakistan. EM iqbal.amer@gmail.com NR 21 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PRESS PI SOMERVILLE PA PO BOX 43502, SOMERVILLE, MA 02143 USA SN 1095-0761 J9 ADV THEOR MATH PHYS JI Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 10 IS 3 BP 317 EP 343 PG 27 WC Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 087UB UT WOS:000240766800002 ER PT J AU Thomson, AM Izaurralde, RC Rosenberg, NJ He, XX AF Thomson, AM Izaurralde, RC Rosenberg, NJ He, XX TI Climate change impacts on agriculture and soil carbon sequestration potential in the Huang-Hai Plain of China SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE soil organic carbon; China; climate change mitigation; agriculture; simulation modeling ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; LAND-USE CHANGE; ORGANIC-CARBON; WINTER-WHEAT; NORTHEAST CHINA; UNITED-STATES; WIND EROSION; EPIC MODEL; YIELD; PRODUCTIVITY AB For thousands of years, the Huang-Hai Plain in northeast China has been one of the most productive agricultural regions of the country. The future of this region will be determined in large part by how global climatic changes impact regional conditions and by actions taken to mitigate or adapt to climate change impacts. One potential mitigation strategy is to promote management practices that have the potential to sequester carbon in the soils. The IPCC estimates that 40 Pg of C could be sequestered in cropland soils worldwide over the next several decades; however, changes in global climate may impact this potential. Here, we assess the potential for soil C sequestration with conversion of a conventional till (CT) continuous wheat system to a wheat-corn double cropping system and by implementing no till (NT) management for both continuous wheat and wheat-corn systems. To assess the influence of these management practices under a changing climate, we use two climate change scenarios (A2 and B2) at two time periods in the EPIC agro-ecosystent simulation model. The applied climate change scenarios are from the HadCM3 global climate model for the periods 2015-2045 and 2070-2099 which projects consistent increases in temperature and precipitation of greater than 5 degrees C and up to 300 mm by 2099. An increase in the variability of temperature is also projected and is, accordingly, applied in the simulations. The EPIC model indicates that winter wheat yields would increase on average by 0.2 Mg ha(-1) in the earlier period and by 0.8 Mg ha(-1) in the later period due to warmer nighttime temperatures and higher precipitation. Simulated yields were not significantly affected by imposed changes in crop management. Simulated soil organic C content was higher under both NT management and double cropping than under CT continuous wheat. The simulated changes in management were a more important factor in SOC changes than the scenario of climate change. Soil C sequestration rates for continuous wheat systems were increased by an average of 0.4 Mg ha(-1) year(-1) by NT in the earlier period and by 0.2 Mg ha(-1) year(-1) in the later period. With wheat-corn double cropping, NT increased sequestration rates by 0.8 and 0.4 Mg ha(-1) year(-1) for the earlier and later periods, respectively. The total C offset due to a shift from CT to NT under continuous wheat over 16 million hectares in the Huang-Hai Plain is projected to reach 240 Tg C in the earlier period and 180 Tg C in the later period. Corresponding C offsets for wheat-corn cropping are 675-495 Tg C. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Thomson, AM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, 8400 Baltimore Ave,Suite 201, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Allison.thomson@pnl.gov RI Thomson, Allison/B-1254-2010; Izaurralde, Roberto/E-5826-2012; daorui, han/G-3767-2011 NR 66 TC 67 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 114 IS 2-4 BP 195 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2005.11.001 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 032LT UT WOS:000236776600005 ER PT J AU Schlenoff, C Albus, J Messina, E Barbera, AJ Madhavan, R Balakirsky, S AF Schlenoff, C Albus, J Messina, E Barbera, AJ Madhavan, R Balakirsky, S TI Using 4D/RCS to address AI knowledge integration SO AI MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID ARCHITECTURE AB In this article, we show how 4D/RCS incorporates and integrates multiple types of disparate knowledge representation techniques into a common, unifying architecture. The 4D/RCS architecture is based on the supposition that different knowledge representation techniques offer different advantages, and 4D/RCS is designed in such a way as to combine the strengths of all of these techniques into a common unifying architecture in order to exploit the advantages of each. In the context of applying the architecture to the control of autonomous vehicles, we describe the procedural and declarative types of knowledge that have been developed and applied and the value that each brings to achieving the ultimate goal of autonomous navigation. We also look at symbolic versus iconic knowledge representation and show how 4D/RCS accommodates both of these types of representations and uses the strengths of each to strive towards achieving human-level intelligence in autonomous systems. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Schlenoff, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM barbera@nist.gov; raj.madhavan@ieee.org OI Messina, Elena/0000-0002-1727-9357 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELL PI MENLO PK PA 445 BURGESS DRIVE, MENLO PK, CA 94025-3496 USA SN 0738-4602 J9 AI MAG JI AI Mag. PD SUM PY 2006 VL 27 IS 2 BP 71 EP 81 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 056VB UT WOS:000238552100006 ER PT J AU Thanos, PK Michaelides, M Wang, GJ Volkow, ND AF Thanos, Panayotis (Peter) K. Michaelides, Michael Wang, Gene Jack Volkow, Nora D. TI Effects of the cannabinoid CB1 antagonist SR141716 on food intake and ethanol consumption in lean and obese Zucker rats SO ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 29th Annual Meeting of the Research-Society-on-Alcoholism CY JUN 23-29, 2006 CL Baltimore, MD SP Res Soc Alcoholism C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Behav Neuropharmacol & Neuroimaging Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NIAAA, Lab Neuroimaging, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Michaelides, Michael/K-4736-2013 OI Michaelides, Michael/0000-0003-0398-4917 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-6008 J9 ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES JI Alcoholism (NY) PD JUN PY 2006 VL 30 IS 6 SU S BP 130A EP 130A PG 1 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 053IS UT WOS:000238299400493 ER PT J AU Kirova, R Perkins, A Pitts, SM Li, Z Baker, E Langston, MA Chesler, EJ AF Kirova, R. Perkins, A. Pitts, S. M. Li, Z. Baker, E. Langston, Michael A. Chesler, E. J. TI Mapping the ethanol-related phenome space using gene-centric combinatorial methods SO ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 29th Annual Meeting of the Research-Society-on-Alcoholism CY JUN 23-29, 2006 CL Baltimore, MD SP Res Soc Alcoholism C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Baylor Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Waco, TX 76798 USA. RI Langston, Michael/A-9484-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-6008 J9 ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES JI Alcoholism (NY) PD JUN PY 2006 VL 30 IS 6 SU S BP 180A EP 180A PG 1 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 053IS UT WOS:000238299401141 ER PT J AU Goldowitz, D Matthews, DB Hamre, KM Mittleman, G Chesler, EJ Becker, HC Lopez, MF Jones, SR Mathews, TA Miles, MF Kerns, R Grant, KA AF Goldowitz, D Matthews, DB Hamre, KM Mittleman, G Chesler, EJ Becker, HC Lopez, MF Jones, SR Mathews, TA Miles, MF Kerns, R Grant, KA TI Progress in using mouse inbred strains, consomics, and mutants to identify genes related to stress, anxiety, and alcohol phenotypes SO ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ethanol phenotypes; behavioral genetics; stress; alcohol; gene networks; schedule-induced polydipsia; mesolimbic dopamine ID SCHEDULE-INDUCED-POLYDIPSIA; RAT NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS; CHRONIC ETHANOL EXPOSURE; PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA; COMPLEX TRAIT ANALYSIS; EXTRACELLULAR DOPAMINE; PHYSICAL-DEPENDENCE; C57BL/6J MICE; IN-VIVO AB This article summarizes the proceedings of a symposium that took place at the 2005 meeting of the Research Society on Alcoholism. The organizers/chairs were Daniel Goldowitz and Katheen A. Grant. The presentations were as follows: (1) High-Throughput Screening for Ethanol Phenotypes, by Douglas B. Matthews and Kristin M. Hamre; (2) Genetic Basis of Schedule-Induced Polydipsia in Mice, by Guy Mittleman and Elissa J. Chesler; (3) Effects of Stress and Ethanol Dependence on Ethanol Self-administration in Inbred and Mutant Mice, by Howard C. Becker and Marcelo F. Lopez; (4) Changes in Dopaminergic Mechanisms Associated With Ethanol Dependence, by Sara R. Jones and Tiffany A. Mathews; and (5) Defining Brain Region-Specific Gene Networks Relevant to Ethanol Behaviors, by Michael F. Miles and Robnet Kerns. C1 Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Univ Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Med Coll S Carolina, Charleston, SC USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Goldowitz, D (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, 855 Monrose Ave, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. EM dgold@nb.utmem.edu RI Jones, Sara/K-4816-2014 OI Jones, Sara/0000-0002-3424-7576 FU NIAAA NIH HHS [F32 AA015830, AA013509, AA013510, AA014588, F32 AA014726, R01 AA13678, U01 AA014091, U01 AA13506]; NIMH NIH HHS [MH61971] NR 97 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-6008 J9 ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES JI Alcoholism (NY) PD JUN PY 2006 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1066 EP 1078 DI 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00125.x PG 13 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 046KQ UT WOS:000237810900021 PM 16737467 ER PT J AU Mendell, MJ AF Mendell, M. J. TI Indoor residential chemical emissions as risk factors for respiratory health effects in infants and children: A review. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S11 EP S11 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132900044 ER PT J AU Weber, TJ Smallwood, HS Kathmann, LE Markillie, LM Squier, TC Thrall, BD AF Weber, TJ Smallwood, HS Kathmann, LE Markillie, LM Squier, TC Thrall, BD TI Functional link between TNF biosynthesis and CaM-dependent activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in RAW 264.7 macrophages SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE inflammation; apoptosis; macrophage activation ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; NF-KAPPA-B; RENAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; MURINE MACROPHAGES; GENE-EXPRESSION; FACTOR-ALPHA; PERITONEAL-MACROPHAGES; CALMODULIN GENE; CREB PHOSPHORYLATION; NUCLEAR-LOCALIZATION AB Inflammatory responses stimulated by bacterial endotoxin LPS involve Ca2+ mediated signaling, yet the cellular sensors that determine cell fate in response to LPS remain poorly understood. We report that exposure of RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cells to LPS induces a rapid increase in CaM abundance, which is associated with the modulation of the inflammatory response. Increases in CaM abundance precede nuclear localization of key transcription factors (i.e., NF-kappa B p65 subunit, phospho-c-Jun, Sp1) and subsequent increases in the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Cellular apoptosis after LPS challenge is blocked upon inhibition of iNOS activity using the pharmacological inhibitor 1400W. LPS-mediated iNOS expression and apoptosis also were inhibited by siRNA-mediated silencing of TNF induction, indicating TNF induction both precedes and is necessary for subsequent regulation of iNOS expression. Increasing the level of cellular CaM by stable transfection results in reductions in LPS-induced expression of TNF and iNOS, along with reduced activation of their transcriptional regulators and concomitant protection against apoptosis. Thus the level of CaM available for Ca2+-dependent signaling regulation plays a key role in determining the expression of the proinflammatory and proapoptotic cascade during cellular activation by LPS. These results indicate a previously unrecognized central role for CaM in maintaining cellular homeostasis in response to LPS such that, under resting conditions, cellular concentrations of CaM are sufficient to inhibit the biosynthesis of proinflammatory mediators associated with macrophage activation. Although CaM and iNOS protein levels are coordinately increased as part of the oxidative burst, limiting cellular concentrations of CaM due to association with iNOS ( and other high-affinity binders) commit the cell to an unchecked inflammatory cascade leading to apoptosis. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cell Biol & Biochem Grp, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Thrall, BD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cell Biol & Biochem Grp, Div Biol Sci, 790 6th St,P7-56, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM brian.thrall@pnl.gov FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-12993] NR 64 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6143 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-CELL PH JI Am. J. Physiol.-Cell Physiol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 290 IS 6 BP C1512 EP C1520 DI 10.1152/ajpcell.00527.2005 PG 9 WC Cell Biology; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Physiology GA 040VA UT WOS:000237407600007 PM 16421203 ER PT J AU Xu, SQ Ying, J Jiang, BB Guo, W Adachi, T Sharov, V Lazar, H Menzoian, J Knyushko, TV Bigelow, D Schoneich, C Cohen, RA AF Xu, SQ Ying, J Jiang, BB Guo, W Adachi, T Sharov, V Lazar, H Menzoian, J Knyushko, TV Bigelow, D Schoneich, C Cohen, RA TI Detection of sequence-specific tyrosine nitration of manganese SOD and SERCA in cardiovascular disease and aging SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nitrotyrosine; manganese superoxide dismutase; sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum calcium adenosinetriphosphatase; antibody; immunohistochemistry ID NITRIC-OXIDE; RETICULUM CA2+-ATPASE; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; PEROXYNITRITE; RELAXATION; MUSCLE; HEART AB Nitration of protein tyrosine residues (nY) is a marker of oxidative stress and may alter the biological activity of the modified proteins. The aim of this study was to develop antibodies toward site-specific nY-modified proteins and to use histochemistry and immunoblotting to demonstrate protein nitration in tissues. Affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies toward peptides with known nY sites in MnSOD nY-34 and of two adjacent nY in the sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA2 di-nY-294,295) were developed. Kidneys from rats infused with ANG II with known MnSOD nY and aorta from atherosclerotic rabbits and aging rat skeletal and cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum with known SERCA di-nY were used for positive controls. Staining for MnSOD nY-34 was most intense in distal renal tubules and collecting ducts. Staining of atherosclerotic aorta for SERCA2 di-nY was most intense in atherosclerotic plaques. Aging rat skeletal muscle and atherosclerotic aorta and cardiac atrium from human diabetic patients also stained positively. Staining was decreased by sodium dithionite, which chemically reduces nitrotyrosine to aminotyrosine, and the antigenic nY-peptide blocked staining for each respective nY site but not for the other. As previously demonstrated, immunoblotting failed to detect these modified proteins in whole tissue lysates but did when the proteins were concentrated. Immunohistochemical staining for specific nY-modified tyrosine residues offers the ability to assess the effects of oxidant stress associated with pathological conditions on individual proteins whose function may be affected in specific tissue sites. C1 Boston Univ, Med Ctr, Vasc Biol Unit X708, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Med Ctr, Vasc Biol Unit, Evans Dept Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Biol Sci Div, Cell Biol & Biochem Grp, Richland, WA USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, Lawrence, KS USA. RP Cohen, RA (reprint author), Boston Univ, Med Ctr, Vasc Biol Unit X708, 650 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM racohen@bumc.bu.edu OI Cohen, Richard/0000-0002-1070-6408 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL 31607-21, N01 HV 28178, R01 HL 55620-08]; NIA NIH HHS [2P01 AG 12993, R01 AG 27080-01] NR 12 TC 91 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6135 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-HEART C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circul. Physiol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 290 IS 6 BP H2220 EP H2227 DI 10.1152/ajpheart.01293.2005 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Physiology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Physiology GA 040YQ UT WOS:000237419600012 PM 16399855 ER PT J AU O'Hegarty, M Pederson, LL Nelson, DE Mowery, P Gable, JM Wortley, P AF O'Hegarty, M Pederson, LL Nelson, DE Mowery, P Gable, JM Wortley, P TI Reactions of young adult smokers to warning labels on cigarette packages SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO HEALTH WARNINGS; IMPACT AB Background: In 1984, the United States Congress enacted legislation requiring four new warning labels for cigarettes; warning labels in the United States have not changed since then. Other countries, such as Canada, have taken a more active and aggressive approach. The purpose of this study was to examine how U.S. smokers and former smokers might respond to stronger and more graphic warnings for U.S. cigarettes packages. Methods: Data were collected in 2003 and analyzed in 2004. The perceived impact and effectiveness of the more-explicit Canadian labels was examined among young adult smokers (n=572) and former smokers (n=191) between the ages of 18 and 24 years in the United States, using a web-based survey that allowed participants to view both the text-only and the text-plus-graphic warning labels. Results: Both current and former smokers thought that cigarette warning labels with text plus graphics were substantially more of a deterrent than text-only labels. The perceived effectiveness of these labels was not only higher overall, but also for the specific areas of smoking-related health effects, prevention, cessation, and maintenance of abstinence. Few differences were noted by gender. Conclusions: The findings from this study support previous research that has found that text-plus-graphic warning labels are more salient and potentially more effective than text-only labels. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RTI Int, Atlanta Reg Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP O'Hegarty, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM MOHegarty@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 6 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 30 IS 6 BP 467 EP 473 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.01.018 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 047FT UT WOS:000237865900003 PM 16704939 ER PT J AU Bailey, DH Borwein, JM Kapoor, V Weisstein, EW AF Bailey, David H. Borwein, Jonathan M. Kapoor, Vishaal Weisstein, Eric W. TI Ten problems in experimental mathematics SO AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL MONTHLY LA English DT Article ID RAMANUJAN AGM FRACTION; CONSTANT; COMPUTATION; EXPANSIONS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Math, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1Z2, Canada. Wolfram Res Inc, CRC Concise Encyclopedia Math, Champaign, IL USA. RP Bailey, DH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dhbailey@lbl.gov; jmborwein@cs.dal.ca; vkapoor@math.ubc.ca; eww@wolfram.com RI Borwein, Jonathan/A-6082-2009; OI Borwein, Jonathan/0000-0002-1263-0646 NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATHEMATICAL ASSOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1529 18TH STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-9890 J9 AM MATH MON JI Am. Math. Mon. PD JUN-JUL PY 2006 VL 113 IS 6 BP 481 EP 509 PG 29 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 050GZ UT WOS:000238076800001 ER PT J AU Kulp, KS Berman, ESF Knize, MG Shattuck, DL Nelson, EJ Wu, LG Montgomery, JL Felton, JS Wu, KJ AF Kulp, KS Berman, ESF Knize, MG Shattuck, DL Nelson, EJ Wu, LG Montgomery, JL Felton, JS Wu, KJ TI Chemical and biological differentiation of three human breast cancer cell types using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ADSORBED PROTEIN FILMS; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; TOF-SIMS; IMAGING ANALYSIS; OVARIAN-CANCER; CARCINOMA; SERUM; LINES; INSTRUMENTATION; DISCRIMINATE AB We use time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry ( TOF-SIMS) to image and classify individual cells on the basis of their characteristic mass spectra. Using statistical data reduction on the large data sets generated during TOF-SIMS analysis, similar biological materials can be differentiated on the basis of a combination of small changes in protein expression, metabolic activity and cell structure. We apply this powerful technique to image and differentiate three carcinoma-derived human breast cancer cell lines ( MCF-7, T47D, and MDA-MB-231). In homogenized cells, we show the ability to differentiate the cell types as well as cellular compartments ( cytosol, nuclear, and membrane). These studies illustrate the capacity of TOF-SIMS to characterize individual cells by chemical composition, which could ultimately be applied to detect and identify single aberrant cells within a normal cell population. Ultimately, we anticipate characterizing rare chemical changes that may provide clues to single cell progression within carcinogenic and metastatic pathways. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kulp, KS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM kulp2@llnl.gov; wu17@llnl.gov RI Wu, Ligang/C-7770-2009; yu, yu/C-7781-2009 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 10IB-0077, CA55861] NR 45 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 11 BP 3651 EP 3658 DI 10.1021/ac060054c PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 048HR UT WOS:000237938700029 PM 16737220 ER PT J AU Shvartsburg, AA Li, FM Tang, KQ Smith, RD AF Shvartsburg, AA Li, FM Tang, KQ Smith, RD TI High-resolution field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry using new planar geometry analyzers SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ESI-FAIMS-MS; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY; GAS-PHASE SEPARATIONS; PER-TRILLION LEVELS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; UBIQUITIN CONFORMERS; HALOACETIC ACIDS; CARRIER GASES; PEAK SHAPES; IONIZATION AB Field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) has emerged as a powerful tool of broad utility for separation and characterization of gas-phase ions, especially in conjunction with mass spectrometry ( MS). In FAIMS, ions are filtered by the dependence of mobility on electric field while being carried by gas flow through the analytical gap between two electrodes of either planar (p-) or cylindrical (c-) geometry. Most FAIMS/MS systems employ c- FAIMS because of its ease of coupling to MS, yet the merits of the two geometries have not been compared in detail. Here, a priori simulations reveal that reducing the FAIMS curvature always improves resolution at equal sensitivity. In particular, the resolving power of p- FAIMS exceeds that of c- FAIMS, typically by a factor of 2-4 depending on the ion species and carrier gas. We have constructed a new planar FAIMS incorporating a curtain plate interface for effective operation with an ESI ion source and joined to an MS using an ion funnel interface with a novel slit aperture. The resolution increases up to 4-fold over existing c- FAIMS, even though the analysis is similar to 2 times faster. This allows separation of species not feasible in previous FAIMS studies, e. g., protonated leucine and isoleucine or new bradykinin isomers. The improvement for protein conformers ( of ubiquitin) is less significant, possibly because of multiple unresolved geometries. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, MS K8-98,3335 Q Ave, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR018522, RR 18522] NR 77 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 11 BP 3706 EP 3714 DI 10.1021/ac052020v PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 048HR UT WOS:000237938700036 PM 16737227 ER PT J AU Martin, ME Wabuyele, MB Chen, K Kasili, P Panjehpour, M Phan, M Overholt, B Cunningham, G Wilson, D DeNovo, RC Vo-Dinh, T AF Martin, ME Wabuyele, MB Chen, K Kasili, P Panjehpour, M Phan, M Overholt, B Cunningham, G Wilson, D DeNovo, RC Vo-Dinh, T TI Development of an advanced hyperspectral imaging (HSI) system with applications for cancer detection SO ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE hyperspectral imaging (HSI); fluorescence imaging; biomedical optics; laser-induced fluorescence ID FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; DIAGNOSIS; MICROSCOPE; ESOPHAGUS AB An advanced hyper-spectral imaging (HSI) system has been developed having obvious applications for cancer detection. This HSI system is based on state-of-the-art liquid crystal tunable filter technology coupled to an endoscope. The goal of this unique HSI technology being developed is to obtain spatially resolved images of the slight differences in luminescent properties of malignant versus non-malignant tissues. In this report, the development of the instrument is discussed and the capability of the instrument is demonstrated by observing mouse carcinomas in-vivo. It is shown that the instrument successfully distinguishes between normal and malignant mouse skin. It is hoped that the results of this study will lead to advances in the optical diagnosis of cancer in humans. C1 Duke Univ, Fitzpatrick Inst Photon, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Ctr Adv Biomed Photon, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Thompson Canc Survival Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37916 USA. Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Cookeville, TN 38501 USA. Univ Tennessee, Sch Vet, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Duke Univ, Fitzpatrick Inst Photon, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM tuan.vodinh@duke.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA88787-01] NR 22 TC 97 Z9 99 U1 5 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-6964 J9 ANN BIOMED ENG JI Ann. Biomed. Eng. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1061 EP 1068 DI 10.1007/s10439-006-9121-9 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 056TA UT WOS:000238546800016 PM 16783661 ER PT J AU He, Q Huang, KH He, ZL Alm, EJ Fields, MW Hazen, TC Arkin, AP Wall, JD Zhou, JZ AF He, Q Huang, KH He, ZL Alm, EJ Fields, MW Hazen, TC Arkin, AP Wall, JD Zhou, JZ TI Energetic consequences of nitrite stress in Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough, inferred from global transcriptional analysis SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; HYBRID-CLUSTER PROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS; REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; OXIDATIVE-STRESS; METAL POLLUTION; H2S PRODUCTION; NITRATE AB Many of the proteins that are candidates for bioenergetic pathways involved with sulfate respiration in Desulfovibrio spp. have been studied, but complete pathways and overall cell physiology remain to be resolved for many environmentally relevant conditions. In order to understand the metabolism of these microorganisms under adverse environmental conditions for improved bioremediation efforts, Desuffiovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough was used as a model organism to study stress response to nitrite, an important intermediate in the nitrogen cycle. Previous physiological studies demonstrated that growth was inhibited by nitrite and that nitrite reduction was observed to be the primary mechanism of detoxification. Global transcriptional profiling with whole-genome microarrays revealed coordinated cascades of responses to nitrite in pathways of energy metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, oxidative stress response, and iron homeostasis. In agreement with previous observations, nitrite-stressed cells showed a decrease in the expression of genes encoding sulfate reduction functions in addition to respiratory oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthase activity. Consequently, the stressed cells had decreased expression of the genes encoding ATP-dependent amino acid transporters and proteins involved in translation. Other genes up-regulated in response to nitrite include the genes in the Fur regulon, which is suggested to be involved in iron homeostasis, and genes in the Per regulon, which is predicted to be responsible for oxidative stress response. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Inst Environm Genom, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Virtual Inst Microbial Stress & Survival, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Temple Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Microbiol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Zhou, JZ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Inst Environm Genom, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM jzhou@ou.edu RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008; He, Qiang/G-9061-2011; He, Zhili/C-2879-2012; Hazen, Terry/C-1076-2012 OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931; He, Qiang/0000-0002-7155-6474; Hazen, Terry/0000-0002-2536-9993 NR 64 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 72 IS 6 BP 4370 EP 4381 DI 10.1128/AEM.02609-05 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 057UG UT WOS:000238620100070 PM 16751553 ER PT J AU Zhang, CL Pearson, A Li, YL Mills, G Wiegel, J AF Zhang, CL Pearson, A Li, YL Mills, G Wiegel, J TI Thermophilic temperature optimum for crenarchaeol synthesis and its implication for archaeal evolution SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANE-LIPIDS; ETHER LIPIDS; POLAR LIPIDS; BLACK-SEA; ARCHAEBACTERIA; BIOMARKERS; OXIDATION; SEDIMENTS; METHANE; BASIN AB The isoprenoid lipid crenarchaeol is widespread in hot springs of California and Nevada. Terrestrial and marine data together suggest a maximum relative abundance of crenarchaeol at similar to 40 degrees C. This warm temperature optimum may have facilitated colonization of the ocean by (hyper)thermophilic Archaea and the major marine radiation of Crenarchaeota. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Zhang, CL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM zhang@srel.edu RI Pearson, Ann/A-6723-2009; Li, Yiliang/E-9916-2010; OI Wiegel, Juergen/0000-0002-6343-6464 NR 30 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 72 IS 6 BP 4419 EP 4422 DI 10.1128/AEM.00191-06 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 057UG UT WOS:000238620100076 PM 16751559 ER PT J AU Cho, CMH Yan, TF Liu, XD Wu, LY Zhou, JZ Stein, LY AF Cho, CMH Yan, TF Liu, XD Wu, LY Zhou, JZ Stein, LY TI Transcriptome of a Nitrosomonas europaea mutant with a disrupted nitrite reductase gene (nirK) SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; AMMONIA OXIDATION; ENTERIC BACTERIA; OXIDE REDUCTASE; DENITRIFICATION; EXPRESSION; TOLERANCE; FNR AB Global gene expression was compared between the Nitrosomonas europaea wild type and a nitrite reductase-deficient mutant using a genomic microarray. Forty-one genes were differentially regulated between the wild type and the nirK mutant, including the nirK operon, genes for cytochrome c oxidase, and seven iron uptake genes. Relationships of differentially regulated genes to the nirK mutant phenotype are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Oklahoma, Inst Environm Genom, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Stein, LY (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Geol 2207, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM lisa.stein@ucr.edu RI Stein, Lisa/A-3760-2014; Stein, Lisa/E-6374-2016 OI Stein, Lisa/0000-0001-5095-5022 NR 25 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 72 IS 6 BP 4450 EP 4454 DI 10.1128/AEM.02958-05 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 057UG UT WOS:000238620100084 PM 16751567 ER PT J AU Moore, KB Ekwurzel, B Esser, BK Hudson, GB Moran, JE AF Moore, Keara B. Ekwurzel, Brenda Esser, Bradley K. Hudson, G. Bryant Moran, Jean E. TI Sources of groundwater nitrate revealed using residence time and isotope methods SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; WATER SAMPLES; NOBLE-GASES; WASTE-WATER; NITROGEN; CONTAMINATION; FATE; TRITIUM; RATIOS; OXYGEN AB Nitrate concentrations approaching and greater than the maximum contaminant level are impairing the viability of many groundwater basins as drinking water sources. Nitrate isotope data are effective in determining contaminant sources, especially when combined with other isotopic tracers such as stable isotopes of water and 3 H-He ages to give insight into the routes and timing of NO3 inputs to the flow system. This combination of techniques is demonstrated in Livermore, CA, where it is determined that low NO3 reclaimed wastewater predominates in the NW, while two flowpaths with distinct NO3 sources originate in the SE. Along the eastern flowpath, delta N-15 values greater than 10 parts per thousand. indicate that animal waste is the primary source. Diminishing concentrations over time suggest that contamination results from historical land use practices. The other flowpath begins in an area where rapid recharge, primarily of low-NO3 imported water (identified by stable isotopes of water and a 3 H-He residence time of < 1 year), mobilizes a significant local NO3 source, bringing groundwater concentrations up to 53 mg NO3 L-1. In this area, artificial recharge of imported water via local arroyos increases the flux of NO3 to the regional aquifer. The low delta N-15 value (3.1 parts per thousand) in this location implicates synthetic fertilizer. In addition to these anthropogenic sources, natural NO3 background levels between 15 and 20 mg NO3 L-1 are found in deep wells with residence times greater than 50 a. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85712 USA. RP Moran, JE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM moran10@llnl.gov RI Esser, Bradley/G-4283-2010 OI Esser, Bradley/0000-0002-3219-4298 NR 41 TC 26 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1016 EP 1029 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.03.008 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 060UQ UT WOS:000238827500012 ER PT J AU Campbell, CG Garrido, F Illera, V Garcia-Gonzalez, MT AF Campbell, C. G. Garrido, F. Illera, V. Garcia-Gonzalez, M. T. TI Transport of Cd, Cu and Pb in an acid soil amended with phosphogypsum, sugar foam and phosphoric rock SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCTS; CONTAMINATED SOILS; HEAVY-METALS; MINERALOGICAL IMPLICATIONS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; IMMOBILIZATION; AMENDMENTS; LEAD; EXTRACTION; EQUATION AB Metal pollution in soils is a world-wide problem requiring new tools for environmental management. This study investigated the transport processes of metals (Cd, Cu and Pb) in undisturbed soil columns of an acid soil amended with phosphogypsum, sugar foam, and phosphoric rock (PG, SF and PR). Sorption mechanisms have been examined in a companion paper using sequential extraction methods. This investigation focused on how these sorption mechanisms relate to transport parameters estimated from metal breakthrough curves using temporal moment analysis. The application of the 3 soil amendments significantly reduced the total metal mass leached from all the columns. Metal travel times were also longer with the addition of the amendments, although retardation values were much lower than those reported in batch studies. Retardation (R) values for Cd, Cu and Pb averaged 1.6, 1.8 and 1.7, respectively, for all treated columns. These R values for the control columns were 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4 for Cd, Cu and Pb, respectively. Additional observations of Al, Ca and SO42- leaching from the columns revealed the existence of fast exchange and precipitation-dissolution reactions included in the transport of metals through the soil. Under the conditions of this study, it is estimated that the mass of Cd, Cu and Pb leached from the soil would be reduced by more than 60-99% with the addition of the amendments. Therefore, all 3 amendments (PG, SF, and PR) appear to have reasonable potential to be applied to reduce metal leaching in polluted agricultural soils. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Water Guidance & Monitoring Grp, Environm Protect Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Consejo Super Invest Cientificas, Inst Ciencias Agrarias, Ctr Ciencias Medioambientales, Madrid 28006, Spain. RP Campbell, CG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Water Guidance & Monitoring Grp, Environm Protect Dept, 7000 E Ave,L-627, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM campbell48@llnl.gov RI Garrido, Fernando/H-9868-2012; Garrido, Fernando/J-5602-2014 NR 41 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1030 EP 1043 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.02.023 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 060UQ UT WOS:000238827500013 ER PT J AU Lau, J Fowler, J Marriage, T Page, L Leong, J Wishnow, E Henry, R Wollack, E Halpern, M Marsden, D Marsden, G AF Lau, Judy Fowler, Joseph Marriage, Tobias Page, Lyman Leong, Jon Wishnow, Edward Henry, Ross Wollack, Ed Halpern, Mark Marsden, Danica Marsden, Gaelen TI Millimeter-wave antireflection coating for cryogenic silicon lenses SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCIES; OPTICS AB We have developed and tested an antireflection (AR) coating method for silicon lenses used at cryogenic temperatures and millimeter wavelengths. Our particular application is a measurement of the cosmic microwave background. The coating consists of machined pieces of Cirlex glued to the silicon. The measured reflection from an AR-coated flat piece is less than 1.5% at the design wavelength. The coating has been applied to flats and lenses and has survived multiple thermal cycles from 300 to 4 K. We present the manufacturing method, the material properties, the tests performed, and estimates of the loss that can be achieved in practical lenses. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observ Cosmol Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RP Lau, J (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 NR 13 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 16 BP 3746 EP 3751 DI 10.1364/AO.45.003746 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 047EY UT WOS:000237863800010 PM 16724132 ER PT J AU Schulz, C Kock, BF Hofmann, M Michelsen, H Will, S Bougie, B Suntz, R Smallwood, G AF Schulz, C. Kock, B. F. Hofmann, M. Michelsen, H. Will, S. Bougie, B. Suntz, R. Smallwood, G. TI Laser-induced incandescence: recent trends and current questions SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SOOT-VOLUME FRACTION; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PARTICLE-SIZE MEASUREMENTS; LAMINAR DIFFUSION FLAMES; DUTY DIESEL-ENGINE; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; LIGHT-SCATTERING; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; REFRACTIVE-INDEXES AB This paper provides an overview of a workshop focused on fundamental experimental and theoretical aspects of soot measurements by laser-induced incandescence (LII). This workshop was held in Duisburg, Germany in September 2005. The goal of the workshop was to review the current understanding of the technique and identify gaps in this understanding associated with experimental implementation, model descriptions, and signal interpretation. The results of this workshop suggest that uncertainties in the understanding of this technique are sufficient to lead to large variability among model predictions from different LII models, among measurements using different experimental approaches, and between modeled and measured signals, even under well-defined conditions. This article summarizes the content and conclusions of the workshop, discusses controversial topics and areas of disagreement identified during the workshop, and highlights recent important references related to these topics. It clearly demonstrates that despite the widespread application of LII for soot-concentration and particle-size measurements there is still a significant lack in fundamental understanding for many of the underlying physical processes. C1 Univ Duisburg Essen, IVG, Duisburg, Germany. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Bremen, Bremen, Germany. Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Mol & Mat, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Tech Chem & Polymerchem, Karlsruhe, Germany. Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Schulz, C (reprint author), Univ Duisburg Essen, IVG, Duisburg, Germany. EM christof.schulz@uni-due.de RI Schulz, Christof/A-5711-2010; Will, Stefan/A-8899-2017 OI Schulz, Christof/0000-0002-6879-4826; Will, Stefan/0000-0002-1226-0075 NR 142 TC 215 Z9 225 U1 7 U2 61 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 83 IS 3 BP 333 EP 354 DI 10.1007/s00340-006-2260-8 PG 22 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 042AR UT WOS:000237499900002 ER PT J AU Michelsen, HA AF Michelsen, H. A. TI Laser-induced incandescence of flame-generated soot on a picosecond time scale SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; LAMINAR DIFFUSION FLAMES; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; VOLUME FRACTION; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ETHYLENE FLAMES; PARTICLE; EMISSION AB This paper presents measurements of time-resolved laser-induced incandescence (LII) from soot recorded on a picosecond time scale. The 532-nm output from a picosecond Nd:YAG laser was used to heat the soot, and a streak camera was used to record the LII signal. The results are compared with data collected on a nanosecond time scale and with a time-dependent model that solves the energy- and mass-balance rate equations. Relative to the laser timing, the picosecond and nanosecond results are very similar. Signals increase during the laser pulse as soot temperatures increase and decrease after the laser pulse. The signal decay rates increase significantly with increasing laser fluence. The LII model gives good agreement with the nanosecond data at fluences <= 0.2 J/cm(2) and underpredicts the signal decay rates at higher fluences. The picosecond temporal profiles increase significantly faster and earlier in the laser pulse than predicted by the model. This disagreement between the model and picosecond LII data may be attributable to perturbations to the signal by laser-induced fluorescence from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or other large organic species. The excited state or states responsible for this fluorescence appear to be accessed via a two-photon transition and have an effective lifetime of 55 ps. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Michelsen, HA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, POB 969,MS 9055, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hamiche@ca.sandia.gov NR 56 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 83 IS 3 BP 443 EP 448 DI 10.1007/s00340-006-2226-x PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 042AR UT WOS:000237499900010 ER PT J AU Payne, DC Rose, CE Kerrison, J Aranas, A Duderstadt, S McNeil, MM AF Payne, DC Rose, CE Kerrison, J Aranas, A Duderstadt, S McNeil, MM TI Anthrax vaccination and risk of optic neuritis in the United States Military, 1998-2003 SO ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-B VACCINATION; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; IMMUNIZATION AB Background: Numerous case reports have suggested a possible association between optic neuritis and receipt of several different vaccines. The most frequently identified vaccines associated with optic neuritis in the literature are influenza and hepatitis B, and a report describing 2 US military cases suggests an association with the currently used anthrax vaccine ( anthrax vaccine adsorbed). Objective: To test the hypothesis that optic neuritis may be associated with anthrax, smallpox, hepatitis B, and influenza vaccines. Design: We conducted a matched case-control study among US military personnel from January 1, 1998, through December 31, 2003, using the Defense Medical Surveillance System. Statistical associations between vaccine exposures and optic neuritis within 6- ,12-, and 18-week study intervals were estimated through multivariable conditional logistic regression analyses. Subjects: A total of 1131 cases of optic neuritis and 3393 controls were matched by sex, military component, and deployment status. Results: No statistically significant associations between optic neuritis and anthrax vaccine were observed for any of the 3 study intervals: 6-week interval (odds ratio [OR], 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74-1.87), 12-week interval (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.63-0.35), and 18-week interval (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.58-1.14). Furthermore, no difference in optic neuritis risk was detected when comparing those who received no dose, 1 dose, and 2 doses of anthrax vaccine. Similarly, no statistically significant associations were observed between optic neuritis and smallpox, hepatitis B, or influenza vaccines within any of the study intervals. No vaccine to vaccine interactions were statistically significant. Conclusions: The results from this vaccine postmarketing surveillance investigation suggest that there is no association between optic neuritis and receipt of anthrax, smallpox, hepatitis B, or influenza vaccinations in the US military, whether these vaccines are administered alone or in combination. The negative findings presented here are important to the continuing discussions regarding the safety of these vaccines. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Wilmer Eye Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Retina Consultants Charleston, Charleston, SC USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Payne, DC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Mailstop E-61,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dvp6@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9942 J9 ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO JI Arch. Neurol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 63 IS 6 BP 871 EP 875 DI 10.1001/archneur.63.6.871 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 051YM UT WOS:000238197600012 PM 16769869 ER PT J AU Ehrenfreund, P Rasmussen, S Cleaves, J Chen, LH AF Ehrenfreund, P Rasmussen, S Cleaves, J Chen, LH TI Experimentally tracing the key steps in the origin of life: The aromatic world SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE origin of life; aromatic hydrocarbons; minimal life; young Earth ID POTENTIALLY PREBIOTIC CONDITIONS; INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES; INSOLUBLE ORGANIC-MATTER; INTERSTELLAR ICE ANALOGS; EARLY SOLAR SYSTEM; METAL-POOR STARS; AMINO-ACIDS; NUCLEIC-ACID; EARLY EARTH; HYDROGEN-CYANIDE AB Life is generally believed to emerge on Earth, to be at least functionally similar to life as we know it today, and to be much simpler than modern life. Although minimal life is notoriously difficult to define, a molecular system can be considered alive if it turns resources into building blocks, replicates, and evolves. Primitive life may have consisted of a compartmentalized genetic system coupled with an energy-harvesting mechanism. How prebiotic building blocks self-assemble and transform themselves into a minimal living system can be broken into two questions: (1) How can prebiotic building blocks form containers, metabolic networks, and informational polymers? (2) How can these three components cooperatively organize to form a protocell that satisfies the minimal requirements for a living system? The functional integration of these components is a difficult puzzle that requires cooperation among all the aspects of protocell assembly: starting material, reaction mechanisms, thermodynamics, and the integration of the inheritance, metabolism, and container functionalities. Protocells may have been self-assembled from components different from those used in modern biochemistry. We propose that assemblies based on aromatic hydrocarbons may have been the most abundant flexible and stable organic materials on the primitive Earth and discuss their possible integration into a minimal life form. In this paper we attempt to combine current knowledge of the composition of prebiotic organic material of extraterrestrial and terrestrial origin, and put these in the context of possible prebiotic scenarios. We also describe laboratory experiments that might help clarify the transition from nonliving to living matter using aromatic material. This paper presents an interdisciplinary approach to interface state of the art knowledge in astrochemistry, prebiotic chemistry, and artificial life research. C1 Leiden Inst Chem, Astrobiol Lab, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. Univ Copenhagen, IMBG, Copenhagen, Denmark. Scripps Inst Oceanog, Geosci Res Div, La Jolla, CA USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ehrenfreund, P (reprint author), Leiden Inst Chem, Astrobiol Lab, POB 9502, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. EM p.ehrenfreund@chem.leidenuniv.nl NR 233 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 4 U2 46 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD JUN PY 2006 VL 6 IS 3 BP 490 EP 520 DI 10.1089/ast.2006.6.490 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 059EK UT WOS:000238715900010 PM 16805704 ER PT J AU Richards, GT Strauss, MA Fan, XH Hall, PB Jester, S Schneider, DP Vanden Berk, DE Stoughton, C Anderson, SF Brunner, RJ Gray, J Gunn, JE Iveszic, Z Kirkland, MK Knapp, GR Loveday, J Meiksin, A Pope, A Szalay, AS Thakar, AR Yanny, B York, DG Barentine, JC Brewington, HJ Brinkmann, J Fukugita, M Harvanek, M Kent, SM Kleinman, SJ Krzesinski, J Long, DC Lupton, RH Nash, T Neilsen, EH Long, DC Lupton, RH Nash, T Neilsen, EH Nitta, A Schlegel, DJ Snedden, SA AF Richards, Gordon T. Strauss, Michael A. Fan, Xiaohui Hall, Patrick B. Jester, Sebastian Schneider, Donald P. Vanden Berk, Daniel E. Stoughton, Chris Anderson, Scott F. Brunner, Robert J. Gray, Jim Gunn, James E. Iveszic, Zeljko Kirkland, Margaret K. Knapp, G. R. Loveday, Jon Meiksin, Avery Pope, Adrian Szalay, Alexander S. Thakar, Anirudda R. Yanny, Brian York, Donald G. Barentine, J. C. Brewington, Howard J. Brinkmann, J. Fukugita, Masataka Harvanek, Michael Kent, Stephen M. Kleinman, S. J. Krzesinski, Jurek Long, Daniel C. Lupton, Robert H. Nash, Thomas Neilsen, Eric H., Jr. Long, Daniel C. Lupton, Robert H. Nash, Thomas Neilsen, Eric H., Jr. Nitta, Atsuko Schlegel, David J. Snedden, Stephanie A. TI The Sloan Digital Sky Survey quasar survey: Quasar luminosity function from data release 3 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : active; galaxies : luminosity function; mass function; quasars : general; surveys ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; SURVEY PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM; SDSS IMAGING PIPELINES; HIGH-REDSHIFT QUASARS; 1ST DATA RELEASE; SOFT-X-RAY; STELLAR OBJECTS; Z-GREATER-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-4.0 QUASARS; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS AB We determine the number counts and z=0-5 luminosity function for a well-defined, homogeneous sample of quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We conservatively define the most uniform statistical sample possible, consisting of 15,343 quasars within an effective area of 1622 deg(2) that was derived from a parent sample of 46,420 spectroscopically confirmed broad-line quasars in the 5282 deg(2) of imaging data from SDSS Data Release 3. The sample extends from 15 to 19.1 at z less than or similar to 3 and to 20.2 for z greater than or similar to 3. The number counts and luminosity function agree well with the results of the Two Degree Field QSO Redshift Survey (2QZ) at redshifts and luminosities at which the SDSS and 2QZ quasar samples overlap, but the SDSS data probe to much higher redshifts than does the 2QZ sample. The number density of luminous quasars peaks between redshifts 2 and 3, although uncertainties in the selection function in this range do not allow us to determine the peak redshift more precisely. Our best-fit model has a flatter bright-end slope at high redshift than at low redshift. For z < 2.4 the data are best fit by a redshift-independent slope of beta = -3.1 [Phi(L)alpha L(beta)]. Above z=2.4 the slope flattens with redshift to beta greater than or similar to -2.37 at z=5. This slope change, which is significant at the greater than or similar to 5 sigma level, must be accounted for in models of the evolution of accretion onto supermassive black holes. C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Microsoft Res, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Akad Pedagogicazna Krakowie, Obserwatorium Astron Suhorze, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Richards, GT (reprint author), Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. OI Meiksin, Avery/0000-0002-5451-9057 NR 113 TC 463 Z9 464 U1 2 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 131 IS 6 BP 2766 EP 2787 DI 10.1086/503559 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 051QT UT WOS:000238176400003 ER PT J AU Laag, EA Canalizo, G Van Breugel, W Gates, EL De Vries, W Stanford, SA AF Laag, EA Canalizo, G Van Breugel, W Gates, EL De Vries, W Stanford, SA TI Adaptive optics imaging survey of luminous infrared galaxies SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : fundamental parameters; galaxies : interactions; infrared : galaxies; instrumentation : adaptive optics ID SAMPLE; MERGERS; IMAGES; SYSTEM; PERFORMANCE; TELESCOPE; EVOLUTION; REDSHIFT AB We present high-resolution imaging observations of a sample of previously unidentified far-infrared galaxies at z < 0.3. The objects were selected by cross-correlating the IRAS Faint Source Catalog with the VLA Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty cm catalog and the Hubble Space Telescope Guide Star Catalog to allow for adaptive optics observations. We found two new ultraluminous infrared galaxies (with L-FIR >= 10(12) L-circle dot) and 19 new luminous infrared galaxies (with L-FIR >= 1011 L-circle dot). Twenty of the galaxies in the sample were imaged with either the Lick or Keck adaptive optics systems in H or K'. Galaxy morphologies were determined using the two-dimensional fitting program GALFIT and the residuals examined to look for interesting structure. The morphologies reveal that at least 30% are involved in tidal interactions, with 20% being clear mergers. An additional 50% show signs of possible interaction. Line ratios were used to determine the powering mechanism; of the 17 objects in the sample showing clear emission lines, four are active galactic nuclei and seven are starburst galaxies. The rest exhibit a combination of both phenomena. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif, Dept Phys, Merced, CA 95344 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, Mt Hamilton, CA 95140 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Laag, EA (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 131 IS 6 BP 2877 EP 2887 DI 10.1086/504112 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 051QT UT WOS:000238176400009 ER PT J AU McGehee, PM AF McGehee, Peregrine M. TI The southern flanking fields of the 25 Orionis group SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE open clusters and associations : individual ( 25 Orionis); stars : formation; stars : late-type; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; stars : pre-main-sequence ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; T-TAURI STARS; DATA RELEASE; MOLECULAR CLOUD; SYSTEM; VARIABILITY; POPULATION; EXTINCTION; CLUSTER AB The stellar group surrounding the Be (B1 Vpe) star 25 Ori was discovered to be a pre-main-sequence (PMS) population by the CIDA Variability Survey of Orion and subsequent spectroscopy. We analyze Sloan Digital Sky Survey multiepoch photometry to map the southern extent of the 25 Ori group and characterize its PMS population. We compare this group to the neighboring Orion OB1a and OB1b subassociations and to active star formation sites (NGC 2068/NGC 2071) within the LDN 1630 dark cloud. We find that the 25 Ori group has a radius of 1.degrees 4, corresponding to 8-11 pc at the distances of Orion OB1a and OB1b. Given that the characteristic sizes of young open clusters are a few parsecs or less, this suggests that 25 Ori is an unbound association rather than an open cluster. Due to its PMS population having a low classical T Tauri star fraction (similar to 10%), we conclude that the 25 Ori group is of comparable age to the 11 Myr Orion OB1a subassociation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE IC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McGehee, PM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE IC, MS H820, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM peregrine@lanl.gov NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 131 IS 6 BP 2959 EP 2966 DI 10.1086/504156 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 051QT UT WOS:000238176400016 ER PT J AU Moretti, A De Luca, A Malesani, D Campana, S Tiengo, A Cucchiara, A Reeves, JN Chincarini, G Pagani, C Romano, P Tagliaferri, G Banat, P Capalbi, M Perri, M Cusumano, G Mangano, V Mineo, T La Parola, V Beardmore, A Goad, M Osborne, JP Hill, JE Angelini, L Burrows, DN Kobayashi, S Meszaros, P Zhang, B Barthelmy, SD Barbier, L White, NE Fenimore, EE Cominsky, LR Gehrels, N AF Moretti, A De Luca, A Malesani, D Campana, S Tiengo, A Cucchiara, A Reeves, JN Chincarini, G Pagani, C Romano, P Tagliaferri, G Banat, P Capalbi, M Perri, M Cusumano, G Mangano, V Mineo, T La Parola, V Beardmore, A Goad, M Osborne, JP Hill, JE Angelini, L Burrows, DN Kobayashi, S Meszaros, P Zhang, B Barthelmy, SD Barbier, L White, NE Fenimore, EE Cominsky, LR Gehrels, N TI Swift and XMM-Newton observations of the dark GRB 050326 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; gamma rays : observations; X-rays : bursts ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; PHOTON IMAGING CAMERA; LIGHT CURVES; AFTERGLOW EMISSION; STAR-FORMATION; SUPERNOVA; REDSHIFT; DUST; ABSORPTION; TELESCOPE AB We present Swift and XMM-Newton observations of the bright gamma-ray burst GRB 050326, detected by the Swift Burst Alert Telescope. The Swift X-Ray Telescope (XRT) and XMM-Newton discovered the X- ray afterglow beginning 54 min and 8.5 h after the burst, respectively. The prompt GRB 050326 fluence was (7.7 +/- 0.9) x 10(-6) erg cm(-2) (20-150 keV), and its spectrum was hard, with a power law photon index Gamma = 1.25 +/- 0.03. The X-ray afterglow was quite bright, with a flux of 7 x 10(-11) erg cm(-2) s(-1) (0.3-8 keV), 1 h after the burst. Its light curve did not show any break nor flares between similar to 1 h and similar to 6 d after the burst, and decayed with a slope alpha = 1.70 +/- 0.05. The afterglow spectrum is well fitted by a power-law model, suffering absorption both in the Milky Way and in the host galaxy. The rest-frame hydrogen column density is significant, N-H,N-z > 4 x 10(21) cm(-2), and the redshift of the absorber was constrained to be z > 1.5. There was good agreement between the spatial, temporal, and spectral parameters as derived by Swift-XRT and XMM-Newton. By comparing the prompt and afterglow fluxes, we found that an early break probably occurred before the beginning of the XRT observation, similarly to many other cases observed by Swift. However, the properties of the GRB 050326 afterglow are well described by a spherical fireball expanding in a uniform external medium, so a further steepening is expected at later times. The lack of such a break allowed us to constrain the jet half-opening angle theta(j) greater than or similar to 7 degrees. Using the redshift constraints provided by the X- ray analysis, we also estimated that the beaming-corrected gamma-ray energy was larger than 3 x 10(51) erg, at the high end of GRB energies. Despite the brightness in X rays, only deep limits could be placed by Swift-UVOT at optical and ultraviolet wavelengths. Thus, this GRB was a "truly dark" event, with the optical-to-X-ray spectrum violating the synchrotron limit. The optical and X- ray observations are therefore consistent either with an absorbed event or with a high-redshift one. To obey the Ghirlanda relation, a moderate/large redshift z greater than or similar to 4.5 is required. C1 Osserv Astron Brera, INAF, I-23807 Merate, LC, Italy. Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm Milano, INAF, I-20133 Milan, Italy. ISAS, SISSA, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Fis, I-20126 Milan, Italy. ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy. Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm Palermo, INAF, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Xray Observat Astron Grp, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sonoma State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. RP Moretti, A (reprint author), Osserv Astron Brera, INAF, Via E Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate, LC, Italy. EM moretti@merate.mi.astro.it RI White, Nicholas/B-6428-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; OI De Luca, Andrea/0000-0001-6739-687X; Tagliaferri, Gianpiero/0000-0003-0121-0723; White, Nicholas/0000-0003-3853-3462; Mineo, Teresa/0000-0002-4931-8445; Tiengo, Andrea/0000-0002-6038-1090; Cusumano, Giancarlo/0000-0002-8151-1990; moretti, alberto/0000-0002-9770-0315; Perri, Matteo/0000-0003-3613-4409; La Parola, Valentina/0000-0002-8087-6488 NR 79 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 451 IS 3 BP 777 EP 787 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20053913 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 039TC UT WOS:000237329000013 ER PT J AU Abdurashitov, JN Bowles, TJ Cattadori, C Cleveland, BT Elliott, SR Ferrari, N Gavrin, VN Girin, SV Gorbachev, VV Gurkina, PP Hampel, W Ibragimova, TV Kaether, F Kalikhov, AV Khairnasov, NG Knodel, TV Mirmov, IN Pandola, L Richter, H Shikhin, AA Teasdale, WA Veretenkin, EP Vermul, VM Wilkerson, JF Yants, VE Zatsepin, GT AF Abdurashitov, JN Bowles, TJ Cattadori, C Cleveland, BT Elliott, SR Ferrari, N Gavrin, VN Girin, SV Gorbachev, VV Gurkina, PP Hampel, W Ibragimova, TV Kaether, F Kalikhov, AV Khairnasov, NG Knodel, TV Mirmov, IN Pandola, L Richter, H Shikhin, AA Teasdale, WA Veretenkin, EP Vermul, VM Wilkerson, JF Yants, VE Zatsepin, GT TI The BNO-LNGS joint measurement of the solar neutrino capture rate in Ga-71 SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE solar neutrino; GNO; SAGE ID GALLIUM AB We describe a cooperative measurement of the capture rate of solar neutrinos by the reaction Ga-71(v(e), e(-))Ge-71. Extractions were made from a portion of the gallium target in the Russian-American Gallium Experiment SAGE and the extraction samples were transported to the Gran Sasso laboratory for synthesis and counting at the Gallium Neutrino Observatory (GNO). Six extractions of this type were made and the resultant solar neutrino capture rate was 64(-22)(+24) SNU which agrees well with the overall result of the gallium experiments. The major purpose of this experiment was to make it possible for SAGE to continue their regular schedule of monthly solar neutrino extractions without interruption while a separate experiment was underway to measure the response of Ga-71 to neutrinos from an Ar-37 source. As side benefits, this experiment proved the feasibility of long-distance sample transport in ultralow background radiochemical experiments and familiarized each group with the methods and techniques of the other. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 117312, Russia. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Gran Sasso, I-67010 Laquila, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Fis, I-20126 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, I-20126 Milan, Italy. RP Cleveland, BT (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM bclevela@surf.sno.laurentian.ca RI Abdurashitov, Dzhonrid/B-2206-2014; Yants, Viktor/C-1038-2014; OI Abdurashitov, Dzhonrid/0000-0002-1577-1364; cattadori, carla maria/0000-0001-7885-6253; Wilkerson, John/0000-0002-0342-0217 NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 25 IS 5 BP 349 EP 354 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2006.03.008 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 055QZ UT WOS:000238466700006 ER PT J AU Surman, R McLaughlin, GC Hix, WR AF Surman, R. McLaughlin, G. C. Hix, W. R. TI Nucleosynthesis in the outflow from gamma-ray burst accretion disks SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; gamma rays : bursts; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances ID HIGH-RESOLUTION CALCULATIONS; R-PROCESS NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; MERGING NEUTRON-STARS; EXTREMELY METAL-POOR; BLACK-HOLES; EARLY GALAXY; GRB-050709; CAPTURE; NUCLEI AB We examine the nucleosynthesis products that are produced in the outflow from rapidly accreting disks. We find that the type of element synthesis varies dramatically with the degree of neutrino trapping in the disk and therefore the accretion rate of the disk. Disks with relatively high accretion rates such as. (M)over dot = 10 M-circle dot s(-1) can produce very neutron-rich nuclei that are found in the r-process. Disks with more moderate accretion rates can produce copious amounts of nickel, as well as the light elements such as lithium and boron. Disks with lower accretion rates such as. (M)over dot = 1 M-circle dot s(-1) produce large amounts of nickel, as well as some unusual nuclei such as Ti-49, Sc-45, Zn-64, and Mo-92. This wide array of potential nucleosynthesis products is due to the varying influence of electron neutrinos and antineutrinos emitted from the disk on the neutron-to-proton ratio in the outflow. We use a parameterization for the outflow and discuss our results in terms of entropy and outflow acceleration. C1 Union Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Surman, R (reprint author), Union Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. RI Hix, William/E-7896-2011 OI Hix, William/0000-0002-9481-9126 NR 50 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 643 IS 2 BP 1057 EP 1064 DI 10.1086/501116 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 053XF UT WOS:000238338700038 ER PT J AU Zucker, DB Belokurov, V Evans, NW Wilkinson, MI Irwin, MJ Sivarani, T Hodgkin, S Bramich, DM Irwin, JM Gilmore, G Willman, B Vidrih, S Fellhauer, M Hewett, PC Beers, TC Bell, EF Grebel, EK Schneider, DP Newberg, HJ Wyse, RFG Rockosi, CM Yanny, B Lupton, R Smith, JA Barentine, JC Brewington, H Brinkmann, J Harvanek, M Kleinman, SJ Krzesinski, J Long, D Nitta, A Snedden, SA AF Zucker, DB Belokurov, V Evans, NW Wilkinson, MI Irwin, MJ Sivarani, T Hodgkin, S Bramich, DM Irwin, JM Gilmore, G Willman, B Vidrih, S Fellhauer, M Hewett, PC Beers, TC Bell, EF Grebel, EK Schneider, DP Newberg, HJ Wyse, RFG Rockosi, CM Yanny, B Lupton, R Smith, JA Barentine, JC Brewington, H Brinkmann, J Harvanek, M Kleinman, SJ Krzesinski, J Long, D Nitta, A Snedden, SA TI A new Milky Way dwarf satellite in Canes Venatici SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : dwarf; galaxies : individual (Canes Venatici); Local Group ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SPHEROIDAL GALAXIES; CARBON STARS; DATA RELEASE; URSA-MAJOR; SYSTEM; SAGITTARIUS; HALO AB In this Letter, we announce the discovery of a new dwarf satellite of the Milky Way, located in the constellation Canes Venatici. It was found as a stellar overdensity in the north Galactic cap using Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 5 (SDSS DR5). The satellite's color-magnitude diagram shows a well-defined red giant branch as well as a horizontal branch. As judged from the tip of the red giant branch, it lies at a distance of similar to 220 kpc. Based on the SDSS data, we estimate an absolute magnitude of M-V similar to -7.9 a central surface brightness of mu(0,V) similar to 28 mag arcsec(-2), and a half-light radius of similar to 8.'5 (similar to 550 pc at the measured distance). The outer regions of Canes Venatici appear extended and distorted. The discovery of such a faint galaxy in proximity to the Milky Way strongly suggests that more such objects remain to be found. C1 Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Study Cosm Evolut, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Joint Inst Nucl Astrophys, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Basel, Astron Inst, Dept Phys & Astron, CH-4102 Binningen, Switzerland. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Cracow Pedag Univ, Mt Suhora Observ, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. RP Zucker, DB (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. EM zucker@ast.cam.ac.uk; vasily@ast.cam.ac.uk; nwe@ast.cam.ac.uk OI /0000-0002-1891-3794; Bell, Eric/0000-0002-5564-9873 NR 37 TC 249 Z9 249 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 643 IS 2 BP L103 EP L106 DI 10.1086/505216 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 053XI UT WOS:000238339000008 ER PT J AU Nakamura, F McKee, CF Klein, RI Fisher, RT AF Nakamura, F McKee, CF Klein, RI Fisher, RT TI On the hydrodynamic interaction of shock waves with interstellar clouds. II. The effect of smooth cloud boundaries on cloud destruction and cloud turbulence SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; ISM : clouds; shock waves; supernova remnants; turbulence ID ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT; STAR-FORMATION; SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; GAS CLOUDS; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; CYGNUS LOOP; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; COMETARY KNOTS; HELIX NEBULA; CASSIOPEIA-A AB The effect of smooth cloud boundaries on the interaction of steady planar shock waves with interstellar clouds is studied using a local adaptive mesh refinement technique with an axisymmetric Godunov hydrodynamic scheme. A three-dimensional calculation is also done to confirm the two-dimensional results. We find that smooth cloud boundaries significantly affect cloud morphology and retard cloud destruction. After shock passage, a sharp density jump forms due to velocity gradients generated in the smooth cloud boundary. We refer to this density jump as a "slip surface" because the velocity is sheared parallel to its surface. The formation of a slip surface leads to complete cloud destruction because of the Kelvin-Helmholtz and Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities. We construct analytic models of cloud drag and vorticity generation that compare well with the numerical results. Small shreds formed by the instabilities have significant velocity dispersions of 10%-20% of the ambient shock velocity. They could be related to the small cold H (I) clouds recently observed by Stanimirovic & Heiles. The dependence of the velocity dispersion on region size, the so-called line width-size relation, is found to be time-dependent. In the early stages, the line width-size relation is more or less flat because of the significant small-scale fluctuations generated by the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. In the later stages, the small-scale fluctuations tend to damp, leading to a line width that increases with size. The possibility of gravitational instability triggered by shock compression is discussed. We show that gravitational collapse can be induced in an initially uniform cloud by a radiative shock (gamma < 4/3) only if it is not too strong and nonthermal motions are weak. C1 Niigata Univ, Fac Educ & Human Sci, Niigata 9502181, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astrophys Thermonucl Flashes, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Nakamura, F (reprint author), Niigata Univ, Fac Educ & Human Sci, 8050 Ikarashi 2, Niigata 9502181, Japan. RI Fisher, Robert/J-8667-2014 OI Fisher, Robert/0000-0001-8077-7255 NR 74 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 164 IS 2 BP 477 EP 505 DI 10.1086/501530 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 053NT UT WOS:000238312500005 ER PT J AU Parolini, C Caligari, S Gilio, D Montagnani, M Rubin, EM Sirtori, CR Chiesa, G AF Parolini, C. Caligari, S. Gilio, D. Montagnani, M. Rubin, E. M. Sirtori, C. R. Chiesa, G. TI Effect of high cholesterol diet on cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in A-I-M and A-I transgenic mice SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Meeting of the International-Society-of-Atherosclerosis CY JUN 18-22, 2006 CL Rome, ITALY SP Int Soc Atheroscleros C1 Univ Milan, Dept Pharmacol Sci, I-20122 Milan, Italy. Univ Bologna, Dept Internal Med & Gastroenterol, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Lbnl, Genome Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA USA. RI Sirtori, Cesare/F-4658-2012; Chiesa, Giulia/G-8987-2012; Parolini, Cinzia/G-8984-2012 OI Chiesa, Giulia/0000-0001-5553-1210; Parolini, Cinzia/0000-0002-5699-0918 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 7 IS 3 BP 167 EP 167 DI 10.1016/S1567-5688(06)80654-9 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 064MN UT WOS:000239093901064 ER PT J AU Rayner, B Harris, H Carter, E Vogt, S Cai, Z Lai, B Chin, C Lee, Y Lay, P Witting, P AF Rayner, B. Harris, H. Carter, E. Vogt, S. Cai, Z. Lai, B. Chin, C. Lee, Y. Lay, P. Witting, P. TI The use of synchrotron radiation to measure ion flux and cellular protein and lipid changes within cardiac ischemia reperfusion injury SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Meeting of the International-Society-of-Atherosclerosis CY JUN 18-22, 2006 CL Rome, ITALY SP Int Soc Atheroscleros C1 Anzac Res Inst, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Univ Sydney, Vibrat Spect Facil, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Natl Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Hsinchu, Taiwan. RI Harris, Hugh/A-4983-2008 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 7 IS 3 MA ThP17425 BP 587 EP 587 DI 10.1016/S1567-5688(06)82383-4 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 064MN UT WOS:000239093903604 ER PT J AU Xie, YL Berkowitz, CM AF Xie, Yulong Berkowitz, Carl M. TI The use of positive matrix factorization with conditional probability functions in air quality studies: An application to hydrocarbon emissions in Houston, Texas SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE receptor modeling; VOC; positive matrix factorization (PMF); conditional probability function (CPF); Houston; air quality ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; OZONE FORMATION; MASS-BALANCE; HONG-KONG; LAND-USE; AMBIENT; ISOPRENE AB In this paper, we describe two advanced statistical techniques suited to address the following questions: which source categories of emissions affect given areas and where do these source categories come from? A source category is defined as a combination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with a specific industrial process. A discussion of the positive matrix factorization (PMF) multivariate receptor model is presented, and this PMF technique applied to hourly average concentrations of VOCs measured at five Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS) located near the emission-rich Houston Ship Channel region in Texas. The observations were made between June and October 2003, and the PMF analysis was limited to nighttime measurements (21:00-06:00 CDT) to remove the complexity of photochemical processing and associated changes in the concentrations of primary and secondary VOCs. Six to eight VOCs source categories were identified for the five Ship Channel sites. Specific geographic areas associated with each source category were identified through the use of conditional probability functions that identify source regions when superimposed on maps of VOC emissions. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Berkowitz, CM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM carl.berkowitz@pnl.gov RI Xie, Yulong/O-9322-2016 OI Xie, Yulong/0000-0001-5579-482X NR 58 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 40 IS 17 BP 3070 EP 3091 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.12.065 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 047UR UT WOS:000237904700006 ER PT J AU Pagowski, M Grell, GA Devenyi, D Peckham, SE McKeen, SA Gong, W Delle Monache, L McHenry, JN McQueen, J Lee, P AF Pagowski, M Grell, GA Devenyi, D Peckham, SE McKeen, SA Gong, W Delle Monache, L McHenry, JN McQueen, J Lee, P TI Application of dynamic linear regression to improve the skill of ensemble-based deterministic ozone forecasts SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE photochemical air quality; modeling; ozone; ensemble forecast ID MULTISCALE GEM MODEL; PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; AEROSOL; SUPERENSEMBLE; WEATHER; CLIMATE; NITRATE; EUROPE; SYSTEM AB Forecasts from seven air quality models and surface ozone data collected over the eastern USA and southern Canada during July and August 2004 provide a unique opportunity to assess benefits of ensemble-based ozone forecasting and devise methods to improve ozone forecasts. In this investigation, past forecasts from the ensemble of models and hourly surface ozone measurements at over 350 sites are used to issue deterministic 24-h forecasts using a method based on dynamic linear regression. Forecasts of hourly ozone concentrations as well as maximum daily 8-h and 1-h averaged concentrations are considered. It is shown that the forecasts issued with the application of this method have reduced bias and root mean square error and better overall performance scores than any of the ensemble members and the ensemble average. Performance of the method is similar to another method based on linear regression described previously by Pagowski et al., but unlike the latter, the current method does not require measurements from multiple monitors since it operates on individual time series. Improvement in the forecasts can be easily implemented and requires minimal computational cost. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Global Syst Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Meteorol Serv Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. N Carolina State Univ, Baron Adv Meteorol Syst, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NOAA, NCEP, NWS, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Pagowski, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Global Syst Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, CIRES, R-GSD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Mariusz.Pagowski@noaa.gov RI pagowski, mariusz/H-4498-2013; McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; grell, georg/B-6234-2015; Lee, Pius/D-5201-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI pagowski, mariusz/0000-0002-7703-0529; grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742; NR 42 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 40 IS 18 BP 3240 EP 3250 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.02.006 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 047EW UT WOS:000237863600003 ER PT J AU Sreedharan, P Sohn, MD Gadgil, AJ Nazaroff, WW AF Sreedharan, P Sohn, MD Gadgil, AJ Nazaroff, WW TI Systems approach to evaluating sensor characteristics for real-time monitoring of high-risk indoor contaminant releases SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE sensor system; chemical sensor; inverse modeling; Bayes Monte Carlo; buildings ID MONTE-CARLO METHODS; UNCERTAINTY; BUILDINGS; MODEL AB Rapid detection of toxic agents in the indoor environment is essential for protecting building occupants from accidental or intentional releases. While there is much research dedicated to designing sensors to detect airborne toxic contaminants, little research has addressed how to incorporate such sensors into a monitoring system designed to protect building occupants. To design sensor systems, one must quantify design tradeoffs, such as response time and accuracy, and select values to optimize the performance of an overall system. We illustrate the importance of a systems approach for properly evaluating such tradeoffs, using data from tracer gas experiments conducted in a three-floor building at the Dugway Proving Grounds, Utah. We explore how well a Bayesian interpretation approach can characterize an indoor release using threshold sensor data. We use this approach to assess the effects of various sensor characteristics, such as response time, threshold level, and accuracy, on overall system performance. The system performance is evaluated in terms of the time needed to characterize the release (location, amount released, and duration). We demonstrate that a systems perspective enables selecting sensor characteristics that optimize the system as a whole. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sreedharan, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mailstop 90R3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM psreedharan@lbl.gov RI Nazaroff, William/C-4106-2008; OI Nazaroff, William/0000-0001-5645-3357; Gadgil, Ashok/0000-0002-0357-9455 NR 17 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 40 IS 19 BP 3490 EP 3502 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.01.052 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 056EP UT WOS:000238504400007 ER PT J AU Mermut, O York, RL Phillips, DC McCrea, KR Ward, RS Somorjai, GA AF Mermut, Ozzy York, Roger L. Phillips, Diana C. McCrea, Keith R. Ward, Robert S. Somorjai, Gabor A. TI Directions in peptide interfacial science SO BIOINTERPHASES LA English DT Article C1 [Mermut, Ozzy; York, Roger L.; Phillips, Diana C.; Somorjai, Gabor A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mermut, Ozzy; York, Roger L.; Phillips, Diana C.; Somorjai, Gabor A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [McCrea, Keith R.; Ward, Robert S.] Polymer Technol Grp, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. RP Mermut, O (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM somorjai@socrates.berkeley.edu RI York, Roger/C-6547-2008 OI York, Roger/0000-0002-5105-6800 NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AVS PI RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK PA EDITORIAL OFFICE, 100 PARK DR, STE 105, CALLER BOX 13994, RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC 27709 USA SN 1559-4106 J9 BIOINTERPHASES JI Biointerphases PD JUN PY 2006 VL 1 IS 2 BP P5 EP P11 DI 10.1116/1.2194033 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Biophysics; Materials Science GA V44MZ UT WOS:000203008100001 PM 20408618 ER PT J AU Turn, SQ Jenkins, BM Jakeway, LA Blevins, LG Williams, RB Rubenstein, G Kinoshita, CM AF Turn, SQ Jenkins, BM Jakeway, LA Blevins, LG Williams, RB Rubenstein, G Kinoshita, CM TI Test results from sugar cane bagasse and high fiber cane co-fired with fossil fuels SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE biomass; cofiring; ash deposition; fouling; alkali; bagasse; fiber cane; boiler efficiency ID BIOMASS; COMBUSTION; REMOVAL; COAL AB Cofiring tests were conducted in a boiler at the Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar factory at Putmene, Hawaii. Three tests were conducted; a baseline test firing coal and fuel oil (Test 1) and two cofiring tests utilizing coal, fuel oil, and biomass. In the latter two tests, bagasse (Test 2) and a blend of bagasse and fiber cane (Test 3) were used as the biomass fuel. Biomass accounted for 62% and 50% of the total energy inputs for Tests 2 and 3, respectively. All three tests were conducted in a spreader stoker-type boiler operating at a steam flow rate of 46.5 tonne h(-1) at 63.2 bar and 400 degrees C. Fuel properties, boiler efficiency, solids removed in the pollution control devices, and stack emissions of criteria pollutants were monitored during the test campaign and results are reported herein. In addition, a laser induced breakdown spectroscopy probe and a deposition probe were installed near the superheaters to characterize fire-side ash behavior under each of the test conditions. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Nat Energy Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Hawaiian Commercial & Surg Co, Puunene, HI 96784 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sierra Res, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Turn, SQ (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Nat Energy Inst, 1680 East West Rd,POST 109, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM sturn@hawaii.edu NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 30 IS 6 BP 565 EP 574 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2005.12.008 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 050VC UT WOS:000238116000008 ER PT J AU Shankaran, H Wiley, HS Resat, H AF Shankaran, H Wiley, HS Resat, H TI Modeling the effects of HER/ErbB1-3 coexpression on receptor dimerization and biological response SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EPIDERMAL-GROWTH-FACTOR; NEU DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR; ERBB SIGNALING NETWORK; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; TYROSINE KINASES; INTRACELLULAR TRAFFICKING; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; EGF RECEPTOR; ACTIVATION; TRANSDUCTION AB The human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER/ErbB) system comprises the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/HER1) and three other homologs, namely HERs 2-4. This receptor system plays a critical role in cell proliferation and differentiation and receptor overexpression has been associated with poor prognosis in cancers of the epithelium. Here, we examine the effect of coexpressing varying levels of HERs 1-3 on the receptor dimerization patterns using a detailed kinetic model for HER/ErbB dimerization and trafficking. Our results indicate that coexpression of EGFR with HER2 or HER3 biases signaling to the cell surface and retards signal downregulation. In addition, simultaneous coexpression of HERs 1-3 leads to an abundance of HER2-HER3 heterodimers, which are known to be potent inducers of cell growth and transformation. Our new approach to use parameter dependence analysis in experimental design reveals that measurements of HER3 phosphorylation and HER2 internalization ratio may prove to be especially useful for the estimation of critical model parameters. Further, we examine the effect of receptor dimerization patterns on biological response using a simple phenomenological model. Results indicate that coexpression of EGFR with HER2 and HER3 at low to moderate levels may enable cells to match the response of a high HER2 expresser. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Resat, H (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM haluk.resat@pnl.gov OI Wiley, Steven/0000-0003-0232-6867 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1R01 GM 072821-01, R01 GM072821, R01 GM072821-01] NR 60 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 90 IS 11 BP 3993 EP 4009 DI 10.1529/biophysj.105.080580 PG 17 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 041UK UT WOS:000237481500020 PM 16533841 ER PT J AU Holland, GP McIntyre, SK Alam, TM AF Holland, Gregory P. McIntyre, Sarah K. Alam, Todd M. TI Distinguishing individual lipid headgroup mobility and phase transitions in raft-forming lipid mixtures with P-31 MAS NMR SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SOLID-STATE NMR; CYTOCHROME-C INTERACTIONS; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SPHINGOMYELIN BILAYERS; LATERAL DIFFUSION; MAGIC-ANGLE; DIPALMITOYLPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE BILAYERS; PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE BILAYERS; THERMOTROPIC BEHAVIOR AB A model membrane system composed of egg sphingomyelin (SM), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), and cholesterol was studied with static and magic angle spinning P-31 NMR spectroscopy. This model membrane system is of significant biological relevance since it is known to form lipid rafts. P-31 NMR under magic angle spinning conditions resolves the SM and DOPC headgroup resonances allowing for extraction of the P-31 NMR parameters for the individual lipid components. The isotropic chemical shift, chemical shift anisotropy, and asymmetry parameter can be extracted from the spinning side band manifold of the individual components that form liquid-ordered and liquid-disordered domains. The magnitude of the P-31 chemical shift anisotropy and the line width is used to determine headgroup mobility and monitor the gel-to-gel and gel-to-liquid crystalline phase transitions of SM as a function of temperature in these mixtures. Spin-spin relaxation measurements are in agreement with the line width results, reflecting mobility differences and some heterogeneities. It will be shown that the presence of DOPC and/or cholesterol greatly impacts the headgroup mobility of SM both above and below the liquid crystalline phase transition temperature, whereas DOPC displays only minor variations in these lipid mixtures. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Elect & Nanostruct Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Alam, TM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Elect & Nanostruct Mat, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tmalam@sandia.gov NR 79 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 17 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 90 IS 11 BP 4248 EP 4260 DI 10.1529/biophysj.105.077289 PG 13 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 041UK UT WOS:000237481500043 PM 16533851 ER PT J AU Eide, JL Chakraborty, AK Oster, GF AF Eide, Jonathan L. Chakraborty, Arup K. Oster, George F. TI Simple models for extracting mechanical work from the ATP hydrolysis cycle SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ENERGY TRANSDUCTION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; F-1-ATPASE; SYNTHASE; SUBUNIT; MOTOR; EFFICIENCY; F1-ATPASE; RESIDUES; ROTATION AB According to the binding-zipper model, the RecA class of ATPase motors converts chemical energy into mechanical force by the progressive annealing of hydrogen bonds between the nucleotide and the catalytic pocket. The role of hydrolysis is to weaken the binding of products, allowing them to be released so that the cycle can repeat. Molecular dynamics can be used to study the unbinding process, but the binding process is more complex, so that inferences about it are made indirectly from structural, mutation, and biochemical studies. Here we present a series of models of varying complexity that illustrate the basic processes involved in force production during ATP binding. These models reveal the role of solvent and geometry in determining the amount of mechanical work that can be extracted from the binding process. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Oster, GF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM goster@nature.berkeley.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM59875-02, R01 GM059875] NR 37 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 90 IS 12 BP 4281 EP 4294 DI 10.1529/biophysj.105.073320 PG 14 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 048EX UT WOS:000237931500002 PM 16581833 ER PT J AU Blanchette, CD Lin, WC Ratto, TV Longo, ML AF Blanchette, CD Lin, WC Ratto, TV Longo, ML TI Galactosylceramide domain microstructure: Impact of cholesterol and nucleation/growth conditions SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; FLUORESCENCE CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN GP120; SUPPORTED LIPID-BILAYERS; BIOLOGICAL-MEMBRANES; PHASE-SEPARATION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; UNILAMELLAR VESICLES; PLASMA-MEMBRANES AB Galactosylceramide ( GalCer), a glycosphingolipid, is believed to exist in the extracellular lea. et of cell membranes in nanometer-sized domains or rafts. The local clustering of GalCer within rafts is thought to facilitate the initial adhesion of certain viruses, including HIV-1, and bacteria to cells through multivalent interactions between receptor proteins ( gp120 for HIV-1) and GalCer. Here we use atomic force microscopy ( AFM) to study the effects of cholesterol on solid-phase GalCer domain microstructure and miscibility with a fluid lipid 1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine ( DLPC) in supported lipid bilayers. Using "slow-cooled vesicle fusion'' to prepare the supported lipid bilayers, we were able to overcome the nonequilibrium effects of the substrate ( verified by comparison to results for giant unilamellar vesicles) and accurately quantify the dramatic effect of cholesterol on the GalCer domain surface area/perimeter ratio ( AD/P) and DLPC-GalCer miscibility. We compare these results to a supported lipid bilayer system in which the bilayer is rapidly cooled ( nonequilibrium conditions), "quenched vesicle fusion'', and find that the microstructures are remarkably similar above a cholesterol mol fraction of similar to 0.06. We determined that GalCer domains were contained in one lea. et distal to the mica substrate through qualitative binding experiments with Trichosanthes kirilowii agglutinin ( TKA), a galactose-specific lectin, and AFM of Langmuir-Blodgett deposited GalCer/DLPC supported lipid bilayers. In addition, GalCer domains in bilayers containing cholesterol rearranged upon tip-sample contact. Our results further serve to clarify why discrepancies exist between different model membrane systems and between model membranes and cell membranes. In addition, these results offer new insight into the effect of cholesterol and surrounding lipid on domain microstructure and behavior. Finally, our observations may be pertinent to cell membrane structure, dynamics, and HIV infection. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Div Biol Sci, Biophys Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biophys & Interfacial Sci Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Longo, ML (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mllongo@ucdavis.edu RI Lin, Wan-Chen/A-4348-2009 NR 56 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 13 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 90 IS 12 BP 4466 EP 4478 DI 10.1529/biophysj.105.072744 PG 13 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 048EX UT WOS:000237931500017 PM 16565044 ER PT J AU Jang, SB Hung, LW Jeong, MS Holbrook, EL Chen, XY Turner, DH Holbrook, SR AF Jang, SB Hung, LW Jeong, MS Holbrook, EL Chen, XY Turner, DH Holbrook, SR TI The crystal structure at 1.5 angstrom resolution of an RNA octamer duplex containing tandem G center dot U basepairs SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BASE-PAIRS; INTERNAL LOOP; DOUBLE HELIX; MOLECULAR REPLACEMENT; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; RECOGNITION; MISMATCHES; PREDICTION; PARAMETERS AB The crystal structure of the RNA octamer, 5'-GGCGUGCC-3' has been determined from x-ray diffraction data to 1.5 angstrom resolution. In the crystal, this oligonucleotide forms five self-complementary double-helices in the asymmetric unit. Tandem 5'GU/3'UG basepairs comprise an internal loop in the middle of each duplex. The NMR structure of this octameric RNA sequence is also known, allowing comparison of the variation among the five crystallographic duplexes and the solution structure. The G center dot U pairs in the five duplexes of the crystal form two direct hydrogen bonds and are stabilized by water molecules that bridge between the base of guanine (N2) and the sugar (O2') of uracil. This contrasts with the NMR structure in which only one direct hydrogen bond is observed for the G center dot U pairs. The reduced stability of the r(CGUG)(2) motif relative to the r(GGUC)(2) motif may be explained by the lack of stacking of the uracil bases between the Watson-Crick and G center dot U pairs as observed in the crystal structure. C1 Pusan Natl Univ, Korea Nanobiotechnol Ctr, Pusan, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Biol Struct, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Chem, Rochester, NY USA. RP Jang, SB (reprint author), Pusan Natl Univ, Korea Nanobiotechnol Ctr, Jangjeon Dong, Pusan, South Korea. EM sbjang@pusan.ac.kr; srholbrook@lbl.gov RI Schroeder, Susan/D-3946-2011 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 22939, GM 4921501, R01 GM022939] NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 90 IS 12 BP 4530 EP 4537 DI 10.1529/biophysj.106.081018 PG 8 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 048EX UT WOS:000237931500023 PM 16581850 ER PT J AU Sulchek, T Friddle, RW Noy, A AF Sulchek, T Friddle, RW Noy, A TI Strength of multiple parallel biological bonds SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC FORCE SPECTROSCOPY; ANTIBODY; ADHESION; BINDING; AFFINITY; MOLECULES; FRAGMENTS; BIVALENT; CELLS; FLOW AB Multivalent interactions play a critical role in a variety of biological processes on both molecular and cellular levels. We have used molecular force spectroscopy to investigate the strength of multiple parallel peptide-antibody bonds using a system that allowed us to determine the rupture forces and the number of ruptured bonds independently. In our experiments the interacting molecules were attached to the surfaces of the probe and sample of the atomic force microscope with flexible polymer tethers, and the unique mechanical signatures of the tethers determined the number of ruptured bonds. We show that the rupture forces increase with the number of interacting molecules and that the measured forces obey the predictions of a Markovian model for the strength of multiple parallel bonds. We also discuss the implications of our results to the interpretation of force spectroscopy measurements in multiple bond systems. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Inst, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Noy, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Inst, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM noy1@llnl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [P01 CA047829, CA47829] NR 24 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 27 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 90 IS 12 BP 4686 EP 4691 DI 10.1529/biophysj.105.080291 PG 6 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 048EX UT WOS:000237931500038 PM 16581843 ER PT J AU Yang, QD Cox, BN Nalla, RK Ritchie, RO AF Yang, QD Cox, BN Nalla, RK Ritchie, RO TI Re-evaluating the toughness of human cortical bone SO BONE LA English DT Article DE cortical bone; fracture; toughness; cohesive zone ID BRITTLE-MATRIX COMPOSITES; CRACK-GROWTH-RESISTANCE; BRIDGED CRACKS; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; TOUGHENING MECHANISMS; FIBROUS COMPOSITES; SPECIMEN THICKNESS; COMPACT BONE; HUMAN FEMUR; BEHAVIOR AB Data for fracture in human humeral cortical bone are re-analyzed to assess the validity for this material of linear-elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM), which is the standard method of analyzing toughness and one basis for analyzing clinical data relating to bone quality. A nonlinear fracture model, which is based on representing the damage zone in the bone by a cohesive model, is calibrated against a number of sets of test data for normal (not diseased or aged) human cortical bone taken from cadavers. The data consist of load vs. load-point displacement measurements from standard compact-tension fracture tests. Conventional LEFM is unable to account for the shape of the load-displacement curves, but the nonlinear model overcomes this deficiency. Calibration of the nonlinear model against one data curve leads to predictions of the peak load and the displacement to peak load for two other data curves that are, for this limited test set, more accurate than those made using LEFM. Furthermore, prior observations of damage mechanisms in bone are incompatible with the modeling assumption of LEFM that all nonlinearity is confined to a zone much smaller than the specimen and the crack length. The predictions of the cohesive model and the prior observations concur that the length of the nonlinear zone in human cortical bone varies in the range 3-10 mm, which is comparable to or larger than naturally-occurring bones and the specimens used to test them. We infer that LEFM is not an accurate model for cortical bone. The fracture toughness of bone deduced via LEFM from test data will not generally be a material constant, but will take different values for different crack lengths and test configurations. The accuracy of using LEFM or single-parameter fracture toughness for analyzing the significance of data from clinical studies is called into question. The nonlinear cohesive zone model is proposed to be a more accurate model of bone and the traction-displacement or cohesive law is hypothesized to be a material property. The cohesive law contains a more complete representation of the mechanics of material failure than the single-parameter fracture toughness and may therefore provide a superior measure of bone quality, e.g., for assessing the efficacy of therapy for osteoporosis. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Rockwell Sci Co LLC, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yang, QD (reprint author), Rockwell Sci Co LLC, 1049 Camino Dos Rios, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. EM qyang@rwsc.com RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [5R01 DE015633] NR 59 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD JUN PY 2006 VL 38 IS 6 BP 878 EP 887 DI 10.1016/j.bone.2005.10.014 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 055DB UT WOS:000238429100016 PM 16338188 ER PT J AU Stephen, JM Ranken, DF Aine, CJ AF Stephen, Julia M. Ranken, Doug F. Aine, Cheryl J. TI Frequency-following and connectivity of different visual areas in response to contrast-reversal stimulation SO BRAIN TOPOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE visual system; magnetoencephalography; MEG; cross-correlation; temporal oscillations; pseudo steady-state ID STEADY-STATE VEPS; EVOKED-POTENTIALS; TEMPORAL FREQUENCY; PATTERN-REVERSAL; RETINOTOPIC ORGANIZATION; NEUROMAGNETIC RESPONSES; FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE; CONSCIOUS PERCEPTION; CORTICAL CONNECTIONS; SELECTIVE ATTENTION AB The sensitivity of visual areas to different temporal frequencies, as well as the functional connections between these areas, was examined using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Alternating circular sinusoids (0, 3.1,8.7 and 14 Hz) were presented to foveal and peripheral locations in the visual field to target ventral and dorsal stream structures, respectively. It was hypothesized that higher temporal frequencies would preferentially activate dorsal stream structures. To determine the effect of frequency on the cortical response we analyzed the late time interval (220-770 ms) using a multi-dipole spatio-temporal analysis approach to provide source locations and timecourses for each condition. As an exploratory aspect, we performed cross-correlation analysis on the source timecourses to determine which sources responded similarly within conditions. Contrary to predictions, dorsal stream areas were not activated more frequently during high temporal frequency stimulation. However, across cortical sources the frequency-following response showed a difference, with significantly higher power at the second harmonic for the 3.1 and 8.7 Hz stimulation and at the first and second harmonics for the 14 Hz stimulation with this pattern seen robustly in area V1. Cross-correlations of the source timecourses showed that both low- and high-order visual areas, including dorsal and ventral stream areas, were significantly correlated in the late time interval. The results imply that frequency information is transferred to higher-order visual areas without translation. Despite the less complex waveforms seen in the late interval of time, the cross-correlation results show that visual, temporal and parietal cortical areas are intricately involved in late-interval visual processing. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Radiol, Sch Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New Mexico VA Healthcare Syst, Res Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Biophys, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Stephen, JM (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Radiol, Sch Med, MSC10 5530, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM jstephen@unm.edu OI Stephen, Julia/0000-0003-2486-747X FU NCRR NIH HHS [5P20 RR 15636-02]; NEI NIH HHS [EY 08610-10] NR 81 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC-HUMAN SCIENCES PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0896-0267 J9 BRAIN TOPOGR JI Brain Topogr. PD SUM PY 2006 VL 18 IS 4 BP 257 EP 272 DI 10.1007/s10548-006-0004-z PG 16 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 083TH UT WOS:000240480600004 PM 16845594 ER PT J AU Scott, JB Rasmussen, T Luke, B Taylor, WJ Wagoner, JL Smith, SB Louie, JN AF Scott, JB Rasmussen, T Luke, B Taylor, WJ Wagoner, JL Smith, SB Louie, JN TI Shallow shear velocity and seismic microzonation of the urban Las Vegas, Nevada, Basin SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WAVE VELOCITY; VALLEY AB Las Vegas Valley has a rapidly growing population exceeding 1.5 million, subject to significant seismic risk. Surveys of shallow shear velocity performed in the Las Vegas urban area included a 13-km-long transect parallel to Las Vegas Blvd. (The Strip), and borehole and surface-wave measurements of 30 additional sites. The transect was completed quickly and economically using the refraction microtremor method, providing shear velocity versus depth profiles at 49 locations. The lowest velocities in the transect, NEHRP D class, are near intrabasin faults found near Interstate 15 and Lake Mead Blvd. Calcite cementation of alluvium (a.k.a. caliche) along the Las Vegas Strip elevates Vs30 values to 500-600 m/sec, NEHRP C class. Our transect measurements correlate poorly against geologic map units, which do not predict the conditions of any individual site with accuracy sufficient for engineering application. Some USDA soil map units do correlate, and Vs30 predictions based on measurements of soil units match transect measurements in the transect area. Extending soil-map predictions away from the area of dense measurement coverage generally failed to predict new measurements. Further, for several test sites the predictions were not conservative, in that the soil model predicted higher Vs30 than was later measured (predicting lesser potential ground motion). Subsurface information is needed to build a Vs30 model extending predictions throughout Las Vegas Valley. A detailed stratigraphic model built by correlating > 1100 deep well logs in Las Vegas predicts Vs30 better than surface maps, but again only in parts of the Valley well-measured for velocity. The stratigraphic model yields good predictions of our transect Vs30 measurements. It is less accurate, although at least conservative, when extended to sites away from the transect. C1 Univ Nevada, Nevada Seismol Lab, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Geosci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Scott, JB (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Nevada Seismol Lab, Mail Stop 174, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM jscott@seismo.unr.edu NR 11 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 6 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 96 IS 3 BP 1068 EP 1077 DI 10.1785/0120050044 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 049FJ UT WOS:000238001100021 ER PT J AU Taylor, SR Patton, HJ AF Taylor, Steven R. Patton, Howard J. TI A probability of detection method for reducing short-period m(b)-M-s false alarm rates SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SEISMIC EVENT IDENTIFICATION; NUCLEAR-EXPLOSIONS; SURFACE-WAVES; M-S; DISCRIMINATION; EARTHQUAKES; MOMENT; MS; SCALE AB The 20-sec m(b) - M-s discriminant is one of the most reliable and best understood methods for identifying underground nuclear explosions. To extend the discriminant to lower magnitude thresholds at regional distances it is necessary to perform the M, measurement at shorter periods. Although short-period Rayleigh-wave measurements have lower detection thresholds than those at 20 see, they are more influenced by the effects of earthquake depth that cause overlap of earthquake and explosion populations. We present a technique using a probability of detection model (PXD) to estimate the probability that a surface-wave detection came from an underground explosion. The key to the method is the development of a simple analytic model to predict the maximum expected amplitude probability distribution (upper tail) from an underground explosion of a given body-wave magnitude recorded at a specified distance. The model assumes full coupling and accounts for material effects, attenuation, and amplification from tectonic release. The detection classifier is applicable when there is a signal detection above a specified signal-to-noise cutoff and the detection is of greater amplitude than the maximum expected explosion amplitude. We assume that in general, earthquakes generate larger 6- to 12-sec Rayleigh-wave amplitudes than explosions for a given body-wave magnitude. For a given sensor we define the probability of detection given that the source was an explosion. Using Bayes' Rule we determine the probability that the signal detection originated from an explosion. The surface-wave probability of detection curve for a given period and the prior probability that an explosion occurred can also be included in the formulation. We compute the conditional probability (represented as a p value) that the detected signal originated from an explosion. No assumptions regarding the non-explosion source are necessary other than the fact that the maximum amplitudes are expected to be greater than those from the explosion under full coupling conditions. Under the specified conditions, the p value will always be a small value indicating a low probability that the detected signal originated from an explosion. The p value can also be thought of as a random variable that can be combined with other discriminants in a multivariate setting. We show results of the signal detection formulation using short-period Rayleigh waves from earthquakes and explosions in Eurasia and compare to the traditional m(b) - M-s at different periods. For a set of earthquakes and explosions recorded at WMQ measured at a 6- to 12-sec period, false alarm rates are reduced from 28.3% for m(b) - M-s to 18.6% using the probability of detection model. Using PXD by itself as an earthquake identifier, 78% of all events are assigned a p value resulting in a false alarm rate of 22% that is better than m(b) - M-s alone for this dataset. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, EES 11, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Taylor, SR (reprint author), Rocky Mt Geophys, 167 Piedra Loop, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 96 IS 3 BP 1078 EP 1090 DI 10.1785/0120050135 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 049FJ UT WOS:000238001100022 ER PT J AU Farges, F Siewert, R Brown, GE Guesdon, A Morin, G AF Farges, Francois Siewert, Ralf Brown, Gordon E., Jr. Guesdon, Anne Morin, Guillaume TI Structural environments around molybdenum in silicate glasses and melts. I. Influence of composition and oxygen fugacity on the local structure of molybdenum SO CANADIAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Rare-Element Geochemistry and Mineral Deposits held at the 2004 GAC-MAC Annual Meeting CY MAY 12-14, 2004 CL Brock Univ, St Catharines, CANADA SP GAC, MAC HO Brock Univ ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; INCOMPATIBLE ELEMENTS; SIDEROPHILE ELEMENTS; ANGULAR-DEPENDENCE; PHOSPHATE-GLASSES; TUNNEL STRUCTURE; AQUEOUS FLUIDS AB The coordination chemistry of molybdenum was investigated in nine series of synthetic silicate glasses, including sodium disilicate (NS2), sodium trisilicate (NS3), albite (Ab), anorthite (An), Ab(50)An(50), Ab(30)An(70), diopside (DI), rhyolite (RH), and basalt (BA), using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopies. The Mo content of these glasses ranges from 300 ppm to 3 wt.%. On the basis of results derived from high-resolution X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, molybdenum is present primarily as molybdate moieties [MO(VI)O(4)(2-)] in most of the glass compositions prepared at f(O(2)) values ranging from 1 atm to 10(-12) atm (temperatures ranging from 1100 to 1700 degrees C, i.e., from air to IW+4). Analysis of extended XAFS (EXAFS) spectra of these glasses indicates an average Mo-O distance of similar to 1.76(1) angstrom. No evidence for second-neighbor Si or Al around Mo was found in any of the glasses, confirming that molybdate moieties are not connected to the tetrahedral framework, in agreement with Pauling bond-valence predictions. The presence of molybdate moieties in regions of these glasses enriched in network modifiers helps explain why crystalline molybdates can nucleate easily in silicate glasses (and, by extension, in the corresponding melts). In the highly polymerized glass compositions (such as "Ab" or "RH"), Mo(VI)O(6)(6-) moieties also exist, but at minor levels (<20% of the total Mo). In glasses prepared at low f(O(2)) (near IW), reduced species of Mo occur, such as molybdenyl [Mo(V) and Mo(IV)]. In glasses prepared at even lower f(O(2)) (near IW+4), Mo is present as a metallic precipitate. The prevalence of molybdate moieties in silicate glasses until relatively low oxygen fugacities (IW) are achieved appears to be at variance with the fact that molybdenite, Mo(IV)S(2), is the dominant Mo-bearing mineral in the Earth's crust. In a companion paper, we re-examine the speciation of molybdenum in more complex systems that are closer to geochemical reality, such as high-temperature melts, densified (high-pressure) glasses, and silicate glass compositions enriched in volatiles. C1 CNRS, UMR 7160, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Lab Mineral, F-75005 Paris, France. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. ENSICAEN, Lab CRISMAT, F-14050 Caen, France. Univ Paris 06, Lab Mineral Cristallog, IPGP, F-75252 Paris 05, France. CNRS, UMR 7590, F-75252 Paris 05, France. RP Farges, F (reprint author), CNRS, UMR 7160, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Lab Mineral, USM 201,61 Rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France. EM francoisfarges@gmail.com NR 108 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 7 U2 31 PU MINERALOGICAL ASSOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 78087, MERILINE POSTAL OUTLET, 1460 MERIVALE RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2E 1B1, CANADA SN 0008-4476 J9 CAN MINERAL JI Can. Mineral. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 44 BP 731 EP 753 DI 10.2113/gscanmin.44.3.731 PN 3 PG 23 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 080SM UT WOS:000240268300009 ER PT J AU Farges, F Siewert, R Ponader, CW Brown, GE Pichavant, M Behrens, H AF Farges, Franois Siewert, Ralf Ponader, Carl W. Brown, Gordon E., Jr. Pichavant, Michel Behrens, Harald TI Structural environments around molybdenum in silicate glasses and melts. II. Effect of temperature, pressure, H2O, halogens and sulfur SO CANADIAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Rare-Element Geochemistry and Mineral Deposits held at the 2004 GAC-MAC Annual Meeting CY MAY 12-14, 2004 CL Brock Univ, St Catharines, CANADA SP GAC, MAC HO Brock Univ DE molybdenum; glasses and melts; XAFS spectroscopy; fluids; sulfur ID RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; INCOMPATIBLE ELEMENTS; WAVELENGTH SHIFTS; OXIDATION-STATE; AQUEOUS FLUIDS; SYSTEMS; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECIATION AB The local structure around molybdenum (at a concentration of 2000 ppm) in densified silicate glasses (to 7 kbar), melts (to 12 10 K), and fluid-bearing (either H2O, halogens, or sulfur) glasses was investigated by the means of X-ray absorption, fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy at the molybdenum K-edge. The spectra show that molybdate moieties [i.e, Mo(VI)O-4(2-)] are the dominant form of molybdenum in anhydrous melts and in densified glasses, with only a minor amount of tetravalent molybdenum. Also, H2O and halogens have a limited effect on the local structure of molybdenum by promoting tetravalent coordination, but they do not complex Mo. In contrast, sulfur is found to complex molybdenum at moderate oxygen and sulfur fugacities. Thiooxo-molybdate moieties [Mo(IV,V,VI)OnSn (n = 1, 2, 3)] are observed in sulfur-bearing glasses. Thio-oxo-molybdate moieties are characterized by Mo=S2- bonds, which result in these moieties being disconnected (mobile) within the melt. These moieties also polymerize with decreasing redox state of Mo (as Mo-S units), enhancing molybdenite saturation and nucleation in the melt. A new and largely unexplored area of research involving the structure and stability of thio-molybdate moieties in magmatic systems is outlined, which can help reconcile some of the apparent discrepancies in the geochemistry of molybdenum in synthetic systems versus natural systems, in particular in systems where molybdenum partitions into the fluid phase. C1 CNRS, UMR 7160, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Lab Mineral, F-75005 Paris, France. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. CNRS, CRSCM, Inst Sci Terre Orleans, F-45071 Orleans 2, France. Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Mineral, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. RP Farges, F (reprint author), CNRS, UMR 7160, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Lab Mineral, USM 201,61 Rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France. EM francoisfarges@gmail.com RI Pichavant, Michel/C-1371-2012 OI Pichavant, Michel/0000-0001-8346-5302 NR 89 TC 15 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 15 PU MINERALOGICAL ASSOC CANADA PI QUEBEC PA 490, RUE DE LA COURONNE, QUEBEC, QC G1K 9A9, CANADA SN 0008-4476 J9 CAN MINERAL JI Can. Mineral. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 44 BP 755 EP 773 DI 10.2113/gscanmin.44.3.755 PN 3 PG 19 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 080SM UT WOS:000240268300010 ER PT J AU Piilonen, PC Farges, F Linnen, RL Brown, GE Pawlak, M Pratt, A AF Piilonen, Paula C. Farges, Francois Linnen, Robert L. Brown, Gordon E., Jr. Pawlak, Marcin Pratt, Allen TI Structural environment of Nb5+ in dry and fluid-rich (H2O, F) silicate glasses: A combined XANES and EXAFS study SO CANADIAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Rare-Element Geochemistry and Mineral Deposits held at the 2004 GAC-MAC Annual Meeting CY MAY 12-14, 2004 CL Brock Univ, St Catharines, CANADA SP GAC, MAC HO Brock Univ DE niobium; X-ray absorption spectroscopy; synthetic glasses; octahedral coordination; solubility ID ALUMINOSILICATE GLASSES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SYSTEM NA2O-AL2O3-SIO2; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GALLATE GLASSES; TRACE-ELEMENTS; FINE-STRUCTURE; MELTS; WATER; SPECTROSCOPY AB We performed Nb K-edge XAFS spectroscopy experiments on a series of model compounds, natural glasses and anhydrous and fluid-bearing (H2O, F) synthetic glasses doped with 0.1 to 5 wt.% Nb2O5, In addition, we decribe a new ICP-AES method to provide chemical information on micro quantities of glass samples. In dry, H2O- and F-bearing peraluminous and peralkaline glasses, Nb5+ is present as NbO6 moeties. These share corners with SiO4 and AlO4 tetrahedra through non-bridging oxygen (NBO) atoms. No evidence for 4-, 5- or 7-coordinated Nb was found. Slight changes in site centrosymmetry were detected among the compositions (ordered in NBO-rich compositions, more disordered and distorted in peraluminous ones). In agreement with Nb2O5 solubility experiments, bond-valence theory suggests that network-modifying cations such as Na are present in the vicinity of Nb. This environment most closely resembles those observed in alkali mobosilicates such as vuonnemite and labuntsovite-group minerals. In dry, peraluminous glasses, the sites containing Nb are disordered, as in columbite. Similar information on speciation was obtained for a set of natural glasses. The local environment around the Nb atoms is therefore highly sensitive to melt depolymerization, alkalinity and H2O, F contents, all of which will increase the solubility of Nb in the melt and explains a number of its geochemical properties in evolved magmatic systems. C1 Canadian Museum Nat, Div Res, Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4, Canada. CNRS, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Lab Mineral, F-75005 Paris, France. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Nat Resources Canada, Min & Mineral Sci Lab, CANMET, Ottawa, ON K1A 0G1, Canada. RP Piilonen, PC (reprint author), Canadian Museum Nat, Div Res, POB 3443 Stn D, Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4, Canada. EM ppiilonen@mus-nature.ca NR 69 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 17 PU MINERALOGICAL ASSOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 78087, MERILINE POSTAL OUTLET, 1460 MERIVALE RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2E 1B1, CANADA SN 0008-4476 J9 CAN MINERAL JI Can. Mineral. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 44 BP 775 EP 794 DI 10.2113/gscanmin.44.3.775 PN 3 PG 20 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 080SM UT WOS:000240268300011 ER PT J AU Farges, F Linnen, RL Brown, GE AF Farges, Francois Linnen, Robert L. Brown, Gordon E., Jr. TI Redox and speciation of tin in hydrous silicate glasses: A comparison with Nb, Ta, Mo and W SO CANADIAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Rare-Element Geochemistry and Mineral Deposits held at the 2004 GAC-MAC Annual Meeting CY MAY 12-14, 2004 CL Brock Univ, St Catharines, CANADA SP GAC, MAC HO Brock Univ DE tin; hydrous glasses; XAFS spectroscopy; solubility; highly charged cations ID CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; ALUMINOSILICATE GLASSES; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; GRANITIC MELTS; SOLUBILITY; PRESSURE; SN; TEMPERATURE; SCATTERING AB The speciation of tin in nine hydrous haplogranitic silicate glasses (0.1-1 wt.% SnO2) was investigated by XAFS spectroscopy at the tin K-edge. Three compositions of granitic melt were investigated [peralkaline (ASI 0.6), metaluminous (ASI 1.0), and peraluminous (ASI 1.2)] and, for each of these, tin-bearing glasses were synthesized at three different redox conditions (similar to FMQ, similar to FMQ + 1.1, and similar to FMQ + 2.4). The hydrous glasses were quenched from H2O-saturated melts at 850 degrees C and 2 kbar. Redox states estimated from XANES are in good agreement with those estimated from SnO2 dissolution experiments. There are, however, some unresolved discrepancies. Tetravalent Sri is dominant in all peralkaline melts investigated, even at FMQ. In contrast, Sn(II) is dominant in the peraluminous compositions investigated, even at FMQ + 2.4. The tin K-edge XAFS spectra for the oxidized glasses resemble that of eakerite [Ca2SnAl2Si6O18(OH)(2)center dot 2H(2)O]. Tetravalent Sri thus behaves in a similar manner to Zr(IV), a network modifier, but is markedly different from Ti(IV), a network former. In the most reduced glasses, highly ionic Sn(II)-bearing moieties are formed. Thus, Sn(II) is comparable to Ca2+, i.e., it is an efficient network modifier, in sharp contrast to Sn(IV). Consequently, Sn(IV) is soluble in silicate melts that contain non-bridging oxygen (NBO) atoms, such as peralkaline compositions. In contrast, in peraluminous magmas, in which NBO are lacking, Sn(II) preferentially forms highly ionic moieties that can be easily "complexed" and transported by, for instance, chlorine. If the redox conditions become oxidizing, Sn(IV) forms, but cannot accommodate itself within the framework of tetrahedra of the melt structure, which results in nucleation of cassiterite. In a comparison of speciation information for Nb(V), Ta(V), W(VI) and Mo(VI) in similar compositions of glass, Sn(IV) acts more like Nb(V), Ta(V) or Zr(IV), whereas Mo(VI) and W(VI) form highly covalent complexes (sensu stricto) that are disconnected from the framework of tetrahedra. Tin geochemistry in melts appears to be dominated by an exchange between two highly different structural positions for Sn(IV) and Sn(II), which is highly sensitive to peralkalinity under conditions of moderate fugacity of oxygen. In contrast, the mineralogy of tin is dominated by Sn(IV). The difference in the valence of tin in melts vs minerals makes it a very unusual cation as compared to other highly charged cations to which tin is commonly associated, such as Mo, W, Ta and Nb. C1 CNRS, Museum Natl Hist Nat, UMR 7160, Lab Mineral, F-75005 Paris, France. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Farges, F (reprint author), CNRS, Museum Natl Hist Nat, UMR 7160, Lab Mineral, USM 201,61 Rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France. EM francoisfarges@gmail.com NR 64 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 40 PU MINERALOGICAL ASSOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 78087, MERILINE POSTAL OUTLET, 1460 MERIVALE RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2E 1B1, CANADA SN 0008-4476 J9 CAN MINERAL JI Can. Mineral. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 44 BP 795 EP 810 DI 10.2113/gscanmin.44.3.795 PN 3 PG 16 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 080SM UT WOS:000240268300012 ER PT J AU Disselkamp, RS Denslow, KM Hart, TR Peden, CHF AF Disselkamp, RS Denslow, KM Hart, TR Peden, CHF TI Non-equilibrium effects in the hydrogenation-mediated isomerization mechanism of olefins during cavitating ultrasound processing SO CATALYSIS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE olefin exchange; hydrogenation; deuteration; vibrational temperature; transition-state theory ID PD-BLACK; CATALYSIS AB The process whereby cis-olefins isomerize to their trans form is generally understood as occurring through C-H activation of surface bound alkyl radical species. Here we present aqueous phase deuteration results of cis-2-buten-l-ol on Raney Nickel. In the context of the accepted olefin isomerization mechanism, our results illustrate that transition-state theory can accurately model the competition between C-H and C-D activation for olefin exchange (isomerization) for the case of conventional catalytic processing. This is the case also for a catalytic process that includes cavitating ultrasound, although the model then requires a much higher vibrational temperature (at least similar to 800 K) in order to simulate the selectivity of the deuterium exchange process. Thus, cavitating ultrasound likely incorporates a high level of molecular vibrational excitation, suggesting that the vibrational temperature is not in equilibrium with the thermal (e.g., translational) temperature as the chemistry proceeds along a traditional reaction path. (c) 2606 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Disselkamp, RS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, 3335 Q Ave,POB 999,MS K8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM robert.disselkamp@pnl.gov OI Peden, Charles/0000-0001-6754-9928; Hart, Todd/0000-0001-8013-0689 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-7367 J9 CATAL COMMUN JI Catal. Commun. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 7 IS 6 BP 348 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.catcom.2005.10.021 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 045EJ UT WOS:000237725100005 ER PT J AU Kwak, JH Peden, CHF Szanyi, J AF Kwak, JH Peden, CHF Szanyi, J TI Non-thermal plasma-assisted NOx reduction over Na-Y zeolites: the promotional effect of acid sites SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE non-thermal plasma-assisted catalytic NOx reduction; ammonium ion exchange; Na-Y zeolites; FTIR; TPD ID FAU ZEOLITES; FTIR; ADSORPTION; NA-Y,FAU; CATALYST AB The effect of acid sites on the catalytic activities of a series of H+-modified Na-Y zeolites was investigated in the non-thermal plasma assisted NOx reduction reaction using a simulated diesel engine exhaust gas mixture. The acid sites were formed by NH4+ ion exchange and subsequent heat treatment of a NaY zeolite. The catalytic activities of these H+-modified NaY zeolites significantly increased with the number of acid sites. This NOx conversion increase was correlated with the decrease in the amount of unreacted NO2. The increase in the number of acid sites did not change the NO level, it stayed constant. Temperature programmed desorption following NO2 adsorption showed the appearance of a high temperature desorption peak at 453 K in addition to the main desorption feature of 343 K observed for the base Na-Y. The results of both the IR and TPD experiments revealed the formation of crotonaldehyde, resulting from condensation reaction of adsorbed acetaldehyde. Strong adsorptions of both NOx and hydrocarbon species are proposed to be responsible for the higher catalytic activity of H+-modified Na-Y zeolites in comparison to the base NaY material. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Szanyi, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM janos.szanyi@pnl.gov RI Kwak, Ja Hun/J-4894-2014; OI Peden, Charles/0000-0001-6754-9928 NR 10 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 109 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1007/s10562-006-0049-3 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 041ED UT WOS:000237435300001 ER PT J AU Cox, CD McCollum, JM Austin, DW Allen, MS Dar, RD Simpson, ML AF Cox, CD McCollum, JM Austin, DW Allen, MS Dar, RD Simpson, ML TI Frequency domain analysis of noise in simple gene circuits SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID EXACT STOCHASTIC SIMULATION; COUPLED CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SINGLE-CELL; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; FLUCTUATING ENVIRONMENTS; REGULATORY NETWORKS; MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY; EXPRESSION; LANGEVIN AB Recent advances in single cell methods have spurred progress in quantifying and analyzing stochastic fluctuations, or noise, in genetic networks. Many of these studies have focused on identifying the sources of noise and quantifying its magnitude, and at the same time, paying less attention to the frequency content of the noise. We have developed a frequency domain approach to extract the information contained in the frequency content of the noise. In this article we review our work in this area and extend it to explicitly consider sources of extrinsic and intrinsic noise. First we review applications of the frequency domain approach to several simple circuits, including a constitutively expressed gene, a gene regulated by transitions in its operator state, and a negatively autoregulated gene. We then review our recent experimental study, in which time-lapse microscopy was used to measure noise in the expression of green fluorescent protein in individual cells. The results demonstrate how changes in rate constants within the gene circuit are reflected in the spectral content of the noise in a manner consistent with the predictions derived through frequency domain analysis. The experimental results confirm our earlier theoretical prediction that negative autoregulation not only reduces the magnitude of the noise but shifts its content out to higher frequency. Finally, we develop a frequency domain model of gene expression that explicitly accounts for extrinsic noise at the transcriptional and translational levels. We apply the model to interpret a shift in the autocorrelation function of green fluorescent protein induced by perturbations of the translational process as a shift in the frequency spectrum of extrinsic noise and a decrease in its weighting relative to intrinsic noise. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Siemens Mol Imaging, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Cox, CD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ccox9@utk.edu; simpsonml1@ornl.gov RI Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011; Cox, Chris/A-9451-2013 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457; Cox, Chris/0000-0001-9818-5477 NR 51 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 AR 026102 DI 10.1063/1.2204354 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 059JR UT WOS:000238729600031 PM 16822034 ER PT J AU Gallagher, M Preti, G Fakharzadeh, SS Leyden, JJ Spielman, AI Willse, A AF Gallagher, M. Preti, G. Fakharzadeh, S. S. Leyden, J. J. Spielman, A. I. Willse, A. TI Metabolomic analyses of human skin: Age and disease biomarkers SO CHEMICAL SENSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Chemoreception-Sciences CY APR 26-30, 2006 CL Sarasota, FL SP Assoc Chemorecept Sci C1 Monell Chem Senses Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NYU, New York, NY USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0379-864X J9 CHEM SENSES JI Chem. Senses PD JUN PY 2006 VL 31 IS 5 BP A42 EP A42 PG 1 WC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences; Physiology SC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 059VZ UT WOS:000238761600155 ER PT J AU Kwak, J Willse, A Preti, G Curran, M Wahl, JH Yang, P Yamazaki, K Beauchamp, G AF Kwak, J. Willse, A. Preti, G. Curran, M. Wahl, J. H. Yang, P. Yamazaki, K. Beauchamp, G. TI Background strain dependence of MHC-related odorants SO CHEMICAL SENSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Chemoreception-Sciences CY APR 26-30, 2006 CL Sarasota, FL SP Assoc Chemorecept Sci C1 Monell Chem Senses Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Kwak, Ja Hun/J-4894-2014; Kwak, Jae/E-5781-2011 OI Kwak, Jae/0000-0003-4216-2019 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0379-864X J9 CHEM SENSES JI Chem. Senses PD JUN PY 2006 VL 31 IS 5 BP A93 EP A93 PG 1 WC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences; Physiology SC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 059VZ UT WOS:000238761600332 ER PT J AU Preti, G Kwak, J Curran, M Wahl, J Willse, A Yamazaki, K Beauchamp, G AF Preti, G. Kwak, J. Curran, M. Wahl, J. Willse, A. Yamazaki, K. Beauchamp, G. TI Volatile MHC odortypes SO CHEMICAL SENSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Chemoreception-Sciences CY APR 26-30, 2006 CL Sarasota, FL SP Assoc Chemorecept Sci C1 Monell Chem Senses Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Kwak, Ja Hun/J-4894-2014; Kwak, Jae/E-5781-2011 OI Kwak, Jae/0000-0003-4216-2019 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0379-864X J9 CHEM SENSES JI Chem. Senses PD JUN PY 2006 VL 31 IS 5 BP A92 EP A93 PG 2 WC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences; Physiology SC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 059VZ UT WOS:000238761600330 ER PT J AU Bethune, MT Strop, P Tang, YY Sollid, LM Khosla, C AF Bethune, MT Strop, P Tang, YY Sollid, LM Khosla, C TI Heterologous expression, purification, refolding, and structural-functional characterization of EP-B2, a self-activating barley cysteine endoprotease SO CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN PROCATHEPSIN L; T-CELL EPITOPE; CELIAC-DISEASE; TISSUE TRANSGLUTAMINASE; PROLYL ENDOPEPTIDASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TRICHODERMA-REESEI; GLIADIN PEPTIDES; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; MOLECULAR-CLONING AB We describe the heterologous expression in Escherichia coli of the proenzyme precursor to EP-B2, a cysteine endoprotease from germinating barley seeds. High yields (50 mg/l) of recombinant proEP-B2 were obtained from E. coli inclusion bodies in shake flask cultures following purification and refolding. The zymogen was rapidly autoactivated to its mature form under acidic conditions at a rate independent of proEP-B2 concentration, suggesting a cis mechanism of autoactivation. Mature EP-B2 was stable and active over a wide pH range and efficiently hydrolyzed a recombinant wheat gluten protein, alpha 2-gliaclin, at sequences with known immunotoxicity in celiac sprue patients. The X-ray crystal structure of mature EP-B2 bound to leupeptin was solved to 2.2 angstrom resolution and provided atomic insights into the observed subsite specificity of the endoprotease. Our findings suggest that orally administered proEP-B2 may be especially well suited for treatment of celiac sprue. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Biochem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Neurol & Neurol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Oslo, Rikshosp, Univ Hosp, Inst Immunol, N-0027 Oslo, Norway. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Khosla, C (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Biochem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM khosla@stanford.edu RI Sollid, Ludvig/N-9691-2015 OI Sollid, Ludvig/0000-0001-8860-704X FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK063158] NR 49 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 9 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1074-5521 J9 CHEM BIOL JI Chem. Biol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 13 IS 6 BP 637 EP 647 DI 10.1016/j.chembiol.2006.04.008 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 059HL UT WOS:000238723800012 PM 16793521 ER PT J AU Bourg, IC Sposito, G Bourg, ACM AF Bourg, Ian C. Sposito, Garrison Bourg, Alain C. M. TI Tracer diffusion in compacted, water-saturated bentonite SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE bentonite; diffusion; geometric factor; interlayer; montmorillonite; nanopore; smectite; waste containment ID SODIUM MONTMORILLONITE; ACTIVATION-ENERGY; SELF-DIFFUSION; SAND MIXTURE; CLAY; IONS; MICROSTRUCTURE; MECHANISM; BEHAVIOR; CATIONS AB Compacted Na-bentonite clay barriers, widely used in the isolation of solid-waste landfills and other contaminated sites, have been proposed for a similar use in the disposal of high-level radioactive waste. Molecular diffusion through the pore space in these barriers plays a key role in their performance, thus motivating recent measurements of the apparent diffusion coefficient tensor of water tracers in compacted, water-saturated Na-bentonites. In the present study, we introduce a conceptual model in which the pore space of water-saturated bentonite is divided into 'macropore' and 'interlayer nanopore' compartments. With this model we determine quantitatively the relative contributions of pore-network geometry (expressed as a geometric factor) and of the diffusive behavior of water molecules near montmorillonite basal surfaces (expressed as a constrictivity factor) to the apparent diffusion coefficient tensor. Our model predicts, in agreement with experiment, that the mean principal value of the apparent diffusion coefficient tensor follows a single relationship when plotted against the partial montmorillonite dry density (mass of montmorillonite per combined volume of montmorillonite and pore space). Using a single fitted parameter, the mean principal geometric factor, our model successfully describes this relationship for a broad range of bentonite-water systems, from dilute gel to highly-compacted bentonite with 80% of its pore water in interlayer nanopores. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Dept Geochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Environm Hydrogeochem LHGE JE2397, F-64013 Pau, France. ANDRA, F-92298 Chatenay Malabry, France. RP Bourg, IC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Dept Geochem, Davis Hall 1710, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ibourg@nature.berkeley.edu RI Bourg, Ian/A-6405-2013; OI Bourg, Ian/0000-0002-5265-7229 NR 66 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 5 U2 28 PU CLAY MINERALS SOC PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY, STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0009-8604 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 54 IS 3 BP 363 EP 374 DI 10.1346/CCMN.2006.0540307 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA 066AS UT WOS:000239202300007 ER PT J AU Liu, SL Hewson, JC Chen, JH AF Liu, SL Hewson, JC Chen, JH TI Nonpremixed n-heptane autoignition in unsteady counterflow SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE n-heptane; autoignition; counterflow; nonpremixed; unsteady strain ID PRACTICAL COMBUSTION SYSTEMS; IGNITION; AIR; MIXTURES; PRESSURE; HYDROGEN; STRAIN AB The effect of unsteady strain on n-heptane autoignition at elevated pressure is studied numerically with detailed chemistry and transport in the counterflow configuration. Specifically, fuel and air temperatures are chosen so that two-stage ignition occurs, as is typical, in the negative temperature-coefficient regime, and the strain perturbations are selected to rapidly rise and fall to mimic rapid turbulent strain-rate fluctuations. For these rapid fluctuations, the response of the mixing layer is unsteady. Small to moderate strain-rate fluctuations result in a small increase in the ignition delay. For sufficiently large strain rates such that the critical scalar dissipation rate is exceeded, the ignition delay is substantially greater. The latter delay results from both the time required for the dissipation rate to decay to below its critical value and the longer ignition delay time for systems with dissipation rates near the critical dissipation rate. For all magnitudes of strain-rate fluctuation, there is evidence that the second stage of the two-stage ignition is more sensitive to inhibition by higher dissipation rates. For sufficiently large dissipation rates, the heat losses force the second stage to the border between the low- and intermediate-temperature chemistries. (c) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Liu, SL (reprint author), United Technol Res Ctr, 411 Silver Lane, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. EM lius@utrc.utc.com NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JUN PY 2006 VL 145 IS 4 BP 730 EP 739 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2006.01.011 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 051SX UT WOS:000238182300008 ER PT J AU Lyness, JN AF Lyness, JN TI Extrapolation expansions for handing-chad-type Galerkin integrals with plane triangular elements SO COMMUNICATIONS ON PURE AND APPLIED ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Galerkin integral; extrapolation; multidimensional quadrature; hanging-chad; singular integrals ID EULER-MACLAURIN EXPANSION; HYPERSINGULAR INTEGRALS; QUADRATURE; SIMPLEX; REPRESENTATION AB Applications of three-dimensional Galerkin boundary element methods require the numerical evaluation of many four-dimensional integrals. In this paper we explore the possibility of using extrapolation quadrature. To do so, one needs appropriate error functional expansions. The treatment here is limited to integration over a region T-1 x T-2, where T-1 and T-2 are planar triangular elements in a hanging-chad configuration; that is, they have one vertex in common but are otherwise disjoint. We derive error expansions for product trapezoidal rules valid for integrands having an r(12)\(-1) factor. This factor gives rise to a weak singularity at the common vertex. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ New S Wales, Sch Math, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. RP Lyness, JN (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM lyness@mcs.anl.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES PI SPRINGFIELD PA PO BOX 2604, SPRINGFIELD, MO 65801-2604 USA SN 1534-0392 J9 COMMUN PUR APPL ANAL JI Commun. Pure Appl. Anal PD JUN PY 2006 VL 5 IS 2 BP 337 EP 347 PG 11 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 016ZR UT WOS:000235664400008 ER PT J AU Lasater, MS Kelley, CT Salinger, AG Woolard, DL Zhao, P AF Lasater, M. S. Kelley, C. T. Salinger, A. G. Woolard, D. L. Zhao, P. TI Parallel parameter study of the Wigner-Poisson equations for RTDs SO COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Distributed Computing and Applications to Business, Engineering and Sciences CY SEP 13-16, 2004 CL Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Wuhan Univ Technol, Minist Educ, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, SUN Microsyst, Hong Kong Headquarters, Int Sci & Technol Cooperat Assoc Hubei Prov, Comp Acad Assoc Hubei Prov & Wuhan Metropolis DE Wigner-Poisson equation; resonant tunneling diode; continuation; LOCA; scalability AB We will discuss a parametric study of the solution of the Wigner-Poisson equations for resonant tunneling diodes. These structures exhibit self-sustaining oscillations in certain operating regimes. We will describe the engineering consequences of our study and how it is a significant advance from some previous work, which used much coarser grids. We use LOCA and other packages in the Trilinos framework from Sandia National Laboratory to enable efficient parallelization of the solution methods and to perform bifurcation analysis of this model. We report on the parallel efficiency and scalability of our implementation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Math, Ctr Res Sci Compuatat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. US Army Res Off, US Army Res Lab, RTP, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Lasater, MS (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Math, Ctr Res Sci Compuatat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM mslasate@unity.ncsu.edu; tim_kelley@ncsu.edu; agsalin@sandia.gov; dwight.woolard@us.army.mil; pzhao@eos.ncsu.edu RI Kelley, Carl/A-4549-2008 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0898-1221 J9 COMPUT MATH APPL JI Comput. Math. Appl. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 51 IS 11 BP 1677 EP 1688 DI 10.1016/j.camwa.2006.05.006 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 067VT UT WOS:000239331400006 ER PT J AU Taylor, BE Scott, DE Gibbons, JW AF Taylor, BE Scott, DE Gibbons, JW TI Catastrophic reproductive failure, terrestrial survival, and persistence of the marbled salamander SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ambystoma opacum; catastrophic reproductive failure; extinction; larval density dependence; pond-breeding salamander; population model; storage effects; terrestrial survival ID POND-BREEDING AMPHIBIANS; AMBYSTOMA-OPACUM; LARVAL DENSITY; ISOLATED WETLANDS; FIELD ENCLOSURES; POPULATION; FLUCTUATIONS; CONSERVATION; ECOLOGY; STRATEGIES AB Wide variation in reproductive success is common among amphibians that breed in seasonal ponds, but persistence of adults can buffer against these fluctuations, particularly for long-lived species. We hypothesized that the frequent episodes of catastrophic failure of the marbled salamander (Ambystoma opacum) enhance the importance of high terrestrial survival. At Rainbow Bay in South Carolina reproductive success was poor (< 1 metamorph/breeding female) in nearly half of the 22 years that the species bred. Complete failure occurred in 6 of 22 years. To study catastrophic failure, we adapted an age-structured, individual-based model with density-dependent growth and survival of larvae. The model was based on extensive data from local field studies and experiments. With consistently good survival in the pond stages, the simulated population required survival probabilities in the upland stages (juveniles and adults) near 0.51 year to persist and near 0.8/year to achieve the increases observed. Catastrophic failure, occurring randomly with probability 0.5/year, created additional fluctuations in the population, raised the thresholds of survival required for persistence, and caused extinction under conditions that were otherwise favorable. The marbled salamander at Rainbow Bay is not at great risk of extinction because of catastrophic failure, but the risk increases dramatically if life span is decreased or frequency of failure is increased. Any reduction in terrestrial survival will have deleterious consequences by reducing the breeding populations at equilibrium, even if it does not jeopardize persistence. Our model provides assessments of risk that can be applied to poorly studied species with similar life histories, such as the endangered flatwoods salamander (A. cingulatum). C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Taylor, BE (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer F, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM btaylor@srel.edu NR 51 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 35 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 20 IS 3 BP 792 EP 801 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00321.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 053NZ UT WOS:000238313200038 PM 16909572 ER PT J AU Hayes, JR Gray, JJ Szmodis, AW Orme, CA AF Hayes, JR Gray, JJ Szmodis, AW Orme, CA TI Influence of chromium and molybdenum on the corrosion of nickel-based alloys SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE chromium; molybdenum; nickel; potentiodynamic; potentiostatic; repassivation ID STAINLESS-STEELS; DISSOLUTION KINETICS; PASSIVATION KINETICS; PITTING CORROSION; CREVICE CORROSION; BINARY-ALLOYS; CHLORIDE; BEHAVIOR; RESISTANCE; SURFACE AB The addition of chromium and molybdenum to nickel creates alloys with exceptional corrosion resistance in a diverse range of environments. This study examines the complementary roles of chromium and molybdenum in nickel alloy passivation. Four nickel alloys with varying amounts of chromium and molybdenum were studied in 1-molar salt solutions over a broad pH range. The passive corrosion and breakdown behavior of the alloys suggests that chromium is the primary element influencing general corrosion resistance. The breakdown potential was nearly independent of molybdenum content. while the repassivation potential is strongly dependant on the molybdenum content. This indicates that chromium plays a strong role in maintaining the passivity of the alloy, while molybdenum acts to stabilize the passive film after a localized breakdown event. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hayes, JR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM jrhayes@llnl.gov RI Orme, Christine/A-4109-2009 NR 22 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD JUN PY 2006 VL 62 IS 6 BP 491 EP 500 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 053UC UT WOS:000238330000003 ER PT J AU Clickner, CC Ekin, JW Cheggour, N Thieme, CLH Qiao, Y Xie, YY Goyal, A AF Clickner, CC Ekin, JW Cheggour, N Thieme, CLH Qiao, Y Xie, YY Goyal, A TI Mechanical properties of pure Ni and Ni-alloy substrate materials for Y-Ba-Cu-O coated superconductors SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article DE composite conductors; high-T-c superconductors; mechanical properties; superconducting cables ID BIAXIALLY TEXTURED NI; THICK-FILMS; CONDUCTORS; DEPOSITION; COATINGS AB Mechanical properties of rolling-assisted, biaxially-textured substrates (RABiTS) and substrates for ion-beam assisted deposition (IBAD) coated superconductors are measured at room temperature, 76, and 4 K. Yield strength, Young's modulus, and the proportional limit of elasticity are determined, tabulated and compared. Results obtained are intended to serve as a database of mechanical properties of substrates having the same anneal state and texture as those incorporated in the general class of RE-Ba-Cu-O coated conductor composites (RE = rare earth). The RABiTS materials measured are pure Ni, Ni 13at.%Cr, Ni-3at.%W-2at.%Fe, Ni-10at.%Cr-2at.%W, and Ni-5at.%W. The IBAD substrate materials included Inconel 625 and Hastelloy C-276. The Ni alloys are substantially stronger and show higher strains at the proportional limit than those of pure Ni. Substrates fully coated with buffer layers, approximate to 1 mu m of Y-Ba-Cu-O, and 3-5 mu m of Ag have similar mechanical properties (at 76 K) as the substrate alone. Somewhat surprisingly, plating an additional 30-40 mu m of Cu stabilizer onto high-yield-strength (690 MPa) Hastelloy coated conductors similar to 100 mu m thick, reduces the overall yield strength of the composite structure by only about 10-12% at 76 K and 12-14% at room temperature; this indicates that the Cu layer, despite its relatively soft nature, contributes significantly to the overall strength of even high-strength coated conductors. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Amer Superconductor Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. SuperPower Inc, Schenectady, NY 12304 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Clickner, CC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM clickner@boulder.nist.gov RI Cheggour, Najib/K-2769-2012 OI Cheggour, Najib/0000-0002-0741-3065 NR 12 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 5 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD JUN PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 432 EP 438 DI 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2006.01.014 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA 049HI UT WOS:000238006600003 ER PT J AU Wick, CD Siepmann, JI Sheth, AR Grant, DJW Karaborni, S AF Wick, CD Siepmann, JI Sheth, AR Grant, DJW Karaborni, S TI Monte Carlo calculations for the solid-state properties of warfarin sodium 2-propanol solvate SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID UNITED-ATOM DESCRIPTION; GAS-LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; TRANSFERABLE POTENTIALS; GIBBS ENSEMBLE; MOLECULAR SIMULATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; N-ALKANES; TEMPERATURE; RETENTION AB Monte Carlo simulations in the isotension-isothermal and Gibbs ensembles were carried out to investigate the structural properties of warfarin sodium 2-propanol and the ability of this compound to retain 2-propanol as a function of vapor pressure and in the presence of water. At full loading, the simulations yield a stable solvate structure that is in good agreement with the experimentally determined crystal structure. 2-Propanol is well-retained by the warfarin sodium host, and full loading is observed for partial pressures as low as 1% of its saturated vapor pressure, while water does not substantially replace 2-propanol from the crystalline interior even at 100% relative humidity. Radial distribution functions show strong binding of 2-propanol's hydroxyl hydrogen with the 2-keto oxygen and the oxygen atom of the coumarin ring of warfarin and strong binding of 2-propanol's oxygen to a single sodium ion. Thus, the spatial position of 2-propanol is highly confined, supporting the experimental observation that the 2:1 adduct of warfarin sodium and 2-propanol is a true solvate and not a clathrate. In contrast, water molecules would be less constrained and two water molecules would fit into 2-propanol's binding site, but there is no channel for the transport of water or 2-propanol molecules. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Pharmaceut, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Merck & Co Inc, Pharmaceut Res & Dev, West Point, PA 19486 USA. RP Wick, CD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM siepmann@chem.umn.edu NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 6 IS 6 BP 1318 EP 1323 DI 10.1021/cg050542y PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 050OH UT WOS:000238097300019 ER PT J AU Deutschbauer, AM Chivian, D Arkin, AP AF Deutschbauer, Adam M. Chivian, Dylan Arkin, Adam P. TI Genomics for environmental microbiology SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAYS; UNCULTURED MICROORGANISMS; PROCHLOROCOCCUS ECOTYPES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DNA MICROARRAYS; GENE-EXPRESSION; COMMUNITY; METAGENOMICS; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE AB The utilization of natural microbial diversity in biotechnology is hindered by our inability to culture the vast majority of microorganisms and the observation that laboratory engineered bacteria rarely function in the wild. It is now clear that an understanding of the community structure, function and evolution of bacteria in their natural environments is required to meet the promise of microbial biotechnology. To meet these new challenges, microbiologists are applying the tools of genomics and related high-throughput technologies to both cultured microbes and environmental samples. This work will lead to new views on ecosystems and biological function together with the biotechnology enabled by this science. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Arkin, AP (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 977-152, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aparkin@lbl.gov RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008 OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931 NR 50 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 17 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 17 IS 3 BP 229 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.copbio.2006.04.003 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 061BN UT WOS:000238846300002 PM 16650754 ER PT J AU Hazen, TC Stahl, DA AF Hazen, Terry C. Stahl, David A. TI Using the stress response to monitor process control: pathways to more effective bioremediation SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID STABLE-ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; BIODEGRADATION; GROWTH; SAFETY AB Environmental contamination with a variety of pollutants has prompted the development of effective bioremediation strategies. But how can these processes be best monitored and controlled? One avenue under investigation is the development of stress response systems as tools for effective and general process control. Although the microbial stress response has been the subject of intensive laboratory investigation, the environmental reflection of the laboratory response to specific stresses has been little explored. However, it is only within an environmental context, in which microorganisms are constantly exposed to multiple changing environmental stresses, that there will be full understanding of microbial adaptive resiliency. Knowledge of the stress response in the environment will facilitate the control of bioremediation and other processes mediated by complex microbial communities. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Virtual Inst Microbial Stress & Survival, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Virtual Inst Microbial Stress & Survival, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Hazen, TC (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Virtual Inst Microbial Stress & Survival, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 70A-3317, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tchazen@lbl.gov; dastahl@u.washington.edu RI Hazen, Terry/C-1076-2012 OI Hazen, Terry/0000-0002-2536-9993 NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 17 IS 3 BP 285 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.copbio.2006.03.004 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 061BN UT WOS:000238846300010 PM 16616486 ER PT J AU Kuske, CR AF Kuske, Cheryl R. TI Current and emerging technologies for the study of bacteria in the outdoor air SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAYS; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; BIOAEROSOL PARTICLES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LAND APPLICATION; EXPOSURE; COMMUNITIES; ATMOSPHERE; BIOSOLIDS; AEROSOLS AB Pathogenic bacteria dispersed into the outdoor air from natural events or human activity are an important concern affecting public health, agriculture, ecological health and international security. Recent studies in atmospheric microbiology have contributed to our ability to detect bacterial pathogens in air samples, increased our knowledge of the spatial and temporal dispersal of aerosolized bacteria and furthered our understanding of the natural bacterial diversity and composition of air. Significant questions remain about bacterial dispersal and diversity in outdoor air that will benefit from continued technological advances. These include determining spatial and temporal patterns of aerosol dispersal, identifying the links between detection, concentration and viability of bacterial pathogens and disease incidence, and documenting the composition and regional movement of bacterial species in air. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kuske, CR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kuske@lanl.gov NR 36 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 16 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 17 IS 3 BP 291 EP 296 DI 10.1016/j.copbio.2006.04.001 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 061BN UT WOS:000238846300011 PM 16631363 ER PT J AU Mielenz, JR AF Mielenz, Jonathan R. TI Bioenergy for ethanol and beyond SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mielenz, JR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mielenzjr@ornl.gov NR 1 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 17 IS 3 BP 303 EP 304 DI 10.1016/j.copbio.2006.05.009 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 061BN UT WOS:000238846300013 ER PT J AU Merzlyak, A Lee, SW AF Merzlyak, A Lee, SW TI Phage as templates for hybrid materials and mediators for nanomaterial synthesis SO CURRENT OPINION IN CHEMICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID GENETICALLY-ENGINEERED VIRUSES; BINDING-SPECIFICITY; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOWIRES; PEPTIDES; PROTEIN; NANOPARTICLES; BIOMATERIALS; FABRICATION; NANOFIBERS AB Genetic engineering of phage provides unprecedented opportunities to build novel nanomaterials by integrating biology, chemistry and materials science principles. By mimicking the evolution process in nature, the phage is used as an information-mining tool to identify specific peptide information that can recognize desired materials at the molecular level. The unique recognition peptides of the phage can direct peptide-mediated mineralization processes to grow many useful nanometer-scale electronic and medical materials. The monodispersity and long rod shape of the phage, bearing specific recognition motifs, enable the organization of various nanomaterials into periodically ordered hierarchical structures that could be useful for electronic, optical and biotechnological applications. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Phys Biosci Div,UCSF, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab,Berkeley Nanosci & Nan, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. UCB, Joint Grad Grp Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lee, SW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Phys Biosci Div,UCSF, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab,Berkeley Nanosci & Nan, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM leesw@berkeley.edu NR 45 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 28 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1367-5931 J9 CURR OPIN CHEM BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 10 IS 3 BP 246 EP 252 DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.04.008 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 060ID UT WOS:000238795000010 PM 16678469 ER PT J AU Antos, JM Francis, MB AF Antos, JM Francis, MB TI Transition metal catalyzed methods for site-selective protein modification SO CURRENT OPINION IN CHEMICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID OXIDATIVE CROSS-LINKING; COPPER(I)-CATALYZED AZIDE-ALKYNE; AMINO-ACIDS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CYCLOADDITION; COMPLEXES; BIOCONJUGATION; ALKYLATION; CHEMISTRY; CARBOHYDRATE AB The broad utility of protein bioconjugates has created a need for new and diverse strategies for site-selective protein modification. In particular, chemical reactions that target alternative amino acid side chains or unnatural functional groups are emerging as a valuable complement to more commonly used lysine- and cysteine-based strategies. Considering their widespread use in organic synthesis, reactions catalyzed by transition metals could provide a particularly powerful set of transformations for the continued expansion of the bioconjugation toolkit. Recent efforts to apply transition metal catalysis to protein modification have resulted in new methods for protein cross-linking, tryptophan modification, tyrosine modification, reductive amination of protein amines, and unnatural amino acid labeling. These strategies have substantially expanded the synthetic flexibility of protein modification, and thus the range of applications for which bioconjugates; can be used in chemical biology and materials science. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Francis, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM francis@cchem.berkeley.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM072700] NR 50 TC 128 Z9 128 U1 13 U2 55 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1367-5931 J9 CURR OPIN CHEM BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 10 IS 3 BP 253 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.04.609 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 060ID UT WOS:000238795000011 PM 16698310 ER PT J AU Brinker, CJ Dunphy, DR AF Brinker, C. Jeffrey Dunphy, Daffen R. TI Morphological control of surfactant-templated metal oxide films SO CURRENT OPINION IN COLLOID & INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID ORDERED MESOPOROUS MATERIALS; POROUS ALUMINA MEMBRANE; TITANIA THIN-FILMS; SILICA MESOPHASES; ARRAYS; FIELD; NANOCOMPOSITE; NANOPARTICLES; ORIENTATION; ROBUST AB We discuss here recent developments of note in the synthesis of self-assembled surfactant-mesophase templated films using a sol-gel route. First, the formation of metal oxide (non-silica) films using this method has become a highly active area of research, with careful studies unlocking the key processing parameters needed to successfully synthesize these materials. Also, the control of pore orientation in these self-assembled materials using confinement or surface modification has also become extremely important. Finally, we identify research directions we believe will yield important new advances in this area of materials science/chemistry. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Univ New Mexico, NSF Ctr Microengineered Mat, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Brinker, CJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, 1001 Univ Blvd SE Suite 100, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM cjbrink@sandia.gov; drdunph@sandia.gov NR 49 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 4 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1359-0294 EI 1879-0399 J9 CURR OPIN COLLOID IN JI Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 11 IS 2-3 BP 126 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.cocis.2005.10.006 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 064IQ UT WOS:000239082800004 ER PT J AU Brown, MA Sovacool, BK Hirsh, RF AF Brown, Marilyn A. Sovacool, Benjamin K. Hirsh, Richard F. TI Assessing US energy policy SO DAEDALUS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Brown, MA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. OI Sovacool, Benjamin/0000-0002-4794-9403 NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN STREET, STE 500, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142-1046 USA SN 0011-5266 J9 DAEDALUS-US JI Daedalus PD SUM PY 2006 VL 135 IS 3 BP 5 EP 11 DI 10.1162/daed.2006.135.3.5 PG 7 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 068EI UT WOS:000239354900001 ER PT J AU McDowell, NG Adams, HD Bailey, JD Hess, M Kolb, TE AF McDowell, NG Adams, HD Bailey, JD Hess, M Kolb, TE TI Homeostatic maintenance of ponderosa pine gas exchange in response to stand density changes SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE Arizona; carbon isotope discrimination; ecological restoration; leaf area; sapwood area ratio; photosynthesis; Pinus ponderosa; productivity; stomatal conductance ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; SAPWOOD AREA RATIO; DOUGLAS-FIR TREES; BURNING RESTORATION TREATMENTS; PEARSON-NATURAL-AREA; LEAF-AREA; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; WATER RELATIONS; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; LODGEPOLE PINE AB Homeostatic maintenance of gas exchange optimizes carbon gain per water loss. Homeostasis is regulated by short-term physiological and long-term structural mechanisms, both of which may respond to changes in resource availability associated with competition. Therefore, stand density regulation via silvicultural manipulations may facilitate growth and survival through mechanisms operating at both short and long timescales. We investigated the responses of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) to stand basal area manipulations in Arizona, USA. Stand basal area was manipulated to seven replicated levels in 1962 and was maintained for four decades by decadal thinning. We measured basal area increment (BAI) to assess the response and sustainability of wood growth, carbon isotope discrimination (A) inferred from annual rings to assess the response of crown gas exchange, and ratios of leaf area to sapwood area (A,:As) to assess longer term structural acclimation. Basal area treatments increased soil water potential (r(2) = 0.99) but did not affect photosynthetic capacity. BAI increased within two years of thinning, and the 40-year mean BAI was negatively correlated with stand basal area (r(2) = 0.98). A was negatively correlated with stand basal area for years 5 through 12 after thinning (r(2) = 0.90). However, A was relatively invariant with basal area for the period 13-40 years after initial thinning despite maintenance of treatment basal areas via repeated decadal thinnings. Independent gas exchange measurements verified that the ratio of photosynthesis to stomatal conductance was invariant with basal area, but absolute values of both were elevated at lower basal areas. AI:A, was negatively correlated with basal area (r(2) = 0.93). We hypothesize that increased AI:A, is a homeostatic response to increased water availability that maximizes water-use efficiency and whole-tree carbon uptake. Elevated AI:As of trees at low basal areas was associated with greater resilience to climate, i.e., greater absolute BAI during drought; however, trees with high AI:A, in low basal area stands also exhibited the greatest sensitivity to drought, i.e., greater relative decline in BAI. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP McDowell, NG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, MS J495, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mcdowell@lanl.gov RI Adams, Henry/A-8742-2010 OI Adams, Henry/0000-0002-6403-5304 NR 123 TC 90 Z9 92 U1 7 U2 48 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 3 BP 1164 EP 1182 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[1164:HMOPPG]2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 055LF UT WOS:000238451500027 PM 16827010 ER PT J AU Fleisch, MC Maxwell, CA Barcellos-Hoff, MH AF Fleisch, MC Maxwell, CA Barcellos-Hoff, MH TI The pleiotropic roles of transforming growth factor beta in homeostasis and carcinogenesis of endocrine organs SO ENDOCRINE-RELATED CANCER LA English DT Review ID HUMAN BREAST-CANCER; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; HUMAN PROSTATE-CANCER; INTEGRIN-LINKED KINASE; RAT VENTRAL PROSTATE; C-MYC REPRESSION; TGF-BETA; DNA-DAMAGE; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR AB Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is a ubiquitous cytokine that plays a critical role in numerous pathways regulating cellular and tissue homeostasis. TGF-beta is regulated by hormones and is a primary mediator of hormone response in uterus, prostate and mammary glands. This review will address the role of TGF-beta in regulating hormone-dependent proliferation and morphogenesis. The subversion of TGF-beta regulation during the processes of carcinogenesis, with particular emphasis on its effects on genetic stability and epithelial to mesenchymal transition, will also be examined. An understanding of the multiple and complex mechanisms of TGF-beta regulation of epithelial function, and the ultimate loss of TGF-beta function during carcinogenesis, will be critical in the design of novel therapeutic interventions for endocrine-related cancers. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Barcellos-Hoff, MH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 977-225A, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MHBarcellos-Hoff@lbl.gov RI Maxwell, Christopher/B-3044-2011; Fleisch, Markus/E-4134-2014 OI Maxwell, Christopher/0000-0002-0860-4031; Fleisch, Markus/0000-0002-8966-4721 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [U01 ES012801] NR 209 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC ENDOCRINOLOGY PI BRISTOL PA 22 APEX COURT, WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 1351-0088 J9 ENDOCR-RELAT CANCER JI Endocr.-Relat. Cancer PD JUN PY 2006 VL 13 IS 2 BP 379 EP 400 DI 10.1677/erc.1.01112 PG 22 WC Oncology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Oncology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 053OY UT WOS:000238315700007 PM 16728569 ER PT J AU Koutsourelakis, PS Kuntiyawichai, K Schueller, GI AF Koutsourelakis, PS Kuntiyawichai, K Schueller, GI TI Effect of material uncertainties on fatigue life calculations of aircraft fuselages: A cohesive element model SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE fatigue; cohesive elements; uncertainties; reliability ID CRACK-GROWTH; DISCONTINUOUS ENRICHMENT; MULTIPLE-SITE; ZONE MODEL; PROPAGATION; DAMAGE; SIMULATIONS; NUCLEATION; CONTINUUM AB The present paper deals with the effect of uncertainties on the prediction of fatigue failure of aerospace and mechanical components. Typically the design of such structures has been based on costly experiments or modified versions of Paris' law which are applicable to very restricted range of conditions. The present formulation employs cohesive zone elements in order to resolve the fractured zone in combination with an extrapolation scheme that makes the analysis over hundred of thousands of cycles computationally efficient. The effect of randomness in the cohesive strength is examined with respect to the total lifetime of the specimen. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Elect Engn Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Innsbruck, Inst Engn Mech, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Koutsourelakis, PS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Elect Engn Technol Div, L-227,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM koutsourelakis2@llnl.gov OI Koutsourelakis, Phaedon-Stelios/0000-0002-9345-759X NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 EI 1873-7315 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 9 BP 1202 EP 1219 DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2006.01.003 PG 18 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 033GH UT WOS:000236834500005 ER PT J AU Paul, S Gros, L Laval, J Sutherland, BM AF Paul, Sunirmal Gros, Laurent Laval, Jacques Sutherland, Betsy M. TI Expression of the E-coli fpq protein in CHO cells lowers endogenous OxyPurine clustered damage levels and decreases accumulation of endogenous Hprt mutations SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE DNA damage; clustered damages; oxidized purines; fpg protein; DNA repair ID BASE EXCISION-REPAIR; FORMAMIDOPYRIMIDINE DNA GLYCOSYLASE; DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; HUMAN LUNG-CELLS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; IONIZING-RADIATION; IN-VITRO; HEMATOPOIETIC-CELLS; AP-ENDONUCLEASE; MUTAGENICITY AB Endogenous DNA damage clusters-two or more oxidized bases, abasic sites, or strand breaks within about 20 base pairs on opposing strands - can accumulate in unirradiated mammalian cells, and may be significant origins of spontaneous detrimental biological effects. Factors determining the levels of such endogenous clusters are largely unknown. To determine if cellular repair genotype can affect endogenous cluster levels in mammalian cells, the authors examined cluster levels, growth rates, and mutant frequencies in Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the Escherichia coli glycosylase fpg protein, whose principal substrates are oxidized purines. In cells expressing high levels of fpg protein, the levels of oxypurine clustered damages were decreased while those of oxypyrimidine clusters and abasic clusters were unchanged. Furthermore, in these cells, the growth rates were increased and the level of spontaneous background mutants in the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase gene was decreased. These results suggest that endogenous clusters are potentially detrimental DNA damages, and that their levels-as well as the detrimental consequences of their presence-can be effectively reduced by increased cellular activity of specific DNA repair proteins. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst Gustave Roussy, CNRS, UMR 8126, Grp Reparat ADN, F-94805 Villejuif, France. RP Sutherland, BM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM bms@bnl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA 86897] NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 47 IS 5 BP 311 EP 319 DI 10.1002/em.20208 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 053AU UT WOS:000238276700001 PM 16518838 ER PT J AU Cada, G Loar, J Garrison, L Fisher, R Neitzel, D AF Cada, G Loar, J Garrison, L Fisher, R Neitzel, D TI Efforts to reduce mortality to hydroelectric turbine-passed fish: Locating and quantifying damaging shear stresses SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE hydroelectric turbine; fish; fluid stresses; mortality ID SURVIVAL AB Severe fluid forces are believed to be a source of injury and mortality to fish that pass through hydroelectric turbines. A process is described by which laboratory bioassays, computational fluid dynamics models, and field studies can be integrated to evaluate the significance of fluid shear stresses that occur in a turbine. Areas containing potentially lethal shear stresses were identified near the stay vanes and wicket gates, runner, and in the draft tube of a large Kaplan turbine. However, under typical operating conditions, computational models estimated that these dangerous areas comprise less than 2% of the flow path through the modeled turbine. The predicted volumes of the damaging shear stress zones did not correlate well with observed fish mortality at a field installation of this turbine, which ranged from less than 1% to nearly 12%. Possible reasons for the poor correlation are discussed. Computational modeling is necessary to develop an understanding of the role of particular fish injury mechanisms, to compare their effects with those of other sources of injury, and to minimize the trial and error previously needed to mitigate those effects. The process we describe is being used to modify the design of hydroelectric turbines to improve fish passage survival. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. York Coll Penn, York, PA 17405 USA. Voith Siemens Hydro Power Generat Inc, York, PA 17404 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Cada, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM cadagf@ornl.gov NR 24 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 37 IS 6 BP 898 EP 906 DI 10.1007/s00267-005-0061-1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 035AU UT WOS:000236972900012 PM 16485161 ER PT J AU Powell, BA Duff, MC Kaplan, DI Fjeld, RA Newville, M Hunter, DB Bertsch, PM Coates, JT Eng, P Rivers, ML Sutton, SR Triay, IR Vaniman, DT AF Powell, Brian A. Duff, Martine C. Kaplan, Daniel I. Fjeld, Robert A. Newville, Matthew Hunter, Douglas B. Bertsch, Paul M. Coates, John T. Eng, Peter Rivers, Mark L. Sutton, Steven R. Triay, Ines R. Vaniman, David T. TI Plutonium oxidation and subsequent reduction by Mn(IV) minerals in Yucca Mountain tuff SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-WATERS; IRISH-SEA; ADSORPTION; SPECIATION; MANGANESE; STATES; CHEMISTRY; PU; ENVIRONMENT; BIRNESSITE AB Plutonium oxidation state distribution on Yucca Mountain tuff and synthetic pyrolusite (beta-MnO2) suspensions was measured using synchrotron X-ray micro-spectroscopy and microimaging techniques as well as ultrafiltration/solvent-extraction techniques. Plutonium sorbed to the tuff was preferentially associated with manganese oxides. For both Yucca Mountain tuff and synthetic pyrolusite, Pu(IV) or Pu(V) was initially oxidized to more mobile Pu(V/VI), but over time, the less mobile Pu(IV) became the predominant oxidation state of the sorbed Pu. The observed stability of Pu(IV) on oxidizing surfaces (e.g., pyrolusite), is proposed to be due to the formation of a stable hydrolyzed Pu(IV) surface species. These findings have important implications in estimating the risk associated with the geological burial of radiological waste in areas containing Mn-bearing minerals, such as at the Yucca Mountain or the Hanford Sites, because plutonium will be predominantly in a much less mobile oxidation state (i.e., Pu(IV)) than previously suggested (i.e., Pu(V/VI)). C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Anderson, SC 29630 USA. Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Wate Isolat Pilot Plant, Carlsbad, NM 88221 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Powell, BA (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Anderson, SC 29630 USA. EM powell37@llnl.gov RI Powell, Brian /C-7640-2011 OI Powell, Brian /0000-0003-0423-0180 NR 45 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 8 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 11 BP 3508 EP 3514 DI 10.1021/es052353+ PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 048AY UT WOS:000237921200018 PM 16786687 ER PT J AU Dentener, F Stevenson, D Ellingsen, K van Noije, T Schultz, M Amann, M Atherton, C Bell, N Bergmann, D Bey, I Bouwman, L Butler, T Cofala, J Collins, B Drevet, J Doherty, R Eickhout, B Eskes, H Fiore, A Gauss, M Hauglustaine, D Horowitz, L Isaksen, ISA Josse, B Lawrence, M Krol, M Lamarque, JF Montanaro, V Muller, JF Peuch, VH Pitari, G Pyle, J Rast, S Rodriguez, J Sanderson, M Savage, NH Shindell, D Strahan, S Szopa, S Sudo, K Van Dingenen, R Wild, O Zeng, G AF Dentener, F. Stevenson, D. Ellingsen, K. van Noije, T. Schultz, M. Amann, M. Atherton, C. Bell, N. Bergmann, D. Bey, I. Bouwman, L. Butler, T. Cofala, J. Collins, B. Drevet, J. Doherty, R. Eickhout, B. Eskes, H. Fiore, A. Gauss, M. Hauglustaine, D. Horowitz, L. Isaksen, I. S. A. Josse, B. Lawrence, M. Krol, M. Lamarque, J. F. Montanaro, V. Muller, J. F. Peuch, V. H. Pitari, G. Pyle, J. Rast, S. Rodriguez, J. Sanderson, M. Savage, N. H. Shindell, D. Strahan, S. Szopa, S. Sudo, K. Van Dingenen, R. Wild, O. Zeng, G. TI The global atmospheric environment for the next generation SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN DEPOSITION; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; SURFACE OZONE; IMPACT; AFRICA AB Air quality, ecosystem exposure to nitrogen deposition, and climate change are intimately coupled problems: we assess changes in the global atmospheric environment between 2000 and 2030 using 26 state-of-the-art global atmospheric chemistry models and three different emissions scenarios. The first (CLE) scenario reflects implementation of current air quality legislation around the world, while the second (MFR) represents a more optimistic case in which all currently feasible technologies are applied to achieve maximum emission reductions. We contrast these scenarios with the more pessimistic IPCC SRES A2 scenario. Ensemble simulations for the year 2000 are consistent among models and show a reasonable agreement with surface ozone, wet deposition, and NO2 satellite observations. Large parts of the world are currently exposed to high ozone concentrations and high deposition of nitrogen to ecosystems. By 2030, global surface ozone is calculated to increase globally by 1.5 +/- 1.2 ppb (CLE) and 4.3 +/- 2.2 ppb (A2), using the ensemble mean model results and associated +/- 1 sigma standard deviations. Only the progressive MFR scenario will reduce ozone, by -2.3 +/- 1.1 ppb. Climate change is expected to modify surface ozone by -0.8 +/- 0.6 ppb, with larger decreases over sea than over land. Radiative forcing by ozone increases by 63 +/- 15 and 155 +/- 37 mW m(-2) for CLE and A2, respectively, and decreases by -45 +/- 15 mW m(-2) for MFR. We compute that at present 10.1% of the global natural terrestrial ecosystems are exposed to nitrogen deposition above a critical load of 1 g N m(-2) yr(-1). These percentages increase by 2030 to 15.8% (CLE), 10.5% (MFR), and 25% (A2). This study shows the importance of enforcing current worldwide air quality legislation and the major benefits of going further. Nonattainment of these air quality policy objectives, such as expressed by the SRES-A2 scenario, would further degrade the global atmospheric environment. C1 Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway. Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy, RIVM, MNP, Bilthoven, Netherlands. Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. JAMSTEC, Frontier Res Ctr Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. Belgian Inst Space Aeron, Brussels, Belgium. CEA, CNRS, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA USA. Meteo France, CNRM, GMGEC, CATS, Toulouse, France. Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO USA. Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. Univ Cambridge, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge, England. Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Fis, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Dentener, F (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Via E Fermi 1, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. EM frank.dentener@jrc.it RI Krol, Maarten/E-3414-2013; Peuch, Vincent-Henri/A-7308-2008; Wild, Oliver/A-4909-2009; Collins, William/A-5895-2010; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Krol, Maarten/B-3597-2010; Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Butler, Tim/G-1139-2011; Stevenson, David/C-8089-2012; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Strahan, Susan/H-1965-2012; Magana, Felipe/B-6966-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Unger, Nadine/M-9360-2015; Pitari, Giovanni/O-7458-2016; Schultz, Martin/I-9512-2012; OI Wild, Oliver/0000-0002-6227-7035; Collins, William/0000-0002-7419-0850; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; Stevenson, David/0000-0002-4745-5673; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578; Schultz, Martin/0000-0003-3455-774X; Savage, Nicholas/0000-0001-9391-5100; Bouwman, Lex/0000-0002-2045-1859 NR 21 TC 199 Z9 203 U1 10 U2 91 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 11 BP 3586 EP 3594 DI 10.1021/es0523845 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 048AY UT WOS:000237921200029 PM 16786698 ER PT J AU Glaudas, X Winne, CT Fedewa, LA AF Glaudas, X Winne, CT Fedewa, LA TI Ontogeny of anti-predator behavioral habituation in cottonmouths (Agkistrodon piscivorus) SO ETHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOR; GARTER SNAKE; THAMNOPHIS; RESPONSES; RATTLESNAKES; EVOLUTION; HUMANS; FROG AB Few studies of venomous snakes have addressed how anti-predator behavior may be affected by experience with a potential predator. Because defensive strikes may be costly to snakes, individuals with the ability to learn to discriminate among potentially harmful and non-harmful predatory stimuli should be favored by natural selection. In large venomous snakes, adults are capable of successfully defending themselves against most potential predators, whereas neonates suffer higher predator-induced mortality and are faced with a large diversity of predators. Consequently, we hypothesized that the relative costs of habituation to potential predatory stimuli should vary ontogenetically. This hypothesis predicts that adults should habituate rapidly to non-harmful predatory stimuli, whereas neonates should consistently employ active defensive displays (e.g. striking) because they are at higher risk. To test this prediction, we examined daily changes in the defensive behavior of adult and neonate cottonmouths (Agkistrodon piscivorus) towards a standardized non-harmful predatory stimulus. As predicted, adults and neonates differed in their tendencies to habituate: adults decreased defensiveness over days while neonates did not. Adults showed habituation of striking components but not of warning displays. Our results support the hypothesis that there may be ontogenetic differences in predator perception. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Biol Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. Partners Amphibian & Reptile Conservat, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Glaudas, X (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Biol Sci, 4505 Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM glaudasx@unlv.nevada.edu OI Glaudas, Xavier/0000-0002-1333-7791 NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0179-1613 J9 ETHOLOGY JI Ethology PD JUN PY 2006 VL 112 IS 6 BP 608 EP 615 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2005.01183.x PG 8 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 044SM UT WOS:000237692700011 ER PT J AU Leppanen, AP Uusitalo, J Greenlees, PT Herzberg, RD Amzal, N Becker, F Butler, PA Chewter, AJC Cocks, JFC Dorvaux, O Eeckhaudt, S Eskola, K Gerl, J Grahn, T Hammond, NJ Hauschild, K Helariutta, K Hesserger, FP Houry, M Jones, GD Jones, PM Julin, R Juutinen, S Kankaanpaa, H Kettunen, H Khoo, TL Korten, W Kuusiniemi, P Le Coz, Y Leino, M Lister, CJ Lucas, R Muikku, M Nieminen, P Nyman, M Page, RD Pakarinen, J Rahkila, P Reiter, P Saren, J Schlegel, C Scholey, C Stezowski, O Theisen, C Trzaska, WH Wollersheim, HJ AF Leppanen, A. -P. Uusitalo, J. Greenlees, P. T. Herzberg, R. -D. Amzal, N. Becker, F. Butler, P. A. Chewter, A. J. C. Cocks, J. F. C. Dorvaux, O. Eeckhaudt, S. Eskola, K. Gerl, J. Grahn, T. Hammond, N. J. Hauschild, K. Helariutta, K. Hesserger, F. P. Houry, M. Jones, G. D. Jones, P. M. Julin, R. Juutinen, S. Kankaanpaa, H. Kettunen, H. Khoo, T. L. Korten, W. Kuusiniemi, P. Le Coz, Y. Leino, M. Lister, C. J. Lucas, R. Muikku, M. Nieminen, P. Nyman, M. Page, R. D. Pakarinen, J. Rahkila, P. Reiter, P. Saren, J. Schlegel, Ch. Scholey, C. Stezowski, O. Theisen, Ch. Trzaska, W. H. Wollersheim, H. J. TI Recoil-fission tagging of the transfermium nucleus No-252 SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID DECAY PROPERTIES; CROSS-SECTIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; ELEMENTS AB An in-beam study of the transfermium nucleus No-252 has been performed using the JUROSPHERE II array of germanium detectors coupled to the gas-filled recoil separator RITU. A new technique of recoil-fission tagging was used to extract tagged gamma-ray data. Having significant spontaneous fission and alpha-decay branches, No-252 is an ideal candidate for a comparative study. In a similar manner to alpha-decay tagging the fission events can be used to obtain gamma-ray data. The recoil-fission tagged gamma-ray spectrum showed a similar structure to the alpha-decay tagged gamma-ray spectrum. By comparing the alpha-tagged and fission-tagged spectra and decay curves, it was shown that the spontaneous fission originates from the same initial state as the alpha decay. This extension of the tagging method allows in-beam spectroscopic data to be obtained from heavy nuclei with significant spontaneous-fission branches. C1 Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, FIN-40351 Jyvaskyla, Finland. Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, SPhN, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64220 Darmstadt, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Munich, D-80539 Munich, Germany. IPNL, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. RP Leppanen, AP (reprint author), STUK Radiat & Nucl Safety Author, No Finland Reg Lab, Rovaniemi, Finland. EM leppanen@phys.jyu.fi; juha.uusitalo@phys.jyu.fi RI Gerl, Juergen/A-3255-2011; Hauschild, Karl/A-6726-2009; Pakarinen, Janne/F-6695-2010; Herzberg, Rolf-Dietmar/E-1558-2011; Houry, Michael/G-8021-2011; KORTEN, Wolfram/H-3043-2013; Scholey, Catherine/G-2720-2014; THEISEN, Christophe/A-9343-2015; OI Pakarinen, Janne/0000-0001-8944-8757; Scholey, Catherine/0000-0002-8743-6071; THEISEN, Christophe/0000-0002-8509-1022; Hammond, Neil/0000-0001-6390-8874; KORTEN, Wolfram/0000-0002-3940-0816; Butler, Peter/0000-0001-6080-9205; Helariutta, Kerttuli/0000-0002-4143-912X NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD JUN PY 2006 VL 28 IS 3 BP 301 EP 306 DI 10.1140/epja/i2006-10056-2 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 067KN UT WOS:000239301200007 ER PT J AU Ercsey-Ravasz, M Roska, T Neda, Z AF Ercsey-Ravasz, M Roska, T Neda, Z TI Stochastic simulations on the cellular wave computers SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL B LA English DT Article ID PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS; NEURAL NETWORKS; NONLINEAR-WAVES; CNN; DYNAMICS; IMAGE AB The computational paradigm represented by Cellular Neural/nonlinear Networks (CNN) and the CNN Universal Machine (CNN-UM) as a Cellular Wave Computer, gives new perspectives for computational physics. Many numerical problems and simulations can be elegantly addressed on this fully parallelized and analogic architecture. Here we study the possibility of performing stochastic simulations on this chip. First a realistic random number generator is implemented on the CNN-UM, and then as an example the two-dimensional Ising model is studied by Monte Carlo type simulations. The results obtained on an experimental version of the CNN-UM with 128 x 128 cells are in good agreement with the results obtained on digital computers. Computational time measurements suggest that the developing trend of the CNN-UM chips - increasing the lattice size and the number of local logic memories - will assure an important advantage for the CNN-UM in the near future. C1 Pazmany Peter Catholic Univ, Dept Informat Technol, HU-1083 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Babes Bolyai, Dept Phys, Cluj Napoca 400084, Romania. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ercsey-Ravasz, M (reprint author), Pazmany Peter Catholic Univ, Dept Informat Technol, HU-1083 Budapest, Hungary. EM zneda@phys.ubbcluj.ro RI Neda, Zoltan/C-3754-2011; Ercsey Ravasz, Maria/E-2098-2017 OI Ercsey Ravasz, Maria/0000-0003-4428-9953 NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6028 J9 EUR PHYS J B JI Eur. Phys. J. B PD JUN PY 2006 VL 51 IS 3 BP 407 EP 411 DI 10.1140/epjb/e2006-00244-4 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 056DZ UT WOS:000238502800014 ER PT J AU Adam, W Bergauer, T Deldicque, C Ero, J Fruehwirth, R Jeitler, M Kastner, K Kostner, S Neumeister, N Padrta, M Porth, P Rohringer, H Sakulin, H Strauss, J Taurok, A Walzel, G Wulz, CE Lowette, S De Vyver, BV De Lentdecker, G Vanlaer, P Delaere, C Lemaitre, V Ninane, A Van der Aa, O Damgov, J Karimaki, V Kinnunen, R Lampen, T Lassila-Perini, K Lehti, S Nysten, J Tuominiemi, J Busson, P Todorov, T Schwering, G Gras, P Daskalakis, G Sfyrla, A Barone, M Geralis, T Markou, C Zachariadou, K Hidas, P Banerjee, S Mazumdar, K Banerjee, S Abbrescia, M Colaleo, A D'Amato, N De Filippis, N Giordano, D Loddo, F Maggi, M Silvestris, L Zito, G Arcelli, S Bonacorsi, D Capiluppi, P Dallavalle, GM Fanfani, A Grandi, C Marcellini, S Montanari, A Odorici, F Travaglini, R Costa, S Tricomi, A Ciulli, V Magini, N Ranieri, R Berti, L Biasotto, M Gulmini, M Maron, G Toniolo, N Zangrandoo, L Bellato, M Gasparini, U Lacaprara, S Parenti, A Passaseo, M Ronchese, P Vanini, S Ventura, S Zotto, PL Benedetti, D Biasini, M Fano, L Servoli, L Bagliesi, G Boccali, T Dutta, S Gennai, S Giassi, A Palla, F Segneri, G Starodumov, A Tenchini, R Meridiani, P Organtini, G Amapane, N Bertolino, F Cirio, R Kim, JY Lim, IT Pac, MY Joo, KK Kim, SB Choi, YI Yu, IT Choo, K Chung, J Ham, SW Kim, DH Kim, GN Kim, W Kim, JC Oh, SK Park, H Ro, SR Son, DC Suh, JS Aftab, Z Hoorani, H Osman, A Bunkowski, K Cwiok, M Dominik, W Doroba, K Kazana, M Krolikowski, J Kudla, I Pietrusinski, M Pozniak, K Zabolotny, W Zalipska, J Zych, P Goscilo, L Gorski, M Wrochna, G Zalewski, P Alemany-Fernandez, R Almeida, C Almeida, N Da Silva, JC Santos, I Teixeira, I Teixeira, JP Varela, J Cardoso, NV Golutvin, I Konoplyanikov, V Shmatov, S Shulga, S Zarubin, A Gninenko, S Krasnikov, N Matveev, V Toropin, A Gavrilov, V Kolosov, V Krokhotin, A Oulianov, A Stepanov, N Rusakov, SV Kodolova, OL Sarycheva, L Vardanyan, I Kachanov, V Krychkine, V Slabospitski, S Tyurin, N Ilic, J Skoro, G Albajar, C de Troconiz, JF Calderon, A Virto, MAL Marco, R Rivero, CM Matorras, F Vila, I Cucciarelli, S Konecki, M Ashby, S Barney, D Bartalini, P Benetta, R Brigljevic, V Bruno, G Cano, E Cittolin, S Della Negra, M De Roeck, A Favre, P Frey, A Funk, W Futyan, D Gigi, D Glege, F Gutleber, J Hansen, M Innocente, V Jacobs, C Jank, W Kozlovszky, M Larsen, H Lenzi, M Magrans, I Mannelli, M Meijers, F Meschi, E Mirabito, L Murray, SJ Oh, A Orsini, L Espiga, CP Pollet, L Racz, A Reynaud, S Samyn, D Scharff-Hansen, P Schwick, C Sguazzoni, G Sinanis, N Sphicas, P Spiropulu, M Strandlie, A Taylor, BG Van Vulpen, I Wellisch, JP Winkler, M Kotlinski, D Prokofiev, K Speer, T Dumanoglu, I Bailey, DS Brooke, JJ Cussans, D Heath, GP Machin, D Nash, SJ Newbold, DM Probert, MG Coughlan, JA Halsall, R Haynes, WJ Tomalin, IR Marinelli, N Nikitenko, A Rutherford, S Seez, C Sharif, O Antchev, G Hazen, E Rohlf, J Wu, S Breedon, R Cox, PT Murray, P Tripathi, M Cousins, R Erhan, S Hauser, J Kreuzer, P Lindgren, M Mumford, J Schlein, P Shi, Y Tannenbaum, B Valuev, V Von Der Mey, M Andreeva, I Clare, R Villa, S Bhattacharya, S Branson, JG Fisk, I Letts, J Mojaver, M Paar, HP Trepagnier, E Litvine, V Shevchenko, S Singh, S Wilkinson, R Aziz, S Bowden, M Elias, JE Graham, G Green, D Litmaath, M Los, S O'De, V Ratnikova, N Suzuki, I Wenze, H Acosta'o, D Bourilkov, D Korytov, A Madorsky, A Mitselmakher, G Rodriguez, JL Scurlock, B Stoeck, H Abdullin, S Baden, D Eno, SC Grassi, T Kunori, S Pavlon, S Sumorok, K Tether, S Cremaldi, LM Sanders, D Summers, D Osborne, I Taylor, L Tuura, L Fisher, WC Mans, J Stickland, D Tully, C Wildish, T Wynhoff, S Padley, BP Chumney, P Dasu, S Smith, WH AF Adam, W. Bergauer, T. Deldicque, C. Ero, J. Fruehwirth, R. Jeitler, M. Kastner, K. Kostner, S. Neumeister, N. Padrta, M. Porth, P. Rohringer, H. Sakulin, H. Strauss, J. Taurok, A. Walzel, G. Wulz, C. -E. Lowette, S. De Vyver, B. Van De Lentdecker, G. Vanlaer, P. Delaere, C. Lemaitre, V. Ninane, A. Van der Aa, O. Damgov, J. Karimaki, V. Kinnunen, R. Lampen, T. Lassila-Perini, K. Lehti, S. Nysten, J. Tuominiemi, J. Busson, P. Todorov, T. Schwering, G. Gras, P. Daskalakis, G. Sfyrla, A. Barone, M. Geralis, T. Markou, C. Zachariadou, K. Hidas, P. Banerjee, S. Mazumdar, K. Banerjee, S. Abbrescia, M. Colaleo, A. D'Amato, N. De Filippis, N. Giordano, D. Loddo, F. Maggi, M. Silvestris, L. Zito, G. Arcelli, S. Bonacorsi, D. Capiluppi, P. Dallavalle, G. M. Fanfani, A. Grandi, C. Marcellini, S. Montanari, A. Odorici, F. Travaglini, R. Costa, S. Tricomi, A. Ciulli, V. Magini, N. Ranieri, R. Berti, L. Biasotto, M. Gulmini, M. Maron, G. Toniolo, N. Zangrandoo, L. Bellato, M. Gasparini, U. Lacaprara, S. Parenti, A. Passaseo, M. Ronchese, P. Vanini, S. Ventura, S. Zotto, P. L. Benedetti, D. Biasini, M. Fano, L. Servoli, L. Bagliesi, G. Boccali, T. Dutta, S. Gennai, S. Giassi, A. Palla, F. Segneri, G. Starodumov, A. Tenchini, R. Meridiani, P. Organtini, G. Amapane, N. Bertolino, F. Cirio, R. Kim, J. Y. Lim, I. T. Pac, M. Y. Joo, K. K. Kim, S. B. Choi, Y. I. Yu, I. T. Choo, K. Chung, J. Ham, S. W. Kim, D. H. Kim, G. N. Kim, W. Kim, J. C. Oh, S. K. Park, H. Ro, S. R. Son, D. C. Suh, J. S. Aftab, Z. Hoorani, H. Osman, A. Bunkowski, K. Cwiok, M. Dominik, W. Doroba, K. Kazana, M. Krolikowski, J. Kudla, I. Pietrusinski, M. Pozniak, K. Zabolotny, W. Zalipska, J. Zych, P. Goscilo, L. Gorski, M. Wrochna, G. Zalewski, P. Alemany-Fernandez, R. Almeida, C. Almeida, N. Da Silva, J. C. Santos, I. Teixeira, I. Teixeira, J. P. Varela, J. Cardoso, N. Vaz Golutvin, I. Konoplyanikov, V. Shmatov, S. Shulga, S. Zarubin, A. Gninenko, S. Krasnikov, N. Matveev, V. Toropin, A. Gavrilov, V. Kolosov, V. Krokhotin, A. Oulianov, A. Stepanov, N. Rusakov, S. V. Kodolova, O. L. Sarycheva, L. Vardanyan, I. Kachanov, V. Krychkine, V. Slabospitski, S. Tyurin, N. Ilic, J. Skoro, G. Albajar, C. de Troconiz, J. F. Calderon, A. Virto, M. A. Lopez Marco, R. Rivero, C. Martinez Matorras, F. Vila, I. Cucciarelli, S. Konecki, M. Ashby, S. Barney, D. Bartalini, P. Benetta, R. Brigljevic, V. Bruno, G. Cano, E. Cittolin, S. Della Negra, M. De Roeck, A. Favre, P. Frey, A. Funk, W. Futyan, D. Gigi, D. Glege, F. Gutleber, J. Hansen, M. Innocente, V. Jacobs, C. Jank, W. Kozlovszky, M. Larsen, H. Lenzi, M. Magrans, I. Mannelli, M. Meijers, F. Meschi, E. Mirabito, L. Murray, S. J. Oh, A. Orsini, L. Espiga, C. Palomares Pollet, L. Racz, A. Reynaud, S. Samyn, D. Scharff-Hansen, P. Schwick, C. Sguazzoni, G. Sinanis, N. Sphicas, P. Spiropulu, M. Strandlie, A. Taylor, B. G. Van Vulpen, I. Wellisch, J. P. Winkler, M. Kotlinski, D. Prokofiev, K. Speer, T. Dumanoglu, I. Bailey, D. S. Brooke, J. J. Cussans, D. Heath, G. P. Machin, D. Nash, S. J. Newbold, D. M. Probert, M. G. Coughlan, J. A. Halsall, R. Haynes, W. J. Tomalin, I. R. Marinelli, N. Nikitenko, A. Rutherford, S. Seez, C. Sharif, O. Antchev, G. Hazen, E. Rohlf, J. Wu, S. Breedon, R. Cox, P. T. Murray, P. Tripathi, M. Cousins, R. Erhan, S. Hauser, J. Kreuzer, P. Lindgren, M. Mumford, J. Schlein, P. Shi, Y. Tannenbaum, B. Valuev, V. Von Der Mey, M. Andreeva, I. Clare, R. Villa, S. Bhattacharya, S. Branson, J. G. Fisk, I. Letts, J. Mojaver, M. Paar, H. P. Trepagnier, E. Litvine, V. Shevchenko, S. Singh, S. Wilkinson, R. Aziz, S. Bowden, M. Elias, J. E. Graham, G. Green, D. Litmaath, M. Los, S. O'De, V. Ratnikova, N. Suzuki, I. Wenze, H. Acosta'o, D. Bourilkov, D. Korytov, A. Madorsky, A. Mitselmakher, G. Rodriguez, J. L. Scurlock, B. Stoeck, H. Abdullin, S. Baden, D. Eno, S. C. Grassi, T. Kunori, S. Pavlon, S. Sumorok, K. Tether, S. Cremaldi, L. M. Sanders, D. Summers, D. Osborne, I. Taylor, L. Tuura, L. Fisher, W. C. Mans, J. Stickland, D. Tully, C. Wildish, T. Wynhoff, S. Padley, B. P. Chumney, P. Dasu, S. Smith, W. H. CA CMS Collaboration TI The CMS high level trigger SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID EXTRA DIMENSIONS; PHYSICS; LHC AB At the Large Hadron Collider at CERN the proton bunches cross at a rate of 40 MHz. At the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment the original collision rate is reduced by a factor of O (1000) using a Level-1 hardware trigger. A subsequent factor of O (1000) data reduction is obtained by a software-implemented high level trigger (HLT) selection that is executed on a multi-processor farm. In this review we present in detail prototype CMS HLT physics selection algorithms, expected trigger rates and trigger performance in terms of both physics efficiency and timing. C1 Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Hochenergiephys, A-1050 Vienna, Austria. Vrije Univ Brussels, Brussels, Belgium. Univ Libre Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. Univ Catholique Louvain, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria. Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki, Finland. Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Strasbourg 1, CNRS, LEPSI Strasbourg, UHA Mulhouse,IN2P3,Inst Rech Subatom, Strasbourg, France. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 1, D-5100 Aachen, Germany. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-7500 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Athens, GR-10679 Athens, Greece. NCSR Demokritos, Inst Nucl Phys, GR-15310 Athens, Greece. KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Budapest, Hungary. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, EHEP, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, HECR, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Univ Bari, Politecn Bari, Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Catania, I-95124 Catania, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, I-95129 Catania, Italy. Univ Florence, I-50121 Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Firenze, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Legnaro, Associated Inst, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy. Univ Padua, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, Padua, Italy. Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Pisa, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, Pisa, Italy. Univ Rome 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Rome, Rome, Italy. Univ Turin, I-10124 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Turin, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. Dongshin Univ, Naju, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Quaid I Azam Univ, Natl Ctr Phys, Islamabad, Pakistan. Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Lab Instrument & Fis Expt Particulas, Lisbon, Portugal. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, State Res Ctr Russian Federat, Protvino, Russia. Vinca Inst Nucl Sci, Belgrade, Serbia. Univ Autonoma Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, IFCA, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Univ Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland. CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Paul Scherrer Inst, Villigen, Switzerland. Univ Zurich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland. Cukurova Univ, Adana, Turkey. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Tech Univ Warsaw, Inst Elect Syst, PL-00662 Warsaw, Poland. RP Adam, W (reprint author), Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Hochenergiephys, A-1050 Vienna, Austria. RI Skoro, Goran/F-3642-2010; Wulz, Claudia-Elisabeth/H-5657-2011; Kodolova, Olga/D-7158-2012; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Servoli, Leonello/E-6766-2012; Fruhwirth, Rudolf/H-2529-2012; Jeitler, Manfred/H-3106-2012; Montanari, Alessandro/J-2420-2012; Amapane, Nicola/J-3683-2012; Vardanyan, Irina/K-7981-2012; Zalewski, Piotr/H-7335-2013; Fisher, Wade/N-4491-2013; Calderon, Alicia/K-3658-2014; Skoro, Goran/P-1229-2014; Grandi, Claudio/B-5654-2015; Konecki, Marcin/G-4164-2015; Matorras, Francisco/I-4983-2015; Hoorani, Hafeez/D-1791-2013; Sguazzoni, Giacomo/J-4620-2015; Palomares, Carmen/H-7783-2015; Santos, Marcelino/C-9693-2010; Varela, Joao/K-4829-2016; OI Wulz, Claudia-Elisabeth/0000-0001-9226-5812; Servoli, Leonello/0000-0003-1725-9185; Montanari, Alessandro/0000-0003-2748-6373; Amapane, Nicola/0000-0001-9449-2509; Skoro, Goran/0000-0001-7745-9045; Grandi, Claudio/0000-0001-5998-3070; Konecki, Marcin/0000-0001-9482-4841; Matorras, Francisco/0000-0003-4295-5668; Sguazzoni, Giacomo/0000-0002-0791-3350; Palomares, Carmen/0000-0003-4374-9065; Costa, Salvatore/0000-0001-9919-0569; Da SILVA, Jose Carlos/0000-0001-7504-4225; Boccali, Tommaso/0000-0002-9930-9299; Tricomi, Alessia Rita/0000-0002-5071-5501; Almeida, Carlos/0000-0002-7450-1575; Ciulli, Vitaliano/0000-0003-1947-3396; Uliyanov, Alexey/0000-0001-6935-8949; Teixeira, Joao Paulo/0000-0002-0379-6257; Santos, Marcelino/0000-0002-2091-1165; Cacho Teixeira, Isabel/0000-0002-2642-5619; Varela, Joao/0000-0003-2613-3146; Prokofiev, Kirill/0000-0002-2177-6401; Zabolotny, Wojciech/0000-0002-6833-4846 NR 51 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUN PY 2006 VL 46 IS 3 BP 605 EP 667 DI 10.1140/epjc/s2006-02495-8 PG 63 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 098YL UT WOS:000241559600004 ER PT J AU Brodsky, SJ Llanes-Estrada, FJ AF Brodsky, S. J. Llanes-Estrada, F. J. TI Renormalization scale-fixing for complex scattering amplitudes SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID PERTURBATIVE QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; TO-LEADING ORDER; EXCLUSIVE PROCESSES; MESONS; MODEL; QCD; LEPTOPRODUCTION; LIMIT AB We show how to fix the renormalization scale for hard-scattering exclusive processes such as deeply virtual meson electroproduction by applying the BLM prescription to the imaginary part of the scattering amplitude and employing a fixed-t dispersion relation to obtain the scale-fixed real part. In this way, we resolve the ambiguity in BLM renormalization scale-setting for complex scattering amplitudes. We illustrate this by computing the H generalized parton distribution at leading twist in an analytic quark-diquark model for the parton-proton scattering amplitude that can incorporate Regge exchange contributions characteristic of the deep inelastic structure functions. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Ciencias Fis, Dept Fis Teor 1, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Brodsky, SJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM sjbth@slac.stanford.edu; fllanes@fis.ucm.es RI Llanes-Estrada, Felipe J./C-1438-2017 OI Llanes-Estrada, Felipe J./0000-0002-2565-4516 NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUN PY 2006 VL 46 IS 3 BP 751 EP 758 DI 10.1140/epjc/s2006-02520-0 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 098YL UT WOS:000241559600012 ER PT J AU Reichhardt, CJO Reichhardt, C AF Reichhardt, CJO Reichhardt, C TI Ratchet cellular automata for colloids in dynamic traps SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOGIC GATE AB We numerically investigate the transport of kinks in a ratchet cellular automata geometry for colloids interacting with dynamical traps. We find that thermal effects can enhance the transport efficiency in agreement with recent experiments. At high temperatures we observe the creation and annihilation of thermally induced kinks that degrade the signal transmission. We consider both the deterministic and stochastic cases and show how the trap geometry can be adjusted to switch between these two cases. The operation of the dynamical trap geometry can be achieved with the adjustment of fewer parameters than ratchet cellular automata constructed using static traps. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reichhardt, CJO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Reichhardt, Cynthia/0000-0002-3487-5089 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 74 IS 5 BP 792 EP 798 DI 10.1209/epl/i2006-10043-7 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 049PV UT WOS:000238029500006 ER PT J AU Flambaum, VV Shuryak, EV AF Flambaum, VV Shuryak, EV TI Possible evidence for "dark radiation" from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis data SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID D-BRANES; COSMOLOGY; NEUTRINOS; GRAVITY AB We address the emerging discrepancy between the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis data and standard cosmology, which asks for a bit longer evolution time. If this effect is real, one possible implication (in a framework of brane cosmology model) is that there is a "dark radiation" component which is negative and makes few percents of ordinary matter density. If so, all scales of this model can be fixed, provided brane-to-bulk leakage problem is solved. C1 Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Flambaum, VV (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 74 IS 5 BP 813 EP 816 DI 10.1209/epl/i2006-10031-y PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 049PV UT WOS:000238029500009 ER PT J AU Menzel, A Tolmachev, YV Chang, KC Komanicky, V Chu, YS Rehr, JJ You, H AF Menzel, A Tolmachev, YV Chang, KC Komanicky, V Chu, YS Rehr, JJ You, H TI Polarization-dependent resonant anomalous surface X-ray scattering of CO/Pt(111) SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FINE-STRUCTURE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; PT(111); INTERFACE; OXIDATION; ABSORPTION; ADSORPTION; NI(111); STATE; CO AB Polarization dependence of resonant anomalous surface X-ray scattering (RASXS) was studied for interfaces buried in electrolytes and in high-pressure gas. We find that RASXS exhibits strong polarization dependence when the surface is only slightly modified by adsorption of light elements such as carbon monoxide on platinum surfaces. sigma- and pi-polarization RASXS data were simulated with the latest version of ab initio multiple scattering calculations (FEFF8.2). Based on the simulation, we find that Pt layer to C distances in the ( 2 x 2)-3CO structure are similar to 2.0 angstrom and similar to 1.6 angstrom for atop CO and 3-fold CO, respectively. Some considerations are presented for the origin of the polarization dependence in RASXS. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Menzel, A (reprint author), BESSY mbH, Albert Einstein Str 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. RI Menzel, Andreas/C-4388-2012; Chang, Kee-Chul/O-9938-2014; You, Hoydoo/A-6201-2011; OI Menzel, Andreas/0000-0002-0489-609X; Chang, Kee-Chul/0000-0003-1775-2148; You, Hoydoo/0000-0003-2996-9483; Tolmachev, Yuriy/0000-0001-6705-6058 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 74 IS 6 BP 1032 EP 1038 DI 10.1209/epl/i2006-10050-8 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 049PW UT WOS:000238029600015 ER PT J AU Burin, MJ Ji, H Schartman, E Cutler, R Heitzenroeder, P Liu, W Morris, L Raftopolous, S AF Burin, M. J. Ji, H. Schartman, E. Cutler, R. Heitzenroeder, P. Liu, W. Morris, L. Raftopolous, S. TI Reduction of Ekman circulation within Taylor-Couette flow SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID BIFURCATION PHENOMENA; INSTABILITY; CYLINDERS; ANNULUS AB We demonstrate experimentally that independently rotating intermediary end-rings between the cylinders of a Taylor-Couette apparatus can be utilized to reduce friction-driven secondary flow, i.e. Ekman circulation. This allows for velocity profiles in a device of small aspect ratio to be less constrained by 'end effects', so that the resulting wide-gap flows can be made to have a radial distribution of circumferential velocity that resembles a narrow-gap Couette solution. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Burin, MJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM mburin@princeton.edu; hji@pppl.gov OI Liu, Wei/0000-0003-0935-3999 NR 19 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD JUN PY 2006 VL 40 IS 6 BP 962 EP 966 DI 10.1007/s00348-006-0132-y PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 070UB UT WOS:000239549100012 ER PT J AU Lee, YJ Wagner, ID Brice, ME Kevbrin, VV Mills, GL Romanek, CS Wiegel, J AF Lee, Yong-Jin Wagner, Isaac D. Brice, Mary E. Kevbrin, Vadim V. Mills, Gary L. Romanek, Christopher S. Wiegel, Juergen TI Thermosediminibacter oceani gen. nov., sp. nov. and Thermosediminibacter litoriperuensis sp. nov., new anaerobic thermophilic bacteria isolated from Peru Margin (vol 9, pg 375, 2005) SO EXTREMOPHILES LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Geol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Wiegel, J (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, 527 Biol Sci Bldg,1000 Cedar St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jwiegel@uga.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 1431-0651 J9 EXTREMOPHILES JI Extremophiles PD JUN PY 2006 VL 10 IS 3 BP 257 EP 257 DI 10.1007/s00792-006-0521-4 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 060BK UT WOS:000238776100010 ER PT J AU Huang, ZP Hunter, WB Cleland, CA Wolinsky, M Lapointe, SL Powell, CA AF Huang, ZP Hunter, WB Cleland, CA Wolinsky, M Lapointe, SL Powell, CA TI A new member of the growth-promoting glycoproteins from diaprepes root weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE AAV68692; AY821658; cDNA; Diaprepes abbreviatus; gene expression; IDGF ID DROSOPHILA INSULIN-RECEPTOR; CHITINASE PROTEIN FAMILY; ABBREVIATUS COLEOPTERA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SIGNAL SEQUENCES; MELANOGASTER; PREDICTION; IDENTIFICATION; RESOLUTION; CELLS AB A new member belonging to the family of growth-promoting glycoproteins referred to as imaginal disc growth factors, IDGF, was identified from the root weevil Daaprepes abbreviatus (L.), (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The imaginal disc growth factor full length cDNA transcript, designated as idgf-DRW, was cloned and identified from tissue of adult, teneral DRW females. Sequencing and subsequent homology comparisons of the nucleotide sequence (GenBank accession no. AY821658) indicated that the open reading frame (ORF) consisted of 1329 bases and encoded a putative protein of 442 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight of 49.5 kDa and a pI value of 6.68. BLASTX comparisons of the idgf-DRW cDNA sequence showed that the deduced amino acid sequence designated as IDGF-DRW (AAV68692.1) had 43% to 51% similarity with IDGFl-5 and DS47 from Drosophila melanogaster, D. simulans, and D. yakuba, 51% similarity with IDGF in Pieris rapae, and 51% similarity with an IDGF-like protein in Bombyx mori. Signal P analysis revealed that the predicted IDGF-DRW contained a signal peptide of 23 amino acid residues located at the N-terminus, similar to other known IDGF proteins. The structure of IDGF-DRW was predicted based on the characterized IDGF2 from D. melanogaster as the model. The deduced amino acid sequence for the IDGF-DRW protein had 48% similarity with Drosophila melanogaster IDGF2. The predicted IDGF-DRW displays the characteristics found in Drosophila IDGFs, the fold of family 18 glycosyl hydrolases, with an insertion (Gly304 to Phe392) in the beta barrel between strand beta 7 and helix alpha-7 that forms an additional alpha+beta domain similar to that of Serratia marcescens chitinases A and B. An identified nucleotide change which results in an amino acid change within the active binding site in IDGF-DRW also was observed. The significant similarities of IDGF-DRW to other members within the family of IDGFs support its classification as a new member of the invertebrate growth factors and the first IDGF to be identified from a coleopteran. C1 Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Ctr Biotechnol, Coll Life Sci, Key Lab Biopesticide & Chem Biol, Fujian 350002, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Florida, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Huang, ZP (reprint author), Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Ctr Biotechnol, Coll Life Sci, Key Lab Biopesticide & Chem Biol, Fujian 350002, Peoples R China. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 89 IS 2 BP 223 EP 232 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[223:ANMOTG]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 059ZP UT WOS:000238771000018 ER PT J AU De Carlo, S Chen, BY Hoover, TR Kondrashkina, E Nogales, E Nixon, BT AF De Carlo, Sacha Chen, Baoyu Hoover, Timothy R. Kondrashkina, Elena Nogales, Eva Nixon, B. Tracy TI The structural basis for regulated assembly and function of the transcriptional activator NtrC SO GENES & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE NtrC; gene regulation; AAA plus ATPase assembly; transcription activation; enhancer-binding protein; two-component signal transduction ID BINDING PROTEIN NTRC; SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; RAY SOLUTION SCATTERING; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HIGH-RESOLUTION; RECEIVER DOMAIN; ANALYTICAL ULTRACENTRIFUGATION; 3-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; MUTANT FORMS AB In two-component signal transduction, an input triggers phosphorylation of receiver domains that regulate the status of output modules. One such module is the AAA+ ATPase domain in bacterial enhancer-binding proteins that remodel the sigma(54) form of RNA polymerase. We report X-ray solution scattering and electron microscopy structures of the activated, full-length nitrogen-regulatory protein C (NtrC) showing a novel mechanism for regulation of AAA+ ATPase assembly via the juxtaposition of the receiver domains and ATPase ring. Accompanying the hydrolysis cycle that is required for transcriptional activation, we observed major order-disorder changes in the GAFTGA loops involved in sigma(54) binding, as well as in the DNA-binding domains. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Penn State Univ, Integrat Biosci Grad Degree Program Chem Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. IIT, BioCAT, APS, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Nixon, BT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM enogales@lbl.gov; btn1@psu.edu RI Chen, Baoyu/A-7072-2011; ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012; OI Chen, Baoyu/0000-0002-6366-159X; Hoover, Timothy/0000-0003-1101-8030 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR008630, RR-08630] NR 57 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 7 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 0890-9369 J9 GENE DEV JI Genes Dev. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 11 BP 1485 EP 1495 DI 10.1101/gad.1418306 PG 11 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 052ZV UT WOS:000238273700011 PM 16751184 ER PT J AU Warren, RL Varabei, D Platt, D Huang, X Messina, D Yang, SP Kronstad, JW Krzywinski, M Warren, WC Wallis, JW Hillier, LW Chinwalla, AT Schein, JE Siddiqui, AS Marra, MA Wilson, RK Jones, SJM AF Warren, Rene L. Varabei, Dmitry Platt, Darren Huang, Xiaoqiu Messina, David Yang, Shiaw-Pyng Kronstad, James W. Krzywinski, Martin Warren, Wesley C. Wallis, John W. Hillier, LaDeana W. Chinwalla, Asif T. Schein, Jacqueline E. Siddiqui, Asim S. Marra, Marco A. Wilson, Richard K. Jones, Steven J. M. TI Physical map-assisted whole-genome shotgun sequence assemblies SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHICKEN GENOME; MOUSE GENOME; CONTIGS; DROSOPHILA; SOFTWARE; PROGRAM; ARACHNE; CLONES; SYSTEM; FPC AB We describe a targeted approach to improve the contiguity of whole-genome shotgun sequence (WGS) assemblies at run-time, using information from Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC)-based physical maps. Clone sizes and overlaps derived from clone fingerprints are used for the calculation of length constraints between any two BAC neighbors sharing 40% of their size. These constraints are used to promote the linkage and guide the arrangement of sequence contigs within a sequence scaffold at the layout phase of WGS assemblies. This process is facilitated by FASSI, a stand-alone application that calculates BAC end and BAC overlap length constraints from clone fingerprint map contigs created by the FPC package. FASSI is designed to work with the assembly tool PCAP, but its output can be formatted to work with other WGS assembly algorithms able to use length constraints for individual clones. The FASSI method is simple to implement, potentially cost-effective, and has resulted in the increase of scaffold contiguity for both the Drosophila melanogaster and Cryptococcus gattii genomes when compared to a control assembly without map-derived constraints. A 6.5-fold coverage draft DNA sequence of the Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) genome was assembled using map-derived constraints and resulted in a 26.1% increase in scaffold contiguity. C1 British Columbia Canc Agcy, Genome Sci Ctr, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Genome Sequencing Ctr, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Michael Smith Labs, Vancouver, BC V6T 2Z4, Canada. RP Jones, SJM (reprint author), British Columbia Canc Agcy, Genome Sci Ctr, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada. EM sjones@bcgsc.bc.ca RI Messina, Dave/B-2405-2009; Tang, Macy/B-9798-2014; Schein, Jacquie/G-3674-2015; Jones, Steven/C-3621-2009; Marra, Marco/B-5987-2008; OI Messina, David/0000-0002-2287-2761 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [U54 HG00307] NR 35 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI COLD SPRING HARBOR PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY 11724 USA SN 1088-9051 EI 1549-5469 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 6 BP 768 EP 775 DI 10.1101/gr.5090606 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 048UY UT WOS:000237973200009 PM 16741162 ER PT J AU Morin, RD Chang, E Petrescu, A Liao, N Griffith, M Kirkpatrick, R Butterfield, YS Young, AC Stott, J Barber, S Babakaiff, R Dickson, MC Matsuo, C Wong, D Yang, GS Smailus, DE Wetherby, KD Kwong, PN Grimwood, J Brinkley, CP Brown-John, M Reddix-Dugue, ND Mayo, M Schmutz, J Beland, J Park, M Gibson, S Olson, T Bouffard, GG Tsai, M Featherstone, R Chand, S Siddiqui, AS Jang, WH Lee, E Klein, SL Blakesley, RW Zeeberg, BR Narasimhan, S Weinstein, JN Pennacchio, CP Myers, RM Green, ED Wagner, L Gerhard, DS Marra, MA Jones, SJM Holt, RA AF Morin, Ryan D. Chang, Elbert Petrescu, Anca Liao, Nancy Griffith, Malachi Kirkpatrick, Robert Butterfield, Yaron S. Young, Alice C. Stott, Jeffrey Barber, Sarah Babakaiff, Ryan Dickson, Mark C. Matsuo, Corey Wong, David Yang, George S. Smailus, Duane E. Wetherby, Keith D. Kwong, Peggy N. Grimwood, Jane Brinkley, Charles P., III Brown-John, Mabel Reddix-Dugue, Natalie D. Mayo, Michael Schmutz, Jeremy Beland, Jaclyn Park, Morgan Gibson, Susan Olson, Teika Bouffard, Gerard G. Tsai, Miranda Featherstone, Ruth Chand, Steve Siddiqui, Asim S. Jang, Wonhee Lee, Ed Klein, Steven L. Blakesley, Robert W. Zeeberg, Barry R. Narasimhan, Sudarshan Weinstein, John N. Pennacchio, Christa Prange Myers, Richard M. Green, Eric D. Wagner, Lukas Gerhard, Daniela S. Marra, Marco A. Jones, Steven J. M. Holt, Robert A. TI Sequencing and analysis of 10,967 full-length cDNA clones from Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis reveals post-tetraploidization transcriptome remodeling SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DUPLICATE GENES; FROGS XENOPUS; CLAWED FROGS; EST PROJECT; EVOLUTION; DNA; TOOL; GENERATION; LIKELIHOOD; PHYLOGENY AB Sequencing of full-insert clones from full-length cDNA libraries from both Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis has been ongoing as part of the Xenopus Gene Collection Initiative. Here we present 10,967 full ORF verified cDNA clones (8049 from X. laevis and 2918 from X. tropicalis) as a community resource. Because the genome of X. laevis, but not X. tropicalis, has undergone allotetraploidization, comparison of coding sequences from these two clawed (pipid) frogs provides a unique angle for exploring the molecular evolution of duplicate genes. Within our clone set, we have identified 445 gene trios, each comprised of an allotetraploidization-derived X. laevis gene pair and their shared X. tropicalis ortholog. Pairwise d(N)/d(S), comparisons within trios show strong evidence for purifying selection acting on all three members. However, d(N)/d(S) ratios between X. laevis gene pairs are elevated relative to their X. tropicalis ortholog. This difference is highly significant and indicates an overall relaxation of selective pressures on duplicated gene pairs. We have found that the paralogs that have been lost since the tetraploidization event are enriched for several molecular functions, but have found no such enrichment in the extant paralogs. Approximately 14% of the paralogous pairs analyzed here also show differential expression indicative of subfunctionalization. C1 British Columbia Genome Sci Ctr, BCCA, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford Human Genome Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NHGRI, NIH Intramural Sequencing Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Genom & Bioinformat Grp, Mol Pharmacol Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NICHHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Lib Med, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, IMAGE Consortium, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. 2SRA Int, Fairfax, VA 22033 USA. RP Holt, RA (reprint author), British Columbia Genome Sci Ctr, BCCA, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada. EM rholt@bcgsc.ca RI Holt, Robert/C-3303-2009; Schmutz, Jeremy/N-3173-2013; Tang, Macy/B-9798-2014; Griffith, Malachi/P-1285-2014; Jones, Steven/C-3621-2009; Marra, Marco/B-5987-2008; OI Schmutz, Jeremy/0000-0001-8062-9172; Griffith, Malachi/0000-0002-6388-446X; Chow, William/0000-0002-9056-201X FU Intramural NIH HHS; NHGRI NIH HHS [U01 HG002155-06S1, U01 HG002155] NR 37 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 10 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI COLD SPRING HARBOR PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY 11724 USA SN 1088-9051 EI 1549-5469 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 6 BP 796 EP 803 DI 10.1101/gr.4871006 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 048UY UT WOS:000237973200012 PM 16672307 ER PT J AU Carle, SF Esser, BK Moran, JE AF Carle, Steven F. Esser, Brad K. Moran, Jean E. TI High-resolution simulation of basin-scale nitrate transport considering aquifer system heterogeneity SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE geostatistics; simulation; nitrate; heterogeneity; geochemistry ID TRANSITION-PROBABILITY GEOSTATISTICS; POROUS-MEDIA; ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE; LAND-USE; GROUNDWATER; FLOW; MACRODISPERSION; MIGRATION; CONTAMINATION; QUALITY AB Nitrate contamination presents a growing threat to many groundwater basins relied upon for drinking water. This study combines geostatistical techniques, parallel computing of flow simulation, and particle tracking to develop realistic nitrate loading and transport scenarios. The simulation scenarios are patterned after the rapidly urbanizing Llagas groundwater subbasin in the south San Francisco Bay area of California. In the Llagas subbasin, groundwater is the sole municipal water supply. A key component of this study is the development of a highly resolved model of the heterogeneity in the aquifer system using a new geostatistical technique for simulating hydrofacies architecture that can incorporate uncertain or "soft" data, such as well driller logs. Numerical simulations of nitrate transport indicate the degree to which a heterogeneous conceptual model can account for dispersion relative to a conventional homogeneous model assuming typical dispersivity coefficients. The heterogeneous model transport results are found to be consistent with observed nitrate contamination patterns and depth distribution as well as groundwater-age trends with depth. The model provides a realistic test-bed for prediction of future nitrate concentrations, including the time frame for potential nitrate impacts to deep wells, given that geochemical data indicate that denitrification is not likely to occur. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Biol & Nucl Sci Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Carle, SF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Esser, Bradley/G-4283-2010 OI Esser, Bradley/0000-0002-3219-4298 NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD JUN PY 2006 VL 2 IS 4 BP 195 EP 209 DI 10.1130/GES00032.1 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 167VM UT WOS:000246480600001 ER PT J AU Dai, ZX Samper, J Ritzi, R AF Dai, Zhenxue Samper, Javier Ritzi, Robert, Jr. TI Identifying geochemical processes by inverse modeling of multicomponent reactive transport in the Aquia aquifer SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE inverse modeling; reactive transport; geochemical processes; identification criteria; Aquia aquifer; stepwise inversion; cation exchange capacity; paleohydrology ID POROUS-MEDIA; FLOW SYSTEMS; GROUNDWATER; MARYLAND; CATION; COMPONENTS; EVOLUTION; EXCHANGE; CARBON AB Modeling reactive geochemical transport in the subsurface is a powerful tool for understanding and interpreting geochemical processes in aquifer systems. Different conceptual models can include different combinations of geochemical processes. A limitation of current inverse models is that they are based only on one conceptual model, which may lead to statistical bias and underestimation of uncertainty. We present a stepwise inverse modeling methodology that can include any number of conceptual models and thus consider alternate combinations of processes, and it can provide a quantitative basis for selecting the best among them. We applied the inverse methodology to modeling the geochemical evolution in the Aquia aquifer ( Maryland, USA) over 10(5) yr. The inverse model accounts for aqueous complexation, acid-base and redox reactions, cation exchange, proton surface complexation, and mineral dissolution and precipitation; identifies relevant geochemical processes; and estimates key reactive transport parameters from available hydrogeochemical data. Inverse modeling provides optimum estimates of transmissivities, leakage rates, dispersivities, cation exchange capacity (CEC), cation selectivities, and initial and boundary concentrations of selected chemical components. Inverse modeling with multiple conceptual models helps to identify the most likely physical and chemical processes in the paleohydrology and paleogeochemistry of the Aquia aquifer. Identification criteria derived from information theory are used to select the best among ten candidate conceptual models. In the final model, both proton surface complexation and methane oxidation are identified as relevant geochemical processes. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ A Coruna, Escuela Tecn Super Ingenieros Caminos Canales & P, La Coruna 15192, Spain. Wright State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Dai, ZX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM daiz@lanl.gov; jsamper@udc.es; robert.ritzi@wright.edu RI Samper, Javier /F-7311-2016; OI Samper, Javier /0000-0002-9532-8433; Dai, Zhenxue/0000-0002-0805-7621 NR 47 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD JUN PY 2006 VL 2 IS 4 BP 210 EP 219 DI 10.1130/GES00021.1 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 167VM UT WOS:000246480600002 ER PT J AU Scheibe, TD Fang, YL Murray, CJ Roden, EE Chen, JS Chien, YJ Brooks, SC Hubbard, SS AF Scheibe, Timothy D. Fang, Yilin Murray, Christopher J. Roden, Eric E. Chen, Jinsong Chien, Yi-Ju Brooks, Scott C. Hubbard, Susan S. TI Transport and biogeochemical reaction of metals in a physically and chemically heterogeneous aquifer SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE reactive transport; heterogeneity; modeling; groundwater; uranium ID CRYSTALLINE IRON(III) OXIDES; MICROBIAL REDUCTION; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; BACTERIAL TRANSPORT; URANIUM; OYSTER; IRON; SEDIMENTS; GROWTH; MODEL AB Biologically mediated reductive dissolution and precipitation of metals and radionuclides play key roles in their subsurface transport. Physical and chemical properties of natural aquifer systems, such as reactive iron-oxide surface area and hydraulic conductivity, are often highly heterogeneous in complex ways that can exert significant control on transport, natural attenuation, and active remediation processes. Typically, however, few data on the detailed distribution of these properties are available for incorporation into predictive models. In this study, we integrate field-scale geophysical, hydrologic, and geochemical data from a well-characterized site with the results of laboratory batch-reaction studies to formulate two-dimensional numerical models of reactive transport in a heterogeneous granular aquifer. The models incorporate several levels of coupling, including effects of ferrous iron sorption onto (and associated reduction of reactive surface area of) ferric iron surfaces, microbial growth and transport dynamics, and cross-correlation between hydraulic conductivity and initial ferric iron surface area. These models are then used to evaluate the impacts of physical and chemical heterogeneity on transport of trace levels of uranium under natural conditions, as well as the effectiveness of uranium reduction and immobilization upon introduction of a soluble electron donor (a potential biostimulation remedial strategy). C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Scheibe, TD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Scheibe, Timothy/A-8788-2008; Chen, Jinsong/A-1374-2009; Brooks, Scott/B-9439-2012; Hubbard, Susan/E-9508-2010; Fang, Yilin/J-5137-2015 OI Scheibe, Timothy/0000-0002-8864-5772; Brooks, Scott/0000-0002-8437-9788; NR 35 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 15 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD JUN PY 2006 VL 2 IS 4 BP 220 EP 235 DI 10.1130/GES00029.1 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 167VM UT WOS:000246480600003 ER PT J AU Hrma, P Smith, DE Matyas, J Yeager, JD Jones, JV Boulos, EN AF Hrma, Pavel Smith, D. E. Matyas, Josef Yeager, J. D. Jones, J. V. Boulos, Edward N. TI Effect of float glass composition on liquidus temperature and devitrification behaviour SO GLASS TECHNOLOGY-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF GLASS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PART A LA English DT Article ID SILICATE-GLASSES AB Liquidus temperatures (T-1) were measured for the following float glass-type composition region (in mass%): 72.7 to 74.0 SiO2, 13.1 to 14.2 Na2O, 7.95 to 8.95 CaO, 2.97 to 3.97 MgO, 0.10 to 0.45 Al2O3, and 0.03 to 0.10 K2O. Glasses also contained constant minor fractions of Fe2O3 (0.71) and TiO2 (0.01). Fractions of silica, wollastonite, and devitrite were determined in glasses quenched from 900 degrees C. Partial specific values for T-L were evaluated for silica and wollastonite phase-fields. The measured T-L values were compared with values estimated using various models available in the literature. The differences between predicted and measured T-L for the float glass composition region can be attributed to several causes, the most prominent being the neglecting of differences in the slopes of liquidus surfaces within different primary phase fields. Inaccurate estimates can also be expected when a model is applied to a glass with a smaller or a larger number of key components. Finally, erroneous estimates occur when the model is extrapolated beyond the composition region covered by data to which model equations were fitted, or when a model that covers a large composition region is applied to a smaller subregion where the T-L-composition relationship has a significant lack of fit. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Inorgan Chem, Lab Inorgan Mat, CR-16000 Prague, Czech Republic. Inst Chem Technol, CR-16628 Prague, Czech Republic. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Visteon Corp, Nashville, TN USA. RP Hrma, P (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM pavel.hrma@pnl.gov NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GLASS TECHNOLOGY PI SHEFFIELD PA UNIT 9, TWELVE O CLOCK COURT, 21 ATTERCLIFFE RD, SHEFFIELD S4 7WW, S YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0017-1050 J9 GLASS TECHNOL-PART A JI Glass Technol.-Eur. J. Glass Sci. Technol. Part A PD JUN PY 2006 VL 47 IS 3 BP 78 EP 90 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 101SI UT WOS:000241760400003 ER PT J AU Day, FP Stover, DB Pagel, AL Hungate, BA Dilustro, JJ Herbert, BT Drake, BG Hinkle, CR AF Day, FP Stover, DB Pagel, AL Hungate, BA Dilustro, JJ Herbert, BT Drake, BG Hinkle, CR TI Rapid root closure after fire limits fine root responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 in a scrub oak ecosystem in central Florida, USA SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; fine roots; fire; minirhizotrons; root closure; root length ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; NITROGEN-FIXATION; DYNAMICS; FOREST; DECOMPOSITION; ENRICHMENT; TURNOVER; STORAGE; GROWTH AB Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) often stimulates the growth of fine roots, yet there are few reports of responses of intact root systems to long-term CO2 exposure. We investigated the effects of elevated CO2 on fine root growth using open top chambers in a scrub oak ecosystem at Kennedy Space Center, Florida for more than 7 years. CO2 enrichment began immediately after a controlled burn, which simulated the natural disturbance that occurs in this system every 10-15 years. We hypothesized that (1) root abundance would increase in both treatments as the system recovered from fire; (2) elevated CO2 would stimulate root growth; and (3) elevated CO2 would alter root distribution. Minirhizotron tubes were used to measure fine root length density (mm cm(-2)) every three months. During the first 2 years after fire recovery, fine root abundance increased in all treatments and elevated CO2 significantly enhanced root abundance, causing a maximum stimulation of 181% after 20 months. The CO2 stimulation was initially more pronounced in the top 10 cm and 38-49 cm below the soil surface. However, these responses completely disappeared during the third year of experimental treatment: elevated CO2 had no effect on root abundance or on the depth distribution of fine roots during years 3-7. The results suggest that, within a few years following fire, fine roots in this scrub oak ecosystem reach closure, defined here as a dynamic equilibrium between production and mortality. These results further suggest that elevated CO2 hastens root closure but does not affect maximum root abundance. Limitation of fine root growth by belowground resources - particularly nutrients in this nutrient-poor soil - may explain the transient response to elevated CO2. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Ctr Coastal Resources Management, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Dynamac Corp, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Day, FP (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM fday@odu.edu RI Hungate, Bruce/F-8991-2011 OI Hungate, Bruce/0000-0002-7337-1887 NR 45 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1047 EP 1053 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01148.x PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 043LI UT WOS:000237602200010 ER PT J AU Su, GW Freifeld, BM Oldenburg, CM Jordan, PD Daley, PF AF Su, GW Freifeld, BM Oldenburg, CM Jordan, PD Daley, PF TI Interpreting velocities from heat-based flow sensors by numerical simulation SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTIVITY LOGGING METHOD; GROUNDWATER AB We have carried out numerical simulations of three-dimensional nonisothermal flow around an in situ heat-based flow sensor to investigate how formation heterogeneities can affect the interpretation of ground water flow velocities from this instrument. The flow sensor operates by constant heating of a 0.75-m-long, 5-cm-diameter cylindrical probe, which contains 30 thermistors in contact with the formation. The temperature evolution at each thermistor can be inverted to obtain an estimate of the ground water flow velocity vector using the standard interpretive method, which assumes that the formation is homogeneous. Analysis of data from heat-based flow sensors installed in a sand aquifer at the Former Fort Ord Army Base near Monterey, California, suggested an unexpected component of downward flow. The magnitudes of the vertical velocities were expected to be much less than those of the horizontal velocities at this site because the sensors were installed just above a clay aquitard. Numerical simulations were conducted to examine how differences in thermal conductivities may lead to spurious indications of vertical flow velocities. We found that a decrease in the thermal conductivity near the bottom of the sensor can perturb the temperature profiles along the instrument in such a manner that analyses assuming homogeneous thermal conductivity could indicate a vertical flow component even though flow is actually horizontal. This work demonstrates how modeling can be used to simulate instrument response to formation heterogeneity and shows that caution must be used in interpreting data from such devices. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Environm Restorat Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Su, GW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gwsu@lbl.gov RI Freifeld, Barry/F-3173-2010; Oldenburg, Curtis/L-6219-2013; Jordan, Preston/L-1587-2016 OI Oldenburg, Curtis/0000-0002-0132-6016; Jordan, Preston/0000-0001-5853-9517 NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUN PY 2006 VL 44 IS 3 BP 386 EP 393 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00147.x PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 036ZQ UT WOS:000237116900008 PM 16681519 ER PT J AU James, SC Jepsen, RA Beauheim, RL Pedler, WH Mandell, WA AF James, SC Jepsen, RA Beauheim, RL Pedler, WH Mandell, WA TI Simulations to verify horizontal flow measurements from a borehole flowmeter SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID COLLOIDAL BORESCOPE AB This paper reports on experiments and simulations of subsurface flow from a slotted acrylic tube deployed in a sand-tank flow chamber for two different purposes. In the first instance, the slotted tube is used to represent a single fracture intersected by an uncased well. In the second instance, the slotted tube is used to represent a multislot well screen within a porous medium. In both cases, the scanning colloidal borescope flowmeter (SCBFM) measures ground water velocity within the well by imaging colloids traveling through a well to measure their speed and direction. Measurements are compared against model simulations. For the case of a slotted tube representing a single fracture, SCBFM and model results agree with respect to the flow direction and to within a factor of 1.5 for the speed near the well's center. Model and experimental agreement lend confidence that for an uncased well drilled in a fractured-rock medium, a calibrated SCBFM could be used to identify and quantify flowing features. Next, the SCBFM was deployed in a four-column multislotted casing with slots aligned with the flow direction. Another numerical model was developed to estimate the flow field within this well screen to evaluate the potential usefulness of employing the SCBFM in a screened well to estimate flow speed and direction in the surrounding porous medium. Results indicate that if the slots are not aligned with the flow, the SCBFM may only provide order-of-magnitude speed measurements and direction measurements with an uncertainty of approximately +/- 25 degrees. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Repository Performance Dept, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. RAS Inc, Golden, CO 80401 USA. USA, Ctr Environm, SFIM AEC ERA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP James, SC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM scjames@sandia.gov; rajepse@sandia.gov; rlbeauh@sandia.gov; bpedler@rasinc.org; wayne.mandell@eac.apgea.army.mil OI James, Scott/0000-0001-7955-0491 NR 26 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUN PY 2006 VL 44 IS 3 BP 394 EP 405 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00140.x PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 036ZQ UT WOS:000237116900009 PM 16681520 ER PT J AU Dong, HL Scheibe, TD Johnson, WP Monkman, CM Fuller, ME AF Dong, HL Scheibe, TD Johnson, WP Monkman, CM Fuller, ME TI Change of collision efficiency with distance in bacterial transport experiments SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID ADHESION-DEFICIENT BACTERIA; FIELD-SCALE EVALUATION; CHANNEL FOCUS AREA; POROUS-MEDIA; ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY; SANDY AQUIFER; INTACT CORES; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; IONIC-STRENGTH; SATURATED SAND AB Understanding the mechanisms of bacterial transport in aquifers is important in developing bioremediation strategies. Collision efficiency (alpha) is one important parameter used in modeling bacterial transport. This study was undertaken to measure change in alpha with distance by performing a bacterial transport experiment in Oyster, Virginia. Following injection of a bacterium, Comamonas sp., into a well, water samples were collected at various distances along the flowpath and injected into columns packed with homogenized South Oyster focus area sediment. Zeta potentials of the bacteria in the samples were measured. Values of alpha were determined at various locations in the field in two ways: based on field breakthrough concentrations at the sampling points and based on column breakthrough concentrations. The alpha values estimated from field breakthrough decreased with distance, whereas those estimated from column breakthrough increased with distance. Bacterial cell surface charge became progressively more negative with distance in the field. We hypothesize that the apparent contradiction between field and column alpha values was caused by differences in the flow of the two systems. Flow in the columns was forced to occur through fine-grained zones of iron and aluminum hydroxide coatings that selectively removed the most negatively charged bacteria. In contrast, in the field, the injected cells did not come into contact with the positively charged coatings because the bulk solution bypassed them due to heterogeneous hydraulic properties. These results suggest that laboratory-based models may underestimate bacterial transport distance in the field. A more realistic approach may be necessary to capture the degree of heterogeneity. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Envirogen Inc, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. RP Dong, HL (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM dongh@muohio.edu RI Scheibe, Timothy/A-8788-2008; Johnson, William/G-7733-2011 OI Scheibe, Timothy/0000-0002-8864-5772; NR 62 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUN PY 2006 VL 44 IS 3 BP 415 EP 429 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00133.x PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 036ZQ UT WOS:000237116900011 PM 16681522 ER PT J AU Zlotin, SG Kislitsin, PG Kucherov, FA Gakh, AA AF Zlotin, Sergei G. Kislitsin, Pavel G. Kucherov, Fedor A. Gakh, Andrei A. TI Synthetic utilization of polynitroaromatic compounds. 