FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Patterson, BM Havrilla, GJ AF Patterson, BM Havrilla, GJ TI Integrating X-ray fluorescence and infrared imaging microspectroscopies for comprehensive characterization of an acetaminophen model pharmaceutical SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE X-ray fluorescence; infrared; microspectroscopy; pharmaceutical; chemometrics; imaging ID DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; SPECTROSCOPY; FORMULATION; MICROSCOPY; BONE; FINGERPRINTS; MIXTURES; DEPOSITS; TISSUE; TABLET AB The integration of full spectral images using the complementary microspectroscopic imaging techniques X-ray fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared is demonstrated. This effort surpasses previous work in that a single chemometric software package is used to elicit chemical information from the integrated spectroscopic images. Integrating these two complementary spectroscopic methods provides both elemental and molecular spatial distribution within a specimen. The critical aspect in this work is using full spectral maps from each pixel within the image and subsequent processing with chemometric tools to provide integrated chemical information. This integration enables a powerful approach to more comprehensive materials characterization. Issues addressed include sample registration and beam penetration depth and how each affects post - processing. An inorganic salt and an acetaminophen pharmaceutical model mixture demonstrate the pond er of integrating these techniques with chemometric software. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Havrilla, GJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM havrilla@lanl.gov OI Patterson, Brian/0000-0001-9244-7376 NR 40 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 8 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 60 IS 5 BP 471 EP 478 DI 10.1366/000370206777412158 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 045LT UT WOS:000237744300002 PM 16756696 ER PT J AU White, PS Chiarucci, A Collins, B Diaz, S AF White, Peter S. Chiarucci, Alessandro Collins, Beverly Diaz, Sandra TI Disturbance, seeds, restoration, and the importance of experiments and long-term observations: the Editors' Award for 2005 SO APPLIED VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID VEGETATION AB Disturbance ecology has become an integral part of vegetation science over the past 25 years. Understanding human disturbances and human effects on natural disturbance regimes is a key to establishing restoration goals and initiating restoration projects. However, as this literature has developed, the picture has become both more interesting and more complex: Disturbances interact; each disturbance leaves behind a patch work of effects; and particular disturbances have different effects in different seasons and from one year to another. In addition, different species respond differently to the same disturbance. We are left with questions such as: Can we predict vegetation response to fire in restoration projects? Clearly, we must understand the mechanisms of species response to disturbance in order to answer these questions and achieve a predictive science. The Editor's Award for 2005 goes to a paper that treats interactions of fire and mowing in a long-term experiment: "Long-term composition responses of a South African mesic grassland to burning and mowing" by Fynn, Morris & Edwards (2005). The authors report on the 50+ year Ukulinga burning and mowing experiment at the research farm of the University of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. This experiment, initiated in 1950, is remarkable: three replicates in a randomized split-plot, full-factorial design with four whole-plot and I I subplot treatments. Mowing treatments included none to early season, late season, and early-plus-late season. Fire treatments were none, annual, biennial, and triannual in winter, spring or autumn. In sum, plot disturbance ranged from protection over 50 years to twice summer mowing plus mowing or fire in the dormant season each year. The authors found that grasses responded to type of disturbance and fire frequency, but forbs were less sensitive to disturbance type. The disturbance combinations controlled vegetation structure and composition, with some combinations producing a short-grass community and others a tall-grass community. Tillering strategy (below or above ground) for grasses and habit (erect or creeping) for forbs explained many responses and are a means to predict differing responses of grasses and herbs and different responses of species within each group to disturbance combinations. The conclusion of the study suggests that the highest diversity and greatest number of species (as well as benefits for wildlife species) can be achieved by applying results at the landscape scale to create patches of diverse structures from simple combinations of disturbance type and season. The authors also found transient responses and compensatory changes among species, thus demonstrating the importance of long-term and experimental research. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Siena, Dipartimento Sci Ambientali G Sarfatti, I-53100 Siena, Italy. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Nacl Cordoba, Inst Multidisciplinario Biol Vegetal, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. RP White, PS (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM peter.white@unc.edu RI Chiarucci, Alessandro/D-2622-2009 OI Chiarucci, Alessandro/0000-0003-1160-235X NR 5 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB PI GRANGARDE PA GAMLA VAGEN 40, S-770 13 GRANGARDE, SWEDEN SN 1402-2001 J9 APPL VEG SCI JI Appl. Veg. Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 9 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1658/1402-2001(2006)9[1:DSRATI]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 109FE UT WOS:000242292500001 ER PT J AU Bielicki, JK Vedhachalam, C Narayanaswami, V Neto, N Phillips, MC Lund-Katz, S AF Bielicki, JK Vedhachalam, C Narayanaswami, V Neto, N Phillips, MC Lund-Katz, S TI The C-terminal domain of apolipoproteinE mediates cellular cholesterol efflux and HDL assembly via the ATP binding cassette transporter A1 SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Annual Conference on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology CY APR 27-29, 2006 CL Denver, CO C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Childrens Hosp, Oakland Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 26 IS 5 BP E54 EP E54 PG 1 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 034PF UT WOS:000236942400101 ER PT J AU Roth, K Westphalen, D Brodrick, J AF Roth, K Westphalen, D Brodrick, J TI Residential central AC fault detection & diagnostics SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 TIAX, HVAC & Refrigerat Technol Sector, Cambridge, MA USA. US DOE, Bldg Technol Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Roth, K (reprint author), TIAX, HVAC & Refrigerat Technol Sector, Cambridge, MA USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 48 IS 5 BP 96 EP 97 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 044GX UT WOS:000237661500016 ER PT J AU Helfand, DJ Becker, RH White, RL Fallon, A Tuttle, S AF Helfand, DJ Becker, RH White, RL Fallon, A Tuttle, S TI Magpis: A Multi-Array Galactic Plane Imaging Survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE catalogs; Galaxy : general; HII regions; radio continuum : ISM; supernova remnants; surveys ID COMPACT RADIO-SOURCES; HII-REGIONS; SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; 1ST SURVEY; MILKY-WAY; CATALOG; STARS; 3C-58; SKY AB We present the Multi-Array Galactic Plane Imaging Survey (MAGPIS), which maps portions of the first Galactic quadrant with an angular resolution, sensitivity, and dynamic range that surpass existing radio images of the Milky Way by more than an order of magnitude. The source detection threshold at 20 cm is in the range 1 - 2 mJy over the 85% of the survey region (5 degrees < l < 32 degrees, vertical bar b vertical bar < 0 degrees.8) not covered by bright extended emission; the angular resolution is similar to 6". We catalog over 3000 discrete sources ( diameters mostly < 30") and present an atlas of similar to 400 diffuse emission regions. New and archival data at 90 cm for the whole survey area are also presented. Comparison of our catalogs and images with the Midcourse Space Experiment mid-infrared data allows us to provide preliminary discrimination between thermal and nonthermal sources. We identify 49 high-probability supernova remnant candidates, increasing by a factor of 7 the number of known remnants with diameters smaller than 50 in the survey region; several are pulsar wind nebula candidates and/or very small diameter remnants (D < 45"). We report the tentative identification of several hundred H (II) regions based on a comparison with the mid-IR data; they range in size from unresolved ultracompact sources to large complexes of diffuse emission on scales of half a degree. In several of the latter regions, cospatial nonthermal emission illustrates the interplay between stellar death and birth. We comment briefly on plans for follow-up observations and our extension of the survey; when complemented by data from ongoing X-ray and mid-IR observations, we expect MAGPIS to provide an important contribution to our understanding of the birth and death of massive stars in the Milky Way. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94563 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Helfand, DJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, 1328 Pupin Hall,550 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 29 TC 147 Z9 147 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 131 IS 5 BP 2525 EP 2537 DI 10.1086/503253 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 037KY UT WOS:000237146900014 ER PT J AU Hauschildt, PH Baron, E AF Hauschildt, PH Baron, E TI A 3D radiative transfer framework I. Non-local operator splitting and continuum scattering problems SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radiative transfer ID SPHERICALLY SYMMETRIC FLOWS; LINE FORMATION; MULTILEVEL ATOMS; ACCRETION DISKS; STAR ENVELOPES; EQUATION; SCHEME; PERTURBATION AB We describe a highly flexible framework to solve 3D radiation transfer problems in scattering dominated environments based on a long characteristics piece-wise parabolic formal solution and an operator splitting method. We find that the linear systems are efficiently solved with iterative solvers such as Gauss-Seidel and Jordan techniques. We use a sphere-in-a-box test model to compare the 3D results to 1D solutions in order to assess the accuracy of the method. We have implemented the method for static media, however, it can be used to solve problems in the Eulerian-frame for media with low velocity fields. C1 Hamburger Sternwarte, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, CRD, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hauschildt, PH (reprint author), Hamburger Sternwarte, Gojenbergsweg 112, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. EM yeti@hs.uni-hamburg.de; baron@nhn.ou.edu RI Baron, Edward/A-9041-2009 OI Baron, Edward/0000-0001-5393-1608 NR 31 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 451 IS 1 BP 273 EP 284 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20053846 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 036TB UT WOS:000237097200027 ER PT J AU Strazzullo, V Rosati, P Stanford, SA Lidman, C Nonino, M Demarco, R Eisenhardt, PE Ettori, S Mainieri, V Toft, S AF Strazzullo, V Rosati, P Stanford, SA Lidman, C Nonino, M Demarco, R Eisenhardt, PE Ettori, S Mainieri, V Toft, S TI The near-infrared luminosity function of cluster galaxies beyond redshift one SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE galaxies : clusters : general; galaxy : evolution; galaxy : formation; galaxies : luminosity function; mass function; cosmology : observations ID COLOR-MAGNITUDE RELATION; DEEP FIELD SOUTH; TO-LIGHT RATIOS; STELLAR MASS FUNCTIONS; S-BAND LUMINOSITY; X-RAY; FUNDAMENTAL PLANE; RICH CLUSTERS; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; COMA CLUSTER AB Aims. We determined the K-s band luminosity function (LF), and inferred the corresponding stellar mass function, of cluster galaxies at redshift z similar or equal to 1.2, using near-infrared images of three X-ray luminous clusters at z = 1.11, 1.24, 1.27. Methods. The composite LF was derived down to M* + 4, by means of statistical background subtraction, and is well described by a Schechter function with K-s* = 20.5(-1)(+0.4) and alpha = -1.0(-0.3)(+0.2). Using available X-ray mass profiles we determined the M/L ratios of these three clusters, which tend to be lower than those measured in the local universe. Finally, from the Ks band composite LF we derived the stellar mass function of cluster galaxies. Results. With these data, no significant difference can be seen between the cluster galaxies LF and the LF of field galaxies at similar redshift. We also found no significant evolution out to z similar or equal to 1.2 in the bright (< M* + 4) part of the LF probed in this study, apart from a brightening of similar or equal to 1.3 mag of the characteristic magnitude of the high redshift LF. We confirm, and extend to higher redshift, the result from previous work that the redshift evolution of the characteristic magnitude M* is consistent with passive evolution of a stellar population formed at z > 2. Conclusions. The results obtained in this work support and extend previous findings that most of the stars in bright galaxies were formed at high redshift, and that K-s-bright (M > 10(11) M circle dot) galaxies were already in place at z similar or equal to 1.2, at least in the central regions of X-ray luminous clusters. Together with recent results on the field galaxy stellar mass function, this implies that most of the stellar mass is already assembled in massive galaxies by z similar or equal to 1, both in low and high density environments. C1 Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, I-80126 Naples, Italy. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. LLNL, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. Osserv Astron Trieste, Inst Nazl Astrofis, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Osservatorio Astron Bologna, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Strazzullo, V (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Naples, Italy. EM vstrazzu@eso.org RI Ettori, Stefano/N-5004-2015; OI Ettori, Stefano/0000-0003-4117-8617; Nonino, Mario/0000-0001-6342-9662 NR 116 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 450 IS 3 BP 909 EP 923 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20054341 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 032TK UT WOS:000236797400006 ER PT J AU Blondin, JM Mezzacappa, A AF Blondin, JM Mezzacappa, A TI The spherical accretion shock instability in the linear regime SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; hydrodynamics; shock waves; supernovae : general; turbulence ID COLLAPSE SUPERNOVA MECHANISM; CORE-COLLAPSE; NEUTRINO TRANSPORT; EXPLOSIONS; CONVECTION; STABILITY; EVOLUTION; STAR AB We use time-dependent, axisymmetric, hydrodynamic simulations to study the linear stability of the stalled, spherical accretion shock that arises in the postbounce phase of core-collapse supernovae. We show that this accretion shock is stable to radial modes, with decay rates and oscillation frequencies in close agreement with the linear stability analysis of Houck and Chevalier. For nonspherical perturbations we find that the l 1 mode is always unstable for parameters appropriate to core-collapse supernovae. We also find that the l 2 mode is unstable, but typically has a growth rate smaller than that for l = 1. Furthermore, the l = 1 mode is the only mode found to transition into a nonlinear stage in our simulations. This result provides a possible explanation for the dominance of an l = 1 "sloshing'' mode seen in many two-dimensional simulations of core-collapse supernovae. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Blondin, JM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM John_Blondin@ncsu.edu; mezzacappaa@ornl.gov RI Mezzacappa, Anthony/B-3163-2017 OI Mezzacappa, Anthony/0000-0001-9816-9741 NR 20 TC 110 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 642 IS 1 BP 401 EP 409 DI 10.1086/500817 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 038GH UT WOS:000237206600032 ER PT J AU Fortney, JJ Saumon, D Marley, MS Lodders, K Freedman, RS AF Fortney, JJ Saumon, D Marley, MS Lodders, K Freedman, RS TI Atmosphere, interior, and evolution of the metal-rich transiting planet HD 149026b SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : eclipsing; planetary systems; radiative transfer; stars : individual (HD 149026, HD 189733) ID EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS; MASS DWARF STARS; B-LIKE PLANETS; BROWN DWARFS; HOT-JUPITERS; THERMAL STRUCTURE; PHASE-SEPARATION; MODELS; SATURN; URANUS AB We investigate the atmosphere and interior of the new transiting planet HD 149026b, which appears to be very rich in heavy elements. We first compute model atmospheres at metallicities ranging from solar to 10 times solar and show how for cases with high metallicity or inefficient redistribution of energy from the dayside, the planet may develop a hot stratosphere due to absorption of stellar flux by TiO and VO. The spectra predicted by these models are very different than cooler atmosphere models without stratospheres. The spectral effects are potentially detectable with the Spitzer Space Telescope. In addition, the models