4. Synthesis of nitro-free 4,6-disubstituted 3-aminobenzothiophene derivatives based on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzamide SO HETEROCYCLES LA English DT Article ID PART 3; INHIBITORS; SUBSTITUTION; DISPLACEMENT; ESTERS AB A convenient synthesis of nitro-free 4,6-disubstituted 3-aminobenzothiophenes, their S-oxides and S,S-dioxides based on the available 2,4,6-trinitrobenzamide has been developed. The synthesis entails stepwise nucleophilic substitution of all nitro groups in the starting compound by S-, N-, and O-nucleophiles followed by Thorpe-Ziegler cyclization. C1 Russian Acad Sci, ND Zelinskii Organ Chem Inst, Moscow 119991, Russia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zlotin, SG (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, ND Zelinskii Organ Chem Inst, Leninsky Prosp 47, Moscow 119991, Russia. EM zlotin@ioc.ac.ru; gakhaa@ornl.gov NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0385-5414 J9 HETEROCYCLES JI Heterocycles PD JUN PY 2006 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1109 EP + PG 12 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 058MC UT WOS:000238668100003 ER PT J AU Le Pape, S Koenig, M Vinci, T Martinolli, E Bennuzzi-Mounaix, A Hicks, D Patel, P Mackinnon, A Romagnani, L Borghesi, M Kar, S Boehly, T AF Le Pape, Sebastien Koenig, Michel Vinci, Tommaso Martinolli, Emanuelle Bennuzzi-Mounaix, Alessandra Hicks, Damien Patel, Pravesh Mackinnon, Andy Romagnani, Lorenzo Borghesi, Marco Kar, Sataybrata Boehly, Tom TI Novel diagnostic of low-Z shock compressed material SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Laser-driven shocks; Proton radiography; Short pulses AB An experiment was performed using high-energy protons, generated by an intense short laser pulse, to try to characterize in situ, the spatial and temporal evolution of a laser-driven shock propagating through a low-Z material. Radiography of the shock propagating through the low-Z transparent material could lead to density determination under compression. A first test of a proton radiography of the rear-side released state of a shocked aluminum foil has also been tried. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Le Pape, Sebastien; Hicks, Damien; Patel, Pravesh; Mackinnon, Andy] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Le Pape, Sebastien; Koenig, Michel; Vinci, Tommaso; Martinolli, Emanuelle; Bennuzzi-Mounaix, Alessandra] Ecole Polytech, UMR 7605, LULI, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Romagnani, Lorenzo; Borghesi, Marco; Kar, Sataybrata] Queens Univ Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Boehly, Tom] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Le Pape, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM lepape2@llnl.gov RI Borghesi, Marco/K-2974-2012; Hicks, Damien/B-5042-2015; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014 OI Hicks, Damien/0000-0001-8322-9983; MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 2 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2005.12.001 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA V26IQ UT WOS:000208539700001 ER PT J AU Chung, HK Fournier, KB Lee, RW AF Chung, H-K Fournier, K. B. Lee, R. W. TI Non-LTE kinetics modeling of krypton ions: Calculations of radiative cooling coefficients SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Collisional-radiative modeling; Non-LTE kinetics; Plasma spectroscopy; Radiative cooling rates; Radiative loss rates; Krypton; Power loss AB For plasmas containing high-Z ions the energy loss due to radiative processes can be important in understanding energy distributions and spectral characteristics. Since high-Z plasmas occur over a wide range of temperature and density conditions, a general non-LTE population kinetics description is required to provide a qualitative and quantitative description for radiative energy loss. We investigate radiative properties of non-LTE krypton plasmas with a collisional-radiative (CR) model constructed from detailed atomic data. This work makes two extensions beyond previous non-LTE kinetics models. First, this model explicitly treats the dielectronic recombination (DR) channels. Second, this model allows one to investigate the higher electron density regimes found commonly in laboratory plasmas. This more comprehensive approach enables the study of population kinetics in a general manner and will provide a systematic guide for reducing a complex model to a simpler one. Specifically, we present the calculations of radiative cooling coefficients of krypton ions as a function of electron density in the optically thin limit. Total, soft X-ray (1.6 keV <= E <= 12 keV), and hard X-ray (E >= 12 keV) radiative cooling coefficients are given for the plasma conditions of 0.6 keV >= T-e <= 10 keVand 10(14) cm(-3) <= N-e <= 10(24) cm(-3). The ionic radiative cooling coefficients provided are sufficient to allow users to construct the total rate from given charge state distributions. Steady-state calculations of the average charge state at given T-e and N-e values are also presented. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chung, H-K; Fournier, K. B.; Lee, R. W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Chung, HK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-399, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hchung@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7406-Eng-48]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency under DTRA IA-CRO [1-4064]; Work Unit(s) [01381] FX The authors thank H. A. Scott for his generous help with CRETIN implementation and A. Bar-Shalom, M. Klapisch and J. Oreg for their generous support of HULLAC code implementation. We also appreciate J. Scofield, S. Dalhed and A. L. Osterheld for providing the JJAV code. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7406-Eng-48 and sponsored by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under DTRA IA-CRO # 1-4064 and Work Unit(s) 01381. NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 2 IS 1-2 BP 7 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2005.12.002 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA V26IQ UT WOS:000208539700002 ER PT J AU Huang, SR Lee, L Hanson, NB Lenaerts, C Hoehn, H Poot, M Rubin, CD Chen, DF Yang, CC Juch, H Dorn, T Spiegel, R Oral, EA Abid, M Battisti, C Lucci-Cordisco, E Neri, G Steed, EH Kidd, A Isley, W Showalter, D Vittone, JL Konstantinow, A Ring, J Meyer, P Wenger, SL von Herbay, A Wollina, U Schuelke, M Huizenga, CR Leistritz, DE Martin, GM Mian, SI Oshima, J AF Huang, Shurong Lee, Lin Hanson, Nancy B. Lenaerts, Catherine Hoehn, Holger Poot, Martin Rubin, Craig D. Chen, Da-Fu Yang, Chih-Chao Juch, Heike Dorn, Thomas Spiegel, Roland Oral, Elif Arioglu Abid, Mohammed Battisti, Carla Lucci-Cordisco, Emanuela Neri, Giovanni Steed, Erin H. Kidd, Alexa Isley, William Showalter, David Vittone, Janet L. Konstantinow, Alexander Ring, Johannes Meyer, Peter Wenger, Sharon L. von Herbay, Axel Wollina, Uwe Schuelke, Markus Huizenga, Carin R. Leistritz, Dru E. Martin, George M. Mian, I. Saira Oshima, Junko TI The spectrum of WRN mutations in Werner syndrome patients SO HUMAN MUTATION LA English DT Article DE Werner syndrome; WRN; RECQL2; RECQ3; Werner helicase; RecQ helicases; progeroid syndromes; aging; international registries; penetrance; aging ID LYMPHOBLASTOID CELL-LINES; SYNDROME PROTEIN; HELICASE ACTIVITY; SYNDROME GENE; POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASE-1; NUCLEAR-LOCALIZATION; FLAP ENDONUCLEASE-1; CYTOGENETIC ASPECTS; SYNDROME LOCUS; DNA HELICASES AB The International Registry of Werner syndrome (www.wernersyndrome.org) has been providing molecular diagnosis of the Werner syndrome (WS) for the past decade. The present communication summarizes, from among 99 WS subjects, the spectrum of 50 distinct mutations discovered by our group and by others since the WRN gene (also called RECQL2 or REQ3) was first cloned in 1996; 25 of these have not previously been published. All WRN mutations reported thus far have resulted in the elimination of the nuclear localization signal at the C-terminus of the protein, precluding functional interactions in the nucleus; thus, all could be classified as null mutations. We now report two new mutations in the N-terminus that result in instability of the WRN protein. Clinical data confirm that the most penetrant phenotype is bilateral ocular cataracts. Other cardinal signs were seen in more than 95% of the cases. The median age of death, previously reported to be in the range of 46-48 years, is 54 years. Lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) have been cryopreserved from the majority of our index cases, including material from nuclear pedigrees. These, as well as inducible and complemented hTERT (catalytic subunit of human telomerase) immortalized skin fibroblast cell lines are available to qualified investigators. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Pathol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Amiens, Serv Pediat, Amiens, France. Univ Wurzburg, Inst Humangenet, D-97070 Wurzburg, Germany. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. Univ Utrecht, Med Ctr, Lab Genome Diagnost, Utrecht, Netherlands. Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Dept Neurol, Taipei, Taiwan. Swiss Epilepsy Ctr, Zurich, Switzerland. Human Genet Lab Genet, Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Michigan, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Pasteur Inst Morocco, Tangier, Morocco. Univ Siena, OU Neurometab Dis, I-53100 Siena, Italy. Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Fac Med A Gemelli, Inst Med Genet, Rome, Italy. N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Genet & Newborn Screening Unit, Columbus, NC USA. Wellington Hosp, Cent Reg Genet Serv, Wellington, New Zealand. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Endocrinol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Nutr, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Metab, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Med Genet, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Gen Internal Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Dept Dermatol & Allergol, Div Environm Dermatol & Allergol GSF TUM, D-8000 Munich, Germany. Genefinder Technol Ltd, Munich, Germany. Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Div Med Genet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Pathol, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. Hosp Dresden Freidrichstadt, Dept Dermatol, Dresden, Germany. Charite Univ Hosp, Dept Neuropediat, Berlin, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Oshima, J (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Pathol, 1959 NE Pacific Ave, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM picard@u.washington.edu RI Poot, Martin/F-9427-2010; OI LUCCI CORDISCO, Emanuela/0000-0002-6279-7604; Oral, Elif/0000-0002-9171-1144; Yang, Chih-Chao/0000-0002-0352-3144 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA78088, R24 CA078088] NR 67 TC 87 Z9 92 U1 3 U2 12 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1059-7794 J9 HUM MUTAT JI Hum. Mutat. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 27 IS 6 BP 558 EP 567 DI 10.1002/humu.20337 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 047GU UT WOS:000237868600008 PM 16673358 ER PT J AU Alp, EE Wynter, CI AF Alp, E. Ercan Wynter, Clive I. TI 4th Nassau Mossbauer symposium analysis and summary SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL USA. Nassau Community Coll, Garden City, NY USA. RP Alp, EE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL USA. EM alp@anl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 170 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1007/s10751-006-9478-z PG 3 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 137RA UT WOS:000244308500001 ER PT J AU Shenoy, GK AF Shenoy, G. K. TI Scientific legacy of Stanley Ruby SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE annihilation of acoustic phonons; isoelectronic compounds; synchrotron radiation; Mossbauer effect ID NUCLEAR RESONANT SCATTERING; AVALANCHE PHOTODIODE DETECTOR; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; GAMMA-RAYS; X-RAYS; MOSSBAUER; DIFFRACTION; EXCITATION; ABSORPTION; COMPOUND AB Stanley L. Ruby (1924-2004) made major contributions to Mossbauer spectroscopy and was the first to suggest the feasibility of observing the Mossbauer effect using synchrotron radiation. In this article we recall his scientific legacy that have inspired his scientific colleagues. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shenoy, GK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gks@aps.anl.gov NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 170 IS 1-3 BP 5 EP 13 DI 10.1007/s10751-006-9477-0 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 137RA UT WOS:000244308500002 ER PT J AU Pasternak, MP Taylor, RD AF Pasternak, Moshe P. Taylor, R. Dean TI Mossbauer spectroscopy methodology at the cutting-edge of high-pressure research SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Fe-57 Mossbauer effect; high-pressure; diamond-anvil cells; iron-oxides; Mott-transition; spin-crossover ID DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL; FE-57 MOSSBAUER; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; VON GAMMASTRAHLUNG; VERWEY TRANSITION; PHASE-TRANSITION; MAGNETITE FE3O4; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; EPSILON-FE; 100 GPA AB This paper provides a concise, introductory review intended mainly for Mossbauer spectroscopy (MS) scientists not familiar with the most modern aspects of High Pressure (HP) methodology. Following a short introduction to the 1(st) stop generation HP-MS based on Drickamer's pressure cells, we describe the principles of the 2(nd) generation of HP-MS based on the Diamond Anvil Cell (DAC) including in-situ pressure measurements, the use of the high-specific activity Co-57(Rh) point sources, and examples of miniature DAC's. Finally, we present recent studies carried out with Fe-57 HP-MS combined with other HP techniques such as resistivity, and synchrotron-based x-ray diffraction, describing unique cases of the breakdown of magnetism and the Mott transition in hematite (Fe2O3), pressure-induced spin crossover in Wustite (FeO), pressure induced Fe2+ -> Fe3+ in Fe(OH)(2), and (P,T) induced inverse <-> normal spinel transition in magnetite (Fe3O4). C1 Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pasternak, MP (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM moshepa@tau.ac.il NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 170 IS 1-3 BP 15 EP 32 DI 10.1007/s10751-006-9475-2 PG 18 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 137RA UT WOS:000244308500003 ER PT J AU Sahoo, B Keune, W Schuster, E Sturhahn, W Zhao, J Toellner, TS Alp, EE AF Sahoo, B. Keune, W. Schuster, E. Sturhahn, W. Zhao, J. Toellner, T. S. Alp, E. E. TI Vibrational dynamics of Fe in amorphous Fe-Sc and Fe-Al alloy thin films SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE amorphous alloys; Fe-Sc; Fe-Al; thin films; conversion electron Mossbauer spectroscopy (CEMS); nuclear resonant inelastic X-ray scattering; atomic vibrational density of states; boson peak ID DENSITY-OF-STATES; X-RAY-SCATTERING; NUCLEAR RESONANT SCATTERING; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; CRYSTALLINE; GLASSES; MULTILAYERS AB The atomic vibrational dynamics of Fe-57 in 800-angstrom thick amorphous (a-) (Fe0.25Sc0.75)-Fe-57, a-(Fe0.67Sc0.33)-Fe-57 and a-(Fe0.14Al0.86)-Fe-57 alloy thin films has been investigated at room temperature by nuclear resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (NRIXS) of synchrotron radiation. The amorphous phase has been successfully stabilized by codeposition of Fe and Sc or Al in ultrahigh vacuum onto substrates held at -140 degrees C during deposition. The amorphous structure of the samples was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and conversion electron Mossbauer spectroscopy. The Fe-57-projected partial vibrational density of states, g(E), has been obtained from the measured NRIXS vibrational excitation probability, together with thermodynamic quantities such as the probability of recoilless absorption (f-factor), the average kinetic energy per Fe atom, the average force constant, and the vibrational entropy per Fe atom. A plot of the reduced density of states, g(E)/E-2, versus excitation energy E proves the existence of non-Debye-like vibrational modes (boson peak) with a peak energy, E (bp) , in the range of 3-7 meV. Both, the boson peak height H (bp) and E (bp) were found to depend on the composition. Above the boson peak, g(E)/E-2 exhibits an exponential decrease. Our results demonstrates that the features of the boson peak depend on the amount and type of element M (M = Al, Si, Mg, Sc). C1 Univ Duisburg Gesamthsch, Dept Phys, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sahoo, B (reprint author), Univ Duisburg Gesamthsch, Dept Phys, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany. EM balaram_sahoo@uni-duisburg.de RI Sahoo, Balaram/E-4828-2011 OI Sahoo, Balaram/0000-0002-2050-4746 NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 170 IS 1-3 BP 33 EP 46 DI 10.1007/s10751-006-9476-1 PG 14 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 137RA UT WOS:000244308500004 ER PT J AU Cramer, SP Xiao, YM Wang, HX Guo, YS Smith, MC AF Cramer, Stephen P. Xiao, Yuming Wang, Hongxin Guo, Yisong Smith, Matt C. TI Nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS) of Fe-S model compounds, Fe-S proteins, and nitrogenase SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE ferredoxin; rubredoxin; vibrational spectroscopy; synchrotron; Mossbauer ID RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; IRON; CLUSTER; COFACTOR; METALLOCLUSTERS; MOLYBDENUM; RUBREDOXIN AB We have used nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS) to examine the nature of the Fe-S unit. Specifically, vibrational characteristics have been determined, and through incremental steps in model system complexity, applied to analysis of the enzyme nitrogenase. This stepwise strategy demonstrates NRVS as a viable bioinorganic tool, and will undoubtedly increase the application of synchrotron spectroscopy to biological problems. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cramer, SP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM spjcramer@mac.com RI Guo, Yisong/C-7785-2009 OI Guo, Yisong/0000-0002-4132-3565 NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 170 IS 1-3 BP 47 EP 54 DI 10.1007/s10751-006-9473-4 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 137RA UT WOS:000244308500005 ER PT J AU Konjhodzic, A Adamczyk, A Vagizov, F Hasan, Z Alp, EE Sturhahn, W Zhao, JY Carroll, JJ AF Konjhodzic, A. Adamczyk, A. Vagizov, F. Hasan, Z. Alp, E. E. Sturhahn, W. Zhao, Jiyong Carroll, J. J. TI Nuclear forward scattering vs. conventional Mossbauer studies of atomically tailored Eu-based materials SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE europium; nuclear forward scattering; Mossbauer spectroscopy; atomic tailoring; photonic materials; rare-earths ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; RESONANCE SCATTERING; EU-151 AB With the decrease in size of devices, rapid characterization of nano-devices is an inevitable necessity. It is shown that Mossbauer spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation from the advanced photon source provides such a tool of investigation. Results are presented and compared for conventional Mossbauer and Nuclear Forward Scattering for Eu-151-doped magnesium sulfide as an example, especially at low concentrations. C1 Temple Univ, Phys Dept, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Youngstown State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Youngstown, OH 44555 USA. RP Hasan, Z (reprint author), Temple Univ, Phys Dept, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM zhasan@temple.edu RI Vagizov, Farit/C-8106-2013 OI Vagizov, Farit/0000-0001-7965-1583 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 170 IS 1-3 BP 83 EP 89 DI 10.1007/s10751-006-9470-7 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 137RA UT WOS:000244308500010 ER PT J AU Lewis, PR Manginell, RP Adkins, DR Kottenstette, RJ Wheeler, DR Sokolowski, SS Trudell, DE Byrnes, JE Okandan, M Bauer, JM Manley, RG Frye-Mason, GC AF Lewis, PR Manginell, RP Adkins, DR Kottenstette, RJ Wheeler, DR Sokolowski, SS Trudell, DE Byrnes, JE Okandan, M Bauer, JM Manley, RG Frye-Mason, GC TI Recent advancements in the gas-phase MicroChemLab SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acoustic detection microanalytical system; gas chromatography; gas-phase analysis; monolithic integration; pivot plate resonator; preconcentration; surface acoustic wave array (SAW) ID ARRAYS AB Sandia's hand-held MicroChemLab system uses a micromachined preconcentrator, a gas chromatography channel, and a quartz surface acoustic wave array detector for sensitive/selective detection of gas-phase chemical analytes. Requisite system size, performance, power budget, and time response mandate microfabrication of the key analytical system components. In the fielded system, hybrid integration has been employed, permitting optimization of. the individual components. Recent improvements in the hybrid-integrated system, using plastic, metal, or silicon/glass manifolds, is described, as is system performance against semivolatile compounds and toxic industrial chemicals. The design and performance of a new three-dimensional micro-preconcentrator is also introduced. To further reduce system dead volume, eliminate unheated transfer lines, and simplify assembly, there is an effort to monolithically integrate the silicon PC and GC with a suitable silicon-based detector, such as a magnetically-actuated flexural plate wave sensor or a magnetically-actuated pivot plate resonator. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Microelect Engn, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Nomad Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87107 USA. RP Lewis, PR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM prlewis@sandia.gov; rpmangi@sandia.gov; dradkin@sandi.gov; rkotten@sandia.gov; drwheel@sandia.gov; sssokol@sandia.gov; detrude@sandia.gov; mokanda@sandia.gov; jmbauer@sandia.gov; gfryemason@nomadics.com OI Manley, Robert/0000-0002-6518-3528 NR 20 TC 138 Z9 142 U1 6 U2 37 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 6 IS 3 BP 784 EP 795 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2006.874495 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 047EB UT WOS:000237861500035 ER PT J AU Mihara, T Iwashita, Y Kumada, M Spencer, CM AF Mihara, T. Iwashita, Y. Kumada, M. Spencer, C. M. TI Variable permanent magnet quadrupole SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE accelerator magnets; accelerators; linear accelerators; permanent magnets AB A permanent magnet quadrupole (PMQ) is one of the candidates for the final focus lens in a linear collider. An over 120 T/m strong variable permanent magnet quadrupole is achieved by the introduction of saturated iron and a 'double ring structure'. A fabricated PMQ achieved 24 T integrated gradient with phi 20 mm bore diameter, phi 100 mm magnet diameter and 20 cm pole length. The strength of the PMQ is adjustable in 1.4 T steps, due to its 'double ring structure': the PMQ is split into two nested rings; the outer ring is sliced along the beam line into four parts and is rotated to change the strength. This paper describes the variable PMQ from fabrication to recent adjustments. C1 Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Inage Ku, Chiba 2638555, Japan. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Mihara, T (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Gokasho Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. EM mihara@kyticr.kuicr.kyoto-u.ac.jp; iwashita@kyticr.kuicr.kyoto-u.ac.jp; amc-kumada@cocoa.plala.or.jp; Cherrill@slac.stanford.edu NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 224 EP 227 DI 10.1109/TASC.2006.873248 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100039 ER PT J AU Brindza, PD Beck, D Nakahara, K Spayde, D Williamson, S Antaya, TA Trepanitis, M Brandsberg, T AF Brindza, P. D. Beck, D. Nakahara, K. Spayde, D. Williamson, S. Antaya, T. A. Trepanitis, M. Brandsberg, T. TI The G0 Spectrometer superconducting magnet system: From a challenging construction to reliable operations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE detector magnets; superconducting magnets; toroidal magnets ID DESIGN AB We report on the design, fabrication, commissioning and operation of a large superconducting magnet system that is an important element of the 8 sector super conducting toroidal GO Spectrometer located at Jefferson Lab (JLAB) in Newport News, VA. The purpose of the GO experiment is the high precision measurement of polarized electron scattering by protons to isolate the strange quark content of normal baryonic matter by observing parity violation caused by the weak interaction. The GO spectrometer has been operating for three years and first results are submitted for publication [1]. The G0 SC torus is 4 meters long and 4 meters outside diameter and produces 3 Tesla in the 8 gaps that are accessible to particles. The realization of this 8 sector superconducting toroidal magnet required the development of a number of challenging large scale features including: large total open solid angle, high sector-sector field symmetry, the symmetry axis aligned perpendicular to gravity, the location of the liquid hydrogen (proton) target on axis in the magnet cryostat, and large surface area but thin titanium exit windows on one end of the cryostat. The cryostat consists of a super-alloy welded low permeability stainless steel shell (to minimize magnetization effects) and aluminum end caps. The 8 superconducting coils have unique characteristics including dry pancake wound copper stabilized NbTi conductors, encased in aluminum structure, mechanically preloaded and indirectly cooled by a set of parallel thermo siphon circuits. This magnet was built by BWXT under a fixed price performance contract that included fabrication to a defined ideal cold current spatial distribution. The commissioning and operations will be discussed. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. BWX Technol, Lynchburg, VA USA. RP Brindza, PD (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM Brindza@jlab.org NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 248 EP 252 DI 10.1109/TASC.2006.871210 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100044 ER PT J AU Sabbi, G Gourlay, S Gung, CY Hafalia, R Lietzke, A Martovetsky, N Mattafirri, S Meinke, R Minervini, J Schultz, J Seidl, P AF Sabbi, GianLuca Gourlay, Steve Gung, Chen-yu Hafalia, Ray Lietzke, Alan Martovetsky, Nicolai Mattafirri, Sara Meinke, Rainer Minervini, Joseph Schultz, Joel Seidl, Peter TI Optimization of superconducting focusing quadrupoles for the High Current Experiment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE heavy ion accelerator; inertial fusion energy; superconducting accelerator quadrupole ID HEAVY-ION FUSION AB The Heavy Ion Fusion (HIF) program is progressing through a series of physics and technology demonstrations leading to an inertial fusion power plant. The High Current Experiment (HCX) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is exploring the physics, of intense beams with high line-charge density. Superconducting focusing quadrupoles were developed for magnetic transport studies at the HCX. A baseline design was selected following several pre-series models. Optimization of the baseline design led to the development of a first prototype that achieved a conductor-limited gradient of 132 T/m in a 70 mm bore, without training, with measured field errors at the 0.1% level. Based on these results, the magnet geometry and fabrication procedures were adjusted to improve the field quality. These modifications were implemented in a second prototype. In this paper, the optimized design is presented and comparisons between the design harmonics and magnetic measurements performed on the new prototype are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sabbi, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM GLSabbi@lbl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 301 EP 304 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.869689 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100057 ER PT J AU Limon, PJ AF Limon, Peter J. TI Perspectives of Nb3Sn in future accelerator magnets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE accelerator magnets; Nb3Sn accelerator magnets; superconducting accelerator magnets; superconducting magnets ID HIGH-FIELD MAGNETS; DIPOLE MAGNET; STABILITY; FERMILAB; STRANDS; CABLES AB Upgrades presently being planned for high-energy hadron colliders require magnet performance beyond the capabilities of NbTi superconducting wire. Recent improvements in the performance of Nb3Sn material and in the capability to use it in practical magnets make it the logical choice for the next generation of accelerator magnets. We discuss recent results of R&D programs, some remaining issues and possible solutions. Recent progress in understanding and in technical details of design and assembly have made Nb-3 Sn magnets easier to fabricate and more reliable in performance. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60540 USA. RP Limon, PJ (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60540 USA. EM pjlimon@fnal.gov NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 305 EP 310 DI 10.1109/TASC.2006.870782 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100058 ER PT J AU Feher, S Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Barzi, E Bordini, B Bossert, R Carcagno, R Kashikhin, VS Kashikhin, VV Lamm, MJ Novitski, I Pischalnikov, Y Sylvester, C Tartaglia, M Turrioni, D Yamada, R Zlobin, AV AF Feher, S. Ambrosio, G. Andreev, N. Barzi, E. Bordini, B. Bossert, R. Carcagno, R. Kashikhin, V. S. Kashikhin, V. V. Lamm, M. J. Novitski, I. Pischalnikov, Yu. Sylvester, C. Tartaglia, M. Turrioni, D. Yamada, R. Zlobin, A. V. TI Development and test of Nb3Sn cos(theta) magnets based on RRP and PIT strands SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE high field dipole; Nb3Sn strands and cables; powder-in-tube technology; superconducting accelerator magnets ID INSTABILITIES; CABLES AB As part of the High Field Magnet program at Fermilab three cos(Theta) magnets-two mirror dipole magnets utilizing RRP cable and one dipole magnet utilizing PIT cable-have been designed, fabricated and tested. recently. Both mirror magnets with RRP strands only reached similar to 50-60% of their estimated critical current limit. The PIT conductor based dipole however reached its critical current limit producing over 10 T magnetic field in the bore of the magnet. This paper describes the parameters of superconducting strands and cable, the details of magnet design and fabrication procedure, and reports the results. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Feher, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM fehers@fnal.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 315 EP 318 DI 10.1109/TASC.2006.870784 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100060 ER PT J AU Barzi, E Bossert, R Caspi, S Dietderich, D Ferracin, P Ghosh, A Turrioni, D Yamada, R Zlobin, AV AF Barzi, Emanuela Bossert, Rodger Caspi, Shlomo Dietderich, Dan Ferracin, Paolo Ghosh, Arup Turrioni, Daniele Yamada, Ryuji Zlobin, Alexander V. TI Round and extracted Nb3Sn strand tests for LARP magnet R&D SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE critical current density; magnetic instability; Nb3Sn; Rutherford cable ID FIELD; STABILITY; TRANSFORMER; PERFORMANCE AB The first step in the magnet R&D of the U.S. LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) is fabrication of technology quadrupoles TQS01 and TQC01. These are two-layer magnets which use cables of same geometry made of 0.7 mm MJR Nb3Sn. Through strand billet qualification and tests of strands extracted from the cables, predictions of magnet performance are made. Measurements included the critical current, I-c, using the voltage-current (VI) method at constant field, the stability current, I-S, as the minimal quench current obtained with the voltage-field (VH) method at constant current in the sample, and RRR. Magnetization was measured at low and high fields to determine the effective filament size and to detect flux jumps. Effects of heat treatment duration and temperature on I-c and I-S were also studied. The Nb3Sn strand and cable samples, the equipment, measurement procedures, and results are described. Based on these results, strand specifications were formulated for next LARP quadrupole models. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Barzi, E (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM barzi@fnal.gov; s_caspi@lbl.gov; drdietderich@lbl.gov; aghosh@bnl.gov NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 319 EP 323 DI 10.1109/TASC.2006.870785 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100061 ER PT J AU Gourlay, SA Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Anerella, M Barzi, E Bossert, R Caspi, S Dietderich, DR Ferracin, P Gupta, R Ghosh, A Hafalia, AR Hannaford, CR Harrison, M Kashikhin, VS Kashikhin, VV Lietzke, AF Mattafirri, S McInturff, AD Nobrega, F Novitsky, I Sabbi, GL Schmazle, J Stanek, R Turrioni, D Wanderer, P Yamada, R Zlobin, AV AF Gourlay, S. A. Ambrosio, G. Andreev, N. Anerella, M. Barzi, E. Bossert, R. Caspi, S. Dietderich, D. R. Ferracin, P. Gupta, R. Ghosh, A. Hafalia, A. R. Hannaford, C. R. Harrison, M. Kashikhin, V. S. Kashikhin, V. V. Lietzke, A. F. Mattafirri, S. McInturff, A. D. Nobrega, F. Novitsky, I. Sabbi, G. L. Schmazle, J. Stanek, R. Turrioni, D. Wanderer, P. Yamada, R. Zlobin, A. V. TI Magnet R&D for the US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE accelerator; magnets; Nb3Sn; quadrupole; superconducting AB In 2004, the US DOE established the LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) with the goal of developing a technology base for future upgrades of the LHC. The focus of the magnet program, which is a collaboration of three US laboratories, BNL, FNAL and LBNL, is on development of high gradient quadrupoles using Nb3Sn superconductor. Other program components address issues regarding magnet design, radiation-hard materials, long magnet scale-up, quench protection, fabrication techniques and conductor and cable R&D. This paper presents an overall view of the program with emphasis on the current quadrupole project and outlines the long-term goals of the program. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gourlay, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sagourlay@lbl.gov NR 9 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 324 EP 327 DI 10.1109/TASC.2006.870786 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100062 ER PT J AU Wanderer, P AF Wanderer, Peter TI Exotic magnets for accelerators SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE accelerator magnets; combined function magnets; HTS magnets; superconducting magnets ID DESIGN AB Over the last few years, several novel magnet designs have been introduced to meet the requirements of new, high performance accelerators and beam lines. For example, the FAIR project at GSI requires superconducting magnets ramped at high rates (similar to 4 T/s) in order to achieve the design intensity. Magnets for the RIA and FAIR projects and for the next generation of LHC interaction regions will need to withstand high doses of radiation. Helical magnets are required to maintain and control the polarization of high energy protons at RHIC. In other cases, novel magnets have been designed in response to limited budgets and space. For example, it is planned to use combined function superconducting magnets for the 50 GeV proton transport line at J-PARC to satisfy both budget and performance requirements. Novel coil winding methods have been developed for short, large aperture magnets such as those used in the insertion region upgrade at BEPC. This paper will highlight the novel features of these exotic magnets. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Supercond Magnet Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wanderer, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Supercond Magnet Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM wanderer@bnl.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 328 EP 333 DI 10.1109/TASC.2006.871283 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100063 ER PT J AU Piekarz, H Carcagno, R Claypool, B Foster, GW Hays, SL Huang, Y Kashikhin, V Malamud, E Mazur, PO Nehring, R Oleck, A Rabehl, R Schlabach, P Sylvester, C Velev, G Volk, J Wake, M AF Piekarz, H. Carcagno, R. Claypool, B. Foster, G. W. Hays, S. L. Huang, Y. Kashikhin, V. Malamud, E. Mazur, P. O. Nehring, R. Oleck, A. Rabehl, R. Schlabach, P. Sylvester, C. Velev, G. Volk, J. Wake, M. TI A test of a 2 Tesla superconducting transmission line magnet system SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE accelerator magnets; superconducting transmission line magnet; system test AB A Superconducting transmission line magnet test system for the stage 1 accelerator of a staged VLHC proton-proton collider has been built and operated at Fermilab. The 1.5 m long, twin-aperture, combined function dipole magnet of 2 Tesla field is excited by a single turn 100 kA transmission line superconductor. The 100 kA dc current is generated using dc-dc switching converters powered by a bulk 240 kW supply. A pair of horizontally placed conventional leads facilitates transfer of this current to the magnet transmission line superconductor operating at liquid helium temperature. Fabrication of magnet components and magnet assembly work are described. The magnet test system and its operation are presented, and the performance is summarized. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. KEK High Energy Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RP Piekarz, H (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM hpiekarz@fnal.gov; ruben@fnal.gov; claypool@fnal.gov; gwf@fnal.gov; slh@fnal.gov; huangy@fnal.gov; kash@fnal.gov; malamud@fnal.gov; mazur@fnal.gov; rnehring@fnal.gov; aoleck@fnal.gov; rabehl@fnal.gov; schlabach@fnal.gov; Sylvester@fnal.gov; velev@fnal.gov; volk@fnal.gov NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 342 EP 345 DI 10.1109/TASC.2006.871285 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100066 ER PT J AU Martovetsky, NN Meinke, RB AF Martovetsky, Nicolai N. Meinke, Rainer B. TI Optimization of a 3 x 3 focusing array for heavy ion drivers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE focusing; shielding; superconducting accelerator magnets ID QUADRUPOLE AB A heavy ion driver for inertial fusion will accelerate an array of beams through common induction cores and then direct the beams onto the DT target. An array of quadrupole focusing magnets is used to prevent beam expansion from space charge forces. In the array, the magnet fields from the coils embracing the beams are coupled, which reduces the cost of superconductor and increases the focusing power. The challenges in designing such an array are meeting the strict requirements for the quadrupole field inside the beam pipes and preventing stray fields outside. We report our optimization effort on designing such an array and show that 3 x 3 or larger arrays are feasible and practical to build with flat racetrack coils. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Adv Magnet Lab, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. RP Martovetsky, NN (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM martovetsky1@llnl.gov; rbmeinke@yahoo.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 346 EP 349 DI 10.1109/TASC.2006.871289 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100067 ER PT J AU Andreev, N Kashikhin, VS Kashikhin, VV Zlobin, AV AF Andreev, N. Kashikhin, V. S. Kashikhin, V. V. Zlobin, A. V. TI Design study of 13-16 T Nb3Sn accelerator dipole based on shell-type coils SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE magnetic analysis; magnetic fields; superconducting accelerator magnets ID FERMILAB AB This paper presents results of design studies of high-field dipole magnets based on Nb3Sn shell-type coils performed to explore the possibilities and limitations of Nb3Sn accelerator magnets. To achieve the maximum bore field of 13-16 T, 3- and 4-layer coils were used. The coil design concepts, conductor parameters, results of magnetic and mechanical analysis are presented and discussed. Different conductor grading techniques are described and compared. An innovative design of a 3-layer coil without interlayer splices is described. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Andreev, N (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM zlobin@fnal.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 350 EP 353 DI 10.1109/TASC.2006.871313 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100068 ER PT J AU Caspi, S Ferracin, P Gourlay, S AF Caspi, S. Ferracin, P. Gourlay, S. TI Graded high field Nb3Sn dipole magnets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE grading; stored energy; stress; superconducting magnets AB Dipole magnets with fields beyond 16T will require superconducting coils that are at least 40 mm thick, an applied pres-stress around 150 MPa and a protection scheme for stored energy in the range of 1-2 MJ/m. The coil size will have a direct impact on the overall magnet cost and the stored energy will raise new questions on protection. To reduce coil size and minimize risk, the coil may have to be graded. Grading is achieved by splitting the coil into several layers with current densities that match the short sample field in each layer. Grading, especially at high fields, can be effective; however it will also significantly raise the stress. In this paper we report on the results of a study on the coil size and field relation to that of the stress and stored energy. We then extend the results to graded coils and attempt to address high stress issues and ways to reduce it. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Caspi, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM s_caspi@lbl.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 354 EP 357 DI 10.1109/TASC.2006.873328 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100069 ER PT J AU Caspi, S Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Barzi, E Bossert, RC Dietderich, DR Ferracin, P Ghosh, A Gourlay, SA Hafalia, AR Hannaford, CR Kashikhin, VS Kashikhin, VV Lietzke, AF Mattafirri, S McInturff, AD Novitsky, IV Sabbi, GL Turrioni, D Yamada, R Zlobin, AV AF Caspi, S. Ambrosio, G. Andreev, N. Barzi, E. Bossert, R. C. Dietderich, D. R. Ferracin, P. Ghosh, A. Gourlay, S. A. Hafalia, A. R. Hannaford, C. R. Kashikhin, V. S. Kashikhin, V. V. Lietzke, A. F. Mattafirri, S. McInturff, A. D. Novitsky, I. V. Sabbi, G. L. Turrioni, D. Yamada, R. Zlobin, A. V. TI Design and analysis of TQS01, a 90 mm Nb3Sn model quadrupole for LHC luminosity upgrade based on a key and bladder assembly SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE bladders; keys; LARP; LHC IR; Nb3Sn; quadrupole magnet ID MAGNETS; IR AB The US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) is developing Nb3Sn accelerator magnet technology for the LHC luminosity upgrade. Two 90 mm "Technology Quadrupole" models (TQS01, TQC01) are being developed in close collaboration between LBNL and FNAL, using identical coil design, but two different support structures. The TQS01 structure was developed and tested at LBNL. With this approach coils are supported by an outer aluminum shell and assembled using keys and bladders. In contrast, the second model TQC01, utilize stainless steel collars and a thick stainless steel skin. This paper describes the TQS01 model magnet, its 3D ANSYS stress analysis, and anticipated instrumentation and assembly procedure. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Caspi, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM s_caspi@lbl.gov NR 5 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 358 EP 361 DI 10.1109/TASC.2006.871315 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100070 ER PT J AU Bordini, B Ambrosio, G Barzi, E Carcagno, R Feher, S Kashikhin, VV Lamm, MJ Orris, D Tartaglia, M Tompkins, JC Turrioni, D Yamada, R Zlobin, AV AF Bordini, B. Ambrosio, G. Barzi, E. Carcagno, R. Feher, S. Kashikhin, V. V. Lamm, M. J. Orris, D. Tartaglia, M. Tompkins, J. C. Turrioni, D. Yamada, R. Zlobin, A. V. TI Voltage spikes in Nb3Sn and NbTi strands SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE instability; magnet; Nb3Sn; voltage spike ID SUPERCONDUCTING ACCELERATOR MAGNETS AB As part of the High Field Magnet program at Fermilab several NbTi and Nb3Sn strands were tested with particular emphasis on the study of voltage spikes and their relationship to superconductor instabilities. The voltage spikes were detected under various experimental conditions using voltage-current (V-I) and voltage-field (V-H) methods. Two types of spikes, designated 'magnetization' and 'transport current' spikes, have been identified. Their origin is most likely related to magnetization flux jump and transport current redistribution, respectively. Many of the signals observed appear to be a combination of these two types of spikes; the combination of these two instability mechanisms should play a dominant role in determining the minimum quench current. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Bordini, B (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM bernardo@fnal.gov NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 366 EP 369 DI 10.1109/TASC.2006.871319 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100072 ER PT J AU Bossert, RC Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Barzi, E Caspi, S Dietderich, DR Ferracin, P Ghosh, A Gourlay, SA Hafalia, AR Hannaford, CR Kashikhin, VS Kashikhin, VV Lietzke, AF Mattafirri, S McInturff, AD Novitski, I Sabbi, GL Turrioni, D Whitson, G Yamada, R Zlobin, AV AF Bossert, R. C. Ambrosio, G. Andreev, N. Barzi, E. Caspi, S. Dietderich, D. R. Ferracin, P. Ghosh, A. Gourlay, S. A. Hafalia, A. R. Hannaford, C. R. Kashikhin, V. S. Kashikhin, V. V. Lietzke, A. F. Mattafirri, S. McInturff, A. D. Novitski, I. Sabbi, G. L. Turrioni, D. Whitson, G. Yamada, R. Zlobin, A. V. TI Development of TQC01, a 90 mm Nb3Sn model quadrupole for LHC upgrade based on SS collar SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE collars; LARP; LHC IR; Nb3Sn; quadrupole magnet; skin; yoke ID MAGNET AB As a first step toward the development of a large-aperture Nb3Sn superconducting quadrupole for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) luminosity upgrade, two-layer technological quadrupole models (TQS01 at LBNL and TQC01 at Fermilab) are being constructed within the framework of the US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP). Both models use the same coil design, but have different coil support structures. This paper describes the TQC01 design, fabrication technology and summarizes its main parameters. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bossert, RC (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM bossert@fnal.gov NR 7 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 370 EP 373 DI 10.1109/TASC.2006.871320 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100073 ER PT J AU Ferracin, P Bartlett, SE Caspi, S Dietderich, DR Gourlay, SA Hafalia, AR Hannaford, CR Lietzke, AF Mattafirri, S McInturff, AD Sabbi, GL AF Ferracin, P. Bartlett, S. E. Caspi, S. Dietderich, D. R. Gourlay, S. A. Hafalia, A. R. Hannaford, C. R. Lietzke, A. F. Mattafirri, S. McInturff, A. D. Sabbi, G. L. TI Mechanical design of HD2, a 15 T Nb3Sn dipole magnet with a 35 mm bore SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE dipole magnet; Nb3Sn AB After the fabrication and test of HD1, a 16 T Nb3Sn dipole magnet based on flat racetrack coil configuration, the Superconducting Magnet Program at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) is developing the Nb3Sn dipole HD2. With a dipole field above 15 T, a 35 nun clear bore, and nominal field harmonies within a fraction of one unit, HD2 represents a further step towards the application of block-type coils to high-field accelerator magnets. The design features tilted racetrack-type ends, to avoid obstructing the beam path, and a 4 mm thick stainless steel tube, to support the coil during the pre-loading operation. The mechanical structure, similar to the one used for HD1, is based on an external aluminum shell pre-tensioned with pressurized bladders. Axial rods and stainless steel plates provide longitudinal support to the coil ends during magnet excitation. A 3D finite element analysis has been performed to evaluate stresses and deformations from assembly to excitation, with particular emphasis on conductor displacements due to Lorentz forces. Numerical results are presented and discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ferracin, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pferracin@lbl.gov NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 378 EP 381 DI 10.1109/TASC.2006.871323 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100075 ER PT J AU Ferracin, P Ambrosio, G Bartlett, SE Bordini, B Carcagno, RH Caspi, S Dietderich, DR Feher, S Gourlay, SA Hafalia, AR Kashikhin, VV Lamm, MJ Lietzke, AF Mattafirri, S McInturff, AD Orris, DF Pischalnikov, YM Sabbi, GL Sylvester, CD Tartaglia, MA Velev, GV Zlobin, AV AF Ferracin, P. Ambrosio, G. Bartlett, S. E. Bordini, B. Carcagno, R. H. Caspi, S. Dietderich, D. R. Feher, S. Gourlay, S. A. Hafalia, A. R. Kashikhin, V. V. Lamm, M. J. Lietzke, A. F. Mattafirri, S. McInturff, A. D. Orris, D. F. Pischalnikov, Y. M. Sabbi, G. L. Sylvester, C. D. Tartaglia, M. A. Velev, G. V. Zlobin, A. V. TI Assembly and test of SQ01b, a Nb3Sn quadrupole magnet for the LHC accelerator research program SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE LARP; Nb3Sn; quadrupole magnet AB The US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) consists of four US laboratories (BNL, FNAL, LBNL, and SLAC) collaborating with CERN to achieve a successful commissioning of the LHC and to develop the next generation of Interaction Region magnets. In 2004, a large aperture Nb3Sn racetrack quadrupole magnet (SQ01) has been fabricated and tested at LBNL. The magnet utilized four subscale racetrack coils. and was instrumented with strain gauges on the support structure and directly over the coil's turns. SQ01 exhibited training quenches in two of the four coils and reached a peak field in the conductor of 10.4 T at a current of 10.6 kA. After the test, the magnet was disassembled, inspected with pressure indicating films, and reassembled with minor modifications. A second test (SQ01b) was performed at FNAL and included training studies, strain gauge measurements and magnetic measurements. Magnet inspection, test results, and magnetic measurements are reported and discussed, and a comparison between strain gauge measurements and 3D finite element computations is presented.. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Ferracin, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pferracin@lbl.gov NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 382 EP 385 DI 10.1109/TASC.2006.871325 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100076 ER PT J AU Noyes, P Blackburn, R Diaczenko, N Elliott, T Henchel, W Jaisle, A McInturff, A McIntyre, P Sattarov, A AF Noyes, P. Blackburn, R. Diaczenko, N. Elliott, T. Henchel, W. Jaisle, A. McInturff, A. McIntyre, P. Sattarov, A. TI Construction of a mirror-configuration stress-managed Nb3Sn block-coil dipole SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE collider; Nb3Sn; stress; superconducting dipole AB The second phase of development of a new high-field dipole technology has been completed. A model dipole employing wind/react Nb3Sn cable and stress-managed block coil geometry was fabricated and will soon be tested at LBNL. The dipole features stress-strain management in its internal windings and metal-filled bladder preload. Pending validation of performance of these new features, the new technology should result in improved cost-effective fabrication of dipoles for 16 T and beyond. Construction experience and plans for the next phase,of development are presented. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Noyes, P (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM admcinturff@lbl.gov; p-mcintyre@physics.tamu.edu NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 391 EP 394 DI 10.1109/TASC.2006.871326 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100078 ER PT J AU Feher, S Bossert, R DiMarco, J Karppinen, M Kerby, J Kimura, N Lamm, MJ Nakamoto, T Nicol, T Nobrega, A Ogitsu, T Ohuchi, N Ostojic, R Page, T Peterson, T Rabehl, R Schlabach, P Shintomi, T Strait, J Sylvester, C Tartaglia, M Taylor, T Tsuchiya, K Delsolaro, WV Velev, GV Yamamoto, A AF Feher, S. Bossert, R. DiMarco, J. Karppinen, M. Kerby, J. Kimura, N. Lamm, M. J. Nakamoto, T. Nicol, T. Nobrega, A. Ogitsu, T. Ohuchi, N. Ostojic, R. Page, T. Peterson, T. Rabehl, R. Schlabach, P. Shintomi, T. Strait, J. Sylvester, C. Tartaglia, M. Taylor, T. Tsuchiya, K. Venturini Delsolaro, W. Velev, G. V. Yamamoto, A. TI Production and installation of the LHC low-beta triplets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE correctors; LHC; quadrupole; super-conducting magnets ID QUADRUPOLES AB The LHC performance depends critically on the low- beta triplets, located on either side of the four interaction points. Each triplet consists of four superconducting quadrupole magnets, which must operate reliably at up to 215 T/m, sustain extremely high heat loads and have an excellent field quality. A collaboration of CERN, Fermilab and KEK was formed in 1996 to design and build the triplet systems, and after nine years of joint effort the production will be completed in early 2006. We retrace the main events of the project and present the design features and performance of the low- beta quadrupoles, built by KEK and Fermilab, as well as of other vital elements of the triplet. The tunnel installation of the first triplet and plans for commissioning in the LHC are also presented. Apart from the excellent technical results, the construction of the LHC low- beta triplets has been a highly enriching experience combining harmoniously the different competences and approaches to engineering in a style reminiscent of high energy physics experiment collaborations. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RP Feher, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM fehers@fnal.gov NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 437 EP 440 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.864259 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100089 ER PT J AU Tartaglia, MA Feher, S Hocker, A Lamm, M Schlabach, P Sylvester, C Tompkins, JC AF Tartaglia, M. A. Feher, S. Hocker, A. Lamm, M. Schlabach, P. Sylvester, C. Tompkins, J. C. TI Quench antenna studies of mechanical and quench performance in Fermilab interaction region quadrupoles for LHC SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE high gradient quadrupole; magnetic field measurement; superconducting accelerator magnets ID MAGNETS AB As part of the US-LHC collaboration, Fermilab has built and tested seventeen high gradient quadrupole magnets, assembled into nine cryostats, for installation at the Large Hadron Collider Interaction Regions. Most of these magnets have only quarter coil voltage taps for quench characterization, but the magnetic measurement warm bore is instrumented with a quench antenna for localization and characterization. We report on studies using the quench antenna for pre-production prototype (with extensive voltage taps) and 17 production magnets. These include a summary of quench localization and development characteristics, as well as general features of flux changes observed during training ramps. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Tartaglia, MA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM tartaglia@fnal.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 441 EP 444 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.864292 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100090 ER PT J AU Huang, YN Foster, GW Kim, SW Mazur, PO Oleck, A Piekarz, H Rabehl, R Wake, M AF Huang, Yuenian Foster, G. William Kim, Seog-Whan Mazur, Peter O. Oleck, Andrew Piekarz, Henryk Rabehl, Roger Wake, Masayoshi TI The development of 100 kA current leads for a superconducting transmission line magnet SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE current leads; heat transfer; power supply; transmission line magnet AB A pair of current leads to power a transmission line magnet cooled at liquid helium temperature has been designed and developed at Fermilab. The leads were designed to carry 100 kA dc current. Each lead consists of a warm end, a heat exchanger section and a cold end. The warm end is a half moon shaped plate brazed to cylinder. The heat exchanger section is made of 202 copper rods arranged in a staggered pattern. Each rod is 6.35 mm in diameter and 1650 mm in length. The rods were soft-soldered into 12.7 mm deep holes at both warm and cold ends. The helium gas flow, guided by anodized aluminum baffles along the lead length, allows for a relatively high heat transfer coefficient between the current carrying rods and cooling helium gas. The current leads were successfully tested with a ramping current of up to 104 kA. The current lead design, assembly work and the test results are presented. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RP Huang, YN (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM huangy@fnal.gov; gwf@fnal.gov; swkim@keri.re.kr; mazur@fnal.gov; aoleck@fnal.gov; hpiekarz@fnal.gov; rabehl@fnal.gov; wake@post.kek.jp NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 457 EP 460 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.869627 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100094 ER PT J AU Smith, RP Wands, RH AF Smith, Richard P. Wands, Robert H. TI A five tesla solenoid with detector integrated dipole for the silicon detector at the international linear collider SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE detector integrated dipole; magnet; particle physics detector; solenoid; superconducting AB A conceptual design study for a 5 Tesla superconducting solenoid for the Silicon Detector (SiD) of the International Linear Collider (ILC) has been undertaken. Utilizing the existing Compact Muon Spectrometer (CMS) magnet conductor as the starting point, a winding design has been proposed for the magnet. Finite element analysis shows the resulting magnetic stresses in the coil do not greatly extrapolate beyond those of CMS, and decentering forces to the muon steel are shown to be manageable. For compensation of finite crossing angles of the ILC beams, a dipole coil integrated with the solenoid is examined. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Smith, RP (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM rpsmith@fnal.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 489 EP 492 DI 10.1109/TASC.2006.873330 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100102 ER PT J AU Zanino, R Bagnasco, M Baker, W Bellina, F Bruzzone, P della Corte, A Ilyin, Y Martovetsky, N Mitchell, N Muzzi, L Nijhuis, A Nunoya, Y Okuno, K Rajainmaki, H Ribani, PL Ricci, M Salpietro, E Richard, LS Shikov, A Sytnikov, V Takahashi, Y Taran, A Vedernikov, G Zapretilina, E AF Zanino, R. Bagnasco, M. Baker, W. Bellina, F. Bruzzone, P. della Corte, A. Ilyin, Y. Martovetsky, N. Mitchell, N. Muzzi, L. Nijhuis, A. Nunoya, Y. Okuno, K. Rajainmaki, H. Ribani, P. L. Ricci, M. Salpietro, E. Richard, L. Savoldi Shikov, A. Sytnikov, V. Takahashi, Y. Taran, A. Vedernikov, G. Zapretilina, E. TI Implications of NbTi short-sample test results and analysis for the ITER poloidal field conductor insert (PFCI) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Genoa, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondazione Carige, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE fusion reactors; ITER; modeling; superconducting coils ID SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETS; CABLES; CODE AB As the test of the PFC1 is foreseen in 2006 at JAERI Naka, Japan, it is essential to consider in detail the lessons learned from the short NbTi sample tests, as well as the issues left open after them, in order to develop a suitable test program of the PFC1 aimed at bridging the extrapolation gap between measured strand and future PF coil performance. Here we consider in particular the following issues: 1) the actual possibility to quench the PFCI conductor in the T(CS) tests before quenching the intermediate joint, 2) the question of the so-called sudden or premature quench, based on SULTAN sample results, applying a recently developed multi-solid and multi-channel extension of the Mithrandir code to a short sample analysis; 3) the feasibility of the AC losses calorimetry in the PFCI. C1 Politecn Torino, Dipartimento Energet, Turin, Italy. EFDA, Garching, Germany. Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. CRPP, Villigen, Switzerland. ENEA, Frascati, Italy. Univ Twente, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. LLNL, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. ITER IT, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan. JAERI, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan. Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. AA Bochvar Inorgan Mat Res Inst, Moscow, Russia. Inst Cabling Ind, Moscow, Russia. Efremov Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. RP Zanino, R (reprint author), Politecn Torino, Dipartimento Energet, Turin, Italy. EM roberto.zanino@polito.it OI Muzzi, Luigi/0000-0001-8465-3364 NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 886 EP 889 DI 10.1109/TASC.2006.873318 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100197 ER PT J AU Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Barzi, E Bordini, B Denarie, CH Feher, S Kashikhin, V Verweij, AP Zlobin, AV AF Ambrosio, G. Andreev, N. Barzi, E. Bordini, B. Denarie, C. -H. Feher, S. Kashikhin, V. Verweij, A. P. Zlobin, A. V. TI Measurement of critical current and instability threshold of Rutherford-type Nb3Sn cables SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE critical current measurement; niobium-tin; superconducting cables; superconductor instability ID ACCELERATOR MAGNETS; STRANDS AB As part of a collaboration between FNAL and CERN, Nb3Sn Rutherford-type cables made of different wires (MJR and PIT) have been assembled in the sample holder at FNAL and tested at FRESCA (CERN). All cable samples had 28 strands with 1-mm diameter, and a trapezoidal cross-section with 0.9-1 degree keystone angle. All samples were tested at 4.3 and 1.8 K. After the first series of tests both cables were retested with higher prestress. The PIT sample was extensively retested at 1.9 K. During the second run the MJR sample was also tested at constant current in sweeping field in order to characterize its stability. All samples showed signs of instability and several voltage spikes were detected and recorded. Critical current and instability threshold measurements are presented and compared with previous tests and magnet performances. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60130 USA. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RP Ambrosio, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60130 USA. EM giorgioa@fnal.gov NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 1160 EP 1163 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.864249 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100262 ER PT J AU Collings, EW Sumption, MD Dietderich, DR Ilyin, Y Nijhuis, A AF Collings, E. W. Sumption, M. D. Dietderich, D. R. Ilyin, Y. Nijhuis, A. TI Magnetic measurements of interstrand contact resistance in Nb3Sn cables in response to variation of pre-heat-treatment condition SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE AC loss; interstrand contact resistance; magnetic measurement; Nb3S n; Rutherford cable ID COUPLING LOSSES; AC LOSS; FIELDS AB Inductive (pickup-coil) magnetometry was used to measure AC loss in uncored Nb3Sn. Rutherford cables in the perpendicular and parallel orientations of the applied field. The four cables selected for study had widths of 8, and 13 mm and strand counts of 20 and 30, respectively. Under various surface conditions they were reaction heat treated (RHT) then vacuum impregnated with resin in preparation for measurement. The magnetic measurements were made at 4.2 K in sinusoidal fields of amplitude 400 mT and frequencies of 5 to 90 mHz, The total per-cycle loss so obtained was used to deduce the "crossover" interstrand contact resistance (ICR). Attention is focused on the ICRs of one particular 8-mm/20-strand cable measured in this and previous studies under several pre-RHT conditions: (i) as-received, (ii) acetone-degreased, and (iii) acetone-degreased then HCl-deoxidized then acetone rinsed. A comparison is also made to the ICR of a sub-size cored Nb3Sn cable. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, LASM, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Superconduct Magnet Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Collings, EW (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, LASM, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM collings.2@osu.edu; derich@lbl.gov; y.ilyin@tnw.utwente.nl; a.nijhuis@tnw.utwente.nl RI Sumption, Mike/N-5913-2016 OI Sumption, Mike/0000-0002-4243-8380 NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 1200 EP 1203 DI 10.1109/TASC.2006.871297 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100272 ER PT J AU Kashikhin, VS Andreev, N Kashikhin, VV Novitski, I Zlobin, A AF Kashikhin, Vladimir S. Andreev, Nikolai Kashikhin, Vadim V. Novitski, Igor Zlobin, Alexander TI Superconducting double dipolle high field magnet SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE dipole; Nb3Sn; superconducting magnet AB Recent progress in Nb3Sn superconductor technology provides the base for increasing magnet field in accelerator magnets up to 15-16 T. The work on such magnets based on both block-type and shell-type coils are in progress at Fermilab, LBNL and elsewhere. One of the novel approaches to the design of this magnet is to split the magnet winding into two separate dipole windings powered in series or separately. Each winding generates a homogeneous magnetic field in the magnet aperture. The paper presents conceptual magnetic and mechanical designs of 15 T double dipole magnets and discusses several scenarios of,magnet powering. The inner dipole winding is based on the 2-layer Nb3Sn coils previously developed and tested at Fermilab. The outer dipole winding is made of sub-sized Nb3Sn cable and has about two times higher current density. Both windings have the shell-type configuration. For the different powering scenarios the results of calculation of the field quality, coil magnetization effects, and the stress analysis are presented. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kashikhin, VS (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS 316, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM kash@fnal.gov; andreev@fnal.gov; vadim@fnal.gov; novitski@fnal.gov; zlobin@fnal.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 1274 EP 1277 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.864299 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100291 ER PT J AU Caspi, S Ferracin, P AF Caspi, S. Ferracin, P. TI Toward integrated design and modeling of high field accelerator magnets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE high field; integration; modeling; superconducting magnet design; training ID SUPERCONDUCTING ACCELERATOR; QUENCH SIMULATION; NB3SN; QUADRUPOLE; ANSYS AB The next generation of superconducting accelerator magnets will most likely use a brittle conductor (such as Nb3Sn), generate fields around 18 T, handle forces that are 3-4 times higher than in the present LHC dipoles, and store energy that starts to make accelerator magnets look like fusion magnets. To meet the challenge and reduce the complexity, magnet design will have to be more innovative and better integrated. The recent design of several high field superconducting magnets have now benefited from the integration between CAD (e.g. ProE), magnetic analysis tools (e.g. TOSCA) and structural analysis tools (e.g. ANSYS). Not only it is now possible to address complex issues such as stress in magnet ends, but the analysis can be better detailed an extended into new areas previously too difficult to address. Integrated thermal, electrical and structural analysis can be followed from assembly and cool-down through excitation and quench propagation. In this paper we report on the integrated design approach, discuss analysis results and point out areas of future interest. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Caspi, S (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM s_caspi@lbl.gov NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 1298 EP 1303 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.864256 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100297 ER PT J AU Green, MA Witte, H Strauss, B AF Green, M. A. Witte, H. Strauss, B. TI The inductive coupling of the magnets in MICE and its effect on quench protection SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE inductive coupling; S/C solenoids AB The inductive coupling between various MICE magnet circuits is described. The consequences of this coupling on magnet charging and quenching are discussed. Magnet quench protection is achieved through the use of quench-back. Calculations of the quenching of a magnet due to quench-back resulting from circulating currents induced in the magnet mandrel due to quenching of an adjacent magnet are discussed. This report describes how the MICE magnet channel will react when magnets in that channel are quenched. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94729 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. US DOE, Off High Energy Phys, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Green, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94729 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 1304 EP 1307 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.864266 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100298 ER PT J AU Zlobin, AV Kashikhin, VV Barzi, E AF Zlobin, Alexander V. Kashikhin, Vadim V. Barzi, Emanuela TI Effect of flux jumps in superconductor on Nb3Sn accelerator magnet performance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE dipoles; flux jumps; Nb3Sn strands and cables; stability; superconducting accelerator magnets ID STRANDS; INSTABILITIES; STABILITY; FERMILAB; CABLES AB The performance of some superconducting accelerator magnets based on high-J(c) Nb3Sn strands suffered from flux jumps in the coils which significantly limited their maximum quench current. Detailed investigation into the possible cause of these performance-limiting quenches showed a correlation between the magnet test results and the properties of the superconducting strands used in the magnet and the magnet-design parameters. This paper discusses the effect of flux jumps in Nb3Sn strands and cables on quench performance and on field quality of accelerator magnets. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Zlobin, AV (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM zlobin@fnal.gov NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 1308 EP 1311 DI 10.1109/TASC.2006.870557 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100299 ER PT J AU Green, MA AF Green, M. A. TI How the performance of a superconducting magnet is affected by the connection between a small cooler and the magnet SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE cooler connection; small coolers; s/c magnet ID REDUCED-STATE MODEL; T SURFACE; JC AB As low temperature cryocoolers become more frequently used to cool superconducting magnets, it becomes increasingly apparent that the connection between the cooler and the magnet has an effect on the design and performance of the magnet. In general, the use of small coolers can be considered in two different temperature ranges; 1) from 3.8 to 4.8 K for magnet fabricated with ITS conductor and 2) from 18 to 35 K for magnets fabricated using HTS conductor. In general, both temperature ranges call for the use of a two-stage cooler. The best method for connecting a cooler to the magnet depends on a number of factors. The factors include: 1) whether the cooler must be used to cool down the magnet from room temperature, 2) whether the magnet must have one or more reservoirs of liquid cryogen to keep the magnet cold during a loss of cooling, and 3) constraints on the distance from the cooler cold heads and the magnet and its shield. Two methods for connecting low temperature coolers to superconducting magnets have been studied. The first method uses a cold strap to connect the cold heads directly to the loads. This,method is commonly used for cryogen-free magnets. The second method uses a thermal siphon and liquid cryogens to make the connection between the load being cooled and the cold head. The two methods of transferring heat from the magnet to the cooler low temperature cold head are compared for the two temperature ranges given above. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94729 USA. RP Green, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94729 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 1330 EP 1333 DI 10.1109/TASC.2006.871294 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100305 ER PT J AU Spencer, CM Anderson, SD Jensen, DR Wolf, ZR AF Spencer, Cherrill M. Anderson, Scott D. Jensen, David R. Wolf, Zachary R. TI A rotating coil apparatus with sub-micrometer magnetic center measurement stability SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE accelerator magnets; magnetic center; magnetic variables measurement AB A rotating double coil apparatus has been designed and built so that the relative magnetic center change of a quadrupole is measured to an uncertainty smaller than 0.02 micrometers (=micron, mu m) for a single measurement. Furthermore, repeated measurements over about an hour vary by less than 0.1 mu m and by less than 1 mu m for periods of 24 hrs or longer. Correlation analyses of long data runs show that the magnet center measurement is sensitive to mechanical. effects, such as vibration and rotating part wear, as well as to environmental effects, such as temperature and relative humidity. Evolving apparatus design has minimized mechanical noise and environmental isolation has reduced the effects of the surrounding environment so that sub-micron level measurement uncertainties and micron level stability have been achieved for multi-day measurement periods. Apparatus design evolution will be described in detail and correlation data taken on water-cooled electromagnet and adjustable permanent quadrupoles, which are about 350 mm in overall length, will be shown. These quads were prototypes for the linac quads of the Next Linear Collider (NLC) that had to meet the requirement that their magnetic centers change less than 1 micron during a 20% change in field strength. Thus it was necessary to develop an apparatus that could track the magnetic center with a fraction of a micron uncertainty. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Spencer, CM (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cherrill@slac.stanford.edu; sda@slac.stanford.edu; djensen@slac.stanford.edu; wolf@slac.stanford.edu NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 1334 EP 1337 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.864289 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100306 ER PT J AU Jain, A Escallier, J Ganetis, G Louie, W Marone, A Thomas, R Wanderer, P AF Jain, Animesh Escallier, John Ganetis, George Louie, Wing Marone, Andrew Thomas, Richard Wanderer, Peter TI Measurements of the field quality in superconducting dipoles at high ramp rates SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE magnetic field measurement; superconducting accelerator magnets ID CHANGING MAGNETIC-FIELDS AB Several. recent applications of superconducting magnets require the magnets to be operated at high ramp rates and at frequencies of several Hertz. Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) has recently designed and built prototypes of superconducting dipole magnets that can be ramped at a fairly high rate (1 T/s or more). For accelerator applications, it is also crucial that the magnets maintain good field quality even at high ramp rates. In order to characterize the field quality of magnets at high ramp rates, a measurement system consisting of 16 printed circuit tangential coils has been developed. The coil system is held stationary while the magnet is ramped. This paper describes the techniques used for the measurements and data analysis, and presents the results of measurements at ramp rates of up to 4 T/s in a prototype dipole built at BNL for GSI. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Superconducting Magnet Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Jain, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Superconducting Magnet Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jain@bnl.gov; escallie@bnl.gov; ganetis1@bnl.gov; louie@bnl.gov; andym@bnl.gov; thomas1@bnl.gov; wanderer@bnl.gov NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 1370 EP 1373 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.869631 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100315 ER PT J AU Velev, GV Carcagno, R DiMarco, J Kotelnikov, S Lamm, M Makulski, A Maroussov, V Nehring, R Nogiec, J Orris, D Poukhov, O Prakoshyn, F Schlabach, P Tompkins, JC AF Velev, G. V. Carcagno, R. DiMarco, J. Kotelnikov, S. Lamm, M. Makulski, A. Maroussov, V. Nehring, R. Nogiec, J. Orris, D. Poukhov, O. Prakoshyn, F. Schlabach, P. Tompkins, J. C. TI A fast continuous magnetic field measurement system based on digital signal processors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE digital signal processors; magnet field effects; magnetic field measurements AB In order to study dynamic effects in accelerator magnets, such as the decay of the magnetic field during the dwell at injection and the rapid so-called "snapback" during the first few seconds of the resumption of the energy ramp, a fast continuous harmonics measurement system was required. A new magnetic field measurement system, based on the use of digital signal processors (DSP) and Analog to Digital (A/D) converters, was developed and prototyped at Fermilab. This system uses Pentek 6102 16 bit A/D converters and the Pentek 4288 DSP board with the SHARC ADSP-2106 family digital signal processor. It was designed to acquire multiple channels of data with a wide dynamic range of input signals, which are typically generated by a rotating coil probe. Data acquisition is performed under a RTOS, whereas processing and visualization are performed under a host computer. Firmware code was developed for the DSP to perform fast continuous readout of the A/D FIFO memory and integration over specified intervals, synchronized to the probe's rotation in the magnetic field. C, C++ and Java code was written to control the data acquisition devices and to process a continuous stream of data. The paper summarizes the characteristics of the system And presents the results of initial tests and measurements. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. JINR, Dubna, Russia. RP Velev, GV (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM velev@fnal.gov RI Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012 OI Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399 NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 1374 EP 1377 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.869702 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100316 ER PT J AU Nogiec, JM DiMarco, J Kotelnikov, S Trombly-Freytag, K Walbridge, D Tartaglia, M AF Nogiec, J. M. DiMarco, J. Kotelnikov, S. Trombly-Freytag, K. Walbridge, D. Tartaglia, M. TI A configurable component-based software system for magnetic field measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE accelerator measurement systems; computer applications; reconfigurable architectures; superconducting device measurements AB A new software system to test accelerator magnets has been developed at Fermilab. The magnetic measurement technique involved employs a single stretched wire to measure alignment parameters and magnetic field strength. The software for the system is built on top of a flexible component-based framework, which allows for easy reconfiguration and runtime modification. Various user interface, data acquisition, analysis, and data persistence components can be configured to form different measurement systems that are tailored to specific requirements (e.g., involving magnet type or test stand). The system can also be configured with various measurement sequences or tests, each of them controlled by a dedicated script. It is capable of working interactively as well as executing a pre-selected sequence of tests. Each test can be parameterized to fit the specific magnet type or test stand requirements. The system has been designed with portability in mind and is capable of working on various platforms, such as Linux, Solaris, and Windows. It can be configured to use a local data acquisition subsystem or a remote data acquisition computer, such as a VME processor running VxWorks. All hardware-oriented components have been developed with a simulation option that allows for running and testing measurements in the absence of data acquisition hardware. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Nogiec, JM (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM nogiec@fnal.gov NR 7 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 1382 EP 1385 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.869672 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100318 ER PT J AU Marks, S Prestemon, S Schlueter, RD Steier, C Wolski, A Jung, JY Chubar, O AF Marks, S. Prestemon, S. Schlueter, R. D. Steier, C. Wolski, A. Jung, J. Y. Chubar, O. TI Shift dependent skew quadrupole in advanced light source elliptically polarizing undulators, cause and corrections SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Genoa, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondazione CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE elliptically polarizing undulator; permanent magnets; skew quadrupole AB Three elliptically polarizing undulators (EPU) are installed and operational at the Advanced Light Source (ALS); the most recent was installed in April '05. Operational experience has shown a variation in electron beam size which correlates with the EPU's magnetic quadrant shifts used to vary polarization. Storage ring electron dynamics studies pointed to the existence of a shift dependent skew quadrupole (SQ) component generated within the EPU's. Detailed magnetic and mechanical measurements demonstrated that the field errors were the result of systematic individual magnetic block displacements which vary with quadrant shift. This paper will discuss the results of electron dynamics studies, magnetic and mechanical measurements, design modifications planned for future EPU's to eliminate the SQ source, and the design and implementation of SQ compensation coils. C1 LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Synchrotron Soleil, Gif sur Yvette, France. RP Marks, S (reprint author), LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM s_marks@lbl.gov; soprestemon@lbl.gov; rdschlueter@lbl.gov; csteier@lbl.gov; awolski@lbl.gov; jyjung@lbl.gov; oleg.chubar@synchrotron-soleil.fr RI Chubar, Oleg/B-6286-2014; OI Wolski, Andrzej/0000-0002-5057-5588 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 1574 EP 1577 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.869665 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100365 ER PT J AU Schlueter, RD Marks, S Prestemon, S AF Schlueter, Ross D. Marks, Steve Prestemon, Soren TI Elliptically polarizing undulator end designs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Genoa, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondazione Carige, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE elliptically polarizing undulator; magnetic end design; permanent magnets AB The magnetic end design of pure-permanent magnet Apple-II elliptically polarizing undulators (EPU) is discussed. Constraints on end block dimensions and positions are presented that guarantee steering and displacement free systems in both transverse directions and at all gaps for mu = I material. For block material with mu > 1 some beam steering (i.e. integrated dipole) may occur due to the ends; in particular, the integrated dipole strength varies with EPU phase. An optimization process is presented that assumes small perturbations about the mu = 1 solution and minimizes the variation in steering with EPU phase. We present numerical and experimental results that quantify the reduction in integrated dipole variation with phase. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Schlueter, RD (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. EM rdschlueter@lbl.gov; s_marks@lbl.gov; soprestemon@lbl.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 1582 EP 1585 DI 10.1109/TASC.2006.871311 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100367 ER PT J AU Hays, SL Claypool, B Foster, GW AF Hays, Steven L. Claypool, Bradley Foster, G. William TI The 100000 amp DC power supply for a staged hadron collider superferric magnet SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE accelerator power supplies; DC-DC power conversion AB A 1.5 volt 100000 A DC switcher power supply was developed for testing a superferric magnet string at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, FNAL. This supply was used during testing as both the ramping supply and holding supply powering a single magnet load with a total load resistance of 0.7 mu Omega. The supply, consists of ten paralleled switcher cells, powered by a 400 V/600 A DC power supply. Each cell consists of an IGBT H-bridge driving a step-down transformer at a switching frequency of 2 kHz. The transformer has an effective turns ratio of 224:1. The secondary consists of 32 parallel single-turn full wave rectifier windings. The rectification is done with 64 Shottky diodes. Each cell is rated at 1.5 V/10000 A. During this test each cell was operated as a constant power source without load current or field feedback. This paper will describe the design of the switcher cell and control system used during testing. We will also describe the next level of improvements to the current feedback system to improve the ramp control. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Accelerator Div EE Support, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Tech Div Headquarters, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Hays, SL (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Accelerator Div EE Support, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM slh@fnal.gov; claypool@fnal.gov; gwf@fnal.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 1626 EP 1629 DI 10.1109/TASC.2006.869978 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100378 ER PT J AU Velev, GV Foster, W Kashikhin, V Mazur, P Oleck, A Piekarz, H Schlabach, P Sylvester, C Wake, M AF Velev, G. V. Foster, W. Kashikhin, V. Mazur, P. Oleck, A. Piekarz, H. Schlabach, P. Sylvester, C. Wake, M. TI Field quality measurements of a 2-Tesla transmission line magnet SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE accelerator magnets; magnetic field measurements; superconducting magnets AB A prototype 2-Tesla superconducting transmission line magnet for future hadron colliders was designed, built and tested at Fermilab. The 1.5 m long, combined-function gradient-dipole magnet has a vertical pole aperture of 20 mm. To measure the magnetic field quality in such a small magnet aperture, a specialized rotating coil of 15.2 mm diameter, 0.69 m long was fabricated. Using this probe, a program of magnetic field quality measurements was successfully performed. Results of the measurements are presented and discussed. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RP Velev, GV (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM velev@fnal.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 1840 EP 1843 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.871229 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100430 ER PT J AU Kashikhin, VS Carcagno, R Foster, GW Nehring, R Piekarz, H Schlabach, P AF Kashikhin, V. S. Carcagno, R. Foster, G. W. Nehring, R. Piekarz, H. Schlabach, P. TI Test results of a 2 Tesla superconducting transmission line magnet obtained with 102 sensors array of Hall Station SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE Hall Station; measurements; superconducting magnet; test results AB A prototype of a 2 Tesla superconducting transmission line magnet for future hadron colliders was designed, built and tested at Fermilab. This combined function magnet with a 4%/cm gradient and a 1.96 Tesla dipole field has a room temperature iron yoke with two horizontally separated air gaps for beam pipes. The magnetic field in both gaps is generated by a single-turn superconducting transmission line of 90 kA nominal current placed in the center of the iron yoke. The magnetic measurements were made simultaneously in both air gaps using a Hall Probe Station with 102 Hall sensors. The main parameters of Hall Station are briefly described. The magnetic design, pole tip and field quality optimization are presented. The iron saturation effects and their reduction with pole holes are also discussed. The results of magnetic measurements are compared with calculations, design parameters and the quality of magnetic field is discussed. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kashikhin, VS (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM kash@fnal.gov; ruben@fnal.gov; gwf@fnal.gov; nehring@fnal.gov; hpiekarz@fnal.gov; schlabach@fnal.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 1844 EP 1847 DI 10.1109/TASC.2006.871232 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100431 ER PT J AU Wake, M Sato, H Carcagno, R Foster, W Hays, S Kashikhin, V Oleck, A Piekarz, H Rabehl, R AF Wake, M. Sato, H. Carcagno, R. Foster, W. Hays, S. Kashikhin, V. Oleck, A. Piekarz, H. Rabehl, R. TI A short model excitation of an asymmetric force free superconducting transmission line magnet SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE asymmetric; force free design; low field superconducting magnet; transmission line magnet; VLHC AB A short model of asymmetric force free magnet with single beam aperture was tested at Fermilab together with the excitation test of VLHC transmission line magnet. The design concept of asymmetric force free superconducting magnet was verified by the test. The testing reached up to 104 kA current and no indication of force imbalance was observed. Since the model magnet length was only 10 cm, A 0.75 in model was constructed and tested at KEK with low current to ensure the validity of the design. The cool down and the excitation at KEK were also successful finding very small thermal contraction of the conductor and reasonable field homogeneity. C1 High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Wake, M (reprint author), High Energy Accelerator Res Org, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. EM wake@post.kek.jp NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 1848 EP 1851 DI 10.1109/TASC.2006.871233 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100432 ER PT J AU Prestemon, S Schlueter, R Marks, S Dietderich, DR AF Prestemon, S. Schlueter, R. Marks, S. Dietderich, D. R. TI Superconducting undulators with variable polarization and enhanced spectral range SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Geneva, ITALY SP Ansaldo Superconduttori Spa, Babcock Noell Nucl GmbH, Compagnia San Paolo, Fondaziond CARIGE, Outokumpu, Alstom Magnets & Superconductors, Arcelor, CEA Saclay, Univ Milano, Dipartimento Fis, Furukawa Elect, Edison, ENEA, Ernesto Malvestiti SpA, ESAOTE, IEEE, Council Superconduct, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, SIMIC SpA, Univ Genova DE polarization; superconducting undulators AB A concept utilizing superconducting magnets for variable polarization insertion devices is presented. The iron-free design enables full variable linear and elliptical polarization over a broad spectral range. With appropriate electrical switching the same device can access higher energies through period-halving, while continuing to provide variable-linear polarization; furthermore, separate switching will allow for period-doubling with full linear and elliptical polarization control. The performance, both in terms of field/spectral performance and in terms of polarization control, is compared to existing permanent magnet EPU devices. Engineering issues associated with the fabrication and implementation of the device are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Prestemon, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM soprestemon@lbl.gov; rdschlueter@lbl.gov; s_marks@lbl.gov; drdieterich@lbl.gov NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 1873 EP 1876 DI 10.1109/TASC.2006.871262 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 144NW UT WOS:000244804100439 ER PT J AU Wu, JY Wang, M Gottschalk, E Shi, Z AF Wu, JY Wang, M Gottschalk, E Shi, Z TI The application of Tiny Triplet Finder (TTF) in BTeV pixel trigger SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE/NPSS Real Time Conference on Computing Applications in Nuclear and Plasma Sciences (RT2005) CY JUN 04-10, 2005 CL AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Stockholm, SWEDEN SP IEEE, NPSS HO AlbaNova Univ Ctr DE FPGA firmware; pattern recognition; tiny triplet finder; trigger; TTF AB We describe a track segment recognition scheme called the Tiny Triplet Finder (TTF) that involves grouping of three hits satisfying a constraint such as forming of a straight line. The TTF performs this O(n(3)) function in O(n) time, where n is number of hits in each detector plane. The word "tiny" reflects the fact that the FPGA resource usage is small. The number of logic elements needed for the TTF is O(Nlog(N)), where N is the number of bins in the coordinate considered, which for large N, is significantly smaller than O(N-2) needed for typical implementations of similar functions. The TTF is also suitable for software implementations as well as many other pattern recognition problems. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Wu, JY (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM jywu168@fnal.gov NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 53 IS 3 BP 671 EP 676 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.874144 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057FO UT WOS:000238581900004 ER PT J AU Kotov, IV DeGroat, JE Herman, D Lisa, MA Ryan, K Bieser, F AF Kotov, IV DeGroat, JE Herman, D Lisa, MA Ryan, K Bieser, F TI Data acquisition board with optical gigabit interface SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE/NPSS Real Time Conference on Computing Applications in Nuclear and Plasma Sciences (RT2005) CY JUN 04-10, 2005 CL AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Stockholm, SWEDEN SP IEEE, NPSS HO AlbaNova Univ Ctr DE data acquisition; Ethernet packet; high-speed communication; optical interface AB The precision vertex tracker, based on the technology of active CMOS pixel sensors, is a proposed addition to the tracking system of the STAR experiment [1]. The proposed tracker consists of two cylindrical layers formed by 24 ladders. Each ladder contains a row of 10 monolithic CMOS detector chips and each chip has a 640 x 640 array of 30 micron square pixels. The total number of pixels is 0.98 x 10(8) The mission critical tasks for this detector are data reduction and data transfer. Different approaches to implementation of the data acquisition system (DAQ) are under consideration. The approach discussed in this paper is to use commercially available components, like FPGAs, on the detector side and commercial Ethernet modules [9] on the host computer side. A prototype DAQ board has been designed, manufactured and is in use for system development and testing. In this paper, the data transfer is discussed in details, including the concept, the protocol and data transfer rates. C1 Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kotov, IV (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM kotov@mps.ohio-state.edu NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 53 IS 3 BP 720 EP 722 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.874142 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057FO UT WOS:000238581900013 ER PT J AU Ciobotaru, M Stancu, S LeVine, M Martin, B AF Ciobotaru, M Stancu, S LeVine, M Martin, B TI GETB - A Gigabit Ethernet application platform: Its use in the ATLAS TDAQ network SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE/NPSS Real Time Conference on Computing Applications in Nuclear and Plasma Sciences (RT2005) CY JUN 04-10, 2005 CL AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Stockholm, SWEDEN SP IEEE, NPSS HO AlbaNova Univ Ctr DE ATLAS Trigger and Data Acquisition (TDAQ) system; computer networks; Gigabit Ethernet; development platform; field-programmable gate array (FPGA); Handel-C; traffic generator AB The ATLAS Trigger and Data Acquisition (TDAQ) system will employ a large high-speed Ethernet-based network, comprising several hundred nodes. Ethernet switches handle all the data transfers, their performance being essential for the success of the experiment. We designed and implemented a system, the Gigabit Ethernet Testbed (GETB), which can be used to assess the performance of network devices. This paper introduces the architecture and the implementation of the GETB platform, as well as its applications. These include the GETB Network Tester and the ATLAS Read-Out Buffer Emulator. The features of the system are described and sample results are presented. C1 CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Politehn Univ Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ciobotaru, M (reprint author), CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. EM Matei.Ciobotaru@cern.ch; Stefan.Stancu@cern.ch; levine@bnl.gov; Brian.Martin@cern.ch NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 53 IS 3 BP 817 EP 825 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.873303 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057FO UT WOS:000238581900028 ER PT J AU Santamarina, C Muino, PC dos Anjos, A Armstrong, S Baines, JTM Bee, CP Biglietti, M Bogaerts, JA Bosman, M Caron, B Casado, R Cataldi, G Cavalli, D Conume, G Crone, G Damazio, D De Santo, A Gomez, MD Di Mattia, A Ellis, N Emeliyanov, D Epp, B Falciano, S Garitaonandia, H George, S Mello, AG Ghete, V Goncalo, R Haller, J Kabana, S Khomich, A Kilvington, G Kirk, J Konstantinidis, N Kootz, A Lankford, AJ Lowe, A Luminari, L Maeno, T Masik, J Meessen, C Moore, R Morettini, P Negri, A Nikitin, N Nisati, A Osuna, C Padilla, C Panikashvili, N Parodi, F Pasqualucci, E Reale, VP Pinfold, JL Pinto, P Qian, Z Resconi, S Rosati, S Sanchez, C Scannicchio, DA Schiavi, C Segura, E de Seixas, JM Sivoklokov, S Sobreira, A Soluk, R Stefanidis, E Sushkov, S Sutton, M Tapprogge, S Tarem, S Thomas, E Touchard, F Usai, G Pinto, BV Ventura, A Vercesi, V Wengler, T Werner, P Wheeler, SJ Wickens, RJ Wiedenmann, W Wielers, M Zobernig, G AF Santamarina, C. Muino, P. Conde dos Anjos, A. Armstrong, S. Baines, J. T. M. Bee, C. P. Biglietti, M. Bogaerts, J. A. Bosman, M. Caron, B. Casado, R. Cataldi, G. Cavalli, D. Conume, G. Crone, G. Damazio, D. De Santo, A. Gomez, M. Diaz Di Mattia, A. Ellis, N. Emeliyanov, D. Epp, B. Falciano, S. Garitaonandia, H. George, S. Mello, A. Gesualdi Ghete, V. Goncalo, R. Haller, J. Kabana, S. Khomich, A. Kilvington, G. Kirk, J. Konstantinidis, N. Kootz, A. Lankford, A. J. Lowe, A. Luminari, L. Maeno, T. Masik, J. Meessen, C. Moore, R. Morettini, P. Negri, A. Nikitin, N. Nisati, A. Osuna, C. Padilla, C. Panikashvili, N. Parodi, F. Pasqualucci, E. Reale, V. Perez Pinfold, J. L. Pinto, P. Qian, Z. Resconi, S. Rosati, S. Sanchez, C. Scannicchio, D. A. Schiavi, C. Segura, E. de Seixas, J. M. Sivoklokov, S. Sobreira, A. Soluk, R. Stefanidis, E. Sushkov, S. Sutton, M. Tapprogge, S. Tarem, S. Thomas, E. Touchard, F. Usai, G. Pinto, B. Venda Ventura, A. Vercesi, V. Wengler, T. Werner, P. Wheeler, S. J. Wickens, R. J. Wiedenmann, W. Wielers, M. Zobernig, G. TI Implementation and performance of the seeded reconstruction for the ATLAS event filter SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE/NPSS Real Time Conference on Computing Applications in Nuclear and Plasma Sciences (RT2005) CY JUN 04-10, 2005 CL AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Stockholm, SWEDEN SP IEEE, NPSS HO AlbaNova Univ Ctr DE ATLAS experiment; electron selection; event filter; high level trigger AB ATLAS is one of the four major Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments that will start data taking in 2007. It is designed to cover a wide range of physics topics. The ATLAS trigger system has to be able to reduce an initial 40 MHz event rate, corresponding to an average of 23 proton-proton inelastic interactions per every 25 ns bunch crossing, to 200 Hz admissible by the Data Acquisition System. The ATLAS trigger is divided in three different levels. The first one provides a signal describing an event signature using dedicated custom hardware. This signature must be confirmed by the High Level Trigger (HLT) which using commercial computing farms performs an event reconstruction by running a sequence of algorithms. The validity of a signature is checked after every algorithm execution. A main characteristic of the ATLAS HLT is that only the data in a certain window around the position flagged by the first level trigger are analyzed. In this work, the performance of one sequence that runs at the Event Filter level (third level) is demonstrated. The goal of this sequence is to reconstruct and identify high transverse momentum electrons by performing cluster reconstruction at the electromagnetic calorimeter, track reconstruction at the Inner Detector, and cluster track matching. C1 CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Aix Marseille 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Phys Particules Marseille, F-13284 Marseille 07, France. Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Fis, Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, IFAE, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Univ Lecce, Dipartimento Fis, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Dept Phys, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Geneva, Phys Sect, Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, Innsbruck, Austria. Univ Bern, High Energy Phys Lab, Bern, Switzerland. Berg Univ Wuppertal, Fachbereich Phys, Wuppertal, Germany. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, COPPE, EE, BR-21945 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis Nucl & Teor, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Pisa, Italy. Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, CFNUL, Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Manchester, Dept Phys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. RP Santamarina, C (reprint author), CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. RI Ventura, Andrea/A-9544-2015; Conde Muino, Patricia/F-7696-2011; Santamarina Rios, Cibran/K-4686-2014; Bosman, Martine/J-9917-2014 OI Ventura, Andrea/0000-0002-3368-3413; Cataldi, Gabriella/0000-0001-8066-7718; Nisati, Aleandro/0000-0002-5080-2293; Goncalo, Jose/0000-0002-3826-3442; Conde Muino, Patricia/0000-0002-9187-7478; Santamarina Rios, Cibran/0000-0002-9810-1816; Bosman, Martine/0000-0002-7290-643X NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 53 IS 3 BP 864 EP 869 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.875440 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057FO UT WOS:000238581900036 ER PT J AU Wouters, JM Vicente, AA Bredeweg, TA Esch, E Haight, RC Hatarik, R O'Donnell, JM Reifarth, R Rundberg, RS Schwantes, JM Sheets, SA Ullmann, JL Vieira, DJ Wilhelmy, JB AF Wouters, JM Vicente, AA Bredeweg, TA Esch, E Haight, RC Hatarik, R O'Donnell, JM Reifarth, R Rundberg, RS Schwantes, JM Sheets, SA Ullmann, JL Vieira, DJ Wilhelmy, JB TI Acquisition - Analysis system for the DANCE (Detector for Advanced Neutron Capture Experiments) BaF2 gamma-ray calorimeter SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE/NPSS Real Time Conference on Computing Applications in Nuclear and Plasma Sciences (RT2005) CY JUN 04-10, 2005 CL AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Stockholm, SWEDEN SP IEEE, NPSS HO AlbaNova Univ Ctr DE data acquisition; gamma-ray calorimetry; gamma-ray detectors; neutron capture; signal detection; signal proccessing AB The DANCE detector is a segmented 4 pi gamma-ray calorimeter for measuring (n,gamma) and (n,fission) cross-sections of stable and long-lived radioactive isotopes. DANCE uses waveform digitization to acquire the basic gamma-ray data, which maximizes the information available for event reconstruction, but has necessitated the development of several techniques for handling the resulting high data rates. This paper describes the basic experimental requirements for acquisition and analysis and how we have satisfied these requirements primarily by extending existing acquisition and analysis frameworks. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wouters, JM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jwouters@lanl.gov RI Schwantes, Jon/A-7318-2009; OI Esch, Ernst/0000-0002-5179-0415 NR 4 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 53 IS 3 BP 880 EP 885 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.874499 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057FO UT WOS:000238581900039 ER PT J AU Vermeulen, J Abolins, M Alexandrov, I Amorim, A Dos Anjos, A Badescu, E Barros, N Beck, HP Blair, R Burckhart-Chromek, D Caprini, M Ciobotaru, M Corso-Radu, A Cranfield, R Crone, G Dawson, J Dobinson, R Dobson, M Drake, G Ermoline, Y Ferrari, R Ferrer, ML Francis, D Gadomski, S Gameiro, S Gorini, B Green, B Gruwe, M Haas, S Haberichter, W Haeberli, C Hasegawa, Y Hauser, R Hinkelbein, C Hughes-Jones, R Joos, M Kazarov, A Kieft, G Klose, D Kolos, S Korcyl, K Kordas, K Kotov, V Kugel, A Lankford, A Miotto, GL LeVine, MJ Mapelli, L Martin, B McLaren, R Meirosu, C Mineev, M Misiejuk, A Mornacchi, G Muller, M Murillo, R Nagasaka, Y Petersen, J Pope, B Prigent, D Ryabov, Y Schlereth, J Sloper, JE Soloviev, I Spiwoks, R Stancu, S Strong, J Tremblet, L Unel, G Vandelli, W Werner, P Wickens, F Wiesmann, M Wu, M Yasu, Y AF Vermeulen, J. Abolins, M. Alexandrov, I. Amorim, A. Dos Anjos, A. Badescu, E. Barros, N. Beck, H. P. Blair, R. Burckhart-Chromek, D. Caprini, M. Ciobotaru, M. Corso-Radu, A. Cranfield, R. Crone, G. Dawson, J. Dobinson, R. Dobson, M. Drake, G. Ermoline, Y. Ferrari, R. Ferrer, M. L. Francis, D. Gadomski, S. Gameiro, S. Gorini, B. Green, B. Gruwe, M. Haas, S. Haberichter, W. Haeberli, C. Hasegawa, Y. Hauser, R. Hinkelbein, C. Hughes-Jones, R. Joos, M. Kazarov, A. Kieft, G. Klose, D. Kolos, S. Korcyl, K. Kordas, K. Kotov, V. Kugel, A. Lankford, A. Miotto, G. Lehmann LeVine, M. J. Mapelli, L. Martin, B. McLaren, R. Meirosu, C. Mineev, M. Misiejuk, A. Mornacchi, G. Mueller, M. Murillo, R. Nagasaka, Y. Petersen, J. Pope, B. Prigent, D. Ryabov, Y. Schlereth, J. Sloper, J. E. Soloviev, I. Spiwoks, R. Stancu, S. Strong, J. Tremblet, L. Unel, G. Vandelli, W. Werner, P. Wickens, F. Wiesmann, M. Wu, M. Yasu, Y. TI ATLAS DataFlow: The Redd-out subsystem, results from trigger and data-acquisition system testbed studies and from modeling SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE/NPSS Real Time Conference on Computing Applications in Nuclear and Plasma Sciences (RT2005) CY JUN 04-10, 2005 CL AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Stockholm, SWEDEN SP IEEE, NPSS HO AlbaNova Univ Ctr DE ATLAS; data acquisition; LHC; real-time systems; triggering AB In the ATLAS experiment at the LHC, the output of read-out hardware specific to each subdetector will be transmitted to buffers, located on custom made PCI cards ("ROBINs"). The data consist of fragments of events accepted by the first-level trigger at a maximum rate of 100 kHz. Groups of four ROBINs will be hosted in about 150 Read-Out Subsystem (ROS) PCs. Event data are forwarded on request via Gigabit 'Ethernet links and switches to the second-level trigger or to the Event builder. In this paper a discussion of the functionality and real-time properties of the ROS is combined with a presentation of measurement and modelling results for a testbed with a size of about 20% of the final DAQ system. Experimental results on strategies for optimizing the system performance, such as utilization of different network architectures and network transfer protocols, are presented for the testbed, together with extrapolations to the full system. C1 NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. JINR, Dubna, Russia. Univ Lisbon, FCUL, CFNUL, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Inst Atom Phys, Bucharest, Romania. Univ Bern, LHEP, Bern, Switzerland. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. Inst Atom Phys, Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Univ Politehn Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania. UCL, London, England. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis Nucl & Teor, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Bern, LHEP, Bern, Switzerland. IFJ PAN, Krakow, Poland. Univ London, Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Shinshu Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan. Univ Mannheim, Lehrstuhl Informat 5, Mannheim, Germany. Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. PNPI, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Hiroshima Inst Technol, Hiroshima, Japan. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Vermeulen, J (reprint author), NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM i73@nikhef.nl RI Amorim, Antonio/C-8460-2013; Barros, Nuno/O-1921-2016; OI Barros, Nuno/0000-0002-1192-0705; Amorim, Antonio/0000-0003-0638-2321; Beck, Hans Peter/0000-0001-7212-1096 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 53 IS 3 BP 912 EP 917 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.893311 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057FO UT WOS:000238581900044 ER PT J AU Piccoli, L Votava, M Zhang, DH AF Piccoli, L Votava, M Zhang, DH TI The new tevatron beam position, monitor front-end software SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE/NPSS Real Time Conference on Computing Applications in Nuclear and Plasma Sciences (RT2005) CY JUN 04-10, 2005 CL AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Stockholm, SWEDEN SP IEEE, NPSS HO AlbaNova Univ Ctr DE accelerator measurement systems; beam position monitor; particle beam measurements AB The Tevatron is a proton anti-proton accelerator collider operating at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. The machine is currently delivering beams for the CDF and DO experiments, which expect increasing luminosity until the conclusion of Run II planned for 2009. The Laboratory defined a plan for achieving higher luminosity, and one of the tasks is the upgrade of the accelerator's beam position monitor (BPM). The Tevatron was built during the early eighties and some of its control systems, including the BPMs, are still the original ones. This paper describes the front-end software of the Tevatron BPM upgrade, from the requirements to the implementation, and the underlying hardware setup. The design of the front-end software focuses on its modularity and reusability, allowing it to be applied to other Fermilab machines. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Piccoli, L (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM piccoli@fnal.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 53 IS 3 BP 963 EP 969 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.873314 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057FO UT WOS:000238581900054 ER PT J AU Wu, JY Wang, M Gottschalk, E Christian, D Li, X Shi, Z Pavlicek, V Cancelo, G AF Wu, JY Wang, M Gottschalk, E Christian, D Li, X Shi, Z Pavlicek, V Cancelo, G TI Integrated upstream parasitic event building architecture for BTeV level 1 pixel trigger system SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE/NPSS Real Time Conference on Computing Applications in Nuclear and Plasma Sciences (RT2005) CY JUN 04-10, 2005 CL AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Stockholm, SWEDEN SP IEEE, NPSS HO AlbaNova Univ Ctr DE DAQ; event building; trigger AB Contemporary event building approaches use data switches, either homemade or commercial off-the-shelf ones, to merge data from different channels and distribute them among processor nodes. However, in many trigger and DAQ systems, the merging and distributing functions can often be performed in pre-processing stages. By carefully integrating these functions into the upstream pre-processing stages, the events can be built without dedicated switches. In addition to the cost reducing, extra benefits are gain when the event is built early upstream.-In this document, an example of the integrated upstream parasitic event building architecture that has been studied for the BTeV level 1 pixel trigger system is described. Several design considerations that experimentalists of other projects might be interested in are also discussed. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Wu, JY (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM jywu168@fnal.gov NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 53 IS 3 BP 1039 EP 1044 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.874141 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057FO UT WOS:000238581900067 ER PT J AU Wang, GC Huber, JS Moses, WW Qi, J Choong, WS AF Wang, GC Huber, JS Moses, WW Qi, J Choong, WS TI Characterization of the LBNL PEM camera SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biomedical imaging; depth of interaction (DOI); positron emission tomography (PET) ID POSITRON EMISSION MAMMOGRAPHY; BREAST-CANCER MORTALITY; IMAGING-SYSTEM; TOMOGRAPHY; REDUCTION; SCANNERS; FDG AB We present the tomographic images and performance measurements of the LBNL positron emission mammography (PEM) camera, a specially designed positron emission tomography (PET) camera that utilizes PET detector modules with depth of interaction measurement capability to achieve both high sensitivity and high resolution for breast cancer detection. The camera currently consists of 24 detector modules positioned as four detector banks to cover a rectangular patient port that is 8.2 x 6 cm(2) with a 5 cm axial extent. Each LBNL PEM detector module consists of 64 3 x 3 x 30 mm(3) LSO crystals coupled to a single photomultiplier tube (PMT) and an 8 x 8 silicon photodiode array (PD). The PMT provides accurate timing, the PD identifies the crystal of interaction, the sum of the PD and PMT signals (PD+PMT) provides the,total energy, and the PD/(PD+PMT) ratio determines the depth of interaction. The performance of the camera has been evaluated by imaging various phantoms. The full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) spatial resolution changes slightly from 1.9 mm to 2.1 mm when measured at the center and corner of the field of the view, respectively, using a. 6 ns coincidence timing window and a 300-750 keV energy window. With the same setup, the peak sensitivity of the, camera is 1.83 kcps/mu Ci. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biomed Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Wang, GC (reprint author), GE Res, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. EM wangg@research.ge.com RI Qi, Jinyi/A-1768-2010 OI Qi, Jinyi/0000-0002-5428-0322 NR 24 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 53 IS 3 BP 1129 EP 1135 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.874956 PN 2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057FP UT WOS:000238582000011 ER PT J AU Formiconi, AR Gunter, DL Vanzi, E AF Formiconi, AR Gunter, DL Vanzi, E TI A design strategy for suppression of hole-pattern artifacts in high-energy collimators SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hole-array artifacts; multihole collimators ID MULTIHOLE COLLIMATORS; 511-KEV COLLIMATOR; GAMMA-CAMERA; SPECT AB Multihole collimators are the most important piece of instrumentation in determining the tradeoff between spatial resolution and noise in nuclear medicine images. Recently, we found that the collimator-to-detector gap greatly influences the hole-pattern artifacts. In addition, we also showed that specific values of the gap exist which minimize the artifacts: here we call this phenomenon "penumbral masking" (PM). In this paper, we study the matter in greater detail and we take PM into account in the problematic context of designing high-energy collimators by, basically, substituting the conventional hole-array pattern constraint with a mathematical expression of the PM effect. With this approach we found that a solution to the problem of maximizing sensitivity,for a given spatial resolution always exists while, without the PM concept, in the case of lead (Pb), a solution exists below 300 KeV, a suboptimal solution can be found within the 300-320 KeV range and no solution at all exists beyond 320 KeV. Thus, one is able to minimize the hole-pattern artifacts while designing high-energy collimators even if a somewhat lower sensitivity has to be accepted: for example, with lead, at 511 KeV, sensitivity is reduced by 20% compared to what it would be without the introduction of PM. When high energies are involved, even with our approach the weight constraint is a major problem, but this does not affect the capability of reducing the hole-pattern artifacts. However, even when the theoretical solution may not be feasible, this approach clarifies the design of high-energy collimators. C1 Univ Florence, Dept Clin Phathophysiol, I-50134 Florence, Italy. INFM, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Formiconi, AR (reprint author), Univ Florence, Dept Clin Phathophysiol, I-50134 Florence, Italy. EM arf@dfc.unifi.it; e.vanzi@dfc.unifi.it NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 53 IS 3 BP 1179 EP 1187 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.874952 PN 2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057FP UT WOS:000238582000018 ER PT J AU Gilland, KL Tsui, BMW Qi, YJ Gullberg, GT AF Gilland, Karen L. Tsui, Benjamin M. W. Qi, Yujin Gullberg, Grant T. TI Comparison of channelized hotelling and human observers in determining optimum OS-EM reconstruction parameters for myocardial SPECT SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IMAGE QUALITY; NUMERICAL OBSERVERS; MODEL OBSERVERS; PROJECTION DATA; GA-67 SPECT; OPTIMIZATION; DETECTABILITY; METHODOLOGY; SCATTER; LROC AB The performance of the Channelized Hotelling Observer (CHO) was compared to that of human observers for determining optimum parameters for the iterative OS-EM image reconstruction method for the task of defect detection in myocardial SPECT images. The optimum parameters were those that maximized defect detectability in the SPECT images. Low noise, parallel SPECT projection data, with and without an anterior, inferior or lateral LV wall defect, were simulated using the Monte Carlo method. Poisson noise was added to generate noisy realizations. Data were reconstructed using OS-EM at 1 & 4 subsets/iteration and at 1, 3, 5, 7 & 9 iterations. Images were converted to 2D short-axis slices with integer pixel values. The CHO used 3,radially-symmetric, 2D channels, with varying levels of internal observer noise. For each parameter setting, 600 defect-present and 600 defect-absent image vectors were used to calculate the detectability index (d(A)). The human observers rated the likelihood that a defect was present in a specified location. For each parameter setting, the AUC was estimated from 48 defect-present and 48 defect-absent images. The combined human observer results showed the optimum parameter setting could be in the range 5-36 updates ([number of subsets]/iteration x number of iterations). The CHO results showed the optimum parameter setting to be 4-5 updates. The performance of the CHO was much more sensitive to the reconstruction parameter setting than was that of the human observers. The rankings of the CHO detectability values did not change with varying levels of internal noise. C1 Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Radiol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gilland, KL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Radiol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM kgillan2@jhmi.edu; btsui1@jhmi.edu; yqi1@jhmi.edu; gtgullberg@lbl.gov RI Qi, Yujin/C-9595-2014 OI Qi, Yujin/0000-0002-1929-1624 NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 53 IS 3 BP 1200 EP 1204 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.870088 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057FP UT WOS:000238582000021 ER PT J AU Adragna, P Alexa, C Anderson, K Antonaki, A Batusov, V Bednar, P Binet, S Biscarat, C Blanchot, G Bogush, A Bohm, C Boldea, V Bosman, M Bromberg, C Budagov, J Caloba, L Calvet, D Carvalho, J Castelo, J Castillo, MV Sforza, MC Cavasinni, V Cerqueira, AS Chadelas, R Costanzo, D Cogswell, F Constantinescu, S Crouau, M Cuenca, C Damazio, DO Daudon, E David, M Davidek, T Del, K Del Prete, T Di Girolamo, B Dita, S Dolejsi, J Dolezal, Z Dotti, A Downing, R Efthymiopoulos, I Errede, D Errede, S Farbin, A Fassouliotis, D Fedorko, I Fenyuk, A Ferdi, C Ferrer, A Flaminio, V Fullana, E Garde, V Giakoumopoulou, V Gildemeister, O Gilewsky, V Giangiobbe, V Giokaris, N Gomes, A Gonzalez, V Grabsky, V Grenier, P Gris, P Guarino, V Guicheney, C Gupta, A Hakobyan, H Haney, M Henriques, A Higon, E Holmgren, S Hurwitz, M Huston, J Iglesias, C Jon, K Junk, T Karyukhin, A Khubua, J Klereborn, J Korolkov, I Krivkova, R Kulchitsky, Y Kurochkin, Y Kuzhir, P Lambert, D Le Compte, T Lefvre, R Leitner, R Lembesi, M Li, J Liablin, M Lokajicek, M Lomakin, Y Amengual, JML Lupi, A Maidantchik, C Maio, A Maliukov, S Manousakis, A Marques, C Marroquim, F Martin, F Mazzoni, E Montarou, G Merritt, F Miagkov, A Miller, R Minashvili, I Miralles, L Nemecek, S Nessi, M Nodulman, L Norniella, O Onofre, A Oreglia, M Pantea, D Pallin, D Pilcher, J Pina, J Pinhao, J Podlyski, F Portell, X Poveda, J Price, LE Pribyl, L Proudfoot, J Ramstedt, M Reinmuth, G Richards, R Roda, C Romanov, V Rosnet, P Roy, P Rumiantsau, V Russakovich, N Salto, O Salvachua, B Sanchis, E Sanders, H Santoni, C Santos, J Saraiva, JG Sarri, F Satsunkevitch, I Says, LP Schlager, G Schlereth, J Seixas, JM Sellden, B Shevtsov, P Shochet, M Da Silva, P Silva, J Simaitis, V Sissakian, A Solodkov, A Solovianov, O Sosebee, M Spano, F Stanek, R Starchenko, E Starovoitov, P Suk, M Sykora, I Tang, F Tas, P Teuscher, R Tokar, S Topilin, N Torres, J Tsulaia, V Underwood, D Usai, G Valkar, S Valls, JA Vartapetian, A Vazeille, F Vichou, I Vinogradov, V Vivarelli, I Volpi, M White, A Zaitsev, A Zenine, A Zenis, T AF Adragna, P. Alexa, C. Anderson, K. Antonaki, A. Batusov, V. Bednar, P. Binet, S. Biscarat, C. Blanchot, G. Bogush, A. Bohm, C. Boldea, V. Bosman, M. Bromberg, C. Budagov, J. Caloba, L. Calvet, D. Carvalho, J. Castelo, J. Castillo, M. V. Sforza, M. Cavalli Cavasinni, V. Cerqueira, A. S. Chadelas, R. Costanzo, D. Cogswell, F. Constantinescu, S. Crouau, M. Cuenca, C. Damazio, D. O. Daudon, E. David, M. Davidek, T. Del, K. Del Prete, T. Di Girolamo, B. Dita, S. Dolejsi, J. Dolezal, Z. Dotti, A. Downing, R. Efthymiopoulos, I. Errede, D. Errede, S. Farbin, A. Fassouliotis, D. Fedorko, I. Fenyuk, A. Ferdi, C. Ferrer, A. Flaminio, V. Fullana, E. Garde, V. Giakoumopoulou, V. Gildemeister, O. Gilewsky, V. Giangiobbe, V. Giokaris, N. Gomes, A. Gonzalez, V. Grabsky, V. Grenier, P. Gris, P. Guarino, V. Guicheney, C. Gupta, A. Hakobyan, H. Haney, M. Henriques, A. Higon, E. Holmgren, S. Hurwitz, M. Huston, J. Iglesias, C. Jon, K. Junk, T. Karyukhin, A. Khubua, J. Klereborn, J. Korolkov, I. Krivkova, R. Kulchitsky, Y. Kurochkin, Yu. Kuzhir, P. Lambert, D. Le Compte, T. Lefvre, R. Leitner, R. Lembesi, M. Li, J. Liablin, M. Lokajicek, M. Lomakin, Y. Amengual, J. M. Lopez Lupi, A. Maidantchik, C. Maio, A. Maliukov, S. Manousakis, A. Marques, C. Marroquim, F. Martin, F. Mazzoni, E. Montarou, G. Merritt, F. Miagkov, A. Miller, R. Minashvili, I. Miralles, L. Nemecek, S. Nessi, M. Nodulman, L. Norniella, O. Onofre, A. Oreglia, M. Pantea, D. Pallin, D. Pilcher, J. Pina, J. Pinhao, J. Podlyski, F. Portell, X. Poveda, J. Price, L. E. Pribyl, L. Proudfoot, J. Ramstedt, M. Reinmuth, G. Richards, R. Roda, C. Romanov, V. Rosnet, P. Roy, P. Rumiantsau, V. Russakovich, N. Salto, O. Salvachua, B. Sanchis, E. Sanders, H. Santoni, C. Santos, J. Saraiva, J. G. Sarri, F. Satsunkevitch, I. Says, L. -P. Schlager, G. Schlereth, J. Seixas, J. M. Sellden, B. Shevtsov, P. Shochet, M. Da Silva, P. Silva, J. Simaitis, V. Sissakian, A. Solodkov, A. Solovianov, O. Sosebee, M. Spano, F. Stanek, R. Starchenko, E. Starovoitov, P. Suk, M. Sykora, I. Tang, F. Tas, P. Teuscher, R. Tokar, S. Topilin, N. Torres, J. Tsulaia, V. Underwood, D. Usai, G. Valkar, S. Valls, J. A. Vartapetian, A. Vazeille, F. Vichou, I. Vinogradov, V. Vivarelli, I. Volpi, M. White, A. Zaitsev, A. Zenine, A. Zenis, T. TI The ATLAS hadronic tile calorimeter: From construction toward-physics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calorimetry; hadronic; jet; tile; calorimeter AB The Tile Calorimeter, which constitutes the central section of the ATLAS hadronic calorimeter, is a non-compensating sampling device made of iron and scintillating tiles. The construction phase of the calorimeter is nearly complete, and most of the effort now is directed toward the final assembly and commissioning in the underground experimental hall. The layout of the calorimeter and the tasks carried out during construction are described, first with a brief reminder of the requirements that drove the calorimeter design. During the last few years a comprehensive test-beam program has been followed in order to establish the calorimeter electromagnetic energy scale, to study its uniformity, and to compare real data to Monte Carlo simulation. The test-beam setup and first results from the data are described. During the test-beam period in 2004, lasting several months, data have been acquired with a complete slice of the central ATLAS calorimeter. The data collected in the test-beam are crucial in order to study algorithms for hadronic energy reconstruction using single particles. The generalization of these algorithms to reconstruct jet energies will be the starting point for numerous physics studies in which jets play a leading role. The results obtained in applying these algorithms to simulated di-jet events are given in the last section of the note. C1 Univ Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. INFN, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Bucharest, Romania. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Athens, GR-10679 Athens, Greece. JINR, Dubna, Russia. Comenius Univ, Bratislava, Slovakia. Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, IN2P3, Clermont Ferrand, France. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Natl Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Minsk, Byelarus. Stockholm Univ, Stockholm, Sweden. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. UFRJ, POLI, COPPE, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Coimbra, FCTUC, Coimbra, Portugal. LIP, Coimbra, Portugal. Univ Valencia, Ctr Mixto, IFIC, CSIC, E-46100 Valencia, Spain. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Lisbon, FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal. LIP, Lisbon, Portugal. Charles Univ, CR-11636 Prague 1, Czech Republic. Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL USA. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan, Armenia. JINR, Dubna, Russia. Tbilisi State Univ, HEPI, GE-380086 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. Natl Ctr Particles & High Phys, Minsk, Byelarus. RP Adragna, P (reprint author), Univ Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. RI Sanchis Peris, Enrique/J-7348-2016; Karyukhin, Andrey/J-3904-2014; Alexa, Calin/F-6345-2010; Gonzalez Millan, Vicente/J-3023-2012; Solodkov, Alexander/B-8623-2017; David, Mario/C-4664-2012; Kuzhir, Polina/H-8653-2012; Pina, Joao /C-4391-2012; Nemecek, Stanislav/G-5931-2014; Bosman, Martine/J-9917-2014; Torres, Jose/H-3231-2015; Ferrer, Antonio/H-2942-2015; Carvalho, Joao/M-4060-2013; Fullana Torregrosa, Esteban/A-7305-2016; Zaitsev, Alexandre/B-8989-2017 OI Gomes, Agostinho/0000-0002-5940-9893; Sanchis Peris, Enrique/0000-0002-9689-9131; Karyukhin, Andrey/0000-0001-9087-4315; Maio, Amelia/0000-0001-9099-0009; Mendes Saraiva, Joao Gentil/0000-0002-7006-0864; Gonzalez Millan, Vicente/0000-0001-6014-2586; Solodkov, Alexander/0000-0002-2737-8674; Kuzhir, Polina/0000-0003-3689-0837; Pina, Joao /0000-0001-8959-5044; Bosman, Martine/0000-0002-7290-643X; Torres, Jose/0000-0002-1525-1828; Ferrer, Antonio/0000-0003-0532-711X; Carvalho, Joao/0000-0002-3015-7821; Fullana Torregrosa, Esteban/0000-0003-3082-621X; Zaitsev, Alexandre/0000-0002-4961-8368 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 53 IS 3 BP 1275 EP 1281 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.872628 PN 3 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057FS UT WOS:000238582300003 ER PT J AU Smith, DA Blanc, F Bozzi, C Khan, A AF Smith, DA Blanc, F Bozzi, C Khan, A TI BaBar simulation production - A millennium of work in under a year SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BaBar distributed computing; Linux; production; management; simulation; Solaris AB The BaBar experiment requires simulated events beyond the ability of a single computing site to provide. This paper describes the evolution of simulation and job management methods to meet the physics community requirements and how production became distributed to use resources beyond any one computing center. The evolution of BaBar simulation along with the development of the distribution of the computing effort is described.. As the computing effort is distributed to more sites there is a need to simplify production so the effort does not multiply with number of production centers. Tools are created to be flexible in handling errors and failures that happen in the system and respond accordingly, this reduces failure rates and production effort. This, paper will focus on one cycle of simulation production within BaBar as a description of a large scale computing effort which was fully performed, and provided new simulation data to the users on time. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. Univ Ferrara, INFN, Dept Phys, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Brunel Univ, Sch Eng & Design, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. RP Smith, DA (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM douglas@slac.stanford.edu; fblanc@pizero.colorado.edu; bozzi@fe.infn.it; akram@slac.stanford.edu NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 53 IS 3 BP 1299 EP 1303 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.873080 PN 3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057FS UT WOS:000238582300006 ER PT J AU Armstrong, S dos Anjos, A Baines, JTM Bee, CP Biglietti, M Bogaerts, JA Boisvert, V Bosman, M Caron, B Casado, P Cataldi, G Cavalli, D Cervetto, M Comune, G Muino, PC De Santo, A Di Mattia, A Gomez, MD Dosil, M Ellis, N Emeliyanov, D Epp, B Falciano, S Farilla, A George, S Ghete, V Gonzalez, S Grothe, M Kabana, S Khomich, A Kilvington, G Kostantinidis, N Kootz, A Lowe, A Luci, C Luminari, L Maeno, T Marzano, F Masik, J Meessen, C Mello, AG Merino, G Moore, R Morettini, P Negri, A Nikitin, N Nisati, A Padilla, C Panikashvili, N Parodi, F Pasqualucci, E Reale, VP Pinfold, JL Pinto, P Qian, Z Resconi, S Rosati, S Sanchez, C Santamarina, C Scannicchio, DA Schiavi, C Segura, E de Seixas, JM Sivoklokov, S Soluk, R Stefanidis, E Sushkov, S Sutton, M Tapprogge, S Thomas, E Touchard, F Pinto, BV Vercesi, V Werner, P Wheeler, S Wickens, FJ Wiedenmann, W Wielers, M Zobernig, H AF Armstrong, S. dos Anjos, A. Baines, J. T. M. Bee, C. P. Biglietti, M. Bogaerts, J. A. Boisvert, V. Bosman, M. Caron, B. Casado, P. Cataldi, G. Cavalli, D. Cervetto, M. Comune, G. Muino, P. Conde De Santo, A. Di Mattia, A. Gomez, M. Diaz Dosil, M. Ellis, N. Emeliyanov, D. Epp, B. Falciano, S. Farilla, A. George, S. Ghete, V. Gonzalez, S. Grothe, M. Kabana, S. Khomich, A. Kilvington, G. Kostantinidis, N. Kootz, A. Lowe, A. Luci, C. Luminari, L. Maeno, T. Marzano, F. Masik, J. Meessen, C. Mello, A. G. Merino, G. Moore, R. Morettini, P. Negri, A. Nikitin, N. Nisati, A. Padilla, C. Panikashvili, N. Parodi, F. Pasqualucci, E. Reale, V. Perez Pinfold, J. L. Pinto, P. Qian, Z. Resconi, S. Rosati, S. Sanchez, C. Santamarina, C. Scannicchio, D. A. Schiavi, C. Segura, E. de Seixas, J. M. Sivoklokov, S. Soluk, R. Stefanidis, E. Sushkov, S. Sutton, M. Tapprogge, S. Thomas, E. Touchard, F. Pinto, B. V. Vercesi, V. Werner, P. Wheeler, S. Wickens, F. J. Wiedenmann, W. Wielers, M. Zobernig, H. TI Online muon reconstruction in the ATLAS level-2 trigger system SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ATLAS level-2; online; trigger AB To cope with the 40 MHz event production rate of LHC, the trigger of the ATLAS experiment selects events in three sequential steps of increasing complexity and accuracy whose final results are close to the offline reconstruction. The Level-1, implemented with custom hardware, identifies physics objects within Regions of Interests and operates with a first reduction of the event rate to 75 kHz. The higher trigger levels, Level-2 and Level-3, provide a software based event selection which further reduces the event rate to about 100 Hz. This paper presents the algorithm (mu Fast) employed at Level-2 to confirm the muon candidates flagged by the Level-1. mu Fast identifies hits of muon tracks inside the barrel region of the Muon Spectrometer and provides a precise measurement of the muon momentum at the production vertex. The algorithm must process the Level-1 muon output rate (-20 kHz), thus particular care has been taken for its optimization. The result is a very fast track reconstruction algorithm with good physics performance which, in some cases, approaches that of the offline reconstruction: it finds muon tracks with an efficiency of about 95% and computes PT of prompt muons with a resolution of 5.5% at 6 GeV and 4.0% at 20 GeV. The algorithm requires an overall execution time of similar to 1 ms on a 100 SpecInt95 machine and has been tested in the online environment of the Atlas detector test beam. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, COPPE EE, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot, Oxon, England. Univ Aix Marseille 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Phys Particules Marseille, F-13284 Marseille 07, France. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, IFAE, Barcelona, Spain. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Univ Lecce, Dipartimento Fis, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. INFN, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20122 Milan, Italy. INFN, Milan, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16126 Genoa, Italy. INFN, Genoa, Italy. Univ Bern, Lab High Energy Phys, Bern, Switzerland. Univ London, Dept Phys, London, England. Univ Roma La Sapienza, INFN, Dipartimento Fis, Rome, Italy. Univ Geneva, Sect Phys, Geneva, Switzerland. Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Experimentalphys, Innsbruck, Austria. Univ Rome Tre, Dipartimento Fis, Rome, Italy. INFN, Rome, Italy. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI USA. Univ Mannheim, Lehrstuhl Informat 5, Mannheim, Germany. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Berg Univ Wuppertal, Fachbereich Phys, Wuppertal, Germany. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis Nucl & Teor, Pavia, Italy. INFN, Pavia, Italy. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Haifa, Israel. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, Mainz, Germany. Univ Liboa, Fac Ciencias, Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada. RP Armstrong, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Casado, Pilar/H-1484-2015; Santamarina Rios, Cibran/K-4686-2014; Bosman, Martine/J-9917-2014 OI Casado, Pilar/0000-0002-0394-5646; Cataldi, Gabriella/0000-0001-8066-7718; Nisati, Aleandro/0000-0002-5080-2293; Merino, Gonzalo/0000-0002-9540-5742; Santamarina Rios, Cibran/0000-0002-9810-1816; Bosman, Martine/0000-0002-7290-643X NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 53 IS 3 BP 1339 EP 1346 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.872630 PN 3 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057FS UT WOS:000238582300013 ER PT J AU Cundiff, T Dawson, JW Dalmonte, L Drake, G Fitzpatrick, T Haberichter, W Huffman, D Luebke, W Nelson, C Reyna, D Schlereth, JL Shanahan, P Thron, JL Watson, M Zimmerman, T AF Cundiff, T Dawson, JW Dalmonte, L Drake, G Fitzpatrick, T Haberichter, W Huffman, D Luebke, W Nelson, C Reyna, D Schlereth, JL Shanahan, P Thron, JL Watson, M Zimmerman, T TI The MINOS near detector front end electronics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE application-specific integrated circuit; data acquisition; front end electronics; photomultipliers ID CHARGE INTEGRATOR AB The Near Detector for the MINOS Experiment at Fermilab is composed of alternating planes of scintillator strips and steel plates, and is read out with 64-channel, multi-anode photomultiplier tubes. The instrumentation uses a custom integrated circuit designed at Fermilab for the front end analog processing, called the QIE. The system can measure single photoelectrons to high precision with a dynamic range of 16 bits. The electronics operates in two modes. It records all events that occur during the 10 mu s "fast spill" of the beam from the Fermilab Main Injector at rate of 53 MHz, using a gate from the beamline controls to force data acquisition. The system can also acquire data from cosmic rays that pass through the detector for calibration. In this case, dynode signals from the photomultipliers; are used as the trigger, causing digitization and readout of the associated channels. Zero suppression and normalization are done in the front end electronics. The system is "triggerless" in that there is no global hardware trigger. Instead, each event is tagged with a "timestamp", which is used in postprocessing to reconstruct events and discard noise hits. The system of 10,000 channels is now built and installed, and operational at Fermilab. The components of the system are described and preliminary system performance is reported. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Cundiff, T (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM drake@anl.gov NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 53 IS 3 BP 1347 EP 1355 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.876771 PN 3 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057FS UT WOS:000238582300014 ER PT J AU Runkle, RC Tardiff, MF Anderson, KK Carlson, DK Smith, LE AF Runkle, RC Tardiff, MF Anderson, KK Carlson, DK Smith, LE TI Analysis of spectroscopic radiation portal monitor data using principal components analysis SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE anomaly detection; gamma-ray spectral analysis; multivariate statistics; principal components analysis; radiation portal monitoring AB Many international border crossings screen cargo for illicit nuclear material using radiation portal monitors (RPMs) that measure the gamma-ray flux emitted by vehicles. Screening often consists of primary, which acts as a trip-wire for suspect vehicles, and secondary, which locates the radiation source and performs isotopic identification. The authors present a method of anomaly detection for primary screening that uses past observations of gamma-ray signatures to define an expected benign vehicle population. Newly acquired spectra are then compared to this expected population using statistical criteria that reflect acceptable alarm rates and probabilities of detection. Shown here is an analysis of spectroscopic RPM data collected at an international border crossing using this technique. The raw data were analyzed to develop an expected benign vehicle population by decimating the original pulse-height channels, extracting composite variables with principal components analysis, and estimating variance-weighted distances from the "mean vehicle spectra" with the Mahalanobis distance metric. The following analysis considers data acquired with both NaI(TI)-based and plastic scintillator-based RPMs. For each system, performance estimates for anomaly sources are compared to common nuisance sources. The algorithm reported here shows promising results in that it is more sensitive to the anomaly sources than common nuisance sources for both RPM types. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Radiat Detect & Nucl Sci Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Decis & Sensor Analyt Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Runkle, RC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Radiat Detect & Nucl Sci Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM robert.runkle@pnl.gov; mark.tardiff@pnl.gov; kevin.anderson@pnl.gov; deborah.carlson@pnl.gov; eric.smith@pnl.gov OI Anderson, Kevin/0000-0001-5613-5893 NR 10 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 53 IS 3 BP 1418 EP 1423 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.874883 PN 3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057FS UT WOS:000238582300027 ER PT J AU Klimenko, AV Priedhorsky, WC Hengartner, NW Borozdin, KN AF Klimenko, Alexei V. Priedhorsky, William C. Hengartner, Nicolas W. Borozdin, Konstantin N. TI Efficient strategies for low-statistics nuclear searches SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nuclear detection; nuclear search AB We demonstrate that with statistically accurate strategies the reliability, speed, and sensitivity of nuclear search can be significantly improved. We offer two efficient strategies for the quick localization of a weak radioactive source in a large search area. The comparison of our search strategies with a simple uniform search shows improvement of the average search time by 5-10 times. We show that the proposed search strategies significantly reduce the search time while keeping the number of both false negatives and false alarms under control. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Klimenko, AV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM klimenko@lanl.gov OI Priedhorsky, William/0000-0003-0295-9138; Klimenko, Alexei/0000-0003-4255-9374; Hengartner, Nicolas/0000-0002-4157-134X NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 53 IS 3 BP 1435 EP 1442 DI 10.1109/TNS.2005.862860 PN 3 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057FS UT WOS:000238582300030 ER PT J AU Li, Z Verbitskaya, E Eremin, V Ivanov, A Harkonen, J Tuovinen, E Luukka, R AF Li, Z Verbitskaya, E Eremin, V Ivanov, A Harkonen, J Tuovinen, E Luukka, R TI Detector recovery/improvement via elevated-temperature-annealing (DRIVE) - A new approach for Si detector applications in high radiation environment in SLHC SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CCE; elevated T anneal; radiation hardness; Si detectors; space charge sign inversion (SCSI) ID IRRADIATED SILICON DETECTORS; CHARGES N-EFF; NEUTRON AB A new approach to improve Si detector radiation hardness/tolerance, termed as DRIVE (Detector Recovery/Improvement Via Elevated-temperature-annealing), has been realized by annealing of oxygen-rich (magnetic Czochralski), proton-irradiated Si detectors (with negative space charge before annealing) at medium temperature for a few hours. The DRIVE approach has been proved to lead to the dramatic decrease in detector leakage current, decrease in detector negative space charge concentration, and an eventual space charge sign inversion from negative to positive. Defect studies have shown significant reduction in overall defect concentrations after annealing. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Li, Z (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM zhengl@bnl.gov; elena.verbitskaya@mail.ioffe.ru; vladimir.eremin@mail.ioffe.ru; alexander.ivanov@mail.ioffe.ru; jaakko.haerkoenen@cem.ch; etuovine@cc.hut.fi; panja.luukka@cern.ch RI Verbitskaya, Elena/D-1521-2014; Ivanov, Alexander/E-3993-2014 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 53 IS 3 BP 1551 EP 1556 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.872773 PN 3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057FS UT WOS:000238582300042 ER PT J AU Chu, P Hansen, DL Doyle, BL Jobe, K Lopez-Aguado, R Shoga, M Walsh, DS AF Chu, P Hansen, DL Doyle, BL Jobe, K Lopez-Aguado, R Shoga, M Walsh, DS TI Ion-microbeam probe of high-speed shift registers for SEE analysis - Part I: SiGe SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE heavy ion; microbeam; silicon germanium; single event upset ID SINGLE-EVENT UPSET; BIPOLAR LINEAR CIRCUITS; CHARGE COLLECTION; HEAVY-ION; RADIATION TOLERANCE; BICMOS TECHNOLOGY; CROSS-SECTIONS; DATA RATES; LOGIC; SENSITIVITY AB We report here results of high-speed single event effect (SEE) testing of SiGe-based ASICs using Sandia National Laboratories ion microbeam probe. Test results are presented for shift registers operating at clock speeds from 0.1 to 6.4 GHz, and provide a way to correlate relative SEU vulnerability to circuit design. The results show that in similar circuits such as "track" and "hold" pairs in the latches, and the emitter followers in the buffers, circuit function can cause significant differences in sensitivity. C1 Boeing Satellite Syst, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Raytheon Co, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Chu, P (reprint author), Boeing Satellite Syst, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. EM david.l.hansen@boeing.com NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 53 IS 3 BP 1574 EP 1582 DI 10.1109/TNS.2005.861420 PN 3 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057FS UT WOS:000238582300045 ER PT J AU Chu, P Hansen, DL Doyle, BL Jobe, K Lopez-Aguado, R Shoga, M Walsh, DS AF Chu, P Hansen, DL Doyle, BL Jobe, K Lopez-Aguado, R Shoga, M Walsh, DS TI Ion-microbeam probe of high-speed shift registers for SEU analysis - Part II: InP SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE heavy ion; indium phosphide; microbeam; single event upset ID UPSET CROSS-SECTIONS; SINGLE; FREQUENCIES; TECHNOLOGY; CIRCUITS AB We report here results of the high speed testing of InP ASICs using Sandia National Laboratories' ion microbeam probe for single event effects. Test results are presented for 4-bit shift registers operating at clock speeds from 0.1 GHz to 10 GHz. We discuss the effects of clock speed and driving voltage on SEU sensitivity, and show that in both cases the increase in vulnerability begins at some threshold rather than being linear over the whole operating range. We also identify and correlate relative SEU hardness to transistor function and show the clock buffers to be the most sensitive part of the circuit. In addition we present a new technique or probing individual transistors that statistically improves the data and use it to show the lateral variations in sensitivity for a discrete transistor. C1 Boeing Satellite Syst, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Raytheon Co, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Hansen, DL (reprint author), Boeing Satellite Syst, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. EM david.l.hansen@boeing.com NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 53 IS 3 BP 1583 EP 1592 DI 10.1109/TNS.2005.861421 PN 3 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057FS UT WOS:000238582300046 ER PT J AU MacDonald, EA Thomsen, MF Funsten, HO AF MacDonald, E. A. Thomsen, M. F. Funsten, H. O. TI Background in channel electron multiplier detectors due to penetrating radiation in space SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE channel electron multiplier (CEM); Magnetospheric Plasma Analyzer (MPA); space radiation ID ENVIRONMENTS AB Penetrating radiation in the Earth's space environment can induce substantial backgrounds in electron multiplier detectors used on space instruments. Background count rates from the Magnetospheric Plasma Analyzer (MPA) on LANL satellites in geosynchronous orbit are calculated and compared to the ambient penetrating particle radiation environment to develop a basis for estimating and predicting detector background count rates throughout the magnetosphere. For several solar energetic proton events and, separately, relativistic electron events, it is shown that background counts in the largely unshielded channel electron multiplier (CEM) detectors on MPA are highly correlated with fluxes of greater than 50 MeV protons or greater than 1.1 MeV electrons. The energetic proton and electron measurements used to characterize the penetrating radiation come from the EPS instrument on the GOES satellites and the SOPA instrument on the LANL satellites, respectively. The high-energy spectrum at geosynchronous orbit during these events can be compared with the AP/AE-8 models of the inner magnetosphere fluxes. Based on the correlation between CEM background and ambient penetrating radiation at geosynchronous, we extrapolate the background response to the inner magnetosphere, a highly relevant instrument design parameter for future missions to this region. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Sci & Applicat Grp, ISR1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP MacDonald, EA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Sci & Applicat Grp, ISR1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM macdonald@lanl.gov RI Funsten, Herbert/A-5702-2015 OI Funsten, Herbert/0000-0002-6817-1039 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 53 IS 3 BP 1593 EP 1598 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.874497 PN 3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057FS UT WOS:000238582300047 ER PT J AU Ziock, KP Collins, JW Fabris, L Gallagher, S Horn, BKP Lanza, RC Madden, NW AF Ziock, KP Collins, JW Fabris, L Gallagher, S Horn, BKP Lanza, RC Madden, NW TI Source-search sensitivity of a large-area, coded-aperture, gamma-ray imager SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE coded aperture imager; gamma-ray detectors; gamma-ray imagers; orphan source search; nuclear imaging ID UNIFORMLY REDUNDANT ARRAYS AB We have recently completed a large-area, coded-aperture, gamma-ray imager for use in searching for radiation sources. The instrument was constructed to verify that weak point sources can be detected at considerable distances if one uses imaging to overcome fluctuations in the natural background. The instrument uses a rank-19, one-dimensional coded aperture to cast shadow patterns onto a 0.57 m(2) NaI(TI) detector composed of 57 individual cubes each 10 cm on a side. These are arranged in a 19 x 3 array. The mask is composed of four-cm thick, one-meter high, 10-cm wide lead blocks. The instrument is mounted in the back of a small truck from which images are obtained as one drives through a region. Results of first measurements obtained with the system are presented. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Ziock, KP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM ziockk@ornl.gov; bkph@ai.mit.edu; lanza@mit.edu RI Fabris, Lorenzo/E-4653-2013 OI Fabris, Lorenzo/0000-0001-5605-5615 NR 11 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 53 IS 3 BP 1614 EP 1621 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.875285 PN 3 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057FS UT WOS:000238582300050 ER PT J AU Parker, SI Kenney, CJ Gnani, D Thompson, AC Mandelli, E Meddeler, G Hasi, J Morse, J Westbrook, EM AF Parker, SI Kenney, CJ Gnani, D Thompson, AC Mandelli, E Meddeler, G Hasi, J Morse, J Westbrook, EM TI 3DX: An X-ray pixel array detector with active edges SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE active edges; detectors; guard rings; insensitive edge regions; protein crystallography; semiconductor sensors; silicon sensors; structural molecular biology; three-dimensional (3D) electrodes; 3D sensors; X-ray detectors ID SILICON DETECTORS; RADIATION DETECTORS; ARCHITECTURE; DIFFRACTION; SENSORS; FABRICATION; READOUT; PILATUS; ENERGY; CHIP AB We are developing a prototype X-ray detection system that should be ideal for many types of synchrotron science. X-rays are captured directly in thick, high-resistivity, single-crystal, silicon pixel sensors. Unlike other X-ray detectors, which have a substantial dead area around their borders, these have "active edges"-edges formed from electrodes in the third dimension, perpendicular to the top and bottom surfaces,with full sensitivity to within a micron of the physical border. Each sensor is 0.96 mm x 0.96 mm, having a 64 x 64 two-dimensional array of 150 mu m pixels. Behind each sensor, a custom CMOS readout chip is bump-bonded to the sensor. It provides high-speed (64 mu s/full-array) readout of each pixel, with a dead time for each row, during pixel reset, of 1 mu s. On three edges, it lies completely hidden behind the sensor. A 3 mm wide region on the remaining edge of each CMOS chip contains readout circuits and connections. Here it protrudes beyond the sensor edge, but is covered by the active region of a neighboring sensor module in an array similar to that of shingles on a roof. Sensor units can be easily arrayed to cover large areas. The readout chip has 128 ADCs and, for each pixel, a charge amplifier. To save fabrication costs, the prototype readout has just 8 x 64 pixels. Using pulse heights, we should be able to combine signals when X-rays share charge between adjacent pixels. We have already made accurate quantum-counts of 0 to 7 X-ray events/pixel during each 64 mu s readout cycle. C1 Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Mol Biol Consortium, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. RP Parker, SI (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM sher@slac.stanford.edu RI Gnani, Dario/J-6426-2012 OI Gnani, Dario/0000-0003-0464-9176 NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 53 IS 3 BP 1676 EP 1688 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.873713 PN 3 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057FS UT WOS:000238582300059 ER PT J AU Yip, AM Ding, C Chan, TF AF Yip, AM Ding, C Chan, TF TI Dynamic cluster formation using level set methods SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE dynamic clustering; level set methods; cluster intensity functions; kernel density estimation; cluster contours; partial differential equations ID ALGORITHMS; DATABASES AB Density- based clustering has the advantages for 1) allowing arbitrary shape of cluster and 2) not requiring the number of clusters as input. However, when clusters touch each other, both the cluster centers and cluster boundaries ( as the peaks and valleys of the density distribution) become fuzzy and difficult to determine. We introduce the notion of cluster intensity function ( CIF) which captures the important characteristics of clusters. When clusters are well- separated, CIFs are similar to density functions. But, when clusters become closed to each other, CIFs still clearly reveal cluster centers, cluster boundaries, and degree of membership of each data point to the cluster that it belongs. Clustering through bump hunting and valley seeking based on these functions are more robust than that based on density functions obtained by kernel density estimation, which are often oscillatory or oversmoothed. These problems of kernel density estimation are resolved using Level Set Methods and related techniques. Comparisons with two existing density- based methods, valley seeking and DBSCAN, are presented which illustrate the advantages of our approach. C1 Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Math, Singapore 117543, Singapore. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Math, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Math, 2,Sci Dr 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore. EM matymha@nus.edu.sg; chqding@lbl.gov; chan@college.ucla.edu RI Yip, Andy/C-9025-2011; Chan, Tony/A-4166-2013 FU NIMH NIH HHS [P20 MH65166] NR 42 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0162-8828 EI 1939-3539 J9 IEEE T PATTERN ANAL JI IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 28 IS 6 BP 877 EP 889 DI 10.1109/TPAMI.2006.117 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 031WB UT WOS:000236734400003 PM 16724583 ER PT J AU Chen, C Lawson, WG Sprehn, D AF Chen, C Lawson, WG Sprehn, D TI Guest editorial the eleventh special issue on high-power microwave generation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Klystron Tube Res & Dev Dept, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Chen, C (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 3 BP 498 EP 499 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.877378 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 057FU UT WOS:000238582500001 ER PT J AU Gomberoff, K Deutsch, A AF Gomberoff, K Deutsch, A TI Particle-in-cell simulations of start-up dynamics in a grounded cathode magnetron SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE magnetrons; microwave generation; microwave tubes; nonlinear oscillators; phase locked oscillators; simulation ID RELATIVISTIC MAGNETRON AB Simulations results of a relativistic magnetron using the MAGIC particle-In-cell (PIC) code are reported. The time evolution of the buildup process for different magnetron azimuthal modes is studied for a variety of initial voltages, with and without a second, oscillatory small voltage in addition to. the drive. The self-field is seen to evolve so that the anode-cathode voltage nears the Buneman-Hartree voltage of a particular mode. Simulations show that the output power is larger in the case where the voltage dynamically approaches the Buneman-Hartree value from above than when it is approached from below: The time evolution of a pure mode (without mode competition) resembles the time evolution of some autoresonant systems. An oscillatory voltage, of relatively small amplitude, fixed or chirped in frequency is seen to modify mode competition. The frequency of the first occurring mode is shown to follow the external drive with small phase deviations. This appears to be the beginning of an autoresonace process driven by the external drive, which stops abruptly at the mode transition. Small changes in the azimuthal structure are seen to lead to different mode dynamics; when the pi-mode symmetry is enforced other competing modes are suppressed to some extent. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gomberoff, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM katiag@rafael.co.il; alondo@rafael.co.il NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 3 BP 590 EP 605 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.875851 PN 1 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 057FU UT WOS:000238582500016 ER PT J AU White, WM Gilgenbach, RM Jones, MC Neculaes, VB Lau, YY Pengvanich, P Jordan, NMC Hoff, BW Edgar, R Spencer, TA Price, D AF White, WM Gilgenbach, RM Jones, MC Neculaes, VB Lau, YY Pengvanich, P Jordan, NMC Hoff, BW Edgar, R Spencer, TA Price, D TI Radio frequency priming of a long-pulse relativistic magnetron SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE high-power microwaves; magnetrons; priming; pulse shortening ID RISING-SUN; OPERATION; LOCKING; CATHODE AB Rapid startup, increased pulsewidth, and mode locking of magnetrons have been explored experimentally on a relativistic magnetron by radio frequency (RF) priming. Experiments utilize a -300 kV, 2-8 kA, 300-500-ns electron beam to drive a Titan six-vane relativistic magnetron (5-100 MW output power in each of the three waveguides). The RF priming source is a 100-kW pulsed magnetron operating at 1.27-1.32 GHz. Tuning stubs are utilized in the Titan structure to adjust the frequency of the relativistic magnetron to match that of the priming source. Experiments are performed on rising sun as well as standard anode configurations. Magnetron start-oscillation time, pulsewidth, and pi-mode locking are compared with RF priming versus the unprimed case. The results show significant reductions in microwave output delay and mode competition even when Adler's Relation is not satisfied. C1 Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Plasma Pulsed Power & Microwave Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. GE Global Res Ctr, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. L3 Commun Titan Corp, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. RP White, WM (reprint author), Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rongilg@umich.edu NR 27 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 3 BP 627 EP 634 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.875829 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 057FU UT WOS:000238582500019 ER PT J AU Zameroski, ND Kumar, P Watts, C Svimonishvili, T Gilmore, M Schamiloglu, E Gaudet, JA AF Zameroski, ND Kumar, P Watts, C Svimonishvili, T Gilmore, M Schamiloglu, E Gaudet, JA TI Secondary electron yield measurements from materials with application to collectors of high-power microwave devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE collectors; depressed collectors; high-power microwaves (HPMs); secondary electron yield (SEY); secondary electrons ID EMISSION AB An experimental test facility has been established for measuring the secondary electron yield (SEY) of materials thought to be suitable for low yield vacuum electronic applications such as collectors in high-power microwave (HPM) tubes. Experiments can be broadly divided into two energy-regimes: a high-energy (1-50 keV) and a low-energy (10 eV-1 keV) regime. Measurements of SEY at high energies are presented for the following materials: copper, titanium, and Poco graphite. Observation of time-dependent SEY behavior in these samples suggests that surface processes play an important role during measurements. In addition, SEY at low energies and as a function of the angle of incidence of primary electrons has been measured for plasma sprayed boron carbide (PSBC). The experimental results presented here are benchmarked with existing SEY data in the literature, empirically and to first principle formulae. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Zameroski, ND (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM ndzamer@sandia.gov; prash@unm.edu; cwatts@ece.unm.edu; tengusha@ece.unm.edu; gilmore@ece.unm.edu; edl@ece.unm.edu; jgaudet@ece.unm.edu NR 18 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 3 BP 642 EP 651 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.875778 PN 1 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 057FU UT WOS:000238582500021 ER PT J AU Kaganovich, I Raitses, Y Cohen, S AF Kaganovich, I Raitses, Y Cohen, S TI Guest editorial - Special issue of invited papers of 2005 Workshop on Nonlocal, Collisionless Electron Transport in Plasmas SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Kaganovich, I (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 3 BP 694 EP 695 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.877376 PN 2 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 057FW UT WOS:000238582700001 ER PT J AU Kaganovich, ID Polomarov, OV Theodosiou, CE AF Kaganovich, ID Polomarov, OV Theodosiou, CE TI Revisiting the anomalous RF field penetration into a warm plasma SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Nonlocal, Collisionless Electron Transport in Plasmas CY 2005 CL Princeton Plasma Physic Lab, Princeton, NJ HO Princeton Plasma Physic Lab DE anomalous skin effect; capacitive sheath; radio frequency (RF) discharge; skin layer ID ENERGY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; QUASI-LINEAR THEORY; GAS-DISCHARGES; ELECTRON-ENERGY; COUPLED DISCHARGE; POWER DEPOSITION; GLOW-DISCHARGES; ABSORPTION; DENSITY; MECHANISMS AB Radio frequency (RF) waves do not penetrate into a plasma and are damped within it. The electric field of the wave and plasma current are concentrated near the plasma boundary in a skin layer. Electrons can transport the plasma current away from the skin layer due to their thermal motion. As a result, the width of the skin. layer increases when electron thermal velocity is taken into account. This phenomenon is, called the anomalous skin effect. The anomalous penetration of the RF electromagnetic field occurs not only for the electric field parallel to the plasma boundary (inductively coupled plasmas), but also for the electric field normal to the plasma boundary (capacitively coupled plasmas). Such anomalous penetration of the RF field modifies the structure of the RF sheath in capacitive coupled plasma. Recent advances in the nonlinear, nonlocal theory of the capacitive sheath are reported. It is shown that separating the electric field profile into exponential and nonexponential parts yields an efficient qualitative and quantitative description of the anomalous RF field penetration in both inductively and capacitively coupled plasmas. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Kaganovich, ID (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 53 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 3 BP 696 EP 717 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.873253 PN 2 PG 22 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 057FW UT WOS:000238582700002 ER PT J AU Polomarov, OV Theodosiou, CE Kaganovich, ID Economou, DJ Ramamurthi, BN AF Polomarov, OV Theodosiou, CE Kaganovich, ID Economou, DJ Ramamurthi, BN TI Self-consistent modeling of nonlocal inductively coupled plasmas SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Nonlocal, Collisionless Electron Transport in Plasmas CY 2005 CL Princeton Plasma Physic Lab, Princeton, NJ HO Princeton Plasma Physic Lab DE anomalous heating; collisionless heating; plasma discharges; stochastic heating ID PRESSURE RF DISCHARGE; BOUNCE-RESONANCE; CYCLOTRON-RESONANCE; ELECTRON-CYCLOTRON; MAGNETIC-FIELD; GAS-DISCHARGES; TRANSMISSION; REGIME; ARGON AB In low-pressure radio-frequency (RF) discharges, the electron-energy distribution function (EEDF) is typically non-Maxwellian for low plasma density. The nonlocal plasma conductivity, plasma density profiles, and EEDF are all nonlinear and nonlocally coupled. For accurate calculation of the discharge characteristics, the EEDF needs to be computed self-consistently. The method of fast self-consistent one-dimensional of planar inductively coupled discharges driven by a RF electromagnetic field is presented. The effects of a non-Maxwellian EEDF, plasma nonuniformity, and finite size, as well as the influence of the external magnetic field on the plasma properties are considered and discussed. C1 Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Houston, Plasma Proc Lab, Dept Chem Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Polomarov, OV (reprint author), Univ Texas, Inst Fus Studies, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM opoloma@physics.utexas.edu; ctheodo@utnet.utoledo.edu; ikaganov@pppl.gov; economou@uh.edu NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 3 BP 767 EP 785 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.875733 PN 2 PG 19 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 057FW UT WOS:000238582700007 ER PT J AU Cohen, SA Sun, X Ferraro, NM Scime, EE Miah, M Stange, S Siefert, NS Boivin, RF AF Cohen, SA Sun, X Ferraro, NM Scime, EE Miah, M Stange, S Siefert, NS Boivin, RF TI On collisionless ion and electron populations in the magnetic nozzle experiment (MNX) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Nonlocal, Collisionless Electron Transport in Plasmas CY 2005 CL Princeton Plasma Physic Lab, Princeton, NJ HO Princeton Plasma Physic Lab DE double layer; helicon; laser-induced-fluorescence (LIF); magnetic nozzle ID FREE DOUBLE-LAYER; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; HELICON PLASMA; DISCHARGE; WAVES; PROPULSION; DEVICE AB The Magnetic Nozzle Experiment (MNX) is a linear magnetized helicon-heated plasma device, with applications to advanced spacecraft-propulsion methods and solar-corona physics. This paper reviews ion and electron energy distributions measured in MNX with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and probes, respectively. Ions, cold and highly collisional in the main MNX region, are accelerated along a uniform magnetic field to sonic then supersonic speeds as they exit the main region through either mechanical or magnetic apertures. A sharp decrease in density downstream of the aperture(s) helps effect a transition from collisional to collisionless plasma. The electrons in the downstream region have an average energy somewhat higher than that in the main region. From LIF ion-velocity measurements, we find upstream of the aperture a presheath of strength Delta phi(ps) = T-mr(e), where T-mr(e) is the electron temperature in the main region, and length similar to 3 cm, comparable to the ion-neutral mean-free-path; immediately downstream of the aperture is an electrostatic double layer of strength Delta phi(DL) = 3-10 T-mr(e) and length 0.3-0.6 cm, 30-600 lambda(D). The existence of a small, ca. 0.1%, superthermal electron population with average energy similar to 10 T-mr(e) is inferred from considerations of spectroscopic line ratios, floating potentials, and Langmuir probe data. The superthermal electrons are suggested to be the source for the large Delta phi(DL). C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Univ Michigan, Univ Res Program Robot, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Cohen, SA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM scohen@pppl.gov NR 43 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 3 BP 792 EP 803 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.875846 PN 2 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 057FW UT WOS:000238582700009 ER PT J AU Sydorenko, D Smolyakov, A Kaganovich, I Raitses, Y AF Sydorenko, D Smolyakov, A Kaganovich, I Raitses, Y TI Modification of electron velocity distribution in bounded plasmas by secondary electron emission SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Nonlocal, Collisionless Electron Transport in Plasmas CY 2005 CL Princeton Plasma Physic Lab, Princeton, NJ HO Princeton Plasma Physic Lab DE electron beams; electron emission; Hall effect; particle collisions; plasma engines; plasma sheaths ID HALL THRUSTER; ENERGY DISTRIBUTION; COULOMB COLLISIONS; WALL CONDUCTIVITY; RF DISCHARGE; NEAR-WALL; SIMULATION; MODEL; ARGON; TRANSITION AB A particle-in-cell code has been developed for simulations of plasmas of Hall thruster discharges. The simulated system is a plasma slab bounded by dielectric walls with secondary electron emission. An external, accelerating electric field directed parallel to the walls and an external magnetic field directed normal to the walls are applied. The strongly anisotropic non-Maxwellian electron velocity distribution function is obtained in simulations. The average energy of electron motion parallel to the walls is defined by collisional heating in. the accelerating electric field. This energy is much higher than the average energy of electron motion normal to the walls, which is determined by the energy of electrons produced in ionization and by scattering of electrons by neutral atoms. The electron distribution function for velocity components normal to the walls is depleted for energies above the near-wall plasma potential. The effects of Coulomb collisions on the electron velocity distribution function and electron wall losses are studied. C1 Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Sydorenko, D (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. EM dms169@mail.usask.ca NR 47 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 3 BP 815 EP 824 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.875727 PN 2 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 057FW UT WOS:000238582700011 ER PT J AU Polzin, KA Choueiri, EY AF Polzin, KA Choueiri, EY TI Performance optimization criteria for pulsed inductive plasma acceleration SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acceleration modeling; nondimensional scaling parameters; pulsed inductive acceleration; pulsed plasma acceleration AB A model of pulsed inductive plasma thrusters consisting of a set of coupled circuit equations and a one-dimensional momentum equation has been nondimensionalized leading to the identification of several scaling parameters. Contour plots representing thruster performance (exhaust velocity and efficiency) were generated numerically as a function of the scaling parameters. The analysis revealed the benefits of underdamped current waveforms and led to an efficiency maximization criterion that requires the circuit's natural period to be matched to the acceleration timescale. It is also shown that the performance increases as a greater fraction of the propellant is-loaded nearer to the inductive acceleration coil. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Elect Prop & Plasma Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Polzin, KA (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM kurt.a.polzin@nasa.gov; choueiri@princeton.edu NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 3 BP 945 EP 953 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.875732 PN 3 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 057FY UT WOS:000238582900004 ER PT J AU Brislawn, CM Wohlberg, B AF Brislawn, CM Wohlberg, B TI The polyphase-with-advance representation and linear phase lifting factorizations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE filter bank; lifting; linear phase; JPEG 2000; polyphase; wavelet ID RECONSTRUCTION FILTER BANK; WAVELET TRANSFORMS; LATTICE STRUCTURE; SCHEME; DESIGN; CONSTRUCTION; COMPRESSION; EXTENSION; STANDARD AB A matrix theory is developed for the noncausal polyphase representation that underlies the theory of lifted filter banks and wavelet transforms. The theory presented here develops an extensive matrix algebra framework for analyzing and implementing linear phase two-channel filter banks via lifting cascade schemes. Whole-sample symmetric and half-sample symmetric linear phase filter banks are characterized completely in terms of the polyphase-with-advance representation, and new proofs are given of linear phase lifting factorization theorems for these two principal classes of linear phase filter banks. The theory benefits significantly from a number of group-theoretic structures arising in the polyphase-with-advance representation and in the lifting factorization of linear phase filter banks. These results form the foundation's of the lifting methodology employed in Part 2 of the ISO/IEC JPEG 2000 still image coding standard. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brislawn, CM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM brislawn@lanl.gov; brendt@lanl.gov RI Zhang, Wenjun/G-2958-2011; Wohlberg, Brendt/M-7764-2015 OI Wohlberg, Brendt/0000-0002-4767-1843 NR 47 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2022 EP 2034 DI 10.1109/TSP.2006.872582 PN 1 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 047SW UT WOS:000237900000006 ER PT J AU Singer, BC Destaillats, H Hodgson, AT Nazaroff, WW AF Singer, BC Destaillats, H Hodgson, AT Nazaroff, WW TI Cleaning products and air fresheners: emissions and resulting concentrations of glycol ethers and terpenoids SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article DE exposure; indoor air chemistry; sorption; toxic air contaminants; volatile organic compounds ID CONSUMER PRODUCTS; EXPOSURE; OZONE; LIMONENE; POLLUTANTS; INHALATION; PARTICLES; MIXTURES AB Experiments were conducted to quantify emissions and concentrations of glycol ethers and terpenoids from cleaning product and air freshener use in a 50-m(3) room ventilated at approximately 0.5/h. Five cleaning products were applied full-strength (FS); three were additionally used in dilute solution. FS application of pine-oil cleaner (POC) yielded 1-h concentrations of 10-1300 mu g/m(3) for individual terpenoids, including alpha-terpinene (90-120), d-limonene (1000-1100), terpinolene (900-1300), and alpha-terpineol (260-700). One-hour concentrations of 2-butoxyethanol and/or d-limonene were 300-6000 mu g/m(3) after FS use of other products. During FS application including rinsing with sponge and wiping with towels, fractional emissions (mass volatilized/dispensed) of 2-butoxyethanol and d-limonene were 50-100% with towels retained, and approximately 25-50% when towels were removed after cleaning. Lower fractions (2-11%) resulted from dilute use. Fractional emissions of terpenes from FS use of POC were approximately 35-70% with towels retained, and 20-50% with towels removed. During floor cleaning with dilute solution of POC, 7-12% of dispensed terpenes were emitted. Terpene alcohols were emitted at lower fractions: 7-30% (FS, towels retained), 2-9% (FS, towels removed), and 2-5% (dilute). During air-freshener use, d-limonene, dihydromyrcenol, linalool, linalyl acetate, and beta-citronellol) were emitted at 35-180 mg/day over 3 days while air concentrations averaged 30-160 mu g/m(3). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Singer, BC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Indoor Environm Dept, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 90K, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bcsinger@lbl.gov RI Nazaroff, William/C-4106-2008; Destaillats, Hugo/B-7936-2013 OI Nazaroff, William/0000-0001-5645-3357; NR 23 TC 135 Z9 135 U1 5 U2 40 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 3 BP 179 EP 191 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2005.00414.x PG 13 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 037XV UT WOS:000237182100003 PM 16683937 ER PT J AU Niesz, K Koebel, MM Somorjai, GA AF Niesz, K Koebel, MM Somorjai, GA TI Fabrication of two- and three-dimensional model catalyst systems with monodispersed platinum nanoparticles as active metal building blocks SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE platinum nanoparticles; oxide supports; Langmuir-Schaeffer technique ID SIZE CONTROL; PARTICLE-SIZE; SHAPE; NANOCRYSTALS; SILICA; GOLD; DEPENDENCE; CHEMISTRY; COPOLYMER; TRIBLOCK AB Well-defined Pt monodispersed nanoparticles within the catalytically relevant 1-10 nm size regime were synthesized in solution phase by several synthetic methods which differed in the choice of reducing agent, surface stabilizer, reaction temperature and solvent. Three-dimensional model catalysts were fabricated by incorporating the metal nanoparticles into ordered channels of high surface area mesoporous oxides such as SiO2, Al2O3 and Ta2O5 through either sonication or direct synthesis of the oxide support around the particles. Deposition of the same nanocrystals onto silica supports by means of the Langmuir-Schaeffer technique produced two-dimensional model catalysts. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, D56 Hildebrand Hill, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM somorjai@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 359 IS 9 BP 2683 EP 2689 DI 10.1016/j.ica.2005.10.057 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 052YI UT WOS:000238269600012 ER PT J AU Lewandowski, JLV AF Lewandowski, Jerome L. V. TI SELF-CORRECTING MULTIGRID SOLVER SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Multigrid; elliptic equations; Jacobi method; Gauss-Seidel method AB A new multigrid algorithm based on the method of self-correction for the solution of elliptic problems is described. The method exploits information contained in the residual to dynamically modify the source term (right-hand side) of the elliptic problem. It has shown that the self-correcting solver is more efficient at damping the short wavelength modes of the algebraic error than its standard equivalent. When used in conjunction with a multigrid method, the resulting solver displays an improved convergence rate with no additional computational work. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Lewandowski, JLV (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0219-8762 J9 INT J COMP METH-SING JI Int. J. Comput. Methods PD JUN PY 2006 VL 3 IS 2 BP 137 EP 151 DI 10.1142/S0219876206000345 PG 15 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA V11TD UT WOS:000207553000001 ER PT J AU Clark, CR Ulmer, CD Schimmel, DE AF Clark, C. R. Ulmer, C. D. Schimmel, D. E. TI An FPGA-based network intrusion detection system with on-chip network interfaces SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Applied Reconfigurable Computing held in Conjunction with the IADIS International Conference Applied Computing CY FEB 22-23, 2005 CL Algarve, PORTUGAL SP IADIS DE field-programmable gate array (FPGA); intrusion detection; pattern-matching; Gigabit Ethernet AB Network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) are critical network security tools that help protect computer installations from malicious users. Traditional software-based NIDS architectures are becoming strained as network data rates increase and attacks intensify in volume and complexity. In recent years, researchers have proposed using FPGAs to perform the computationally-intensive components of intrusion detection analysis. In this work, we present a new NIDS architecture that integrates the network interface hardware and packet analysis hardware into a single FPGA chip. This integration enables a higher performance and more flexible NIDS platform. To demonstrate the benefits of this technique, we have implemented a complete and functional NIDS in a Xilinx Virtex II Pro FPGA that performs in-line packet analysis and filtering on multiple Gigabit Ethernet links using rules from the open-source Snort attack database. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Clark, CR (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM cclark@ece.gatech.edu NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7217 EI 1362-3060 J9 INT J ELECTRON JI Int. J. Electron. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 93 IS 6 BP 403 EP 420 DI 10.1080/00207210600566083 PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 050MX UT WOS:000238093400005 ER PT J AU Straatman, AG Gallego, NC Thompson, BE Hangan, H AF Straatman, AG Gallego, NC Thompson, BE Hangan, H TI Thermal characterization of porous carbon foam - convection in parallel flow SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE porous carbon foam; convective heat transfer enhancement ID CONDUCTIVITY AB Experiments are presented to quantify the convective heat transfer that is obtained by passing parallel airflow over a layer of porous carbon foam bonded onto a solid substrate. The increase in heat transfer is shown to be inversely proportional to Reynolds number and decreased from about 28-10% over the Reynolds number range 150,000-500,000. The heat transfer is independent of the effective conductivity over the range of conditions tested herein, and is independent of thickness for carbon-foam layers of thickness greater than 3 mm. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Western Ontario, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Foam Applicat Technol Inc, Mayaguez, PR USA. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel Lab, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada. RP Straatman, AG (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada. EM astraatman@eng.uwo.ca OI Gallego, Nidia/0000-0002-8252-0194 NR 12 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 49 IS 11-12 BP 1991 EP 1998 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.11.028 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 039CI UT WOS:000237277200025 ER PT J AU Marques, O Drummond, T AF Marques, O Drummond, T TI Special issue on tools in the ACTS Collection - Preface SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Marques, O (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1094-3420 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD SUM PY 2006 VL 20 IS 2 BP 161 EP 162 DI 10.1177/1094342006064479 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 052UQ UT WOS:000238259800001 ER PT J AU Allan, BA Armstrong, R Bernholdt, DE Bertrand, F Chiu, K Dahlgren, TL Damevski, K Elwasif, WR Epperly, TGW Govindaraju, M Katz, DS Kohl, JA Krishnan, M Kumfert, G Larson, JW Lefantzi, S Lewis, MJ Malony, AD McInnes, LC Nieplocha, J Norris, B Parker, SG Ray, J Shende, S Windus, TL Zhou, SJ AF Allan, Benjamin A. Armstrong, Robert Bernholdt, David E. Bertrand, Felipe Chiu, Kenneth Dahlgren, Tamara L. Damevski, Kostadin Elwasif, Wael R. Epperly, Thomas G. W. Govindaraju, Madhusudhan Katz, Daniel S. Kohl, James A. Krishnan, Manoj Kumfert, Gary Larson, J. Walter Lefantzi, Sophia Lewis, Michael J. Malony, Allen D. McInnes, Lois C. Nieplocha, Jarek Norris, Boyana Parker, Steven G. Ray, Jaideep Shende, Sameer Windus, Theresa L. Zhou, Shujia TI A component architecture for high-performance scientific computing SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE component architecture; combustion modeling; climate modeling; quantum chemistry; parallel computing ID MODEL; OPTIMIZATION; INTEGRATION; CHEMISTRY; CUMULVS AB The Common Component Architecture (CCA) provides a means for software developers to manage the complexity of large-scale scientific simulations and to move toward a plug-and-play environment for high-performance computing. In the scientific computing context, component models also promote collaboration using independently developed software, thereby allowing particular individuals or groups to focus on the aspects of greatest interest to them. The CCA supports parallel and distributed computing as well as local high-performance connections between components in a language-independent manner. The design places minimal requirements on components and thus facilitates the integration of existing code into the CCA environment. The CCA model imposes minimal overhead to minimize the impact on application performance. The focus on high performance distinguishes the CCA from most other component models. The CCA is being applied within an increasing range of disciplines, including combustion research, global climate simulation, and computational chemistry. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Scalable Comp R&D, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. SUNY Binghamton, Dept Comp Sci, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Utah, Sci Comp & Imaging Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Reacting Flow Res, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Software R&D, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Northrop Grumman Corp, Informat Technol Sector, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. RP Allan, BA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Scalable Comp R&D, MS 9915,POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Damevski, Kostadin/F-4476-2014; OI Damevski, Kostadin/0000-0001-7799-2026; Katz, Daniel S./0000-0001-5934-7525 NR 126 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 14 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1094-3420 EI 1741-2846 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD SUM PY 2006 VL 20 IS 2 BP 163 EP 202 DI 10.1177/1094342006064488 PG 40 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 052UQ UT WOS:000238259800002 ER PT J AU Nieplocha, J Palmer, B Tipparaju, V Krishnan, M Trease, H Apra, E AF Nieplocha, Jarek Palmer, Bruce Tipparaju, Vinod Krishnan, Manojkumar Trease, Harold Apra, Edoardo TI Advances, applications and performance of the Global Arrays shared memory programming toolkit SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Global Arrays; global address space; shared memory; data distribution; parallel programming; data abstraction ID MULTIREFERENCE CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY; PARALLEL PROCESSORS; COMMUNICATION; PACKAGE; MODEL; GAS AB This paper describes capabilities, evolution, performance, and applications of the Global Arrays (GA) toolkit. GA was created to provide application programmers with an interface that allows them to distribute data while maintaining the type of global index space and programming syntax similar to that available when programming on a single processor. The goal of GA is to free the programmer from the low level management of communication and allow them to deal with their problems at the level at which they were originally formulated. At the same time, compatibility of GA with MPI enables the programmer to take advantage of the existing MPI software/libraries when available and appropriate. The variety of applications that have been implemented using Global Arrays attests to the attractiveness of using higher level abstractions to write parallel code. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Dept, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Nieplocha, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Dept, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Apra, Edoardo/F-2135-2010 OI Apra, Edoardo/0000-0001-5955-0734 NR 92 TC 125 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1094-3420 EI 1741-2846 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD SUM PY 2006 VL 20 IS 2 BP 203 EP 231 DI 10.1177/1094342006064503 PG 29 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 052UQ UT WOS:000238259800003 ER PT J AU Nieplocha, J Tipparaju, V Krishnan, M Panda, DK AF Nieplocha, J. Tipparaju, V. Krishnan, M. Panda, D. K. TI High performance remote memory access communication: The ARMCI approach SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE remote memory access; one-sided communication; programming models; ARMCI; high performance; networks AB This paper describes the Aggregate Remote Memory Copy Interface (ARMCI), a portable high performance remote memory access communication interface, developed originally under the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Advanced Computational Testing and Simulation Toolkit project and currently used and advanced as a part of the run-time layer of the DOE project, Programming Models for Scalable Parallel Computing. The paper discusses the model, addresses challenges of portable implementations, and demonstrates that ARMCI delivers high performance on a variety of platforms. Special emphasis is placed on the latency hiding mechanisms and ability to optimize noncontiguous data transfers. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Dept, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Nieplocha, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Dept, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 45 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1094-3420 EI 1741-2846 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD SUM PY 2006 VL 20 IS 2 BP 233 EP 253 DI 10.1177/1094342006064504 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 052UQ UT WOS:000238259800004 ER PT J AU Kohl, JA Wilde, T Bernholdt, DE AF Kohl, JA Wilde, T Bernholdt, DE TI CUMULVS: Interacting with high-performance scientific simulations, for visualization, steering and fault tolerance SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE CUMULVS; visualization; computational steering; fault tolerance; model coupling; MxN; CCA; Global Arrays; PVM; MPI; ECho ID PARALLEL AB High-performance computer simulations are an increasingly popular alternative or complement to physical experiments or prototypes. However, as these simulations grow more massive and complex, it becomes challenging to monitor and control their execution. CUMULVS is a middleware infrastructure for visualizing and steering scientific simulations while they are running. Front-end "viewers" attach dynamically to simulation programs, to extract and collect intermediate data values, even if decomposed over many parallel tasks. These data can be graphically viewed or animated in a variety of commercial or custom visualization environments using a provided viewer library. In response to this visual feedback, scientists can "close the loop" and apply interactive control using computational steering of any user-defined algorithmic or model parameters. The data identification interfaces and gathering protocols can also be applied for parallel data exchange in support of coupled simulations, and for application-directed collection of key program data in checkpoints, for automated restart in response to software or hardware failures. CUMULVS was originally based on PVM, but interoperates well with simulations that use MPI or other parallel environments. Several alternate messaging systems are being integrated with CUMULVS to ease its applicability, e.g. to MPI. CUMULVS has recently been integrated with the Common Component Architecture (CCA) for visualization and parallel data redistribution (referred to as "MxN"), and also with Global Arrays. This paper serves as a comprehensive overview of the CUMULVS capabilities, their usage, and their development over several years. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kohl, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM KOHLJA@ORNL.GOV NR 78 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1094-3420 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD SUM PY 2006 VL 20 IS 2 BP 255 EP 285 DI 10.1177/1094342006064502 PG 31 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 052UQ UT WOS:000238259800005 ER PT J AU McMillian, MH Lawson, SA AF McMillian, Michael H. Lawson, Seth A. TI Experimental and modeling study of hydrogen/syngas production and particulate emissions from a natural gas-fueled partial oxidation engine SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE hydrogen; engine; partial oxidation; PM; particulate AB In this study. a combustion model was first applied to conditions representing varying compression ratios and equivalence ratios to investigate engine exhaust composition from partial oxidation (POX) of natural gas in reciprocating engines. The model was experimentally validated over a range of equivalence ratios from 1.3 to 1.6 with a spark-ignited single cylinder engine fueled by natural gas. The modeling results matched well with engine gaseous emission data over the experimental range. The model was also extended to higher equivalence ratios to predict H(2) and CO production at engine conditions and stoichiometries representative of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine operation. Secondly, over the same experimental range of equivalence ratios, particulate samples were taken to determine both total particulate mass production (g/hp h) via gravimetric measurement as well as particle size distribution and loading via a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). While experiments indicate hydrogen yields up to 11% using spark ignition (SI), modeling results indicate that greater than 20% H(2) yield may be possible in HCCI operation. Over the experimental range, rich-burn particulate matter (PM) production is no greater than that from typical lean-burn operation. Finally, an energy balance was performed over the range of engine experimental operation. 0 2005 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP McMillian, MH (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM mmcmil@netl.doe.gov NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD JUN PY 2006 VL 31 IS 7 BP 847 EP 860 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.08.013 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 043YQ UT WOS:000237639400006 ER PT J AU Koller, D Ediss, GA Mihaly, L Carr, GL AF Koller, Daniel Ediss, G. A. Mihaly, Laszlo Carr, G. L. TI Infrared measurements of possible IR filter materials SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES LA English DT Article DE IR and mm-wave filters; Goretex; Zitex; cryogenic receivers; Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy AB A Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTS) was used to obtain the transmission spectra of candidate materials for use as infrared (IR) filters in cryogenic receivers. The data cover the range from 50 cm(-1) (similar to 1.5 THz), well below the peak of the 300 K black body spectrum, to 5000 cm(-1) (similar to 150 THz). Z-cut quartz, Goretex, Zitex G and Zitex A, High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Teflon (PTFE), Fluorogold and Black Polyethylene were measured. The relative effectiveness of each material as a filter is determined by integrating the transmission spectrum multiplied by the Planck distribution to obtain a normalized attenuation for the mid-IR band. Measurements at both room temperature and 8 K are compared. C1 Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Koller, D (reprint author), Natl Radio Astron Observ, 1180 Boxwood Estate Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-9271 J9 INT J INFRARED MILLI JI Int. J. Infrared Millimeter Waves PD JUN PY 2006 VL 27 IS 6 BP 835 EP 846 DI 10.1007/s10762-006-9121-8 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 074VL UT WOS:000239839800004 ER PT J AU Bono, M Ni, J AF Bono, M Ni, J TI The location of the maximum temperature on the cutting edges of a drill SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MACHINE TOOLS & MANUFACTURE LA English DT Article DE drilling; metal cutting; temperature prediction; temperature measurement ID THERMAL PHENOMENA; DISTRIBUTIONS; MODEL AB This study analyzes the temperature profile along the cutting edges of a drill and describes how the temperature on the chisel edge can exceed the temperature on the primary cutting edges. A finite element model predicts the temperature distribution in the drill, where the heat flux loads applied to the finite element model are determined from analytical equations. The model for the heat flux loads considers both the heat generated on the shear plane and the heat generated on the rake face of the tool to determine the amount of heat flowing into the tool on each segment of the cutting edges. Contrary to the conventional belief that the maximum temperature occurs near the outer corner of the drill, the model predicts that the maximum temperature occurs on the chisel edge, which is consistent with experimental measurements of the temperature profile. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Bono, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bono1@llnl.gov NR 22 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0890-6955 J9 INT J MACH TOOL MANU JI Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 46 IS 7-8 BP 901 EP 907 DI 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2005.04.020 PG 7 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 042UY UT WOS:000237556700020 ER PT J AU Zuo, QH Addessio, FL Dienes, JK Lewis, MW AF Zuo, QH Addessio, FL Dienes, JK Lewis, MW TI A rate-dependent damage model for brittle materials based on the dominant crack SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE damage model; brittle materials; crack strains; distribution of microcracks; penny-shaped cracks; crack instability ID COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; SILICON-CARBIDE; BORON-CARBIDE; SHEAR CRACKS; FRAGMENTATION; BEHAVIOR; ROCK; STABILITY; FAILURE AB rate-dependent, continuum damage model is developed for brittle materials under dynamic loading. This model improves on the approach (ISOSCM) of [Addessio, F.L., Johnson, J.N., 1990. A constitutive model for the dynamic response of brittle materials. Journal of Applied Physics 67, 3275-3286] in several respects. (1) A new damage surface is found by applying the generalized Griffith instability criterion to the dominant crack (having the most unstable orientation), rather than by averaging the instability condition over all crack orientations as done previously. The new surface removes a discontinuity in the damage surface in ISOSCM when the pressure changes sign. (2) The strain due to crack opening is more consistent with crack mechanics, with only the tensile principal stresses contributing to the crack opening strain. This is achieved by incorporating a projection operator in the equation for the crack opening strain. One consequence of incorporating the projection operator is a prediction of shear dilatancy, which is not accounted for in ISOSCM. (3) The evolution of damage, which is based on the energy-release rate for the dominant crack, has a physical basis, whereas in the previous approach the damage growth rate was assumed to be an exponential function of the distance from the stress state to the damage surface without specific physical justification. An implicit algorithm has been developed so that a larger time step can be used than with the explicit algorithm used in ISOSCM. The numerical results of a silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic under several loading paths (hydrostatic tension/ compression, uniaxial strain, uniaxial stress, and shear) and strain rates are presented to illustrate the main features of the model. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zuo, QH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B216, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM zuo@lanl.gov NR 67 TC 21 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 43 IS 11-12 BP 3350 EP 3380 DI 10.1016/j.ijsoistr.2005.06.083 PG 31 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 040TE UT WOS:000237402500006 ER PT J AU Schraad, MW Harlow, FH AF Schraad, MW Harlow, FH TI A stochastic constitutive model for disordered cellular materials: Finite-strain uni-axial compression SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE microstructures; constitutive behavior; finite strain; foam material; probability and statistics ID LINEAR ELASTIC PROPERTIES; FOAM MECHANICS; IRREGULARITY; BEHAVIOR AB A stochastic constitutive model is developed for describing the continuum-scale mechanical response of disordered cellular materials. In the present work, attention is restricted to finite-strain uni-axial compression under quasi-static loading conditions. The development begins with an established cellular-scale mechanical model, but departs from traditional modeling approaches by generalizing the cellular-scale model to accommodate finite strain. The continuum-scale model is obtained by averaging the cellular-scale mechanical response over an ensemble of foam cells. Various stochastic material representations are considered through the use of probability density functions for the relevant material parameters, and the effects of the various representations on the continuum-scale response are investigated. Combining cellular-scale mechanics with a stochastic material representation to derive a continuum-scale constitutive model offers a promising new approach for simulating the finite-strain response of cellular materials. Results demonstrate that increasing a material's degree of polydispersity can produce the same stiffening effects as increasing the initial solid-volume fraction. Additionally, particular stochastic material representations are shown to provide upper and lower bounds on the mechanical response of the cellular materials under investigation, while suitable choices for the stochastic representation are shown to accurately reproduce experimental stress-strain data through the large deformations associated with densification. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Fluid Dynam Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schraad, MW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Fluid Dynam Grp, Mail Stop B216, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM schraad@lanl.gov NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 43 IS 11-12 BP 3542 EP 3568 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2005.05.018 PG 27 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 040TE UT WOS:000237402500016 ER PT J AU Idemoto, Y Takahashi, T Koura, N Loong, CK AF Idemoto, Y Takahashi, T Koura, N Loong, CK TI Crystal structure and ferroelectric properties of Si added SrBi2Ta2O9 SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS & REVIEW PAPERS LA English DT Article DE ferroelectric; crystal structure; bismuth silicate; neutron diffraction analysis; Bi layer compound ID BOND-VALENCE PARAMETERS; DISTORTION; FILMS AB We investigated a series of bulk, ceramic samples of Si-added bismuth la alloying SrBi2Ta2O9 with Bi2SiO5 or Bi4Si3O12 using a solid-state reaction method. X-ray and neutron powder diffraction were carried out to determine the crystal structures. Structural information is correlated with the measured data of the ferroelectric properties. We find that remanent polarization and coercive electric field increase with the addition of Bi2SiO5 or Bi4Si3O12 in SrBi2Ta2O9. The dielectric constants of SBTS increase markedly with increasing temperature. It is found that the ferroelectric behavior is related to the distortion and tilting of the TaO6 octahedron that are effected by variations in Bi and Si contents, respectively, in the SBTS samples. C1 Tokyo Univ Sci, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Pure & Appl Chem, Noda, Chiba 2788510, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulse Neutron Source Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Idemoto, Y (reprint author), Tokyo Univ Sci, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Pure & Appl Chem, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 2788510, Japan. EM idemoto@rs.noda.tus.ac.jp NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST PURE APPLIED PHYSICS PI TOKYO PA 5F YUSHIMA BLDG, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Brief Commun. Rev. Pap. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 45 IS 6A BP 5091 EP 5097 DI 10.1143/JJAP.45.5091 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 056CV UT WOS:000238499700043 ER PT J AU Sabau, AS Dinwiddie, RB AF Sabau, AS Dinwiddie, RB TI Numerical simulation of high-density plasma-arc processing of FePt nanoparticle films SO JOM LA English DT Article AB This papers deals with the high-density plasma-arc processing of FePt nanoparticle films. For short processing times, different materials, and multiple length scales of the system considered, the estimation of the optimum combination of process parameters is a difficult task. The process parameters can be obtained efficiently from a combined experimental and computational process analysis. The development of a computational methodology for plasma-arc processing is presented. Data on material properties are used to simplify the analytical model. An effective extinction coefficient was used to describe the absorption of the radiation into the nanofilm. Experimental data for the surface temperature of the FePt nanofilm were obtained by infrared measurements. Parameters needed for the energy transport model were identified based on measured temperature data. The model presented can be used to formulate process schedules for given time-temperature constraints. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM sabaua@orni.gov RI Sabau, Adrian/B-9571-2008; OI Sabau, Adrian/0000-0003-3088-6474; Dinwiddie, Ralph/0000-0003-1670-470X NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JUN PY 2006 VL 58 IS 6 BP 35 EP 38 DI 10.1007/s11837-006-0178-6 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 052AV UT WOS:000238203800014 ER PT J AU Cole, A Thompson, GB Harrell, JW Weston, J Ott, R AF Cole, A Thompson, GB Harrell, JW Weston, J Ott, R TI High-density plasma-arc heating studies of FePt thin films SO JOM LA English DT Article ID GROWTH TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; L1(0); MICROSTRUCTURE AB The effect of pulsed-thermal-processing with high-density plasma arc heating is discussed for 20 nm thick nanocrystalline FePt thinfilms. The dependence of the Al -> L1(0) phase transformation on pulsed time and radiant energy of the pulse is quantified through x-ray diffraction and alternating gradient magnetometry. For 100ms and 250ms pulse widths, the phase transformation was observed. Higher radiant energy densities resulted in a larger measured coercivity associated with the L1(0) phase. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Cole, A (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM gthompson@eng.ua.edu; ottr@ornl.gov NR 24 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JUN PY 2006 VL 58 IS 6 BP 39 EP 42 DI 10.1007/s11837-006-0179-5 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 052AV UT WOS:000238203800015 ER PT J AU Shi, S Kang, S Lawson, J Jia, Z Nikles, D Harrell, JW Ott, R Kadolkar, P AF Shi, Shifan Kang, Shishou Lawson, J. Jia, Zhiyong Nikles, D. Harrell, J. W. Ott, R. Kadolkar, P. TI Pulsed-thermal processing of chemically synthesized FePt nanoparticles SO JOM LA English DT Article AB The disordered face-centered-cubic A1 to the chemical ordered face-centered-tetragonal L1(0) phase transformation of chemically synthesized magnetic FePt nanoparticles has been studied in the millisecond regime using a pulsed high-density plasma arc light source. Under select annealing conditions, relatively high magnetic coercivities (Hc) and anisotropies (Hk) of FePt nanoparticles were obtained wth the millisecond pulse processing without significant sintering of the nanoparticles. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Univ Alabama, Ctr Mat Informat Technol, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Shi, S (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM ottr@ornl.gov RI Kang, Shishou/E-5042-2010; Jia, Zhiyong/B-2143-2010 OI Jia, Zhiyong/0000-0002-0116-7166 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JUN PY 2006 VL 58 IS 6 BP 43 EP 45 DI 10.1007/s11837-006-0180-z PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 052AV UT WOS:000238203800016 ER PT J AU Jin, ZQ Chakka, VM Wang, ZL Liu, JP Kadolkar, P Ott, RD AF Jin, ZQ Chakka, VM Wang, ZL Liu, JP Kadolkar, P Ott, RD TI The pulse-thermal processing of NdFeB-based nanocomposite magnets SO JOM LA English DT Article ID FILMS; COERCIVITY; POWDERS AB Pulse-thermal processing (PTP) based on high-density plasma arc lamp technology has been utilized to crystallize melt-spun NdFeB-based amorphous ribbons to form magnetic nanocomposites consisting of Nd2Fe14B and alpha-Fephases. After applying suitable pulses, the NdFeB-based ribbons were developed with hard magnetic properties. The highest coercivity can be obtained for ribbons with a thickness uf 40 mu m after PTP treatments consisting of a 400 A pulse for 0.25 s for ten times. The correlation between PTP parameters and magnetic properties indicates that PTP is an effective approach to control the structure and properties of nanostructured magnetic materials. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that the observed decoupling between the hard and the soft phases is related to large grain size in the samples, which is in turn related to different heating conditions in different regions of samples. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Proc Grp, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Jin, ZQ (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM jjin@arnoldmagnetics.com RI Wang, Zhong Lin/E-2176-2011 OI Wang, Zhong Lin/0000-0002-5530-0380 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JUN PY 2006 VL 58 IS 6 BP 46 EP 49 DI 10.1007/s11837-006-0181-y PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 052AV UT WOS:000238203800017 ER PT J AU Ji, CX Ladwig, PE Ott, RD Yang, Y Yang, JJ Chang, YA Linville, ES Gao, J Pant, BB AF Ji, CX Ladwig, PE Ott, RD Yang, Y Yang, JJ Chang, YA Linville, ES Gao, J Pant, BB TI An investigation of phase transformation behavior in sputter-deposited PtMn thin films SO JOM LA English DT Article ID BLOCKING TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION; GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; SPIN-VALVE STRUCTURES; CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; METALLIC GLASSES; THERMAL-ANALYSIS; ANTIFERROMAGNETS; MULTILAYERS AB Sputter-deposited, equiatomic PtMn thin films have application in giant magneto resistive spin valves, tunneling magnetoresistive spin valves, and magnetic random access memory. However the as-deposited films are found to be a disordered A1 phase in a paramagnetic state rather than an antiferromagnetic phase with L1(0) structure, which is needed for device operation. Therefore, a post-annealing step is required to induce the phase tran formation from the as deposited A1 face-centered-cubic phase to the antiferromagnetic L 10 phase. The A1 to L1(0) metastable transformation was studied by x-ray diffraction and differential-scanning calorimetry. An exothermic tran. formation enthalpy of -12.1 kJ/mol of atoms was determined. The tran, formation kinetics were simulated using the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami analysis. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Sci Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Adv Proc Dev Hutchinson Technol, Hutchinson, MN USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Proc Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. CompuTherm LLC, Madison, WI USA. Seagate Technol, Bloomington, MN USA. RP Ji, CX (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sci Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM chang@engr.wisc.edu RI Yang, Jianhua/B-3358-2010; OI yang, ying/0000-0001-6480-2254 NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JUN PY 2006 VL 58 IS 6 BP 50 EP 54 DI 10.1007/s11837-006-0182-x PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 052AV UT WOS:000238203800018 ER PT J AU Suh, JO Tu, KN Tamura, N AF Suh, JO Tu, KN Tamura, N TI A synchrotron radiation X-ray microdiffraction study on orientation relationships between a Cu6Sn5 and Cu substrate in solder joints SO JOM LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTION AB The orientation distribution of Cu6Sn5 scallops and its relationship with the orientation of copper substrate was studied using synchrotron-radiation-based micro-x-ray diffraction. Laue spots were obtained both from the Cu6Sn5 and copper at the same time. From the Laue patterns. orientation distribution maps of the Cu6Sn5 and copper were obtained. The orientation of the Cu6Sn5, scallops had a strong, dependence 017 that of copper The [001] direction of Cu6Sn5 is always parallel to the [110] of copper, and either the (I 10) or the (010) plane of Cu6Sn5 is parallel to the (001) plane of copper It was also found that the scallops of Cu6Sn5 gradually gain texture in the early stage of reflow but lose the texture after a long reflow. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Suh, JO (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM ejosuh@ucla.edu NR 11 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JUN PY 2006 VL 58 IS 6 BP 63 EP 66 DI 10.1007/s11837-006-0185-7 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 052AV UT WOS:000238203800021 ER PT J AU Moses, EI Miller, GH Kauffman, RL AF Moses, E. I. Miller, G. H. Kauffman, R. L. TI The ICF status and plans in the United States SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; POLAR DIRECT-DRIVE; LASER; FUSION; ENERGY; OMEGA AB The United States continues to maintain its leadership in ICF as it moves toward the goal of ignition. The flagship of the program is the National Ignition Facility (NIF) presently under construction at LLNL. Experiments had begun on the first four beams of the National Ignition Facility just at the time of the last IFSA Conference. Several new successful campaigns have been conducted since then in planar hydrodynamics and hohlraums as well as activating the VISAR diagnostic for equation of state experiments. Highlights of these results will be reviewed. Presently, the four beam experimental capability has been suspended while the first eight beams are being installed as the first step in building out the project. Meanwhile, much progress has been made in developing ignition designs for using NIF. An array of designs having several ablator materials have been shown computationally to ignite with energies ranging from the design energy to as low as 1 MJ of laser energy. Alternative direct drive designs in the NIF indirect drive configuration have been developed by LLE. This wide array of design choices has increased the chance of achieving ignition sooner on the facility. Plans are now being developed to begin an ignition experimental campaign on NIF in 2010, a little over a year after completion of the facility. Other US facilities are also implementing improved capabilities. Petawatt lasers are now under construction at the University of Rochester and Sandia National Laboratory. The Z pulsed power machine at Sandia National Laboratory is being refurbished to improve its performance. The ongoing research program at the OMEGA laser at the University of Rochester and the Z machine at Sandia National Laboratory as well as at the Nike, Trident and Janus lasers remain strong, performing experiments supporting the NIF ignition plan and direct drive ignition. There also is an active program in the broader field of high energy density science on these facilities. These activities will be reviewed here as well as presented in talks throughout the conference. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Moses, EI (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808 L-466, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM moses1@llnl.gov; miller21@llnl.gov NR 20 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 9 EP 16 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133003 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900003 ER PT J AU Landen, OL Glenzer, S Froula, D Dewald, E Suter, LJ Schneider, M Hinkel, D Fernandez, J Kline, J Goldman, S Braun, D Celliers, P Moon, S Robey, H Lanier, N Glendinning, G Blue, B Wilde, B Jones, O Schein, J Divol, L Kalantar, D Campbell, K Holder, J McDonald, J Niemann, C Mackinnon, A Collins, R Bradley, D Eggert, J Hicks, D Gregori, G Kirkwood, R Niemann, C Young, B Foster, J Hansen, F Perry, T Munro, D Baldis, H Grim, G Heeter, R Hegelich, B Montgomery, D Rochau, G Olson, R Turner, R Workman, J Berger, R Cohen, B Kruer, W Langdon, B Langer, S Meezan, N Rose, H Still, B Williams, E Dodd, E Edwards, J Monteil, MC Stevenson, M Thomas, B Coker, R Magelssen, G Rosen, P Stry, P Woods, D Weber, S Alvarez, S Armstrong, G Bahr, R Bourgade, JL Bower, D Celeste, J Chrisp, M Compton, S Cox, J Constantin, C Costa, R Duncan, J Ellis, A Emig, J Gautier, C Greenwood, A Griffith, R Holdner, F Holtmeier, G Hargrove, D James, T Kamperschroer, J Kimbrough, J Landon, M Lee, D Malone, R May, M Montelongo, S Moody, J Ng, E Nikitin, A Pellinen, D Piston, K Poole, M Rekow, V Rhodes, M Shepherd, R Shiromizu, S Voloshin, D Warrick, A Watts, P Weber, F Young, P Arnold, P Atherton, L Bardsley, G Bonanno, R Borger, T Bowers, M Bryant, R Buckman, S Burkhart, S Cooper, F Dixit, S Erbert, G Eder, D Ehrlich, B Felker, B Fornes, J Frieders, G Gardner, S Gates, C Gonzalez, M Grace, S Hall, T Haynam, C Heestand, G Henesian, M Hermann, M Hermes, G Huber, S Jancaitis, K Johnson, S Kauffman, B Kelleher, T Kohut, T Koniges, AE Labiak, T Latray, D Lee, A Lund, D Mahavandi, S Manes, KR Marshall, C McBride, J McCarville, T McGrew, L Menapace, J Mertens, E Munro, D Murray, J Neumann, J Newton, M Opsahl, P Padilla, E Parham, T Parrish, G Petty, C Polk, M Powell, C Reinbachs, I Rinnert, R Riordan, B Ross, G Robert, V Tobin, M Sailors, S Saunders, R Schmitt, M Shaw, M Singh, M Spaeth, M Stephens, A Tietbohl, G Tuck, J Van Wonterghem, B Vidal, R Wegner, P Whitman, P Williams, K Winward, K Work, K Wallace, R Nobile, A Bono, M Day, B Elliott, J Hatch, D Louis, H Manzenares, R O'Brien, D Papin, P Pierce, T Rivera, G Ruppe, J Sandoval, D Schmidt, D Valdez, L Zapata, K MacGowan, B Eckart, M Hsing, W Springer, P Hammel, B Moses, E Miller, G AF Landen, O. L. Glenzer, S. Froula, D. Dewald, E. Suter, L. J. Schneider, M. Hinkel, D. Fernandez, J. Kline, J. Goldman, S. Braun, D. Celliers, P. Moon, S. Robey, H. Lanier, N. Glendinning, G. Blue, B. Wilde, B. Jones, O. Schein, J. Divol, L. Kalantar, D. Campbell, K. Holder, J. McDonald, J. Niemann, C. Mackinnon, A. Collins, R. Bradley, D. Eggert, J. Hicks, D. Gregori, G. Kirkwood, R. Niemann, C. Young, B. Foster, J. Hansen, F. Perry, T. Munro, D. Baldis, H. Grim, G. Heeter, R. Hegelich, B. Montgomery, D. Rochau, G. Olson, R. Turner, R. Workman, J. Berger, R. Cohen, B. Kruer, W. Langdon, B. Langer, S. Meezan, N. Rose, H. Still, B. Williams, E. Dodd, E. Edwards, J. Monteil, M. -C. Stevenson, M. Thomas, B. Coker, R. Magelssen, G. Rosen, P. Stry, P. Woods, D. Weber, S. Alvarez, S. Armstrong, G. Bahr, R. Bourgade, J. -L. Bower, D. Celeste, J. Chrisp, M. Compton, S. Cox, J. Constantin, C. Costa, R. Duncan, J. Ellis, A. Emig, J. Gautier, C. Greenwood, A. Griffith, R. Holdner, F. Holtmeier, G. Hargrove, D. James, T. Kamperschroer, J. Kimbrough, J. Landon, M. Lee, D. Malone, R. May, M. Montelongo, S. Moody, J. Ng, E. Nikitin, A. Pellinen, D. Piston, K. Poole, M. Rekow, V. Rhodes, M. Shepherd, R. Shiromizu, S. Voloshin, D. Warrick, A. Watts, P. Weber, F. Young, P. Arnold, P. Atherton, L. Bardsley, G. Bonanno, R. Borger, T. Bowers, M. Bryant, R. Buckman, S. Burkhart, S. Cooper, F. Dixit, S. Erbert, G. Eder, D. Ehrlich, B. Felker, B. Fornes, J. Frieders, G. Gardner, S. Gates, C. Gonzalez, M. Grace, S. Hall, T. Haynam, C. Heestand, G. Henesian, M. Hermann, M. Hermes, G. Huber, S. Jancaitis, K. Johnson, S. Kauffman, B. Kelleher, T. Kohut, T. Koniges, A. E. Labiak, T. Latray, D. Lee, A. Lund, D. Mahavandi, S. Manes, K. R. Marshall, C. McBride, J. McCarville, T. McGrew, L. Menapace, J. Mertens, E. Munro, D. Murray, J. Neumann, J. Newton, M. Opsahl, P. Padilla, E. Parham, T. Parrish, G. Petty, C. Polk, M. Powell, C. Reinbachs, I. Rinnert, R. Riordan, B. Ross, G. Robert, V. Tobin, M. Sailors, S. Saunders, R. Schmitt, M. Shaw, M. Singh, M. Spaeth, M. Stephens, A. Tietbohl, G. Tuck, J. Van Wonterghem, B. Vidal, R. Wegner, P. Whitman, P. Williams, K. Winward, K. Work, K. Wallace, R. Nobile, A. Bono, M. Day, B. Elliott, J. Hatch, D. Louis, H. Manzenares, R. O'Brien, D. Papin, P. Pierce, T. Rivera, G. Ruppe, J. Sandoval, D. Schmidt, D. Valdez, L. Zapata, K. MacGowan, B. Eckart, M. Hsing, W. Springer, P. Hammel, B. Moses, E. Miller, G. TI The first experiments on the national ignition facility SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom AB A first set of shock propagation, laser-plasma interaction, hohlraum energetics and hydrodynamic experiments have been performed using the first 4 beams of the National Ignition Facility (NIF), in support of indirect drive Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) and High Energy Density Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Atom Weapons Estab, Chilton, England. Bechtel Nevada, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Commiss Atom Energy, Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Landen, OL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM landen1@llnl.gov; froula1@llnl.gov; suter1@llnl.gov; schneider5@llnl.gov; hinkel1@llnl.gov; juanc@lanl.gov; jkline@lanl.gov; srg@lanl.gov; robey1@llnl.gov; blue3@llnl.gov; mcdonald6@llnl.gov; niemann1@llnl.gov; niemann1@llnl.gov; habaldis@ucdavis.edu; gpgrim@lanl.gov; hegelich@lanl.gov; montgomery@lanl.gov; reolson@sandia.gov; turner12@llnl.gov; meezan1@llnl.gov; edwards39@llnl.gov; marie-christine.monteil@cea.fr; paula.rosen@awe.co.uk; moody4@llnl.gov; dixit1@llnl.gov; deder@llnl.gov; haynam1@llnl.gov; herrmann3@llnl.gov; koniges@llnl.gov; anobile@lanl.gov; macgowan@llnl.gov; moses1@llnl.gov; miller21@llnl.gov RI Fernandez, Juan/H-3268-2011; Hicks, Damien/B-5042-2015; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; Perry, Theodore/K-3333-2014; OI Fernandez, Juan/0000-0002-1438-1815; Hicks, Damien/0000-0001-8322-9983; MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; Perry, Theodore/0000-0002-8832-2033; Kline, John/0000-0002-2271-9919 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 43 EP 45 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133009 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900009 ER PT J AU Moses, EI Bonanno, RE Haynam, CA Kauffman, RL MacGowan, BJ Patterson, RW Sawicki, RH Van Wonterghem, BM AF Moses, E. I. Bonanno, R. E. Haynam, C. A. Kauffman, R. L. MacGowan, B. J. Patterson, R. W., Jr. Sawicki, R. H. Van Wonterghem, B. M. TI The national ignition facility: Path to ignition in the laboratory SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Moses, EI (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM moses1@llnl.gov; haynam1@llnl.gov; macgowan@llnl.gov NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 57 EP 57 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133012 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900012 ER PT J AU Freeman, RR Akli, K Beg, F Betti, R Chen, S Clark, DJ Gu, PM Gregori, G Hatchett, SP Hey, D Highbarger, K Hill, JM Izumi, N Key, M King, JA Koch, JA Lasinki, B Langdon, B MacKinnon, AJ Meyerhofer, D Patel, N Patel, P Pasley, J Park, HS Ren, C Snavely, RA Stephens, RB Stoeckl, C Tabak, M Town, R Van Woerkom, L Weber, R Wilks, SC Zhang, BB AF Freeman, R. R. Akli, K. Beg, F. Betti, R. Chen, S. Clark, D. J. Gu, P. M. Gregori, G. Hatchett, S. P. Hey, D. Highbarger, K. Hill, J. M. Izumi, N. Key, M. King, J. A. Koch, J. A. Lasinki, B. Langdon, B. MacKinnon, A. J. Meyerhofer, D. Patel, N. Patel, P. Pasley, J. Park, H. S. Ren, C. Snavely, R. A. Stephens, R. B. Stoeckl, C. Tabak, M. Town, R. Van Woerkom, L. Weber, R. Wilks, S. C. Zhang, B. B. TI Overview of recent progress in US fast ignition research SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom AB The Fast Ignition Program in the United States has enjoyed increased funding in various forms from the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the Department of Energy. The program encompasses experiments on large laser facilities at various world-wide locations, and benefits enormously from collaborations with many international scientists. The program includes exploratory work in cone-target design and implosion dynamics, high electron current transport measurements in normal density materials, development of diagnostics for heating measurements, generation of protons from shaped targets, theoretical work on high gain target designs, and extensive modeling development using PIC and hybrid codes. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Gen Atom Corp, San Diego, CA USA. RP Freeman, RR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM freeman@mps.ohio-state.edu; fbeg@ucsd.edu; betti@lle.rochester.edu; clark90@llnl.gov; hey2@llnl.gov; izumi2@llnl.gov; key1@LLNL.GOV; park1@llnl.gov; rasnavely@llnl.gov; rich.stephens@gat.com; tabak1@llnl.gov; town2@llnl.gov; wilks1@llnl.gov RI Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016; Brennan, Patricia/N-3922-2015 OI Stephens, Richard/0000-0002-7034-6141; MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X; NR 2 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 5 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 95 EP 100 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133018 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900018 ER PT J AU Tabak, M AF Tabak, M. TI On the path to fusion energy SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Tabak, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mail Stop L-015, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM tabak1@llnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 103 EP 104 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133020 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900020 ER PT J AU Blue, BE Weber, SV Woods, DT Bono, M Dixit, SN Foster, JM Glendinning, SG Haynam, CA Holder, JP Hsing, WW Kalantar, DH Lanier, NE MacGowan, BJ Moses, EI Nikitin, AJ Perry, TS Rekow, VV Rosen, PA Stry, PE Van Wonterghem, BM Wallace, R Wilde, BH Robey, HF AF Blue, B. E. Weber, S. V. Woods, D. T. Bono, M. J. Dixit, S. N. Foster, J. M. Glendinning, S. G. Haynam, C. A. Holder, J. P. Hsing, W. W. Kalantar, D. H. Lanier, N. E. MacGowan, B. J. Moses, E. I. Nikitin, A. J. Perry, T. S. Rekow, V. V. Rosen, P. A. Stry, P. E. Van Wonterghem, B. M. Wallace, R. Wilde, B. H. Robey, H. F. TI Mass distribution of hydrodynamic jets produced on the national ignition facility SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT AB The production of supersonic jets of material via the interaction of a strong shock wave with a spatially localized density perturbation is a common feature of inertial confinement fusion and astrophysics. The spatial structure and mass evolution of supersonic jets has previously been investigated in detail [J. M. Foster et. at, Phys. Plasmas 9, 2251 (2002) and B. E. Blue et. at, Phys. Plasmas 12, 056312 (2005)]. In this paper, the results from the first series of hydrodynamic experiments will be presented in which the mass distribution within the jet was quantified. In these experiments, two of the first four beams of NIF are used to drive a 40 Mbar shock wave into millimeter scale aluminum targets backed by 100mg/cc carbon aerogel foam. The remaining beams are delayed in time and are used to provide a point-projection x-ray backlighter source for diagnosing the structure of the jet. Comparisons between data and simulations using several codes are presented. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. AWE Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Blue, BE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM blue3@llnl.gov; dixit1@llnl.gov; haynam1@llnl.gov; macgowan@llnl.gov; moses1@llnl.gov; paula.rosen@awe.co.uk; robey1@llnl.gov RI Perry, Theodore/K-3333-2014 OI Perry, Theodore/0000-0002-8832-2033 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 107 EP 110 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133021 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900021 ER PT J AU Clark, DS Tabak, M AF Clark, D. S. Tabak, M. TI Multimode Rayleigh-Taylor growth at strongly convergent spherical interfaces SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom ID INSTABILITY; FUSION; SHELLS AB Recently, attention has focused on the effects of spherical convergence on the nonlinear phase of Rayleigh-Taylor growth. In particular, for instability growth on spherically converging interfaces, modifications to the predictions of the Layzer model for the secular growth of a single, nonlinear mode have been reported. On the other hand, applications of interest involve surface perturbations which include the superposition of many unstable modes growing simultaneously. Such weakly nonlinear, multimode growth has previously been studied in the context of the well-known Haan model. Here, we combine the most recent results for enhanced nonlinear single mode growth on spherical interfaces with the Haan model formulation for multimode growth. Remarkably, the multimode results are found not to be substantially modified by including the effects of convergence. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Clark, DS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM clark90@llnl.gov; tabak1@llnl.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 117 EP 121 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133023 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900023 ER PT J AU Goldman, SR Fernandez, JC Hoffman, NM Kline, JL Workman, JB Rose, HA Dodd, ES Grondalski, JP Pollak, GD Schmitt, MJ Powers, WJ Braun, DG Hinkel, DE Holder, JP Suter, LJ AF Goldman, S. R. Fernandez, J. C. Hoffman, N. M. Kline, J. L. Workman, J. B. Rose, H. A. Dodd, E. S. Grondalski, J. P. Pollak, G. D. Schmitt, M. J. Powers, W. J. Braun, D. G. Hinkel, D. E. Holder, J. P. Suter, L. J. TI Radiation hydrodynamics with backscatter and beam spray in gas filled hohlraum experiments at the National Ignition Facility SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom AB Several experiments using either CO, or propane gas filled halfraums [i.e. hohlraums with a single laser entry hole (LEH)] have been shot at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) in a joint Los Alamos/Livermore collaboration. The experiments have been modeled by the Lasnex code. The possibility of beam spray due to filamentation of the incident laser beam is assessed through simulations which parametrically decrease the f-number of the beam at times of high intensity. The uncertainty in heat transport is evaluated through parametric variations in the electron thermal flux limit (fe). Each calculation in the resulting two parameter set is post-processed to simulate outputs which can be compared with Dante detector results for the soft X-ray flux through the LEH, and gated, framed images of hard X-rays (FXI) through the hohlraum side walls. Simulations which well match the data for both gases indicate that the laser energy is penetrating the gas filled hohraum even towards the end of the pulse. This suggests that the gas fill is useful in keeping the hohlraum open to laser energy throughout the pulse. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Goldman, SR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM srg@lanl.gov; juanc@lanl.gov; jkline@lanl.gov; hinkel1@llnl.gov; suter1@llnl.gov RI Fernandez, Juan/H-3268-2011; OI Fernandez, Juan/0000-0002-1438-1815; Schmitt, Mark/0000-0002-0197-9180; Kline, John/0000-0002-2271-9919 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 129 EP 133 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133025 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900025 ER PT J AU Peterson, RR Peterson, DL Watt, RG Idzorek, G Lopez, M AF Peterson, R. R. Peterson, D. L. Watt, R. G. Idzorek, G. Lopez, M. TI Blast wave radiation source measurement experiments on Z SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom ID DRIVEN AB The Dynamic Hohlraum (DH) radiation on the Z facility at Sandia National Laboratories is a bright source of radiant energy that has proven useful for High Energy Density (HED) physics experiments. To be useful for HED experiments, where computer simulations need to be compared with experimental measurements, the radiation output from a DH on Z needs to be well-known. We present in this paper a new method for measuring the delivered radiation energy deposited in an experiment, specifically, an experiment driven by a Z DH. This technique uses a blast wave produced in a SiO2 foam, which is initially super-sonic but transitions to sub-sonic, producing a shock at the transition point that is observable via radiography. The position of this shock is a sensitive measure of the radiation drive energy from the Z DH. Computer simulations of been used to design and analyze a Z foam blast wave experiment. This experiment has been shot on Z and experimental results compare favorably with the computations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Peterson, RR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, X-1,MS B259,Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rrpeter@lanl.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 141 EP 145 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133027 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900027 ER PT J AU Kyrala, GA Gunderson, MA Delamater, ND Haynes, DA Wilson, DC Guzik, JA Klare, KA AF Kyrala, G. A. Gunderson, M. A. Delamater, N. D. Haynes, D. A. Wilson, D. C. Guzik, J. A. Klare, K. A. TI Detailed diagnosis of double shell collision using X-ray radiography under realistic implosion conditions SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; POLAR DIRECT-DRIVE; DESIGN; CAPSULES; TARGETS; OMEGA AB In this work we will present the first measurement of the time history of a collision of two shells in a double shell capsule. Double shell implosions provide a non-cryogenic path to inertial confinement fusion [ICF]. In the double shell target the laser energy is absorbed in an outer shell that is accelerated inward which then, after the laser is off, collides with an inner shell. The inner shell then implodes against the deuterium fuel. We use radiography to diagnose the symmetry and the hydrodynamics of the implosion. At the OMEGA laser at LLE, we point 40 beams in an offset geometry to implode the doube shell target and use the remaining 20 beams to perform radiography from two different directions. This is the first measurement of such a collision in a spherical geometry and is of great interest to the verification of the code we used. In this work we will present the first measurement of the time history of a collision of two spherical shells in a double shell capsule. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Kyrala, GA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E-526, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM Kyrala@lanl.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 147 EP 151 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133028 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900028 ER PT J AU Olson, RE Leeper, RJ Rochau, GA Bradley, DK Celliers, PM Boehly, TR AF Olson, R. E. Leeper, R. J. Rochau, G. A. Bradley, D. K. Celliers, P. M. Boehly, T. R. TI Hohlraum X-ray deposition in indirect-drive ICF ablator materials SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom ID SHOCK PROPAGATION; FACILITY; PREHEAT; OMEGA AB Accurate measurements of shock timing and ablator x-ray burnthrough will be essential for the successful ignition of an indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF) capsule. In previous work [1], measurements of ablator shock velocities, shock temperatures, and preheat temperatures were made using a 280 nm Streaked Optical Pyrometer (SOP) [2]. The x-ray fluxes were supplied by hohlraums driven by the University of Rochester Omega Laser [3]. More recent ablator experiments at Omega have extended the previous work by using an absolutely calibrated 600-800 nm SOP [4] together with a line-imaging velocity interferometer [5] similar to the diagnostic proposed for accurate National Ignition Facility (NIF) ignition shock timing measurements [6]. Important new information has been obtained relating to ablator surface movement prior to shock breakout, ablator preheat temperature, and preheat effects on the anvil and window components of the shock timing diagnostic system. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Diagnost & Target Phys Dept 1677, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY USA. RP Olson, RE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Diagnost & Target Phys Dept 1677, POB 5800,MS1196, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM reolson@sandia.gov NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 179 EP 181 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133035 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900035 ER PT J AU Hinkel, DE Schneider, MB Young, BK Holder, JP Langdon, AB Baldis, HA Bonanno, G Bower, DE Bruns, HC Campbell, KM Celeste, JR Compton, S Costa, RL Dewald, EL Dixit, SN Eckart, MJ Eder, DC Edwards, MJ Ellis, AD Emig, JA Froula, DH Glenzer, SH Hargrove, D Haynam, CA Heeter, RF Henesian, MA Holtmeier, G James, DL Jancaitis, KS Kalantar, DH Kamperschroer, JH Kauffman, RL Kimbrough, J Kirkwood, RK Koniges, AE Landen, OL Landon, M Lee, FD MacGowan, BJ Mackinnon, AJ Manes, KR Marshall, C May, MJ McDonald, JW Menapace, J Moses, SEI Munro, DH Murray, JR Niemann, C Pellinen, D Power, GD Rekow, V Ruppe, JA Schein, J Shepherd, R Singh, MS Springer, PT Still, CH Suter, LJ Tietbohl, GL Turner, RE VanWonterghem, BM Wallace, RJ Warrick, A Watts, P Weber, F Wegner, PJ Williams, EA Young, PE AF Hinkel, D. E. Schneider, M. B. Young, B. K. Holder, J. P. Langdon, A. B. Baldis, H. A. Bonanno, G. Bower, D. E. Bruns, H. C. Campbell, K. M. Celeste, J. R. Compton, S. Costa, R. L. Dewald, E. L. Dixit, S. N. Eckart, M. J. Eder, D. C. Edwards, M. J. Ellis, A. D. Emig, J. A. Froula, D. H. Glenzer, S. H. Hargrove, D. Haynam, C. A. Heeter, R. F. Henesian, M. A. Holtmeier, G. James, D. L. Jancaitis, K. S. Kalantar, D. H. Kamperschroer, J. H. Kauffman, R. L. Kimbrough, J. Kirkwood, R. K. Koniges, A. E. Landen, O. L. Landon, M. Lee, F. D. MacGowan, B. J. Mackinnon, A. J. Manes, K. R. Marshall, C. May, M. J. McDonald, J. W. Menapace, J. Moses, S. E. I. Munro, D. H. Murray, J. R. Niemann, C. Pellinen, D. Power, G. D. Rekow, V. Ruppe, J. A. Schein, J. Shepherd, R. Singh, M. S. Springer, P. T. Still, C. H. Suter, L. J. Tietbohl, G. L. Turner, R. E. VanWonterghem, B. M. Wallace, R. J. Warrick, A. Watts, P. Weber, F. Wegner, P. J. Williams, E. A. Young, P. E. TI Laser coupling to reduced-scale targets at NIF early light SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; SYSTEM AB Deposition of maximum laser energy into a small, high-Z enclosure in a short laser pulse creates a hot environment. Such targets were recently included in an experimental campaign using the first four of the 192 beams of the National Ignition Facility [J. A. Paisner, E. M. Campbell, and W. J. Hogan, Fusion Technology 26, 755 (1994)], under construction at the University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. These targets demonstrate good laser coupling, reaching a radiation temperature of 340 eV. In addition, the Raman backscatter spectrum contains features consistent with Brillouin backscatter of Raman forward scatter [A. B. Langdon and D. E. Hinkel, Physical Review Letters 89, 015003 (2002)]. Also, NIF Early Light diagnostics indicate that 20% of the direct backscatter from these reduced-scale targets is in the polarization orthogonal to that of the incident light. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Bechtel Nevada Corp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hinkel, DE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014 OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 237 EP 241 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133048 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900048 ER PT J AU Constantin, CG Baldis, HA Schneider, MB Hinkel, DE Langdon, AB Seka, W Bahr, R Depierreux, S AF Constantin, C. G. Baldis, H. A. Schneider, M. B. Hinkel, D. E. Langdon, A. B. Seka, W. Bahr, R. Depierreux, S. TI Laser-plasma interactions in high-energy density plasmas SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom AB Laser-plasma interactions (LPI) have been studied experimentally in high-temperature, high-energy density plasmas. The studies have been performed using the Omega laser at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE), Rochester, NY. Up to 10 TW of power was incident upon reduced-scale hohlraums, distributed in three laser beam cones. The hot hohlraums fill quickly with plasma. Late in the laser pulse, most of the laser energy is deposited at the laser entrance hole, where most of the LPI takes place. Due to the high electron temperature, the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) spectrum extends well beyond omega(0)/2, due to the Bohm-Gross shift. This high-temperature, high-energy density regime provides a unique opportunity to study LPI beyond inertial confinement fusion (ICF) conditions. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Constantin, CG (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 243 EP 246 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133049 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900049 ER PT J AU Albright, BJ Daughton, W Yin, L Bowers, KJ Kline, JL Montgomery, DS Fernandez, JC AF Albright, B. J. Daughton, W. Yin, L. Bowers, K. J. Kline, J. L. Montgomery, D. S. Fernandez, J. C. TI Particle-in-cell studies of laser-driven hot spots and a statistical model for mesoscopic properties of Raman backscatter SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom AB The authors use explicit particle-in-cell Simulations to model stimulated scattering processes in media with both solitary and multiple laser hot spots. These simulations indicate coupling among hot spots, whereby scattered light, plasma waves, and hot electrons generated in one laser hot spot may propagate to neighboring hot spots, which can be destabilized to enhanced backscatter. A nonlinear statistical model of a stochastic beam exhibiting this coupled behavior is described here. Calibration of the model using particle-in-cell simulations is performed, and a threshold is derived. for "detonation" of the beam to high reflectivity. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Albright, BJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Fernandez, Juan/H-3268-2011; Daughton, William/L-9661-2013; OI Fernandez, Juan/0000-0002-1438-1815; Albright, Brian/0000-0002-7789-6525; Yin, Lin/0000-0002-8978-5320; Kline, John/0000-0002-2271-9919 NR 6 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 253 EP 257 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133051 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900051 ER PT J AU McAlpin, SW Stevenson, RM Thomas, BR Kline, J Batha, S AF McAlpin, S. W. Stevenson, R. M. Thomas, B. R. Kline, J. Batha, S. TI Assessing plasma filling in NIF cluster geometry SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom ID TARGETS AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF), currently under construction at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) comprises four clusters of 48 laser beams in a symmetric geometry. Each cluster is itself capable of producing potentially useful conditions for hohlraum interaction experiments. The three dimensional nature of the laser illumination geometry in each cluster presents a challenge when modelled with a 2D hydrocode. Recent experiments have been fielded on the OMEGA laser facility to investigate the validity of using such codes in modelling the plasma filling of targets in similar geometries to a NIF cluster. The extent to which plasma filling within hohlraum type targets is a significant issue can potentially be addressed by the observation of laser plasma instabilities, such as Raman backscatter. This can be a significant energy loss mechanism for targets that have electron densities up to quarter critical. Linear Raman gain theory has been applied to the output from AWE's 2D lagrangian radiation hydrodynamics code, NYM, to produce qualitative and quantitative comparisons with these experiments. This provides a basis for judging the fidelity of the approach. C1 AWE Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McAlpin, SW (reprint author), AWE Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. EM stuart.mcalpin@awe.co.uk; jkline@lanl.gov; sbatha@lanl.gov OI Kline, John/0000-0002-2271-9919 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 309 EP 311 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133061 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900061 ER PT J AU McDonald, JW Suter, LJ Landen, OL Foster, JM Celeste, JR Holder, JP Dewald, EL Schneider, MB Hinkel, DE Kauffman, RL Atherton, LJ Bonanno, RE Dixit, SN Eder, DC Haynam, CA Kalantar, DH Koniges, AE Lee, FD MacGowan, BJ Manes, KR Munro, DH Murray, JR Shaw, MJ Stevenson, RM Parham, TG Van Wonterghem, BM Wallace, RJ Wegner, PJ Whitman, PK Young, BK Hammel, BA Moses, EI AF McDonald, J. W. Suter, L. J. Landen, O. L. Foster, J. M. Celeste, J. R. Holder, J. P. Dewald, E. L. Schneider, M. B. Hinkel, D. E. Kauffman, R. L. Atherton, L. J. Bonanno, R. E. Dixit, S. N. Eder, D. C. Haynam, C. A. Kalantar, D. H. Koniges, A. E. Lee, F. D. MacGowan, B. J. Manes, K. R. Munro, D. H. Murray, J. R. Shaw, M. J. Stevenson, R. M. Parham, T. G. Van Wonterghem, B. M. Wallace, R. J. Wegner, P. J. Whitman, P. K. Young, B. K. Hammel, B. A. Moses, E. I. TI Hard X-ray and hot electron environment in vacuum hohlraums at NIF SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; SYSTEM AB yTime resolved hard x-ray images (hv > 9 keV) and time integrated hard x-ray spectra (hv = 18-150 keV) from vacuum hohlraums irradiated with four 351 nm wavelength NIF laser beams are presented as a function of hohlraum size and laser power and duration. The hard x-ray images and spectra provide insight into the time evolution of the hohlraum plasma filling and the production of hot electrons. The fraction of laser energy detected as hot electrons (f(hot)) shows correlation with both laser intensity and with an analytic plasma filling model. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP McDonald, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM mcdonald6@llnl.gov; suter1@llnl.gov; landen1@llnl.gov; schneider5@llnl.gov; hinkell@llnl.gov; dixit1@llnl.gov; deder@llnl.gov; haynam1@llnl.gov; koniges@llnl.gov; macgowan@llnl.gov; moses1@llnl.gov RI Whitman, Pamela/B-2336-2013 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 313 EP 315 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133062 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900062 ER PT J AU Moody, JD Divol, L Glenzer, SH MacKinnon, AJ Froula, DH Gregori, G Kruer, WL Meezan, NB Suter, LJ Williams, EA Bahr, R Seka, W AF Moody, J. D. Divol, L. Glenzer, S. H. MacKinnon, A. J. Froula, D. H. Gregori, G. Kruer, W. L. Meezan, N. B. Suter, L. J. Williams, E. A. Bahr, R. Seka, W. TI Efficient coupling of 527 nm laser beam power to a long scalelength plasma SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom ID NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY; TARGETS AB We experimentally demonstrate that application of laser smoothing schemes including smoothing by spectral dispersion (SSD) and polarization smoothing (PS) increases the intensity range for efficient coupling of frequency doubled (527 nm) laser light to a long scalelength plasma with n(e)/n(cr) = 0.14 and T-e = 2 keV. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY USA. RP Moody, JD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM moody4@llnl.gov; froula1@llnl.gov; meezan1@llnl.gov; suter1@llnl.gov; seka@lle.rochester.edu RI MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014 OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 321 EP 324 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133064 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900064 ER PT J AU Yin, L Daughton, W Albright, BJ Bowers, KJ Kline, JL Montgomery, DS Fernandez, JC AF Yin, L. Daughton, W. Albright, B. J. Bowers, K. J. Kline, J. L. Montgomery, D. S. Fernandez, J. C. TI Effects of ion composition on backward stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering in a laser-driven hot spot SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom ID PARAMETRIC-INSTABILITIES; PLASMAS C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Yin, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lyin@lanl.gov; balbright@lanl.gov; jkline@lanl.gov; montgomery@lanl.gov; juanc@lanl.gov RI Fernandez, Juan/H-3268-2011; Daughton, William/L-9661-2013; OI Fernandez, Juan/0000-0002-1438-1815; Albright, Brian/0000-0002-7789-6525; Yin, Lin/0000-0002-8978-5320; Kline, John/0000-0002-2271-9919 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 335 EP 337 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133067 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900067 ER PT J AU Stephens, RB Snavely, RPJ Aglitskii, Y Akli, KU Amiranoff, F Andersen, C Batani, D Baton, SD Cowan, T Freeman, RR Green, JS Habara, H Hall, T Hatchett, SP Hey, DS Hill, JM Kaae, JL Key, MH King, JA Koch, JA Kodama, R Koenig, M Krushelnick, K Lancaster, KL MacKinnon, AJ Martinolli, E Murphy, CD Nakatsutsumi, M Norreys, P Perelli-Cippo, E Le Gloahec, MR Remington, B Rousseaux, C Santos, JJ Scianitti, F Stoeckl, C Tabak, M Tanaka, KA Theobald, W Town, R Yabuuchi, T Zhang, B AF Stephens, R. B. Snavely, R. P. J. Aglitskii, Y. Akli, K. U. Amiranoff, F. Andersen, C. Batani, D. Baton, S. D. Cowan, T. Freeman, R. R. Green, J. S. Habara, H. Hall, T. Hatchett, S. P. Hey, D. S. Hill, J. M. Kaae, J. L. Key, M. H. King, J. A. Koch, J. A. Kodama, R. Koenig, M. Krushelnick, K. Lancaster, K. L. MacKinnon, A. J. Martinolli, E. Murphy, C. D. Nakatsutsumi, M. Norreys, P. Perelli-Cippo, E. Le Gloahec, M. Rabec Remington, B. Rousseaux, C. Santos, J. J. Scianitti, F. Stoeckl, C. Tabak, M. Tanaka, K. A. Theobald, W. Town, R. Yabuuchi, T. Zhang, B. TI High energy electron transport in solids SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom ID FAST IGNITER; FUSION AB With the addition of recent PW shots, the propagation of short-pulse laser generated electron beams have been studied using laser pulse energies from 30J to 300J, generating currents up to similar to 15MA in solid Al:Cu targets. This is similar to 5% of the current that will be required in an ignition pulse. To this level, the current appears to simply scale with laser power, the propagation spread not change at all. The resistance of the aluminum does not seem to play a role in the propagation characteristics, though it might in setting the current starting parameters. We do find that at the highest currents parts of these targets reach temperatures high enough to modify the Cu-K-alpha emission spectrum rendering our Bragg imaging mirrors ineffective; spectrometers will be needed to collect data at these higher temperatures. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV USA. Univ Paris 06, Ecole Polytech, CNRS, CEA,Lab Utilisat Lasers Intenses, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, London, England. Inst Laser Engn, Osaka, Japan. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Cent Laser Res Facil, Chilton, England. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. CEA, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Univ Milan Bicocca, Dipartimento Fis G Ochialini, Milan, Italy. INFM, Milan, Italy. Univ Essex, Dept Phys, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex, England. RP Stephens, RB (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM rich.stephens@gat.com; rasnavely@llnl.gov; batani@mib.infn.it; freeman@mps.ohio-state.edu; hey2@llnl.gov; key1@LLNL.GOV; ryo@ile.osaka-u.ac.jp; michel.koenig@polytechnique.fr; kmkr@imperial.ac.uk; K.L.Lancaster@rl.ac.uk; christophe.rousseaux@cea.fr; tabak1@llnl.gov; katanaka@ile.osaka-u.ac.jp; town2@llnl.gov RI Koenig, Michel/A-2167-2012; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; Cowan, Thomas/A-8713-2011; OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; Cowan, Thomas/0000-0002-5845-000X; Perelli Cippo, Enrico/0000-0002-8151-3427; Stephens, Richard/0000-0002-7034-6141 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 355 EP 360 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133072 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900072 ER PT J AU Key, MH Akli, K Beg, F Chen, MH Chung, HK Freeman, RR Foord, ME Green, JS Gu, P Gregori, G Habara, H Hatchett, SP Hey, D Hill, JM King, JA Kodama, R Koch, JA Lancaster, K Lasinski, BF Langdon, B MacKinnon, AJ Murphy, CD Norreys, PA Patel, N Patel, P Pasley, J Snavely, RA Stephens, RB Stoeckl, C Tabak, M Theobald, W Tanaka, K Town, R Wilks, SC Yabuuchi, T Zhang, B AF Key, M. H. Akli, K. Beg, F. Chen, M. H. Chung, H. -K. Freeman, R. R. Foord, M. E. Green, J. S. Gu, P. Gregori, G. Habara, H. Hatchett, S. P. Hey, D. Hill, J. M. King, J. A. Kodama, R. Koch, J. A. Lancaster, K. Lasinski, B. F. Langdon, B. MacKinnon, A. J. Murphy, C. D. Norreys, P. A. Patel, N. Patel, P. Pasley, J. Snavely, R. A. Stephens, R. B. Stoeckl, C. Tabak, M. Theobald, W. Tanaka, K. Town, R. Wilks, S. C. Yabuuchi, T. Zhang, B. TI Study of electron and proton isochoric heating for fast ignition SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom AB Isochoric heating by electrons has been measured in the two limiting cases of small area thin foils with dominant refluxing and cone-long-wire geometry with negligible refluxing in the wire. Imaging of Cu K alpha fluorescence, crystal x-ray spectroscopy of Cu K shell emission, and XUV imaging at 68eV and 256eV are discussed. Laser power on target was typically 0.5 PW in 0.7ps. Heating by focused proton beams generated at the concave inside surface of a hemi-shell and from a sub hemi-shell inside a 30 degrees cone has been studied with the same diagnostic methods plus imaging of proton induced K alpha. Conversion efficiency to protons has been measured and modeled. Conclusions from the experiments, links to theoretical understanding and relevance to fast ignition are outlined. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. CCLRC, Cent Laser Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan. Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Key, MH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM key1@LLNL.GOV; fbeg@ucsd.edu; freeman@mps.ohio-state.edu; hey2@llnl.gov; ryo@ile.osaka-u.ac.jp; K.L.Lancaster@rl.ac.uk; rasnavely@llnl.gov; rich.stephens@gat.com; tabak1@llnl.gov; katanaka@ile.osaka-u.ac.jp; town2@llnl.gov; wilks1@llnl.gov RI Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; Kodama, Ryosuke/G-2627-2016; Brennan, Patricia/N-3922-2015; OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; Stephens, Richard/0000-0002-7034-6141 NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 371 EP 378 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133075 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900075 ER PT J AU Mehlhorn, TA Campbell, RB Kodama, R Tanaka, KA Welch, DR Slutz, SA Vesey, RA Hanson, DL Cuneo, ME Porter, JL AF Mehlhorn, T. A. Campbell, R. B. Kodama, R. Tanaka, K. A. Welch, D. R. Slutz, S. A. Vesey, R. A. Hanson, D. L. Cuneo, M. E. Porter, J. L. TI Simulation of heating-compressed fast-ignition cores by petawatt laser-generated electrons SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom ID FUSION; CAPSULES; PLASMA AB In this work, unique particle-in-cell simulations to understand the relativistic electron beam thermalization and subsequent heating of highly compressed plasmas are reported. The simulations yield heated core parameters in good agreement with the GEKKO-PW experimental measurements, given reasonable assumptions of laser-to-electron coupling efficiency and the distribution function of laser-produced electrons. The classical range of the hot electrons exceeds the mass density-core diameter product rho L by a factor of several. Anomalous stopping appears to be present and is created by the growth and saturation of an electromagnetic filamentation mode that generates a strong back-EMF impeding hot electrons on the injection side of the density maxima This methodology is then applied to the design of experiments for the ZR machine coupled to the Z-Beamlet/PW laser. Sandia National Laboratories is also developing a combination of experimental and theoretical capabilities useful for the study of pulsed-power-driven fast ignition physics. In preparation for these fast ignition experiments, the theory group at Sandia is modeling various aspects of fast ignition physics. Numerical simulations of laser/plasma interaction, electron transport, and ion generation are being performed using the LSP code. LASNEX simulations of the compression of deuterium/tritium fuel in various reentrant cone geometries are being performed. Analytic and numerical modeling has been performed to determine the conditions required for fast ignition breakeven scaling. These results indicate that to achieve fusion energy output equal to the deposited energy in the core will require about 5% of the laser energy needed for ignition and might be an achievable goal with an upgraded Z-beamlet laser in short pulse mode. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. ATK Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Mehlhorn, TA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tamehlh@sandia.gov; ryo@ile.osaka-u.ac.jp; katanaka@ile.osaka-u.ac.jp; ravesey@sandia.gov; dlhanso@sandia.gov; jlporte@sandia.gov RI Kodama, Ryosuke/G-2627-2016 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 391 EP 395 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133078 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900078 ER PT J AU Lei, AL Tanaka, KA Pukhov, A Kodama, R Yabuuchi, T Adumi, K Freeman, RR Izawa, Y Kitagawa, Y Kondo, K Kumar, GR Matsuoka, T Mima, K Norimatsu, T Shorokhov, O Snavely, R Zheng, J AF Lei, A. L. Tanaka, K. A. Pukhov, A. Kodama, R. Yabuuchi, T. Adumi, K. Freeman, R. R. Izawa, Y. Kitagawa, Y. Kondo, K. Kumar, G. R. Matsuoka, T. Mima, K. Norimatsu, T. Shorokhov, O. Snavely, R. Zheng, J. TI Relativistic laser channeling into high-density plasmas SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom ID OVERDENSE PLASMAS; FAST IGNITION; PULSE; UNDERDENSE; FUSION; PROPAGATION; RADIATION; TARGETS AB We experimentally studied relativistic laser propagation in preplasmas at the highest powers ever attempted-0.2 to 0.4 petawatt. We demonstrated a single conical-shaped plasma channel formation extending several hundred microns in length from the under dense to over dense plasmas, indicating whole-beam self-focused laser channeling into the high-density plasma. The channel cone was reproduced by a three dimensional particle-in-cell simulation. The confirmation of the relativistic laser channeling into high-density plasmas holds the promise of fast igniting a highly compressed fuel plasma core. C1 Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. Osaka Univ, Dept Elect Informat Syst & Energy Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Theoret Phys 1, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. Ohio State Univ, Coll Math & Phys Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Univ Michigan, Ctr Ultrafast Opt Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Modern Phys, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. RP Lei, AL (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. EM lal@ile.osaka-u.ac.jp RI Norimatsu, Takayoshi/I-5710-2015; pukhov, alexander/C-8082-2016; Mima, Kunioki/H-9014-2016; Kodama, Ryosuke/G-2627-2016 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 409 EP 412 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133082 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900082 ER PT J AU Batha, SH Fincke, JR Taccetti, JM Delamater, ND Magelssen, GR Lanier, NE Hueckstaedt, RM Parker, KW Rothman, SD Horsfield, CJ AF Batha, S. H. Fincke, J. R. Taccetti, J. M. Delamater, N. D. Magelssen, G. R. Lanier, N. E. Hueckstaedt, R. M. Parker, K. W. Rothman, S. D. Horsfield, C. J. TI Reduced reshock growth in a convergent/divergent system: Effect of reshock strength SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom ID RICHTMYER-MESHKOV INSTABILITY AB The Richtmyer-Meshkov instability creates or seeds hydrodynamic instabilities that will mix cold shell material into the hot DT fuel in an ignition capsule and may prevent ignition. Characteristic of this process is multiple shocks crossing converging interfaces. To mimic this situation, strong converging shocks were created, passed over an unstable interface, reflected by an inner cylinder, and then reshocked the interface. Analysis of the mix width at the unstable surface shows no additional growth, within experimental uncertainty, due to an initially perturbed surface and no dependence on reshock strength. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Atom Weapons Estab, Aldermaston, England. RP Batha, SH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 441 EP 443 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133090 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900090 ER PT J AU Fournier, KB Tobin, M Poco, JF Bradley, K Hansen, SB Coverdale, CA Beutler, D Severson, M Smith, EA Reeder, DL AF Fournier, K. B. Tobin, M. Poco, J. F. Bradley, K. Hansen, S. B. Coverdale, C. A. Beutler, D. Severson, M. Smith, E. A. Reeder, D. L. TI Absolute X-ray yields from laser-irradiated, Ge-doped aerogel targets SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom ID IONIZATION AB We have measured the production of hv > 10 keV x rays from low-density, Ge-doped aerogel targets at the OMEGA laser (Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester). The targets were 1.2mm long by 1.5mm diameter beryllium cylinders filled with Ge-doped (20 atomic percent) SiO2 aerogel. The doped-aerogel density was 4.8 or 6.5 mg/cm(3). Forty beams of the OMEGA laser (gimel = 351 nm) illuminated the two cylindrical faces of the target with a total power of greater than or similar to 18 TW. Ge K-shell x-ray emission was spectrally resolved with a two-channel crystal spectrometer and recorded with temporal resolution with a set of calibrated photoconductive devices (PCDs). C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Ktech Corp, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Fournier, KB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 449 EP 451 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133092 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900092 ER PT J AU Albright, BJ Yin, L Kwan, TJT Bowers, KJ Hegelich, BM Fernandez, JC AF Albright, B. J. Yin, L. Kwan, T. J. T. Bowers, K. J. Hegelich, B. M. Fernandez, J. C. TI Theory and modeling of ion acceleration from the interaction of ultra-intense lasers with solid density targets SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom ID PROTON-BEAMS AB The interaction of a high intensity, short-pulse laser with a thin target can lead to the generation of a highly collimated beam of fast ions off the rear target surface. These ion beams have the potential to impact inertial confinement fusion applications, including their use in diagnostics and fast-ignition. Recent work by the authors in the modeling of ion acceleration, using both full particle-in-cell and hybrid (particle ions, reduced electron physics) models, is leading to improved understanding of the physics governing ion acceleration. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Albright, BJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Fernandez, Juan/H-3268-2011; OI Fernandez, Juan/0000-0002-1438-1815; Albright, Brian/0000-0002-7789-6525; Yin, Lin/0000-0002-8978-5320 NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 467 EP 471 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133096 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900096 ER PT J AU Mason, RJ Dodd, ES Albright, BJ AF Mason, R. J. Dodd, E. S. Albright, B. J. TI Electron transport dependence on target surface conditions and laser spot shape SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom ID IGNITION; PLASMA AB The interaction of intense short pulse radiation with thick Al foils is studied as a function of the absorption region density profile and the laser spot shape. Absorption of the light generates relativistic hot electrons near the critical surface. When the density profile is steep with micron scale lengths, and a small spot (8 mu m FWHM) the hot electrons are retained near the surface while undergoing strong lateral surface transport through intense thermoelectric magnetic fields. Alternatively, with mild, similar to 30 mu m, scale length initial profiles the light beam bores a hole in the corona, wraps it with B-field, extinguishes the lateral hot electron flow, and sends a reduced fraction of hot electrons forward in filaments. Finally, broadening the spot to 40 mu m and totally flattening it gives strong forward-directed hot electron penetration, which, if achievable, could serve effectively for Fast Ignition and radiography. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mason, RJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mason@lanl.gov OI Albright, Brian/0000-0002-7789-6525 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 503 EP 505 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133103 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900103 ER PT J AU Cobble, JA Fernandez, JC Hegelich, BM Flippo, KA Gautier, DC AF Cobble, J. A. Fernandez, J. C. Hegelich, B. M. Flippo, K. A. Gautier, D. C. TI Spectroscopic diagnostics for multi-TW laser-produced plasmas SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom AB Data from a pinhole camera and a transmission grating spectrograph are used in multi-TW laser irradiance of thin metal films to assess the maximum laser spot size and to show tenths of a percent conversion of laser light to K-, L-, and M-band x rays. The distribution of target debris, an operational issue for the survivability of an unshielded parabola in a large laser system, is revealed by x-ray fluorescence measurements of witness samples. At the 25-J, 30-TW level, we find little evidence of damage to the f/3 parabola with an angle of incidence on target greater than 22 degrees. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cobble, JA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cobble@lanl.gov; juanc@lanl.gov; hegelich@lanl.gov; kflippo@lanl.gov RI Fernandez, Juan/H-3268-2011; Flippo, Kirk/C-6872-2009 OI Fernandez, Juan/0000-0002-1438-1815; Flippo, Kirk/0000-0002-4752-5141 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 529 EP 531 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133109 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900109 ER PT J AU Haynam, C Auerbach, J Bowers, M Di-Nicola, JM Dixit, S Erbert, G Heestand, G Henesian, M Jancaitis, K Manes, K Marshall, C Mehta, N Nostrand, M Orth, C Sacks, R Shaw, M Sutton, S Wegner, P Williams, W Widmayer, C White, R Yang, S Van Wonterghem, B AF Haynam, C. Auerbach, J. Bowers, M. Di-Nicola, J-M. Dixit, S. Erbert, G. Heestand, G. Henesian, M. Jancaitis, K. Manes, K. Marshall, C. Mehta, N. Nostrand, M. Orth, C. Sacks, R. Shaw, M. Sutton, S. Wegner, P. Williams, W. Widmayer, C. White, R. Yang, S. Van Wonterghem, B. TI The national ignition facility performance status SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF) laser has been designed to support high energy density science (HEDS), including the demonstration of fusion ignition through Inertial Confinement. NIF operated a single "quad" of 4 beams from December 2002 through October 2004 in order to gain laser operations experience, support target experiments, and demonstrate laser performance consistent with NIF's design requirement. During this two-year period, over 400 Main Laser shots were delivered at 1 omega to calorimeters for diagnostic calibration purposes, at 3 omega to the Target Chamber, and at 1 omega, 2 omega, and 3 omega to the Precision Diagnostics System (PDS). The PDS includes its own independent single beam transport system, NIF design frequency conversion hardware and optics, and laser sampling optics that deliver light to a broad range of laser diagnostics. Highlights of NIF laser performance will be discussed including the results of high energy 2 omega and 3 omega experiments, the use of multiple focal spot beam conditioning techniques, the reproducibility of laser performance on multiple shots, the generation on a single beam of a 3 omega temporally shaped ignition pulse at full energy and power, and recent results on full bundle (8 beamline) performance. NIF's first quad laser performance meets or exceeds NIF's design requirements. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Haynam, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM haynam1@llnl.gov; dixit1@llnl.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 575 EP 585 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133117 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900117 ER PT J AU Koniges, AE Anderson, RW Wang, P Gunney, BTN Becker, R Eder, DC MacGowan, BJ Schneider, MB AF Koniges, A. E. Anderson, R. W. Wang, P. Gunney, B. T. N. Becker, R. Eder, D. C. MacGowan, B. J. Schneider, M. B. TI Modeling NIF experimental designs with adaptive mesh refinement and Lagrangian hydrodynamics SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom AB Incorporation of adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) into Lagrangian hydrodynamics algorithms allows for the creation of a highly powerful simulation toot effective for complex target designs with three-dimensional structure. We are developing an advanced modeling tool that includes AMR and traditional arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) techniques. Our goal is the accurate prediction of vaporization, disintegration and fragmentation in National Ignition Facility (NIF) experimental target elements. Although our focus is on minimizing the generation of shrapnel in target designs and protecting the optics, the general techniques are applicable to modem advanced targets that include three-dimensional effects such as those associated with capsule fill tubes. Several essential computations in ordinary radiation hydrodynamics need to be redesigned in order to allow for AMR to work well with ALE, including algorithms associated with radiation transport. Additionally, for our goal of predicting fragmentation, we include elastic/plastic flow into our computations. We discuss the integration of these effects into a new ALE-AMR simulation code. Applications of this newly developed modeling tool as well as traditional ALE simulations in two and three dimensions are applied to NIF early-light target designs. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Koniges, AE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-561,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM koniges@llnl.gov RI Becker, Richard/I-1196-2013 NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 587 EP 593 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133118 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900118 ER PT J AU Dixit, SN Munro, D Murray, JR Nostrand, M Wegner, PJ Froula, D Haynam, CA MacGowan, BJ AF Dixit, S. N. Munro, D. Murray, J. R. Nostrand, M. Wegner, P. J. Froula, D. Haynam, C. A. MacGowan, B. J. TI Polarization smoothing on the national ignition facility SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom AB We have recently implemented polarization smoothing (PS) on one quad of the NIF laser. Specially cut KDP and DKDP crystals at 420 x 420 mm sizes were used to scramble the incident 351 ran laser polarization over the beam aperture. The intensity contrast deduced from the measured focal spot images for one of the NIF beams is in very good agreement with the expected contrast. KDP and DKDP crystals are known to produce considerable amount of transverse stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) when irradiated with large beams at similar to 1-2 GW/cm(2). In order to measure the transverse SRS, we attached optical fibers on the side of one of the PS crystals. The KDP PS crystal showed > 1 J/cm(2) side scattered SRS at irradiances of 1.2 GW/cm(2). The DKDP (70% deuteration level) PS crystal showed significantly less SRS. Detailed analysis of the SRS scattering in the PS crystal is in progress. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Dixit, SN (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-462,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM dixit1@llnl.gov; froula1@llnl.gov; macgowan@llnl.gov NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 717 EP 720 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133145 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900145 ER PT J AU Eder, DC Whitman, PK Koniges, AE Anderson, RW Wang, P Gunney, BT Parham, TG Koerner, JG Dixit, SN Suratwala, T Blue, BE Hansen, JF Tobin, MT Robey, HF Spaeth, ML MacGowan, BJ AF Eder, D. C. Whitman, P. K. Koniges, A. E. Anderson, R. W. Wang, P. Gunney, B. T. Parham, T. G. Koerner, J. G. Dixit, S. N. Suratwala, T. Blue, B. E. Hansen, J. F. Tobin, M. T. Robey, H. F. Spaeth, M. L. MacGowan, B. J. TI Optimization of experimental designs by incorporating NIF facility impacts SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom AB For experimental campaigns on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) to be successful, they must obtain useful data without causing unacceptable impact on the facility. Of particular concern is excessive damage to optics and diagnostic components. There are 192 fused silica main debris shields (MDS) exposed to the potentially hostile target chamber environment on each shot. Damage in these optics results either from the interaction of laser light with contamination and pre-existing imperfections on the optic surface or from the impact of shrapnel fragments. Mitigation of this second damage source is possible by identifying shrapnel sources and shielding optics from them. It was recently demonstrated that the addition of 1.1-mm thick borosilicate disposable debris shields (DDS) blocks the majority of debris and shrapnel fragments from reaching the relatively expensive MDS's. However, DDS's cannot stop large, fast moving fragments. We have experimentally demonstrated one shrapnel mitigation technique showing that it is possible to direct fast moving fragments by changing the source orientation, in this case a Ta pinhole array. Another mitigation method is to change the source material to one that produces smaller fragments. Simulations and validating experiments are necessary to determine which fragments can penetrate or break 1-3 mm thick DDS's. Three-dimensional modeling of complex target-diagnostic configurations is necessary to predict the size, velocity, and spatial distribution of shrapnel fragments. The tools we are developing will be used to assure that all NIF experimental campaigns meet the requirements on allowed level of debris and shrapnel generation. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Eder, DC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM deder@llnl.gov; koniges@llnl.gov; dixit1@llnl.gov; blue3@llnl.gov; robey1l@llnl.gov; macgowan@llnl.gov RI Suratwala, Tayyab/A-9952-2013; Whitman, Pamela/B-2336-2013 OI Suratwala, Tayyab/0000-0001-9086-1039; NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 721 EP 725 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133146 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900146 ER PT J AU Davidson, RC Logan, BG Barnard, JJ Bieniosek, FM Briggs, RJ Callahan, DA Covo, MK Celata, CM Cohen, RH Coleman, JE Debonnel, CS Grote, DP Efthimion, PC Eylon, S Friedman, A Gilson, EP Grisham, LR Henestroza, E Kaganovich, ID Kwan, JW Lee, EP Lee, WW Leitner, M Lund, SM Meier, WR Molvik, AW Olson, CL Penn, GE Qin, H Roy, PK Rose, DV Sefkow, A Seidl, PA Sharp, WM Startsev, EA Tabak, M Thoma, C Vay, JL Waldron, WL Wurtele, JS Welch, DR Westenskow, GA Yu, SS AF Davidson, R. C. Logan, B. G. Barnard, J. J. Bieniosek, F. M. Briggs, R. J. Callahan, D. A. Kireeff Covo, M. Celata, C. M. Cohen, R. H. Coleman, J. E. Debonnel, C. S. Grote, D. P. Efthimion, P. C. Eylon, S. Friedman, A. Gilson, E. P. Grisham, L. R. Henestroza, E. Kaganovich, I. D. Kwan, J. W. Lee, E. P. Lee, W. W. Leitner, M. Lund, S. M. Meier, W. R. Molvik, A. W. Olson, C. L. Penn, G. E. Qin, H. Roy, P. K. Rose, D. V. Sefkow, A. Seidl, P. A. Sharp, W. M. Startsev, E. A. Tabak, M. Thoma, C. Vay, J. -L. Waldron, W. L. Wurtele, J. S. Welch, D. R. Westenskow, G. A. Yu, S. S. TI US heavy ion beam research for high energy density physics applications and fusion SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom ID NEUTRALIZED-TRANSPORT-EXPERIMENT; CHARGED-PARTICLE BEAMS; BACKGROUND PLASMA; DRIFT COMPRESSION; CROSS-SECTIONS; FINAL FOCUS; SIMULATIONS; INSTABILITY; IONIZATION; ANISOTROPY AB Key scientific results from recent experiments, modeling tools, and heavy ion accelerator research are summarized that explore ways to investigate the properties of high energy density matter in heavy-ion-driven targets, in particular, strongly-coupled plasmas at 0.01 to 0.1 times solid density for studies of warm dense matter, which is a frontier area in high energy density physics. Pursuit of these near-term objectives has resulted in many innovations that will ultimately benefit heavy ion inertial fusion energy. These include: neutralized ion beam compression and focusing, which hold the promise of greatly improving the stage between the accelerator and the target chamber in a fusion power plant; and the Pulse Line Ion Accelerator (PLIA), which may lead to compact, low-cost modular linac drivers. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Livermore, CA USA. Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Davidson, RC (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM rdavidson@pppl.gov; dcallahan@llnl.gov; meier5@llnl.gov; tabak1@llnl.gov RI wurtele, Jonathan/J-6278-2016 OI wurtele, Jonathan/0000-0001-8401-0297 NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 731 EP 741 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133148 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900148 ER PT J AU Lifschitz, AF Maynard, G Vay, JL Lenglet, A AF Lifschitz, A. F. Maynard, G. Vay, J. -L. Lenglet, A. TI Dynamics of neutralizing electrons during the focusing of intense heavy ions beams inside a HIF reactor chamber SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom AB The efficiency of a Heavy Ion Fusion reactor heavily depends on the maximum value for the density of energy (DoE) that can be deposited by the ion beams. In order to reduce the final radius, and thus to increase the DoE inside the target, the beam spatial charge has to be neutralized. Therefore the dynamics of the neutralizing electrons (DNE) play a central role in optimizing the DoE deposited in solid targets by high current of high energy heavy ion beams. We present results on some aspects of the DNE, which was performed using the Monte-Carlo 2131/2 PIC code BPIC. C1 Univ Paris Sud 11, Phys Gaz & Plasmas Lab, CNRS, UMR 8578, F-91405 Orsay, France. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lifschitz, AF (reprint author), Ecole Polytech, ENSTA, Lab Opt Appl, Chemin Huniere, F-91761 Palaiseau, France. EM gilles.maynard@pgp.u-psud.fr; andrian.lenglet@pgp.u-psud.fr NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 753 EP 755 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133151 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900151 ER PT J AU Leeper, RJ Ruiz, CL Cooper, GW Slutz, SA Bailey, JE Chandler, GA Nash, TJ Mehlhorn, TA Fehl, DL Peterson, K Rochau, GA Varnum, WA Bell, KS Casey, DT Nelson, AJ Franklin, J Ziegler, L AF Leeper, R. J. Ruiz, C. L. Cooper, G. W. Slutz, S. A. Bailey, J. E. Chandler, G. A. Nash, T. J. Mehlhorn, T. A. Fehl, D. L. Peterson, K. Rochau, G. A. Varnum, W. A. Bell, K. S. Casey, D. T. Nelson, A. J. Franklin, J. Ziegler, L. TI Production of thermonuclear neutrons from deuterium-filled capsule implosion experiments driven by Z-Pinch dynamic hohlraurns at Sandia National Laboratories' Z facility SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom AB Deuterium-filled capsule implosion experiments that employ the dynamic hohlraum are presently being conducted on the Z facility at Sandia National Laboratories. This paper will address the evidence for thermonuclear neutron production in the initial series and subsequent series of experiments that have been conducted to date employing Be, plastic, and glass capsules. The novelty of this approach motivated using several techniques to determine that the neutrons were thermonuclear in origin. The diagnostic techniques employed consist of measuring the average neutron energy and yield isotropy in two directions that were separated by a polar angle of 102 degrees. Additional "null" experiments were also employed that used the addition of Xe gas to the deuterium gas fill to suppress fusion neutron yields from the capsules by an order of magnitude. Use of these techniques are of particular importance because alternative, nonthermonuclear neutron processes were previously found to exist in Z-pinch and dense plasma focus plasmas. Such processes typically involved the creation of directed energetic ions leading to the production of nonthermal, "ion beam" generated neutrons. If not properly diagnosed, neutrons produced by these nonthermal processes could be misinterpreted as thermonuclear in origin. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Comforce Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. K Tech Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Bechtel Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89131 USA. RP Leeper, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rjleepe@sandia.gov; jebaile@sandia.gov; tamehlh@sandia.gov NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 775 EP 778 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133156 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900156 ER PT J AU Bibeau, C Bayramian, A Armstrong, P Ault, E Beach, R Benapfl, M Campbell, R Dawson, J Ebbers, C Freitas, B Kent, R Liao, Z Ladran, T Menapace, J Molander, B Moses, E Oberhelman, S Payne, S Peterson, N Schaffers, K Stolz, C Sutton, S Tassano, J Telford, S Utterback, E Randles, M Chai, B Fei, Y AF Bibeau, C. Bayramian, A. Armstrong, P. Ault, E. Beach, R. Benapfl, M. Campbell, R. Dawson, J. Ebbers, C. Freitas, B. Kent, R. Liao, Z. Ladran, T. Menapace, J. Molander, B. Moses, E. Oberhelman, S. Payne, S. Peterson, N. Schaffers, K. Stolz, C. Sutton, S. Tassano, J. Telford, S. Utterback, E. Randles, M. Chai, B. Fei, Y. TI The mercury laser system - An average power, gas-cooled, Yb : S-FAP based system with frequency conversion and wavefront correction SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom AB We report on the operation of the Mercury laser with fourteen 4 x 6 cm(2) Yb:S-FAP amplifier slabs pumped by eight 100 kW peak power diode arrays. The system was continuously run at 55 J and 10 Hz for several hours, (2 x 10(5) cumulative shots) with over 80% of the energy in a 6 times diffraction limited spot at 1.047 mu m. Improved optical quality was achieved in Yb:S-FAP amplifiers with magneto-rheological finishing, a deterministic polishing method. In addition, average power frequency conversion employing YCOB was demonstrated at 50% conversion efficiency or 22.6 J at 10 Hz. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Synoptics, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Charlotte, NC 28273 USA. Crystal Photon Inc, Sanford, FL 32773 USA. RP Bibeau, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-482, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bibeau1@llnl.gov; moses1@llnl.gov NR 7 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 797 EP 803 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133161 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900161 ER PT J AU Perlado, JM Victoria, M Caturla, MJ Marian, J Gamez, ML Arevalo, C Martinez, E Mota, F Velarde, M Velarde, G Cepas, P AF Perlado, J. M. Victoria, M. Caturla, M. J. Marian, J. Gamez, M. L. Arevalo, C. Martinez, E. Mota, F. Velarde, M. Velarde, G. Cepas, P. TI Radiation damage in metals, and amorphous silica in inertial fusion reactors: Modeling and experiments SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; IRRADIATION; SIO2 AB A systematic analysis of primary damage will follow for high-energy recoils, in order to get distribution of cascades and subcascades versus recoil energies. Considering Fe, simulations have been per-formed using new activation energies for diffusion of interstitial defects, and a new random 3D movement has been considered in modeling. New vacancy's migration energies for 3-4 vacancy clusters and last ab-initio diffusion parameters for impurities were also implemented. Results will be compared to experiments, to quantify the defect concentration and the defect type. A new full scale of irradiation experiments of metals and diagnosis including resistivity analysis will also be presented. In addition, the plans to extend such defect dynamics simulation to the scale of defect-dislocation dynamics will be presented. Using defect energetic and cascade damage obtained from molecular dynamics, results will be presented on irradiation of hcp alpha-Zr under different conditions with a kinetic Monte Carlo model. Cascades of 25 keV will be considered in the evolution of the microstructure during irradiation under environment conditions of 600K, 10(-6) dpa/s and 0.5 dpa. We will present preliminary comparisons with experimental data. Finally, our previous and present results on a-Zr will be extrapolated to Titanium that has very useful applications in nuclear fusion reactors. Defects in silica and carbon may be present in the material, in many cases associated to impurities, or generated by irradiation. A systematic identification of defect types in these materials, depending on its final potential energy and its morphology, calculating the co-ordination and neighbour type will be presented, and their concentration as a function of stoichiometric deviations is studied using classical molecular dynamic. To study the effects of different hydrogen isotopes in silica and their interaction with the defect concentration is considered as an important effect and a modelling analysis will be presented. A full-scale experimental program, using visible and infrared optical spectroscopy, for understanding those mechanisms and validate simulation results will also be presented. C1 Univ Politecn Madrid, Inst Fus Nucl, DENIM, ETSII, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. Univ Alicante, Dept Appl Phys, E-03080 Alicante, Spain. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Appl Phys, ETSII, Madrid, Spain. RP Perlado, JM (reprint author), Univ Politecn Madrid, Inst Fus Nucl, DENIM, ETSII, C Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. EM mperlado@din.upm.es; marta@denim.upm.es RI Caturla, Maria /D-6241-2012; Mota, Fernando/H-1741-2016 OI Caturla, Maria /0000-0002-4809-6553; Mota, Fernando/0000-0002-1337-2482 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 805 EP 809 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133162 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900162 ER PT J AU Cabellos, O Sanz, J Reyes, S Latkowski, J Garcia-Herranz, N AF Cabellos, O. Sanz, J. Reyes, S. Latkowski, J. Garcia-Herranz, N. TI Sensitivity of Shallow Land Burial to neutron environment and activation cross sections in IFE thick-liquid concepts SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom ID HYLIFE-II AB A comprehensive assessment on the eligibility of reduced activation (RA) steels as structural chamber material in Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) thick-liquid concepts is performed. As far as alloying elements, it is shown that the activation of tungsten is a question to debate. Regarding impurity elements, it is analyzed if they could question the possibility of obtaining real RA steels for shallow land burial (SLB). The effect of the thickness of the liquid wall on the SLB response of alloying and impurity elements is computed. And above all, we have estimated the impact of cross section uncertainties when addressing the former questions, and we identify those to be improved. The necessary improvement of some tungsten and niobium cross sections is justified. C1 UPM, Inst Fus Nucl, ETS Ingn Ind Madrid, Madrid 28006, Spain. UPM, Dept Nucl Engn, Madrid 28006, Spain. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Cabellos, O (reprint author), UPM, Inst Fus Nucl, ETS Ingn Ind Madrid, Madrid 28006, Spain. EM cabellos@din.upm.es RI Garcia-Herranz, Nuria/H-9963-2015 OI Garcia-Herranz, Nuria/0000-0002-0760-2974 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 821 EP 823 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133164 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900164 ER PT J AU Meier, WR Raffray, AR Sviatoslavsky, IN AF Meier, W. R. Raffray, A. R. Sviatoslavsky, I. N. TI Systems modeling for laser IFE SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom ID FUSION ENERGY AB A systems model of a laser-driven IFE power plant is being developed to assist in design trade-offs and optimization. The focus to date has been on modeling the fusion chamber, blanket and power conversion system. A self-consistent model has been developed to determine key chamber and thermal cycle parameters (e.g., chamber radius, structure and coolant temperatures, cycle efficiency, etc.) as a function of the target yield and pulse repetition rate. Temperature constraints on the tungsten armor, ferritic steel wall, and structure/coolant interface are included in evaluating the potential design space. Results are presented for a lithium cooled first wall coupled with a Brayton power cycle. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Meier, WR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-641, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM meier5@llnl.gov; raffray@fusion.ucsd.edu NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 833 EP 835 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133167 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900167 ER PT J AU Raffray, AR Blanchard, J Robson, AE Rose, DV Sawan, M Sethian, J Snead, L Sviatoslavsk, I AF Raffray, A. R. Blanchard, J. Robson, A. E. Rose, D. V. Sawan, M. Sethian, J. Snead, L. Sviatoslavsk, I. CA HAPL Team TI Impact of magnetic diversion on laser IFE reactor design and performance SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom AB This paper covers the results of a scoping study to assess the possible application of magnetic diversion to a laser IFE reactor. Its impact on the engineering design and performance of the reactor is discussed, key issues are identified, and the findings from this assessment are summarized. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, EBU 2, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. ATK Mission Res, Albuquerque, NM USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Raffray, AR (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, EBU 2, Room 460, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM raffray@fusion.ucsd.edu NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 845 EP 848 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133170 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900170 ER PT J AU Bernat, TP Huang, H Kilkenny, JD Nikroo, A Stephens, RB Wilkens, HL Xu, H Armstrong, P Cook, R Kozioziemski, B Letts, S Mapoles, E Moody, J McElfresh, M Sanchez, J Seugling, R Cooley, J Montgomery, D Nobile, A AF Bernat, T. P. Huang, H. Kilkenny, J. D. Nikroo, A. Stephens, R. B. Wilkens, H. L. Xu, H. Armstrong, P. Cook, R. Kozioziemski, B. Letts, S. Mapoles, E. Moody, J. McElfresh, M. Sanchez, J. Seugling, R. Cooley, J. Montgomery, D. Nobile, A. TI Ignition target fabrication and fielding for the national ignition facility SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom AB Continued advances in the design of ignition targets have stimulating new development paths for target fabrication, with potentially important simplifications for fielding cryogenic ignition targets for the National Ignition Facility. Including graded dopants in ablators as well as optimizing capsule and fuel layer dimensions increase implosion stability. This has led to developments of micron-scale fill tubes to fill and field the targets. Rapid progress has been made in development of the graded dopant layers in capsules as well as their characterization, in fabrication methods for micro-fill-tubes, and in fuel fill control with these fill tubes. Phase-contrast x-ray radiography has allowed characterization of fuel layers in beryllium targets. This target development program includes participation from General Atomics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, and Los Alamos National Laboratory. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bernat, TP (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RI Cooley, Jason/E-4163-2013; OI Stephens, Richard/0000-0002-7034-6141 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 857 EP 862 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133173 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900173 ER PT J AU Moody, JD Kozioziemski, BJ London, RL Montgomery, DS Sanchez, JJ Sater, JD Bittner, DN Burmann, JA Jones, RL Pipes, J Stefanescu, D AF Moody, J. D. Kozioziemski, B. J. London, R. L. Montgomery, D. S. Sanchez, J. J. Sater, J. D. Bittner, D. N. Burmann, J. A. Jones, R. L. Pipes, J. Stefanescu, D. TI Status of cryogenic layering for NIF ignition targets SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom ID FACILITY AB Recent advances in cryogenic layering include the development of a self-contained and self-filling hohlraum, application of phase contrast x-ray measurements for ice layer characterization, and an ice layer achieved with beta-layering which meets the NIF specification for surface roughness at 1.5 K below the triple point. In addition, recent results on target integration in a hohlraum show effective layer control using heaters on the hohlraum. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87845 USA. Schafer Corp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Johnson Controls World Serv Corp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Moody, JD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 7 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 863 EP 867 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133174 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900174 ER PT J AU Montgomery, DS Gautier, DC Kozioziemski, BJ Moody, JD Evans, SC Pipes, J Sater, JD Stefanescu, D Walsh, PJ AF Montgomery, D. S. Gautier, D. C. Kozioziemski, B. J. Moody, J. D. Evans, S. C. Pipes, J. Sater, J. D. Stefanescu, D. Walsh, P. J. TI Characterization of D-T cryogenic layer formation in a Beryllium capsule using X-ray phase contrast imaging SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom ID FACILITY AB Copper-doped beryllium capsules filled with cryogenic deuterium and tritium (D-T) fuel layers offer many technical and manufacturing advantages for Inertial Confinement Fusion. However, characterizing the frozen fuel layer in such targets is challenging since traditional x-ray radiographic techniques, which rely on absorption for image contrast, cannot provide sufficient contrast to image the low-Z D-T fuel layer in these targets. In this research, we employ x-ray phase contrast imaging (XPCI), which relies on gradients in the object's phase, to produce image contrast. We find that XPCI has sufficient sensitivity to characterize the D-T cryogenic layers in an ignition-scale Be(Cu) capsule. A Be(Cu) capsule is filled with liquid D-T via a small fill-tube, and is kept at a uniform temperature below the D-T triple point in a cryostat designed to produce spherical isotherms. A very uniform spherical D-T ice layer (< 1.5 mu m RMS roughness) is formed within the capsule after a few hours due to heating by beta-decay of the tritium. Studies performed for D-T layer uniformity show an increase in surface roughness as the temperature is lowered. We discuss the source and detector characteristics necessary to obtain high quality XPCI images of the D-T layer, wave-propagation modeling of the image formation process, and image analysis. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Montgomery, DS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,Bikini Atoll Rd,Mail Stop E-526, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM montgomery@lanl.gov; moody4@llnl.gov NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 869 EP 873 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133175 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900175 ER PT J AU Hanson, DL Vesey, RA Slutz, SA Cuneo, ME Porter, JL Sinars, DB Schroen, DG Russell, CO Steinman, DA Nikroo, A Kaae, JL Giraldez, EM AF Hanson, D. L. Vesey, R. A. Slutz, S. A. Cuneo, M. E. Porter, J. L. Sinars, D. B. Schroen, D. G. Russell, C. O. Steinman, D. A. Nikroo, A. Kaae, J. L. Giraldez, E. M. TI Cryogenic target development for fast ignition with Z-pinch-driven fuel assembly SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom ID FABRICATION AB We are developing an alternative approach to indirect-drive fast ignition fusion targets in which a liquid cryogenic fuel layer is condensed in situ from a low pressure external gas supply and confined between a thick outer ablator shell and a thin inner shell. The shape and surface quality of the liquid fuel layer is determined entirely by the characteristics of the bounding shells. Liquid fuel targets of this type have a number of potential advantages including greatly reduced temperature control requirements and drastically reduced cost and complexity of the cryogenic support system compared to beta-layed DT targets. This liquid fuel concept is particularly appropriate for a hemispherical capsule configuration with single-sided x-ray drive by a z-pinch source. Technology issues for concentric-shell liquid cryogenic target development and progress in thin inner hemispherical shell fabrication are discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Schafer Corp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Hanson, DL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1673 Mailstop 1193, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 881 EP 885 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133177 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900177 ER PT J AU Eder, DC Song, PM Latkowski, JF Reyes, S O'Brien, DW Lee, FD Young, BK Koch, JA Moran, MJ Watts, PW Kimbrough, JR Ng, EW Landen, OL MacGowan, BJ AF Eder, D. C. Song, P. M. Latkowski, J. F. Reyes, S. O'Brien, D. W. Lee, F. D. Young, B. K. Koch, J. A. Moran, M. J. Watts, P. W. Kimbrough, J. R. Ng, E. W. Landen, O. L. MacGowan, B. J. TI Impact of neutron and gamma radiation on the design of NIF diagnostics and target-bay systems SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom AB The design of a wide range of components in and near the target bay of the National Ignition Facility (NIF) must allow for significant radiation from neutrons and gammas. Detailed 3D Monte Carlo simulations are critical to determine neutron and gamma fluxes for all target-bay components to allow optimization of location and auxiliary shielding. Demonstration of ignition poses unique challenges because of the large range (similar to 3 orders of magnitude) in the yield for any given attempt at ignition. Some diagnostics will provide data independent of yield, while others will provide data for lower yields and only survive high yields with little or no damage. In addition, for a given yield there is a more than 10 orders of magnitude range in neutron and gamma fluxes depending on location in the facility. For example, sensitive components in the diagnostic mezzanines and switchyards require auxiliary shielding for high-yield shots even though they are greater than 17 meters from target chamber center (TCC) and shielded by the 2 m-thick target-bay wall. In contrast, there are components 0.2 to 2 m from TCC with little or no shielding. For these components, particular attention is being made to use low-activation material because of the extremely high neutron loading levels. Many of the components closest to target center are designed to be single use to reduce worker dose from having to refurbish highly activated components. The cryogenic target positioner is an example where activation and ease of component replacement is an important part of the design. We are developing a design process for all target-bay systems that will assure reliable operation for the full range of planned yields. C1 LLNL, Livermore, CA USA. RP Eder, DC (reprint author), LLNL, POB 808,L-463, Livermore, CA USA. EM deder@llnl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 907 EP 912 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133183 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900183 ER PT J AU Grim, GP Barnes, CW Bradley, PA Christensen, CR Hauer, A Morgan, GL Oertel, JA Wilke, MD Wilson, DC Barrera, C Haan, SW Hammel, BA Koch, JA Lerche, RA Moran, MJ Glebov, VL Sangster, TC Bourgade, JL Disdier, L Lantuejoul, I Landoas, O AF Grim, G. P. Barnes, C. W. Bradley, P. A. Christensen, C. R. Hauer, A. Morgan, G. L. Oertel, J. A. Wilke, M. D. Wilson, D. C. Barrera, C. Haan, S. W. Hammel, B. A. Koch, J. A. Lerche, R. A. Moran, M. J. Glebov, V. L. Sangster, T. C. Bourgade, J. -L. Disdier, L. Lantuejoul, I. Landoas, O. TI Neutron imaging at the NIF SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; TARGETS AB The National Ignition Facility neutron imaging system (NIS) is an important diagnostic for understanding ignition experiments at the NIF in late 2010. The goal of the diagnostic is to provide spatially resolved information on the production of prompt and scattered neutrons from imploded ignition targets. This information may be used to diagnose hohlraum drive symmetry and pointing conditions, or study the dynamics of DT burn within the ICF target. In this paper we will discuss NIF relevant neutron imaging issues, goals, and current requirements. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. CEA, DAM Ile France Essone, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. RP Grim, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS H803,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Barnes, Cris/0000-0002-3347-0741; Bradley, Paul/0000-0001-6229-6677 NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 913 EP 918 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133184 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900184 ER PT J AU Kline, JL Fernandez, JC Goldman, SR Braun, D Landen, O Niemann, C Gautier, DC Hegelich, BM Montgomery, DS Lanier, NE Rose, HA Workman, JB Campbell, K Celeste, J Dewald, E Glenzer, S Hinkel, D Holder, J Kalantar, D Kamperschroer, J Kimbrough, J Kirkwood, R Lee, FD MacGowan, B MacKinnon, A McDonald, J Schein, J Schneider, M Suter, L Young, B AF Kline, J. L. Fernandez, J. C. Goldman, S. R. Braun, D. Landen, O. Niemann, C. Gautier, D. C. Hegelich, B. M. Montgomery, D. S. Lanier, N. E. Rose, H. A. Workman, J. B. Campbell, K. Celeste, J. Dewald, E. Glenzer, S. Hinkel, D. Holder, J. Kalantar, D. Kamperschroer, J. Kimbrough, J. Kirkwood, R. Lee, F. D. MacGowan, B. MacKinnon, A. McDonald, J. Schein, J. Schneider, M. Suter, L. Young, B. TI Measurements of gas filled halfraum energetics at the national ignition facility using a single quad SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom ID BACKSCATTER; SYSTEM AB Gas filled halfraum experiments were conducted at the National Ignition Facility which provided an excellent test of the tools needed to understand halfraum energetics in an ignition relevant regime. The experiments used a highly shaped laser pulse and measured large levels of backscattered laser energy. These two components challenge the ability of radiation hydrodynamic simulations to model the experiments. The results show good agreement between experimental measurements and simulations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kline, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E526, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Fernandez, Juan/H-3268-2011; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; OI Fernandez, Juan/0000-0002-1438-1815; MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; Kline, John/0000-0002-2271-9919 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 919 EP 923 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133185 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900185 ER PT J AU Moran, MJ Koch, J Landen, OL Haan, SW Barrera, CA Morse, EC AF Moran, M. J. Koch, J. Landen, O. L. Haan, S. W. Barrera, C. A. Morse, E. C. TI Imploded capsule fuel temperature and density measurement by energy-dependent neutron imaging SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom AB Neutron imaging systems measure the spatial distribution of neutron emission from burning inertial confinement fusion (ICF) targets. These systems use a traditional pinhole geometry to project an image of the source onto a two-dimensional scintillator array, and a CCD records the resulting scintillation image. The recent history of ICF neutron images has produced images with qualities that have improved as the fusion neutron yields have increased to nearly 10(14) neutrons. Anticipated future neutron yields in excess of 10(16) at the National Ignition Facility and LMJ have raised the prospect of neuron imaging diagnostics which simultaneously probe several different characteristics of burning fusion targets. The new measurements rely on gated-image recording to select images corresponding to specific bands of neutron energies. Gated images of downscattered neutrons with energies from 5 to 8 MeV can emphasize regions of the target which contain DT fuel which is not burning. At the same time, gated images which select different portions of the 14-MeV spectral peak can produce spatial temperature maps of a burning target. Since the neutron production depends on the DT fuel density and temperature, simultaneous images of temperature and neutron emission can be combined to infer the an image of the source density using an Abel inversion method that is analogous to the method that has been used in x-ray imaging. Thus, with higher-yield sources, neutron imaging offers the potential to record simultaneously several critical features that characterize the performance of an ICF target: the neutron emission distribution, the temperature and density distributions, and the distribution of nonburning fuel within the target. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Moran, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-481, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 925 EP 927 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133186 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900186 ER PT J AU Song, P Moran, M Phillips, T Lerche, R Koch, J Eder, D AF Song, P. Moran, M. Phillips, T. Lerche, R. Koch, J. Eder, D. TI Study of scattered background neutron in NIF and time-of-flight (TOF) to measure neutron SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom AB Some of the planned core diagnostics for National Ignition Facility (NIF) will use neutron time-of-flight (TOF) spectroscopy techniques to gather information for primary neutron yield measurement or neutron imaging. TOF methods will be used to observe target fuel areal density (radial integral of density) via measuring the number of primary 14.1 MeV neutrons that are down-scattered to lower energies by nuclear collisions inside the compressed target core. The large number of primary neutrons scattered by the target chamber and structures at NIF will contribute a significant background signal during measurements. The optimum detector locations outside the target chamber or target bay wall are proposed. Appropriate collimators at the chamber port and the bay wall (between the neutron source at target chamber center (TCC) and detector) that maximize detection of signal neutrons while minimizing the background from scattered neutrons and neutron induced gamma rays are presented. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Song, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-463, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM song6@llnl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 929 EP 933 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133187 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900187 ER PT J AU Tommasini, R Phillips, TW Koch, JA AF Tommasini, R. Phillips, T. W. Koch, J. A. TI Ignition X-ray imager for laser-fusion research at the national ignition facility SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom AB X-ray imaging will be an important diagnostic tool for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) research at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). However, high neutron yields will make x-ray imaging much more difficult than it is at current smaller facilities. We analyze the feasibility and performance of an Ignition X-Ray Imager to be used on cryogenic DT implosions at NIF. The system is intended to provide time-integrated, broadband, moderate-energy x-ray core images of imploding ICF capsules. Highly magnified, spectrally-filtered images created using an array of pinholes placed close to the target will be projected onto a scintillator placed at the target chamber wall. A telescope will be used to relay the scintillator emission to a distant optical detector that is time-gated in order to minimize backgrounds, in particular from neutrons. The system is optimized with respect to spatial-resolution, signal-to-background and signal-to-noise ratios. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Tommasini, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM tommasini2@llnl.gov RI Tommasini, Riccardo/A-8214-2009 OI Tommasini, Riccardo/0000-0002-1070-3565 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 935 EP 937 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133188 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900188 ER PT J AU Caird, JA Erlandson, AC Molander, WA Murray, JE Robertson, GK Smith, IC Sinars, DB Porter, JL AF Caird, J. A. Erlandson, A. C. Molander, W. A. Murray, J. E. Robertson, G. K. Smith, I. C. Sinars, D. B. Porter, J. L. TI Z-beamlet (ZBL) multi-frame back-lighter (MFB) system for ICF/plasma diagnostics SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom ID LASER AB Z-Beamlet [1] is a single-beam high-energy Nd:glass laser used for backlighting high energy density (HED) plasma physics experiments at Sandia's Z-accelerator facility. The system currently generates a single backlit image per experiment, and has been employed on approximately 50% of Z-accelerator system shots in recent years. We have designed and are currently building a system that uses Z-Beamlet to generate two distinct backlit images with adjustable time delay ranging from 2 to 20ns between frames. The new system will double the rate of data collection and allow the temporal evolution of high energy density phenomena to be recorded on a single shot. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Caird, JA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-470, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM caird@llnl.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 943 EP 949 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133190 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900190 ER PT J AU Dauffy, LS Lerche, RA Schmid, GJ Koch, JA Silbernagel, C AF Dauffy, L. S. Lerche, R. A. Schmid, G. J. Koch, J. A. Silbernagel, C. TI Recovery of CVD diamond detectors using laser double pulses SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom AB A 5 x 0.25 mm Chemical Vapor Deposited (CVD) diamond detector, with a voltage bias of +250V, was excited by a 400 nm laser (3.1 eV photons) in order to study the saturation of the wafer and its associated electronics. In a first experiment, the laser beam energy was increased from a few tens of a pJ to about 100 mu J, and the signal from the diamond was recorded until full saturation of the detection system was achieved. Clear saturation of the detection system was observed at about 40V, which corresponds with the expected saturation at 10% of the applied bias (250V). The results indicate that the interaction mechanism of the 3.1 eV photons in the diamond (E-bandgap 5.45 eV) is not a multi-photon process but is linked to the impurities and defects of the crystal. In a second experiment, the detector was irradiated by a saturating first laser pulse and then by a delayed laser pulse of equal or smaller amplitude with delays of 5, 10, and 20ns. The results suggest that the diamond and associated electronics recover within 10 to 20ns after a strong saturating pulse. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Bechtel Nevada Calibrat Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Dauffy, LS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-399, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 951 EP 953 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133191 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900191 ER PT J AU Kemp, AJ Sentoku, Y Cowan, TE Sotnikov, V Wilks, SC AF Kemp, A. J. Sentoku, Y. Cowan, T. E. Sotnikov, V. Wilks, S. C. TI Modeling of ultra-fast ionization dynamics in intense short pulse laser-solid interaction SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom AB We investigate energy transfer from laser-generated hot electrons to thermal cold electrons in solid targets at relativistic laser intensities, using analytical methods and numerical particle simulations. We find that (1) there can be a competition between two interdependent processes, i.e. energy transfer via a collisionless Langmuir turbulence and binary Coulomb collisions, and (2) there can be a significant effect of collisions in slowing down or even completely suppressing Langmuir turbulence, depending on the plasma parameters of the background plasma. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno Nevada Terawatt Facil, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Kemp, AJ (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno Nevada Terawatt Facil, 5625 Fox Ave, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM kemp@physics.unr.edu; sentoku@physics.unr.edu; wilks1@llnl.gov RI Cowan, Thomas/A-8713-2011; Sentoku, Yasuhiko/P-5419-2014 OI Cowan, Thomas/0000-0002-5845-000X; NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 967 EP 971 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133194 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900194 ER PT J AU Tillack, MS Sequoia, KL O'Shay, J Back, CA Scott, HA AF Tillack, M. S. Sequoia, K. L. O'Shay, J. Back, C. A. Scott, H. A. TI Optimization of plasma uniformity in laser-irradiated underdense targets SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom AB We used the Hyades I I I and Helios [2] radiation-hydrodynamic simulation tools, and the Cretin atomic kinetics code [3] to model low-density SiO2 aerogel carriers doped with trace amounts of Ti and subjected to high-energy pulsed laser irradiation. Underdense targets are expected to respond to laser irradiation more uniformly as compared with solid targets, and therefore provide a better platform upon which to perform measurements of the properties of warm dense matter. We report modeling results for several cases of interest, with laser intensities in the range of 5 x 10(12)-6 x 10(13) W/CM2, SiO2 densities in the range of 2-8 mg/cm(3) and Ti doping in the range of 0-6%. Recommendations are given for the conditions under which relatively uniform temperature and density can be obtained. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94561 USA. RP Tillack, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM mtillack@ucsd.edu; tinaback@llnl.gov NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 985 EP 988 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133198 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900198 ER PT J AU Rosen, PA Foster, JM Williams, RJR Wilde, BH Coker, RF Blue, B Perry, TS Hartigan, P Drake, RP Dannenberg, K Khokhlov, AM Frank, A Knauer, JP AF Rosen, P. A. Foster, J. M. Williams, R. J. R. Wilde, B. H. Coker, R. F. Blue, B. Perry, T. S. Hartigan, P. Drake, R. P. Dannenberg, K. Khokhlov, A. M. Frank, A. Knauer, J. P. TI Laboratory-astrophysics jet experiments at the Omega laser facility SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR; TRANSITION; FUSION; FLOWS AB Supersonic collimated jets are ubiquitous phenomena in astrophysics. Detailed information about astrophysical jets has traditionally come only from telescopes, theoretical analysis and numerical, resolution-limited, computer simulations which may not include all relevant physical processes. However, large high-energy-density facilities, such as the University of Rochester's Omega laser, now allow laboratory experiments on macroscopic volumes of plasma of relevance to astrophysics, and we use the laser to study the hydrodynamics of supersonic jets and bow shocks, with the aim of increasing understanding of astrophysical jets. We present results of an experiment in which a high-Mach-number, high-Reynolds-number millimeter-sized jet is formed by hohraum-driven radiation ablation of a 125-mu m-thickness titanium foil mounted over a 700-pm-thickness titanium washer with a central, cylindrical hole. Some of the resulting shocked titanium expands, cools, and accelerates through the vacuum region (the hole in the washer) and then enters a cylinder of low-density foam as a jet. The jet is imaged using pinhole-apertured point-projection radiography. Such complex experimental data provide a challenge for both astrophysical and laser-plasma hydrocodes. Although the high Reynolds number of the jet suggests that turbulence should develop, this behaviour cannot be reliably modelled by present, resolution-limited simulations. In addition to experimental results, we present data from 2D simulations which include the use of sub-grid-scale mix models. C1 Atom Weapons Estab, Reading RG 4PR, Berks, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Rosen, PA (reprint author), Atom Weapons Estab, Bldg E3, Reading RG 4PR, Berks, England. EM paula.rosen@awe.co.uk; blue3@llnl.gov RI Drake, R Paul/I-9218-2012; Williams, Robin/H-1637-2011; Perry, Theodore/K-3333-2014 OI Drake, R Paul/0000-0002-5450-9844; Williams, Robin/0000-0002-0486-0580; Perry, Theodore/0000-0002-8832-2033 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 1019 EP 1023 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133206 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900206 ER PT J AU Clerouin, J Mazevet, S AF Clerouin, J. Mazevet, S. TI Exploring warm dense matter using quantum molecular dynamics SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom ID CONDUCTION; EQUATION AB For dense plasmas produced in shock experiments, the influence of the media on the isolated atomic properties can no longer be treated as a perturbation and conventional atomic physics approaches usually fail. Recently, quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) has been used to successfully predict static, dynamical and optical properties in this regime within the framework of a first principle method. In this short report, we illustrate the usefulness of the method for dense plasmas with a few selected examples: the equation of state of liquid deuterium, the electrical properties of expanded metals, the optical properties of shocked insulators, and the interaction of femto-second lasers with gold thin films. C1 CEA, DIF, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Clerouin, J (reprint author), CEA, DIF, BP 12, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. EM jean.clerouin@cea.fr RI Clerouin, jean/D-8528-2015 OI Clerouin, jean/0000-0003-2144-2759 NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 1071 EP 1075 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133217 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900217 ER PT J AU Udrea, S Shilkin, N Varentsov, D Tahir, NA Bock, R Constantin, C Dewald, E Fortov, VE Hoffmann, DHH Jacoby, J Kulish, M Lomonosov, I Mintsev, V Ni, P Nikolaev, D Shutov, A AF Udrea, S. Shilkin, N. Varentsov, D. Tahir, N. A. Bock, R. Constantin, C. Dewald, E. Fortov, V. E. Hoffmann, D. H. H. Jacoby, J. Kulish, M. Lomonosov, I. Mintsev, V. Ni, P. Nikolaev, D. Shutov, A. TI Electrical resistivity of high energy density matter generated by high intensity heavy ion beams SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom AB Development of new diagnostic techniques allowed, during the past few years, for a first series of measurements on the electrical resistivity of heavy ion beam generated high energy density (HED) matter. The experimental investigations have been carried out at the HHT laboratory of the Plasma Physics Department of the Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt. In this report we review the results of these experiments and discuss future experimental and theoretical work planned to be carried out within the framework of the HEDgeHOB collaboration for precise determination of the electrical resistivity of HIED matter. C1 Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Nucl Phys, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. Inst Problems Chem Phys, Chernogolovka, Russia. Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, Darmstadt, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Lawrence, KS USA. Inst High Energy Densit, Moscow, Russia. Univ Frankfurt, Inst Appl Phys, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. RP Udrea, S (reprint author), Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Nucl Phys, Petersenstr 30, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. EM S.Udrea@gsi.de; d.varentsov@gsi.de; n.tahir@gsi.de; d.hoffmann@gsi.de; p.ni@gsi.de RI Hoffmann, Dieter H.H./A-5265-2008; Shilkin, Nikolay/B-1429-2013; Mintsev, Victor/L-2029-2013; Lomonosov, Igor/F-1217-2011 OI Shilkin, Nikolay/0000-0001-9591-7599; Lomonosov, Igor/0000-0003-0083-7727 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 1089 EP 1091 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133221 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900221 ER PT J AU Flippo, KA Hegelich, BM Schmitt, MJ Meserole, CA Fisher, GL Gautier, DC Cobble, JA Johnson, R Letzring, S Schreiber, J Schollmeier, M Fernandez, JC AF Flippo, K. A. Hegelich, B. M. Schmitt, M. J. Meserole, C. A. Fisher, G. L. Gautier, D. C. Cobble, J. A. Johnson, R. Letzring, S. Schreiber, J. Schollmeier, M. Fernandez, J. C. TI Ultrashort-laser-produced heavy ion generation via target laser-ablation cleaning SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom ID FAST IGNITION; PROTON-BEAMS; ELECTRON; PULSES AB It has become apparent in the last few years that the surface contamination on laser-acceleration targets is a major impediment to the acceleration of the actual target ions. To this end we have performed experiments at the Los Alamos Trident Laser facility using one arm of the Trident laser at 150 ps to ablatively clean targets that are subsequently irradiated by the Trident TW Short-pulse arm to accelerate the bulk target ions to high energies. The 150 ps ablation pulse rids the rear of the target of its omnipresent surface contamination layer allowing the short-pulse to illuminate the target and accelerate ions via the Target Normal Sheath Acceleration (TNSA) mechanism. Our experimental results are compared to the LASNEX code to validate and improve our predictive capabilities for future acceleration experiments. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. LMU, Munich, Germany. Tech Univ Darmstadt, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Flippo, KA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kflippo@lanl.gov; hegelich@lanl.gov; cobble@lanl.gov; joerg.schreiber@mpq.mpg.de; juanc@lanl.gov RI Fernandez, Juan/H-3268-2011; Schollmeier, Marius/H-1056-2012; Flippo, Kirk/C-6872-2009; OI Fernandez, Juan/0000-0002-1438-1815; Schollmeier, Marius/0000-0002-0683-022X; Flippo, Kirk/0000-0002-4752-5141; Schmitt, Mark/0000-0002-0197-9180 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 1117 EP 1122 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133227 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900227 ER PT J AU Vesey, RA Cuneo, ME Bennett, GR Porter, JL Mehlhorn, TA AF Vesey, R. A. Cuneo, M. E. Bennett, G. R. Porter, J. L. Mehlhorn, T. A. TI Validation of Z-pinch double-ended hohlraum energetics and capsule coupling models using Z data SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom ID DRIVEN HOHLRAUM; POWER; SYMMETRY AB The pulsed-power driven double-ended vacuum hohlraum allows highly symmetric capsule implosions, aided by the separation of the capsule from the z-pinch and its associated instabilities, spatial variations, and non-thermal spectral components. Experiments on Sandia National Laboratories' Z facility in a single-sided power feed configuration have been limited thus far to capsule drive temperatures of 75 eV or less. Nonetheless, these experiments have validated the hohlraurn energetics, hohlraum coupling, and capsule coupling properties of this configuration. Implosion capsules and symmetry diagnostic capsules have provided a wealth of capsule energetics data in the form of implosion trajectories for comparison to simulation. These measurements have been compared to detailed two-dimensional Lasnex hohlraum simulations, which model the hohlraum radiation transport including the effects of z-pinch source motion as well as hohlraum absorption/re-emission and wall plasma motion. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Vesey, RA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ravesey@sandia.gov; jlporter@sandia.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 1167 EP 1172 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133238 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900238 ER PT J AU Back, CA Seely, JF Weaver, JL Feldman, U Tommasini, R Glendinning, SG Chung, HK Rosen, M Lee, RW Scott, HA Tillack, M Kilkenny, JD AF Back, C. A. Seely, J. F. Weaver, J. L. Feldman, U. Tommasini, R. Glendinning, S. G. Chung, H. -K. Rosen, M. Lee, R. W. Scott, H. A. Tillack, M. Kilkenny, J. D. TI Underdense radiation sources: Moving towards longer wavelengths SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom ID LASER-PRODUCED PLASMAS AB Underdense radiation sources have been developed to provide efficient laboratory multi-keV radiation sources for radiography and radiation hardening studies. In these plasmas laser absorption by inverse bremsstrahlung leads to high x-ray conversion efficiency because of efficient ionization of the low density aerogel or gas targets. Now we performing experiments in the soft x-ray energy regime where the atomic physics models are much more complicated. In recent experiments at the NIKE laser, we have irradiated a Ti-doped SiO2 aerogel with up to 1650J of 248 nm wavelength light. The absolute Ti L-shell emission in the 200-800 eV range is measured with a diagnostic that uses a transmission grating coupled to Si photodiodes. We will give an overview of the temporally-resolved absolutely calibrated spectra obtained over a range of conditions. Eventually we hope to extend our studies to x-ray production in the EUV range. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Back, CA (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM tinaback@llnl.gov; tommasini2@llnl.gov; rwlee@berkeley.edu; mtillack@ucsd.edu RI Tommasini, Riccardo/A-8214-2009 OI Tommasini, Riccardo/0000-0002-1070-3565 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 1173 EP 1175 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133239 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900239 ER PT J AU Schneider, MB Hinkel, DE Young, BK Holder, JP Langdon, AB Baldis, HA Bahr, R Bower, DE Bruns, HC Campbell, KM Celeste, JR Compson, S Constantin, CG Dewald, EL Dixit, SN Eckart, MJ Eder, DC Edwards, MJ Ellis, AD Emig, JA Froula, DH Glebov, V Glenzer, SH Hargrove, D Haynam, CA Heeter, RF Henesian, MA Holtmeier, G James, DL Jancaitis, KS Kalantar, DH Kamperschroer, JH Kauffman, RL Kimbrough, J Kirkwood, R Koniges, AE Landen, OL Landon, M Lee, FD MacGowan, BJ Mackinnon, AJ Manes, KR Marshall, C May, MJ McDonald, JW Menapace, J Moon, SJ Moses, EI Munro, DH Murray, JR Niemann, C Pellinen, D Piston, K Power, GD Rekow, V Roberts, S Ruppe, JA Schein, J Seka, W Shepherd, R Singh, MS Sorce, C Springer, PT Still, CH Stoeckl, C Suter, LJ Tietbohl, GL Turner, RE Van Wonterghem, BM Wallace, RJ Warrick, A Watts, P Weber, F Wegner, PJ Williams, EA Young, PE AF Schneider, M. B. Hinkel, D. E. Young, B. K. Holder, J. P. Langdon, A. B. Baldis, H. A. Bahr, R. Bower, D. E. Bruns, H. C. Campbell, K. M. Celeste, J. R. Compson, S. Constantin, C. G. Dewald, E. L. Dixit, S. N. Eckart, M. J. Eder, D. C. Edwards, M. J. Ellis, A. D. Emig, J. A. Froula, D. H. Glebov, V. Glenzer, S. H. Hargrove, D. Haynam, C. A. Heeter, R. F. Henesian, M. A. Holtmeier, G. James, D. L. Jancaitis, K. S. Kalantar, D. H. Kamperschroer, J. H. Kauffman, R. L. Kimbrough, J. Kirkwood, R. Koniges, A. E. Landen, O. L. Landon, M. Lee, F. D. MacGowan, B. J. Mackinnon, A. J. Manes, K. R. Marshall, C. May, M. J. McDonald, J. W. Menapace, J. Moon, S. J. Moses, E. I. Munro, D. H. Murray, J. R. Niemann, C. Pellinen, D. Piston, K. Power, G. D. Rekow, V. Roberts, S. Ruppe, J. A. Schein, J. Seka, W. Shepherd, R. Singh, M. S. Sorce, C. Springer, P. T. Still, C. H. Stoeckl, C. Suter, L. J. Tietbohl, G. L. Turner, R. E. Van Wonterghem, B. M. Wallace, R. J. Warrick, A. Watts, P. Weber, F. Wegner, P. J. Williams, E. A. Young, P. E. TI X-ray flux and X-ray burnthrough experiments on reduced-scale targets at the NIF and OMEGA lasers SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Biarritz, FRANCE SP Univ of Bordeaux, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY AB An experimental campaign to maximize radiation drive in small-scale hohlraums has been carried out at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at the Lawerence Livermore National Laboratory (Livermore, CA, USA) and at the OMEGA laser at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics (Rochester, NY, USA). The small-scale hohlraums, laser energy, laser pulse, and diagnostics were similar at both facilities but the geometries were very different. The NIF experiments used on-axis laser beams whereas the OMEGA experiments used 19 beams in three beam cones. In the cases when the lasers coupled well and produced similar radiation drive, images of x-ray burnthrough and laser deposition indicate the pattern of plasma filling is very different. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Bechtel Nevada Corp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Schneider, MB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM schneider5@llnl.gov; hinkel1@llnl.gov; habaldis@ucdavis.edu; dixit1@lln.gov; deder@llnl.gov; froula1@linl.gov; koniges@llnl.gov; landen1@llnl.gov; macgowan@llnl.gov; mcdonald6@llnl.gov; niemann1@llnl.gov; schein2@llnl.gov; suter1@llnl.gov; turner12@llnl.gov RI MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014 OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2006 VL 133 BP 1205 EP 1208 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006133247 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 066KS UT WOS:000239228900247 ER PT J AU Bernier, JV Miller, MP AF Bernier, JV Miller, MP TI A direct method for the determination of the mean orientation-dependent elastic strains and stresses in polycrystalline materials from strain pole figures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID TEXTURE ANALYSIS; LATTICE STRAINS; RESIDUAL-STRESS; GRAIN; REPRESENTATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; BULK AB A salient manifestation of anisotropy in the mechanical response of polycrystalline materials is the inhomogeneous partitioning of elastic strains over the aggregate. For bulk samples, the distributions of these intergranular strains are expected to have a strong functional dependence on grain orientations. It is then useful to formulate a mean lattice strain distribution function (LSDF) over the orientation space, which serves to characterize the micromechanical state of the aggregate. Orientation-dependent intergranular stresses may be recovered from the LSDF via a constitutive assumption, such as anisotropic linear elasticity. While the LSDF may be determined directly from simulation data, its experimental determination relies on solving an inverse problem that is similar in character to the fundamental problem of texture analysis. In this paper, a versatile and robust direct method for determining an LSDF from strain pole figures is presented. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated using synthetic strain pole figures from a model LSDF obtained from the simulated uniaxial deformation of a 1000-crystal aggregate. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Bernier, JV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jvb7@cornell.edu NR 39 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 39 BP 358 EP 368 DI 10.1107/S0021889806009873 PN 3 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 041MX UT WOS:000237461400008 ER PT J AU Marquis, EA Talin, AA Kelly, JJ Goods, SH Michael, JR AF Marquis, EA Talin, AA Kelly, JJ Goods, SH Michael, JR TI Effects of current density on the structure of Ni and Ni-Mn electrodeposits SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE atom probe tomography; electrodeposition; microstructure; Ni; Ni-Mn; sulfamate bath; texture ID MICROSYSTEM APPLICATIONS; NICKEL-MANGANESE; ALLOY AB Grain size and texture of Ni electrodeposited from sulfamate baths depend greatly on current density. Increasing grain size is observed with increasing current density and the deposit texture changes from (110) at current densities lower than 5 mA cm(-2) to (100) for higher current densities. Co-deposition of Mn modifies the deposit structure by favoring the growth of the (110) texture and decreasing the average grain size even as the current density increases. While the average Mn film content increases with increasing current density, local Mn concentrations are a more complex function of deposition parameters, as indicated by atom probe tomography measurements. In both direct-current plated and pulse plated films, large variations on a nanometer scale in local Mn concentration are observed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Marquis, EA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM emarqui@sandia.gov RI Marquis, Emmanuelle/O-5647-2014 OI Marquis, Emmanuelle/0000-0002-6476-2835 NR 14 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-891X J9 J APPL ELECTROCHEM JI J. Appl. Electrochem. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 36 IS 6 BP 669 EP 676 DI 10.1007/s10800-006-9119-x PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 044FM UT WOS:000237657800007 ER PT J AU Fast, JD Allwine, KJ Dietz, RN Clawson, KL Torcolini, JC AF Fast, JD Allwine, KJ Dietz, RN Clawson, KL Torcolini, JC TI Dispersion of perfluorocarbon tracers within the Salt Lake Valley during VTMX 2000 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NOCTURNAL BOUNDARY-LAYER; MOUNTAIN BASIN COMPLEX; LOW-LEVEL JET; STABLE CONDITIONS; TURBULENCE; FLOWS; DIFFUSION; TRANSPORT; CAMPAIGN; RAMS AB Six perfluorocarbon tracer experiments were conducted in Salt Lake City, Utah, during October 2000 as part of the Vertical Transport and Mixing ( VTMX) field campaign. Four tracers were released at different sites to obtain information on dispersion during stable conditions within down-valley flow, canyon outflow, and interacting circulations in the downtown area. Some of the extensive tracer data that were collected are presented in the context of the meteorological field campaign measurements. Tracer measurements at building-top sites in the downtown area and along the lower slopes of the Wasatch Front indicated that vertical mixing processes transported material up to at least 180 m above the valley floor, although model simulations suggest that tracers were transported upward to much higher elevations. Tracer data provided evidence of downward mixing of canyon outflow, upward mixing within down-valley flow, horizontal transport above the surface stable layer, and transport within horizontal eddies produced by the interaction of canyon and down-valley flows. Although point meteorological measurements are useful in evaluating the forecasts produced by mesoscale models, the tracer data provide valuable information on how the time-varying three-dimensional mean and turbulent motions over urban and valley spatial scales affect dispersion. Although the mean tracer transport predicted by the modeling system employed in this study was qualitatively similar to the measurements, improvements are needed in the treatment of turbulent vertical mixing. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Fast, JD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,K9-30, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jerome.fast@pnl.gov RI Clawson, Kirk/C-5910-2016 OI Clawson, Kirk/0000-0002-8789-9607 NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 45 IS 6 BP 793 EP 812 DI 10.1175/JAM2371.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 057FD UT WOS:000238580800001 ER PT J AU Angadi, MA Watanabe, T Bodapati, A Xiao, XC Auciello, O Carlisle, JA Eastman, JA Keblinski, P Schelling, PK Phillpot, SR AF Angadi, MA Watanabe, T Bodapati, A Xiao, XC Auciello, O Carlisle, JA Eastman, JA Keblinski, P Schelling, PK Phillpot, SR TI Thermal transport and grain boundary conductance in ultrananocrystalline diamond thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; PHONON-SCATTERING; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; CONDUCTIVITY; SILICON; SIMULATION AB Although diamond has the highest known room temperature thermal conductivity, k similar to 2200 W/m K, highly sp(3) amorphous carbon films have k < 15 W/m K. We carry out an integrated experimental and simulation study of thermal transport in ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films. The experiments show that UNCD films with a grain size of 3-5 nm have thermal conductivities as high as k=12 W/m K at room temperature, comparable with that of the most conductive amorphous diamond films. This value corresponds to a grain boundary (Kapitza) conductance greater than 3000 MW/m(2) K, which is ten times larger than that previously seen in any material. Our simulations of both UNCD and individual diamond grain boundaries yield values for the grain boundary conductance consistent with the experimentally obtained value, leading us to conclude that thermal transport in UNCD is controlled by the intrinsic properties of the grain boundaries. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Adv Mat Proc & Anal Ctr, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Phillpot, SR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM sphil@mse.ufl.edu RI Watanabe, Taku/C-7137-2011; Eastman, Jeffrey/E-4380-2011; Phillpot, Simon/J-9117-2012; OI Watanabe, Taku/0000-0002-7948-7573; Phillpot, Simon/0000-0002-7774-6535; Eastman, Jeff/0000-0002-0847-4265 NR 36 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 6 U2 36 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 11 AR 114301 DI 10.1063/1.2199974 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 053OQ UT WOS:000238314900080 ER PT J AU Berghout, HL Son, SF Hill, LG Asay, BW AF Berghout, HL Son, SF Hill, LG Asay, BW TI Flame spread through cracks of PBX 9501 (a composite octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine-based explosive) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAS PERMEATION; COMBUSTION; GAPS AB Recent experiments involving combustion of PBX 9501 [a plastic-bonded high explosive composed of 95% octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) by weight in a plasticized, estane-based binder] under confined conditions underscore the importance of cracks and flaws in reaction violence. The presence of a small void space or alternative escape path for combustion gases at the closed end of a crack drastically alters combustion violence. In the case of a true closed-ended crack, where gases can only escape by exiting the open end of the crack, luminous combustion spreads through the closed crack at relatively low rates in the range of a few meters per second, regardless of the pressure external to the slot. Hence, external pressure determines whether reaction can progress into the restricted dimensions of the slot, but it does not necessarily determine the dynamics of the flame's progress in the slot. When an alternative combustion-gas escape path is available at the closed end of the slot, luminous combustion spreads through the crack at hundreds of meters per second. Additionally, combustion in cracks of confined PBX 9501 materials exhibits oscillatory behavior with a frequency of about 1000 Hz for the experimental configuration used. This oscillatory behavior resembles combustion instabilities observed in rocket motors and may arise from similar processes. We also report on preliminary experiments involving 19.1 cm long slots in confined PBX 9501, which have produced very high flame-propagation rates of 1500 m/s. C1 Weber State Univ, Dept Chem, Ogden, UT 84408 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Berghout, HL (reprint author), Weber State Univ, Dept Chem, Ogden, UT 84408 USA. EM hlberghout@weber.edu OI Son, Steven/0000-0001-7498-2922 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 11 AR 114901 DI 10.1063/1.2196219 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 053OQ UT WOS:000238314900118 ER PT J AU Gregg, BA Gledhill, SE Scott, B AF Gregg, Brian A. Gledhill, Sophie E. Scott, Brian TI Can true space-charge-limited currents be observed in pi-conjugated polymers? SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTORS; FILMS; CELLS AB The observation of space-charge-limited (SCL) currents in hole conductors requires that the hole density injected at the electrode, p(inj), overwhelm the bulk free hole density p(f). It also requires that any mobile ion density n(ion) be insignificant. SCL currents are often claimed in amorphous films of pi-conjugated polymers. However, we estimate p(f) in poly(p-phenylene-vinylene) derivatives from the conductivities and carrier mobilities as 10(17)-10(19) cm(-3) and show that even if n(ion)=0, the currents in pi-conjugated polymers are often better described as Poole-Frenkel (PF) currents. When n(ion)> 0, even the PF model is an oversimplification. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gregg, BA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM brian_gregg@nrel.gov RI Gledhill, Sophie/J-8097-2013 OI Gledhill, Sophie/0000-0003-3907-8801 NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 11 AR 116104 DI 10.1063/1.2201859 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 053OQ UT WOS:000238314900129 ER PT J AU Gustavsen, RL Sheffield, SA Alcon, RR AF Gustavsen, RL Sheffield, SA Alcon, RR TI Measurements of shock initiation in the tri-amino-tri-nitro-benzene based explosive PBX 9502: Wave forms from embedded gauges and comparison of four different material lots SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EQUATION; VIRGIN; STATE AB We have completed a series of ambient temperature (23 +/- 2 degrees C) shock initiation experiments on four lots (batches) of the insensitive high explosive PBX 9502. PBX 9502 consists by weight of 95% dry-aminated tri-amino-tri-nitro-benzene (TATB) and 5% of the plastic binder Kel-F 800, a 3/1 copolymer of chloro-trifluoro-ethylene and vinylidene-fluoride. Two of the four lots were manufactured using the "virgin" process. Both of these lots had few fine TATB particles. One virgin lot was stored the majority of its life (> 15 yr) as a molding powder and pressed as a 240 mm diameter by 130 mm thick cylinder. The other virgin lot was stored the majority of its life as a hollow hemispherical pressing. Two lots were manufactured using the "recycle" process and had many fine TATB particles. One recycled lot was stored the majority of its life as a molding powder, while the other was stored as a pressed charge. Shock initiation experiments were performed using precisely characterized planar shocks generated by impacting an explosive sample with a projectile accelerated in a two-stage gas gun. The evolution of the shock into a detonation was measured using 10 or 11 embedded electromagnetic particle velocity gauges and three "shock tracker" gauges. Results include the following: (1) high quality particle velocity wave forms which should be useful for calibrating reactive burn models, (2) no difference in the sustained shock initiation response between lots regardless of material processing or storage history, (3) responses for all lots equivalent to those measured by Dick [J. Appl. Phys. 63, 4881 (1988)], additional Hugoniot and Pop-plot data for PBX 9502, and (5) the short shock response which, when compared to the sustained shock response, shows no extension in the run distance unless the rarefaction overtakes the shock front prior to the distance it would have run towards a detonation as a sustained shock. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Gustavsen, RL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop P952, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM rgus@lanl.gov OI Gustavsen, Richard/0000-0002-2281-2742 NR 52 TC 32 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 11 AR 114907 DI 10.1063/1.2195191 PG 17 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 053OQ UT WOS:000238314900124 ER PT J AU Hsueh, CH Miranda, P Becher, PF AF Hsueh, CH Miranda, P Becher, PF TI An improved correlation between impression and uniaxial creep SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TIN SINGLE-CRYSTALS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; INDENTATION; STRESSES AB A semiempirical correlation between impression and uniaxial creep has been established by Hyde [Int. J. Mech. Sci. 35, 451 (1993)] using finite element results for materials exhibiting general power-law creep with the stress exponent n in the range 2 <= n <= 15. Here, we derive the closed-form solution for a special case of viscoelastic materials, i.e., n=1, subjected to impression creep and obtain the exact correlation between impression and uniaxial creep. This analytical solution serves as a checkpoint for the finite element results. We then perform finite element analyses for the general case to derive a semiempirical correlation, which agrees well with both analytical viscoelastic results and the existing experimental data. Our improved correlation agrees with the correlation of Hyde for n >= 4, and the difference increases with decreasing n for n < 4. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Extremadura, Escuela Ingn Ind, Dept Elect & Ingn Electromecan, E-06071 Badajoz, Spain. RP Hsueh, CH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hsuehc@ornl.gov RI Miranda, Pedro/C-4465-2008; Hsueh, Chun-Hway/G-1345-2011 OI Miranda, Pedro/0000-0003-4348-110X; NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 11 AR 113513 DI 10.1063/1.2200727 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 053OQ UT WOS:000238314900029 ER PT J AU Ishimaru, M Omae, K Bae, IT Naito, M Hirotsu, Y Valdez, JA Sickafus, KE AF Ishimaru, M Omae, K Bae, IT Naito, M Hirotsu, Y Valdez, JA Sickafus, KE TI Formation process of beta-FeSi2/Si heterostructure in high-dose Fe ion implanted Si SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE; 1.5 MU-M; BEAM SYNTHESIS; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; SPUTTERING YIELD; CUBIC FESI2; SILICON; TEMPERATURE; LAYERS AB We have performed high-dose iron (Fe) ion implantation into a single crystalline silicon (Si) substrate in order to synthesize a beta-FeSi2/Si heterostructure. Si(001) substrates were implanted with 120 keV Fe ions at 623 K to a fluence of 4x10(17)/cm(2), followed by thermal annealing at temperatures ranging from 773 to 1073 K. Implantation-induced microstructures as well as annealing-induced ones were examined by means of x-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in combination with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Grazing-incidence XRD and cross-sectional TEM observations indicated that a continuous iron silicide layer consisting of epsilon-FeSi and beta-FeSi2 is formed in as-implanted samples. With increasing annealing temperature the epsilon-FeSi phase transformed into the beta-FeSi2 one, and finally a continuous beta-FeSi2 polycrystalline layer was formed on the topmost layer of the Si substrate. Pole figure XRD measurements revealed that the beta-FeSi2 crystallites are not randomly oriented but possess a preferred orientation. We discussed structural evolution upon thermal annealing as well as the damage recovery processes in high-dose Fe ion implanted Si. C1 Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, Ibaraki, Osaka 5670047, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ishimaru, M (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, Ibaraki, Osaka 5670047, Japan. EM ishimaru@sanken.osaka-u.ac.jp NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 11 AR 113527 DI 10.1063/1.2201729 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 053OQ UT WOS:000238314900043 ER PT J AU Musket, RG AF Musket, RG TI Extending ion-track lithography to the low-energy ion regime SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; LEXAN POLYCARBONATE; AR-40 IONS; ETCH RATE; DETECTORS; REGISTRATION; INSULATORS; THRESHOLD AB Ion tracking and ion-track lithography have been performed almost exclusively using ions with energies near or above the maximum in electronic stopping, which occurs at similar to 1 MeV/amu. In this paper, ion-track lithography using ions with energies well below this maximum is discussed. The results of etching ion tracks created in polycarbonate films by ions with energies just above the anticipated threshold for creating etchable latent tracks with cylindrical geometry have been examined. Low-energy neon and argon ions with 18-60 keV/amu and fluences of similar to 10(8) cm(-2) were used to examine the limits for producing useful, etchable tracks in polycarbonate films. By concentrating on the early stages of etching (i.e., similar to 20 nm < scanning electron microscopy hole diameter 7 kt) mimic man-made explosions in terms of range dependence, but offset in amplitude equivalent to similar to 20 km source altitudes. This is consistent with instrumental observations of fireballs and the expectation that larger meteoroids (greater than a few meters in diameter), should penetrate deeper into the atmosphere on average. Applying these new relationships to historical events, we find that the August 3, 1963 bolide detected infrasonically near the Prince Edward Islands off the coast of South Africa, previously estimated to have an energy of 1100 kt, may have had a much smaller energy of 266 90 kt. This energy revision brings the infrasonically determined Near Earth Object (NEO) influx rate into much better agreement with that determined more recently using satellite and telescopic survey data. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. Univ Western Ontario, Canada Res Chair Meteor Sci, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Atmospher Climate & Environm Dynam Meteorol Model, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Edwards, WN (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. EM wedwards@uwo.ca NR 53 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 EI 1879-1824 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 68 IS 10 BP 1136 EP 1160 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2006.02.010 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 065BM UT WOS:000239134400009 ER PT J AU Mavromatis, K Doyle, CK Lykidis, A Ivanova, N Francino, MP Chain, P Shin, M Malfatti, S Larimer, F Copeland, A Detter, JC Land, M Richardson, PM Yu, XJ Walker, DH McBride, JW Kyrpides, NC AF Mavromatis, K. Doyle, C. Kuyler Lykidis, A. Ivanova, N. Francino, M. P. Chain, P. Shin, M. Malfatti, S. Larimer, F. Copeland, A. Detter, J. C. Land, M. Richardson, P. M. Yu, X. J. Walker, D. H. McBride, J. W. Kyrpides, N. C. TI The genome of the obligately intracellular bacterium Ehrlichia canis reveals themes of complex membrane structure and immune evasion strategies SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN GLYCOSYLATION; TANDEM REPEATS; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ANALYSIS; ANAPLASMA-MARGINALE; RICKETTSIA-CONORII; MICROBIAL GENOMES; MULTIGENE FAMILY; ARP2/3 COMPLEX; GENE CLUSTERS; CHAFFEENSIS AB Ehrlichia canis, a small obligately intracellular, tick-transmitted, gram-negative, alpha-proteobacterium, is the primary etiologic agent of globally distributed canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. Complete genome sequencing revealed that the E. canis genome consists of a single circular chromosome of 1,315,030 bp predicted to encode 925 proteins, 40 stable RNA species, 17 putative pseudogenes, and a substantial proportion of noncoding sequence (27%). Interesting genome features include a large set of proteins with transmembrane helices and/or signal sequences and a unique serine-threonine bias associated with the potential for 0 glycosylation that was prominent in proteins associated with pathogen-host interactions. Furthermore, two paralogous protein families associated with immune evasion were identified, one of which contains poly(G-C) tracts, suggesting that they may play a role in phase variation and facilitation of persistent infections. Genes associated with pathogen-host interactions were identified, including a small group encoding proteins (n = 12) with tandem repeats and another group encoding proteins with eukaryote-like ankyrin domains (n = 7). C1 Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Ctr Biodef & Emerging Infect Dis, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Sealy Ctr Vaccine Dev, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mavromatis, K (reprint author), Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, 2800 Mitchell Dr, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM Kmavrommatis@lbl.gov RI Land, Miriam/A-6200-2011; chain, patrick/B-9777-2013; Francino, M. Pilar/H-9090-2015; Kyrpides, Nikos/A-6305-2014 OI Land, Miriam/0000-0001-7102-0031; Francino, M. Pilar/0000-0002-4510-5653; Kyrpides, Nikos/0000-0002-6131-0462 NR 67 TC 49 Z9 240 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 188 IS 11 BP 4015 EP 4023 DI 10.1128/JB.01837-05 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 047PZ UT WOS:000237892500029 PM 16707693 ER PT J AU Mukhopadhyay, A He, ZL Alm, EJ Arkin, AP Baidoo, EE Borglin, SC Chen, WQ Hazen, TC He, Q Holman, HY Huang, K Huang, R Joyner, DC Katz, N Keller, M Oeller, P Redding, A Sun, J Wall, J Wei, J Yang, ZM Yen, HC Zhou, JZ Keasling, JD AF Mukhopadhyay, A He, ZL Alm, EJ Arkin, AP Baidoo, EE Borglin, SC Chen, WQ Hazen, TC He, Q Holman, HY Huang, K Huang, R Joyner, DC Katz, N Keller, M Oeller, P Redding, A Sun, J Wall, J Wei, J Yang, ZM Yen, HC Zhou, JZ Keasling, JD TI Salt stress in Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough: An integrated genomics a pproach SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYNECHOCYSTIS SP PCC-6803; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENE-EXPRESSION; OSMOTIC-STRESS; HIGH-SALINITY; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; SHOTGUN PROTEOMICS; REDUCING BACTERIUM; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SULFATE REDUCTION AB The ability of Desullfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough to reduce, and therefore contain, toxic and radioactive metal waste has made all factors that affect the physiology of this organism of great interest. Increased salinity is an important and frequent fluctuation faced by D. vulgaris in its natural habitat. In liquid culture, exposure to excess salt resulted in striking elongation of D. vulgaris cells. Using data from transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolite assays, phospholipid fatty acid profiling, and electron microscopy, we used a systems approach to explore the effects of excess NaCl on D. vulgaris. In this study we demonstrated that import of osmoprotectants, such as glycine betaine and ectoine, is the primary mechanism used by D. vulgaris to counter hyperionic stress. Several efflux systems were also highly up-regulated, as was the ATP synthesis pathway. Increases in the levels of both RNA and DNA hellicases suggested that salt stress affected the stability of nucleic acid base pairing. An overall increase in the level of branched fatty acids indicated that there were changes in cell wall fluidity. The immediate response to salt stress included up-regulation of chemotaxis genes, although flagellar biosynthesis was down-regulated. Other down-regulated systems included lactate uptake permeases and ABC transport systems. The results of an extensive NaCl stress analysis were compared with microarray data from a KCl stress analysis, and unlike many other bacteria, D. vulgaris responded similarly to the two stresses. Integration of data from multiple methods allowed us to develop a conceptual model for the salt stress response in D. vulgaris that can be compared to those in other microorganisms. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Virtual Inst Microbial Stress & Survival, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Diversa Inc, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Keasling, JD (reprint author), Berkeley Ctr Synthet Biol, 717 Potter St, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM keasling@berkeley.edu RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008; He, Qiang/G-9061-2011; Keller, Martin/C-4416-2012; Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012; He, Zhili/C-2879-2012; Holman, Hoi-Ying/N-8451-2014; Borglin, Sharon/I-1013-2016; Hazen, Terry/C-1076-2012 OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931; He, Qiang/0000-0002-7155-6474; Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088; Holman, Hoi-Ying/0000-0002-7534-2625; Hazen, Terry/0000-0002-2536-9993 NR 62 TC 100 Z9 104 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 188 IS 11 BP 4068 EP 4078 DI 10.1128/JB.01921-05 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 047PZ UT WOS:000237892500034 PM 16707698 ER PT J AU Chain, PSG Hu, P Malfatti, SA Radnedge, L Larimer, F Vergez, LM Worsham, P Chu, MC Andersen, GL AF Chain, PSG Hu, P Malfatti, SA Radnedge, L Larimer, F Vergez, LM Worsham, P Chu, MC Andersen, GL TI Complete genome sequence of Yersinia pestis strains Antiqua and Nepal516: Evidence of gene reduction in an emerging pathogen SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELONGATION-FACTOR TU; ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; PLAGUE PANDEMICS; PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS; IDENTIFICATION; EVOLUTION; SYSTEM; DUPLICATION; SALMONELLA; ORIENTALIS AB Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of bubonic and pneumonic plagues, has undergone detailed study at the molecular level. To further investigate the genomic diversity among this group and to help characterize lineages of the plague organism that have no sequenced members, we present here the genomes of two isolates of the '' classical '' antiqua biovar, strains Antiqua and Nepal516. The genomes of Antiqua and Nepal516 are 4.7 Mb and 4.5 Mb and encode 4,138 and 3,956 open reading frames, respectively. Though both strains belong to one of the three classical biovars, they represent separate lineages defined by recent phylogenetic studies. We compare all five currently sequenced Y. pestis genomes and the corresponding features in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. There are strain-specific rearrangements, insertions, deletions, single nucleotide polymorphisms, and a unique distribution of insertion sequences. We found 453 single nucleotide polymorphisms in protein-coding regions, which were used to assess the evolutionary relationships of these Y. pestis strains. Gene reduction analysis revealed that the gene deletion processes are under selective pressure, and many of the inactivations are probably related to the organism's interaction with its host environment. The results 14 presented here clearly demonstrate the differences between the two biovar antiqua lineages and support the notion that grouping Y. pestis strains based strictly on the classical definition of biovars (predicated upon two biochemical assays) does not accurately reflect the phylogenetic relationships within this species. A comparison of four virulent Y. pestis strains with the human-avirulent strain 91001 provides further insight into the genetic basis of virulence to humans. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Andersen, GL (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 70A3317, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM GLAndersen@lbl.gov RI chain, patrick/B-9777-2013; Andersen, Gary/G-2792-2015 OI Andersen, Gary/0000-0002-1618-9827 NR 47 TC 100 Z9 1533 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 188 IS 12 BP 4453 EP 4463 DI 10.1128/JB.00124-06 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 051PV UT WOS:000238173900031 PM 16740952 ER PT J AU Gao, HC Yang, ZMK Wu, LY Thompson, DK Zhou, JZ AF Gao, HC Yang, ZMK Wu, LY Thompson, DK Zhou, JZ TI Global transcriptome analysis of the cold shock response of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and mutational analysis of its classical cold shock proteins SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNIVERSAL STRESS-PROTEIN; BURKHOLDERIA-XENOVORANS LB400; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; CSPA-FAMILY; DNA; TRANSLATION; TEMPERATURE; METABOLISM AB This study presents a global transcriptional analysis of the cold shock response of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 after a temperature downshift from 30 degrees C to 8 or 15 degrees C based on time series microarray experiments. More than 700 genes were found to be significantly affected (P <= 0.05) upon cold shock challenge, especially at 8 degrees C. The temporal gene expression patterns of the classical cold shock genes varied, and only some of them, most notably so1648 and so2787, were differentially regulated in response to a temperature downshift. The global response of S. oneidensis to cold shock was also characterized by the up-regulation of genes encoding membrane proteins, DNA metabolism and translation apparatus components, metabolic proteins, regulatory proteins, and hypothetical proteins. Most of the metabolic proteins affected are involved in catalytic processes that generate NADH or NADPH. Mutational analyses confirmed that the small cold shock proteins, So1648 and So2787, are involved in the cold shock response of S. oneidensis. The analyses also indicated that So1648 may function only at very low temperatures. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Inst Environm Genom, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Zhou, JZ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Inst Environm Genom, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM jzhou@ou.edu RI Gao, Haichun/A-2160-2014 NR 56 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 7 U2 18 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 188 IS 12 BP 4560 EP 4569 DI 10.1128/JB.01908-05 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 051PV UT WOS:000238173900041 PM 16740962 ER PT J AU Oehmen, CS Straatsma, TP Anderson, GA Orr, G Webb-Robertson, BJM Taylor, RC Mooney, RW Baxter, DJ Jones, DR Dixon, DA AF Oehmen, Christopher S. Straatsma, Tjerk P. Anderson, Gordon A. Orr, Galya Webb-Robertson, Bobbie-Jo M. Taylor, Ronald C. Mooney, Ryan W. Baxter, Doug J. Jones, Donald R. Dixon, David A. TI New challenges facing integrative biological science in the post-genomic era SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE computational biology; bioinformatics; data management; visualization; data analysis ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; DATABASE RESOURCES; NATIONAL-CENTER; INFORMATION; SEARCH; TOOL; BIOTECHNOLOGY; REDUCTION AB The future of biology will be increasingly driven by the fundamental paradigm shift from hypothesis-driven research to data-driven discovery research employing the growing Volume of biological data coupled to experimental testing of new discoveries. But hardware and software limitations in the current workflow infrastructure make it impossible or intractible to use real data from disparate sources for large-scale biological research. We identify key technological developments needed to enable this paradigm shift involving (1) the ability to store and manage extremely large datasets which are dispersed over a wide geographical area, (2) development of novel analysis and visualization tools which are capable of operating on enormous data resources without overwhelming researchers with unusable information, and (3) formalisms for integrating mathematical models of biosystems from the molecular level to the organism population level. This will require the development of algorithms and tools which efficiently utilize high-performance compute power and large storage infrastructures. The end result will be the ability of a researcher to integrate complex data from many different sources with simulations to analyze a given system at a wide range of temporal and spatial scales in a single conceptual model. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Oehmen, CS (reprint author), POB 999,MSIN K7-91, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Christopher.Oehmen@pnl.gov NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-3390 J9 J BIOL SYST JI J. Biol. Syst. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 14 IS 2 BP 275 EP 293 DI 10.1142/S0218339006001805 PG 19 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 051KG UT WOS:000238159400008 ER PT J AU Collins, WD Bitz, CM Blackmon, ML Bonan, GB Bretherton, CS Carton, JA Chang, P Doney, SC Hack, JJ Henderson, TB Kiehl, JT Large, WG McKenna, DS Santer, BD Smith, RD AF Collins, William D. Bitz, Cecilia M. Blackmon, Maurice L. Bonan, Gordon B. Bretherton, Christopher S. Carton, James A. Chang, Ping Doney, Scott C. Hack, James J. Henderson, Thomas B. Kiehl, Jeffrey T. Large, William G. McKenna, Daniel S. Santer, Benjamin D. Smith, Richard D. TI The Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ARCTIC SEA-ICE; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; NATIONAL-CENTER; THICKNESS DISTRIBUTION; AEROSOL DISTRIBUTIONS; DYNAMICAL CORE; SURFACE ALBEDO; ENERGY BUDGET; OCEAN; SIMULATION AB The Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) has recently been developed and released to the climate community. CCSM3 is a coupled climate model with components representing the atmosphere, ocean, sea ice, and land surface connected by a flux coupler. CCSM3 is designed to produce realistic simulations over a wide range of spatial resolutions, enabling inexpensive simulations lasting several millennia or detailed studies of continental-scale dynamics, variability, and climate change. This paper will show results from the configuration used for climate-change simulations with a T85 grid for the atmosphere and land and a grid with approximately 1 degrees resolution for the ocean and sea ice. The new system incorporates several significant improvements in the physical parameterizations. The enhancements in the model physics are designed to reduce or eliminate several systematic biases in the mean climate produced by previous editions of CCSM. These include new treatments of cloud processes, aerosol radiative forcing, land-atmosphere fluxes, ocean mixed layer processes, and sea ice dynamics. There are significant improvements in the sea ice thickness, polar radiation budgets, tropical sea surface temperatures, and cloud radiative effects. CCSM3 can produce stable climate simulations of millennial duration without ad hoc adjustments to the fluxes exchanged among the component models. Nonetheless, there are still systematic biases in the ocean-atmosphere fluxes in coastal regions west of continents, the spectrum of ENSO variability, the spatial distribution of precipitation in the tropical oceans, and continental precipitation and surface air temperatures. Work is under way to extend CCSM to a more accurate and comprehensive model of the earth's climate system. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Collins, WD (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM wcollins@ucar.edu RI carton, james/C-4807-2009; Santer, Benjamin/F-9781-2011; Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Chang, Ping /A-1642-2013; McKenna, Daniel/E-7806-2014; Collins, William/J-3147-2014; Bitz, Cecilia/S-8423-2016 OI carton, james/0000-0003-0598-5198; Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Chang, Ping /0000-0002-9085-0759; McKenna, Daniel/0000-0002-4360-4782; Collins, William/0000-0002-4463-9848; Bitz, Cecilia/0000-0002-9477-7499 NR 63 TC 1410 Z9 1441 U1 19 U2 174 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 19 IS 11 BP 2122 EP 2143 DI 10.1175/JCLI3761.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 051FY UT WOS:000238148200002 ER PT J AU Dickinson, RE Oleson, KW Bonan, G Hoffman, F Thornton, P Vertenstein, M Yang, ZL Zeng, XB AF Dickinson, Robert E. Oleson, Keith W. Bonan, Gordon Hoffman, Forrest Thornton, Peter Vertenstein, Mariana Yang, Zong-Liang Zeng, Xubin TI The Community Land Model and its climate statistics as a component of the Community Climate System Model SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE AIR-TEMPERATURE; AMAZONIAN RAIN-FOREST; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; GAUGE OBSERVATIONS; MODIS DATA; WATER; CIRCULATION; EVAPORATION; ATMOSPHERE AB Several multidecadal simulations have been carried out with the new version of the Community Climate System Model (CCSM). This paper reports an analysis of the land component of these simulations. Global annual averages over land appear to be within the uncertainty of observational datasets, but the seasonal cycle over land of temperature and precipitation appears to be too weak. These departures from observations appear to be primarily a consequence of deficiencies in the simulation of the atmospheric model rather than of the land processes. High latitudes of northern winter are biased sufficiently warm to have a significant impact on the simulated value of global land temperature. The precipitation is approximately doubled from what it should be at some locations, and the snowpack and spring runoff are also excessive. The winter precipitation over Tibet is larger than observed. About two-thirds of this precipitation is sublimated during the winter, but what remains still produces a snowpack that is very large compared to that observed with correspondingly excessive spring runoff. A large cold anomaly over the Sahara Desert and Sahel also appears to be a consequence of a large anomaly in downward longwave radiation; low column water vapor appears to be most responsible. The modeled precipitation over the Amazon basin is low compared to that observed, the soil becomes too dry, and the temperature is too warm during the dry season. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Dickinson, RE (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, 221 Bobby Dodd Way, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM robted@eas.gatech.edu RI Oleson, Keith/A-9328-2008; Yang, Zong-Liang/B-4916-2011; Thornton, Peter/B-9145-2012; Hoffman, Forrest/B-8667-2012; OI Thornton, Peter/0000-0002-4759-5158; Hoffman, Forrest/0000-0001-5802-4134; Zeng, Xubin/0000-0001-7352-2764 NR 55 TC 210 Z9 242 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 19 IS 11 BP 2302 EP 2324 DI 10.1175/JCLI3742.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 051FY UT WOS:000238148200011 ER PT J AU Gent, PR Bryan, FO Danabasoglu, G Lindsay, K Tsumune, D Hecht, MW Doney, SC AF Gent, Peter R. Bryan, Frank O. Danabasoglu, Gokhan Lindsay, Keith Tsumune, Daisuke Hecht, Matthew W. Doney, Scott C. TI Ocean chlorofluorocarbon and heat uptake during the twentieth century in the CCSM3 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE SYSTEM MODEL; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; SENSITIVITY; VENTILATION AB An ensemble of nine simulations for the climate of the twentieth century has been run using the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3). Three of these runs also simulate the uptake of chlorofluorocarbon-11 (CFC-11) into the ocean using the protocol from the Ocean Carbon Model Intercomparison Project (OCMIP). Comparison with ocean observations taken between 1980 and 2000 shows that the global CFC-11 uptake is simulated very well. However, there are regional biases, and these are used to identify where too much deep-water formation is occurring in the CCSM3. The differences between the three runs simulating CFC-11 uptake are also briefly documented. The variability in ocean heat content in the 1870 control runs is shown to be only a little smaller than estimates using ocean observations. The ocean heat uptake between 1957 and 1996 in the ensemble is compared to the recent observational estimates of the secular trend. The trend in ocean heat uptake is considerably larger than the natural variability in the 1870 control runs. The heat uptake down to 300 m between 1957 and 1996 varies by a factor of 2 across the ensemble. Some possible reasons for this large spread are discussed. There is much less spread in the heat uptake down to 3 km. On average, the CCSM3 twentieth-century ensemble runs take up 25% more heat than the recent estimate from ocean observations. Possible explanations for this are that the model heat uptake is calculated over the whole ocean, and not just in the regions where there are many observations and that there is no parameterization of the indirect effects of aerosols in CCSM3. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Chiba, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Gent, PR (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM gent@ucar.edu RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Bryan, Frank/I-1309-2016; OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Bryan, Frank/0000-0003-1672-8330; Hecht, Matthew/0000-0003-0946-4007 NR 21 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 19 IS 11 BP 2366 EP 2381 DI 10.1175/JCLI3758.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 051FY UT WOS:000238148200014 ER PT J AU Holland, MM Bitz, CM Hunke, EC Lipscomb, WH Schramm, JL AF Holland, Marika M. Bitz, Cecilia M. Hunke, Elizabeth C. Lipscomb, William H. Schramm, Julie L. TI Influence of the sea ice thickness distribution on polar climate in CCSM3 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; THERMODYNAMIC MODEL; ARCTIC-OCEAN; VARIABILITY; DYNAMICS; DEFORMATION; SIMULATIONS; SENSITIVITY; CAM3 AB The sea ice simulation of the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) T42-gx1 and T85-gx1 control simulations is presented and the influence of the parameterized sea ice thickness distribution (ITD) on polar climate conditions is examined. This includes an analysis of the change in mean climate conditions and simulated sea ice feedbacks when an ITD is included. It is found that including a representation of the subgrid-scale ITD results in larger ice growth rates and thicker sea ice. These larger growth rates represent a higher heat loss from the ocean ice column to the atmosphere, resulting in warmer surface conditions. Ocean circulation, most notably in the Southern Hemisphere, is also modified by the ITD because of the influence of enhanced high-latitude ice formation on the ocean buoyancy flux and resulting deep water formation. Changes in atmospheric circulation also result, again most notably in the Southern Hemisphere. There are indications that the ITD also modifies simulated sea ice-related feedbacks. In regions of similar ice thickness, the surface albedo changes at 2 X CO2 conditions are larger when an ITD is included, suggesting an enhanced surface albedo feedback. The presence of an ITD also modifies the ice thickness-ice strength relationship and the ice thickness-ice growth rate relationship, both of which represent negative feedbacks on ice thickness. The net influence of the ITD on polar climate sensitivity and variability results from the interaction of these and other complex feedback processes. C1 NCAR, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Fluid Dynam Grp MS B216 T 3, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Holland, MM (reprint author), NCAR, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM mholland@ucar.edu RI Bitz, Cecilia/S-8423-2016 OI Bitz, Cecilia/0000-0002-9477-7499 NR 40 TC 124 Z9 132 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 19 IS 11 BP 2398 EP 2414 DI 10.1175/JCLI3751.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 051FY UT WOS:000238148200016 ER PT J AU Nyman, M Alam, TM Bonhomme, F Rodriguez, MA Frazer, CS Welk, ME AF Nyman, May Alam, Todd M. Bonhomme, Francois Rodriguez, Mark A. Frazer, Colleen S. Welk, Margaret E. TI Solid-state structures and solution behavior of alkali salts of the [Nb6O19](8-) Lindqvist ion SO JOURNAL OF CLUSTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lindqvist ion; hexaniobate; polyoxoniobate chemistry; O-17 NMR ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; EQUILIBRIA; CATION; COMPLEXES; ANION AB The hexaniobate Lindqvist ion [Nb6O19](8-) has long been known as the dominant specie in alkaline niobium oxide solutions. Recent advances in heteropolyniobate chemistry continue to be greatly aided by use of [Nb6O19](8-) alkali salts as soluble precursors; in particular, potassium, sodium and lithium hexaniobate salts. We report here the solid-state characterization and solution behavior of Li, K, Rb and Cs Lindqvist [Nb6O19](8-) salts. Synthesis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction data is reported for nine new hexaniobate salts. These structures differ in the number of charge-balancing alkali cations, protonation of the clusters, relative arrangement of the Clusters and alkali metal cations, amount of lattice water and its mode of interaction with other lattice species. Trends of alkali-cluster bonding are observed as a function of alkali radius. Protonation of the clusters in the solid-state is influenced by the method of crystallization of the [Nb6O19](8-) salt. Lability of the cluster oxygens is observed by solution O-17 NMR experiments. Rates of isotopic enrichment of the bridging oxygen, terminal oxygen and bridging hydroxyl cluster sites are compared for aqueous solutions of Li, K. Rb and Cs hexaniobate salts. Parameters influencing the oxo-ligand exchange rates of the salts are discussed relative to their use as heteropolyniobate precursors. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nyman, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-0754, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mdnyman@sandia.gov NR 38 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 4 U2 55 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1040-7278 J9 J CLUST SCI JI J. Clust. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 17 IS 2 BP 197 EP 219 DI 10.1007/s10876-006-0049-x PG 23 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 059YB UT WOS:000238767000005 ER PT J AU Fielden, J Malaestean, YL Ellern, A Garcia-Serres, R Cronin, L Kogerler, P AF Fielden, John Malaestean, Yurii L. Ellern, Arkady Garcia-Serres, Ricardo Cronin, Leroy Kogerler, Paul TI Inducing molecular growth in an {Mo57Fe6}-type nanocluster: Synthesis, structure, and properties of {Mo-57(Mo)(2)Fe-6(III) SO JOURNAL OF CLUSTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE polyoxometalates; polyoxomolybdates; iron(III); self-assembly; molecular magnetism; Mossbauer spectroscopy ID BUILDING-BLOCKS; GIANT CLUSTER; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CENTERS; EXCHANGE; TOPOLOGY AB The reaction of the polyoxomolybdate anion [Mo-32(VI)(MoNO)(4)O-108(H2O)(16)](12-) = {Mo-36(NO)(4)} with Fell salts and hydrazine sulfate yields the cluster anion [Mo-51(V/IV)((MoO)-O-VI)(2)Fe-6(III) (MoNO)(6)O-176(OH)(3)(H2O)(22)](15-) (1a), isolated as its corresponding ammonium salt (NH4)(15)1a center dot 36H(2)O (1) (space group P6(3)/MMC, a = b = 23.607(5) angstrom c = 26.767(6) angstrom, 4076 unique reflections, 293 parameters). Despite the absence of oxygen and the reducing conditions the product comprises only Fe-III centers as determined by a combination of spectroscopic, magnetic and crystallographic analysis. Reduction of peripheral Mo centers causes the aggregation of two additional [(MoO)-O-VI](4+) groups onto the archetypal {Mo57M6} structure. The single-crystal X-ray determined structure of I is reported. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Phys, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Glasgow, Dept Chem, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. RP Kogerler, P (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM kogerler@ameslab.gov RI Cronin, Leroy/B-7752-2008; Garcia-Serres, Ricardo/E-4344-2012; Kogerler, Paul/H-5866-2013 OI Cronin, Leroy/0000-0001-8035-5757; Kogerler, Paul/0000-0001-7831-3953 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1040-7278 J9 J CLUST SCI JI J. Clust. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 17 IS 2 BP 291 EP 302 DI 10.1007/s10876-006-0053-1 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 059YB UT WOS:000238767000012 ER PT J AU Kurosawa, S James, SC Yui, M Ibaraki, M AF Kurosawa, S James, SC Yui, M Ibaraki, M TI Model analysis of the colloid and radionuclide retardation experiment at the Grimsel Test Site SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE radionuclide and colloid transport; in situ experiment; fractured media; model analysis; kinetic sorption reaction ID FACILITATED CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT; FRACTURED POROUS-MEDIA; 2-DIMENSIONAL FRACTURE; MIGRATION; ROCK; PARTICLES; BENTONITE; EXAMPLES; APERTURE AB The colloid and radionuclide retardation experiments performed at NAGRA's Grimsel Test Site in Switzerland are part of an international collaboration program designed to collect ill Situ data on the impacts of colloids oil radionuclide transport. In this work, breakthrough behaviors of trivalent americium (i.e., Am-241 and Am-243) both in the absence and presence of bentonite colloids are analyzed with COLFRAC-a code that models colloid-facilitated Solute transport in discretely-fractured, porous media. Model fits to the experimental results indicate that Am sorbed onto mobile colloids, which enhance Am transport relative to a non-sorbing tracer, I-131. Modelling results suggest that Am is kinetically sorbed onto both naturally Occurring and exogenous bentonite colloids. Results also indicate that desorption of Am from colloids is slow with respect to the duration of the experiment. In addition, early colloid breakthrough compared to a conservative tracer suggests the effects of hydrodynamic chromatography. Overall, Am breakthrough curves suggest enhanced mobility due to co-transport with both naturally occurring and bentonite colloids. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191194, Japan. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Kurosawa, S (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191194, Japan. EM kurosawa.susumu@jaea.go.jp OI James, Scott/0000-0001-7955-0491 NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 298 IS 1 BP 467 EP 475 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.12.036 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 040SB UT WOS:000237399600054 PM 16427070 ER PT J AU Man, CS Paroni, R Xiang, Y Kenik, EA AF Man, CS Paroni, R Xiang, Y Kenik, EA TI On the geometric autocorrelation function of polycrystalline materials SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Mathematics and Its Applications CY MAY 28-31, 2004 CL City Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA HO City Univ Hong Kong DE polycrystalline materials; geometric autocorrelation function; orientation imaging microscopy; elastic waves; attenuation ID ELASTIC-WAVE-PROPAGATION; SCATTERING; MEDIA; CONSTANTS AB Herein we derive an expression for direct determination of the geometric autocorrelation function W of a polycrystalline material from images of its grain boundary network (e.g., those delivered by orientation imaging microscopy). We also obtain an identity that relates the mean linear intercept function to a directional derivative of the geometric autocorrelation function. These formulae were applied to examine whether a widely-used formula for W, particularly in theoretical studies of attenuation of elastic waves in polycrystalline media, would be valid for the grain boundary structure of a commercial aluminum alloy. The conclusion was negative. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Math, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Univ Sassari, Dipartimento Architettura & Pianificaz, I-07041 Alghero, Italy. Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Man, CS (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Math, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM mclxyh@ms.uky.edu RI Man, Chi-Sing/E-4794-2011; Paroni, Roberto/I-7898-2012 OI Man, Chi-Sing/0000-0001-9166-2832; NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0427 J9 J COMPUT APPL MATH JI J. Comput. Appl. Math. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 190 IS 1-2 BP 200 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.cam.2005.01.044 PG 11 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 019QG UT WOS:000235851200015 ER PT J AU Fedorov, DG Kitaura, K Li, H Jensen, JH Gordon, MS AF Fedorov, DG Kitaura, K Li, H Jensen, JH Gordon, MS TI The polarizable continuum model (PCM) interfaced with the fragment molecular orbital method (FMO) SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fragment molecular orbital; FMO; polarizable continuum model; PCM; GAMESS; parallel; GDDI; protein ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SOLVATION; ENERGIES; PROTEIN; COMPUTATION; SCHEME AB The polarizable continuum model (PCM) for the description of solvent effects is combined with the fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method at several levels of theory, using a many-body expansion of the electron density and the corresponding electrostatic potential, thereby determining solute (FMO)-solvent (PCM) interactions. The resulting method, denoted FMO/PCM, is applied to a set of model systems, including a-helices and P-strands of alanine consisting of 10, 20, and 40 residues and their mutants to charged arginine and glutamate residues. The FMO/PCM error in reproducing the PCM solvation energy for a full system is found to be below 1 kcal/mol in all cases if a two-body expansion of the electron density is used in the PCM potential calculation and two residues are assigned to each fragment. The scaling of the FMO/PCM method is demonstrated to be nearly linear at all levels for polyalanine systems. A study of the relative stabilities of alpha-helices and beta-strands is performed, and the magnitude of the contributing factors is determined. The method is applied to three proteins consisting of 20, 129, and 245 residues. and the solvation energy and computational efficiency are discussed. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Fedorov, DG (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. EM d.g.fedorov@aist.go.jp RI Jensen, Jan/G-4338-2010 OI Jensen, Jan/0000-0002-1465-1010 NR 38 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0192-8651 EI 1096-987X J9 J COMPUT CHEM JI J. Comput. Chem. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 27 IS 8 BP 976 EP 985 DI 10.1002/jcc.20406 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 038IP UT WOS:000237213300008 PM 16604514 ER PT J AU Alexander, SHS Gates, SJ AF Alexander, Stephon H. S. Gates, S. James, Jr. TI Can the string scale be related to the cosmic baryon asymmetry? SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE gravity waves/theory; baryon asymmetry AB In a previous work, a mechanism was presented by which baryon asymmetry can be generated during inflation from elliptically polarized gravitons. Nonetheless, the mechanism only generated a realistic baryon asymmetry under special circumstances, which requires an enhancement of the lepton number from an unspecified GUT. In this paper we provide a stringy embedding of this mechanism, demonstrating that if the model-independent axion is the source of the gravitational waves responsible for the lepton asymmetry, one can observationally constrain the string scale and coupling. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Ctr String & Particle Theory, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Alexander, SHS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA USA. EM stephon@itp.stanford.edu; gatess@wam.umd.edu NR 15 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD JUN PY 2006 IS 6 AR 018 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2006/06/018 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 062XA UT WOS:000238978600010 ER PT J AU Sendouda, Y Nagataki, S Sato, K AF Sendouda, Yuuiti Nagataki, Shigehiro Sato, Katsuhiko TI Mass spectrum of primordial black holes from inflationary perturbation in the Randall-Sundrum braneworld: a limit on blue spectra SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE cosmic rays; cosmological perturbation theory; inflation; cosmological applications of theories with extra dimensions ID BIG-BANG NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; LARGE EXTRA DIMENSIONS; GLUON-JET EMISSION; GRAVITATIONAL COLLAPSE; COSMIC-RAYS; GAMMA-RAYS; EGRET DATA; QUARK-JET; COSMOLOGY AB The mass spectrum of the primordial black holes formed by density perturbation in the radiation-dominated era of the Randall-Sundrum type-2 cosmology is given. The spectrum coincides with the standard four-dimensional one on large scales but the deviation is apparent on smaller scales. The mass spectrum is initially softer than the standard four-dimensional one, while after accretion during the earliest era it becomes harder than that. We also show expected extragalactic diffuse photon background spectra varying the initial perturbation power-law power spectrum and give constraints on the blue spectra and/or the reheating temperature. The most recent observations on the small scale density perturbation from WMAP, SDSS and Lyman-alpha Forest are used. What we get are interpreted as constraints on the smaller-scale inflation on the brane connected to the larger one at the scale of Lyman-alpha Forest. If we set the bulk curvature radius to be 0.1 mm and assume the reheating temperature is C1 Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Univ, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RP Sendouda, Y (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. EM sendouda@utap.phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; nagataki@yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp; sato@phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp NR 100 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD JUN PY 2006 IS 6 AR 003 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2006/06/003 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 062XA UT WOS:000238978600025 ER PT J AU Zepeda-Ruiz, LA Maiti, A Gee, R Gilmer, GH Weeks, BL AF Zepeda-Ruiz, LA Maiti, A Gee, R Gilmer, GH Weeks, BL TI Size and habit evolution of PETN crystals - a lattice Monte Carlo study SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE computer simulation; crystal morphology; crystal structure; diffusion ID FORCE-FIELD; MORPHOLOGY; COMPASS AB Starting from an accurate inter-atomic potential we develop a simple scheme of generating an "on-lattice" molecular potential of short range, which is then incorporated into a lattice Monte Carlo code for simulating size and shape evolution of nanocrystallites. As a specific example, we test such a procedure on the morphological evolution of a molecular crystal of interest to us, e.g., Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate, or PETN, and obtain realistic facetted structures in excellent agreement with experimental morphologies. We investigate several interesting effects including, the evolution of the initial shape of a "seed" to equilibrium configuration, and the variation of growth morphology as a function of the rate of particle addition relative to diffusion. Crown Copyright (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Zepeda-Ruiz, LA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM zepedaruizl@llnl.gov RI Weeks, Brandon/P-6331-2014 OI Weeks, Brandon/0000-0003-2552-4129 NR 21 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 291 IS 2 BP 461 EP 467 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.02.052 PG 7 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 056LU UT WOS:000238525200024 ER PT J AU Dong, CL Asokan, K Chang, CL Chen, CL Lee, PC Chen, PC Chen, YY Lee, JF Guo, JH AF Dong, CL Asokan, K Chang, CL Chen, CL Lee, PC Chen, PC Chen, YY Lee, JF Guo, JH TI Variation of electronic structures of CeAl2 thin films with thickness studied by X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE electronic structures; intermetallic alloys; mixed valency; surface to bulk ratio; X-ray absorption spectroscopy ID CHARGE-TRANSFER; VALENCE STATE; NANOPARTICLES; CE; CLUSTERS; BEHAVIOR; LA AB We report the X-ray absorption near-edge structures (XANES) of CeAl2 thin films of various thickness, 40-120 nm, at Al K-, Ce L-3-, and Ce M-4,M-5-edges. It is found that the threshold of near-edge absorption features at the Al K-edge shifts to the higher photon energy as film thickness decreases, implying that Al loses p-orbital charge and the valence of Cc increases slightly as revealed from the XANES features at Ce L-3- and M-4.5-edges. Above observations suggest that there is charge transfer from Al to Ce as the surface to bulk ratio is varied. This induces change in the electronic structures of CeAl2 thin films. The Ce 4f electrons are surface sensitive in nanoparticles compared to thin films. This work also shows that 4f electronic states of Ce ions are sensitive to the reduction of the coordination number induced by surface effects that would change their hybridization. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Ctr Nucl Sci, New Delhi 110067, India. Tamkang Univ, Dept Phys, Tamsui 251, Taiwan. Natl Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Hsinchu, Taiwan. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Asokan, K (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. EM asokan@nsc.ernet.in RI Chen, Chi Liang/F-4649-2012; Kandasami, Asokan/A-6035-2009; OI Kandasami, Asokan/0000-0002-0613-219X; Kandasami, Asokan/0000-0002-1602-765X; Chang, Ching-Lin/0000-0001-8547-371X NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 152 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2006.01.004 PG 5 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 060FU UT WOS:000238788700001 ER PT J AU Mandal, KC Kang, SH Choi, M Bello, J Zheng, LL Zhang, H Groza, C Roy, UN Burger, A Jellison, GE Holcomb, DE Wright, GW Williams, JA AF Mandal, Krishna C. Kang, Sung Hoon Choi, Michael Bello, Job Zheng, Lili Zhang, Hui Groza, Chael Roy, Utpal N. Burger, Arnold Jellison, Gerald E. Holcomb, David E. Wright, Gomez W. Williams, Joseph A. TI Simulation, modeling, and crystal growth of Cd0.9Zn0.1Te for nuclear spectrometers SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT US Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY SEP 20-22, 2005 CL Cambridge, MA SP US Army CECOM Night Vision Elect Sensors Diretorate, US Army Res Lab, US Army SMDC, US Navy Electro-Opt Ctr, Penn State Applied Res Lab, Office Naval Res, Air Force Res Lab, Minerals Metals Materials Soc DE CZT; MASTRAP model; Bridgman technique; 2-MGE; radiation detectors ID SEMICONDUCTOR RADIATION DETECTOR; CHARGE AB High-quality, large (10 cm long and 2.5 cm diameter), nuclear spectrometer grade Cd0.9Zn0.1Te (CZT) single crystals have been grown by a controlled vertical Bridgman technique using in-house zone refined precursor materials (Cd, Zn, and Te). A state-of-the-art computer model, multizone adaptive scheme for transport and phase-change processes (MASTRAP), is used to model heat and mass transfer in the Bridgman growth system and to predict the stress distribution in the as-grown CZT crystal and optimize the thermal profile. The model accounts for heat transfer in the multiphase system, convection in the melt, and interface dynamics. The grown semi-insulating (SI) CZT crystals have demonstrated promising results for high-resolution room-temperature radiation detectors due to their high dark resistivity (p approximate to 2.8 X 10(11) Omega cm), good charge-transport properties [electron and hole mobility-life-time product, mu tau(e) approximate to (2-5) X 10(-3) and mu tau(h) approximate to (3-5) X 10(-5) respectively, and low cost of production. Spectroscopic ellipsometry and optical transmission measurements were carried out on the grown CZT crystals using two-modulator generalized ellipsometry (2-MGE). The refractive index n and extinction coefficient k were determined by mathematically eliminating the similar to 3-nm surface roughness layer. Nuclear detection measurements on the single-element CZT detectors with Am-241. and Cs-137 clearly detected 59.6 and 662 keV energies with energy resolution (FWHM) of 2.4 keV (4.0%) and 9.2 keV (1.4%), respectively. C1 EIC Labs Inc, Norwood, MA 02062 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Engn Mech, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Fisk Univ, Ctr Excellence Phys & Chem Mat, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mandal, KC (reprint author), EIC Labs Inc, 111 Downey St, Norwood, MA 02062 USA. EM kmandal@eiclabs.com RI Kang, Sung/B-1084-2010; OI Kang, Sung/0000-0002-9156-3348; Holcomb, David/0000-0001-8263-4661 NR 15 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1251 EP 1256 DI 10.1007/s11664-006-0250-6 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 060RN UT WOS:000238819400019 ER PT J AU Cui, Y Groza, M Wright, GW Roy, UN Burger, A Li, L Lu, F Black, MA James, RB AF Cui, Y. Groza, M. Wright, G. W. Roy, U. N. Burger, A. Li, L. Lu, F. Black, M. A. James, R. B. TI Characterization of Cd1-xZnxTe crystals grown from a modified vertical Bridgman technique SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT US Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY SEP 20-22, 2005 CL Cambridge, MA SP US Army CECOM Night Vision Elect Sensors Diretorate, US Army Res Lab, US Army SMDC, US Navy Electro-Opt Ctr, Penn State Applied Res Lab, Office Naval Res, Air Force Res Lab, Minerals Metals Materials Soc DE CZT; photoluminescence; DC photoconductivity; Pockels effect; radiation detector ID SEMICONDUCTOR RADIATION DETECTOR; ELECTRIC-FIELD DISTRIBUTION; CADMIUM ZINC TELLURIDE; GAMMA-RAY DETECTORS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY; PERFORMANCE; ARRAYS; BIAS AB Cd1-xZnxTe (CZT) crystals grown from a modified vertical Bridgman technique were characterized by means of an optical polarized transmission technique using the Pockels effect, low-temperature direct current (DC) photoconductivity technique, low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, room-temperature PL mapping technique, and detector performance measurements. Electric field mapping indicates that an approximation of a uniform electric field distribution approximation is generally satisfied for CZT detectors operated at room temperature under typical working conditions. A nonuniform electric field distribution is observed under intense infrared (IR) light illumination, and a model is proposed based on charge generation of defects, trapping, and space-charge effects. The largest hole mobility-lifetime product (mu tau)(h) of the CZT detector measured by DC photoconductivity is 7.0 X 10(-4) cm(2)/V. The detector treated with 2% bromine in methanol chemical etch has a relatively small surface recombination velocity at room temperature, which was obtained from DC photocurrent and detector performance tests, as measured by irradiation of 5.5-MeV alpha particles and 59.6-keV gamma-rays, respectively. We have clearly shown the equivalence of charge collection efficiency results measured by both DC photocurrent and a particle response. Low-temperature DC photocurrent measurements show that surface recombination velocity increases significantly with decreasing temperature from 300 K to 250 K. The effective electron mobility-lifetime product-combination effects of bulk and surface of CZT crystal-increases with increment of temperature. Room-temperature PL mapping measurements indicate uniformity of zinc concentration within CZT crystals. Low-temperature PL spectroscopy shows that the dominant emission peaks are excitons, which are bound to either shallow neutral donors (D-0, X) or neutral acceptors (A(0), X), depending on the temperature, concentration of donors and acceptors, and the incident light intensity. It was found that the luminescence of (DO, X) depends linearly on the incident laser intensity, while (A(0), X) has a nonlinear dependence. C1 Fisk Univ, Ctr Excellence Phys & Chem, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. Yinnel Tech Inc, South Bend, IN 46619 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Cui, Y (reprint author), Fisk Univ, Ctr Excellence Phys & Chem, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. EM aburger@fisk.edu NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1267 EP 1274 DI 10.1007/s11664-006-0253-3 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 060RN UT WOS:000238819400022 ER PT J AU Soundararajan, R Lynn, KG Awadallah, S Szeles, C Wei, SH AF Soundararajan, Raji Lynn, Kelvin G. Awadallah, Salah Szeles, Csaba Wei, Su-Huai TI Study of defect levels in CdTe using thermoelectric effect spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT US Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY SEP 20-22, 2005 CL Cambridge, MA SP US Army CECOM Night Vision Elect Sensors Diretorate, US Army Res Lab, US Army SMDC, US Navy Electro-Opt Ctr, Penn State Applied Res Lab, Office Naval Res, Air Force Res Lab, Minerals Metals Materials Soc DE CdTe; defect levels; thermal ionization energy; trapped cross-section; variable heating rate; thermally stimulated current (TSC); thermoelectric effect spectroscopy (TEES) ID CD1-XZNXTE AB We have studied the defect levels in as grown and post growth processed cadmium telluride (CdTe) using thermoelectric effect spectroscopy (TEES) and thermally stimulated current (TSC) techniques. We have extracted the thermal energy (E-th) and trapping cross section (sigma(th)) for the defect levels using the initial rise and variable heating rate methods. We have identified 10 different defect levels in the crystals. Thermal ionization energy values obtained experimentally were compared to theoretical values of the transition-energy levels of intrinsic and extrinsic defects and defect complexes in CdTe determined by first-principles band-structure calculations. On the basis of this comparison, we have associated the observed ionization levels with various native defects and impurity complexes. C1 Washington State Univ, Mat Res Ctr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. II VI Inc, EV PRODUCTS, Saxonburg, PA 16056 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Soundararajan, R (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Mat Res Ctr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM kgl@mrc.wsu.edu NR 19 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 17 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1333 EP 1340 DI 10.1007/s11664-006-0264-0 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 060RN UT WOS:000238819400033 ER PT J AU Carini, GA Arnone, C Bolotnikov, AE Camarda, GS De Wames, R Dinan, JH Markunas, JK Raghothamachar, B Sivananthan, S Smith, R Zhao, J Zhong, Z James, RB AF Carini, G. A. Arnone, C. Bolotnikov, A. E. Camarda, G. S. De Wames, R. Dinan, J. H. Markunas, J. K. Raghothamachar, B. Sivananthan, S. Smith, R. Zhao, J. Zhong, Z. James, R. B. TI Material quality characterization of CdZnTe substrates for HgCdTe epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT US Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY SEP 20-22, 2005 CL Cambridge, MA SP US Army CECOM Night Vision Elect Sensors Diretorate, US Army Res Lab, US Army SMDC, US Navy Electro-Opt Ctr, Penn State Applied Res Lab, Office Naval Res, Air Force Res Lab, Minerals Metals Materials Soc DE x-ray diffraction (XRD); rocking curve; x-ray topography; CdZnTe substrate; HgCdTe; Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) ID ASYMMETRIC LAUE CRYSTALS; SYNCHROTRON X-RAYS AB Cd1-xZnxTe (CZT) substrates were studied to investigate their bulk and surface properties. Imperfections in CZT substrates affect the quality of Hg1-xCdxTe (MCT) epilayers deposited on them and play a role in limiting the performance of infrared (IR) focal plane arrays. CZT wafers were studied to investigate their bulk and surface properties. Transmission and surface x-ray diffraction techniques, utilizing both a conventional closed-tube x-ray source as well as a synchrotron radiation source, and IR transmission microspectroscopy, were used for bulk and surface investigation. Synchrotron radiation offers the capability to combine good spatial resolution and shorter exposure times than conventional x-ray sources, which allows for high-resolution mapping of relatively large areas in an acceptable amount of time. Information on the location of grain boundaries and precipitates was also obtained. The ultimate goal of this work is to understand the defects in CZT substrates and their effects on the performance and uniformity of MCT epilayers and then to apply this understanding to produce better infrared detectors. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Palermo, Dept Elect Engn, I-90128 Palermo, Italy. Penn State Univ, Ctr Electroopt, Freeport, PA 16629 USA. USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Eng, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Illinois, Microphys Lab, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. BNL, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Carini, GA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM carini@bnl.gov RI Raghothamachar, Balaji/B-1094-2008 NR 8 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 11 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1495 EP 1502 DI 10.1007/s11664-006-0291-x PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 060RN UT WOS:000238819400060 ER PT J AU Mei, JS Monazam, ER Shadle, LJ AF Mei, JS Monazam, ER Shadle, LJ TI Flow regime study of a light material in an industrial scale cold flow circulating fluidized bed SO JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Fluidized Bed Conference CY MAY 18-21, 2003 CL Jacksonville, FL SP ASME AB A series of experiments was conducted in the 0.3 meter diameter circulating fluidized bed test facility at the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) of the U. S. Department of Energy. The particle used in this study was a coarse, light material, cork, which has a particle density of 189 kg/m(3) and a mean diameter of 812 mu m. Fluidizing this material hi ambient air approximates the same gas-solids density ratio as coal and coal char in a pressurized gasifier The purpose of this study is twofold. First, this study is to provide a better understanding on the fundamentals of flow regimes and their transitions. The second purpose of this study is to generate reliable data to validate the mathematical models, which are currently under development at NETL. Utilization of such coarse, light material can greatly facilitate the computation of these mathematical models. Furthermore, the ratio of density of cork to air under ambient conditions is similar to the density ratio of coal to gas at the gasification and pressurized fluidized bed combustion environment. This paper presents and discusses the data. which covered operating flow regime from dilute phase. fast fluidization, curd to dense phase transport by varying the solid flux, G(s). at a constant gas velocity, U-g. Data are presented by mapping the flow regime for coarse cork particles in a Delta P/Delta L-G(s)-U-g plot. The coarse cork particles exhibited different behavior than the publisher literature measurements on heavier materials such as alumina, sand. FCC, silica gel, etc. A stable operation can be obtained at a fixed riser gas velocity higher than the transport velocity e.g., at U-g = 3.2 m/s, even though the riser is operated within the fast fluidization flow regime. Depending upon the solids influx, the riser can also be operated at dilute phase or dense phase flow regimes. Experimental data were: compared to empirical correlations in published literature for flow regime boundaries as well as solids,fractions in the upper dilute and the lower dense regions for fast fluidization flow regime. Comparisons of measured data with these empirical correlations show rather poor agreements. These discrepancies, however, are not surprising since tire correlations for these transitions were derived from experimental data of comparative heavier materials such as sands. FCC, iron ore, alumina, etc. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. REM Engn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Mei, JS (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3601 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. OI Shadle, Lawrence/0000-0002-6283-3628 NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0195-0738 J9 J ENERG RESOUR-ASME JI J. Energy Resour. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD JUN PY 2006 VL 128 IS 2 BP 129 EP 134 DI 10.1115/1.2199566 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 055ZM UT WOS:000238490000008 ER PT J AU Koutsourelakis, PS Deodatis, G AF Koutsourelakis, Phaedon S. Deodatis, George TI Simulation of multidimensional binary random fields with application to modeling of two-phase random media SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS-ASCE LA English DT Article DE random processes; materials; heterogeneity; simulation AB This paper proposes a methodology for simulation of binary random fields with application to the problem of generating sample realizations of two-phase random media. The methodology is based on the concept of nonlinear transformations with memory of Gaussian random fields. The simulation is performed according to the autocorrelation function of the binary field which contains considerable information about the microstructural characteristics of the medium. The determination of the probabilistic characteristics of the underlying Gaussian field is achieved through an iterative procedure that was introduced in a previous paper by the same authors in one dimension and is extended here to multiple dimensions. Limiting cases and alternative mappings are also presented. The capabilities of the methodology are demonstrated in a series of examples. C1 Univ Innsbruck, Inst Engn Mech, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Koutsourelakis, PS (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Civil Engn & Engn Mech, 630 SW Mudd,500 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM koutsourelakis2@llnl.gov; deodatis@civil.columbia.edu RI Deodatis, George/D-1608-2012; OI Koutsourelakis, Phaedon-Stelios/0000-0002-9345-759X NR 13 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9399 J9 J ENG MECH-ASCE JI J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE PD JUN PY 2006 VL 132 IS 6 BP 619 EP 631 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2006)132:6(619) PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 046SA UT WOS:000237830100005 ER PT J AU Sisiopiku, VP Rousseau, A Fouad, FH Peters, RW AF Sisiopiku, Virginia P. Rousseau, Aymeric Fouad, Fouad H. Peters, Robert W. TI Technology evaluation of hydrogen light-duty vehicles SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE vehicles; simulation; evaluation; emissions; hydrogen AB This study analyzed candidate hydrogen-fueled vehicles for near and long-term use associated with their efficiency, performance, and emissions. Various types of hydrogen-fueled vehicles were assessed using Argonne National Laboratory's Powertrain System Analysis Toolkit vehicle simulation model. These include hythane- and hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines (ICEs), hydrogen-fueled hybrid electric propulsion, and direct hydrogen fuel cells. Vehicle sizes and configurations, consistent with the available component models/data, were simulated to compare efficiency and emissions with baseline conventional vehicles. The simulations provided salient information on the vehicle characteristics, performance, and efficiency, as functions of operating conditions on standard driving cycles. It was found that substantial gains in fuel economy can be achieved through hybridization both for conventional and fuel cell vehicles. When hybridized, hydrogen ICE configurations achieve similar fuel economy to gasoline counterparts. The results also confirm that ICE hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) achieve higher fuel economy than fuel cell configurations and comparable results with fuel cell HEV. Comparison of efficiency results for various driving cycles further indicates that cycles with low power demand are most suited for hybrid operations. C1 Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Sisiopiku, VP (reprint author), Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1530 3rd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM vsisiopi@uab.edu; arousseau@anl.gov; ffouad@uab.edu; rwpeters@uab.edu RI Sisiopiku, Virginia/C-6290-2015 OI Sisiopiku, Virginia/0000-0003-4262-8990 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 EI 1943-7870 J9 J ENVIRON ENG JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JUN PY 2006 VL 132 IS 6 BP 568 EP 574 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2006)132:6(568) PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 101ZB UT WOS:000241779100002 ER PT J AU Newell, CJ Cowie, I McGuire, TM McNab, WW AF Newell, Charles J. Cowie, Iain McGuire, Travis M. McNab, Wait W., Jr. TI Multiyear temporal changes in chlorinated solvent concentrations at 23 monitored natural attenuation sites SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE attenuation; chlorination; TCE; PCE; ground-water pollution; water treatment AB Long-term (e.g., 5-15 years) groundwater concentration versus time records were compiled from 47 near-source zone monitoring wells at 23 chlorinated solvent sites (52 total records). Chlorinated volatile organic compound (CVOC) concentrations decreased significantly in most of the 52 temporal records, with a median reduction in concentration of 74%. A statistical method based on a Mann-Kendall analysis also showed that most sites had statistically significant decreasing concentration trends over time. Median point decay rate constants (k(point)) values were calculated for nine sites containing tetrachloroethene (PCE); 13 sites containing trichloroethene (TCE); two sites containing cis- 1,2-dichloroethene (DCE); and six sites containing 1,],1 -trichloroethane (TCA). The TCA sites had the highest k(point) values (0.34/year) followed by PCE, DCE, and TCE (0.23/year, 0.16/year, and 0.11/year, respectively) (equal to decay half-lives of 2.0. 3.0 4.3, and 6.1 years, respectively). If the median point decay rates from these sites are maintained over a 20 year period, the resulting reduction in concentration will be similar to the reported reduction in source zone concentrations achieved by active in situ source remediation technologies (typical project length: 1-2 years). C1 Groundwater Serv Inc, Houston, TX 77098 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Newell, CJ (reprint author), Groundwater Serv Inc, 2211 Norfolk,Suite 1000, Houston, TX 77098 USA. EM cjnewell@gsi-net.com; idcowie@gsi-net.com; tmmcguire@gsi-net.com; mcnab1@llnl.gov NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 9 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JUN PY 2006 VL 132 IS 6 BP 653 EP 663 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2006)132:6(653) PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 101ZB UT WOS:000241779100011 ER PT J AU Chimney, MJ Bowers, JA AF Chimney, MJ Bowers, JA TI The influence of subsample size in a study of freshwater zooplankton SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SAMPLES AB We documented the influence of subsample size on counting precision and estimates of taxa richness for freshwater zooplankton. Subsample variability was related to subsample size. The mean and median coefficient of variation for cladocerans and copepods were below 30% at counts of 50-100 individuals. Jaccard's similarity coefficient stabilized at counts of 100-150 individuals as did the total number of zooplankton taxa identified. These data suggest that counting more organisms in subsamples or more than one subsample per sample may do relatively little to better characterize samples. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Chimney, MJ (reprint author), 53 Maplecrest Circle, Jupiter, FL 33458 USA. EM mchimney@adelphia.net; james.bowers@srnl.doe.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 21 IS 2 BP 349 EP 351 DI 10.1080/02705060.2006.9665005 PG 3 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 040SF UT WOS:000237400000020 ER PT J AU Berglund, P Gimon, EG Levi, TS AF Berglund, Per Gimon, Eric G. Levi, Thomas S. TI Supergravity microstates for BPS black holes and black rings SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE black holes in string theory ID GEOMETRIES AB We demonstrate a solution generating technique, modulo some constraints, for a large class of smooth supergravity solutions with the same asymptotic charges as a five dimensional 3-charge BPS black hole or black ring, dual to a D1/D5/P system. These solutions are characterized by a harmonic function with both positive and negative poles, which induces a geometric transition whereby singular sources have disappeared and all of the net charge at infinity is sourced by fluxes through two-cycles joining the poles of the harmonic function. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. LBNL, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Penn, David Rittenhouse Labs, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Berglund, P (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM per.berglund@unh.edu; eggimon@lbl.gov; tslevi@sas.upenn.edu NR 36 TC 109 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUN PY 2006 IS 6 AR 007 PG 23 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 061DB UT WOS:000238850300059 ER PT J AU Hubisz, J Lee, SJ Paz, G AF Hubisz, Jay Lee, Seung J. Paz, Gil TI The flavor of a little Higgs with T-parity SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE B-physics; beyond standard model; kaon physics; CP violation ID LEADING LOGARITHMS; CP-VIOLATION; PHENOMENOLOGICAL LAGRANGIANS; MASS DIFFERENCE; QCD CORRECTIONS; MODEL; SYMMETRY; CONSTRAINTS; BREAKING; DECAYS AB We analyze flavor constraints in the littlest Higgs model with T-parity. In particular, we focus on neutral meson mixing in the K, B, and D systems due to one loop contributions from T-parity odd fermions and gauge bosons. We calculate the short distance contributions to mixing for a general choice of T-odd fermion Yukawa couplings. We find that for a generic choice of textures, a TeV scale GIM suppression is necessary to avoid large contributions. If order one mixing angles are allowed in the extended flavor structure, the mass spectrum is severely constrained, and must be degenerate at the 1-5% level. However, there are still regions of parameter space where only a loose degeneracy is necessary to avoid constraints. We also consider the B-s system, and identify a scenario in which the mixing can be significantly enhanced beyond the standard model prediction while still satisfying bounds on the other mixing observables. We present both analytical and numerical results as functions of the T-odd fermion mass eigenvalues. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Cornell Univ, Inst High Energy Phenomenol, Lab Elementary Particle Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Hubisz, J (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM hubisz@fnal.gov; sj118@cornell.edu; gilpaz@lepp.cornell.edu RI Lee, Seung/F-9911-2011 OI Lee, Seung/0000-0002-7756-0407 NR 52 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUN PY 2006 IS 6 AR 041 DI 10.1088/1126-6708/2006/06/041 PG 28 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 061DB UT WOS:000238850300025 ER PT J AU Katz, A Redi, M Shadmi, Y Shirman, Y AF Katz, Andrey Redi, Michele Shadmi, Yael Shirman, Yuri TI Supersymmetry breaking and moduli stabilization in AdS SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE supergravity models; supersymmetry breaking; field theories in higher dimensions ID BULK AB We study the one loop effective potential for the radion superfield in the supersymmetric Randall-Sundrum scenario with detuned brane tensions. At the classical level the distance between the branes is stabilized while the VEV of the fifth component of the graviphoton is a flat direction which breaks supersymmetry. At the quantum level a potential is generated. This leads to a toy model of a supersymmetric compactification with all the moduli stabilized perturbatively. C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. NYU, Dept Phys, CCPP, New York, NY 10003 USA. LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Katz, A (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. EM andrey@physics.technion.ac.il; redi@physics.nyu.edu; yshadmi@physics.technion.ac.il; shirman@lanl.gov NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUN PY 2006 IS 6 AR 048 PG 11 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 061DB UT WOS:000238850300018 ER PT J AU Maloney, A Pierce, A Wacker, JG AF Maloney, Alexander Pierce, Aaron Wacker, Jay G. TI D-terms, unification, and the Higgs mass SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE GUT; supersymmetric standard model; Higgs physics; beyond standard model ID MANN LOW FUNCTION; GAUGE-THEORIES; DESTABILIZING DIVERGENCES; SUPERSYMMETRIC THEORIES; INSTANTON CALCULUS; STANDARD MODEL; SUPERGRAVITY; BOSON; BREAKING; SU(5) AB We study gauge extensions of the MSSM that contain non-decoupling D-terms, which contribute to the Higgs boson mass. These models naturally maintain gauge coupling unification and raise the Higgs mass without fine-tuning. Unification constrains the structure of the gauge extensions, limiting the Higgs mass in these models to m(h) less than or similar to 150 GeV. The D-terms contribute to the Higgs mass only if the extended gauge symmetry is broken at energies of a few TeV, leading to new heavy gauge bosons in this mass range. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Theory Grp, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Maloney, A (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Theory Grp, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM maloney@slac.stanford.edu; apierce@physics.harvard.edu; jgwacker@stanford.edu NR 47 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUN PY 2006 IS 6 AR 034 PG 30 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 061DB UT WOS:000238850300032 ER PT J AU Svrcek, P Witten, E AF Svrcek, Peter Witten, Edward TI Axions in string theory SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE superstring vacua; QCD ID ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENT; STRONG CP PROBLEM; M-THEORY COMPACTIFICATIONS; FAYET-ILIOPOULOS TERM; CALABI-YAU THREEFOLDS; INVISIBLE AXION; F-THEORY; HARMLESS AXION; GAUGE-THEORY; STRONG P AB In the context of string theory, axions appear to provide the most plausible solution of the strong CP problem. However, as has been known for a long time, in many string-based models, the axion coupling parameter Fa is several orders of magnitude higher than the standard cosmological bounds. We re-examine this problem in a variety of models, showing that Fa is close to the GUT scale or above in many models that have GUT-like phenomenology, as well as some that do not. On the other hand, in some models with Standard Model gauge fields supported on vanishing cycles, it is possible for Fa to be well below the GUT scale. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Svrcek, P (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM svrcek@stanford.edu; witten@ias.edu NR 95 TC 247 Z9 247 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUN PY 2006 IS 6 AR 051 DI 10.1088/1126-6708/2006/06/051 PG 52 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 061DB UT WOS:000238850300015 ER PT J AU Vrugt, JA Gupta, HV Nuallain, BO AF Vrugt, JA Gupta, HV Nuallain, BO TI Real-time data assimilation for operational ensemble streamflow forecasting SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd international Workshop on Catchment-Scale Hydrological Modeling and Data Assimilation CY OCT 25-27, 2004 CL Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ HO Princeton Univ ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; IMPROVED PARAMETER INFERENCE; CONCEPTUAL HYDROLOGIC MODEL; AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION; NONPARAMETRIC REGRESSION; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; CATCHMENT MODELS; KALMAN FILTER; UNCERTAINTY; PREDICTION AB Operational flood forecasting requires that accurate estimates of the uncertainty associated with model-generated streamflow forecasts be provided along with the probable flow levels. This paper demonstrates a stochastic ensemble implementation of the Sacramento model used routinely by the National Weather Service for deterministic streamflow forecasting. The approach, the simultaneous optimization and data assimilation method ( SODA), uses an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) for recursive state estimation allowing for treatment of streamflow data error, model structural error, and parameter uncertainty, while enabling implementation of the Sacramento model without major modification to its current structural form. Model parameters are estimated in batch using the shuffled complex evolution metropolis stochastic-ensemble optimization approach (SCEM-UA). The SODA approach was implemented using parallel computing to handle the increased computational requirements. Studies using data from the Leaf River, Mississippi, indicate that forecast performance improvements on the order of 30% to 50% can be realized even with a suboptimal implementation of the filter. Further, the SODA parameter estimates appear to be less biased, which may increase the prospects for finding useful regionalization relationships. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Amsterdam, Dept Computat Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Dept Phys Geog & Soil Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Vrugt, JA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM vrugt@lanl.gov RI Vrugt, Jasper/C-3660-2008; Gupta, Hoshin/D-1642-2010 OI Gupta, Hoshin/0000-0001-9855-2839 NR 72 TC 82 Z9 85 U1 5 U2 22 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 7 IS 3 BP 548 EP 565 DI 10.1175/JHM504.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 058UJ UT WOS:000238689800017 ER PT J AU Robinson, SM McConn, RJ Pagh, RT Schweppe, JE Siciliano, ER AF Robinson, S. M. McConn, R. J., Jr. Pagh, R. T. Schweppe, J. E. Siciliano, E. R. TI Characteristics of multiprocessing MCNP5 on small personal computer clusters SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE detector modelling and simulations I (interaction of radiation with matter, interaction of photons with matter, interaction of hadrons with matter, etc); simulation methods and programs; radiation calculations; computing (architecture, farms, GRID for recording, storage, archiving, and distribution of data) AB The feasibility and efficiency of performing MCNP5 calculations with a small, heterogeneous computing cluster built from Microsoft (R) Windows (TM) personal computers ( PC) are explored. The performance increases that may be expected with such clusters are estimated for cases that typify general radiation-shielding calculations. Our results show that the speed increase from additional slave PCs is nearly linear up to 10 processors. Guidance is given as to the specific advantages of changing various parameters present in the system. Implementing load balancing, and reducing the overhead from the MCNP rendezvous mechanism add to heterogeneous cluster efficiency. Hyper-threading technology and matching the total number of slave processes to the total number of logical processors also yield modest speed increases in the range below 7 processors. Because of the ease of acquisition of heterogeneous desktop computers, and the peak in efficiency at the level of a few physical processors, a strong case is made for the use of small clusters as a tool for producing MCNP5 calculations rapidly, and detailed instructions for constructing such clusters are provided. C1 [Robinson, S. M.; McConn, R. J., Jr.; Pagh, R. T.; Schweppe, J. E.; Siciliano, E. R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Robinson, SM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Sean.robinson@pnl.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 1 AR P06001 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/1/06/P06001 PG 22 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA V44AG UT WOS:000202975000004 ER PT J AU Skaddan, MB Bergman, RG AF Skaddan, Marc B. Bergman, Robert G. TI The neighboring group effect of fluorine in the tritium labeling of organic substrates with [Cp*(PMe3)IrMe(CH2Cl2)](+)[BArf](-), a cationic iridium(III) complex SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Article DE iridium; fluorine; tritium; exchange; Bergman; neighboring group effect ID H BOND ACTIVATION; HALOCARBON BINDING; IR(III) COMPLEXES; CP-ASTERISK(PME3)IR(ME)OTF; INTERMEDIATE; DEUTERIUM; EXCHANGE; SILANES AB The cationic Ir(III) complex, [Cp*(PMe3)IrMe(CH2Cl2)][BArf] (1, Cp* = eta(5)-C5Me5, BArf = MeB(C6F5)(3)), has been shown to be a useful reagent in the tritium and deuterium labeling of organic substrates. During a recent reaction of 1 with a fluorinated molecule, we observed an unusually high incorporation of tritium ortho to the aromatic fluorines. To probe whether this was an isolated incident or a more general phenomenon, we have investigated the application of 1 towards the tritiation of simple fluorinated organic substrates. Our results indicate that aromatic fluorine indeed does exhibit a neighboring group effect in terms of directing ortho H/T exchange. The directing influence appears to be at least as strong as the hydroxyl moiety reported in previous works. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Pfizer Inc, Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Labs, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Skaddan, MB (reprint author), Pfizer Inc, Pfizer Global Res & Dev, 2800 Plymouth Rd,B28,Room 2028E, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM marc.b.skaddan@pfizer.com NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 49 IS 7 BP 623 EP 634 DI 10.1002/jlcr.1072 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 066UG UT WOS:000239255000005 ER PT J AU Alam, TM Holland, GP AF Alam, TM Holland, GP TI H-1-C-13 INEPT MAS NMR correlation experiments with H-1-H-1 mediated magnetization exchange to probe organization in lipid biomembranes SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE INEPT; FIETCOR; MAS NMR; biomembranes; RFDR; lipids ID OVERHAUSER ENHANCEMENT SPECTROSCOPY; ANGLE-SPINNING CONDITIONS; HIGH-RESOLUTION PROTON; ROTATING SOLIDS; POLARIZATION TRANSFER; BIOLOGICAL-MEMBRANES; DIPOLAR COUPLINGS; C-13 NMR; ETHANOL DISTRIBUTION; LATERAL DIFFUSION AB Two-dimensional H-1-C-13 INEPT MAS NMR experiments utilizing a H-1-H-1 magnetization exchange mixing period are presented for characterization of lipid systems. The introduction of the exchange period allows for structural information to be obtained via H-1-H-1 dipolar couplings but with C-13 chemical shift resolution. It is shown that utilizing a RFDR recoupling sequence with short mixing times in place of the more standard NOE cross-relaxation for magnetization exchange during the mixing period allowed for the identification and separation of close H-1-H-1 dipolar contacts versus longer-range inter-molecular H-1-H-1 dipolar cross-relaxation. These 2D INEPT experiments were used to address both intra- and inter-molecular contacts in lipid and lipid/cholesterol mixtures. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Elect & Nanostruct Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Alam, TM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Elect & Nanostruct Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tmalam@sandia.gov NR 60 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 180 IS 2 BP 210 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2006.02.013 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 047JJ UT WOS:000237875300007 PM 16563820 ER PT J AU Beleggia, M Lau, JW Schofield, MA Zhu, Y Tandon, S De Graef, M AF Beleggia, M Lau, JW Schofield, MA Zhu, Y Tandon, S De Graef, M TI Phase diagram for magnetic nano-rings SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE magnetic nano-particles; phase diagram; magnetostatic energy; micromagnetic simulations; electron holography ID DEMAGNETIZATION TENSOR; ARBITRARY SHAPE; COMPUTATION; PARTICLES; FIELD AB The minimum-energy single-domain magnetization state in a magnetized nano-ring is determined as a function of material and shape parameters. A phase diagram is derived within the framework of a Fourier-space approach for magnetic computations, showing the expected position of the ground state for any given set of external degrees of freedom. A series of micromagnetic simulations for Suitably chosen parameters, show excellent agreement with the obtained theoretical results. An electron holography experiment has been carried out as a test on phase diagram reliability. The validity of the treatment, in particular the simplification employed in choosing ideal uniform rather than more physical quasi-uniform single-domain states, is thoroughly discussed in order to establish clear boundaries of applicability of the phase diagram. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP De Graef, M (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM degraef@cmu.edu RI Lau, June/C-7509-2013; DeGraef, Marc/G-5827-2010; OI DeGraef, Marc/0000-0002-4721-6226; Beleggia, Marco/0000-0002-2888-1888 NR 43 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 301 IS 1 BP 131 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2005.06.024 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 028HM UT WOS:000236477800019 ER PT J AU Dogan, ON Hawk, JA Schrems, KK AF Dogan, ON Hawk, JA Schrems, KK TI TiC-reinforced cast Cr steels SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE cast steel; chromium steel; corrosion resistant steel; solidification of TiC-containing steel; titanium carbide precipitates; wear-resistant steel ID ABRASION WEAR-RESISTANCE; MATRIX COMPOSITES; MICROSTRUCTURE AB A new class of materials, namely TiC-reinforced cast chromium (Cr) steels, was developed for applications requiring high abrasion resistance and good fracture toughness. The research approach was to modify the carbide structure of commercial AISI 440C steel for better fracture resistance while maintaining the already high abrasion resistance. The new alloys contained 12Cr, 2.5-4.5Ti, and 1-1.5C (wt.%) and were melted in a vacuum induction furnace. Their microstructure was composed primarily of a martensitic matrix with a dispersion of TiC precipitates. Modification of TiC morphology was accomplished through changing the cooling rate during solidification. Wear rates of the TiC-reinforced Cr steels were comparable to that of AISI 440C steel, but the impact resistance was much improved. C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Dogan, ON (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. EM dogano@alrc.doe.gov NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 15 IS 3 BP 320 EP 327 DI 10.1361/105994906X108585 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 051MD UT WOS:000238164300011 ER PT J AU Zhang, XF Thaidigsmann, K Ager, J Hou, PY AF Zhang, XF Thaidigsmann, K Ager, J Hou, PY TI Al2O3 scale development on iron aluminides SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; TRANSIENT OXIDATION; GROWTH; BEHAVIOR; ALLOYS; NI3AL; TRANSFORMATION; INTERFACES; SECTIONS; NICKEL AB The structure and phase of the Al2O3 scale that forms on an Fe3Al-based alloy Fe-28Al-5Cr (at.%) was investigated by transmission electron microscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Oxidation was performed at 900 degrees C and 1000 degrees C for up to 190 min. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that single-layer scales were formed after short oxidation times. Electron diffraction was used to show that the scales are composed of nanoscale crystallites of the theta, gamma, and alpha phases of alumina. Band-like structure was observed extending along three 120 degrees-separated directions within the surface plane. Textured theta and gamma grains were the main components of the bands, whereas mixed a and transient phases were found between the bands. Extended oxidation produced a double-layered scale structure with a continuous alpha layer at the scale/alloy interface and a gamma/theta layer at the gas surface. The mechanism for the formation of Al2O3 scales on iron aluminide alloys is discussed and compared with that for nickel aluminide alloys. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Appl Sci, Dept Mat Sci & Surface Technol, D-73430 Aalen, Germany. RP Hou, PY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pyhou@lbl.gov OI Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1409 EP 1419 DI 10.1557/JMR.2006.0172 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 051WB UT WOS:000238191300009 ER PT J AU Gao, F Devanathan, R Zhang, Y Posselt, M Weber, WJ AF Gao, F Devanathan, R Zhang, Y Posselt, M Weber, WJ TI Atomic-level simulation of epitaxial recrystallization and phase transformation in SiC SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; AMORPHOUS-SILICON; IMPLANTATION; AMORPHIZATION; TEMPERATURE; IRRADIATION; GROWTH AB A nano-sized amorphous layer embedded in an atomic simulation cell was used to study the amorphous-to-crystalline (a-c) transition and subsequent phase transformation by molecular-dynamics computer simulations in 3C-SiC. The recovery of bond defects at the interfaces is an important process driving the initial epitaxial recrystallization of the amorphous layer, which is hindered by the nucleation of a polycrystalline 2H-SiC phase. The kink sites and triple junctions formed at the interfaces between 2H- and 3C-SiC provide low-energy paths for 2H-SiC atoms to transform to 3C-SiC atoms. The spectrum of activation energies associated with these processes ranges from below 0.8 eV to about 1.9 eV. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Rossendorf Inc, Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Ion Beam Phys & Mat Res, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. RP Gao, F (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM fei.gao@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012; Devanathan, Ram/C-7247-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Devanathan, Ram/0000-0001-8125-4237 NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1420 EP 1426 DI 10.1557/JMR.2006.0176 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 051WB UT WOS:000238191300010 ER PT J AU Kim, JY Hardy, JS Weil, KS AF Kim, JY Hardy, JS Weil, KS TI High-temperature tolerance of the silver-copper oxide braze in reducing and oxidizing atmospheres SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID AG; ALUMINA; WETTABILITY; ALLOY AB The silver-copper oxide-based reactive air brazing technique was developed as a method of joining complex-shaped ceramic parts. To investigate the viability of this approach for high-temperature application, a series of air-brazed alumina joints were independently exposed to either oxidizing or reducing atmosphere at 800 degrees C for 100 h. Those samples that were thermally aged in air maintained good joint strength, similar to that of the original as-brazed samples. Microstructural analysis revealed no significant change in joint microstructure after long-term oxidation at elevated temperature, indicating excellent stability of the Ag-CuO-based filler metal in this environment. On the other hand, exposure of the air-brazed alumina joints to hydrogen under the same aging conditions resulted in a measurable decrease in joint strength. Scanning electron microscope analysis conducted on the fracture surfaces of the broken hydrogen-exposed specimens indicated that the source of joint failure was debonding along the interface between the filler metal and alumina substrate. This was due in large part to internal reduction of CuO precipitates within the filler metal to copper and accompanied by the simultaneous formation of porosity at these sites, both within the bulk of the joint as well as along the filler metal/substrate interfaces. Pore formation was noticeably present in filler metals prepared with a high concentration of copper oxide. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kim, JY (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jin.kim@pnl.gov RI Hardy, John/E-1938-2016 OI Hardy, John/0000-0002-1699-3196 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1434 EP 1442 DI 10.1557/JMR.2006.0178 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 051WB UT WOS:000238191300012 ER PT J AU He, XM Walter, KC Nastasi, M AF He, XM Walter, KC Nastasi, M TI Structure and optical properties of plasma immersion ion processed boron-alloyed diamondlike carbon films SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS HYDROGENATED CARBON; INDUCTIVE PLASMA; DEPOSITION; SUBSTRATE AB Boron (B)-alloyed diamondlike carbon (B-DLC) films were prepared on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), glass, and silicon (100) using an inductive radio frequency Ar + C2H2 + B2H6 plasma immersion ion processing (PIIP) technique. The composition of the B-DLC films was measured by ion beam analysis techniques, and the bonding structure was characterized by infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The incorporation of B2H6 gas into the PIIP deposition introduced B-C bonds into the DLC structure, resulting in increased sp(3)-carbon bonding and improved optical performance. The energetic activation of the deposition atoms, induced by the ion bombardment during the PUP film growth, enhanced the properties of the B-DLC films deposited on dielectric and transparent optical materials. With B-alloying and an optimized deposition energy of 40-135 eV, B-DLC films were synthesized with B-alloying up to 10.4 at.%, high hardness, high refractive index, and optical transmittance that is higher than that of unalloyed DLC films. The experimental results indicate that C-B hybridization and ion-energy transfer are critical to the synthesis of these hard and transparent B-DLC films. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP He, XM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM Xiaoming.he@averydennison.com NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1451 EP 1459 DI 10.1557/JMR.2006.0179 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 051WB UT WOS:000238191300014 ER PT J AU Jiang, WH Liu, FX Qiao, DC Choo, H Liaw, PK AF Jiang, W. H. Liu, F. X. Qiao, D. C. Choo, H. Liaw, P. K. TI Plastic flow in dynamic compression of a Zr-based bulk metallic glass SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SERRATED FLOW; AMORPHOUS METALS; INHOMOGENEOUS FLOW; HOMOGENEOUS FLOW; RATE DEPENDENCE; SHEAR BANDS; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR; NANOINDENTATION; MECHANICS AB Using geometrically constrained specimens, the plastic flow behaviors of the as-cast and the relaxed Zr(52.5)Cu(17.9)Ni(14.6)Al(10.0)Ti(5.0) bulk metallic glass in the dynamic compression were investigated. Both alloys exhibit a significant plasticity in the dynamic compression. The plastic deformation in both alloys is still inhomogeneous, which is characterized by the serrated plastic flow and the formation of shear bands. Free volumes affect the shear banding and the plastic flow. The reduced free volume results in the deviation of the shear banding direction from the maximum shear stress. The relaxed alloy exhibits the obvious stress overshoot, which is consistent with the theoretical prediction using a free volume model. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jiang, WH (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM wjiang5@utk.edu RI Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009 OI Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907 NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 14 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1570 EP 1575 DI 10.1557/JMR.2006.0194 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 051WB UT WOS:000238191300029 ER PT J AU Kurella, A Dahotre, NB AF Kurella, A Dahotre, NB TI Laser induced multi-scale textured zirconia coating on Ti-6Al-4V SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS; TITANIUM-ALLOYS; SURFACES AB A textured coating of zirconia on Ti-6Al-4V alloy was produced using pulsed laser based processing technique. Scanning electron microscope observations coupled with fractal analysis revealed the multi-scale nature of the textured coating. Both stylus based profilometric measurements and fractal analysis indicated non-linear nature of the relationship between laser processing speed at constant pulse frequency (10 kHz) and roughness of the textured coating. The textured coatings produced with all the three processing speeds (40, 160, 290 cm/min) were fractal over certain length scales. Processing at 40 cm/min resulted in structures that are fractal across a large number of length scales where as higher processing speeds resulted in fractality over fewer length scales. The processing speed influenced the zirconia content in the coating and the phase transformation within Ti-matrix of the coating. Within the coating, while zirconia content decreased the amount of retained beta-Ti increased with increase in processing speed. Such physical and chemical transformations are desired in a titanium bio-implant for effective contact with protein, cells and tissues at various length scales and its effective chemical performance in bio-environment. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Mat Proc Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dahotre, NB (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ndahotre@utk.edu NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4530 J9 J MATER SCI-MATER M JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Med. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 BP 565 EP 572 DI 10.1007/s10856-006-8941-3 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 042BY UT WOS:000237503300012 PM 16691356 ER PT J AU Pechar, TW Kim, S Vaughan, B Marand, E Tsapatsis, M Jeong, HK Cornelius, CJ AF Pechar, TW Kim, S Vaughan, B Marand, E Tsapatsis, M Jeong, HK Cornelius, CJ TI Fabrication and characterization of polyimide-zeolite L mixed matrix membranes for gas separations SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mixed matrix membranes; gas separation; zeolites; polymer membranes; sorption AB Mixed matrix membranes composed of zeolite L dispersed in a 6FDA-6FpDA-DABA polyimide matrix were fabricated and characterized for gas separation performance. The interfacial contact between the two phases relied on introducing amine functional groups on the zeolite surface and covalently linking them with carboxylic acid groups present along the polyimide backbone. While certain gas permeabilities in the membranes increased with the addition of zeolite L, overall these mixed matrix membranes did not offer substantial selectivity improvements. Separate gravimetric sorption measurements indicated that the sorption capacity of zeolites modified with silane coupling agents is substantially lower than the gas sorption in unmodified zeolites. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Marand, E (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM emarand@vt.edu NR 20 TC 104 Z9 105 U1 4 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 277 IS 1-2 BP 195 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2005.10.029 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 053MV UT WOS:000238310100022 ER PT J AU Chu, LL Que, L Oliver, AD Gianchandani, YB AF Chu, LL Que, L Oliver, AD Gianchandani, YB TI Lifetime studies of electrothermal bent-beam actuators in single-crystal silicon and polysilicon SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE actuator; electrothermal; lifetime; micromachining; polysilicon; in situ annealing ID STRAIN; FILMS AB Microsystems using electrothermal bent-beam microactuators; have been demonstrated for a variety of applications including optical attenuators, RF switches, and micro positioners, thus creating a need for information on the longevity of these devices. This paper reports on the dc and pulse mode lifetime testing of this class of actuators constructed using polysilicon and P++ doped single crystal silicon. The relative temperature profile along the top surface of an actuator is experimentally verified by scanning probe microscopy. Displacement measurements are used to explore links between aging behavior and the design variables and operating conditions. At low power levels (which result in average operating temperatures of 300-400 degrees C) both polysilicon and p++ Si devices provide continuous dc operation for > 1400 min. in air without change in amplitude. While some types of p++ Si devices show monotonic loss of amplitude in pulse tests, others have been operated up to 30 million cycles without degradation. The displacement for polysilicon actuators can either increase or decrease depending on the geometry of the device and operating conditions, both of which are related to temperature and stress of the structural members. Polysilicon grain transformations are observed over extended operation at high temperatures. Performance changes are correlated to material properties using SEM and TEM images. C1 Univ Michigan, EECSDept, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Chu, LL (reprint author), Colibrys Inc, Stafford, TX 77477 USA. EM larrylchu@gmail.com; que@research.ge.com; adolive@sandia.gov NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1057-7157 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 15 IS 3 BP 498 EP 506 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2006.876780 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 053NE UT WOS:000238311000006 ER PT J AU Dagel, DJ Cowan, WD Spahn, OB Grossetete, GD Grine, AJ Shaw, MJ Resnick, PJ Jokiel, B AF Dagel, Daryl J. Cowan, William D. Spahn, Olga Blum Grossetete, Grant D. Grine, Alejandro J. Shaw, Michael J. Resnick, Paul J. Jokiel, Bernhard, Jr. TI Large-stroke MEMS deformable mirrors for adaptive optics SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE adaptive optics; deformable mirrors; microelectromechanical systems (MEMS); micromirrors ID POLYSILICON; TECHNOLOGY; DEVICES; EYE AB Surface-micromachined deformable mirrors that exhibit greater than 10 mu m of stroke are presented. The segmented arrays described here consist of 61 and 85 hexagonal, piston/tip/tilt mirrors (three actuators each) with diameters of 500 and 430 mu m, respectively, and fill a 4 mm circular aperture. Devices were packaged in 208 and 256 pin-grid arrays and driven by a compact control board designed for turn-key operation. After metallization and packaging mirror bow is similar to 680 run (lambda/1), but a heat-treatment procedure is proposed for controlling mirror curvature to better than lambda/10. An optical test bed was used to demonstrate basic beam splitting and open-loop aberration correction, the results of which are also presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dagel, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM djdagel@sandia.gov NR 27 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7157 EI 1941-0158 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 15 IS 3 BP 572 EP 583 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2006.876794 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 053NE UT WOS:000238311000015 ER PT J AU Price, MN Alm, EJ Arkin, AP AF Price, MN Alm, EJ Arkin, AP TI The histidine operon is ancient SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION LA English DT Letter C1 MIT, Dept Biol Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Virtual Inst Microbial Stress & Survival, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Price, MN (reprint author), MIT, Dept Biol Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave,Bldg 48-317, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008; OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931; Price, Morgan/0000-0002-4251-0362 NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2844 J9 J MOL EVOL JI J. Mol. Evol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 62 IS 6 BP 807 EP 808 DI 10.1007/s00239-005-0191-3 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 049RZ UT WOS:000238035500017 PM 16612542 ER PT J AU Smilowitz, HM Blattmann, H Brauer-Krisch, E Bravin, A Di Michiel, M Gebbers, JO Hanson, AL Lyubimova, N Slatkin, DN Stepanek, J Laissue, JA AF Smilowitz, H. M. Blattmann, H. Brauer-Krisch, E. Bravin, A. Di Michiel, M. Gebbers, J. -O. Hanson, A. L. Lyubimova, N. Slatkin, D. N. Stepanek, J. Laissue, J. A. TI Synergy of gene-mediated immunoprophylaxis and microbeam radiation therapy for advanced intracerebral rat 9L gliosarcomas SO JOURNAL OF NEURO-ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 9L gliosarcoma; advanced brain tumor; gene-mediated immunoprophylaxis; microbeam radiation therapy; rats ID SYNCHROTRON X-RAYS; GLIOBLASTOMA-MULTIFORME; BRAIN-TUMORS; NEUROONCOLOGY; RADIOTHERAPY; RETENTION; FACILITY; IMMUNITY; MONOMER; GLIOMAS AB Purpose: Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT), a novel experimental radiosurgery that largely spares the developing CNS and other normal tissues, is tolerated well by developing animals and palliates advanced 9LGS tumors. This report, to our knowledge, is the first demonstration that gene-mediated immunotherapy (GMIMPR) enhances the efficacy of MRT for advanced 9LGS tumors. Methods: Seventy-six male Fischer 344 rats were implanted ic with 10(4) 9LGS cells on d0. By d14, the cells had generated similar to 40 mm(3) ic 9LGS tumours, experimental models for therapy of moderately aggressive human malignant astrocytomas. Each of the 14 untreated ( control) rats died from a large (> 100 mg) ic tumor before d29 ( median, d21). On d14, the remaining 62 rats were given deliberately suboptimal microbeam radiation therapy ( MRT) by a single lateral exposure of the tumor-bearing zone of the head to a 10.1 mm-wide, similar to 11 mm-high array of 20 39 mu m-wide, nearly parallel beams of synchrotron wiggler-generated radiation ( mainly approximate to 50 - 150 keV X-rays) that delivered 625 Gy peak skin doses at similar to 211 mu m ctc intervals in similar to 300 ms either without additional treatments (MRT-only, 25 rats), with post-MRT GMIMPR (MRT+GMIMPR, 23 rats: multiple sc injections of irradiated (clonogenically-disabled) GM-CSF gene-transfected 9LGS cells), or with post-MRT IMPR (MRT+IMPR, 14 rats: multiple sc injections of irradiated (clonogenically-disabled) 9LGS cells. Results: The median post-implantation survivals of rats in the MRT-only, MRT+GMIMPR and MRT+IMPR groups were over twice that of controls; further, similar to 20% of rats in MRT-only and MRT+IMPR groups survived > 1 yr with no obvious disabilities. Moreover, over 40% of MRT+GMIMPR rats survived > 1 yr with no obvious disabilities, a significant (P< 0.04) increase over the MRT-only and MRT+IMPR groups. Significance: These data suggest that the combination of MRT+GMIMPR might be better than MRT only for unifocal CNS tumors, particularly in infants and young children. C1 Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Pharmacol, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. ESRF, Grenoble, France. Kantonsspital, Inst Pathol, Luzern, Switzerland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Bern, Inst Pathol, Bern, Switzerland. RP Smilowitz, HM (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Pharmacol, Mail Code 6125,263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. EM smilowitz@nso1.uchc.edu RI bravin, alberto/B-4911-2008; Bravin, Alberto/R-8633-2016 OI Bravin, Alberto/0000-0001-6868-2755 NR 42 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-594X J9 J NEURO-ONCOL JI J. Neuro-Oncol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 78 IS 2 BP 135 EP 143 DI 10.1007/s11060-005-9094-9 PG 9 WC Oncology; Clinical Neurology SC Oncology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 049KA UT WOS:000238013800005 PM 16598429 ER PT J AU Becquart, C Matsui, H Snead, L Wirth, BD AF Becquart, C Matsui, H Snead, L Wirth, BD TI 2005 TMS microstructural processes in irradiated materials symposium - Preface SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CNRS, UMR 8517, LMPGM, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Becquart, C (reprint author), CNRS, UMR 8517, LMPGM, Bat C6, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. EM charlotte.becquart@univ-lille1.fr RI Wirth, Brian/O-4878-2015 OI Wirth, Brian/0000-0002-0395-0285 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 351 IS 1-3 BP IX EP IX DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.02.001 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057UL UT WOS:000238620600001 ER PT J AU Becquart, CS Souidi, A Domain, C Hou, M Malerba, L Stoller, RE AF Becquart, CS Souidi, A Domain, C Hou, M Malerba, L Stoller, RE TI Effect of displacement cascade structure and defect mobility on the growth of point defect clusters under irradiation SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Processes in Irradiated Materials held at the Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY FEB 14-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mineral, Metals & Mat Soc, Off Fus Energy Sci `, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Metals & Ceram Div ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; RADIATION-DAMAGE; COLLISION CASCADES; MONTE-CARLO; ALPHA-IRON; FE; ACCUMULATION; SIMULATIONS; ALLOYS; METALS AB The existence of an interplay between the structure of displacement cascades and point defect mobility that influences the long-term evolution of primary damage in alpha-Fe is revealed by applying an object kinetic Monte Carlo (OKMC) method. The investigation was carried out using different parameter sets, which primarily differ in the description of self-interstitial atom (SIA) cluster mobility. Two sets of molecular dynamics cascades (produced with the DYMOKA and the MOLDY codes, using different interatomic potentials) and one set of cascades produced in the binary collision approximation with the MARLOWE code, using a Ziegler-Biersack-Littmark (ZBL) potential were separately used as input for radiation damage simulation. The point defect cluster populations obtained after reaching 0.1 dpa were analyzed in each case and compared. It turns out that the relative influence of using different input cascade datasets on the damage features that evolve depends on which OKMC parameter set is employed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Lille 1, Lab Met Phys & Genie Mat, UMR 8517, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. Ctr Univ Saida, Saida, Algeria. Univ Libre Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. EDF R&D, Dept MMC, F-77818 Moret Sur Loing, France. CEN SCK, Reactor Mat Res Unit, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Becquart, CS (reprint author), Univ Lille 1, Lab Met Phys & Genie Mat, UMR 8517, Bat C6, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. EM charlotte.becquart@univ-lille1.fr RI Stoller, Roger/H-4454-2011 NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 351 IS 1-3 BP 39 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.02.022 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057UL UT WOS:000238620600005 ER PT J AU Samaras, M Derlet, PM Van Swygenhoven, H Victoria, M AF Samaras, M. Derlet, P. M. Van Swygenhoven, H. Victoria, M. TI Atomic scale modelling of the primary damage state of irradiated fcc and bcc nanocrystalline metals SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Processes in Irradiated Materials held at the Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY FEB 14-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mineral, Metals & Mat Soc, Off Fus Energy Sci `, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Metals & Ceram Div ID DEFECT CLUSTER FORMATION; SELF-INTERSTITIAL ATOMS; DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; RADIATION-DAMAGE; NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS; ANNEALING KINETICS; TENSILE PROPERTIES AB Large scale molecular dynamics computer simulations of the irradiation of nanocrystalline fcc Ni and bcc Fe show differences in defect production, with different vacancy cluster structures forming during displacement cascades. Differences in defect production also exist in comparison to their single crystal counterparts. The primary damage state after irradiation is discussed in terms of defect production as a consequence of the grain boundaries present and of the crystalline structure in order to describe the effect of these microstructural parameters. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Paul Scherrer Inst, NES, High Temperature Mat Grp, NUM ASQ, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Politecn Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Samaras, M (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, NES, High Temperature Mat Grp, NUM ASQ, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. EM maria.samaras@psi.ch NR 59 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 4 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 351 IS 1-3 BP 47 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.02.030 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057UL UT WOS:000238620600006 ER PT J AU Caturla, MJ Soneda, N de la Rubia, TD Fluss, M AF Caturla, M. J. Soneda, N. de la Rubia, T. Diaz Fluss, M. TI Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations applied to irradiated materials: The effect of cascade damage in defect nucleation and growth SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Processes in Irradiated Materials held at the Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY FEB 14-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mineral, Metals & Mat Soc, Off Fus Energy Sci `, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Metals & Ceram Div ID DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; RADIATION-DAMAGE; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; COLLISION CASCADES; CLUSTER FORMATION; POINT-DEFECTS; F.C.C. METALS; FCC METALS; ALPHA-IRON AB Kinetic Monte Carlo is used extensively in the field of radiation effects to understand damage accumulation and growth under irradiation. These calculations require previous knowledge on the formation of these defects, the relative stabilities of the different types of defects, their interactions and their mobilities. Many of these parameters can be extracted from molecular dynamics calculations using empirical potentials or from ab initio calculations. However, the number of parameters necessary for a complete picture is rather large. Kinetic Monte Carlo can be used as a tool to isolate those parameters that most influence the outcome of the calculations. In this paper, we focus on one aspect: the form of the damage after the collision cascade. We describe the effect of the form of the cascade as obtained from molecular dynamics simulations on damage accumulation. In particular, we demonstrate that the form of the cascade drastically changes the nucleation and growth of helium-vacancy clusters, possible precursors of voids and bubbles. Finally, we point to those open questions that need to be resolved to develop a truly predictive kinetic Monte Carlo model. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alicante, Dept Fis Aplicada, E-03690 Alicante, Spain. CRIEPI, Komae, Tokyo, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Dir, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Caturla, MJ (reprint author), Univ Alicante, Dept Fis Aplicada, E-03690 Alicante, Spain. EM mj.caturla@ua.es RI Caturla, Maria /D-6241-2012 OI Caturla, Maria /0000-0002-4809-6553 NR 49 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 351 IS 1-3 BP 78 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.02.019 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057UL UT WOS:000238620600009 ER PT J AU Seletskaia, T Osetsky, YN Stoller, RE Stocks, GM AF Seletskaia, T. Osetsky, Yu. N. Stoller, R. E. Stocks, G. M. TI Calculation of helium defect clustering properties in iron using a multi-scale approach SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Processes in Irradiated Materials held at the Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY FEB 14-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mineral, Metals & Mat Soc, Off Fus Energy Sci `, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Metals & Ceram Div ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; BCC METALS; BUBBLE; POTENTIALS; TRANSITION; MIGRATION; GAS AB Electronic structure calculations were used to study the relaxation, formation and binding energies of small helium clusters in iron. We considered three He defect configurations: two He atoms in an interstitial position and two and three He atoms located in one vacancy. To study He-vacancy clusters containing more He atoms, we used a multi-scale approach and constructed an empirical potential fitted to both formation and relaxation energies of a single He defect and small He clusters obtained from the first principles calculations. The potential consists of a repulsive pair-interaction part and a many-body attractive term describing the cohesion. The potential was used to study stability of He-vacancy clusters at zero temperature. The binding energy of a He atom to a He-cluster varies from 1.3 eV to 1.9 eV depending on the cluster size. When more than six He atoms are placed into a vacancy an Fe self-interstitial atom (SIA) is produced. The SIA binding energy to a He-di-vacancy cluster decreases from 5.0 eV to 0.7 eV as the number of He atoms increases. The results obtained are consistent with experimental observations of helium desorption reported in the literature. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stoller, RE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Bldg 4500S,MS-6138,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM rkn@ornl.gov RI Stoller, Roger/H-4454-2011; Stocks, George Malcollm/Q-1251-2016; OI Stocks, George Malcollm/0000-0002-9013-260X; Osetskiy, Yury/0000-0002-8109-0030 NR 30 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 351 IS 1-3 BP 109 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.02.016 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057UL UT WOS:000238620600012 ER PT J AU Gao, F Heinisch, H Kurtz, RJ AF Gao, F Heinisch, H Kurtz, RJ TI Diffusion of He interstitials in grain boundaries in alpha-Fe SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Processes in Irradiated Materials held at the Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY FEB 14-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mineral, Metals & Mat Soc, Off Fus Energy Sci `, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Metals & Ceram Div ID REACTOR STRUCTURAL-MATERIALS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; HELIUM; CLUSTERS; IRON; EMBRITTLEMENT; IRRADIATION; DEFECTS; COPPER AB Helium diffusion in metals is a complex process due to its very low solubility in solids and its ability to be trapped by vacancy type defects or impurities. The preferential positions and predominant migration mechanisms of He atoms depend on temperature, as well as the presence of other intrinsic or irradiation induced defects that can act as traps for He. This work presents results of a systematic molecular dynamics study of the diffusion mechanisms of He atoms in grain boundaries in alpha-Fe. Two grain boundaries, Sigma 11 < 110 > {323} and Sigma 3 < 110 > {112}, were used for the current investigations. The low-temperature (about 0 K) equilibrium structures of these grain boundaries were determined using standard molecular dynamics relaxation techniques, with a flexible border condition. The migration of He atoms were followed for 1-14 ns, at temperatures between 600 and 1200 K. The diffusion coefficient of He atoms using the mean square displacements of He atoms, and the effective migration energies were determined. We found that He atoms diffuse rapidly in the Sigma 11 grain boundary, where the binding energy of a He atom to the boundary is high. He migration is primarily one-dimensional along specific directions, but a few directional changes were observed at higher temperatures. In the D grain boundary, where the He binding energy is low, He atoms migrate one-dimensionally at low temperature, two-dimensionally at intermediate temperature and three-dimensionally at higher temperature. The different activation energies and diffusion mechanisms in these two representative grain boundaries suggests that the atomic structures of the grain boundaries play an important role in the difftusivity of He. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gao, F (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MS K8-93,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM fei.gao@pnl.gov RI Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012 NR 21 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 351 IS 1-3 BP 133 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.02.015 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057UL UT WOS:000238620600014 ER PT J AU Heinisch, HL Gao, F Kurtz, RJ Le, EA AF Heinisch, HL Gao, F Kurtz, RJ Le, EA TI Interaction of helium atoms with edge dislocations in alpha-Fe SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Processes in Irradiated Materials held at the Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY FEB 14-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mineral, Metals & Mat Soc, Off Fus Energy Sci `, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Metals & Ceram Div ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; VACANCY CLUSTERS; EMBRITTLEMENT; STEELS AB Formation energies, binding energies, and migration energies of interstitial He atoms in and near the core of an a/2 < 111 > {110} edge dislocation in alpha-Fe are determined in atomistic simulations using conjugate gradient relaxation and the Dimer method for determining saddle point energies. Results are compared as a function of the proximity of the He to the dislocation core and the excess interstitial volume in regions around the dislocation. Interstitial He atoms have negative binding energy on the compression side of the dislocation and strong positive binding energy on the tension side. Even at low temperatures, interstitial He atoms in the vicinity of the dislocation easily migrate to the dislocation core, where they form crowdion interstitials oriented along the close-packed slip direction, with binding energies in excess of 2 eV. Crowdion interstitial He atoms diffuse along the dislocation core, transverse to the crowdion direction, with a migration energy of 0.4-0.5 eV. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Heinisch, HL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, P8-15,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM hl.heinisch@pnl.gov RI Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012 NR 18 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 351 IS 1-3 BP 141 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.02.027 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057UL UT WOS:000238620600015 ER PT J AU Okuniewski, MA Wells, DP Selim, FA Maloy, SA James, MR Stubbins, JF Deo, CS Srivilliputhur, SG Baskes, MI AF Okuniewski, MA Wells, DP Selim, FA Maloy, SA James, MR Stubbins, JF Deo, CS Srivilliputhur, SG Baskes, MI TI Positron annihilation spectroscopy of proton irradiated single crystal BCC iron SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Processes in Irradiated Materials held at the Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY FEB 14-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mineral, Metals & Mat Soc, Off Fus Energy Sci `, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Metals & Ceram Div ID STAINLESS-STEEL; AUSTENITIC ALLOYS; HELIUM; HYDROGEN; MICROSTRUCTURE; RADIATION; METALS; DAMAGE; EVOLUTION; SPECTRA AB Positron annihilation spectroscopy was used to analyze the open-volume defects created in single crystal, body-centered cubic iron irradiated with 1.0 MeV protons. The effects of irradiation dose and temperature were investigated. A novel technique utilizing a Bremsstrahlung beam to activate and induce positron decay in the bulk specimens, followed by Doppler broadening spectroscopy, was employed. No open-volume defects were detected in the 0.03 dpa irradiated specimens. However, the 0.3 dpa specimens exhibited an increase in the S parameter when compared to the 0.03 dpa specimens at 723 K. The 0.3 dpa specimen at 723 K indicated an increase in open-volume defects, as the radiation temperature increased compared to the 573 K, 0.3 dpa specimen. This was thought to be a consequence of the void and dislocation loop density decreasing while the void and dislocation loop diameter was increasing. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Idaho State Univ, Dept Phys, Idaho Accelerator Ctr, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Okuniewski, MA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, 103 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM okuniews@uiuc.edu RI Maloy, Stuart/A-8672-2009; Selim, Farida/N-8077-2016 OI Maloy, Stuart/0000-0001-8037-1319; NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 351 IS 1-3 BP 149 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.02.008 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057UL UT WOS:000238620600016 ER PT J AU Allen, TR Tan, L Gan, J Gupta, G Was, GS Kenik, EA Shutthanandan, S Thevuthasan, S AF Allen, T. R. Tan, L. Gan, J. Gupta, G. Was, G. S. Kenik, E. A. Shutthanandan, S. Thevuthasan, S. TI Microstructural development in advanced ferritic-martensitic steel HCM12A SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Processes in Irradiated Materials held at the Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY FEB 14-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mineral, Metals & Mat Soc, Off Fus Energy Sci `, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Metals & Ceram Div ID GRAIN-BOUNDARY SEGREGATION; RADIATION-INDUCED SEGREGATION; ALLOYS; IRRADIATION; SOLUTE AB HCM12A is an advanced nominal 12Cr ferritic-martensitic steel designed for higher temperature operation and is under consideration for application in core components in Generation IV nuclear energy systems. This work provides information on the hardening and microstructural changes in HCM12A after irradiation using 2.0 MeV protons at 400 degrees C to 10 dpa and at 500 degrees C to 3 dpa, and using 5 MeV Ni-ions at 500 degrees C to 50 dpa. Following irradiation, changes in hardness were measured using Vickers hardness indentation, changes in microstructure and phase stability were studied using transmission electron microscopy, and changes in microchemistry were measured using scanning Auger microscopy and analytical electron microscopy. The hardness at 400 degrees C increases by roughly 70% and saturates by roughly 5 dpa. The microstructural changes contributing to this hardness increase are mainly the formation of precipitate phases. Hardness increases are much smaller at 500 degrees C. Chromium is enriched at grain boundaries prior to irradiation, likely due to grain boundary carbides, and increases further during irradiation at least partially due to radiation-induced segregation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Nucl Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Allen, TR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Nucl Engn, 1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM allen@engr.wisc.edu RI Tan, Lizhen/A-7886-2009; OI Tan, Lizhen/0000-0002-3418-2450; Allen, Todd/0000-0002-2372-7259 NR 25 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 351 IS 1-3 BP 174 EP 186 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.02.014 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057UL UT WOS:000238620600019 ER PT J AU Miller, MK Sokolov, MA Nanstad, RK Russell, KF AF Miller, MK Sokolov, MA Nanstad, RK Russell, KF TI APT characterization of high nickel RPV steels SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Processes in Irradiated Materials held at the Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY FEB 14-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mineral, Metals & Mat Soc, Off Fus Energy Sci `, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Metals & Ceram Div ID PRESSURE-VESSEL STEELS; IRRADIATION; EMBRITTLEMENT; BEHAVIOR AB The microstructures of three high nickel content pressure vessel steels have been characterized by atom probe tomography to investigate the influence of high nickel levels on the response to neutron irradiation of high and low copper pressure vessel steels. The high-nickel, low-manganese, low-copper VVER-1000 weld and forging exhibited lower than predicted levels of embrittlement during neutron irradiation. The Palisades weld exhibits a Delta T-41J of 102 degrees C which was significantly lower than the value of 154 degrees C predicted by Reg. Guide 1.99 Rev. 2. Atom probe tomography revealed nickel-, manganese-, and silicon-enriched precipitates in both the VVER- 1000 base and weld materials after neutron irradiation. A high number density of copper-, nickel-, manganese-, silicon- and phosphorus-enriched precipitates were observed in the Palisades weld after neutron irradiation. Atom probe tomography also revealed high levels of phosphorus segregation to the dislocations in all three materials. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Microstruct Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Miller, MK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Microstruct Grp, POB 2008,bldg 4500 S,MS 6136, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM millermk@ornl.gov NR 31 TC 38 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 351 IS 1-3 BP 187 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.02.013 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057UL UT WOS:000238620600020 ER PT J AU Glade, SC Wirth, BD Odette, GR Asoka-Kumar, P AF Glade, SC Wirth, BD Odette, GR Asoka-Kumar, P TI Positron annihilation spectroscopy and small angle neutron scattering characterization of nanostructural features in high-nickel model reactor pressure vessel steels SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Processes in Irradiated Materials held at the Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY FEB 14-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mineral, Metals & Mat Soc, Off Fus Energy Sci `, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Metals & Ceram Div ID IRRADIATED FE-CU; ATOM-PROBE; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; ALLOYS; EMBRITTLEMENT; MN; MICROSCOPY; STATE AB Irradiation embrittlement in nuclear reactor pressure vessel steels results from the hardening by a high number density of nanometer scale features. In steels with more than approximate to 0.10% Cu. the dominant features are often Cu-rich precipitates typically alloyed with Mn, Ni and Si. At low-Cu and low-to-intermediate Ni levels, so-called matrix hardening features are believed to be vacancy-solute cluster complexes, or their remnants. However, Mn-Ni-Si rich precipitates, with Mn plus Ni contents greater than Cu, can form at high alloy Ni contents and are promoted at irradiation temperatures lower than the nominal 290 degrees C. Even at very low-Cu levels, late blooming Mn-Ni-Si rich precipitates are a significant concern due to their potential to form large volume fractions of hardening features. Positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) and small angle neutron scattering neutron (SANS) measurements were used to characterize the fine-scale microstructure in split-melt A533B steels with varying Ni and Cu contents, irradiated at selected conditions from 270 to 310 degrees C between approximate to 0.04 and 1.6 x 10(23) n m(-2). The objective was to assess the character, composition and magnetic properties of Cu-rich precipitates, as well as to gain insight on the matrix features. The results suggest that the irradiated very low-Cu and intermediate Ni steel contains small vacancy-Mn-Ni-Si cluster complexes, but not large, well-formed and highly enriched Mn-Ni-Si phases. The hardening features in steels containing 0.2% and 0.4% Cu, and 0.8% and 1.6% Ni are consistent with well-formed, non-magnetic Cu-Ni-Mn precipitates. The precipitate number densities and volume fractions increase, while their sizes decrease, with increasing Ni and decreasing irradiation temperature. The precipitates evolve with fluence in stages of nucleation, growth and limited coarsening. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Wirth, BD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bdwirth@nuc.berkeley.edu RI Wirth, Brian/O-4878-2015 OI Wirth, Brian/0000-0002-0395-0285 NR 36 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 351 IS 1-3 BP 197 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.02.012 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057UL UT WOS:000238620600021 ER PT J AU Miller, MK Nanstad, RK Sokolov, MA Russell, KF AF Miller, MK Nanstad, RK Sokolov, MA Russell, KF TI The effects of irradiation, annealing and reirradiation on RPV steels SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Processes in Irradiated Materials held at the Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY FEB 14-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mineral, Metals & Mat Soc, Off Fus Energy Sci `, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Metals & Ceram Div ID PRESSURE-VESSEL STEELS; ATOM-PROBE CHARACTERIZATION; NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; EMBRITTLEMENT; WELDS AB An atom probe tomography microstructural characterization has been performed on an A533B pressure vessel steel (JRQ) after irradiation to a fluence of 5 x 10(23) n m(-2) (E > 1 MeV) and a subsequent annealing treatment of 168 h at 460 degrees C and also through two cycles of neutron irradiation (0.85 x 10(23) n m(-2) (E > 1 MeV)) and annealing (168 h at 460 degrees C). The alloy that was neutron irradiated to a fluence of 5 x 10(23) n m(-2) exhibited a high number density of Cu-enriched precipitates and a shift in the ductile-to-brittle transformation temperature of Delta T-41J = 96 degrees C. Annealing for 168 h at 460 degrees C coarsened these Cu-enriched precipitates and recovered the embrittlement. The material that was re-irradiated to a total fluence 1.7 x 10(23) n m(-2) also exhibited a high number density of Cu-enriched precipitates and a Delta T-41J shift of 56 degrees C. Annealing the re-irradiated material for 168 h at 460 degrees C coarsened these precipitates and recovered the embrittlement. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Microstruct Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Miller, MK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Microstruct Grp, POB 2008,Bldg 4500S,MS 6136, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM millerrnk@ornl.gov NR 30 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 351 IS 1-3 BP 216 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.02.010 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057UL UT WOS:000238620600023 ER PT J AU Gan, J Cole, JI Allen, TR Shutthanandan, S Thevuthasan, S AF Gan, J Cole, JI Allen, TR Shutthanandan, S Thevuthasan, S TI Irradiated microstructure of alloy 800H SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Processes in Irradiated Materials held at the Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY FEB 14-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mineral, Metals & Mat Soc, Off Fus Energy Sci `, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Metals & Ceram Div AB Austenitic alloy 800H has the same basic composition as INCOLOY alloy 800 (Fe-20Cr-32Ni) but with significantly higher creep-rupture strength due to a required 60 pm minimum grain size. It is one of the high temperature candidate alloys being considered for Generation IV nuclear reactor systems. The radiation resistance of 800H has not been previously studied. This work provides information on the microstructural changes in 800H after irradiation using 5.0 MeV Ni ions at 500 degrees C to 5 and 50 dpa. Following irradiation,. changes in microstructure and phase stability were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). At a dose of 50 dpa, no voids were found and the density and size of the faulted loops were measured to be 2.3 x 10(16) cm(-3) and 8.4 nm. respectively. There are fine precipitates distributed in 800H with an average size approximately 6 nm and a density greater than 9.1 X 10(15) cm(-3). The high Ni content and the presence of precipitates are believed to be responsible for the resistance to void formation at dose up to 50 dpa. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gan, J (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Jian.Gan@inl.gov OI Allen, Todd/0000-0002-2372-7259; Cole, James/0000-0003-1178-5846 NR 10 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 351 IS 1-3 BP 223 EP 227 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.02.009 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057UL UT WOS:000238620600024 ER PT J AU Katoh, Y Hashimoto, N Kondo, S Snead, LL Kohyama, A AF Katoh, Y. Hashimoto, N. Kondo, S. Snead, L. L. Kohyama, A. TI Microstructural development in cubic silicon carbide during irradiation at elevated temperatures SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Processes in Irradiated Materials held at the Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY FEB 14-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mineral, Metals & Mat Soc, Off Fus Energy Sci `, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Metals & Ceram Div ID RESOLUTION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; RADIATION-DAMAGE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SICF/SIC COMPOSITES; ANNEALING BEHAVIOR; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; CERAMIC MATERIALS; SPIN-RESONANCE AB Microstructural development in chemically vapor-deposited (CVD) high-purity beta-SiC during neutron and self-ion irradiation at elevated temperatures was studied. The CVD SiC samples were examined by transmission electron microscopy following neutron irradiation to 4.5-7.7 x 10(25) n/m(2) (E > 0. 1 MeV) at 300 and 800 degrees C and 5.1 MeV Si2+ ion irradiation up to similar to 200 dpa at 600-1400 degrees C. The evolution of various irradiation-produced defects including black spot defects, dislocation loops, network dislocations, and cavities was characterized as a function of irradiation temperature and fluence. It was demonstrated that the black spot defects and small dislocation loops continue to dominate at relatively low temperatures ( 10(24) m(-3), similar to 1 nm diameter) was detected following irradiation to 0.79 dpa. The neutron irradiation led to an increase in the yield stress and a decrease in the uniform elongation as a function of increasing dose. Examination of specimens after tensile deformation revealed localized deformation in the form of cleared dislocation channels. Relatively few channels were formed in the uniform elongation region of the gage section. Dislocation channels on multiple slip systems were observed in the deformation region near the fracture surface, presumably due to the multiaxial stress state produced during necking and fracture of the tensile specimen. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Riso Natl Lab, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RP Zinkle, SJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zinklesj@ornl.gov OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 55 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 351 IS 1-3 BP 269 EP 284 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.02.031 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057UL UT WOS:000238620600029 ER PT J AU Matsukawa, Y Osetsky, YN Stoller, RE Zinkle, SJ AF Matsukawa, Y Osetsky, YN Stoller, RE Zinkle, SJ TI Destruction processes of large stacking fault tetrahedra induced by direct interaction with gliding dislocations SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Processes in Irradiated Materials held at the Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY FEB 14-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mineral, Metals & Mat Soc, Off Fus Energy Sci `, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Metals & Ceram Div ID QUENCHED GOLD; SINGLE CRYSTALS; FCC METALS; COPPER; DEFORMATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; IRRADIATION; ENERGIES; DEFECTS AB The destruction process of large non-truncated stacking fault tetrahedra (SFTs) induced by gliding dislocations was examined by in situ transmission electron microscope straining experiments. Three different destruction processes were observed: a triangular Frank loop remained after the collapse (Type 1), the whole SFT was incorporated into a gliding dislocation as multiple super jog segments (Type 2), and an apex portion of the original SFT remained as a smaller SFT while the base portion was annihilated (Type 3). The remnants of Type 1 and 2 destruction processes were similar to those of previous models proposed by Kimura, indicating that these processes are based on dislocation reactions as assumed in Kimura models. On contrary, the Type 3 process, which was entirely different from Kimura models, is occasionally accompanied by vacancy migration. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Matsukawa, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008,MS-1638, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM matsukaway@ornl.gov RI Matsukawa, Yoshitaka/C-2274-2011; Stoller, Roger/H-4454-2011; OI Matsukawa, Yoshitaka/0000-0002-7888-3478; Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915; Osetskiy, Yury/0000-0002-8109-0030 NR 23 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 351 IS 1-3 BP 285 EP 294 DI 10.1016/j.jucmat.2006.02.003 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057UL UT WOS:000238620600030 ER PT J AU Hashimoto, N Byun, TS Farrell, K AF Hashimoto, N Byun, TS Farrell, K TI Microstructural analysis of deformation in neutron-irradiated fcc materials SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Processes in Irradiated Materials held at the Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY FEB 14-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mineral, Metals & Mat Soc, Off Fus Energy Sci `, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Metals & Ceram Div ID STAINLESS-STEEL; LOW-TEMPERATURE; METALS; COPPER; STRENGTH; VANADIUM AB Plastically deformed microstructures in neutron-irradiated face centered cubic (fcc) materials, copper.. nickel, and 316 stainless steel (316SS), were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Neutron irradiation in the range of 65-100 degrees C up to 1 displacement per atom (dpa) induced a high number density of black spots. stacking fault tetrahedra (SFT) and Frank loops, which resulted in irradiation-induced hardening. Deformation of irradiated fcc materials induced various micro structures, such as dislocation channels, stacking faults, and twins. In the 316SS irradiated to 0.1-0.8 dpa, the deformation microstructure consisted of a mixture of dislocation bands, tangles, twins, dislocation channels, and also martensite phase. Deformation-induced martensite transformation tends to occur with dislocation channeling, suggesting that localized deformation could lead to transformation of austenite to martensite at a high stress level. At higher irradiation doses (0.1-1 dpa), dislocation channeling became the dominant deformation mode in fec materials, and is coincident with prompt plastic instability at yield. The channel width seems to be wider when the angle between tensile direction and dislocation slip direction is close to 45 degrees. Furthermore, the correlation between channel width and resolved shear stress appears to be material dependent, with copper having the greatest slope and 316SS the smallest. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hashimoto, N (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008,1 Bethel Valley Rd,Bldg 4500S, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hashimoton@ornl.gov RI HASHIMOTO, Naoyuki/D-6366-2012 NR 17 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 351 IS 1-3 BP 295 EP 302 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.02.032 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057UL UT WOS:000238620600031 ER PT J AU Byun, TS Hashimoto, N Farrell, K AF Byun, TS Hashimoto, N Farrell, K TI Deformation mode map of irradiated 316 stainless steel in true stress-dose space SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Processes in Irradiated Materials held at the Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY FEB 14-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mineral, Metals & Mat Soc, Off Fus Energy Sci `, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Metals & Ceram Div ID AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEEL; LOW-TEMPERATURE IRRADIATION; STACKING-FAULT TETRAHEDRON; COPPER SINGLE CRYSTALS; NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; POLYCRYSTALLINE METALS; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; MICROSTRUCTURES; DISLOCATIONS; MECHANISMS AB Microscopic and macroscopic deformation modes in type 316 stainless steels after low-temperature irradiation have been mapped into the true stress-dose coordinate system. This paper defines and explains the deformation modes in 316 and 316LN stainless steels and suggests the procedures to produce a deformation mode map. A variety of microstructural features such as dislocation tangles and pileups, dislocation channels, stacking faults, and twins have been observed in the deformation of irradiated stainless steels. Attempts were also made to depict macroscopic phenomena such as uniform deformation, necking, and final fracture in the map. Stress criteria for twinning, channeling, plastic instability, and final failure were proposed and used to establish boundaries between the different deformation modes. Two alternative strain localization mechanisms, twinning and channeling, shared the high-dose region. The region of stable plastic deformation became narrower as dose increased, while the elastic deformation region was enlarged with dose and the unstable deformation region was kept unchanged over the whole dose range. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Byun, TS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008,MS-6151, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM byunts@ornl.gov RI HASHIMOTO, Naoyuki/D-6366-2012 NR 46 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 351 IS 1-3 BP 303 EP 315 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.02.033 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057UL UT WOS:000238620600032 ER PT J AU Cole, JI Tsai, H Allen, TR Yoshitake, T Akasaka, N Yamagata, I Nakamura, Y AF Cole, JI Tsai, H Allen, TR Yoshitake, T Akasaka, N Yamagata, I Nakamura, Y TI Strain-rate effects on microstructural deformation in irradiated 316 SS SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Processes in Irradiated Materials held at the Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY FEB 14-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mineral, Metals & Mat Soc, Off Fus Energy Sci `, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Metals & Ceram Div ID PLASTIC INSTABILITY; STAINLESS-STEEL AB A series of studies have been performed to investigate the post-irradiation deformation and failure behavior of 12% cold-worked 316 stainless steel following irradiation to variety of doses and temperatures in the outer rows of the experimental breeder reactor II (EBR-II). In the current phase of these studies, three sets of samples with different radiation-induced microstructures have been characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) following tensile testing to failure at a 'fast' strain-rate (1 x 10(-3) s(-1)) and a 'slow' strain-rate (1 x 10(-7) s(-1)). The samples were irradiated to doses between 9 and 41 dpa at temperatures between 383 and 443 degrees C. Tensile tests were conducted at a temperature of 430 degrees C and only regions outside of the necked region were examined. Over the parameters tested, strain-rate had a negligible effect on the deformation microstructure. In addition, there was no clear evidence of localized deformation behavior and the deformation appeared relatively homogeneous, characterized by unfaulting and incorporation of faulted dislocation loops into the general dislocation network structure. The influence of the defect microstructures and strain-rate on deformation behavior is discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Nucl Fuels & Mat Dept, Idaho Falls, ID USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res & Dev Agcy, Oarai, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Cole, JI (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Nucl Fuels & Mat Dept, POB 1625,MS 6188, Idaho Falls, ID USA. EM Jim.Cole@inl.gov OI Allen, Todd/0000-0002-2372-7259; Cole, James/0000-0003-1178-5846 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 351 IS 1-3 BP 316 EP 323 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.02.034 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 057UL UT WOS:000238620600033 ER PT J AU Xie, X Fox, SL Bala, GA AF Xie, X. Fox, S. L. Bala, G. A. TI Spontaneous imbibition in porous basalt mediated by microbial perturbations SO JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Reservoir Wettability CY MAY 16-18, 2004 CL Rice Univ, Houston, TX HO Rice Univ DE basalt; vugs; spontaneous imbibition; NAPLs; microorganisms ID WETTABILITY LITERATURE SURVEY; CAPILLARY-PRESSURE; SATURATION AB The fate and transport of organic contaminants in subsurface depend on complex interactions between several system components such as fluid chemistries, geochemistry, microbiology, geology, and physical parameters. This study describes imbibition studies to assess the incipient interaction between selected hydrocarbons and pertinent mineral surfaces as a function of aqueous phase chemistry and microbiological perturbation. Microbial perturbations may have significant impact with respect to monitoring the contaminants and finding better strategies for remediation. Basalt cores used in laboratory experiments were obtained at depths of 200 to 300 ft from a test well located at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL). Thin section analysis of core samples showed that the basalt was formed from feldspar and pyroxene crystals with most of the pore space occurring as vugs. Mercury injection tests indicated a wide range of pore throat sizes through which the vugs could be accessed. All of the vugs were connected by inter/intra crystalline pores that were less than about 0.5 mu m in width. Although most pore space occurs as vugs, miscible displacement tracer tests did not reveal significant heterogeneity. Base-case spontaneous imbibition tests were conducted on cores that had been fully saturated with dodecane using synthetic groundwater as the invading phase. Imbibition tests were then performed against basalt with cell-free supernatants and sonicants (diluted by synthetic groundwater) of three indigenous microorganisms, Acinetobacter genospecies, Arthrobacter globiformis and Bacillus atrophaeus that had been isolated from the test well. Waterflooding was performed on each core after imbibition testing to obtain the Amott wettability index to water. Imbibition tests show that, although the basalt/dodecane/synthetic groundwater system was strongly water-wetted, the scaled imbibition rate was much slower than previously observed for other core types such as sandstone and limestone. The production of organics obtained by waterflooding after spontaneous imbibition was close to zero, indicating that the basalt was strongly water-wet. At the same time, the water permeability by waterflooding was often extremely small at imbibition residual organic saturation. The distribution of trapped oil and its effect on relative permeability in the crystalline matrix may explain the relatively slow imbibition rates that were observed. The addition of microbial components in the invading aqueous phase resulted in higher imbibition rates and final recovery of organics than observed for synthetic groundwater. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Xie, X (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM xina.xie@inl.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-4105 J9 J PETROL SCI ENG JI J. Pet. Sci. Eng. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 52 IS 1-4 BP 287 EP 296 DI 10.1016/j.petrol.2006.03.023 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 062FH UT WOS:000238929500022 ER PT J AU Bryant, JA Yogodzinski, GM Hall, ML Lewicki, JL Bailey, DG AF Bryant, JA Yogodzinski, GM Hall, ML Lewicki, JL Bailey, DG TI Geochemical constraints on the origin of volcanic rocks from the Andean northern volcanic zone, Ecuador SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Review DE andesite; Ecuador; trace elements; isotopes; adakite ID NORTHWESTERN SOUTH-AMERICA; REGION 18-DEGREES-S 69-DEGREES-W; RASPAS METAMORPHIC COMPLEX; UNDERPLATED BASALTIC CRUST; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; TRACE-ELEMENT; MANTLE WEDGE; GEODYNAMIC EVOLUTION; OCEANIC PLATEAU; ISLAND ARCS AB Whole-rock geochemical data on basaltic to rhyolitic samples from 12 volcanic centers are used to constrain the role of continental crust in the genesis of magmas formed beneath the anomalously wide subduction-related volcanic arc in Ecuador. Relatively homogeneous, mantle-like, isotopic compositions across the arc imply that the parental magmas in Ecuador were produced largely within the mantle wedge above the subduction zone and not by extensive melting of crustal rocks similar to those upon which the volcanoes were built. Cross-arc changes in Nd-143/Nd-144 and Delta 7/4Pb are interpreted to result from assimilation of geochemically mature continental crust, especially in the main arc area, 330-360 km from the trench. Mixing calculations limit the quantity of assimilated crust to less than similar to 10%. Most andesites and dacites in Ecuador have adakite-like trace element characteristics (e.g. Y < 18 ppm, Yb < 2 ppm, La/Yb > 20, Sr/Y > 40). Available whole-rock data do not provide a clear basis for distinguishing between slab-melting and deep crustal fractionation models for the genesis of Ecuador adakites; published data highlighting geochemical evolution within individual volcanoes, and in magmatic rocks produced throughout Ecuador since the Eocene, appear to support the deep fractionation model for the genesis of most evolved Ecuadoran lavas. A subset of andesites, which display a combination of high Sr (> 900 ppm), epsilon Nd > 4.1 and Delta 7/4Pb < 6.0, appear to be the best candidates among Ecuador lavas for slab-melts associated with the subduction of the relatively young, over-thickened, oceanic crust of the Carnegie Ridge. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Escuela Politec Nacl, Inst Geofis, Quito, Ecuador. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hamilton Coll, Dept Geosci, Clinton, NY 13323 USA. RP Yogodzinski, GM (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, 701 Sumter St, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM gyogodzin@geol.sc.edu NR 118 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1147 EP 1175 DI 10.1093/petrology/egl006 PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 039QL UT WOS:000237321200004 ER PT J AU Ruscic, B Pinzon, RE Morton, ML Srinivasan, NK Su, MC Sutherland, JW Michael, JV AF Ruscic, B Pinzon, RE Morton, ML Srinivasan, NK Su, MC Sutherland, JW Michael, JV TI Active thermochemical tables: Accurate enthalpy of formation of hydroperoxyl radical, HO2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID BOND-DISSOCIATION ENERGIES; SET MODEL CHEMISTRY; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL GEOMETRIES; PROTON-TRANSFER REACTIONS; GAS-PHASE ACIDITY; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; REDOX POTENTIALS; RATE-CONSTANT; AB-INITIO; THEORETICAL CHARACTERIZATION AB Through the use of the Active Thermochemical Tables approach, the best currently available enthalpy of formation of HO2 has been obtained as Delta H-f(298)degrees(HO2) 2.94 +/- 0.06 kcal mol(-1) (3.64 +/- 0.06 kcal mol(-1) at 0 K). The related enthalpy of formation of the positive ion, HO2+, within the stationary electron convention is Delta H-f(298)degrees(HO2+)=264.71 +/- 0.14 kcal mol(-1) (265.41 +/- 0.14 kcal mol(-1) at 0 K), while that for the negative ion, HO2- (within the same convention), is Delta H-f(298)degrees(HO2-)= -21.86 +/- 0.11 kcal mol(-1) (-21.22 +/- 0.11 kcal mol(-1) at 0 K). The related proton affinity of molecular oxygen is PA(298)(O-2)=100.98 +/- 0.14 kcal mol(-1) (99.81 +/- 0.14 kcal mol(-1) at 0 K), while the gas phase acidity of H2O2 is Delta(acid)G(298)degrees(H2O2)=369.08 +/- 0.11 kcal mol(-1), with the corresponding enthalpy of deprotonation of H2O2 of Delta H-acid(298)degrees (H2O2) 376.27 +/- 0.11 kcal mol(-1) (375.02 +/- 0.11 kcal mol(-1) at 0 K). In addition, a further improved enthalpy of formation of OH is briefly outlined, Delta H-f(298)degrees(OH) 8.93 +/- 0.03 kcal mol(-1) (8.87 +/- 0.03 kcal mol(-1) at 0 K), together with new and more accurate enthalpies of formation of NO, Delta H-f(298)degrees(NO)=21.76 +/- 0.02 kcal mol(-1) (21.64 +/- 0.02 kcal mol(-1) at 0 K) and NO2, Delta H-f(298)degrees(NO2)=8.12 +/- 0.02 kcal mol(-1) (8.79 +/- 0.02 kcal mol(-1) at 0 K), as well as H2O2 in the gas phase, Delta H-f(298) (H2O2)= -32.45 +/- 0.04 kcal mol(-1) (-31.01 +/- 0.04 kcal mol(-1) at 0 K). The new thermochemistry of HO2, together with other arguments given in the present work, suggests that the previous equilibrium constant for NO + HO2 -> OH + NO2 was underestimated by a factor of similar to 2, implicating that the OH + NO2 rate was overestimated by the same factor. This point is experimentally explored in the companion paper of Srinivasan et al. ( next paper in this issue). C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Sonoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. RP Ruscic, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ruscic@anl.gov RI Michael, Joe/E-3907-2010; Ruscic, Branko/A-8716-2008 OI Ruscic, Branko/0000-0002-4372-6990 NR 83 TC 177 Z9 177 U1 0 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 21 BP 6592 EP 6601 DI 10.1021/jp056311j PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 046SO UT WOS:000237831500003 PM 16722670 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, NK Su, MC Sutherland, JW Michael, JV Ruscic, B AF Srinivasan, Nanda K. Su, Meng-Chih Sutherland, James W. Michael, Joe V. Ruscic, Branko TI Reflected shock tube studies of high-temperature rate constants for OH+NO2 -> HO2+NO and OH+HO2 -> H2O+O-2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; THERMAL RATE CONSTANTS; AB-INITIO; HO2+NO REACTION; OH; KINETICS; RADICALS; DISSOCIATION; PHOTOLYSIS; PRESSURE AB The motivation for the present study comes from the preceding paper where it is suggested that accepted rate constants for OH + NO2 -> NO + HO2 are high by similar to 2. This conclusion was based on a reevaluation of heats of formation for HO2, OH, NO, and NO2 using the Active Thermochemical Table (ATcT) approach. The present experiments were performed in C2H5I/NO2 mixtures, using the reflected shock tube technique and OH-radical electronic absorption detection (at 308 nm) and using a multipass optical system. Time-dependent profile decays were fitted with a 23-step mechanism, but only OH + NO2, OH + HO2, both HO2 and NO2 dissociations, and the atom molecule reactions, O + NO2 and O + C2H4, contributed to the decay profile. Since all of the reactions except the first two are known with good accuracy, the profiles were fitted by varying only OH + NO2 and OH + HO2. The new ATcT approach was used to evaluate equilibrium constants so that back reactions were accurately taken into account. The combined rate constant from the present work and earlier work by Glaenzer and Troe (GT) is k(OH+NO2) = 2.25 x 10(-11) exp(-3831 K/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), which is a factor of 2 lower than the extrapolated direct value from Howard but agrees well with NO + HO2 = OH + NO2 transformed with the updated equilibrium constants. Also, the rate constant for OH + HO2 suitable for combustion modeling applications over the T range (1200-1700 K) is (5 +/- 3) x 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). Finally, simulating previous experimental results of GT using our updated mechanism, we suggest a constant rate for k(HO2+NO2) = (2.2 +/- 0.7) x 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) over the T range 1350-1760 K. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Sonoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. RP Michael, JV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jmichael@anl.gov RI Michael, Joe/E-3907-2010; Ruscic, Branko/A-8716-2008 OI Ruscic, Branko/0000-0002-4372-6990 NR 63 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 21 BP 6602 EP 6607 DI 10.1021/jp057461x PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 046SO UT WOS:000237831500004 PM 16722671 ER PT J AU Feeley, R Frenklach, M Onsum, M Russi, T Arkin, A Packard, A AF Feeley, Ryan Frenklach, Michael Onsum, Matt Russi, Trent Arkin, Adam Packard, Andrew TI Model discrimination using data collaboration SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM; DYNAMICS AB This paper introduces a practical data-driven method to discriminate among large-scale kinetic reaction models. The approach centers around a computable measure of model/data mismatch. We introduce two provably convergent algorithms that were developed to accommodate large ranges of uncertainty in the model parameters. The algorithms are demonstrated on a simple toy example and a methane combustion model with more than 100 uncertain parameters. They are subsequently used to discriminate between two models for a contemporarily studied biological signaling network. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Bioengn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Feeley, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM myf@me.berkeley.edu RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008 OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931 NR 33 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 21 BP 6803 EP 6813 DI 10.1021/jp056309s PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 046SO UT WOS:000237831500029 PM 16722696 ER PT J AU Westbrook, CK Pitz, WJ Curran, HJ AF Westbrook, CK Pitz, WJ Curran, HJ TI Chemical kinetic modeling study of the effects of oxygenated hydrocarbons on soot emissions from diesel engines SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PRACTICAL FUEL COMPONENTS; DIMETHYL ETHER; GROWTH-PROCESSES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; PREMIXED FLAMES; FLOW REACTORS; HCCI ENGINE; N-HEPTANE; OXIDATION; COMBUSTION AB A detailed chemical kinetic modeling approach is used to examine the phenomenon of suppression of sooting in diesel engines by the addition of oxygenated hydrocarbon species to the fuel. This suppression, which has been observed experimentally for a few years, is explained kinetically as a reduction in concentrations of soot precursors present in the hot products of a fuel-rich diesel ignition zone when oxygenates are included. The kinetic model is also used to show how different oxygenates, ester structures in particular, can have different soot-suppression efficiencies due to differences in the molecular structure of the oxygenated species. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Westbrook, CK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM westbrook1@llnl.gov OI Curran, Henry/0000-0002-5124-8562 NR 61 TC 219 Z9 228 U1 8 U2 50 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 21 BP 6912 EP 6922 DI 10.1021/jp056362g PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 046SO UT WOS:000237831500039 PM 16722706 ER PT J AU Senosiain, JP Klippenstein, SJ Miller, JA AF Senosiain, Juan P. Klippenstein, Stephen J. Miller, James A. TI Reaction of ethylene with hydroxyl radicals: A theoretical study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-STATE THEORY; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; QUADRATIC CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; PHENOMENOLOGICAL RATE COEFFICIENTS; TEMPERATURE-RANGE 343-1173-K; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; EVALUATED KINETIC-DATA; WELL MASTER EQUATION; RATE CONSTANTS; OH RADICALS AB Ab initio calculations of portions of the C2H5O potential energy surface critical to the title reaction are presented. These calculations are based on QCISD geometries and frequencies and RQCISD( T) energies extrapolated to the complete-basis-set limit. Rate coefficients for the reaction of C2H4 with OH are calculated using this surface and the two transition-state model of Greenwald and co-workers [J. Phys. Chem. A 2005, 109, 6031] for the association of OH with C2H4. The present calculations reproduce most of the experimental data, including the temperature and pressure dependence of the rate coefficients, with only a small (0.4 kcal/ mol) adjustment to the energy barrier for direct hydrogen abstraction. We confirm the importance of this channel above 800 K and find that a significant fraction of the total rate coefficient (similar to 10%) is due to the formation of vinyl alcohol above this temperature. Calculations of the vinyl alcohol channel are consistent with the recent observation of this molecule in low-pressure flames [Taatjes, C. A.; Hansen, N.; McIlroy, A.; Miller, J. A.; Senosiain, J. P.; Klippenstein, S. J.; Qi, F.; Sheng, L.; Zhang, Y.; Cool, T. A.; Wang, J.; Westmoreland, P. R.; Law, M. E.; Kasper, T.; Kohse-Hoinghaus, K. Science 2005, 308, 1887] and suggest that this reaction should be included in hydrocarbon oxidation mechanisms. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Senosiain, JP (reprint author), POB 969,MS 9055, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM jpsenos@sandia.gov; jamille@sandia.gov OI Klippenstein, Stephen/0000-0001-6297-9187 NR 93 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 3 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 21 BP 6960 EP 6970 DI 10.1021/jp0566820 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 046SO UT WOS:000237831500043 PM 16722710 ER PT J AU Weeks, BL DeYoreo, JJ AF Weeks, BL DeYoreo, JJ TI Dynamic meniscus growth at a scanning probe tip in contact with a gold substrate SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID DIP-PEN NANOLITHOGRAPHY; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CONDENSATION; NUCLEATION; DEPOSITION; TRANSPORT AB Environmental scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the dynamic meniscus growth at a cantilever in contact with a substrate. The meniscus was observed to take many minutes to reach an equilibrium state. The observed growth rate is similar to initial patterning rates observed from dip-pen nanolithography and suggest that the meniscus growth may be the rate-limiting step in initial pattering rates. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Weeks, BL (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM Brandon.weeks@ttu.edu RI Weeks, Brandon/P-6331-2014 OI Weeks, Brandon/0000-0003-2552-4129 NR 18 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 21 BP 10231 EP 10233 DI 10.1021/jp0615914 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 046XR UT WOS:000237844900007 PM 16722722 ER PT J AU Kim, DH Szanyi, J Kwak, JH Szailer, T Hanson, J Wang, CM Peden, CHF AF Kim, DH Szanyi, J Kwak, JH Szailer, T Hanson, J Wang, CM Peden, CHF TI Effect of barium loading on the desulfation of Pt-BaO/Al2O3 studied by H-2 TPRX, TEM, sulfur K-edge XANES, and in situ TR-XRD SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID NOX STORAGE-REDUCTION; NO(X) STORAGE; CATALYSTS; BAO/AL2O3; DEACTIVATION; SPECTROSCOPY; REGENERATION; PT/BAO/AL2O3; EXPOSURE; PT/AL2O3 AB Desulfation processes were investigated over sulfated Pt-BaO/Al2O3 with different barium loading (8 and 20 wt%) by using H-2 temperature programmed reaction (TPRX), transmission electron microscope (TEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES), and in situ time-resolved X-ray diffraction (TR-XRD) techniques. Both sulfated samples (8 and 20 wt%) form sulfate species (primarily BaSO4) as evidenced by S K-edge XANES and in situ TR-XRD. However, the desulfation behavior is strongly dependent on the barium loading. Sulfated Pt-BaO(8)/Al2O3,consisting predominantly of surface BaO/BaCO3 species, displays more facile desulfation by H-2 at lower temperatures than sulfated Pt-BaO(20)/Al2O3, a material containing primarily bulk BaO/BaCO3 species. Therefore, after desulfation with H-2 up to 1073 K, the amount of the remaining sulfur species on the former, mostly as BaS, is much less than that on the latter. This suggests that the initial morphology differences between the two samples play a crucial role in determining the extent of desulfation and the temperature at which it occurs. It is concluded that the removal of sulfur is significantly easier at lower barium loading. This finding can potentially be important in developing more sulfur resistant LNT catalyst systems. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kim, DH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM do.kim@pnl.gov RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010; Kwak, Ja Hun/J-4894-2014; Kim, Do Heui/I-3727-2015; OI Peden, Charles/0000-0001-6754-9928 NR 28 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 21 BP 10441 EP 10448 DI 10.1021/jp060119f PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 046XR UT WOS:000237844900036 PM 16722751 ER PT J AU Adams, J Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Amonett, J Anderson, BD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Badyal, SK Bai, Y Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Bekele, S Belaga, VV Bellingeri-Laurikainen, A Bellwied, R Berger, J Bezverkhny, BI Bharadwaj, S Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bhatia, VS Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Billmeier, A Bland, LC Blyth, CO Blyth, SL Bonner, BE Botje, M Boucham, A Bouchet, J Brandin, AV Bravar, A Bystersky, M Cadman, RV Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Castillo, J Catu, O Cebra, D Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, Y Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, HA Christie, W Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Cosentino, MR Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Das, S Daugherity, M de Moura, MM Dedovich, TG DePhillips, M Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Dietel, T Dogra, SM Dong, WJ Dong, X Draper, JE Du, F Dubey, AK Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Mazumdar, MRD Eckardt, V Edwards, WR Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Fachini, P Faivre, J Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Filimonov, K Filip, P Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Fornazier, KSF Fu, J Gagliardi, CA Gaillard, L Gans, J Ganti, MS Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gonzalez, JE Gos, H Grachov, O Grebenyuk, O Grosnick, D Guertin, SM Guo, Y Gupta, A Gupta, N Gutierrez, TD Hallman, TJ Hamed, A Hardtke, D Harris, JW Heinz, M Henry, TW Hepplemann, S Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Horner, MJ Huang, HZ Huang, SL Hughes, EW Humanic, TJ Igo, G Ishihara, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Jedynak, M Jiang, H Jones, PG Judd, EG Kabana, S Kang, K Kaplan, M Keane, K Kechechyan, A Khodyrev, VY Kim, BC Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Kislov, EM Klay, J Klein, SR Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Kopytine, M Kotchenda, L Kowalik, KL Kramer, M Kravtsov, P Kravtsov, VI Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kumar, A Kutuev, RK Kuznetsov, AA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S Laue, F Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, CH Lehocka, S LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, Q Li, Y Lin, G Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, H Liu, J Liu, L Liu, QJ Liu, Z Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Long, H Longacre, RS Lopez-Noriega, M Love, WA Lu, Y Ludlam, T Lynn, D Ma, GL Ma, JG Ma, YG Magestro, D Mahajan, S Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mangotra, LK Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Martin, L Marx, JN Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McClain, CJ McShane, TS Meissner, F Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Miller, ML Minaev, NG Mironov, C Mischke, A Mishra, DK Mitchell, J Mohanty, B Molnar, L Moore, CF Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Netrakanti, PK Nikitin, VA Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldenburg, M Olson, D Pal, SK Panebratsev, Y Panitkin, SY Pavlinov, AI Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Petrov, VA Phatak, SC Picha, R Planinic, M Pluta, J Porile, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Potekhin, M Potrebenikova, E Potukuchi, BVKS Prindle, D Pruneau, C Putschke, J Rakness, G Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ravel, O Ray, RL Razin, SV Reichhold, D Reid, JG Reinnarth, J Renault, G Retiere, F Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, L Russcher, MJ Sahoo, R Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sarsour, M Savin, I Sazhin, PS Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schweda, K Seger, J Selyuzhenkov, I Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Shao, W Sharma, M Shen, WQ Shestermanov, KE Shimanskiy, SS Sichtermann, E Simon, F Singaraju, RN Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sood, G Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Speltz, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stadnik, A Stanislaus, TDS Stock, R Stolpovsky, A Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Sugarbaker, E Sumbera, M Surrow, B Swanger, M Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Tai, A Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tarnowsky, T Thein, D Thomas, JH Timmins, AR Timoshenko, S Tokarev, M Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, OD Ulery, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van der Kolk, N van Leeuwen, M Vander Molen, AM Varma, R Vasilevski, IM Vasiliev, AN Vernet, R Vigdor, SE Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Waggoner, WT Wang, F Wang, G Wang, G Wang, XL Wang, Y Wang, Y Mwang, Z Ward, H Watson, JW Webb, JC Westfall, GD Wetzler, A Whitten, C Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wood, J Wu, J Xu, N Xu, Z Xu, ZZ Yamamoto, E Yepes, P Yoo, IK Yurevich, VI Zborovsky, I Zhang, H Zhang, WM Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhong, C Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y Zubarev, AN Zuo, JX AF Adams, J. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Amonett, J. Anderson, B. D. Arkhipkin, D. Averichev, G. S. Badyal, S. K. Bai, Y. Balewski, J. Barannikova, O. Barnby, L. S. Baudot, J. Bekele, S. Belaga, V. V. Bellingeri-Laurikainen, A. Bellwied, R. Berger, J. Bezverkhny, B. I. Bharadwaj, S. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bhatia, V. S. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Billmeier, A. Bland, L. C. Blyth, C. O. Blyth, S-L Bonner, B. E. Botje, M. Boucham, A. Bouchet, J. Brandin, A. V. Bravar, A. Bystersky, M. Cadman, R. V. Cai, X. Z. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Castillo, J. Catu, O. Cebra, D. Chajecki, Z. Chaloupka, P. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, Y. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Choi, H. A. Christie, W. Coffin, J. P. Cormier, T. M. Cosentino, M. R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Das, D. Das, S. Daugherity, M. de Moura, M. M. Dedovich, T. G. DePhillips, M. Derevschikov, A. A. Didenko, L. Dietel, T. Dogra, S. M. Dong, W. J. Dong, X. Draper, J. E. Du, F. Dubey, A. K. Dunin, V. B. Dunlop, J. C. Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta Eckardt, V. Edwards, W. R. Efimov, L. G. Emelianov, V. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Erazmus, B. Estienne, M. Fachini, P. Faivre, J. Fatemi, R. Fedorisin, J. Filimonov, K. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fine, V. Fisyak, Y. Fornazier, K. S. F. Fu, J. Gagliardi, C. A. Gaillard, L. Gans, J. Ganti, M. S. Geurts, F. Ghazikhanian, V. Ghosh, P. Gonzalez, J. E. Gos, H. Grachov, O. Grebenyuk, O. Grosnick, D. Guertin, S. M. Guo, Y. Gupta, A. Gupta, N. Gutierrez, T. D. Hallman, T. J. Hamed, A. Hardtke, D. Harris, J. W. Heinz, M. Henry, T. W. Hepplemann, S. Hippolyte, B. Hirsch, A. Hjort, E. Hoffmann, G. W. Horner, M. J. Huang, H. Z. Huang, S. L. Hughes, E. W. Humanic, T. J. Igo, G. Ishihara, A. Jacobs, P. Jacobs, W. W. Jedynak, M. Jiang, H. Jones, P. G. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kang, K. Kaplan, M. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Khodyrev, V. Yu Kim, B. C. Kiryluk, J. Kisiel, A. Kislov, E. M. Klay, J. Klein, S. R. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Kopytine, M. Kotchenda, L. Kowalik, K. L. Kramer, M. Kravtsov, P. Kravtsov, V. I. Krueger, K. Kuhn, C. Kulikov, A. I. Kumar, A. Kutuev, R. Kh Kuznetsov, A. A. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. Lange, S. Laue, F. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, C-H Lehocka, S. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, Q. Li, Y. Lin, G. Lindenbaum, S. J. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Liu, L. Liu, Q. J. Liu, Z. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Long, H. Longacre, R. S. Lopez-Noriega, M. Love, W. A. Lu, Y. Ludlam, T. Lynn, D. Ma, G. L. Ma, J. G. Ma, Y. G. Magestro, D. Mahajan, S. Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Mangotra, L. K. Manweiler, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Martin, L. Marx, J. N. Matis, H. S. Matulenko, Yu A. McClain, C. J. McShane, T. S. Meissner, F. Melnick, Yu Meschanin, A. Miller, M. L. Minaev, N. G. Mironov, C. Mischke, A. Mishra, D. K. Mitchell, J. Mohanty, B. Molnar, L. Moore, C. F. Morozov, D. A. Munhoz, M. G. Nandi, B. K. Nayak, S. K. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Netrakanti, P. K. Nikitin, V. A. Nogach, L. V. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Okorokov, V. Oldenburg, M. Olson, D. Pal, S. K. Panebratsev, Y. Panitkin, S. Y. Pavlinov, A. I. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, T. Perevoztchikov, V. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Petrov, V. A. Phatak, S. C. Picha, R. Planinic, M. Pluta, J. Porile, N. Porter, J. Poskanzer, A. M. Potekhin, M. Potrebenikova, E. Potukuchi, B. V. K. S. Prindle, D. Pruneau, C. Putschke, J. Rakness, G. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ravel, O. Ray, R. L. Razin, S. V. Reichhold, D. Reid, J. G. Reinnarth, J. Renault, G. Retiere, F. Ridiger, A. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Rose, A. Roy, C. Ruan, L. Russcher, M. J. Sahoo, R. Sakrejda, I. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sarsour, M. Savin, I. Sazhin, P. S. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmitz, N. Schweda, K. Seger, J. Selyuzhenkov, I. Seyboth, P. Shahaliev, E. Shao, M. Shao, W. Sharma, M. Shen, W. Q. Shestermanov, K. E. Shimanskiy, S. S. Sichtermann, E. Simon, F. Singaraju, R. N. Smirnov, N. Snellings, R. Sood, G. Sorensen, P. Sowinski, J. Speltz, J. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stadnik, A. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Stock, R. Stolpovsky, A. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. P. Sugarbaker, E. Sumbera, M. Surrow, B. Swanger, M. Symons, T. J. M. de Toledo, A. Szanto Tai, A. Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tarnowsky, T. Thein, D. Thomas, J. H. Timmins, A. R. Timoshenko, S. Tokarev, M. Trainor, T. A. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tsai, O. D. Ulery, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van der Kolk, N. van Leeuwen, M. Vander Molen, A. M. Varma, R. Vasilevski, I. M. Vasiliev, A. N. Vernet, R. Vigdor, S. E. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Waggoner, W. T. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, G. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Mwang, Z. Ward, H. Watson, J. W. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Wetzler, A. Whitten, C., Jr. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wood, J. Wu, J. Xu, N. Xu, Z. Xu, Z. Z. Yamamoto, E. Yepes, P. Yoo, I-K Yurevich, V. I. Zborovsky, I. Zhang, H. Zhang, W. M. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhong, C. Zoulkarneev, R. Zoulkarneeva, Y. Zubarev, A. N. Zuo, J. X. CA STAR Collaboration TI Transverse-momentum p(t) correlations on (eta, phi) from mean-p(t) fluctuations in Au-Au collisions at root(s)(NN)=200 GeV SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SCALE DEPENDENCE; STAR; AUTOCORRELATIONS; EQUILIBRATION AB We present first measurements of the pseudorapidity and azimuth (eta, phi) bin-size dependence of event-wise mean transverse-momentum < pt > fluctuations for Au-Au collisions at root sNN = 200 GeV. We invert that dependence to obtain p(t) autocorrelations on differences (eta(Delta), phi(Delta)) interpreted to represent velocity/temperature distributions on (eta, phi). The general form of the autocorrelations suggests that the basic correlation mechanism is parton fragmentation. The autocorrelations vary rapidly with collision centrality, which suggests that fragmentation is strongly modified by a dissipative medium in the more central Au-Au collisions relative to peripheral or p-p collisions. C1 Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Particle Phys Lab, Dubna, Russia. Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Lab High Energy, Dubna, Russia. Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Inst Rech Subatom, Strasbourg, France. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. SUBATECH, Nantes, France. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. ASCR, Inst Nucl Phys, Prague 25068, Czech Republic. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Sci & Technol China, Anhui 230027, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. Univ Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. CUNY, New York, NY 10031 USA. CCNU, HZNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. RP Adams, J (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. RI Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Lee, Chang-Hwan/B-3096-2015; Dogra, Sunil /B-5330-2013; Fornazier Guimaraes, Karin Silvia/H-4587-2016; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; van der Kolk, Naomi/M-9423-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/G-8915-2013; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Zborovsky, Imrich/G-7964-2014; Cosentino, Mauro/L-2418-2014; Chen, Yu/E-3788-2012; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014 OI Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Lee, Chang-Hwan/0000-0003-3221-1171; Fornazier Guimaraes, Karin Silvia/0000-0003-0578-9533; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; van der Kolk, Naomi/0000-0002-8670-0408; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/0000-0002-5187-2779; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Cosentino, Mauro/0000-0002-7880-8611; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323 NR 26 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 32 IS 6 BP L37 EP L48 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/32/6/L02 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 058DU UT WOS:000238646000002 ER PT J AU Torasso, R Tataronis, JA Phillips, CK AF Torasso, R Tataronis, JA Phillips, CK TI Radial dependence of magnetohydrodynamic continuum modes for an incompressible plasma SO JOURNAL OF PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CONTINUOUS-SPECTRUM; MHD; GEOMETRY AB The spatial structure of the magnetohydrodynamic shear Alfven and cusp continuum modes in axisymmetric toroidal geometry is analyzed for an incompressible plasma. The normal component xi(psi) of the plasma displacement is found to have all oscillatory type of singularity, xi(psi) similar to (psi - psi(0))(delta) similar to sin (\delta\ln\psi - psi(0)\ + const), or, for example, in the case of up/down symmetry, a purely logarithmic behavior. This result was also obtained in the more general case of a compressible plasma (Salat, A. and Tataronis, J. A. 1999 Phys. Plasmas 6, 3207). However, in that work the incompressible limit could not be taken because the continuum equations were written in terms of a, variable that becomes ill-defined in the limit. The present ab initio derivation shows that, in general, the incompressible limit in the previous work, gamma -> infinity, where gamma is the ratio of the specific heats, does give the correct spatial dependence. Furthermore, we prove that it is possible to recover the oscillatory type of singularity for the cylindrical screw pinch from the logarithmic singularity of an up/down symmetric torus. C1 NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY 10012 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Torasso, R (reprint author), NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, 251 Mercer St, New York, NY 10012 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-3778 J9 J PLASMA PHYS JI J. Plasma Phys. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 72 BP 383 EP 395 DI 10.1017/S0022377805004186 PN 3 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 058LR UT WOS:000238667000007 ER PT J AU Semelsberger, TA Borup, RL Greene, HL AF Semelsberger, TA Borup, RL Greene, HL TI Dimethyl ether (DME) as an alternative fuel SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE dimethyl ether; steam reforming; fuel cells; well-to-wheel; hydrogen; diesel substitute; ethanol; methane; methanol; efficiency; greenhouse gases; biomass; Fischer-Tropsch ID SYNTHESIS GAS; NATURAL-GAS; CELL APPLICATIONS; TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS; CU/ZNO/AL2O3 CATALYST; HYDROGEN GENERATION; HYDROCARBON FUELS; HYBRID CATALYSTS; CARBON FORMATION; GAMMA-ALUMINA AB With ever growing concerns on environmental pollution, energy security, and future oil supplies, the global community is seeking non-petroleum based alternative fuels, along with more advanced energy technologies (e.g., fuel cells) to increase the efficiency of energy use. The most promising alternative fuel will be the fuel that has the greatest impact on society. The major impact areas include well-to-wheel greenhouse gas emissions, non-petroleum feed stocks, well-to-wheel efficiencies, fuel versatility, infrastructure, availability, economics, and safety. Compared to some of the other leading alternative fuel candidates (i.e., methane, methanol, ethanol, and Fischer-Tropsch fuels), dimethyl ether appears to have the largest potential impact on society, and should be considered as the fuel of choice for eliminating the dependency on petroleum. DME can be used as a clean high-efficiency compression ignition fuel with reduced NOx, SOx, and particulate matter, it can be efficiently reformed to hydrogen at low temperatures, and does not have large issues with toxicity, production, infrastructure, and transportation as do various other fuels. The literature relevant to DW use is reviewed and summarized to demonstrate the viability of DME as an alternative fuel. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Semelsberger, TA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663,Mail Stop J579, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM troy@lanl.gov RI 孙, 兆松/E-8654-2011; Mathiesen, Brian Vad/E-3551-2016 OI Mathiesen, Brian Vad/0000-0003-3917-1184 NR 97 TC 469 Z9 506 U1 36 U2 195 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 156 IS 2 BP 497 EP 511 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.05.082 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 054XO UT WOS:000238412100045 ER PT J AU Xia, Y Friese, JI Moore, DA Rao, L AF Xia, Y. Friese, J. I. Moore, D. A. Rao, L. TI Stability constants of Np(V) complexes with fluoride and sulfate at variable temperatures SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; IONIC-STRENGTH; BASES HSAB; SOFT ACIDS; ELECTRODE; HARD AB A solvent extraction method was used to determine the stability constants of Np(V) complexes with fluoride and sulfate in 1.0M NaClO4 from 25 to 60 degrees C. The distribution ratio of Np(V) between the organic and aqueous phases was found to decrease as the concentrations of fluoride and sulfate were increased. Stability constants of the 1 : 1 Np(V)-fluoride complexes and the 1 : 1 Np(V)-sulfate and 1 : 2 Np(V)-sulfate complexes, dominant in the aqueous phase under the experimental conditions, were calculated from the effect of [F-] and [SO42-] on the distribution ratio. The enthalpy and entropy of complexation were calculated from the stability constants at different temperatures by using the Van't Hoff equation. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xia, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM yuanxian.xia@pnl.gov NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 268 IS 3 BP 445 EP 451 DI 10.1556/JRNC.268.2006.3.2 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 061AM UT WOS:000238843600002 ER PT J AU Yogo, K Ogawa, T Akiyama, M Ishida-Kitagawa, N Sasada, H Sato, E Takeya, T AF Yogo, Keiichiro Ogawa, Takuya Akiyama, Motofusa Ishida-Kitagawa, Norihiro Sasada, Hiroshi Sato, Eimei Takeya, Tatsuo TI PKA implicated in the phosphorylation of Cx43 induced by stimulation with FSH in rat granulosa cells SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE connexin 43; FSH; gap junction; granulosa cells; PKA ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; GAP JUNCTIONAL COMMUNICATION; INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; OVARIAN FOLLICULOGENESIS; CONNEXIN GENES; MOUSE OOCYTES; HORMONE-BETA; FOLLICLE; EXPRESSION AB Connexin 43 (Cx43)-mediated gap junctional communication in granulosa cells is crucial for germ line development and postnatal folliculogenesis. We previously showed that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) promoted phosphorylation of Cx43 in rat primary granulosa cells. We further identified Ser365, Ser368, Ser369, and Ser373 in the carboxy-terminal tail as the major sites of phosphorylation by FSH, and found that the phosphorylation of these residues was essential for channel activity. In this study, we investigated the protein kinase(s) responsible for FSH-induced phosphorylation. H89, a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) inhibitor, inhibited FSH-induced phosphorylation both in vivo and in vitro, whereas PD98059, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor, had little effect on the phosphorylation level. Ca2+-dependent protein kinase (PKC) appeared to negatively regulate phosphorylation. Phosphopeptide mapping with or without H89 treatment indicated that PKA could be responsible for phosphorylation of the four serine residues. In addition, the purified catalytic subunit of PKA could phosphorylate the recombinant C-terminal region of Cx43, but not the variant in which all four serine residues were substituted with alanine. These results suggest that FSH positively regulates Cx43-mediated channel formation and activity through phosphorylation of specific sites by PKA. C1 Nara Inst Sci & Technol, Grad Sch Biol Sci, Nara 6300101, Japan. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tohoku Univ, Lab Anim Reprod, Grad Sch Agr Sci, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9818555, Japan. RP Yogo, K (reprint author), Nara Inst Sci & Technol, Grad Sch Biol Sci, Nara 6300101, Japan. EM ke-yogo@bs.naist.jp RI Akiyama, Motofusa/E-4101-2015 OI Akiyama, Motofusa/0000-0001-6772-0027 NR 41 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOCIETY REPRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT-SRD PI TSUKUBA PA C/O KAZUHIRO KIKUCHI, PHD DVM, NATL INST AGROBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES KANNONDAI 2-1-2, TSUKUBA, IBARAKI 305-8602, JAPAN SN 0916-8818 J9 J REPROD DEVELOP JI J. Reprod. Dev. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 52 IS 3 BP 321 EP 328 DI 10.1262/jrd.17107 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 056KY UT WOS:000238522900001 PM 16474210 ER PT J AU Bouffanais, R Deville, MO Fischer, PF Leriche, E Weill, D AF Bouffanais, R Deville, MO Fischer, PF Leriche, E Weill, D TI Large-eddy simulation of the lid-driven cubic cavity flow by the spectral element method SO JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Spectral and High Order Methods (ICOSAHOM) CY JUN 21-25, 2004 CL Brown Univ, Providence, RI HO Brown Univ DE spectral element; spectral filter; LES; lid-driven cavity ID FILTERING TECHNIQUES; VISCOSITY AB This paper presents the large-eddy simulation of the lid-driven cubic cavity flow by the spectral element method (SEM) using the dynamic model. Two spectral filtering techniques suitable for these simulations have been implemented. Numerical results for Reynolds number Re=12,000 are showing very good agreement with other experimental and DNS results found in the literature. C1 Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Computat Engn, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Argonne Natl Lab, MCS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bouffanais, R (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Computat Engn, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM Michel.Deville@epfl.ch RI Bouffanais, Roland/L-3460-2013 OI Bouffanais, Roland/0000-0002-2507-4642 NR 16 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0885-7474 J9 J SCI COMPUT JI J. Sci. Comput. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 27 IS 1-3 BP 151 EP 162 DI 10.1007/s10915-005-9039-7 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 051PI UT WOS:000238172600010 ER PT J AU Boily, JF Suleimenov, OM AF Boily, Jean-Francois Suleimenov, Oleg M. TI Extraction of chemical speciation and molar absorption coefficients with well-posed solutions of Beer's law SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE chemometrics; factor analysis; Beer's law; spectrophotometry; absorbance; singular value decomposition; chemical speciation ID SPECTROSCOPIC DATA; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; L-CURVE; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION; TIKHONOV REGULARIZATION; DATA MATRIX; COMPLEXATION; TEMPERATURES; RESOLUTION; CONSTANTS AB The performance of different types of solutions of Beer's law was evaluated on a suite of synthetic uv-vis spectra generated at various degrees of random error. Solutions making use of absorbance matrices filtered from random noise were the most successful at retrieving the properties of chemical species at larger errors. Repeated automated simulations, however, indicated that such solutions display a number of occurrences associated with poor fits to the synthetic data. Solutions to Beer's law starting from the raw absorbance matrices including random errors produced more consistent sets of values of rather poorer quality. A bootstrap statistical analysis of the repeated simulations showed the median quality of the fit (e.g., sum-of-squares of the deviations) nonetheless to be far superior for solutions making use of error/noise filtration. These resulting absorbance matrices when reduced dimensionality, moreover, gave better values of the molar absorption coefficients and formation constant if solved numerically using orthogonal-triangular (QR) factorizations. These solutions are therefore recommended for the extraction of spectroscopic and thermodynamic/kinetic properties of chemical species from spectroscopic data, however, not without a rigorous validation of the model. All the solutions to Beer's law are provided in the computational language of Matlab 7.0 and may be readily implemented for any quantitative spectroscopic analyses. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Technol ETH, Inst Mineral & Petrol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Boily, JF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM boily@pnl.gov NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-9782 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 35 IS 6 BP 917 EP 926 DI 10.1007/s10953-006-9035-z PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 067JX UT WOS:000239299200009 ER PT J AU Chertkov, M Chernyak, VY AF Chertkov, Michael Chernyak, Vladimir Y. TI Loop series for discrete statistical models on graphs SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT LA English DT Article DE rigorous results in statistical mechanics; analysis of algorithms; exact results; message-passing algorithms ID ERROR-CORRECTING CODES; PARITY-CHECK CODES; SPIN; PHASE AB In this paper we present the derivation details, logic, and motivation for the three loop calculus introduced in Chertkov and Chernyak (2006 Phys. Rev. E 73 065102(R)). Generating functions for each of the three interrelated discrete statistical models are expressed in terms of a finite series. The first term in the series corresponds to the Bethe - Peierls belief - propagation (BP) contribution; the other terms are labelled by loops on the factor graph. All loop contributions are simple rational functions of spin correlation functions calculated within the BP approach. We discuss two alternative derivations of the loop series. One approach implements a set of local auxiliary integrations over continuous fields with the BP contribution corresponding to an integrand saddle-point value. The integrals are replaced by sums in the complementary approach, briefly explained in Chertkov and Chernyak (2006 Phys. Rev. E 73 065102(R)). Local gauge symmetry transformations that clarify an important invariant feature of the BP solution are revealed in both approaches. The individual terms change under the gauge transformation while the partition function remains invariant. The requirement for all individual terms to be nonzero only for closed loops in the factor graph (as opposed to paths with loose ends) is equivalent to. xing the first term in the series to be exactly equal to the BP contribution. Further applications of the loop calculus to problems in statistical physics, computer and information sciences are discussed. C1 LANL, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. LANL, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Chem, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. RP Chertkov, M (reprint author), LANL, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM chertkov@lanl.gov; chernyak@chem.wayne.edu RI Chertkov, Michael/O-8828-2015; Chernyak, Vladimir/F-5842-2016; OI Chernyak, Vladimir/0000-0003-4389-4238; Chertkov, Michael/0000-0002-6758-515X NR 32 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-5468 J9 J STAT MECH-THEORY E JI J. Stat. Mech.-Theory Exp. PD JUN PY 2006 AR P06009 DI 10.1088/1742-5468/2006/06/P06009 PG 28 WC Mechanics; Physics, Mathematical SC Mechanics; Physics GA 062UK UT WOS:000238970000015 ER PT J AU Lunde, CS Rouhani, S Facciotti, MT Glaeser, RM AF Lunde, CS Rouhani, S Facciotti, MT Glaeser, RM TI Membrane-protein stability in a phospholipid-based crystallization medium SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE membrane proteins; protein stability; crystallization; hydrated lipid gels; cubic phase ID SENSORY RHODOPSIN-II; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; CUBIC PHASE; BACTERIORHODOPSIN STRUCTURE; D85S MUTANT; INTERMEDIATE; MIXTURES; PHOTOCYCLE; FRAGMENTS AB Protein stability is a crucial factor to consider when attempting to crystallize integral, membrane proteins. Cubic phase, or in meso, lipid-bilayer crystallization media are thought to provide native-like environments that should facilitate membrane protein crystallization by helping to stabilize the native protein conformation for the duration of the crystallization process. While excellent crystals of bacteriorhodopsin (15R) and other Halobacterial rhodopsins have been obtained in lipid-bilayer gels formed with monoglycerides, success remains elusive in the general application of such media to other membrane proteins. Additionally, we have noted that some mutants of bR are highly unstable in gels formed with monoolein. Phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and derivatives of PE represent another class of lipids that can form connected-bilayer gets. When wildtype bR and a labile bR mutant were reconstituted into this phospholipid gel, spectroscopy showed that the protein is both more stable and has improved conformational homogeneity as compared to gels formed using monoolein. In addition, we demonstrate that well-diffracting crystals of bR can be grown from a PE-based crystallization medium. Since most proteins lack a stability-indicating chromophore and other structure-based analytical techniques are poorly compatible with the lipid gel, we developed a generally-applicable spectroscopic technique based on the intrinsic fluorescence of tryptophan residues. This fluorescence assay makes possible the rapid evaluation of lipid gels as media for the crystallization of membrane proteins. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, QB3 Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Inst Syst Biol, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lunde, CS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, QB3 Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cslunde@lbl.gov NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 154 IS 3 BP 223 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.jsb.2006.02.002 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 050RF UT WOS:000238104900001 PM 16600634 ER PT J AU Olevsky, EA Tikare, V Garino, T AF Olevsky, EA Tikare, V Garino, T TI Multi-scale study of sintering: A review SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Ceramic Processing Science Symposium CY JAN 08-11, 2006 CL Coral Spring, FL ID EQUILIBRIUM PORE SURFACES; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; GRAIN-BOUNDARY; CONSTITUTIVE-EQUATIONS; DIMENSIONAL CHANGE; HIPING CONDITIONS; CONTINUUM THEORY; POWDER COMPACTS; DIFFUSION AB An integrated approach, combining the continuum theory of sintering with a kinetic Monte-Carlo (KMC) model-based mesostructure evolution simulation is reviewed. The effective sintering stress and the normalized bulk viscosity are derived from mesoscale simulations. A KMC model is presented to simulate microstructural evolution during sintering of complex microstructures taking into consideration grain growth, pore migration, and densification. The results of these simulations are used to generate sintering stress and normalized bulk viscosity for use in continuum level simulation of sintering. The advantage of these simulations is that they can be employed to generate more accurate constitutive parameters based on most general assumptions regarding mesostructure geometry and transport mechanisms of sintering. These constitutive parameters are used as input data for the continuum simulation of the sintering of powder bilayers. Two types of bilayered structures are considered: layers of the same particle material but with different initial porosity, and layers of two different materials. The simulation results are verified by comparing them with shrinkage and warping during the sintering of bilayer ZnO powder compacts. C1 San Diego State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87107 USA. RP Olevsky, EA (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM eolevsky@mail.sdsu.edu NR 55 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 4 U2 36 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 89 IS 6 BP 1914 EP 1922 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.01054.x PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 046LC UT WOS:000237812100022 ER PT J AU Reiterer, MW Ewsuk, KG Arguello, JG AF Reiterer, MW Ewsuk, KG Arguello, JG TI An Arrhenius-type viscosity function to model sintering using the skorohod-olevsky viscous sintering model within a finite-element code SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Ceramic Processing Science Symposium CY JAN 08-11, 2006 CL Coral Spring, FL ID BOUNDARY DIFFUSION; CURVE; CONTINUUM AB The ease and ability to predict sintering shrinkage and densification with the Skorohod-Olevsky viscous sintering (SOVS) model within a finite-element (FE) code have been improved with the use of an Arrhenius-type viscosity function. The need for a better viscosity function was identified by evaluating SOVS model predictions made using a previously published polynomial viscosity function. Predictions made using the original, polynomial viscosity function do not accurately reflect experimentally observed sintering behavior. To more easily and better predict sintering behavior using FE simulations, a thermally activated viscosity function based on creep theory was used with the SOVS model. In comparison with the polynomial viscosity function, SOVS model predictions made using the Arrhenius-type viscosity function are more representative of experimentally observed viscosity and sintering behavior. Additionally, the effects of changes in heating rate on densification can easily be predicted with the Arrhenius-type viscosity function. Another attribute of the Arrhenius-type viscosity function is that it provides the potential to link different sintering models. For example, the apparent activation energy, Q, for densification used in the construction of the master sintering curve for a low-temperature cofire ceramic dielectric has been used as the apparent activation energy for material flow in the Arrhenius-type viscosity function to predict heating rate-dependent sintering behavior using the SOVS model. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ceram Proc & Inorgan Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Solid Mech Engn Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ewsuk, KG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ceram Proc & Inorgan Mat Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM kgewsuk@sandia.gov NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 89 IS 6 BP 1930 EP 1935 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.01041.x PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 046LC UT WOS:000237812100024 ER PT J AU Ewsuk, KG Ellerby, DT DiAntonio, CB AF Ewsuk, KG Ellerby, DT DiAntonio, CB TI Analysis of nanocrystalline and microcrystalline ZnO sintering using master sintering curves SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CRADA DEVELOPS MODEL; DIE DESIGN; POWDER; DENSIFICATION; DIFFUSION; DIAGRAMS; ALUMINA AB Master sintering curves were constructed for dry-pressed compacts composed of either a nanocrystalline or a microcrystalline ZnO powder using constant heating rate dilatometry data and an experimentally determined apparent activation energy for densification of 268 +/- 25 and 296 +/- 21 kJ/mol, respectively. The calculated activation energies for densification are consistent with one another, and with values reported in the literature for ZnO densification by grain boundary diffusion. Grain boundary diffusion appears to be the single dominant mechanism controlling intermediate-stage densification in both the nanocrystalline and the microcrystalline ZnO during sintering from 65% to 90% of the theoretical density (TD). Based on both the consistency of the calculated activation energy as a function of density and the narrow dispersion of the sintering data about the master sintering curve (MSC) for the nanocrystalline ZnO, there is no evidence of either significantly enhanced surface diffusion or grain growth during sintering relative to the microcrystalline ZnO. The MSC constructed for the nanocrystalline ZnO was used to design time-temperature profiles to successfully achieve four different target sintered densities on the MSC, demonstrating the applicability of the MSC theory to nanocrystalline ceramic sintering. The most significant difference in sintering behavior between the two ZnO powders is the enhanced densification in the nanocrystalline ZnO powder at shorter times and lower temperatures. This difference is attributed to a scaling (i.e., particle size) effect. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ceram Proc & Inorgan Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Ceram & Glass Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ewsuk, KG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ceram Proc & Inorgan Mat Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM kgewsuk@sandia.gov NR 39 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 3 U2 30 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 89 IS 6 BP 2003 EP 2009 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.00990.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 046LC UT WOS:000237812100034 ER PT J AU Wu, S Zhang, K Kaiser, NK Bruce, JE AF Wu, Si Zhang, Kai Kaiser, Nathan K. Bruce, James E. TI Incorporation of a flared inlet capillary tube on a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID DESORPTION ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE MALDI; GAS-PHASE; FUNNEL INTERFACE; VENTURI DEVICE; CONFORMERS; PROTEINS; EXCHANGE AB Flared inlet capillary tubes have been coupled with a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer to help the ion transmission from the atmospheric pressure to the first vacuum region. We investigated different types of atmospheric pressure ionization methods using flared inlet tubes. For most of the ionization methods, such as EST and DESI, increased ion current transmitted from the atmospheric pressure ion source to the first stage vacuum system was observed with the use of our enhanced ion inlet designs. The corresponding ion intensity detected on a FT-ICR mass spectrometer was also observed to increase two- to fivefold using EST or DESI with the flared tube inlet. Moreover, increased spray tip positional tolerance was observed with implementation of the flared inlet tube. We also include our preliminary results obtained by coupling AP-MALDI with flared inlet tube in this paper. For AP-MALDI, the measured ion current transferred through the flared inlet tube was about 2 to 3 times larger than the ion current through the control non-flared inlet tube. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2006, 17, 772-779) (C) 2006 American Society for Mass Spectrometry. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bruce, JE (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, POB 644630, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM james_bruce@wsu.edu NR 35 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1044-0305 EI 1879-1123 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 BP 772 EP 779 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2006.02.011 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 047YC UT WOS:000237913600003 PM 16603374 ER PT J AU Molina, A Walsh, PM Shaddix, CR Neufeld, JW Blevins, LG AF Molina, A. Walsh, P. M. Shaddix, C. R. Neufeld, J. W. Blevins, L. G. TI Implications of air infiltration in oxygen/fuel fired glass furnaces SO JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE oxy fired furnace; air infiltration; container glass; energy efficiency ID TCF TECHNOLOGY; INDUSTRIAL AB Continuous measurements of exhaust gas in an oxygen/natural gas container glass furnace show that diurnal variations in ambient air temperature produce significant changes in exhaust gas composition. At the highest ambient temperatures, the concentrations of air related species (O-2, N-2 and NO) are the lowest, while those of glass related species (e.g. SO2) are the highest. A detailed mass balance of the furnace shows that air infiltration may account for 30 wt-% of the total gaseous input to the furnace. The sensible heat associated with the N-2 in the infiltrated air represents 6% of the total specific energy input. Therefore, reducing the amount of air infiltration can significantly improve furnace efficiency. As an alternative, when significant reductions in air infiltration cannot be readily achieved, a control strategy is proposed for the O-2 flow into the furnace that considers the diurnal variations of infiltrated air flow. This strategy yields improvements in energy efficiency and furnace stability and should reduce the rate of corrosion of the furnace crown refractory. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Hydrogen & Combust Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Mech Engn, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Gallo Glass Co, Modesto, CA 95353 USA. Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Molina, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Hydrogen & Combust Technol, POB 969 MS 9052, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM amolina@sandia.gov NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 1743-9671 J9 J ENERGY INST JI J. Energy Inst. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 79 IS 2 BP 84 EP 91 DI 10.1179/014426006X103481 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 064LF UT WOS:000239090500003 ER PT J AU Kim, K Seo, C Cheong, H AF Kim, K Seo, C Cheong, H TI Photochromic mechanism in a-WO3 thin films based on Raman spectroscopic studies SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Devices/6th Symposium on the Nano-Technology and Plasma Application for Next Generation Processing CY DEC 05-07, 2005 CL Jeju, SOUTH KOREA DE photochromism; tungsten oxide; Raman spectroscopy ID ELECTROCHROMIC MECHANISM; TUNGSTEN-OXIDE; COLOR-CENTERS; WO3 FILMS; TEMPERATURE AB The photochromic mechanism in a-WO3 thin films prepared by thermal evaporation has been investigated using Raman scattering measurements. The Raman spectra of uv-irradiated thin films show a weak peak at 450 cm(-1). This peak is known to be related to the gasochromic and electochromic coloration and is attributed to the formation of W5+ = O bonds. The I-V characteristic of uv-irradiated a-WO3 thin films was measured to study the change in the electrical properties due to photochromic coloration. The uv-irradiated films show enhanced conductivity due to excited carriers. C1 Sogang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 121742, South Korea. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Cheong, H (reprint author), Sogang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 121742, South Korea. EM hcheong@sogang.ac.kr RI Lee, Sehee/A-5989-2011; Cheong, Hyeonsik/D-7424-2012 OI Cheong, Hyeonsik/0000-0002-2347-4044 NR 18 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1657 EP 1660 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 053RY UT WOS:000238324000102 ER PT J AU Dienes, JK Zuo, QH Kershner, JD AF Dienes, JK Zuo, QH Kershner, JD TI Impact initiation of explosives and propellants via statistical crack mechanics SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE penny-shaped cracks; frictional heating; melting and ignition; initiation and quenching of reaction; explosion ID HOT-SPOT IGNITION; ENERGETIC MATERIALS; EARTHQUAKE RUPTURE; CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; BRITTLE MATERIALS; SHOCK INITIATION; SHEAR CRACKS; DYNAMICS; FAILURE; FLOW AB A statistical approach has been developed for modeling the dynamic response of brittle materials by superimposing the effects of a myriad of microcracks, including opening, shear, growth and coalescence, taking as a starting point the well-established theory of penny-shaped cracks. This paper discusses the general approach, but in particular an application to the sensitivity of explosives and propellants, which often contain brittle constituents. We examine the hypothesis that the intense heating by frictional sliding between the faces of a closed crack during unstable growth can form a hot spot, causing localized melting, ignition, and fast burn of the reactive material adjacent to the crack. Opening and growth of a closed crack due to the pressure of burned gases inside the crack and interactions of adjacent cracks can lead to violent reaction, with detonation as a possible consequence. This approach was used to model a multiple-shock experiment by Mulford et al. [1993. Initiation of preshocked high explosives PBX-9404, PBX-9502, PBX-9501, monitored with in-material magnetic gauging. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Detonation Symposium, pp. 459-467] involving initiation and subsequent quenching of chemical reactions in a slab of PBX 9501 impacted by a two-material flyer plate. We examine the effects of crack orientation and temperature dependence of viscosity of the melt on the response. Numerical results confirm our theoretical finding [Zuo, Q.H., Dienes, J.K., 2005. On the stability of penny-shaped cracks with friction: the five types of brittle behavior. Int. J. Solids Struct. 42, 1309-1326] that crack orientation has a significant effect on brittle behavior, especially under compressive loading where interfacial friction plays an important role. With a reasonable choice of crack orientation and a tempera tu re-dependent viscosity obtained from molecular dynamics calculations, the calculated particle velocities compare well with those measured using embedded velocity gauges. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zuo, QH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM zuo@lanl.gov NR 98 TC 48 Z9 54 U1 5 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD JUN PY 2006 VL 54 IS 6 BP 1237 EP 1275 DI 10.1016/j.jmps.2005.12.001 PG 39 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 037PU UT WOS:000237160000006 ER PT J AU Ardavan, H Ardavan, A Singleton, J AF Ardavan, H Ardavan, A Singleton, J TI Spectral and polarization characteristics of the nonspherically decaying radiation generated by polarization currents with superluminally rotating distribution patterns: reply to comment SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Editorial Material ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-RADIATION; PULSES AB Hannay's comment [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 23, 1530 (2006); this issue] is based on an argument that is mathematically inconsistent when applied to superluminal sources. Moreover, it ignores our published experimental data [e.g.. J. Appl. Phys. 96, 7760(E) (2004)] that completely support the conclusions of our theoretical paper. (C) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Fields Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. RP Singleton, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Fields Lab, TA-35,MS-E536, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jsingle@lanl.gov NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1535 EP 1539 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.23.001535 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 045PV UT WOS:000237755000032 ER PT J AU Balabas, MV Budker, D Kitching, J Schwindt, PDD Stalnaker, JE AF Balabas, M. V. Budker, D. Kitching, J. Schwindt, P. D. D. Stalnaker, J. E. TI Magnetometry with millimeter-scale antirelaxation-coated alkali-metal vapor cells SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC MAGNETOMETER AB Dynamic nonlinear magneto-optical-rotation signals with frequency- and amplitude-modulated laser light have been observed and investigated with a spherical glass cell of 3 mm diameter containing Cs metal with inner walls coated with paraffin. Intrinsic Zeeman relaxation rates of gamma/(2 pi)approximate to 20 Hz and lower have been observed. Favorable prospects of using millimeter-scale coated cells in portable magnetometers and secondary frequency references are discussed. C1 SI Vavilov State Opt Inst, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Balabas, MV (reprint author), SI Vavilov State Opt Inst, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. RI Balabas, Mikhail/A-5273-2012; Budker, Dmitry/F-7580-2016 OI Balabas, Mikhail/0000-0002-5383-7897; Budker, Dmitry/0000-0002-7356-4814 NR 20 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1001 EP 1006 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.23.001001 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 054JO UT WOS:000238372900001 ER PT J AU Koenderink, AF Kafesaki, M Soukoulis, CM Sandoghdar, V AF Koenderink, A. Femius Kafesaki, Maria Soukoulis, Costas M. Sandoghdar, Vahid TI Spontaneous emission rates of dipoles in photonic crystal membranes SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC SLAB; ELECTRIC-DIPOLE; LIGHT-EMISSION; GAP; MICROCAVITY; NANOCAVITY; RADIATION; BANDGAP; SURFACE; FIELD AB We show theoretically that two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals in semiconductor membranes strongly modify the radiative decay of dipole emitters. Three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain calculations show over 7 times inhibition and 15 times enhancement of the emission rate compared with vacuum for judiciously oriented and positioned dipoles. Emission rate modifications inside the membrane mimic the local mode density in a simple 2D model. The inhibition of emission saturates with crystal size around the source, with a 1/e size that scales as the inverse gap bandwidth. Owing to the vertically guided mode structure, inhibition occurs only near the slab center, but enhanced emission persists also outside the membrane. We find that emission changes can even be observed in experiments with ensembles of randomly oriented dipoles. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Chem Phys Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. FORTH, Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. Univ Crete, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Rethimnon, Greece. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Koenderink, AF (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Chem Phys Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. EM F.Koenderink@amolf.nl; vahid.sandoghdar@ethz.ch RI Koenderink, A. Femius/A-3955-2008; Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008; Kafesaki, Maria/E-6843-2012; Sandoghdar, Vahid/C-7390-2013 OI Koenderink, A. Femius/0000-0003-1617-5748; Kafesaki, Maria/0000-0002-9524-2576; NR 54 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 EI 1520-8540 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1196 EP 1206 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.23.001196 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 054JO UT WOS:000238372900025 ER PT J AU Hall, AC Cook, DJ Neiser, RA Roemer, TJ Hirschfeld, DA AF Hall, AC Cook, DJ Neiser, RA Roemer, TJ Hirschfeld, DA TI The effect of a simple annealing heat treatment on the mechanical properties of cold-sprayed aluminum SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aluminum; cold spray; heat treatment; mechanical properties; spray forming ID VELOCITY AB Cold spray, a new member of the thermal spray process family, can be used to prepare dense, thick metal coatings. It has tremendous potential as a spray-forming process. However, it is well known that significant cold work occurs during the cold spray deposition process. This cold work results in hard coatings but relatively brittle bulk deposits. This work investigates the mechanical properties of cold-sprayed aluminum and the effect of annealing on those properties. Cold spray coatings approximately I cm thick were prepared using three different feedstock powders: Valimet H-10; Valimet H-20; and Brodmann Flomaster. ASTM E8 tensile specimens were machined from these coatings and tested using standard tensile testing procedures. Each material was tested in two conditions: as-sprayed; and after a 300 degrees C, 22 b air anneal. The as-sprayed material showed high ultimate strength and low ductility, with < 1% elongation. The annealed samples showed a reduction in ultimate strength but a dramatic increase in ductility, with up to 10% elongation. The annealed samples exhibited mechanical properties that were similar to those of wrought 1100 H14 aluminum. Microstructural examination and fractography clearly showed a change in fracture mechanism between the as-sprayed and annealed materials. These results indicate good potential for cold spray as a bulk-forming process. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat & Met Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Hall, AC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1130, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM achall@sandia.gov NR 6 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 14 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9630 J9 J THERM SPRAY TECHN JI J. Therm. Spray Technol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 15 IS 2 BP 233 EP 238 DI 10.1361/105996306X108138 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA 048OD UT WOS:000237955500012 ER PT J AU Segalman, DJ Roy, AM Starr, MJ AF Segalman, DJ Roy, AM Starr, MJ TI Modal analysis to accommodate slap in linear structures SO JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND ACOUSTICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID CONSTRAINT ADDITION DELETION; FLEXIBLE MULTIBODY SYSTEMS; MECHANICAL SYSTEMS; COULOMB-FRICTION; MOMENTUM BALANCE; IMPACT ANALYSIS; DYNAMICS; STICTION; EQUATIONS AB The generalized momentum balance (GMB) methods, explored chiefly by Shabana and his co-workers, treat slap or collision in linear structures as sequences of impulses, thereby maintaining the linearity of the structures throughout. Further such linear analysis is facilitated by modal representation of the structures. These methods are discussed here and extended. Simulations on a simple two-rod problem demonstrate how this modal impulse approximation affects the system both directly after each impulse as well as over the entire collision. Furthermore, these simulations illustrate how the GMB results differ from the exact solution and how mitigation of these artifacts is achieved. Another modal method discussed in this paper is the idea of imposing piecewise constant forces over short, yet finite, time intervals during contact. The derivation of this method is substantially different than that of the GMB method, yet the numerical results show similar behavior, adding credence to both models. Finally, a novel method combining these two approaches is introduced. The new method produces physically reasonable results that are numerically very close to the exact solution of the collision of two rods. This approach avoids most of the nonphysical, numerical artifacts of interpenetration or chatter present in the first two methods. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Segalman, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM djsegal@sandia.gov NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1048-9002 J9 J VIB ACOUST JI J. Vib. Acoust.-Trans. ASME PD JUN PY 2006 VL 128 IS 3 BP 303 EP 317 DI 10.1115/1.2172257 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 050QC UT WOS:000238102000004 ER PT J AU Benveniste, H Blackband, SJ AF Benveniste, H Blackband, SJ TI Translational neuroscience and magnetic-resonance microscopy SO LANCET NEUROLOGY LA English DT Review ID FOCAL CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA; TRANSGENIC MOUSE MODEL; BETA-AMYLOID PLAQUES; PET IMAGING AGENTS; IN-VIVO; FUNCTIONAL MRI; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; ANESTHETIZED RATS; SOMATOSENSORY STIMULATION; HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA AB Magnetic-resonance microscopy is a rapidly growing and a widely applied imaging method in translational neuroscience studies. Emphasis has been placed on anatomical, functional, and metabolic studies of genetically engineered mouse models of human disease and the need for efficient phenotyping at all levels. Magnetic-resonance microscopy is now implemented in many laboratories worldwide due to the availability of commercial high-field magnetic-resonance instruments for use in small animals, the development of accessories (including miniature radio-frequency coils), magnetic-resonance compatible physiological monitoring equipment, and access to adjustable anaesthesia techniques. Two of the major magnetic-resonance microscopy applications in the neurosciences-structural and functional magnetic-resonance microscopy-will be reviewed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Stony Brook Univ, Dept Anesthesiol, Stony Brook, NY USA. Univ Florida, Dept Neurosci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Benveniste, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM benveniste@bnl.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR16105]; NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB 00233-04] NR 75 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1474-4422 J9 LANCET NEUROL JI Lancet Neurol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 5 IS 6 BP 536 EP 544 DI 10.1016/S1474-4422(06)70472-0 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047VE UT WOS:000237906000022 PM 16713925 ER PT J AU Yin, L Albright, BJ Hegelich, BM Fernandez, JC AF Yin, L. Albright, B. J. Hegelich, B. M. Fernandez, J. C. TI GeV laser ion acceleration from ultrathin targets: The laser break-out afterburner SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article DE laser acceleration; laser break-out afterburner; monoenergetic beams ID HIGH-INTENSITY LASER; SOLID INTERACTIONS; PROTON-BEAMS; ELECTRON; DRIVEN; GENERATION; MATTER; PULSES AB A new laser-driven ion acceleration mechanism has been identified using particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. This mechanism allows ion acceleration to GeV energies at vastly reduced laser intensities compared with earlier acceleration schemes. The new mechanism, dubbed "Laser Break-out Afterburner" (BOA), enables the acceleration of carbon ions to greater than 2 GeV energy at a laser intensity of only 10(21) W/cm(2), an intensity that has been realized in existing laser systems. Other techniques for achieving these energies in the literature rely upon intensities of 10(24) W/cm(2) or above, i.e., 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than any laser intensity that has been demonstrated to date. Also, the BOA mechanism attains higher energy and efficiency than target normal sheath acceleration (TNSA), where the scaling laws predict carbon energies of 50 MeV/u for identical laser conditions. In the early stages of the BOA, the carbon ions accelerate as a quasi-monoenergetic bunch with median energy higher than that realized recently experimentally. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hegelich, BM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hegelich@lanl.gov RI Fernandez, Juan/H-3268-2011; OI Fernandez, Juan/0000-0002-1438-1815; Albright, Brian/0000-0002-7789-6525; Yin, Lin/0000-0002-8978-5320 NR 25 TC 173 Z9 174 U1 3 U2 32 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD JUN PY 2006 VL 24 IS 2 BP 291 EP 298 DI 10.1017/S0263034606060459 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 059DH UT WOS:000238713000015 ER PT J AU Bussat, JM Fadley, C AF Bussat, JM Fadley, C TI Gigahertz-range detector enables improved experiments SO LASER FOCUS WORLD LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY AB Application-specific integrated circuits and microchannel plates were used to develop a high-speed detector with 768 channels and an overall count rate in the gigahertz range that greatly enhances spectroscope performance. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bussat, JM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Engn, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM fadley@physics.ucdavis.edu RI MSD, Nanomag/F-6438-2012 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO PI NASHUA PA 98 SPIT BROOK RD, NASHUA, NH 03062-2801 USA SN 1043-8092 J9 LASER FOCUS WORLD JI Laser Focus World PD JUN PY 2006 VL 42 IS 6 BP 99 EP + PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 055ZK UT WOS:000238489800035 ER PT J AU Bibeau, C Wegner, PJ Hawley-Fedder, R AF Bibeau, C Wegner, PJ Hawley-Fedder, R TI World's largest laser to generate powerful ultraviolet beams SO LASER FOCUS WORLD LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY AB Expected to be completed in 2009, the National Ignition Facility will enable the demonstration of a fusion event within a laboratory and new science in the areas of astrophysics and high-energy-density science. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, NIF Laser Syst, NIF Opt Prod Facil, NIF Programs Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Bibeau, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, NIF Laser Syst, NIF Opt Prod Facil, NIF Programs Directorate, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM bibeau1@llnl.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO PI NASHUA PA 98 SPIT BROOK RD, NASHUA, NH 03062-2801 USA SN 1043-8092 J9 LASER FOCUS WORLD JI Laser Focus World PD JUN PY 2006 VL 42 IS 6 BP 113 EP 117 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 055ZK UT WOS:000238489800037 ER PT J AU Tremblay, AE Buist, PH Hodgson, D Dawson, B Whittle, E Shanklin, J AF Tremblay, AE Buist, PH Hodgson, D Dawson, B Whittle, E Shanklin, J TI In vitro enzymatic oxidation of a fluorine-tagged sulfido substrate analogue: a F-19 NMR investigation SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE NMR; F-19 substituent effects; oxidation; desaturase ID DESATURATION; ACIDS AB H-1-decoupled F-19 NMR has been used to monitor the highly regioselective oxidation of a fluorine-tagged thia-fatty acid derivative by castor stearoyl-ACP Delta(9) desaturase. The major enzymatic product, after reductive work-up, was identified as 9-fluoro-1-nonanol. This compound could be easily distinguished from substrate and a 9-sulfoxy by-product on the basis of its F-19 NMR chemical shift and spiking experiments using authentic standards. Structural assignment of the cleavage product was confirmed by GC-MS analysis of the enzymatic products. Copyright (C) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Carleton Univ, Dept Chem, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. Hlth Canada, Biol & Genet Therapies Directorate, Biol Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Buist, PH (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Dept Chem, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. EM pbuist@ccs.carleton.ca NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0749-1581 J9 MAGN RESON CHEM JI Magn. Reson. Chem. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 44 IS 6 BP 629 EP 632 DI 10.1002/mrc.1797 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 047NB UT WOS:000237884900008 PM 16534835 ER PT J AU Murray, C AF Murray, Cherry TI Challenges for homeland security SO MATERIALS TODAY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Murray, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. EM murray38@llnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-7021 J9 MATER TODAY JI Mater. Today PD JUN PY 2006 VL 9 IS 6 BP 56 EP 56 DI 10.1016/S1369-7021(06)71553-X PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 113UG UT WOS:000242622600021 ER PT J AU Lesuer, DR Syn, CK Sherby, OD AF Lesuer, Donald R. Syn, Chol K. Sherby, Oleg D. TI Influence of iron oxide particles on the strength of ball-milled iron SO MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE ball milled iron; strength; oxide particle strengthening; grain strengthening; nano-oxide; ultra-fine grains ID SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; ULTRAFINE-GRAINED STEELS; ANNEALING BEHAVIOR; NANOCRYSTALLINE FERRITE; MECHANICAL PROPERTY; CARBON-STEEL; SHEAR BANDS; MICROSTRUCTURE; CONSOLIDATION; ALLOYS AB Detailed microstructural and mechanical property studies of ball-milled iron, in the powder and consolidated states, are reviewed and assessed. The analyses cover three and one-half orders of magnitude in grain size (from 6 nm to 20 pm) and focus on the influence of oxide particles on the strength. The study includes the early work of Jang and Koch, Kimura and Takaki and continues with the more recent work of Umemoto et al. and Belyakov, Sakai et al. It is shown that the major contributors to strength are the nano-oxide particles. These particles are created by adiabatic shear banding during ball-milling leading to a bimodal distribution of particles. The predicted strength from particles, up, is given by sigma(p) = B center dot (D-s*)(-1/2) where D-s* is the surface-to-surface interparticle spacing, and B = 395 MPa center dot mu m(1/2). A model is proposed that accounts for the influence of the bimodal particle size distribution on strength. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Lesuer, DR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA 1-14-32, ICHIBANCHO, AOBA-KU, SENDAI, 980-8544, JAPAN SN 1345-9678 EI 1347-5320 J9 MATER TRANS JI Mater. Trans. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1508 EP 1517 DI 10.2320/matertrans.47.1508 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 072CR UT WOS:000239650700017 ER PT J AU Carr, RD Greenberg, HJ Hart, WE Konjevod, G Lauer, E Lin, H Morrison, T Phillips, CA AF Carr, RD Greenberg, HJ Hart, WE Konjevod, G Lauer, E Lin, H Morrison, T Phillips, CA TI Robust optimization of contaminant sensor placement for community water systems SO MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article ID DETECTING ACCIDENTAL CONTAMINATIONS; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; UNCERTAINTY; NETWORKS AB We present a series of related robust optimization models for placing sensors in municipal water networks to detect contaminants that are maliciously or accidentally injected. We formulate sensor placement problems as mixed-integer programs, for which the objective coefficients are not known with certainty. We consider a restricted absolute robustness criteria that is motivated by natural restrictions on the uncertain data, and we define three robust optimization models that differ in how the coefficients in the objective vary. Under one set of assumptions there exists a sensor placement that is optimal for all admissible realizations of the coefficients. Under other assumptions, we can apply sorting to solve each worst-case realization efficiently, or we can apply duality to integrate the worst-case outcome and have one integer program. The most difficult case is where the objective parameters are bilinear, and we prove its complexity is NP-hard even under simplifying assumptions. We consider a relaxation that provides an approximation, giving an overall guarantee of near-optimality when used with branch-and-bound search. We present preliminary computational experiments that illustrate the computational complexity of solving these robust formulations on sensor placement applications. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Discrete Algorithms & Math Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Math, Denver, CO 80204 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Carr, RD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Discrete Algorithms & Math Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rdcarr@sandia.gov; Harvey.Greenberg@cudenver.edu; wehart@sandia.gov; goran@asu.edu; elauer@sandia.gov; henrylin@eecs.berkeley.edu; tmorriso@math.cudenver.edu; caphill@sandia.gov NR 23 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-5610 J9 MATH PROGRAM JI Math. Program. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 107 IS 1-2 BP 337 EP 356 DI 10.1007/s10107-005-0689-x PG 20 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 019AO UT WOS:000235808200014 ER PT J AU Epps, M Gueye, P AF Epps, M. Gueye, P. TI Low energy experimental elastic cross sections for medical physics application SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med C1 Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 33 IS 6 BP 2118 EP 2118 DI 10.1118/1.2241230 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 058TW UT WOS:000238688501314 ER PT J AU Forman, L Vanier, P Dioszegi, I Welsh, K Meek, A Reinstein, L AF Forman, L. Vanier, P. Dioszegi, I. Welsh, K. Meek, A. Reinstein, L. TI Neutron spectra measurements for fast neuron brachytherapy effective dose evaluation SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 33 IS 6 BP 2125 EP 2125 DI 10.1118/1.2241262 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 058TW UT WOS:000238688501341 ER PT J AU Kirk, B Haghigat, A Jeraj, R Newhauser, W Rivard, M Goorley, JT AF Kirk, B. Haghigat, A. Jeraj, R. Newhauser, W. Rivard, M. Goorley, J. T. TI Radiation transport software for medical physics studies SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Tufts New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 33 IS 6 BP 2132 EP 2133 DI 10.1118/1.2241295 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 058TW UT WOS:000238688501373 ER PT J AU Purdy, I Lehmann, J Wesso, D Cogliati, J Milvich, M Frederickson, C Nigg, D Wemple, C AF Purdy, I. Lehmann, J. Wesso, D. Cogliati, J. Milvich, M. Frederickson, C. Nigg, D. Wemple, C. TI Implementation of MINERVA/PEREGRINE as an ATC review tool SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 33 IS 6 BP 2272 EP 2273 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 058TW UT WOS:000238688502391 ER PT J AU Roa, D Smither, R Shieh, Y Nie, K Zhang, X Al-Ghazi, M Milne, N Caligiuri, P AF Roa, D. Smither, R. Shieh, Y. Nie, K. Zhang, X. Al-Ghazi, M. Milne, N. Caligiuri, P. TI Development of a high resolution imaging system for nuclear medicine SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Orange, CA 92668 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 33 IS 6 BP 2278 EP 2278 DI 10.1118/1.2241894 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 058TW UT WOS:000238688502412 ER PT J AU De, AK Speer, JG Matlock, DK Murdock, DC Mataya, MC Comstock, RJ AF De, AK Speer, JG Matlock, DK Murdock, DC Mataya, MC Comstock, RJ TI Deformation-induced phase transformation and strain hardening in type 304 austenitic stainless steel SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STACKING-FAULT ENERGY; INDUCED MARTENSITE; EPSILON TRANSFORMATION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; GRAIN-SIZE; FE-NI; ALLOYS; BEHAVIOR; TEXTURE; 304-STAINLESS-STEEL AB Deformation-induced phase transformation in a type 304 austenitic stainless steel has been studied in tension at room temperature and -50 degrees C. The evolution of transformation products was monitored using X-ray diffraction (XRD) line profile analysis of diffraction peaks from a single XRD scan employing the direct comparison method. Crystallographic texture transitions due to deformation strain have been evaluated using (111)(gamma) pole figures. The tensile stress-strain data have been analyzed to explain the influence of underlying deformation-induced microstructural changes and associated texture changes in the steel. It is found that the initial stage of rapidly decreasing strain hardening rate in type 304 steel is primarily influenced by hcp epsilon-martensite formation, and the second stage of increasing strain hardening rate is associated with an increase in the alpha'-martensite formation. The formation of epsilon-martensite is associated with a gradual strengthening of the copper-type texture components up to 15 pct strain and decreasing with further strain at -50 degrees C. Texture changes during low-temperature deformation not only change the mechanism of epsilon-martensite formation but also influence the strain rate sensitivity of the present steel. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Adv Steel Proc & Prod Res Ctr, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Micromotion, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. AK Steel Corp, Carbon Steel Prod Res, Middletown, OH 45043 USA. RP De, AK (reprint author), Mittal Steel, Ctr Res & Dev, 3001 E Columbus Dr, E Chicago, IN 46312 USA. EM dmatlock@mines.edu NR 38 TC 56 Z9 63 U1 4 U2 26 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 37A IS 6 BP 1875 EP 1886 DI 10.1007/s11661-006-0130-y PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 049MG UT WOS:000238020000019 ER PT J AU Yablinsky, CA Cerreta, EK Gray, GT Brown, DW Vogel, SC AF Yablinsky, CA Cerreta, EK Gray, GT Brown, DW Vogel, SC TI The effect of twinning on the work-hardening behavior and microstructural evolution of hafnium SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CLOSE-PACKED METALS; FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; STRAIN-RATE; HCP METALS; DEFORMATION TWINS; ZIRCONIUM; TEXTURE; ALLOYS; SLIP AB The work-hardening behavior of hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) metals, such as hafnium, is influenced by temperature, strain rate, chemistry, and texture. In the case of hafnium, while slip on the prism and pyramidal planes is dominant during deformation, the propensity of deformation twinning is known to increase with decreasing temperature and increasing strain rate. In this study, hafnium was prestrained quasi-statically in compression at liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K), creating a heavily twinned microstructure. The specimens were then reloaded in compression at room temperature (298 K). Yield stress, flow stress, and work-hardening behaviors of the prestrained specimens were higher than room-temperature compression test data typical of the as-annealed material. The microstructure of each specimen was characterized optically and using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Texture was measured by neutron diffraction and the texture evolution due to twinning, and the interaction of slip with the twins was seen to lead to higher work-hardening rates and flow stresses in the cold prestrained specimens. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yablinsky, CA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-8,Mail Stop G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Barsoum, Michel/I-2842-2012; OI Barsoum, Michel/0000-0001-7800-3517; Yablinsky, Clarissa/0000-0001-6162-0949; Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361 NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 37A IS 6 BP 1907 EP 1915 DI 10.1007/s11661-006-0133-8 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 049MG UT WOS:000238020000022 ER PT J AU Monchy, S Benotmane, MA Wattiez, R van Aelst, S Auquier, V Borremans, B Mergeay, M Taghavi, S van der Lelie, D Vallaeys, T AF Monchy, S Benotmane, MA Wattiez, R van Aelst, S Auquier, V Borremans, B Mergeay, M Taghavi, S van der Lelie, D Vallaeys, T TI Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of the pMOL30-encoded copper resistance in Cupriavidus metallidurans strain CH34 SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID ALCALIGENES-EUTROPHUS CH34; HEAVY-METAL RESISTANCE; RALSTONIA-METALLIDURANS; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BACTERIA; GENES; PROTEINS; SEQUENCE; COBALT AB The four replicons of Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 (the genome sequence was provided by the US Department of Energy-University of California Joint Genome Institute) contain two gene clusters putatively encoding periplasmic resistance to copper, with an arrangement of genes resembling that of the copSRABCD locus on the 2(.)1 Mb megaplasmid (MPL) of Ralstonia solanacearum, a closely related plant pathogen. One of the copSRABCD clusters was located on the 2(.)6 Mb MPL, while the second was found on the pMOL30 (234 kb) plasmid as part of a larger group of genes involved in copper resistance, spanning 1 7 857 by in total. In this region, 19 ORFs (cop VTMKNSRABCDIJGFLQHE) were identified based on the sequencing of a fragment cloned in an IncW vector, on the preliminary annotation by the Joint Genome Institute, and by using transcriptomic and proteomic data. When introduced into plasmid-cured derivatives of C. metallidurans CH34, the cop locus was able to restore the wild-type MIC, albeit with a biphasic survival curve, with respect to applied Cu(II) concentration. Quantitative-PCR data showed that the 19 ORFs were induced from 2- to 1159-fold when cells were challenged with elevated Cu(II) concentrations. Microarray data showed that the genes that were most induced after a Cu(II) challenge of 0(.)1 mM belonged to the pMOL30 cop cluster. Megaplasmidic cop genes were also induced, but at a much lower level, with the exception of the highly expressed MPL copD. Proteomic data allowed direct observation on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and via mass spectrometry, of pMOL30 CopK, CopR, CopS, CopA, CopB and CopC proteins. Individual cop gene expression depended on both the Cu(II) concentration and the exposure time, suggesting a sequential scheme in the resistance process, involving genes such as copK and copT in an initial phase, while other genes, such as copH, seem to be involved in a late response phase. A concentration of 0(.)4 mM Cu(II) was the highest to induce maximal expression of most cop genes. C1 CEN SCK, Microbiol Lab, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. CEN SCK, Radiobiol Lab, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. Univ Libre Bruxelles, Serv Confirmat Macromol Biol & Bioinformat, Brussels, Belgium. Univ Mons, Dept Prote & Biochim Prot, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. Univ Libre Bruxelles, Microbiol Lab, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium. Univ Libre Bruxelles, Ctr Biol Struct & Bioinformat Struct & Fonct Memb, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium. Vlaamse Instelling Technol Onderzoek, Environm Technol, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. INRA, Dept Microbiol, F-78850 Thiverval Grignon, France. RP Mergeay, M (reprint author), CEN SCK, Microbiol Lab, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. EM mmergeay@sckcen.be RI Mergeay, Max/H-2003-2011 NR 45 TC 61 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD JUN PY 2006 VL 152 BP 1765 EP 1776 DI 10.1099/mic.028593-0 PN 6 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 056ZL UT WOS:000238563800019 PM 16735739 ER PT J AU Kalinin, SV Rodriguez, BJ Jesse, S Shin, J Baddorf, AP Gupta, P Jain, H Williams, DB Gruverman, A AF Kalinin, Sergei V. Rodriguez, Brian J. Jesse, Stephen Shin, Junsoo Baddorf, Arthur P. Gupta, Pradyumna Jain, Himanshu Williams, David B. Gruverman, Alexei TI Vector piezoresponse force microscopy SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE scanning probe microscopy; piezoresponse force microscopy; piezoelectric materials; ferroelectric materials; domains; orientation imaging ID FERROELECTRIC THIN-FILMS; LEAD-ZIRCONATE-TITANATE; PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; ORIENTATION DEPENDENCE; DOMAINS; NANOSCALE; CERAMICS; RECONSTRUCTION; POLARIZATION; CALIBRATION AB A novel approach for nanoscale imaging and characterization of the orientation dependence of electromechanical properties-vector piezoresponse force microscopy (Vector PFM)-is described. The relationship between local electromechanical response, polarization, piezoelectric constants, and crystallographic orientation is analyzed in detail. The image formation mechanism in vector PFM is discussed. Conditions for complete three-dimensional (313) reconstruction of the electromechanical response vector and evaluation of the piezoelectric constants from PFM data are set forth. The developed approach can be applied to crystallographic orientation imaging in piezoelectric materials with a spatial resolution below 10 nm. Several approaches for data representation in 2D-PFM and 3D-PFM are presented. The potential of vector PFM for molecular orientation imaging in macroscopically disordered piezoelectric polymers and biological systems is discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Lehigh Univ, Ctr Opt Technol, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Kalinin, SV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Bldg 3025,MS 6030,1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sergei2@ornl.gov RI Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012; Rodriguez, Brian/A-6253-2009; Gruverman, alexei/P-3537-2014; Jesse, Stephen/D-3975-2016; Baddorf, Arthur/I-1308-2016 OI Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152; Rodriguez, Brian/0000-0001-9419-2717; Gruverman, alexei/0000-0003-0492-2750; Jesse, Stephen/0000-0002-1168-8483; Baddorf, Arthur/0000-0001-7023-2382 NR 47 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 9 U2 76 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 12 IS 3 BP 206 EP 220 DI 10.1017/S1431927606060156 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 047ZD UT WOS:000237916300002 PM 17481357 ER PT J AU Utku, Y Dehan, E Ouerfelli, O Piano, F Zuckermann, RN Pagano, M Kirshenbaum, K AF Utku, Yeliz Dehan, Elinor Ouerfelli, Ouathek Piano, Fabio Zuckermann, Ronald N. Pagano, Michele Kirshenbaum, Kent TI A peptidomimetic siRNA transfection reagent for highly effective gene silencing SO MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID CULTURED-MAMMALIAN-CELLS; RNA INTERFERENCE; CELLULAR UPTAKE; PLASMID DNA; DELIVERY; OLIGOMERS AB RNA interference (RNAi) techniques hold forth great promise for therapeutic silencing of deleterious genes. However, clinical applications of RNAi require the development of safe and efficient methods for intracellular delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) oligonucleotides specific to targeted genes. We describe the use of a lipitoid, a cationic oligopeptoid-phospholipid conjugate, for non-viral transfection of synthetic siRNA oligos in cell culture. This peptidomimetic delivery vehicle allows for efficient siRNA transfection in a variety of human cell lines with negligible toxicity and promotes extensive downregulation of the targeted genes at both the protein and the mRNA level. We compare the lipitoid reagent to a standard commercial transfection reagent. The lipitoid is highly efficient even in primary IMR-90 human lung fibroblasts in which other commercial reagents are typically ineffective. C1 NYU, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10003 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, New York, NY 10016 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Inst Canc, New York, NY 10016 USA. Sloan Kettering Inst Canc Res, Organ Synth Core Facil, New York, NY 10021 USA. NYU, Dept Biol, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Biol Nanostruct Facil, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zuckermann, RN (reprint author), NYU, Dept Chem, 4 Washington Pl, New York, NY 10003 USA. EM kent@nyu.edu; rnzuckermann@lbl.gov RI Zuckermann, Ronald/A-7606-2014; OI Zuckermann, Ronald/0000-0002-3055-8860; Ouerfelli, Ouathek/0000-0002-7038-0219; pagano, michele/0000-0003-3210-2442 FU NCRR NIH HHS [C06RR-16572]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01-HD046236] NR 25 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1742-206X J9 MOL BIOSYST JI Mol. Biosyst. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 2 IS 6-7 BP 312 EP 317 DI 10.1039/b603229j PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 060OK UT WOS:000238811300007 PM 16880950 ER PT J AU Du, YC Gu, S Zhou, JH Wang, TY Cai, H MacInnes, MA Bradbury, EM Chen, X AF Du, YC Gu, S Zhou, JH Wang, TY Cai, H MacInnes, MA Bradbury, EM Chen, X TI The dynamic alterations of H2AX complex during DNA repair detected by a proteomic approach reveal the critical roles of Ca2+/calmodulin in the ionizing radiation-induced cell cycle arrest SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article ID HISTONE H2AX; DAMAGE CHECKPOINT; FISSION YEAST; PHOSPHORYLATION; PROTEIN; CHROMATIN; BREAKS; ACTIVATION; CALMODULIN; NUCLEOPHOSMIN/B23 AB By using DNA nuclease digestion and a quantitative '' dual tagging '' proteomic approach that integrated mass spectrometry, stable isotope labeling, and affinity purification, we studied the histone H2AX-associating protein complex in chromatin in mammalian cells in response to ionizing radiation (IR). In the non-irradiated control cells, calmodulin (CaM) and the transcription elongation factor facilitates chromatin transcription (FACT) were associated with H2AX. Thirty minutes after exposing cells to IR the CaM and FACT complexes dissociated, whereas two DNA repair proteins, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 and DEAH box polypeptide 30 isoform 1, interacted with H2AX. Two hours and 30 min after exposure, none of the above proteins were in the complex. H2B, nucleophosmin/B23, and calreticulin were associated with H2AX in both non- irradiated and irradiated cells. The results suggest that the H2AX complex undergoes dynamic changes upon induction of DNA damage and during DNA repair. The genuine interactions between H2AX and H2B, nucleophosmin/B23, calreticulin, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1, and CaM under each condition were validated by immunoprecipitation/Western blotting and mammalian two-hybrid assays. Because multiple Ca2+-binding proteins were found in the H2AX complex, the roles of Ca2+ were examined. The results indicate that Ca2+/CaM plays important roles in regulating IR-induced cell cycle arrest, possibly through mediating chromatin structure. The dataset presented here demonstrates that sensitive profiling of the dynamics of functional cellular protein-protein interactions can successfully lead to the dissection of important metabolic or signaling pathways. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Chen, X (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Mail Stop M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM chen_xian@lanl.gov NR 47 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD JUN PY 2006 VL 5 IS 6 BP 1033 EP 1044 DI 10.1074/mcp.M500327-MCP200 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 053EM UT WOS:000238288100006 PM 16522924 ER PT J AU Brown, SD Thompson, MR VerBerkmoes, NC Chourey, K Shah, M Zhou, JZ Hettich, RL Thompson, DK AF Brown, SD Thompson, MR VerBerkmoes, NC Chourey, K Shah, M Zhou, JZ Hettich, RL Thompson, DK TI Molecular dynamics of the Shewanella oneidensis response to chromate stress SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article ID PLASMID-DETERMINED RESISTANCE; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; HEXAVALENT-CHROMIUM; TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS; ALCALIGENES-EUTROPHUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; BACTERIAL REDUCTION; SHOTGUN PROTEOMICS AB Temporal genomic profiling and whole-cell proteomic analyses were performed to characterize the dynamic molecular response of the metal-reducing bacterium Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 to an acute chromate shock. The complex dynamics of cellular processes demand the integration of methodologies that describe biological systems at the levels of regulation, gene and protein expression, and metabolite production. Genomic microarray analysis of the transcriptome dynamics of midexponential phase cells subjected to 1 mM potassium chromate (K2CrO4) at exposure time intervals of 5, 30, 60, and 90 min revealed 910 genes that were differentially expressed at one or more time points. Strongly induced genes included those encoding components of a TonB1 iron transport system (tonB1-exbB1-exbD1), hemin ATP-binding cassette transporters (hmuTUV), TonB-dependent receptors as well as sulfate transporters (cysP, cysW-2, and cysA-2), and enzymes involved in assimilative sulfur metabolism (cysC, cysN, cysD, cysH, cysI, and cysJ). Transcript levels for genes with annotated functions in DNA repair (lexA, recX, recA, recN, dinP, and umuD), cellular detoxification (so1756, so3585, and so3586), and two-component signal transduction systems (so2426) were also significantly up-regulated (p < 0.05) in Cr(VI)-exposed cells relative to untreated cells. By contrast, genes with functions linked to energy metabolism, particularly electron transport (e. g. so0902-03-04, mtrA, omcA, and omcB), showed dramatic temporal alterations in expression with the majority exhibiting repression. Differential proteomics based on multidimensional HPLC-MS/MS was used to complement the transcriptome data, resulting in comparable induction and repression patterns for a subset of corresponding proteins. In total, expression of 2,370 proteins were confidently verified with 624 (26%) of these annotated as hypothetical or conserved hypothetical proteins. The initial response of S. oneidensis to chromate shock appears to require a combination of different regulatory networks that involve genes with annotated functions in oxidative stress protection, detoxification, protein stress protection, iron and sulfur acquisition, and SOS-controlled DNA repair mechanisms. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Grad Sch Genome Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Hettich, RL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008 MS-6131, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hettichrl@ornl.gov RI Brown, Steven/A-6792-2011; Hettich, Robert/N-1458-2016; OI Brown, Steven/0000-0002-9281-3898; Hettich, Robert/0000-0001-7708-786X; , /0000-0002-9216-3813 NR 73 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD JUN PY 2006 VL 5 IS 6 BP 1054 EP 1071 DI 10.1074/mcp.M500394-MCP200 PG 18 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 053EM UT WOS:000238288100008 PM 16524964 ER PT J AU Mcgrath, S Hodkinson, TR Salamin, N Barth, S AF Mcgrath, S Hodkinson, TR Salamin, N Barth, S TI Development and testing of novel chloroplast microsatellite markers for Lolium perenne and other grasses (Poaceae) from de novo sequencing and in silico sequences SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE chloroplast microsatellites; Lolium perenne; plastid; Poaceae; SSRs; transferability ID UNIVERSAL PRIMERS; PHYLOGENY; AMPLIFICATION; CPDNA AB Twelve primers to amplify microsatellite markers from the chloroplast genome of Lolium perenne were designed and optimized using de novo sequencing and in silico sequences. With one exception, each locus was polymorphic with a range from two to nine alleles in L. perenne. The newly developed primer pairs cross-amplified in different species of Lolium and in 50 other grass species representing nine grass subfamilies. C1 TEAGASC, Crops Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. Univ Dublin, Trinity Coll, Sch Nat Sci, Dept Bot, Dublin 2, Ireland. Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Barth, S (reprint author), TEAGASC, Crops Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. EM sbarth@oakpark.teagasc.ie RI Hodkinson, Trevor/F-6850-2014; Barth, Susanne/P-3366-2014 OI Hodkinson, Trevor/0000-0003-1384-7270; Barth, Susanne/0000-0002-4104-5964 NR 11 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD JUN PY 2006 VL 6 IS 2 BP 449 EP 452 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01267.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 043XJ UT WOS:000237635900050 ER PT J AU Schulte, JA Macey, JR Papenfuss, TJ AF Schulte, JA Macey, JR Papenfuss, TJ TI A genetic perspective on the geographic association of taxa among and North American lizards of the Sceloporus magister complex (Squamata : Iguanidae : Phrynosomatinae) SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER-RNA GENES; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS; SPECIES GROUP; MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME; MORPHOLOGICAL DATA; CONFIDENCE-LIMITS; EVOLUTION; DNA C1 Smithsonian Inst, Div Amphibians & Reptiles, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Joint Genome Inst, Dept Evolut Genom, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schulte, JA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Div Amphibians & Reptiles, POB 37012,MRC 162, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM Schulte.James@nmnh.si.edu NR 44 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 39 IS 3 BP 873 EP 880 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2005.04.033 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 051IR UT WOS:000238155300021 PM 16580231 ER PT J AU Nairn, JJ Shapiro, PJ Twamley, B Pounds, T von Wandruszka, R Fletcher, TR Williams, M Wang, CM Norton, MG AF Nairn, JJ Shapiro, PJ Twamley, B Pounds, T von Wandruszka, R Fletcher, TR Williams, M Wang, CM Norton, MG TI Preparation of ultrafine chalcopyrite nanoparticles via the photochemical decomposition of molecular single-source precursors SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HYBRID SOLAR-CELLS; ZINC-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; THIN-FILM; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; PHOTOVOLTAIC PROPERTIES; BI2S3 NANOPARTICLES; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BUFFER LAYERS AB The synthesis and characterization of ultrafine CuInS2 nanoparticles are described. Ultraviolet irradiation was used to decompose a molecular single source precursor, yielding organic soluble similar to 2 nm sized nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution. UV-vis absorption, H-1 and P-31 {H-1} NMR, and fluorescence spectroscopies and mass spectrometry were used to characterize decomposition of the precursors and nanoparticle formation. The nanoparticles were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron diffraction, inductively coupled plasma analysis, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. They have a wurzite-type crystal structure with a copper-rich composition. The hypsochromic shift in their emission band due to quantum confinement effects is consistent with the size of the nanocrystals indicated in the HRTEM and XRD analyses. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Shapiro, PJ (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM shapiro@uidaho.edu NR 87 TC 123 Z9 128 U1 14 U2 179 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 6 IS 6 BP 1218 EP 1223 DI 10.1021/nl060661f PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 052UB UT WOS:000238258300027 PM 16771583 ER PT J AU Takamura, Y Chopdekar, RV Scholl, A Doran, A Liddle, JA Harteneck, B Suzuki, Y AF Takamura, Y Chopdekar, RV Scholl, A Doran, A Liddle, JA Harteneck, B Suzuki, Y TI Tuning magnetic domain structure in nanoscale La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 islands SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MANGANITE THIN-FILMS; COLOSSAL MAGNETORESISTANCE; NANOSTRUCTURES; MICROSCOPE; ANISOTROPY; STRAIN; PHASE AB The realization of spin-based devices requires high density, ordered arrays of magnetic materials with a high degree of spin polarization at surfaces. We have synthesized, for the first time, highly spin polarized complex magnetic oxide nanostructures embedded in a paramagnetic matrix by electron beam lithography and ion implantation. Imaging the magnetic domains with X-ray photoemission electron microscopy and magnetic force microscopy reveals a delicate balance between magnetocrystalline, magnetoelastic, and magnetostatic energies that can be tuned by the choice of SrTiO3 substrate orientation, film thickness, island size, and island shape. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Appl Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Suzuki, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ysuzuki@berkeley.edu RI Chopdekar, Rajesh/D-2067-2009; Liddle, James/A-4867-2013; Scholl, Andreas/K-4876-2012; OI Chopdekar, Rajesh/0000-0001-6727-6501; Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910; Doran, Andrew/0000-0001-5158-4569 NR 24 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 6 IS 6 BP 1287 EP 1291 DI 10.1021/nl060615f PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 052UB UT WOS:000238258300040 PM 16771596 ER PT J AU Ostermann, R Li, D Yin, YD McCann, JT Xia, YN AF Ostermann, R Li, D Yin, YD McCann, JT Xia, YN TI V2O5 nanorods on TiO2 nanofibers: A new class of hierarchical nanostructures enabled by electrospinning and calcination SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNIAXIALLY ALIGNED ARRAYS; VANADIA-TITANIA CATALYSTS; CORE-SHELL; POLYMER NANOFIBERS; HOLLOW NANOFIBERS; FIBERS; OXIDE; HETEROSTRUCTURES; SUBMICROMETER; FABRICATION AB Electrospinning provides a simple approach to fabricating nanofibers and assemblies with controllable hierarchical structures. In this communication, we demonstrate that electrospinning can be combined with calcination to further maneuver the morphology and phase structure of nanofibers. More specifically, single-crystal V2O5 nanorods could be grown on rutile nanofibers by carefully calcining composite nanofibers consisting of amorphous V2O5, amorphous TiO2, and poly(vinylpyrrolidone). The size of the resulting V2O5 nanorods could be conveniently controlled by varying the composition of the nanofibers and/or the calcination temperature. In addition to the nanorod-on-nanofiber hierarchical structure, we believe this approach can also be extended to fabricate other more complex architectures. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94920 USA. RP Xia, YN (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM xia@chem.washington.edu RI Yin, Yadong/D-5987-2011; Li, Dan/B-9316-2008; Xia, Younan/E-8499-2011 OI Yin, Yadong/0000-0003-0218-3042; Li, Dan/0000-0003-3461-5751; NR 43 TC 200 Z9 206 U1 32 U2 232 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 6 IS 6 BP 1297 EP 1302 DI 10.1021/nl060928a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 052UB UT WOS:000238258300042 PM 16771598 ER PT J AU Li, AP Wendelken, JF AF Li, A. P. Wendelken, J. F. TI Buffer layer-assisted growth of Ge nanoclusters on Si SO NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Review DE nanocluster; buffer layer-assisted growth; BLAG; Ge nanocluster; photoluminescence; semiconductor growth AB In the buffer layer-assisted growth method, a condensed inert gas layer of xenon, with low-surface free energy, is used as a buffer to prevent direct interactions of deposited atoms with substrates. Because of an unusually wide applicability, the buffer layer-assisted growth method has provided a unique avenue for creation of nanostructures that are otherwise impossible to grow, and thus offered unprecedented opportunities for fundamental and applied research in nanoscale science and technology. In this article, we review recent progress in the application of the buffer layer-assisted growth method to the fabrication of Ge nanoclusters on Si substrates. In particular, we emphasize the novel configurations of the obtained Ge nanoclusters, which are characterized by the absence of a wetting layer, quasi-zero dimensionality with tunable sizes, and high cluster density in comparison with Ge nanoclusters that are formed with standard Stranski-Krastanov growth methods. The optical emission behaviors are discussed in correlation with the morphological properties. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Li, AP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM apli@ornl.gov RI Li, An-Ping/B-3191-2012 OI Li, An-Ping/0000-0003-4400-7493 NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1931-7573 J9 NANOSCALE RES LETT JI Nanoscale Res. Lett. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 1 IS 1 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.1007/s11671-006-9011-y PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA V44AO UT WOS:000202975800002 ER PT J AU Sebastian, SE Harrison, N Batista, CD Balicas, L Jaime, M Sharma, PA Kawashima, N Fisher, IR AF Sebastian, S. E. Harrison, N. Batista, C. D. Balicas, L. Jaime, M. Sharma, P. A. Kawashima, N. Fisher, I. R. TI Dimensional reduction at a quantum critical point SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITIONS; BACUSI2O6; DISORDER; TLCUCL3; LADDERS; STATES C1 Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, NHMFL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Chiba 2778581, Japan. RP Sebastian, SE (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM suchitra@stanfordalumni.org RI Sharma, Peter/G-1917-2011; Jaime, Marcelo/F-3791-2015; Batista, Cristian/J-8008-2016; OI Sharma, Peter/0000-0002-3071-7382; Jaime, Marcelo/0000-0001-5360-5220; Harrison, Neil/0000-0001-5456-7756 NR 29 TC 147 Z9 148 U1 4 U2 51 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 441 IS 7093 BP 617 EP 620 DI 10.1038/nature04732 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 048AU UT WOS:000237920800043 PM 16738655 ER PT J AU Zhang, K Martiny, AC Reppas, NB Barry, KW Malek, J Chisholm, SW Church, GM AF Zhang, K Martiny, AC Reppas, NB Barry, KW Malek, J Chisholm, SW Church, GM TI Sequencing genomes from single cells by polymerase cloning SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE DISPLACEMENT AMPLIFICATION; ROLLING CIRCLE AMPLIFICATION; PHI-29 DNA-POLYMERASE; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; SARGASSO SEA; PROCHLOROCOCCUS; METAGENOMICS; POPULATION; DIVERSITY; SAMPLES AB Genome sequencing currently requires DNA from pools of numerous nearly identical cells (clones), leaving the genome sequences of many difficult-to-culture microorganisms unattainable. We report a sequencing strategy that eliminates culturing of microorganisms by using real-time isothermal amplification to form polymerase clones (plones) from the DNA of single cells. Two Escherichia coli plones, analyzed by Affymetrix chip hybridization, demonstrate that plonal amplification is specific and the bias is randomly distributed. Whole-genome shotgun sequencing of Prochlorococcus MIT9312 plones showed 62% coverage of the genome from one plone at a sequencing depth of 3.5x, and 66% coverage from a second plone at a depth of 4.7x. Genomic regions not revealed in the initial round of sequencing are recovered by sequencing PCR amplicons derived from plonal DNA. The mutation rate in single-cell amplification is < 2 x 10(5), better than that of current genome sequencing standards. Polymerase cloning should provide a critical tool for systematic characterization of genome diversity in the biosphere. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA. MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Agencourt Biosci, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. RP Zhang, K (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, 77 Ave Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM kzhang@genetics.med.harvard.edu NR 44 TC 246 Z9 258 U1 4 U2 50 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 24 IS 6 BP 680 EP 686 DI 10.1038/nbt1214 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 051UQ UT WOS:000238187300030 PM 16732271 ER PT J AU Schwartz, YB Kahn, TG Nix, DA Li, XY Bourgon, R Biggin, M Pirrotta, V AF Schwartz, Yuri B. Kahn, Tatyana G. Nix, David A. Li, Xiao-Yong Bourgon, Richard Biggin, Mark Pirrotta, Vincenzo TI Genome-wide analysis of Polycomb targets in Drosophila melanogaster SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID HISTONE METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY; EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; BITHORAX COMPLEX; RESPONSE ELEMENT; BINDING-SITES; GENES; ZESTE; CHROMATIN; PROTEINS; ENHANCER AB Polycomb group (PcG) complexes are multiprotein assemblages that bind to chromatin and establish chromatin states leading to epigenetic silencing(1,2). PcG proteins regulate homeotic genes in flies and vertebrates, but little is known about other PcG targets and the role of the PcG in development, differentiation and disease. Here, we determined the distribution of the PcG proteins PC, E(Z) and PSC and of trimethylation of histone H3 Lys27 (me3K27) in the D. melanogaster genome. At more than 200 PcG target genes, binding sites for the three PcG proteins colocalize to presumptive Polycomb response elements (PREs). In contrast, H3 me3K27 forms broad domains including the entire transcription unit and regulatory regions. PcG targets are highly enriched in genes encoding transcription factors, but they also include genes coding for receptors, signaling proteins, morphogens and regulators representing all major developmental pathways. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley Drosophila Transcript Network Project, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Stat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pirrotta, V (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, 604 Allison Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM pirrotta@biology.rutgers.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM704403] NR 30 TC 377 Z9 389 U1 3 U2 12 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 38 IS 6 BP 700 EP 705 DI 10.1038/ng1817 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 048NW UT WOS:000237954800026 PM 16732288 ER PT J AU Peters, O Neelin, JD AF Peters, O Neelin, JD TI Critical phenomena in atmospheric precipitation SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY; WATER-VAPOR; PARAMETERIZATION; CONVECTION AB Critical phenomena occur near continuous phase transitions. As a tuning parameter crosses its critical value, an order parameter increases as a power law. At criticality, order-parameter fluctuations diverge and their spatial correlation decays as a power law(1). In systems where the tuning parameter and order parameter are coupled, the critical point can become an attractor, and self-organized criticality ( SOC) results(2,3). Here we argue, using satellite data, that a critical value of water vapour ( the tuning parameter) marks a non-equilibrium continuous phase transition to a regime of strong atmospheric convection and precipitation ( the order parameter) - with correlated regions on scales of tens to hundreds of kilometres. Despite the complexity of atmospheric dynamics, we find that important observables conform to the simple functional forms predicted by the theory of critical phenomena. In meteorology the term 'quasi-equilibrium' refers to a balance between slow large-scale driving processes and rapid release of buoyancy by moist convection(4). Our study indicates that the attractive quasi-equilibrium state, postulated long before SOC ( ref. 5), is the critical point of a continuous phase transition and is thus an instance of SOC. C1 Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Peters, O (reprint author), Santa Fe Inst, 1399 Hyde Pk Rd, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. EM ole.peters@physics.org RI Neelin, J. David/H-4337-2011; OI Peters, Ole/0000-0002-1246-8570 NR 28 TC 128 Z9 133 U1 3 U2 20 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 2 IS 6 BP 393 EP 396 DI 10.1038/nphys314 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 056NE UT WOS:000238529600021 ER PT J AU Kim, BJ Koh, H Rotenberg, E Oh, SJ Eisaki, H Motoyama, N Uchida, S Tohyama, T Maekawa, S Shen, ZX Kim, C AF Kim, BJ Koh, H Rotenberg, E Oh, SJ Eisaki, H Motoyama, N Uchida, S Tohyama, T Maekawa, S Shen, ZX Kim, C TI Distinct spinon and holon dispersions in photoemission spectral functions from one-dimensional SrCuO2 SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; CHARGE SEPARATION; HUBBARD-MODEL; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATIONS; TRANSPORT; ELECTRON; SR2CUO3; METALS; CHAINS AB Spin and charge are inseparable traits of an electron, but in one-dimensional solids, theory predicts their separation into collective modes - as independent excitation quanta ( or particles) called spinons and holons. Experimentalists have long sought to verify this effect. Angle-resolved photoemission ( ARPES) should provide the most direct evidence of spin - charge separation, as the single quasiparticle peak splits into a spinon -holon two-peaklike structure. Despite extensive ARPES experiments, the unambiguous observation of the two-peak structure has remained elusive. Here we report ARPES data from SrCuO2, made possible by recent technological developments, that unequivocally show the spinon -holon two-peak structure and their distinct dispersions. The spinon and holon branches are found to have energy scales of similar to 0.43 and 1.3 eV, respectively, which are in quantitative agreement with the theoretical predictions. C1 Yonsei Univ, Inst Phys & Appl Phys, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Phys, Seoul, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Ctr Strongly Correlated Mat Res, Seoul, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. AIST, Nanoelect Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050032, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Superconduct, Tokyo, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, CREST, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan. Appl Phys & Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Kim, C (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Inst Phys & Appl Phys, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM bjkim6@gmail.com; cykim@phya.yonsei.ac.kr RI Rotenberg, Eli/B-3700-2009 OI Rotenberg, Eli/0000-0002-3979-8844 NR 31 TC 105 Z9 105 U1 3 U2 37 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 2 IS 6 BP 397 EP 401 DI 10.1038/nphys316 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 056NE UT WOS:000238529600022 ER PT J AU Figueras, J Puig, T Obradors, X Kwok, WK Paulius, L Crabtree, GW Deutscher, G AF Figueras, J. Puig, T. Obradors, X. Kwok, W. K. Paulius, L. Crabtree, G. W. Deutscher, G. TI The loss of vortex line tension sets an upper limit to the irreversibility line in YBa2Cu3O7 SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-GLASS TRANSITION; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; LATTICE-MELTING TRANSITION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; COLUMNAR DEFECTS; UNTWINNED YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; HIGH-DENSITY; C DIRECTION; FLUCTUATIONS; ANISOTROPY AB In high-temperature superconductors, magnetic field lines penetrate the samples through vortices arranged in an Abrikosov vortex lattice. In a magnetic field H-m(T) below the upper critical field H-c2(T) that destroys bulk superconductivity, the vortex lattice melts to a liquid vortex state, in which each vortex line must be 'pinned' individually to prevent dissipation. Linear and planar defects have been found to be effective for pinning the vortex liquid because they trap an entire vortex within a single extended defect. However, up to now it is not known how far into the liquid state this pinning process can be effective. Here, we show that there is a universal magnetic field line H-I(T) between H-m(T) and H-c2(T), where thermodynamic fluctuations of the order parameter can cause vortex unpinning from extended defects. This magnetic field H-I(T) sets an upper limit to the irreversibility line H-irr(T) marking the onset of dissipation. For that reason it determines a new magnetic-field-temperature region in which a superconductor can remain useful. C1 CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Obradors, X (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Barcelona, Campus UA Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain. EM xavier.obradors@icmab.es RI Obradors, Xavier/A-8146-2012; Puig, Teresa/O-1077-2013 OI Puig, Teresa/0000-0002-1873-0488 NR 37 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 2 IS 6 BP 402 EP 407 DI 10.1038/nphys311 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 056NE UT WOS:000238529600023 ER PT J AU Evans, TE Moyer, RA Burrell, KH Fenstermacher, ME Joseph, I Leonard, AW Osborne, TH Porter, GD Schaffer, MJ Snyder, PB Thomas, PR Watkins, JG West, WP AF Evans, TE Moyer, RA Burrell, KH Fenstermacher, ME Joseph, I Leonard, AW Osborne, TH Porter, GD Schaffer, MJ Snyder, PB Thomas, PR Watkins, JG West, WP TI Edge stability and transport control with resonant magnetic perturbations in collisionless tokamak plasmas SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIII-D PLASMAS; LOCALIZED MODES; PARTICLE LOSSES; ELM ENERGY; SUPPRESSION; EXTRAPOLATION AB A critical issue for fusion-plasma research is the erosion of the first wall of the experimental device due to impulsive heating from repetitive edge magneto-hydrodynamic instabilities known as 'edge-localized modes' ( ELMs). Here, we show that the addition of small resonant magnetic. field perturbations completely eliminates ELMs while maintaining a steady-state high-confinement ( H-mode) plasma. These perturbations induce a chaotic behaviour in the magnetic field lines, which reduces the edge pressure gradient below the ELM instability threshold. The pressure gradient reduction results from a reduction in the particle content of the plasma, rather than an increase in the electron thermal transport. This is inconsistent with the predictions of stochastic electron heat transport theory. These results provide a first experimental test of stochastic transport theory in a highly rotating, hot, collisionless plasma and demonstrate a promising solution to the critical issue of controlling edge instabilities in fusion-plasma devices. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. CEA Cadarache, Assoc EURATOM CEA, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Evans, TE (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM evans@fusion.gat.com NR 23 TC 314 Z9 315 U1 9 U2 48 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 2 IS 6 BP 419 EP 423 DI 10.1038/nphys312 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 056NE UT WOS:000238529600026 ER PT J AU Barton, WA Tzvetkova-Robev, D Miranda, EP Kolev, MV Rajashankar, KR Himanen, JP Nikolov, DB AF Barton, William A. Tzvetkova-Robev, Dorothea Miranda, Edward P. Kolev, Momchil V. Rajashankar, Kanagalaghatta R. Himanen, Juha P. Nikolov, Dimitar B. TI Crystal structures of the Tie2 receptor ectodomain and the angiopoietin-2-Tie2 complex SO NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EPIDERMAL-GROWTH-FACTOR; PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE; BLOOD-VESSEL FORMATION; CELL-ADHESION; TUMOR ANGIOGENESIS; GAMMA-CHAIN; DOMAINS; EXPRESSION; BINDING; LIGAND AB The Tie receptor tyrosine kinases and their angiopoietin (Ang) ligands play central roles in developmental and tumor-induced angiogenesis. Here we present the crystal structures of the Tie2 ligand-binding region alone and in complex with Ang2. In contrast to prediction, Tie2 contains not two but three immunoglobulin (Ig) domains, which fold together with the three epidermal growth factor domains into a compact, arrowhead-shaped structure. Ang2 binds at the tip of the arrowhead utilizing a lock-and-key mode of ligand recognition-unique for a receptor kinase-where two complementary surfaces interact with each other with no domain rearrangements and little conformational change in either molecule. Ang2-Tie2 recognition is similar to antibody-protein antigen recognition, including the location of the ligand-binding site within the Ig fold. Analysis of the structures and structure-based mutagenesis provide insight into the mechanism of receptor activation and support the hypothesis that all angiopoietins interact with Tie2 in a structurally similar manner. C1 Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Struct Biol Program, New York, NY 10021 USA. NE CAT, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Nikolov, DB (reprint author), Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Struct Biol Program, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM nikolovd@mskcc.org RI kolev, mihail/D-1476-2015 OI kolev, mihail/0000-0002-5226-4759 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-15301]; NHLBI NIH HHS [R01-HL077249] NR 49 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1545-9993 J9 NAT STRUCT MOL BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 13 IS 6 BP 524 EP 532 DI 10.1038/nsmb1101 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 050XG UT WOS:000238122500017 PM 16732286 ER PT J AU Copin, Y Blanc, N Bongard, S Gangler, E Sauge, L Smadja, G Antilogus, P Garavini, G Gilles, S Pain, R Aldering, G Bailey, S Lee, BC Loken, S Nugent, P Perlmutter, S Scalzo, R Thomas, RC Wang, L Weaver, BA Pecontal, E Kessler, R Baltay, C Rabinowitz, D Bauer, A AF Copin, Y. Blanc, N. Bongard, S. Gangler, E. Sauge, L. Smadja, G. Antilogus, P. Garavini, G. Gilles, S. Pain, R. Aldering, G. Bailey, S. Lee, B. C. Loken, S. Nugent, P. Perlmutter, S. Scalzo, R. Thomas, R. C. Wang, L. Weaver, B. A. Pecontal, E. Kessler, R. Baltay, C. Rabinowitz, D. Bauer, A. TI The nearby supernova factory SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integral Field Spectroscopy CY JUL 04-08, 2005 CL Durham, ENGLAND DE cosmology; observations; instrumentation; spectrographs AB The Nearby Supernova Factory is an international project to discover and Study nearby thermonuclear (type Ia) supernovx. The unbiased search of targets in the 0.03 < z < 0.08 range is based upon the NEAT/QUEST programme, and follow-up observations are performed with the dedicated integral field spectrograph SNIFS. The goal is to acquire a large and homogeneous spectro-photometric dataset covering the extended optical range (320-1000 nm), and spanning the full life-time of the explosions. This will allow detailed studies of the local Hubble diagram, the SNe Ia physics, the SNe-host galaxy correlations, and will serve as an unprecedented nearby benchmark for the high-z cosmological studies to come. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Inst Phys Nucl, Lyon, France. Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies Paris, Paris, France. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Ctr Rech Astron Lyon, Lyon, France. Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Copin, Y (reprint author), Inst Phys Nucl, Lyon, France. EM y.copin@ipnl.in2p3.fr RI Copin, Yannick/B-4928-2015; Perlmutter, Saul/I-3505-2015; OI Copin, Yannick/0000-0002-5317-7518; Perlmutter, Saul/0000-0002-4436-4661; Scalzo, Richard/0000-0003-3740-1214 NR 5 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 50 IS 4-5 BP 436 EP 438 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2006.02.035 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 061QT UT WOS:000238888200048 ER PT J AU Richter-Addo, GB Copeland, DM West, AH Soares, AS AF Richter-Addo, GB Copeland, DM West, AH Soares, AS TI NO and nitrite with iron porphyrins: A structural perspective SO NITRIC OXIDE-BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International Conference on Biology, Chemistry and Therapeutic Applications of Nitric Oxide CY JUN 25-29, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP NitroMed Inc, INO Therapeut, Ajinomoto AminoSci LLC, Bayer HealthCare, BioMarin Pharmaceut Inc, Nitr Oxide Soc Japan, Pfizer Inc, Schering AG, ALEXIS Biochem, Altana Pharma AG, BioLegend Ing, BIOMOL Int LP, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cognosci Inc, ECO PHYS INC, Med Coll Georgia C1 Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1089-8603 J9 NITRIC OXIDE-BIOL CH JI Nitric Oxide-Biol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 14 IS 4 BP A73 EP A73 DI 10.1016/j.niox.2006.04.239 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 054TC UT WOS:000238400500226 ER PT J AU Ikeda, Y Umeda, N Akino, N Ebisawa, N Grisham, L Hanada, M Honda, A Inoue, T Kawai, M Kazawa, M Kikuchi, K Komata, M Mogaki, K Noto, K Okano, F Ohga, T Oshima, K Takenouchi, T Tanai, Y Usui, K Yamazaki, H Yamamoto, T AF Ikeda, Y. Umeda, N. Akino, N. Ebisawa, N. Grisham, L. Hanada, M. Honda, A. Inoue, T. Kawai, M. Kazawa, M. Kikuchi, K. Komata, M. Mogaki, K. Noto, K. Okano, F. Ohga, T. Oshima, K. Takenouchi, T. Tanai, Y. Usui, K. Yamazaki, H. Yamamoto, T. TI Present status of the negative ion based NBI system for long pulse operation on JT-60U SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th IAEA Technical Meeting on Negative Ion Based Neutral Beam Injectors CY MAY 09-SEP 11, 2005 CL Padua, ITALY SP IAEA AB The 500 keV negative-ion based neutral beam injector for JT-60U started operations in 1996. The availability of the negative ion based neutral beam injection system has been improved gradually by modifying the ion source and optimizing its operation parameters. Recently, the extension of the pulse duration up to 30 s has been intended to study quasi-steady state plasma on JT-60U. The most serious issue is to reduce the heat load on the grids for tong pulse operation. Two modifications have been proposed to reduce the heat load. One is to suppress the spread of beamlet-bundle which may be caused by beamlet-beamlet interaction in the multi-aperture grid due to the space charge force. Indeed, the investigation of the beam deflection, which was measured by the infrared camera on the target plate set 3.5 m away from the grid, indicates that the spread of beamlet-bundle is in proportion to the current density. Field-shaping plates were attached on the extraction grid to modify the local electric field. The plate thickness was optimized to steer the beamlet deflection. The other is to reduce the stripping loss, where the electron of the negative ion beam is stripped and accelerated in the accelerator and then collides with the grids. The ion source was modified to reduce the pressure in the accelerator column to suppress the beam-ion stripping loss. To date, long pulse injection of 19 s of 1.5-1.6 MW at a high energy beam of 360 keV, 9-10 A for D- has been obtained by one ion source with these modifications. C1 Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Ikeda, Y (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, 801-1 Mukouyama, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. NR 15 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JUN PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP S211 EP S219 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/46/6/S02 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 059AK UT WOS:000238705500003 ER PT J AU Warnock, RL AF Warnock, Robert L. TI Study of bunch instabilities by the nonlinear Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equation SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on High Intensity Beam Dynamics CY SEP 12-16, 2005 CL Senigallia, ITALY DE multiparticle beam dynamics; coherent instabilities; coherent synchrotron radiation; Vlasov study of instabilities; Vlasov-Fokker-Planck ID SPACE AB Instabilities of the bunch form in storage rings may be induced through the wake field arising from corrugations in the vacuum chamber, or from the wake and precursor fields due to coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR). For over 40 years the linearized Vlasov equation has been applied to calculate the threshold in current for an instability, and the initial growth rate. Increasing interest in nonlinear aspects of the motion has led to numerical solutions of the nonlinear Vlasov equation, augmented with Fokker-Planck terms to describe incoherent synchrotron radiation in the case of electron storage rings. This opens the door to much deeper studies of coherent instabilities, revealing a rich variety of nonlinear phenomena. Recent work on this topic by the author and collaborators is reviewed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Warnock, RL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, POB 20450, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM warnock@slac.stanford.edu NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 561 IS 2 BP 186 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.01.041 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 053HV UT WOS:000238297100010 ER PT J AU Lund, SM Chawla, SR AF Lund, Steven M. Chawla, Sugreev R. TI Space-charge transport limits of ion beams in periodic quadrupole focusing channels SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on High Intensity Beam Dynamics CY SEP 12-16, 2005 CL Senigallia, ITALY DE intense beam; space charge; emittance growth; simulation ID HALO FORMATION AB It has been empirically observed in both experiments and particle-in-cell simulations that space-charge-dominated beams suffer strong growth in statistical phase-space area (degraded quality) and particle losses in alternating gradient quadrupole transport channels when the undepressed phase advance sigma(0) increases beyond about 85 degrees per lattice period. Although this criterion has been used extensively in practical designs of strong focusing intense beam transport lattices, the origin of the limit has not been understood. We propose a mechanism for the transport limit resulting from strongly chaotic classes of halo particle resonances near the core of the beam that allow near-edge particles to rapidly increase in oscillation amplitude when the space-charge intensity and the flutter of the matched beam envelope are both sufficiently large. When coupled with a diffuse beam edge and/or perturbations internal to the beam core that can drive particles outside the edge, this mechanism can result in large and rapid halo-driven increases in the statistical phase-space area of the beam, lost particles, and degraded transport. A core-particle model is applied to parametrically analyze this process. Extensive self-consistent particle in cell simulations is employed to better quantify properties of the space-charge limits and to verify core-particle model predictions. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lund, SM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM SMLund@llnl.gov NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 561 IS 2 BP 203 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.02.195 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 053HV UT WOS:000238297100012 ER PT J AU Luccio, AU D'Imperio, N Malitsky, N AF Luccio, AU D'Imperio, N Malitsky, N TI Numerical methods for simulation of high-intensity hadron synchrotrons SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on High Intensity Beam Dynamics CY SEP 12-16, 2005 CL Senigallia, ITALY AB Numerical algorithms for PIC simulation of beam dynamics in a high-intensity synchrotron on a parallel computer are presented. We introduce numerical solvers of the Laplace-Poisson equation in the presence of walls, and algorithms to compute tunes and twiss functions in the presence of space-charge forces. The working code for the simulation here presented is SIMBAD, that can be run as standalone or as part of the Unified Accelerator Libraries (UAL) package. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, CAD Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Luccio, AU (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, CAD Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM luccio@bnl.gov NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 561 IS 2 BP 216 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.01.037 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 053HV UT WOS:000238297100014 ER PT J AU Ng, KY AF Ng, KY TI One-turn map investigation on space-charge modulation of betatron tune by synchrotron oscillation SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on High Intensity Beam Dynamics CY SEP 12-16, 2005 CL Senigallia, ITALY DE space-charge; modulation; damping ring AB The modulation of the betatron tune by the space-charge force as a result of synchrotron oscillation is studied. A one-turn-map model is devised and is applied to the various designs of the International Linear Collider damping ring. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Ng, KY (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM ng@fnal.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 561 IS 2 BP 276 EP 283 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.01.040 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 053HV UT WOS:000238297100023 ER PT J AU Cousineau, SM AF Cousineau, SM TI Space charge and high intensity beam issues in the design and comissioning of the SNS accelerator SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on High Intensity Beam Dynamics CY SEP 12-16, 2005 CL Senigallia, ITALY DE space charge; spallation AB The spallation neutron source will deliver a 1 GeV, 1.44 MW beam to a liquid mercury target for neutron spallation. The accelerator consists of a 1 GeV, H- linac and a proton accumulator ring for bunch length compression. Due to the unprecedented beam intensity, collective effects, particularly space charge effects, are expected to be primary source of beam loss throughout the accelerator. The staged commissioning of the accelerator has allowed first observations of these effects in the linac. Here, we present the challenges of the high-intensity beam commissioning, and include preliminary results of halo formation studies in the warm linac. Additionally, anticipated space charge effects in the accumulator ring and the design philosophy adopted to mitigate these effects are presented. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Cousineau, SM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM scousine@ornl.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 561 IS 2 BP 297 EP 304 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.01.038 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 053HV UT WOS:000238297100026 ER PT J AU Ozawa, A Cai, YZ Chen, ZQ Chiba, M Fang, DQ Guo, ZG Izumikawa, T Li, JX Mao, RS Ohnishi, T Shen, WQ Suda, T Sun, ZY Suzuki, T Tanihata, I Tian, WD Wang, JS Wang, M Wei, YB Xiao, GQ Xiao, ZG Yamaguchi, T Yamaguchi, Y Yoshida, A Zhan, WL Zhang, HY Zheng, T Zhong, C AF Ozawa, A Cai, YZ Chen, ZQ Chiba, M Fang, DQ Guo, ZG Izumikawa, T Li, JX Mao, RS Ohnishi, T Shen, WQ Suda, T Sun, ZY Suzuki, T Tanihata, I Tian, WD Wang, JS Wang, M Wei, YB Xiao, GQ Xiao, ZG Yamaguchi, T Yamaguchi, Y Yoshida, A Zhan, WL Zhang, HY Zheng, T Zhong, C TI Measurements of the interaction cross-sections for Be-14 and B-14,B-15 as projectiles with a new scheme at RIBLL SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE nuclear reactions C(Be-14, Be-14) (B-14,B-15, B-14,B-15), E similar to 50 MeV/nucleon; measured interaction sigma ID INTERMEDIATE ENERGY-RANGE; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; HALO STRUCTURE; FRAGMENTS; TRENDS; C-16 AB We have measured the interaction cross-sections (sigma(1)) for light neutron-rich nuclei (Be-14, B-14,B-15) at similar to 50A MeV at the Radioactive Ion Beam Line in Lanzhou (RIBLL) in IMP with a new scheme. In this scheme, a carbon reaction target was installed at the intermediate focusing point at RIBLL. This scheme allowed us to identify particles before and after the reaction target unambiguously. However, this scheme might suffer a large loss of transmission efficiency in the second half of RIBLL. We checked this effect by changing the emittance of the RI beams. The results showed that a correction of the transmission efficiency is needed to deduce sigma(1). We performed a Monte Carlo type simulation and tried to deduce sigma(1) for the above nuclei. Finally, we obtained reasonable sigma(1) although their error bars were fairly large. The results were compared with calculations by an energy-dependent semi-empirical formula. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. Niigata Univ, Radioisotope Ctr, Niigata 9518510, Japan. Saitama Univ, Fac Sci, Urawa, Saitama 3388570, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Ozawa, A (reprint author), Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. EM ozawa@tac.tsukuba.ac.jp RI Sun, Zhiyu/B-3922-2012; chen, zhiqiang/B-5532-2015 OI Sun, Zhiyu/0000-0002-7667-3178; NR 20 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2006 VL 247 IS 2 BP 155 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.01.054 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 051SW UT WOS:000238182200001 ER PT J AU Whitlow, HJ Zhang, Y Wang, CM McCready, DE Zhang, T Wu, Y AF Whitlow, HJ Zhang, Y Wang, CM McCready, DE Zhang, T Wu, Y TI Formation of cobalt silicide from filter metal vacuum arc deposited films SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE silicide; synthesis; ion beam analysis; electron microscopy ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; FLUENCE CO IMPLANTATION; ION-BEAM SYNTHESIS; IMPROVED THERMAL-STABILITY; COSI2 FORMATION; ANNEALING TEMPERATURE; MEDIATED EPITAXY; LAYER; SI; GROWTH AB The thermal reaction of Co film deposited on Si(111) surfaces by a high current filter metal vacuum arc (FMEVAD) system has been studied. After deposition the films were annealed over the 400-900 degrees C temperature range for 30 min. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) was used to characterize the elemental depth distributions in the films subjected to different annealing temperatures. Ordered chemical phases were determined by glancing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and the morphology was determined by cross section transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the phases formed are Co2Si at 400 degrees C, CoSi + Coo at 500 degrees C, CoSi + CoSi2 at 600 degrees C and CoSi2 at (700-800 degrees C). At 900 degrees C, CiSi(2) was formed with a mixture of cubic cobalt and probably an amorphous cobalt oxide surface layer. The interface morphology was a rough cusp-like crenelation at 600 degrees C which became less pronounced after annealing at 800 degrees C. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, FIN-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. Malmo Hogskola, Sch Technol & Soc, Malmo, Sweden. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Beijing Normal Univ, Inst Low Energy Nucl Phys, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. Lund Inst Technol, Div Nucl Phys, Lund, Sweden. RP Whitlow, HJ (reprint author), Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, POB 35,YFL, FIN-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. EM Harry_J.Whitlow@phys.jyu.fi NR 74 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2006 VL 247 IS 2 BP 271 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.02.016 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 051SW UT WOS:000238182200018 ER PT J AU De Cecco, S AF De Cecco, S TI Hot topics from CDF SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on B-Physics at Hadron Machines CY JUN 20-24, 2005 CL Assisi, ITALY AB This is a report on selected CDF B physics recent results, namely on: B., mixing, charmless B decays and the search for FCNC B -> mu mu. The analysis reviewed are based on data collected from CDF detector up to summer 2004 corresponding to 360 pb(-1) of integrated Luminosity. Perspectives for CDF B physics are also outlined. C1 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP De Cecco, S (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, 1 Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RI De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 156 BP 8 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.03.069 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 038OY UT WOS:000237233400003 ER PT J AU Moulik, T AF Moulik, T TI Study of B oscillations at the DO experiment SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on B-Physics at Hadron Machines CY JUN 20-24, 2005 CL Assisi, ITALY ID MUON SYSTEM; TOP-QUARK; DETECTOR AB We describe the study of B-d and B-s oscillations at the DO experiment. C1 Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Moulik, T (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500,MS 352, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 156 BP 38 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.03.056 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 038OY UT WOS:000237233400010 ER PT J AU Hurth, T AF Hurth, T TI New physics search in flavour physics SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on B-Physics at Hadron Machines CY JUN 20-24, 2005 CL Assisi, ITALY ID QCD FACTORIZATION; B-DECAYS; ISOSPIN ANALYSIS; CP VIOLATION; PI DECAYS; ASYMMETRIES; PARAMETERS AB With the running B, kaon and neutrino physics experiments, flavour physics takes centre stage within today's particle physics. We discuss the opportunities offered by these experiments in our search for new physics beyond the SM and discuss their complementarity to collider physics. We focus on rare B and kaon decays. We also comment on the so-called B -> pi pi and B -> K pi puzzles. Moreover, we briefly discuss the restrictive role of long-distance strong interactions and some new tools such as QCD factorization and SCET to handle them. C1 CERN, Dept Phys, Theory Unit, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Hurth, T (reprint author), CERN, Dept Phys, Theory Unit, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 156 BP 195 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.02.130 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 038OY UT WOS:000237233400043 ER PT J AU Wester, W AF Wester, W CA CDF DO Collaborations TI B-c(-) at the Tevatron SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on B-Physics at Hadron Machines CY JUN 20-24, 2005 CL Assisi, ITALY ID COLLISIONS; TEV AB We report Tevatron results on the B-c(-) meson in Run II. The B-c(-) meson has been observed in semileptonic decays, B-c(-) -> J/psi l(-)vX, by both the CDF and DO collaborations at a significance greater than 5 sigma. For DO, the candidate B-c(-) -> J/psi mu X- events axe used to extract measurements of the mass and lifetime of the BC meson. For CDF, the B-c(-) -> J/psi l(-)vX observations have resulted in measurements of the relative production times branching ratio with respect to B- -> J/psi K- decays and a precise determination of the lifetime of the B-v(-): c tau(B-c(-)) = 0.474 (+0.073)(-0.066) +/- 0.033 ps. Also for CDF, an observation of B-c(-) -> J/psi pi(-) decays at a significance exceeding 6 sigma, results in a precise determination of the mass of the B-c(-): M(B-c(-)) = 6275.2 +/- 4.3 +/- 2.3 MeV/c(2). C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Wester, W (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 156 BP 240 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.03.077 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 038OY UT WOS:000237233400052 ER PT J AU Gottschalk, EE AF Gottschalk, EE CA BTeV Collaboration TI BTeV trigger SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on B-Physics at Hadron Machines CY JUN 20-24, 2005 CL Assisi, ITALY AB BTeV was designed to conduct precision studies of CP violation in B (B) over bar events using a forward-geometry detector in a hadron collider. The detector was optimized for high-rate detection of beauty and charm particles produced in collisions between protons and antiprotons. The trigger was designed to take advantage of the main difference between events with beauty and charm particles and more typical hadronic events-the presence of detached beauty and charm decay vertices. The first stage of the BTeV trigger was to receive data from a pixel vertex detector, reconstruct tracks and vertices for every beam crossing, reject at least 98% of beam crossings in which neither beauty nor charm particles were produced, and trigger on beauty events with high efficiency. An overview of the trigger design and its evolution to include commodity networking and computing components is presented. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Gottschalk, EE (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 156 BP 252 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.02.124 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 038OY UT WOS:000237233400055 ER PT J AU Aumeier, SE Alpay, B Lee, JC Akcasu, AZ AF Aumeier, SE Alpay, B Lee, JC Akcasu, AZ TI Probabilistic techniques for diagnosis of multiple component degradations SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID FAULT-DETECTION; REACTOR DYNAMICS; MONTE-CARLO; RATIO TEST; SYSTEMS; IDENTIFICATION AB We present probabilistic techniques that make synergistic use of available process information for diagnosis and detection of component fault manifestation in a multicomponent system. We begin by describing the motivation for using probabilistic techniques for systems diagnostics and then define probabilistic expressions that embody the diagnostics knowledge of interest. We show that a combination of a Bayesian expression with the solution to the Chapman-Kolmogoroff equation contains the diagnostic information. of interest while explicitly making use of available process information including plant data or measurements, mathematical system models, and individual component reliability data. Given these probabilistic expressions, we introduce a practical means of obtaining the necessary constituent probability density functions corresponding to feasible component transitions via an adaptive Kalman filtering formulation. To demonstrate the consolidated probabilistic technique, we consider a low-order model of a balance of plant of a boiling water reactor, represented by I I system variables, 9 component characteristics, and 5 observations. We simulate 5 to 10% degradations in two components subject to 1% signal noise in two different transient events. Our test calculations indicate that the proposed algorithm is able to provide correct fault detection and diagnosis of the faulted components and fault magnitudes, together with a rank-ordered likelihood of the binary faults. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Nonproliferat Programs & Technol, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Aumeier, SE (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Nonproliferat Programs & Technol, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. EM jcl@umich.edu NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 153 IS 2 BP 101 EP 123 PG 23 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 053AI UT WOS:000238275300001 ER PT J AU Cox, S Posner, SF McPheeters, M Jamieson, DJ Kourtis, AP Meikle, S AF Cox, Shanna Posner, Samuel F. McPheeters, Melissa Jamieson, Denise J. Kourtis, Athena P. Meikle, Susan TI Hospitalizations with respiratory illness among pregnant women during influenza season SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES AB OBJECTIVE: To examine hospitalizations with respiratory illness among pregnant women in the United States during periods of influenza activity. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample (NIS), the largest publicly available all-payer hospital discharge database. Hospitalizations for respiratory illness and pregnancy were classified with International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Analyses were stratified by delivery status. Discharge characteristics, length of stay, and complications of delivery among hospitalized pregnant women with and those without respiratory illness were compared. RESULTS: During the 1998-2002 influenza seasons, 3.4 per 1,000 hospitalizations of pregnant women included diagnoses of respiratory illness. Characteristics of pregnancy hospitalizations associated with higher odds of respiratory illness were presence of a high-risk condition for which influenza vaccination is recommended (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.2, 95% confidence interval [Cl] 3.0-3.5 and OR 6.0, 95% Cl 5.2-6.9 for nondelivery and delivery, respectively), Medicaid/Medicare as primary expected payer of care (OR 1.2, 95% Cl 1.1-1.3 and OR 1.9, 95% Cl 1.7-2.2 for nondelivery and delivery, respectively), and hospitalization in a rural area (OR 1.2, 95% Cl 1.1-1.4 for nondelivery). During influenza season, hospitalized pregnant women with respiratory illness had significantly longer lengths of stay and higher odds of delivery complications than hospitalized pregnant women without respiratory illness. CONCLUSION: Hospitalizations with respiratory illness among pregnant women during influenza season are associated with increased burden for patients and the health care system. Intervention efforts to decrease influenza-related respiratory morbidity among pregnant women should be encouraged. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Michigan, Hlth Syst, Div Gen Pediat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Rockville, MD USA. RP Posner, SF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway MS K-20, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM shp5@cdc.gov RI Cox, Shanna/F-4806-2011; OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 14 TC 94 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 107 IS 6 BP 1315 EP 1322 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000218702.92005.bb PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 095GS UT WOS:000241296800016 PM 16738158 ER PT J AU Boore, JL AF Boore, Jeffrey L. TI Requirements and standards for organelle genome databases SO OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME; CHLOROPLAST GENOMES; TRANSFER-RNA; FLOWERING PLANT; PLASTID GENOME; GENE-TRANSFER; LAND PLANTS; DNA; EVOLUTION; NUCLEUS AB Mitochondria and plastids (collectively called organelles) descended from prokaryotes that adopted an intracellular, endosymbiotic lifestyle within early eukaryotes. Comparisons of their remnant genomes address a wide variety of biological questions, especially when including the genomes of their prokaryotic relatives and the many genes transferred to the eukaryotic nucleus during the transitions from endosymbiont to organelle. The pace of producing complete organellar genome sequences now makes it unfeasible to do broad comparisons using the primary literature and, even if it were feasible, it is now becoming uncommon for journals to accept detailed descriptions of genome-level features. Unfortunately, no database is completely useful for this task, since they have little standardization and are riddled with error. Further, the descriptors necessary to make full use of these data are generally lacking. Here, I outline what is currently wrong and what must be done to make this data useful to the scientific community. This paper is part of the special issue of OMICS on data standards. C1 US DOE, Joint Gen Inst, Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Genome Project Solut, Walnut Creek, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Boore, JL (reprint author), US DOE, Joint Gen Inst, Dept Energy, 2800 Mitchell Dr, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM JLBoore@berkeley.edu NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1536-2310 J9 OMICS JI OMICS PD JUN PY 2006 VL 10 IS 2 BP 119 EP 126 DI 10.1089/omi.2006.10.119 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 079XJ UT WOS:000240210900006 PM 16901216 ER PT J AU Jones, AR Pizarro, A Spellman, P Miller, M AF Jones, Andrew R. Pizarro, Angel Spellman, Paul Miller, Michael CA FuGE Working Grp TI FuGE: Functional Genomics Experiment Object Model SO OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REPRESENTATION AB This is an interim report on the Functional Genomics Experiment (FuGE) Object Model. FuGE is a framework for creating data standards for high-throughput biological experiments, developed by a consortium of researchers from academia and industry. FuGE supports rich annotation of samples, protocols, instruments, and software, as well as providing extension points for technology specific details. It has been adopted by microarray and proteomics standards bodies as a basis for forthcoming standards. It is hoped that standards developers for other omics techniques will join this collaborative effort; widespread adoption will allow uniform annotation of common parts of functional genomics workflows, reduce standard development and learning times through the sharing of consistent practice, and ease the construction of software for accessing and integrating functional genomics data. This paper is part of the special issue of OMICS on data standards. C1 Univ Manchester, Sch Comp Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Penn, Inst Translat Med & Therapeut, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Rosetta Inpharmat LLC, Seattle, WA USA. RP Jones, AR (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Sch Comp Sci, Kilburn Bldg,Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM ajones@cs.man.ac.uk OI Jones, Andrew/0000-0001-6118-9327 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [P41 HG003619-01] NR 8 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1536-2310 J9 OMICS JI OMICS PD JUN PY 2006 VL 10 IS 2 BP 179 EP 184 DI 10.1089/omi.2006.10.179 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 079XJ UT WOS:000240210900014 PM 16901224 ER PT J AU Rubin, DL Lewis, SE Mungall, CJ Misra, S Westerfield, M Ashburner, M Sim, I Chute, CG Solbrig, H Storey, MA Smith, B Day-Richter, J Noy, NF Musen, MA AF Rubin, Daniel L. Lewis, Suzanna E. Mungall, Chris J. Misra, Sima Westerfield, Monte Ashburner, Michael Sim, Ida Chute, Christopher G. Solbrig, Harold Storey, Margaret-Anne Smith, Barry Day-Richter, John Noy, Natalya F. Musen, Mark A. TI National Center for Biomedical Ontology: Advancing biomedicine through structured organization of scientific knowledge SO OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DATABASE; FLYBASE; ZFIN AB The National Center for Biomedical Ontology is a consortium that comprises leading informaticians, biologists, clinicians, and ontologists, funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Roadmap, to develop innovative technology and methods that allow scientists to record, manage, and disseminate biomedical information and knowledge in machine-processable form. The goals of the Center are (1) to help unify the divergent and isolated efforts in ontology development by promoting high quality open-source, standards-based tools to create, manage, and use ontologies, (2) to create new software tools so that scientists can use ontologies to annotate and analyze biomedical data, (3) to provide a national resource for the ongoing evaluation, integration, and evolution of biomedical ontologies and associated tools and theories in the context of driving biomedical projects (DBPs), and (4) to disseminate the tools and resources of the Center and to identify, evaluate, and communicate best practices of ontology development to the biomedical community. Through the research activities within the Center, collaborations with the DBPs, and interactions with the biomedical community, our goal is to help scientists to work more effectively in the e-science paradigm, enhancing experiment design, experiment execution, data analysis, information synthesis, hypothesis generation and testing, and understand human disease. This paper is part of the special issue of OMICS on data standards. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Biol, Portland, OR USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Genet, Cambridge, England. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Mayo Clin Rochester, Dept Biomed Informat, Rochester, MN USA. Univ Victoria, Dept Comp Sci, Victoria, BC, Canada. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Philosophy, Buffalo, NY USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Rubin, DL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, MSOB X-215, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM rubin@smi.stanford.edu RI Smith, Barry/A-9525-2011; OI Smith, Barry/0000-0003-1384-116X; Lewis, Suzanna/0000-0002-8343-612X FU NHGRI NIH HHS [U54 HG004028] NR 19 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 10 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1536-2310 J9 OMICS JI OMICS PD JUN PY 2006 VL 10 IS 2 BP 185 EP 198 DI 10.1089/omi.2006.10.185 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 079XJ UT WOS:000240210900015 PM 16901225 ER PT J AU Deutsch, EW Ball, CA Bova, GS Brazma, A Bumgarner, RE Campbell, D Causton, HC Christiansen, J Davidson, D Eichner, LJ Goo, YA Grimmond, S Henrich, T Johnson, MH Korb, M Mills, JC Oudes, A Parkinson, HE Pascal, LE Quackenbush, J Ramialison, M Ringwald, M Sansone, SA Sherlock, G Stoeckert, CJ Swedlow, J Taylor, RC Walashek, L Zhou, Y Liu, AY True, LD AF Deutsch, Eric W. Ball, Catherine A. Bova, G. Steven Brazma, Alvis Bumgarner, Roger E. Campbell, David Causton, Helen C. Christiansen, Jeff Davidson, Duncan Eichner, Lillian J. Goo, Young Ah Grimmond, Sean Henrich, Thorsten Johnson, Michael H. Korb, Martin Mills, Jason C. Oudes, Asa Parkinson, Helen E. Pascal, Laura E. Quackenbush, John Ramialison, Mirana Ringwald, Martin Sansone, Susanna-A. Sherlock, Gavin Stoeckert, Christian J., Jr. Swedlow, Jason Taylor, Ronald C. Walashek, Laura Zhou, Yi Liu, Alvin Y. True, Lawrence D. TI Development of the Minimum Information Specification for in situ Hybridization and Immunohistochemistry Experiments (MISFISHIE) SO OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB We describe the creation process of the Minimum Information Specification for In Situ Hybridization and Immunohistochemistry Experiments (MISFISHIE). Modeled after the existing minimum information specification for microarray data, we created a new specification for gene expression localization experiments, initially to facilitate data sharing within a consortium. After successful use within the consortium, the specification was circulated to members of the wider biomedical research community for comment and refinement. After a period of acquiring many new suggested requirements, it was necessary to enter a final phase of excluding those requirements that were deemed inappropriate as a minimum requirement for all experiments. The full specification will soon be published as a version 1.0 proposal to the community, upon which a more full discussion must take place so that the final specification may be achieved with the involvement of the whole community. This paper is part of the special issue of OMICS on data standards. C1 Inst Syst Biol, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Informat Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Genet, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Oncol, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Baltimore, MD USA. EBI, EMBL, Cambridge, England. Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Western Gen Hosp, MRC, Human Genet Unit, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Midlothian, Scotland. Imperial Coll Sch Med Microarray Ctr, CSC, London, England. Univ Washington, Dept Urol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Queensland, Inst Mol Biosci, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. EMBL Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Immunol, St Louis, MO USA. Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Jackson Lab, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Penn, Ctr Bioinformat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Genet, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Dundee, Wellcome Trust Bioctr, Div Gene Regulat & Express, Dundee, Scotland. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pathol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Deutsch, EW (reprint author), Inst Syst Biol, 1441 N 34th St, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM edeutsch@systemsbiology.org RI Sherlock, Gavin/B-1831-2009; Sherlock, Gavin/E-9110-2012; Bumgarner, Roger/K-3531-2015; Grimmond, Sean/J-5304-2016; OI Bumgarner, Roger/0000-0002-8168-6985; Grimmond, Sean/0000-0002-8102-7998; Christiansen, Jeffrey/0000-0002-8146-1225; Sansone, Susanna-Assunta/0000-0001-5306-5690; Ramialison, Mirana/0000-0001-6315-4777 FU Medical Research Council [MC_U127527203]; NIDDK NIH HHS [1U01 DK63328, 1U01 DK63481, 1R01 DK63400, 1U01 DK63483, 1U01 DK63630] NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1536-2310 J9 OMICS JI OMICS PD JUN PY 2006 VL 10 IS 2 BP 205 EP 208 DI 10.1089/omi.2006.10.205 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 079XJ UT WOS:000240210900017 PM 16901227 ER PT J AU Phuoc, TX AF Phuoc, TX TI Laser-induced spark for simultaneous ignition and fuel-to-air ratio measurements SO OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE laser-induced spark; fuel-to-air ratio; ignition; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; ENGINE; MIXTURE AB This work investigates the use of laser-induced gas breakdown for simultaneously igniting and measuring fuel-to-air ratio of CH4-air and H-2-air combustible mixtures. The fuel-to-air ratio is determined using the measured spectral peak ratio I-o,I-H alpha/I-o,I-OI. Sparks are produced using a single-mode, Q-switched Nd-YAG laser. The laser produces a beam of 6 mm in diameter at the wavelength of 1064 nm and pulse duration of 5.5 ns. The beam optics is designed to have mainly a beam splitter and a focusing lens. The beam splitter is coated to reflect the laser beam and transmit emission lines with wavelengths from 600 to 900 nm which are then collected by a fiberoptic cable and detected by an imaging spectrometer-detector assembly. The results showed a linear dependence of the spectral peak ratio oil the equivalence ratio that can be generally expressed by phi = a(I-o,I-H alpha/I-o,I-OI) + b, where a and b are the parameters that depend on the gas pressure. Using the least-square curve fitting technique to fit the experimental data, a calibration curve for calculating the equivalence ratio as a function of the ratio of (I-o,I-H alpha/I-o,I-OI) was generated. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Phuoc, TX (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940,MS 84-340, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM tran@netl.doe.gov NR 14 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-8166 J9 OPT LASER ENG JI Opt. Lasers Eng. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 44 IS 6 BP 520 EP 534 DI 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2005.07.007 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA 027EX UT WOS:000236397900003 ER PT J AU Hu, J Xin, XB Zhao, JH Yan, F Guan, B Seely, J Kjornrattanawanich, B AF Hu, J Xin, XB Zhao, JH Yan, F Guan, B Seely, J Kjornrattanawanich, B TI Highly sensitive visible-blind extreme ultraviolet Ni/4H-SiC Schottky photodiodes with large detection area SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Ni/4H-SiC Schottky photodiodes of 5 mm X 5 mm area have been fabricated and characterized. The photodiodes show less than 0.1 pA dark current at -4 V and an ideality factor of 1.06. A quantum efficiency (QE) between 3 and 400 nm has been calibrated and compared with Si photodiodes optimized for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) detection. In the EUV region, the QE of SiC detectors increases from 0.14 electrons/photon at 120 nm to 30 electrons/photon at 3 nm. The mean energy of electron-hole pair generation of 4H-SiC estimated from the spectral QE is found to be 7.9 eV. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, SiCLAB, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Detector Syst Branch, MEI Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Univ Space Res Assoc, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hu, J (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, SiCLAB, 94 Brett Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM fyan@pop500.gsfc.nasa.gov NR 13 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 11 BP 1591 EP 1593 DI 10.1364/OL.31.001591 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 045FO UT WOS:000237728200001 PM 16688230 ER PT J AU Efimov, A Taylor, AJ Yulin, AV Skryabin, DV Knight, JC AF Efimov, A Taylor, AJ Yulin, AV Skryabin, DV Knight, JC TI Phase-sensitive scattering of a continuous wave on a soliton SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBERS; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; DISPERSION AB Using cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating, we observe the phase-sensitive resonance in the interaction of a soliton with a continuous wave in a photonic crystal fiber. This interaction strongly depends on the difference in the phase velocities of the orthogonally polarized fiber modes and leads to generation of a new spectral peak. The spectral and temporal structure of this signal is revealed in our measurements, which are supported by analytical theory and numerical simulations. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Bath, Ctr Photon & Photon Mat, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. RP Efimov, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS K771, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM efimov@lanl.gov RI Knight, Jonathan/D-3879-2011; Yulin, Alexey/M-9613-2013; Yulin, Alexey/B-6139-2015; OI Knight, Jonathan/0000-0002-0802-8804; Yulin, Alexey/0000-0002-0739-0764; Yulin, Alexey/0000-0002-2403-6564; Efimov, Anatoly/0000-0002-5559-4147 NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 11 BP 1624 EP 1626 DI 10.1364/OL.31.001624 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 045FO UT WOS:000237728200012 PM 16688241 ER PT J AU Baker, AH Falgout, RD Yang, UM AF Baker, A. H. Falgout, R. D. Yang, U. M. TI An assumed partition algorithm for determining processor inter-communication SO PARALLEL COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE global partition; processor inter-communication; rendezvous algorithm; scalability; distributed directory ID CONCEPTUAL INTERFACES AB The recent advent of parallel machines with tens of thousands of processors is presenting new challenges for obtaining scalability. A particular challenge for large-scale scientific software is determining the inter-processor communications required by the computation when a global description of the data is unavailable or too costly to store. We present a type of rendezvous algorithm that determines communication partners in a scalable manner by assuming the global distribution of the data. We analyze the algorithm theoretically and demonstrate its scaling properties on up to 32,768 processors of BlueGene/L in the context of determining communication patterns for a matrix-vector multiply in the hypre software library. Our algorithm is very general and is applicable to a variety of situations in parallel computing. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Baker, AH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Box 808 L-551, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM abaker@llnl.gov; rfalgout@llnl.gov; umyang@llnl.gov NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8191 J9 PARALLEL COMPUT JI Parallel Comput. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 32 IS 5-6 BP 394 EP 414 DI 10.1016/j.parco.2006.06.009 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 085BK UT WOS:000240577900004 ER PT J AU Osetsky, YN Rodney, D Bacon, DJ AF Osetsky, YN Rodney, D Bacon, DJ TI Atomic-scale study of dislocation-stacking fault tetrahedron interactions. Part I: mechanisms SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY OBSERVATIONS; PLASTIC-FLOW LOCALIZATION; INDUCED DEFECT CLUSTERS; COPPER SINGLE-CRYSTALS; FCC METALS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; VACANCY LOOPS; ALPHA-IRON; DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; INTERSTITIAL LOOPS AB Stacking fault tetrahedra (SFTs) are formed under irradiation in fcc metals and alloys. The high number density of SFTs observed suggests that they should contribute to radiation-induced hardening and, therefore, be taken into account when estimating mechanical property changes of irradiated materials. The key issue in this is to describe the interaction between a moving dislocation and an individual SFT, which is distinguished by a small physical size of the order of similar to 1 - 10 nm. We have performed atomistic simulations of edge and screw dislocations interacting with SFTs of different sizes at different temperatures and strain rates. Five possible interaction outcomes have been identified, involving either partial absorption, or shearing or restoration of SFTs. The mechanisms that give rise to these processes are described and their dependence on interaction parameters, such as SFT size, dislocation - SFT geometry, temperature and stress/ strain rate are determined. Mechanisms that help to explain the formation of defect-free channels cleared by gliding dislocations, as observed experimentally, are also discussed. Hardening due to the various mechanisms and their dependence on loading conditions will be presented in a following paper ( Part II). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. CNRS, UMR Genie Phys & Mecan Mat 5010, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Liverpool L36 9GH, Merseyside, England. RP Osetsky, YN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM osetskiyyn@ornl.gov RI Rodney, David/I-1688-2012; OI Osetskiy, Yury/0000-0002-8109-0030 NR 52 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 5 U2 37 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 86 IS 16 BP 2295 EP 2313 DI 10.1080/14786430500513783 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 038LJ UT WOS:000237221200001 ER PT J AU Tuncer, E Bowler, N Youngs, IJ Lymer, KP AF Tuncer, E Bowler, N Youngs, IJ Lymer, KP TI Investigating low-frequency dielectric properties of a composite using the distribution of relaxation times technique SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID MIXTURES 50-50; SPECTROSCOPY; PVDF AB The distribution of relaxation times approach, a less frequently employed dielectric data analysis technique, is utilized to better understand the relaxation characteristics of composites consisting of metal-coated, hollow glass spheres dispersed in a paraffin wax matrix. The dielectric properties of the composite samples are measured by means of impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range 0.1 mHz to 10 MHz. The application of a mixture law is not appropriate for the analysis of the frequency-dependent properties of the considered system on this broad frequency range. However, utilization of the distribution of relaxation times procedure to study the dielectric behaviour shows clear trends in the mixtures' relaxation spectra. Relaxation processes of the paraffin wax and those specific to the composites are found from the extracted distribution of relaxation times spectra. The influence of the filler concentration, q, on the dielectric properties is examined; a relaxation with a narrow distribution at intermediate frequencies becomes broad with the addition of the filler. This relaxation, in the form of the low-frequency-dispersions ( also known as constant phase angle) phenomenon, dominates the dielectric properties of the composites with high bead concentration, q > 0.15. The variation in dielectric properties of individual samples whose bead concentrations q are nominally the same is discussed in terms of possible microstructural variations. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Voltage & Dielect Appl Supercond Grp, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. DSTL, Dept Phys Sci, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, Wilts, England. QinetiQ Ltd, Future Syst Technol Div, Farnborough GU14 0LX, Hants, England. RP Tuncer, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Voltage & Dielect Appl Supercond Grp, Div Fus Energy, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM enis.tuncer@physics.org OI Tuncer, Enis/0000-0002-9324-4324 NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 86 IS 16 BP 2359 EP 2369 DI 10.1080/14786430500527361 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 038LJ UT WOS:000237221200005 ER PT J AU Chen, F Shulman, J Tsui, S Xue, YY Wen, W Sheng, P Chu, CW AF Chen, F Shulman, J Tsui, S Xue, YY Wen, W Sheng, P Chu, CW TI Field-induced giant static dielectric constant in nano-particle aggregates at room temperature SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB The analogy between magnetism and electricity was established by Maxwell in the 19th century, despite the subtle difference. While magnetic materials display paramagnetism, ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism and diamagnetism, only paraelectricity, ferroelectricity and antiferrolelectricity have been found in dielectric materials. The missing 'diaelectricity' may be found if there exists a material that has a dc-polarization opposing the electric field or a negative dielectric susceptibility epsilon'-1, with epsilon' being the real part of the relative dielectric constant. Both of these properties have been observed in nano-particle aggregates under a dc electric bias field at room temperature. A possible collective effect in the nano-particle aggregates is proposed to account for the observation. 'Diaelectricity' implies overscreening by polarization to the external charges. Materials with a negative static epsilon' are expected to provide attraction to similar charges and unusual scattering to electromagnetic waves with possible profound implications for high temperature superconductivity and communications. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston Sci Ctr 202, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston Sci Ctr 202, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Inst Nano Sci & Technol, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chu, CW (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston Sci Ctr 202, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM cwchu@uh.edu OI Sheng, Ping/0000-0001-9000-6366 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 86 IS 16 BP 2393 EP 2398 DI 10.1080/14786430600615025 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 038LJ UT WOS:000237221200007 ER PT J AU Beleggia, M De Graef, M Millev, Y AF Beleggia, M De Graef, M Millev, Y TI Demagnetization factors of the general ellipsoid: An alternative to the Maxwell approach SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID SHAPE; COMPUTATION; TENSOR AB A transparent, exhaustive, and self-contained method for the calculation of the demagnetization tensor of the uniformly magnetized ellipsoid is presented. The method is an alternative to the established Maxwell derivation and is based on a Fourier-space approach to the micromagnetics of magnetized bodies. The key to the success of the procedure lies in the convenient treatment of shape effects through the Fourier representation. The scaled form of the demagnetization factors which depends on two dimensionless aspect ratios is argued to be their natural integral representation. Amongst other advantages, it allows for the immediate implementation of symmetry arguments such that only one of the principal factors needs to be computed. The oblate and prolate ellipsoids of revolution are examined from the same general point of view. The demagnetization factors for these distinct types of spheroid are seen to be related by analytic continuation of well-known Gaussian hypergeometric functions. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Amer Phys Soc, Ridge, NY 11961 USA. RP Beleggia, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 480, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM beleggia@bnl.gov RI Millev, Yonko /C-8758-2012; DeGraef, Marc/G-5827-2010; OI DeGraef, Marc/0000-0002-4721-6226; MIllev, Yonko/0000-0002-2059-3275; Beleggia, Marco/0000-0002-2888-1888 NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 86 IS 16 BP 2451 EP 2466 DI 10.1080/14786430600617161 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 038LJ UT WOS:000237221200011 ER PT J AU Bena, I Khare, A Saxena, A AF Bena, I Khare, A Saxena, A TI Statistical mechanics of Lame solitons SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID SINE-GORDON; PERIODIC POTENTIALS; EQUATION; FIELDS; MODEL; LATTICE; SYSTEMS; CIRCLE; PHASE; BAND AB We study the exact statistical mechanics of Lame solitons using a transfer matrix method. This requires a knowledge of the first forbidden band of the corresponding Schrodinger equation with the periodic Lame potential. Since the latter is a quasi-exactly solvable system, an analytical evaluation of the partition function can be done only for a few temperatures. We also study approximately the finite temperature thermodynamics using the ideal kink gas phenomenology. The zero-temperature 'thermodynamics' of the soliton lattice solutions is also addressed. Moreover, in appropriate limits our results reduce to that of the sine-Gordon problem. C1 Univ Geneva, Dept Theoret Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bena, I (reprint author), Univ Geneva, Dept Theoret Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. EM Ioana.Bena@physics.unige.ch; khare@iopb.res.in; abs@viking.lanl.gov NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 6 BP 545 EP 555 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/73/6/005 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 044LC UT WOS:000237672900005 ER PT J AU Barabash, RI Ice, GE Liu, W Roder, C Figge, S Einfeldt, S Hommel, D Katona, TM Speck, JS DenBaars, SP Davis, RF AF Barabash, RI Ice, GE Liu, W Roder, C Figge, S Einfeldt, S Hommel, D Katona, TM Speck, JS DenBaars, SP Davis, RF TI Mapping misorientation and crystallographic tilt in GaN layers via polychromatic microdiffraction SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS-6) CY AUG 28-SEP 02, 2005 CL Bremen, GERMANY ID CANTILEVER EPITAXY; GALLIUM NITRIDE; WING TILT; PENDEOEPITAXY AB The spatial distribution of strain, dislocations, and crystallographic orientation in uncoalesced and coalesced GaN layers grown on striped Si or SiC substrates was studied by polychromatic X-ray microdiffraction and high resolution monochromatic X-ray diffraction. Tilt boundaries formed at the column/wing interface depending on the growth conditions and geometry of the striped substrate. The measurements revealed that the free-hanging wings are tilted upward at room temperature. A misorientation between the GaN(0001) and the Si(111) or SiC(0001) surface normal is observed. Distinct structural properties of the pendeo and cantilever epitaxially grown samples are discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Bremen, Inst Solid State Phys, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Coll Engn, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Coll Engn, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Barabash, RI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM barabashr@ornl.gov RI Speck, James/H-5646-2011; Davis, Robert/A-9376-2011 OI Davis, Robert/0000-0002-4437-0885 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 243 IS 7 BP 1508 EP 1513 DI 10.1002/pssb.200565442 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 059SJ UT WOS:000238752200020 ER PT J AU Blume-Kohout, R Zurek, WH AF Blume-Kohout, R Zurek, WH TI Quantum Darwinism: Entanglement, branches, and the emergent classicality of redundantly stored quantum information SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID AVERAGE ENTROPY; PAGES CONJECTURE; DECOHERENCE; SUBSYSTEM; EINSELECTION; MECHANICS; COLLAPSE; STATES; PROOF; CODES AB We lay a comprehensive foundation for the study of redundant information storage in decoherence processes. Redundancy has been proposed as a prerequisite for objectivity, the defining property of classical objects. We consider two ensembles of states for a model universe consisting of one system and many environments: the first consisting of arbitrary states, and the second consisting of "singly branching" states consistent with a simple decoherence model. Typical states from the random ensemble do not store information about the system redundantly, but information stored in branching states has a redundancy proportional to the environment's size. We compute the specific redundancy for a wide range of model universes, and fit the results to a simple first-principles theory. Our results show that the presence of redundancy divides information about the system into three parts: classical (redundant); purely quantum; and the borderline, undifferentiated or "nonredundant," information. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Blume-Kohout, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM robin@blumekohout.com; whz@lanl.gov NR 38 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 6 AR 062310 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.73.062310 PG 21 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 058WI UT WOS:000238694900043 ER PT J AU Colgan, J Fontes, CJ Zhang, HL AF Colgan, J Fontes, CJ Zhang, HL TI Inner-shell electron-impact ionization of neutral atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; SUBSTRATE; MODEL AB A study of inner-shell electron-impact ionization of heavy neutral atoms is presented. A relativistic distorted-wave method is used to calculate K-shell ionization of neutral Mn, Fe, Ni, and Cu, and also the L-shell ionization of neutral W. These calculations are compared with measurements made by electron-impact ionization from a thin target of the atomic species in question. Good agreement is found between the calculations and measurements. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Colgan, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Colgan, James/0000-0003-1045-3858 NR 24 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 6 AR 062711 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.73.062711 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 058WI UT WOS:000238694900090 ER PT J AU Damski, B Zurek, WH AF Damski, B Zurek, WH TI Adiabatic-impulse approximation for avoided level crossings: From phase-transition dynamics to Landau-Zener evolutions and back again SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID STRING FORMATION; COSMOLOGICAL EXPERIMENTS; VORTEX FORMATION; SYMMETRY BREAKS; SUPERFLUID HE-3; LIQUID-CRYSTALS; INTERFERENCE; PIECES; QUENCH; MODEL AB We show that a simple approximation based on concepts underlying the Kibble-Zurek theory of second order phase-transition dynamics can be used to treat avoided level crossing problems. The approach discussed in this paper provides an intuitive insight into quantum dynamics of two-level systems, and may serve as a link between the theory of dynamics of classical and quantum phase transitions. To illustrate these ideas we analyze dynamics of a paramagnet-ferromagnet quantum phase transition in the Ising model. We also present exact unpublished solutions of the Landau-Zener-like problems. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Damski, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, MS-B213, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Damski, Bogdan/E-3027-2013 NR 33 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 6 AR 063405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.73.063405 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 058WI UT WOS:000238694900116 ER PT J AU Hertlein, MP Adaniya, H Amini, J Bressler, C Feinberg, B Kaiser, M Neumann, N Prior, MH Belkacem, A AF Hertlein, MP Adaniya, H Amini, J Bressler, C Feinberg, B Kaiser, M Neumann, N Prior, MH Belkacem, A TI Inner-shell ionization of potassium atoms ionized by a femtosecond laser SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID PHOTOIONIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY AB With a femtosecond laser pulse we rapidly ionize potassium atoms (K-0) in the gas phase, generating potassium ions (K+), and monitor the altered energy-level scheme with a subsequent hard x-ray pulse. Removal of the potassium 4s valence electron increases the binding energies of both the valence and the 1s core levels, and induces an ultrafast change of the 1s-4p x-ray transition energy by about 2.8 eV. We simultaneously observe a 50% increase in oscillator strength of K+ over K-0 for that transition. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Spect Ultrarapide, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. JW Goethe Univ, Inst Kernphys, D-60486 Frankfurt, Germany. RP Hertlein, MP (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Bressler, Christian/G-1864-2010 NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 6 AR 062715 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.73.062715 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 058WI UT WOS:000238694900094 ER PT J AU Hudson, ER Ticknor, C Sawyer, BC Taatjes, CA Lewandowski, HJ Bochinski, JR Bohn, JL Ye, J AF Hudson, Eric R. Ticknor, Christopher Sawyer, Brian C. Taatjes, Craig A. Lewandowski, H. J. Bochinski, J. R. Bohn, J. L. Ye, Jun TI Production of cold formaldehyde molecules for study and control of chemical reaction dynamics with hydroxyl radicals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; HYDROGEN-ATOM ABSTRACTION; RATE-CONSTANT; OH; LIFETIMES; ALDEHYDES; STATE; CH2O; GAS AB We propose a method for controlling a class of low temperature chemical reactions. Specifically, we show the hydrogen abstraction channel in the reaction of formaldehyde (H2CO) and the hydroxyl radical (OH) can be controlled through either the molecular state or an external electric field. We also outline experiments for investigating and demonstrating control over this important reaction. To this end, we report the first Stark deceleration of H2CO. We have decelerated a molecular beam of H2CO essentially to rest, producing molecules at 100 mK with a density of similar to 10(6) cm(-3). C1 Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, JILA, VF Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hudson, ER (reprint author), Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM eric.hudson@Colorado.edu; ye@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Ticknor, Christopher/B-8651-2014 NR 42 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 6 AR 063404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.73.063404 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 058WI UT WOS:000238694900115 ER PT J AU Kamenev, DI Berman, GP Tsifrinovich, VI AF Kamenev, D. I. Berman, G. P. Tsifrinovich, V. I. TI Creation of entanglement in a scalable spin quantum computer with long-range dipole-dipole interaction between qubits SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN AB Creation of entanglement is considered theoretically and numerically in an ensemble of spin chains with dipole-dipole interaction between the spins. The unwanted effect of the long-range dipole interaction is compensated by the optimal choice of the parameters of radio-frequency pulses implementing the protocol. The errors caused by (i) the influence of the environment, (ii) nonselective excitations, (iii) influence of different spin chains on each other, (iv) displacements of qubits from their perfect locations, and (v) fluctuations of the external magnetic field are estimated analytically and calculated numerically. For the perfectly entangled state the z component M of the magnetization of the whole system is equal to zero. The errors lead to a finite value of M. If the number of qubits in the system is large, M can be detected experimentally. Using the fact that M depends differently on the parameters of the system for each kind of error, varying these parameters would allow one to experimentally determine the most significant source of errors and to optimize correspondingly the quantum computer design in order to decrease the errors and vertical bar M vertical bar. Using our approach one can benchmark the quantum computer, decrease the errors, and prepare the quantum computer for implementation of more complex quantum algorithms. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T 13, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Polytech Univ, IDS Dept, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Kamenev, DI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T 13, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 6 AR 062336 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.73.062336 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 058WI UT WOS:000238694900069 ER PT J AU Ovchinnikov, SY Macek, J Tuinman, AA Steill, JD Compton, RN Hvelplund, P Holm, AIS Nielsen, SB Nielsen, MB AF Ovchinnikov, SY Macek, J Tuinman, AA Steill, JD Compton, RN Hvelplund, P Holm, AIS Nielsen, SB Nielsen, MB TI Quantum phase interference effects in anion to dianion charge-exchange collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-CAPTURE AB Experimental cross sections for charge exchange between a negative ion (TCNQF(4)(-), perfluorinated tetracyanoquinodimethane anion) and a xenon atom to produce a dianion (TCNQF(4)(2-)) exhibit a delayed threshold and pronounced oscillations as a function of collision energy. These features are explained by a post-collision-interaction theory which includes phase interferences between the two final state surfaces involving the two Xe+ fine structure levels. In support of this interpretation, charge-exchange cross sections between TCNQF(4)(-) and sodium are found to smoothly decline as a function of energy from 5 to 100 keV. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Aarhus, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Univ Copenhagen, Dept Chem, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. RP Ovchinnikov, SY (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Ovchinnikov, Serguei/C-4994-2014; Nielsen, Mogens /G-1542-2014; Brondsted Nielsen, Steen/G-5844-2016 OI Nielsen, Mogens /0000-0001-8377-0788; NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 6 AR 064704 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.73.064704 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 058WI UT WOS:000238694900194 ER PT J AU Pindzola, MS Robicheaux, F Colgan, J AF Pindzola, M. S. Robicheaux, F. Colgan, J. TI Double autoionization of He-(2s(2)2p P-2) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HE AB The double autoionization rate for the He-(2s(2)2p P-2) hollow atom state is calculated using a nonperturbative time-dependent close-coupling method. The nine-dimensional wave function for the three electron atom is expanded in coupled spherical harmonics. The time-dependent Schrodinger equation is then reduced to a set of close-coupled partial differential equations for the three-dimensional radial expansion functions. Relaxation in imaginary time subject to orthogonality constraints yields a 2s(2)2p P-2 hollow atom state with real energy, while propagation in real time yields total and double Auger rates. The total Auger rate is in reasonable agreement with previous saddle-point complex-rotation calculations. The double Auger rate is found to be 10% of the total Auger rate, in keeping with the relatively large double to total ratio found in recent experiments for He-(2s2p(2) P-4). C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pindzola, MS (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 6 AR 062720 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.73.062720 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 058WI UT WOS:000238694900099 ER PT J AU Sacha, K Timmermans, E AF Sacha, Krzysztof Timmermans, Eddy TI Self-localized impurities embedded in a one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate and their quantum fluctuations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING; SOLITONS; STATE AB We consider the self-localization of neutral impurity atoms in a Bose-Einstein condensate in a one-dimensional model. Within the strong coupling approach, we show that the self-localized state exhibits parametric soliton behavior. The corresponding stationary states are analogous to the solitons of nonlinear optics and to the solitonic solutions of the Schrodinger-Newton equation (which appears in models that consider the connection between quantum mechanics and gravitation). In addition, we present a Bogoliubov-de Gennes formalism to describe the quantum fluctuations around the product state of the strong coupling description. Our fluctuation calculations yield the excitation spectrum and reveal considerable corrections to the strong coupling description. The knowledge of the spectrum allows a spectroscopic detection of the impurity self-localization phenomenon. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. RP Sacha, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, T-4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Sacha, Krzysztof/L-3086-2013 OI Sacha, Krzysztof/0000-0001-6463-0659 NR 21 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 6 AR 063604 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.73.063604 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 058WI UT WOS:000238694900130 ER PT J AU Walter, CW Gibson, ND Bilodeau, RC Berrah, N Bozek, JD Ackerman, GD Aguilar, A AF Walter, C. W. Gibson, N. D. Bilodeau, R. C. Berrah, N. Bozek, J. D. Ackerman, G. D. Aguilar, A. TI Shape resonance in K-shell photodetachment from C- SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC NEGATIVE-IONS; ELECTRON-AFFINITY; DYNAMICS; PHOTOIONIZATION; MOLECULES; CARBON; LI AB The core-excited (1s2s(2)2p(4) P-4) negative ion shape resonance of C- near 281.7 eV has been investigated using the merged ion beam-photon beam photodetachment technique on the Advanced Light Source beamline 10.0.1. C+ ions formed by double detachment were detected as a function of photon energy. Higher resolution spectra yield more precise values for the energy and width of the resonance than our previous measurements [N. D. Gibson , Phys. Rev. A 67, 030703(R) (2003)]. The absolute cross section for double detachment from C- following 1s photoexcitation is measured for the first time and the spectrum is compared to previous theoretical calculations. These measurements also provide information on the lowest core-excited state of neutral carbon (1s2s(2)2p(3) S-5). C1 Denison Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Granville, OH 43023 USA. Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Walter, CW (reprint author), Denison Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Granville, OH 43023 USA. RI Bozek, John/E-4689-2010; Bozek, John/E-9260-2010; OI Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238; Bilodeau, Rene/0000-0001-8607-2328 NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 6 AR 062702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.73.062702 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 058WI UT WOS:000238694900081 ER PT J AU Alvarez, G Aliaga, H Sen, C Dagotto, E AF Alvarez, G. Aliaga, H. Sen, C. Dagotto, E. TI Fragility of the A-type AF and CE phases of manganites: Insulator-to-metal transition induced by quenched disorder SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO ALGORITHM; SUPERCONDUCTORS; SEPARATION; STRIPES; CHARGE; ORDER AB Using Monte Carlo simulations and the two e(g)-orbital model for manganites, the stability of the CE and A-type antiferromagnetic insulating states is analyzed when quenched disorder in the superexchange J(AF) between the t(2g) localized spins and in the on-site energies is introduced. At vanishing or small values of the electron-(Jahn-Teller) phonon coupling, the previously hinted "fragility" of these insulating states is studied in detail, focusing on their charge transport properties. This fragility is here found to induce a rapid transition from the insulator to a (poor) metallic state upon the introduction of disorder. A possible qualitative explanation is presented based on the close proximity in energy of ferromagnetic metallic phases, and also on percolative ideas valid at large disorder strength. The scenario is compared with previously discussed insulator-to-metal transitions in other contexts. This particularly severe effect of disorder must be present in other materials as well, in cases involving phases that arise as a compromise between very different tendencies, as it probably occurs with striped states in the cuprates. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Mat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Alvarez, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Mat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 22 AR 224426 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.224426 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 058WW UT WOS:000238696300072 ER PT J AU Aubry, S Hughes, DA AF Aubry, S Hughes, DA TI Reductions in stacking fault widths in fcc crystals: Semiempirical calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; FINITE DISLOCATION ELEMENTS; THIN FOILS; METALS; DEFORMATION; STRENGTH; COPPER; ENERGIES; ALUMINUM; ALLOYS AB Recent molecular dynamics simulations of nanocrystals have illustrated the importance of stacking fault width for mechanical behavior and microstructure. Stacking fault (SF) width is a balance between elastic strain energy and the SF energy. While the latter is a material constant, the former strain energy may vary due to local internal stresses thereby effecting SF width. The presence and intensity of these stresses are functions of dislocation interactions in the crystal. Recent high resolution electron microscopy observations reveal a range of narrow SF widths within grains of different sizes including those less than 10 nm. To understand the reason for the presence of dislocations with small SF widths in metals, we first demonstrate theoretically and numerically with molecular statics simulation, the reductions in SF width due to dislocation stress screening. Different dislocation arrangements are examined including a dislocation wall. Second, the reduction in SF width in a thin film is examined via the introduction of free surfaces. These results reveal a wide variation of SF widths depending on structure and indicate that stress screening is an important mechanism for creating the narrow widths observed experimentally. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Aubry, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 9405,POB 969, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 22 AR 224116 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.224116 PG 15 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 058WW UT WOS:000238696300031 ER PT J AU Averill, FW Painter, GS AF Averill, F. W. Painter, G. S. TI Convergence properties of the Harris density functional and the self-consistent atom fragment approximation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL DEFORMATION DENSITIES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; TIGHT-BINDING; CLUSTER CALCULATIONS; BASIS-SET; SILICA; ENERGY; MODEL; POTENTIALS; ENERGETICS AB Describing materials properties and behavior over increasing scales of dimension and complexity requires an optimal balance of completeness and accuracy in solving the local density equations. In this study, the convergence properties of a set of schemes that aim to achieve increasing accuracy are systematically examined according to the hierarchical approximations upon which they are based. Specifically, the Harris density functional (HDF) and related schemes that express the total energy in terms of atomic densities and limited self-consistency are compared within a single consistent framework. Convergence of the HDF energy relative to input density is first tested by carrying out calculations within the non-self-consistent atom fragment and self-consistent atom fragment (SCAF) approximations and then by supplementing the SCAF density by increasing numbers of partial waves about each atomic site using the self-consistent partial wave (SCPW) method. The construct of the SCPW method, that solves the local density equations with controlled precision according to the number of partial waves in the site density expansions, enables this study. The rapid convergence of structural properties with an increasing number of partial waves on each site, sometimes even with only L=0 partial waves, provides additional justification for HDF-based tight-binding and molecular dynamics methods where the interatomic potentials are obtained from the superposition of atomiclike densities. The convergence of ground state structural properties is demonstrated by application to the set of molecules: carbon monoxide, water, orthosilicic acid (H4SiO4), formamide (HCONH2), iron pentacarbonyl [Fe(CO)(5)], and dimanganese decacarbonyl [Mn-2(CO)(10)]. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Mat Proc, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Painter, GS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM gsp@ornl.gov NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 23 AR 235125 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.235125 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 058WZ UT WOS:000238696600053 ER PT J AU Barros, EB Capaz, RB Jorio, A Samsonidze, GG Souza, AG Ismail-Beigi, S Spataru, CD Louie, SG Dresselhaus, G Dresselhaus, MS AF Barros, Eduardo B. Capaz, Rodrigo B. Jorio, Ado Samsonidze, Georgii G. Souza, Antonio G. Ismail-Beigi, Sohrab Spataru, Catalin D. Louie, Steven G. Dresselhaus, Gene Dresselhaus, Mildred S. TI Selection rules for one- and two-photon absorption by excitons in carbon nanotubes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-SPECTRA; EXCITATIONS AB Recent optical absorption and emission experiments showed that the lower energy optical transitions in carbon nanotubes are excitonic in nature, as predicted by theory. These experiments were based on the symmetry aspects of free electron-hole states and bound excitonic states. The present work shows, however, that group theory does not predict the selection rules needed to explain the two photon experiments. We obtain the symmetries and selection rules for the optical transitions of excitons in single-wall carbon nanotubes within the approach of the group of the wave vector, thus providing important information for the interpretation of theoretical and experimental optical spectra of these materials. C1 Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Fis, BR-60455760 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, BR-21941972 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Inst Nacl Metrol Normalizacao & Qualidade Ind Inm, Div Metrol Mat, BR-25245020 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Fis, BR-30123970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Francis Bitter Magnet Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Barros, EB (reprint author), Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Fis, BR-60455760 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. RI Jorio, Ado/F-2141-2010; Souza, Antonio/D-8978-2011; B, Rodrigo/N-7595-2014; Samsonidze, Georgy/G-3613-2016; UFC, DF/E-1564-2017; Universidade Federal do Ceara, Physics Department/J-4630-2016; BARROS, EDUARDO/A-4555-2013; Ismail-Beigi, Sohrab/F-2382-2014 OI Jorio, Ado/0000-0002-5978-2735; Souza, Antonio/0000-0003-3802-1168; Samsonidze, Georgy/0000-0002-3759-1794; Universidade Federal do Ceara, Physics Department/0000-0002-9247-6780; Barros, Eduardo Bede/0000-0001-9210-9166; Ismail-Beigi, Sohrab/0000-0002-7331-9624 NR 18 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 24 AR 241406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.241406 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 058XC UT WOS:000238696900023 ER PT J AU Bauer, ED Ronning, F Capan, C Graf, MJ Vandervelde, D Yuan, HQ Salamon, MB Mixson, DJ Moreno, NO Brown, SR Thompson, JD Movshovich, R Hundley, MF Sarrao, JL Pagliuso, PG Kauzlarich, SM AF Bauer, E. D. Ronning, F. Capan, C. Graf, M. J. Vandervelde, D. Yuan, H. Q. Salamon, M. B. Mixson, D. J. Moreno, N. O. Brown, S. R. Thompson, J. D. Movshovich, R. Hundley, M. F. Sarrao, J. L. Pagliuso, P. G. Kauzlarich, S. M. TI Thermodynamic and transport investigation of CeCoIn5-xSnx SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERMION SUPERCONDUCTOR CECOIN5; LONDON PENETRATION DEPTH; D-WAVE SUPERCONDUCTORS; UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; IMPURITY SCATTERING; PAIRING SYMMETRY; ELECTRON; FIELD; CEIRIN5; MAGNETISM AB Measurements of specific heat, magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity, and penetration depth have been performed on CeCoIn5-xSnx (0 <= x <= 0.24) single crystals. The suppression of superconductivity and the decrease of the specific heat jump at T-c, Delta C/T-c, with increasing Sn concentration, and the power-law temperature dependence of penetration depth are consistent with impurity scattering calculated within the Abrikosov-Gorkov formalism indicating d-wave superconductivity in CeCoIn5-xSnx. The non-Fermi liquid behavior [C/T similar to-ln T and rho(T)similar to T] observed in the normal state in zero magnetic field is quite robust against Sn substitution (and a variety of other tuning parameters), suggesting quantum criticality involving itinerant f-electrons in this system. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Cidade Univ, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. RP Bauer, ED (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70802 USA. RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Kauzlarich, Susan/H-1439-2011; Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012; Moreno, Nelson/H-1708-2012; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 OI Ronning, Filip/0000-0002-2679-7957; Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937; Moreno, Nelson/0000-0002-1672-4340; NR 52 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 24 AR 245109 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.245109 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 058XC UT WOS:000238696900033 ER PT J AU Chubukov, AV Tsvelik, AM AF Chubukov, AV Tsvelik, AM TI Self-energy of a nodal fermion in a d-wave superconductor SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING RATES; QUASI-PARTICLES; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; STATE AB We reconsider the self-energy of a nodal (Dirac) fermion in a two-dimensional d-wave superconductor. A conventional belief is that Im Sigma(omega,T)similar to max(omega(3),T-3). We show that Sigma(omega,k,T) for k along the nodal direction is actually a complex function of omega,T, and the deviation from the mass shell. In particular, the second-order self-energy diverges at a finite T when either omega or k-k(F) vanish. We show that the full summation of infinite diagrammatic series recovers a finite result for Sigma, but the full angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy spectral function is nonmonotonic and has a kink whose location compared to the mass shell differs qualitatively for spin-and charge-mediated interactions. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chubukov, AV (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 22 AR 220503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.220503 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 058WW UT WOS:000238696300012 ER PT J AU Clem, JR AF Clem, JR TI Electron-beam-induced shift in the apparent position of a pinned vortex in a thin superconducting film SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HALL PROBE MICROSCOPY; MAGNETIC FORCE MICROSCOPY; FREQUENCY FLUX NOISE; JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS; VORTICES; LATTICES AB When an electron beam strikes a superconducting thin film near a pinned vortex, it locally increases the temperature-dependent London penetration depth and perturbs the circulating supercurrent, thereby distorting the vortex's magnetic field toward the heated spot. This phenomenon has been used to visualize vortices pinned in superconducting quantum interference devices using low-temperature scanning electron microscopy. In this paper I develop a quantitative theory to calculate the displacement of the vortex-generated magnetic-flux distribution as a function of the distance of the beam spot from the vortex core. The results are calculated using four different models for the spatial distribution of the thermal power deposited by the electron beam. C1 Iowa State Univ, DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Clem, JR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 21 AR 214529 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.214529 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 058WV UT WOS:000238696200141 ER PT J AU Dalpian, GM Wei, SH AF Dalpian, Gustavo M. Wei, Su-Huai TI Electron-mediated ferromagnetism and negative s-d exchange splitting in semiconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID II-VI; MODEL; ENERGY AB Several approaches are proposed to enhance the spin splitting at the conduction band edge and consequently induce free-electron-mediated stabilization of ferromagnetic semiconductors. We show that kinetic s-d coupling can be introduced through chemical ordering and/or strain. We find that quantum confinement has a large effect on the spin splitting at the conduction band edge. It can effectively reverse the sign of the conduction band splitting, thus, shedding light on the recent puzzling experimental observation that s-d exchange splitting is negative in semiconductor superlattices. Finally, we show that, using rare-earth elements as magnetic dopants, the symmetry-allowed s-f coupling can lead to a large splitting at the conduction band edge. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Dalpian, GM (reprint author), Univ Texas, ICES, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RI Dalpian, Gustavo/B-9746-2008 OI Dalpian, Gustavo/0000-0001-5561-354X NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 24 AR 245204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.245204 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 058XC UT WOS:000238696900048 ER PT J AU Dobrovitski, VV Taylor, JM Lukin, MD AF Dobrovitski, V. V. Taylor, J. M. Lukin, M. D. TI Long-lived memory for electronic spin in a quantum dot: Numerical analysis SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATION; NMR AB Techniques for coherent control of electron spin-nuclear spin interactions in quantum dots can be directly applied in spintronics and in quantum information processing. In this work we study numerically the interaction of electron and nuclear spins in the context of storing the spin state of an electron in a collective state of nuclear spins. We take into account the errors inherent in a realistic system: the incomplete polarization of the bath of nuclear spins and the different hyperfine interactions between the electron and individual nuclei in the quantum dot. Although these imperfections deteriorate the fidelity of the quantum information retrieval, we find reasonable fidelities are achievable for modest bath polarizations. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Dobrovitski, VV (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594 NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 24 AR 245318 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.245318 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 058XC UT WOS:000238696900079 ER PT J AU Erdin, S AF Erdin, S TI Vortex chain states in a ferromagnet/superconductor bilayer SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FILM AB The discrete vortex lattices in a ferromagnet/superconductor bilayer are studied when the ferromagnet has periodic stripe domains with an out-of-plane magnetization. The vortices are assumed to be situated periodically on chains in the stripe domains. Only up to two vortex chains per domain configurations are considered. When the domain period is fixed, the threshold magnetization is calculated at which the transition from the Meissner state to the mixed state occurs. When the domain period is not fixed, the equilibrium domain size and vortex positions are calculated, depending on the domain's magnetization and the domain wall energy. In equilibrium, the vortices in the neighbor domains are halfway shifted, while they are next to each other in the same domain. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Erdin, S (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RI Erdin, Serkan/B-4988-2008 OI Erdin, Serkan/0000-0001-6587-2625 NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 22 AR 224506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevV.73.224506 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 058WW UT WOS:000238696300097 ER PT J AU Freeman, AA Edmonds, KW van der Laan, G Farley, NRS Johal, TK Arenholz, E Campion, RP Foxon, CT Gallagher, BL AF Freeman, A. A. Edmonds, K. W. van der Laan, G. Farley, N. R. S. Johal, T. K. Arenholz, E. Campion, R. P. Foxon, C. T. Gallagher, B. L. TI Giant anisotropy in x-ray magnetic linear dichroism in (Ga,Mn)As SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; TRANSITION; PROBE; FILMS AB Hugely anisotropic Mn L-2,L-3 x-ray magnetic linear dichroism (XMLD) is reported for the ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As. The sign, magnitude, and line shape of the dichroism changes with azimuthal rotation of the samples between the in-plane < 110 > and < 100 > directions. The strong anisotropy is confirmed by multiplet calculations for a Mn 3d(5) configuration where charge anisotropy and magnetocrystalline anisotropy are absent. This allows a precise determination of the Mn 3d crystal-field splitting, and establishes the anisotropy in the XMLD as a general feature for localized moment systems with crystal-field symmetry. C1 Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. Daresbury Lab, CCLRC, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Freeman, AA (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. RI van der Laan, Gerrit/Q-1662-2015; Gallagher, Bryan/B-8116-2013; OI van der Laan, Gerrit/0000-0001-6852-2495; Edmonds, Kevin/0000-0002-9793-4170; Gallagher, Bryan/0000-0001-8310-0899; Campion, Richard/0000-0001-8990-8987 NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 23 AR 233303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.233303 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 058WZ UT WOS:000238696600010 ER PT J AU Fritsch, V Thompson, JD Bobev, S Sarrao, JL AF Fritsch, V Thompson, JD Bobev, S Sarrao, JL TI Valence transition in YbInCu4: Systematic studies of magnetic and transport properties of YbIn1-xCdxCu4 and YbIn1-xRhxCu4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITION; PRESSURE; YBXIN1-XCU2; FIELD AB We present systematic studies of the magnetic and transport properties of the two series YbIn1-xCdxCu4 and YbIn1-xRhxCu4. Their common parent-compound YbInCu4 is well known for its first-order valence transition from a magnetic high-temperature into a nonmagnetic low-temperature state. In light of present data as well as results from earlier studies of RInCu4 (R=Gd-Tm) [V. Fritsch , Phys. Rev. B 71, 132401 (2005)], we suggest that geometrical frustration might be a driving factor for the valence transition in YbInCu4. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Phys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Delaware, Dept Chem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Fritsch, V (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Fritsch, Veronika/P-1352-2016 OI Fritsch, Veronika/0000-0002-6620-4554 NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 21 AR 214448 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.214448 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 058WV UT WOS:000238696200112 ER PT J AU Fujimori, S Fujimori, A Shimada, K Narimura, T Kobayashi, K Namatame, H Taniguchi, M Harima, H Shishido, H Ikeda, S Aoki, D Tokiwa, Y Haga, Y Onuki, Y AF Fujimori, Shin-ichi Fujimori, Atsushi Shimada, Kenya Narimura, Takamasa Kobayashi, Kenichi Namatame, Hirofumi Taniguchi, Masaki Harima, Hisatomo Shishido, Hiroaki Ikeda, Shugo Aoki, Dai Tokiwa, Yoshifumi Haga, Yoshinori Onuki, Yoshichika TI Direct observation of a quasiparticle band in CeIrIn5: An angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SYSTEMS AB We have performed a high-resolution angle-resolved Ce 4d-4f resonant photoemission experiment on the heavy fermion superconductor CeIrIn5. We have observed a quasiparticle band, which has an energy dispersion of similar to 30 meV in the Ce 4f on-resonance spectra. The result suggests that although the 4f spectra are dominated by the localized and/or correlated character, the small itinerant component is responsible for the superconductivity in this compound. C1 Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Synchrotron Radiat Res Unit, SPring 8, Sayo, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Complex Sci & Engn, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778561, Japan. Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiat Ctr, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7390046, Japan. Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. Kobe Univ, Dept Phys, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Mat Res Inst, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fujimori, S (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Synchrotron Radiat Res Unit, SPring 8, Sayo, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. RI Aoki, Dai/K-3673-2012; Tokiwa, Yoshifumi/P-6593-2015; Shimada, Kenya/G-5080-2016 OI Aoki, Dai/0000-0003-2334-8360; Tokiwa, Yoshifumi/0000-0002-6294-7879; Shimada, Kenya/0000-0002-1945-2352 NR 23 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 22 AR 224517 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.224517 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 058WW UT WOS:000238696300108 ER PT J AU Furis, M Htoon, H Petruska, MA Klimov, VI Barrick, T Crooker, SA AF Furis, M. Htoon, H. Petruska, M. A. Klimov, V. I. Barrick, T. Crooker, S. A. TI Bright-exciton fine structure and anisotropic exchange in CdSe nanocrystal quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR NANOSTRUCTURES; DARK-EXCITON; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SUPERLATTICES; SPECTROSCOPY; RELAXATION; ELECTRON; COHERENT; WELLS AB We report on polarization-resolved resonant photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy of bright (spin +/- 1) and dark (spin +/- 2) excitons in colloidal CdSe nanocrystal quantum dots. Using high magnetic fields to 33 T, we resonantly excite (and selectively analyze PL from) spin-up or spin-down excitons. At low temperatures (< 4 K) and above similar to 10 T, the spectra develop a narrow, circularly polarized peak due to spin-flipped bright excitons. Its evolution with magnetic field directly reveals a large (1-2 meV), intrinsic fine-structure splitting of bright excitons, due to anisotropic exchange. These findings are supported by time-resolved PL studies and polarization-resolved PL from single nanocrystals. C1 Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Furis, M (reprint author), Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM crooker@lanl.gov RI Furis, Madalina/F-8090-2015; OI Furis, Madalina/0000-0001-9007-5492; Klimov, Victor/0000-0003-1158-3179; Htoon, Han/0000-0003-3696-2896 NR 37 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 24 AR 241313 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.241313 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 058XC UT WOS:000238696900014 ER PT J AU Hashizume, H Ishiji, K Lang, JC Haskel, D Srajer, G Minar, J Ebert, H AF Hashizume, H Ishiji, K Lang, JC Haskel, D Srajer, G Minar, J Ebert, H TI Observation of x-ray magnetic circular dichroism at the RuK edge in Co-Ru alloys SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METALS; RH ALLOYS; 4D; FERROMAGNETISM; MULTILAYERS; SANDWICHES; OVERLAYERS; PD; SYSTEMS; FE(100) AB X-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectra have been measured from dilute Ru alloys of Co at the Ru K edge, evidencing the induced magnetization on Ru in contact with ferromagnetic Co. This was made possible using circularly polarized probing beams of approximately 22 keV in energy obtained from a germanium Laue-reflection phase retarder at a synchrotron source. The Ru dichroism is quite small with a main peak of -3x10(-4) in flipping ratio at about 6 eV above the K absorption edge. The spectrum has a very similar profile to the one of the Co K-edge dichroism. Ab initio calculations indicate that the Ru dichroism is generated by the p-orbital magnetic moment on the core-hole site, which is induced through the p-d hybridization between Co and Ru. C1 KEK, Photon Factory, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Munich, Dept Chem & Biochem, D-81377 Munich, Germany. RP Hashizume, H (reprint author), KEK, Photon Factory, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. EM hhashizu@mbg.ocn.ne.jp RI Minar, Jan/E-9598-2012; Minar, Jan/O-3186-2013 OI Minar, Jan/0000-0001-9735-8479; Minar, Jan/0000-0001-9735-8479 NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 22 AR 224416 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.224416 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 058WW UT WOS:000238696300062 ER PT J AU Heuer, M Buonassisi, T Marcus, MA Istratov, AA Pickett, MD Shibata, T Weber, ER AF Heuer, Matthias Buonassisi, Tonio Marcus, Matthew A. Istratov, Andrei A. Pickett, Matthew D. Shibata, Tomohiro Weber, Eicke R. TI Complex intermetallic phase in multicrystalline silicon doped with transition metals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY MICROPROBE; SOLAR-CELLS; CRYSTALLINE SILICON; RECOMBINATION ACTIVITY; IMPURITY; COPPER; DEFECT; IRON AB We report the observation of an alloy phase with fluorite-type structure containing Ni, Fe, Cu, and Si, found as precipitates in multicrystalline silicon. The analysis of extended x-ray absorption fine-structure microspectroscopy (mu-EXAFS) measurements on the K edges of the transition metals of the precipitates and a synthetic reference material with composition of Ni(0.82)Fe(0.21)Cu(0.02)Si(1.94) support a structure model similar to NiSi(2) but with mixed occupancies of Fe on the Ni site and Cu on the Si site. This observation provides evidence that transition metals interact during precipitation within silicon and form complex silicides. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. IIT, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Heuer, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Buonassisi, Tonio/J-2723-2012; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 NR 22 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 23 AR 235204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.235204 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 058WZ UT WOS:000238696600058 ER PT J AU Heyderman, LJ Nolting, F Backes, D Czekaj, S Lopez-Diaz, L Klaui, M Rudiger, U Vaz, CAF Bland, JAC Matelon, RJ Volkmann, UG Fischer, P AF Heyderman, LJ Nolting, F Backes, D Czekaj, S Lopez-Diaz, L Klaui, M Rudiger, U Vaz, CAF Bland, JAC Matelon, RJ Volkmann, UG Fischer, P TI Magnetization reversal in cobalt antidot arrays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHOTOEMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; PHOTOELECTRON MICROSCOPY; PERMALLOY ARRAYS; FILMS; FABRICATION; ANISOTROPY; STORAGE AB We have carried out a detailed study of the magnetic switching in square lattice cobalt antidot arrays with periods ranging from 2 mu m down to 200 nm (antidot size=antidot separation). Magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements show first a small change in the magnetization due to a reversible rotation of the magnetic spins in the antidot rows, followed by a large change due to reversal of the antidot array columns parallel to the applied field. Employing x-ray photoemission electron microscopy and transmission x-ray microscopy, the latter irreversible process was observed as a nucleation and propagation of discrete domain chains. The propagating chain ends are blocked by perpendicular chains present in the antidot rows via various mechanisms revealed by micromagnetic simulations. C1 Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Univ Konstanz, Fac Phys, D-7750 Constance, Germany. Univ Salamanca, Dept Fis Aplicada, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain. Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Santiago, Chile. CXRO, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Heyderman, LJ (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. EM laura.heyderman@psi.ch RI Fischer, Peter/A-3020-2010; Vaz, Carlos/A-7240-2012; MSD, Nanomag/F-6438-2012; Backes, Dirk/K-3570-2012; Klaui, Mathias/B-6972-2009; Volkmann, Ulrich/H-1802-2014; Heyderman, Laura/E-7959-2015 OI Fischer, Peter/0000-0002-9824-9343; Vaz, Carlos/0000-0002-6209-8918; Backes, Dirk/0000-0002-1019-3323; Klaui, Mathias/0000-0002-4848-2569; NR 31 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 21 AR 214429 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.214429 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 058WV UT WOS:000238696200093 ER PT J AU Hohenadler, M Wellein, G Bishop, AR Alvermann, A Fehske, H AF Hohenadler, M. Wellein, G. Bishop, A. R. Alvermann, A. Fehske, H. TI Spectral signatures of the Luttinger liquid to the charge-density-wave transition SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DIMENSIONAL HOLSTEIN MODEL; SPINLESS FERMIONS AB Electron- and phonon spectral functions of the one-dimensional, spinless-fermion Holstein model at half filling are calculated in the four distinct regimes of the phase diagram, corresponding to an attractive or repulsive Luttinger liquid at weak electron-phonon coupling, and a band- or polaronic insulator at strong coupling. The results obtained by means of kernel polynomial and systematic cluster approaches reveal substantially different physics in these regimes and further indicate that the size of the phonon frequency significantly affects the nature of the quantum Peierls phase transition, the latter being either of the soft-mode or central-peak type. The generic features observed are relevant to several classes of low-dimensional materials. C1 Graz Univ Technol, Inst Theoret & Computat Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Comp Ctr, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Greifswald, Inst Phys, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany. RP Hohenadler, M (reprint author), Graz Univ Technol, Inst Theoret & Computat Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. EM hohenadler@itp.tu-graz.ac.at RI Hohenadler, Martin/A-6056-2012 NR 27 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 24 AR 245120 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.245120 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 058XC UT WOS:000238696900044 ER PT J AU Kasinathan, D Kyker, AB Singh, DJ AF Kasinathan, Deepa Kyker, A. B. Singh, D. J. TI Origin of ferromagnetism in Cs2AgF4: The importance of Ag-F covalency SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOTT TRANSITION; SUPERCONDUCTORS; CA2-XSR(X)RUO4; SILVER; SYSTEM AB The magnetic nature of Cs2AgF4, an isoelectronic and isostructural analogue of La2CuO4, is analyzed using density functional calculations. The ground state is found to be ferromagnetic and nearly half metallic. We find strong hybridization of Ag-d and F-p states. Substantial moments reside on the F atoms, which is unusual for the halides and reflects the chemistry of the Ag(II) ions in this compound. This provides the mechanism for ferromagnetism, which we find to be itinerant in character, a result of a Stoner instability enhanced by Hund's coupling on the fluorine ions. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kasinathan, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012; Kasinathan, Deepa/M-8825-2015 OI Kasinathan, Deepa/0000-0002-9063-6867 NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 21 AR 214420 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.214420 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 058WV UT WOS:000238696200084 ER PT J AU Katsura, H Balatsky, AV Nussinov, Z Nagaosa, N AF Katsura, H Balatsky, AV Nussinov, Z Nagaosa, N TI Voltage dependence of Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert damping of spin in a current-driven tunnel junction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RELAXATION; FIELD AB We present a theory of Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert damping alpha for a localized spin S in the junction coupled to the conduction electrons in both leads under an applied voltage V. We find the voltage dependence of the damping term reflecting the energy dependence of the density of states. This effect is linear in the voltage and controlled by particle-hole asymmetry of the leads. C1 Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63160 USA. AIST Tsukuba Cent 4, CERC, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050012, Japan. RP Katsura, H (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. EM katsura@appi.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp; avb@lanl.gov; zohar@wuphys.wustl.edu RI Nagaosa, Naoto/G-7057-2012 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 21 AR 212501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.73.212501 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 058WV UT WOS:000238696200027 ER PT J AU Kim, YH Tahir-Kheli, J Schultz, PA Goddard, WA AF Kim, Yong-Hoon Tahir-Kheli, Jamil Schultz, Peter A. Goddard, William A., III TI First-principles approach to the charge-transport characteristics of monolayer molecular-electronics devices: Application to hexanedithiolate devices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; METAL WORK FUNCTION; CONTACT RESISTANCE; JUNCTIONS; WIRES; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; APPROXIMATION; CONDUCTANCE; AU(111); SAMS AB We report on the development of an accurate first-principles computational scheme for the charge transport characteristics of molecular monolayer junctions and its application to hexanedithiolate (C6DT) devices. Starting from the Gaussian basis set density-functional calculations of a junction model in the slab geometry and corresponding two bulk electrodes, we obtain the transmission function using the matrix Green's function method and analyze the nature of transmission channels via atomic projected density of states. Within the developed formalism, by treating isolated molecules with the supercell approach, we can investigate the current-voltage characteristics of single and parallel molecular wires in a consistent manner. For the case of single C6DT molecules stretched between Au(111) electrodes, we obtain reasonable quantitative agreement of computed conductance with a recent scanning tunneling microscope experiment result. Comparing the charge transport properties of C6DT single molecules and their monolayer counterparts in the stretched and tilted geometries, we find that the effect of intermolecular coupling and molecule tilting on the charge transport characteristics is negligible in these devices. We contrast this behavior to that of the pi-conjugated biphenyldithiolate devices we have previously considered and discuss the relative importance of molecular cores and molecule-electrode contacts for the charge transport in those devices. C1 Korea Inst Adv Study, Seoul 130722, South Korea. CALTECH, Mat & Proc Simulat Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Multiscale Computat Mat Methods Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kim, YH (reprint author), Korea Inst Adv Study, 207-43 Cheongnyangni 2 Dong, Seoul 130722, South Korea. EM yhkim@kias.re.kr; wag@wag.caltech.edu RI Kim, Yong-Hoon/A-3909-2010 OI Kim, Yong-Hoon/0000-0001-5209-4908 NR 46 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 23 AR 235419 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.235419 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 058WZ UT WOS:000238696600141 ER PT J AU Kimura, T Lashley, JC Ramirez, AP AF Kimura, T. Lashley, J. C. Ramirez, A. P. TI Inversion-symmetry breaking in the noncollinear magnetic phase of the triangular-lattice antiferromagnet CuFeO2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SCREW SPIN STRUCTURE; SUPEREXCHANGE INTERACTION AB Magnetoelectric and magnetoelastic phenomena have been investigated on a frustrated triangular antiferromagnetic lattice in CuFeO2. Inversion-symmetry breaking, manifested as a finite electric polarization, was observed in noncollinear (helical) magnetic phases and not in collinear magnetic phases. This result demonstrates that the noncollinear spin structure plays an important role in inducing electric polarization. Based on these results we suggest that frustrated magnets (often favoring noncollinear configurations) are favorable candidates for a new class of magnetoelectric materials. C1 Los Alamos Natl Labs, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Kimura, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Labs, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 27 TC 307 Z9 308 U1 14 U2 93 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 22 AR 220401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.220401 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 058WW UT WOS:000238696300003 ER PT J AU Kolesnik, S Dabrowski, B Mais, J Majjiga, M Chmaissem, O Baszczuk, A Jorgensen, JD AF Kolesnik, S Dabrowski, B Mais, J Majjiga, M Chmaissem, O Baszczuk, A Jorgensen, JD TI Tuning of magnetic and electronic states by control of oxygen content in lanthanum strontium cobaltites SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; PEROVSKITE-TYPE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; LN; LA1-XSRXCOO3-DELTA; TRANSITION; MEMBRANES; COMPLEX; OXIDES; DY3+ AB We report on the magnetic, resistive, and structural studies of perovskite La1/3Sr2/3CoO3-delta. By using the relation of synthesis temperature and oxygen partial pressure to oxygen stoichiometry obtained from thermogravimetric analysis, we have synthesized a series of samples with precisely controlled delta=0.00-0.49. These samples show three structural phases at delta=0.00-0.15, approximate to 0.25, approximate to 0.5, and two-phase behavior for other oxygen contents. The stoichiometric material with delta=0.00 is a cubic ferromagnetic metal with the Curie temperature T-C=274 K. The increase of delta to 0.15 is followed by a linear decrease of T-C to approximate to 160 K and a metal-insulator transition near the boundary of the cubic structure range. A further increase of delta results in the formation of a tetragonal 2a(p)x2a(p)x4a(p) phase for delta approximate to 0.25 and a brownmillerite phase for delta approximate to 0.5. At low temperatures, these are weak ferromagnetic insulators (canted antiferromagnets) with magnetic transitions at T-m approximate to 230 and 120 K, respectively. At higher temperatures, the 2a(p)x2a(p)x4a(p) phase is G-type antiferromagnetic between 230 K and approximate to 360 K. Low temperature magnetic properties of this system for delta < 1/3 can be described in terms of a mixture of Co3+ ions in the low-spin state and Co4+ ions in the intermediate-spin state and a possible spin transition of Co3+ to the intermediate-spin state above T-C. For delta>1/3, there appears to be a combination of Co2+ and Co3+ ions, both in the high-spin state with dominating antiferromagnetic interactions. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Polish Acad Sci, W Trzebiatowski Inst Low Temp & Struct Res, PL-50950 Wroclaw, Poland. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kolesnik, S (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. OI Baszczuk, Agnieszka/0000-0001-5476-352X NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 21 AR 214440 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.214440 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 058WV UT WOS:000238696200104 ER PT J AU Li, YH Gong, XG Wei, SH AF Li, Yong-Hua Gong, X. G. Wei, Su-Huai TI Ab initio all-electron calculation of absolute volume deformation potentials of IV-IV, III-V, and II-VI semiconductors: The chemical trends SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FUNDAMENTAL-BAND GAP; OFFSETS; ENERGY; STRAIN; MODEL; GAAS; DOTS; INN; SI AB We calculate systematically the absolute volume deformation potential (AVDP) of the Gamma(8v) valence band maximum (VBM) and the Gamma(6c) conduction band minimum (CBM) states for all group IV, III-V, and II-VI semiconductors. Unlike previous calculations that involve various assumptions, the AVDPs are calculated using a recently developed approach that is independent of the selection of the reference energy levels. We find that although the volume deformation potentials of the CBM state are usually large and always negative, those of the VBM state are usually small and always positive. The AVDP of the VBM state decreases as the p-d coupling increases, e.g., in the II-VI compounds. The AVDP of CBM decreases as the ionicity increases. Our calculated chemical trends of the AVDPs are explained in terms of the atomic orbital energy levels and coupling between these orbitals. C1 Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Li, YH (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. RI gong, xingao /B-1337-2010; gong, xingao/D-6532-2011 NR 34 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2006 VL 73 IS 24 AR 245206 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.245206 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 058XC UT WOS:000238696900050 ER EF