with hot stratospheres lead to a large limb brightening, rather than darkening. We compare the atmosphere of HD 149026b to other well-known transiting planets, including the recently discovered HD 189733b, which we show has a planet-to-star flux ratio twice that of HD 209458 and TrES-1. The methane abundance in the atmosphere of HD 189733b is a sensitive indicator of atmospheric temperature and metallicity and can be constrained with Spitzer IRAC observations. We then turn to interior studies of HD 149026b and use a grid of self-consistent model atmospheres and high-pressure equations of state for all components to compute thermal evolution models of the planet. We estimate that the mass of heavy elements within the planet is in the range of 60-93 M(circle plus). Finally, we discuss trends in the radii of transiting planets with metallicity in light of this new member of the class. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Planetary Chem Lab, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Fortney, JJ (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM jfortney@arc.nasa.gov RI Marley, Mark/I-4704-2013; OI Fortney, Jonathan/0000-0002-9843-4354 NR 72 TC 127 Z9 128 U1 2 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 642 IS 1 BP 495 EP 504 DI 10.1086/500920 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 038GH UT WOS:000237206600043 ER PT J AU Krall, J Yurchyshyn, VB Slinker, S Skoug, RM Chen, J AF Krall, J Yurchyshyn, VB Slinker, S Skoug, RM Chen, J TI Flux rope model of the 2003 October 28-30 coronal mass ejection and interplanetary coronal mass ejection SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar-terrestrial relations; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : magnetic fields ID IONOSPHERE-THERMOSPHERE MODEL; SPEED SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETIC CLOUDS; MAGNETOSPHERIC MHD; SIMULATION; FIELDS; ACCELERATION; LASCO; PROPAGATION; MECHANISM AB A numerical model of an erupting solar flux rope is shown to reproduce both quantitative near-Sun properties of the 2003 October 28 coronal mass ejection and the timing, strength, and orientation of the fields measured in situ at 1 AU. Using a simple erupting flux rope model, we determine the best-fit parameters for this event. Our analysis shows that the orientation of the magnetic axis of the flux rope in this case rotates smoothly through approximately 50 degrees as the flux rope apex expands from the solar surface to 1 AU. Using a global magnetospheric simulation code, we further show that the resulting model solar wind properties at 1 AU produce a magnetospheric response comparable to that computed using the actual solar wind data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Big Bear Solar Observ, Big Bear City, CA 92314 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp ISR I, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6790, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 58 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 642 IS 1 BP 541 EP 553 DI 10.1086/500822 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 038GH UT WOS:000237206600047 ER PT J AU Lin, CJ Pongprueksa, P Lindberg, SE Pehkonen, SO Byun, D Jang, C AF Lin, Che-Jen Pongprueksa, Pruek Lindberg, Steve E. Pehkonen, Simo O. Byun, Daewon Jang, Carey TI Scientific uncertainties in atmospheric mercury models I: Model science evaluation SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE atmospheric mercury; modeling; chemical mechanism; deposition; mercury speciation; aqueous sorption; cloud water; emission inventory; initial and boundary conditions ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; REACTIVE GASEOUS MERCURY; NORTHEASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; GAS-PHASE REACTION; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; UNITED-STATES; HALOGEN CHEMISTRY; SPRINGTIME DEPLETION; INITIATED REACTIONS; WET DEPOSITION AB Eulerian-based, first-principle atmospheric mercury models are a useful tool to assess the transport and deposition of mercury. However, there exist uncertainty issues caused by model assumptions/simplifications and incomplete understanding of mercury science. In this paper, we evaluate the model science commonly implemented in atmospheric mercury models. The causes of the uncertainties are assessed in terms of gas phase chemistry, aqueous phase chemistry. aqueous phase speciation, aqueous phase sorption, dry deposition, wet deposition, initial and boundary conditions, emission inventory preparation, and domain grid resolution. We also present a new dry deposition scheme for estimating the deposition velocities of GEM and RGM based on RADM formulation. From our evaluation, mercury chemistry introduces the greatest uncertainty to models due to the inconsistent kinetic data and lack of deterministic product identification in the atmosphere. Model treatments of deposition velocities and aqueous Hg(II) sorption can also lead to distinct simulation results in mercury dry and wet depositions. Although model results may agree well with limited field data of GEM concentrations and Hg(II) wet deposition, it should be recognized that model uncertainties may compensate with each other to yield favorable model performance. Future research needs to reduce model uncertainties are projected. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lamar Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Natl Univ Singapore, Div Environm Sci & Engn, Singapore 117548, Singapore. Univ Houston, Dept Geosci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lin, CJ (reprint author), Lamar Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. EM Jerry.Lin@lamar.edu RI Lin, Che-Jen/K-1808-2013; OI Lin, Che-Jen/0000-0001-5990-3093; Pehkonen, Simo/0000-0002-0362-9176 NR 111 TC 146 Z9 154 U1 8 U2 49 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 40 IS 16 BP 2911 EP 2928 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.01.009 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 041XK UT WOS:000237489800013 ER PT J AU Foster, KL Sharpe, S Webster, E Mackay, D Maddalena, R AF Foster, KL Sharpe, S Webster, E Mackay, D Maddalena, R TI The role of multimedia mass balance models for assessing the effects of volatile organic compound emissions on urban air quality SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE volatile organic chemical; ozone; urban; model; volatility ID INCREMENTAL HYDROCARBON REACTIVITY; UNCERTAINTY AB A multimedia mass balance model is described that has the potential to contribute to improved assessment of the levels and fate of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urban environments. It determines the fate and concentration of organic chemicals in the urban atmosphere under both steady-state and dynamic conditions. It can be used to estimate the fraction of the mass emitted that may participate in photochemical reactions leading to ozone formation, as distinct from the fraction which is dissipated by other processes. Five compartments are included: air (including aerosols), surface water, soil, vegetation and a non-polar organic urban film that coats impervious urban surfaces. Five test chemicals are assessed, viz. pentane, toluene, naphthalene, anthracene and pyrene, representing a range in volatility and atmospheric reactivity. The steady-state results suggest that the more volatile chemicals (pentane and toluene) remain almost entirely in the gaseous phase and advection and atmospheric reaction losses are the only important processes. For the less volatile chemicals, with liquid vapor pressures below a "cut-off" of approximately 10Pa, partitioning to other media increases, notably to soil and water, thus a lower fraction of the emitted mass reacts in the atmosphere and is a potential ozone precursor. The dynamic results show how changes in the hydroxyl radical (OH) concentrations and advection rates affect chemical fate. It is suggested that the model can contribute to improved assessment of the fate of a variety of organic chemicals in urban areas, especially if certain inter-media partitioning and transport parameters can be better quantified. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Trent Univ, Canadian Environm Modelling Ctr, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mackay, D (reprint author), Trent Univ, Canadian Environm Modelling Ctr, 1600 W Bank Dr, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. EM dmackay@trentu.ca; rlmaddalena@lbl.gov RI Webster, Eva/D-5244-2012 OI Webster, Eva/0000-0002-0952-0606 NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 40 IS 16 BP 2986 EP 2994 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.11.067 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 041XK UT WOS:000237489800019 ER PT J AU Roubertoux, PL Bichler, Z Pinoteau, W Jamon, M Seregaza, Z Smith, DJ Rubin, E Migliore-Samour, D AF Roubertoux, PL Bichler, Z Pinoteau, W Jamon, M Seregaza, Z Smith, DJ Rubin, E Migliore-Samour, D TI Pre-weaning sensorial and motor development in mice transpolygenic for the critical region of trisomy 21 SO BEHAVIOR GENETICS LA English DT Article DE DCR-1; Down syndrome; early development; HSA21; MMU16; motor behavior; sensorial development; YAC (Yeast Artificial Chromosome) ID DOWN-SYNDROME; GENE-EXPRESSION; MOUSE MODEL; CEREBELLAR PHENOTYPES; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; TRANSGENIC MICE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; HUMAN-CHROMOSOME-21; CHROMOSOME; INFANTS AB Trisomy 21 occurs every 1/800 births and is the most frequent genetic cause of mental retardation. Children with trisomy 21 show delayed sensorial and motor development as well as cognitive disorders. We selected a mouse model of trisomy 21 ( TRS21): transgenic mice carrying extra copies of a HSA21 region corresponding to the D21S17-ETS2 region (previously referred to as "Down syndrome critical region 1''). Sensorial and motor development was measured in these partially transgenic mice, from birth to weaning. The four HSA21 regions contributed unequally to sensorial and motor development delay. The more centromeric region (230E8) modifed 4 of the development indicators plus the size of the effect, indicated by partial eta(2) (eta(2)(p)), reached a median value of 14.5%. The neighboring 141G6 region contributed to 5 developmental differences (eta(2)(p) median value 14%). The most telomeric region (285E6) only modifed one development indicator. An extra copy of an HSA21 fragment ( referred to here as the 152F7 region) induced modi. cations to 14 of the 18 indicators measured with a eta(2) median value reaching 20%. The results indicate a noticeable contribution of the 152F7 region to sensorial and motor development. The contribution of this region to cognitive functioning and its neurobiological basis has been already reported. This set of result suggests the location in the D21S17-ETS2 region of several genes playing crucial role in cognitive and developmental impairment observed in TRS21. C1 Univ Mediterranee, CNRS, UMR, P3M, F-13402 Marseille 20, France. CNRS, Paris, France. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Mol & Med Pharmacol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Genome Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Roubertoux, PL (reprint author), Univ Mediterranee, CNRS, UMR, P3M, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, F-13402 Marseille 20, France. EM rouber@dpm.cnrs-mrs.fr NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0001-8244 J9 BEHAV GENET JI Behav. Genet. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 36 IS 3 BP 377 EP 386 DI 10.1007/s10519-006-9055-x PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Behavioral Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Psychology GA 051IK UT WOS:000238154600005 PM 16514474 ER PT J AU Whiteman, HH Krenz, JD Semlitsch, RD AF Whiteman, HH Krenz, JD Semlitsch, RD TI Intermorph breeding and the potential for reproductive isolation in polymorphic mole salamanders (Ambystoma talpoideum) SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE reproduction isolation; reproductive success; polyphenism; facultative paedomorphosis; salamander ID TRITURUS-ALPESTRIS AMPHIBIA; FACULTATIVE PEDOMORPHOSIS; SYMPATRIC SPECIATION; PHENOTYPIC VARIATION; SPERM PRECEDENCE; ALPINE NEWT; EVOLUTION; COMPETITION; COURTSHIP; ANIMALS AB The study of reproductive isolation as a prerequisite to sympatric speciation has been limited by the focus on species that have already experienced such isolation. However, a complete understanding of how such processes evolve depends on observing taxa before they complete the speciation process. We studied the potential for sexual isolation in the polyphenic mole salamander, Ambystoma talpoideum, using a series of laboratory and field experiments. This species consists of aquatic paedomorphic adults and terrestrial metamorphic adults which are exhibited by both sexes and which mate in the same aquatic habitat. Previous field studies on this species suggested that intermorph breeding would be less common during the winter months, because paedomorphic adults begin breeding in early autumn and thus may have less energy available for reproduction in the winter. Laboratory experiments conducted during the winter showed that the mating behavior of paedomorphic males occurred at a much lower frequency than that of metamorphic males. In contrast, field experiments that best mimicked natural conditions revealed symmetric intermorph breeding and included multiple paternity shared among males of each morph. This and other studies suggest that there is little evidence of sexual isolation among morphs based on behavioral interactions alone. However, the potential for partial isolation still occurs because of temporal and spatial differences in the frequencies of each morph in nature. Our results suggest that further studies on this system, and other similar polyphenisms, may provide valuable insight into the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of reproductive isolation. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Murray State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Murray, KY 42071 USA. Minnesota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Mankato, MN 56001 USA. Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Whiteman, HH (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM howard.whiteman@murraystate.edu OI Semlitsch, Raymond/0000-0002-7999-5762 NR 58 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5443 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 60 IS 1 BP 52 EP 61 DI 10.1007/s00265-005-0139-z PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 034YS UT WOS:000236967400007 ER PT J AU Rohrer, B Hogan, N AF Rohrer, B Hogan, N TI Avoiding spurious submovement decompositions II: A scattershot algorithm SO BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS LA English DT Article ID STROKE RECOVERY; MOVEMENTS; TARGETS; MODEL AB Evidence for the existence of discrete submovements underlying continuous human movement has motivated many attempts to "extract" them. Although they produce visually convincing results, all of the methodologies that have been employed are prone to produce spurious decompositions. In previous work, a branch-and-bound algorithm for submovement extraction, capable of global nonlinear minimization, and hence, capable of avoiding spurious decompositions, was presented [Rohrer and Hogan (Biol Cybern 39:190-199, 2003)]. Here, we present a scattershot-type global nonlinear minimization algorithm that requires approximately four orders of magnitude less time to compute. A sensitivity analysis reveals that the scattershot algorithm can reliably detect changes in submovement parameters over time, e.g., over the course of neuromotor recovery. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Intelligent Syst & Robot Ctr, Cybernet Syst Integrat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Brain & Cognit Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Rohrer, B (reprint author), MS 1010,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM brrohre@sandia.gov FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01-HD36827, R01-HD37397] NR 21 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-1200 J9 BIOL CYBERN JI Biol. Cybern. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 94 IS 5 BP 409 EP 414 DI 10.1007/s00422-006-0055-y PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Neurosciences SC Computer Science; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 034WL UT WOS:000236961200006 PM 16570179 ER PT J AU Churbanova, IY Tronin, A Strzalka, J Gog, T Kuzmenko, I Johansson, JS Blasie, JK AF Churbanova, IY Tronin, A Strzalka, J Gog, T Kuzmenko, I Johansson, JS Blasie, JK TI Monolayers of a model anesthetic-binding membrane protein: Formation, characterization, and halothane-binding affinity SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE GENERAL-ANESTHETICS; 4-ALPHA-HELIX BUNDLE; TRYPTOPHAN FLUORESCENCE; LIPID-BILAYERS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; HYDROPHOBIC CORE; HEME PROTEIN; ORIENTATION; CHANNELS AB hbAP0 is a model membrane protein designed to possess an anesthetic-binding cavity in its hydrophilic domain and a cation channel in its hydrophobic domain. Grazing incidence x-ray diffraction shows that hbAP0 forms four-helix bundles that are vectorially oriented within Langmuir monolayers at the air-water interface. Single monolayers of hbAP0 on alkylated solid substrates would provide an optimal system for detailed structural and dynamical studies of anesthetic-peptide interaction via x-ray and neutron scattering and polarized spectroscopic techniques. Langmuir-Blodgett and Langmuir-Schaeffer deposition and self-assembly techniques were used to form single monolayer films of the vectorially oriented peptide hbAP0 via both chemisorption and physisorption onto suitably alkylated solid substrates. The films were characterized by ultraviolet absorption, ellipsometry, circular dichroism, and polarized Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The alpha-helical secondary structure of the peptide was retained in the films. Under certain conditions, the average orientation of the helical axis was inclined relative to the plane of the substrate, approaching perpendicular in some cases. The halothane-binding affinity of the vectorially oriented hbAP0 peptide in the single monolayers, with the volatile anesthetic introduced into the moist vapor environment of the monolayer, was found to be similar to that for the detergent-solubilized peptide. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Anesthesiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tronin, A (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM tronin@sas.upenn.edu OI Strzalka, Joseph/0000-0003-4619-8932 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P01 GM055876, P01 GM55876] NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 90 IS 9 BP 3255 EP 3266 DI 10.1529/biophysj.105.072348 PG 12 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 029YU UT WOS:000236601100025 PM 16473900 ER PT J AU Ming, DM Bruschweiler, R AF Ming, DM Bruschweiler, R TI Reorientational contact-weighted elastic network model for the prediction of protein dynamics: Comparison with NMR relaxation SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE RELAXATION; BACKBONE DYNAMICS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; GLOBULAR-PROTEINS; ORDER PARAMETERS; SPIN RELAXATION; MOTIONS; DOMAIN; MACROMOLECULES; SPECTROSCOPY AB A new model for the prediction of protein backbone motions is presented. The model, termed reorientational contact-weighted elastic network model, is based on a multidimensional reorientational harmonic potential of the backbone amide bond vector orientations and it is applied to the interpretation of dynamics parameters obtained from NMR relaxation data. The individual energy terms are weighted as a function of the intervector distances and by the contact strengths of each bond vector with respect to its local environment. Correlated reorientational motional properties of the bond vectors are obtained by means of normal mode analysis. Application to a set of proteins with known three-dimensional structures yields good to excellent agreement between predicted and experimental NMR order parameters presenting an improvement over the local contact model. The reorientational eigenmodes of the reorientational contact-weighted elastic network model method provide direct information on the collective nature of protein backbone motions. The dominant eigenmodes have a notably low collectivity, which is consistent with the behavior found for reorientational eigenmodes from molecular dynamics simulations. C1 Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bruschweiler, R (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Dept Chem & Biochem, 1800 E Paul Dirac Dr, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM bruschweiler@magnet.fsu.edu RI Bruschweiler, Rafael /F-6624-2015 NR 43 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 90 IS 10 BP 3382 EP 3388 DI 10.1529/biophysj.105.071902 PG 7 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 034CE UT WOS:000236901400006 PM 16500967 ER PT J AU Khare, T Giometti, CS AF Khare, T Giometti, CS TI Differential recovery of biotinylated microbial proteins using monomeric or polymeric avidin SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; TISSUE PROTEINS; CELL FRACTIONS; PURIFICATION; SERUM C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Giometti, CS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM csgiometti@anl.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI WESTBOROUGH PA ONE RESEARCH DRIVE, SUITE 400A, PO BOX 1070, WESTBOROUGH, MA 01581-6070 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD MAY PY 2006 VL 40 IS 5 BP 584 EP + DI 10.2144/000112171 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 040TP UT WOS:000237403600005 PM 16708758 ER PT J AU Kim, J Jia, HF Wang, P AF Kim, J Jia, HF Wang, P TI Challenges in biocatalysis for enzyme-based biofuel cells SO BIOTECHNOLOGY ADVANCES LA English DT Review DE biofuel cell; nanoparticle; nanofiber; nanotube; nanobiocatalysis; nanomaterials; enzyme immobilization; enzyme stabilization; electrospinning ID DIRECT ELECTRON-TRANSFER; MESOPOROUS MOLECULAR-SIEVES; MONOLAYER-FUNCTIONALIZED ELECTRODES; UNIAXIALLY ALIGNED ARRAYS; BIOCHEMICAL FUEL-CELLS; GLUCOSE-OXIDASE; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY; MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES; ALUMINUM INCORPORATION; IMMOBILIZED ENZYMES AB Enzyme-based biofuel cells are attracting attention rapidly partially due to the promising advances reported recently. However, there are issues to be addressed before biofuel cells become competitive in practical applications. Two critical issues are short lifetime and poor power density, both of which are related to enzyme stability, electron transfer rate, and enzyme loading. Recent progress in nanobiocatalysis opens the possibility to improve in these aspects. Many nano-structured materials, such as mesoporous media, nanoparticles, nanofibers, and nanotubes, have been demonstrated as efficient hosts of enzyme immobilization. It is evident that, when nanostructure of conductive materials are used, the large surface area of these nanomaterials can increase the enzyme loading and facilitate reaction kinetics, and thus improving the power density of biofuel cells. In addition, research efforts have also been made to improve the activity and stability of immobilized enzymes by using nanostructures. It appears to be reasonable to us to expect that progress in nanostuctured biocatalysts will play a critical role in overcoming the major obstacles in the development of powerful biofuel cells. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Chem Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battele Blvd,POB 999,Mailstop K8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Jungbae.Kim@pnl.gov; wangp@uakron.edu NR 121 TC 335 Z9 344 U1 15 U2 199 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-9750 J9 BIOTECHNOL ADV JI Biotechnol. Adv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 BP 296 EP 308 DI 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2005.11.006 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 037WO UT WOS:000237178600003 PM 16403612 ER PT J AU Freda, C Gaeta, M Karner, DB Marra, F Renne, PR Taddeucci, J Scarlato, P Christensen, JN Dallai, L AF Freda, C Gaeta, M Karner, DB Marra, F Renne, PR Taddeucci, J Scarlato, P Christensen, JN Dallai, L TI Eruptive history and petrologic evolution of the Albano multiple maar (Alban Hills, Central Italy) SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE eruptive cycles; geochronology; Alban Hills; maar; hydromagmatic; ultrapotassic; decarbonation ID OXYGEN ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; VOLCANIC DISTRICT; FRACTIONAL CRYSTALLIZATION; AR-40/AR-39 GEOCHRONOLOGY; ULTRAPOTASSIC ROCKS; TRACE-ELEMENT; GENESIS; AGE; GEOCHEMISTRY; PETROGENESIS AB A comprehensive volcanological study of the Albano multiple maar (Alban Hills, Italy) using (i) Ar-40/Ar-39 geochronology of the most complete stratigraphic section and other proximal and distal outcrops and (ii) petrographic observations, phase analyses of major and trace elements, and Sr and O isotopic analyses of the pyroclastic deposits shows that volcanic activity at Albano was strongly discontinuous, with a first eruptive cycle at 69 +/- 1 ka producing at least two eruptions, and a second cycle with two peaks at 39 +/- 1 and 36 +/- 1 ka producing at least four eruptions. Contrary to previous studies, we did not find evidence of magmatic or hydromagmatic eruptions younger than 36 +/- 1 ka. The activity of Albano was fed by a new batch of primary magma compositionally different from that of the older activity of the Alban Hills; moreover, the REE and Sr-87/Sr-86 data indicate that the Albano magma originated from an enriched metasomatized mantle. According to the modeled liquid line of descent, this magma differentiated under the influence of magma/limestone wall rock interaction. Our detailed eruptive and petrologic reconstruction of the Albano Maar evolution substantiates the dormant state of the Alban Hills Volcanic District. C1 Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Sismol & Tettonofis, I-00143 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Sonoma State Univ, Dept Geol, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CNR, Ist Geol Ambientale & Geoingn, I-00138 Rome, Italy. RP Freda, C (reprint author), Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Sismol & Tettonofis, Via Vigna Murata, I-00143 Rome, Italy. EM freda@ingv.it RI Christensen, John/D-1475-2015; Scarlato, Piergiorgio/G-1714-2015; OI Scarlato, Piergiorgio/0000-0003-1933-0192; Taddeucci, Jacopo/0000-0002-0516-3699 NR 63 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 68 IS 6 BP 567 EP 591 DI 10.1007/s00445-005-0033-6 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 028TH UT WOS:000236511200005 ER PT J AU Todd, BD Winne, CT AF Todd, Brian D. Winne, Christopher T. TI Ontogenetic and interspecific variation in timing of movement and responses to climatic factors during migrations by pond-breeding amphibians SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID SALAMANDER AMBYSTOMA-TALPOIDEUM; TERRESTRIAL ACTIVITY; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; WATER ECONOMY; TEMPERATURE; POPULATIONS; DECLINES; BUFO AB Pond-breeding amphibians from temperate regions undertake overland migrations to reproduce in aquatic habitats. In turn, their offspring metamorphose and emigrate to upland, terrestrial habitats. We examined the diel patterns and daily variability of migrations of adult and juvenile amphibians in response to climatic cues. Of the eight species (Ainbystoma talpoideum (Holbrook, 1838), Ambystoma tigrinum (Green, 1825), Bufo terrestris (Bormaterre, 1789), Hyla gratiosa LeConte, 1856, Pseudacris crucifer (Wied-Neuwid, 1838), Pseudacris ornata (Holbrook, 1836), Rana sphenocephala Cope, 1886, and Scaphiopus holbrookii (Harlan, 1935)) that we observed, all migrated almost exclusively at night except for the recently metamorphosed B. terrestris, which frequently migrated diurnally (> 50% of captures). Additionally, we correlated daily captures of adult and juvenile A. talpoideum, A. tigrinum, B. terrestris, and R. sphenocephala to maximum and minimum daily temperatures, number of previous days without rain, total rainfall during the previous 24 h, and interactions of these variables. Rain was often the most important predictor of amphibian movements. However, species differed in their response to climatic factors, with some species and age classes being more dependent on rain for migrations than others. Rapid changes in regional weather patterns may affect species' migrations differently, possibly altering arrival times of reproductive adults or affecting the likelihood of successful migrations. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. RP Todd, BD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. EM todd@srel.edu NR 48 TC 34 Z9 40 U1 5 U2 29 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 84 IS 5 BP 715 EP 722 DI 10.1139/Z06-054 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 064AM UT WOS:000239061600011 ER PT J AU Scholle, MD Kriplani, U Pabon, A Sishtla, K Glucksman, MJ Kay, BK AF Scholle, MD Kriplani, U Pabon, A Sishtla, K Glucksman, MJ Kay, BK TI Mapping protease substrates by using a biotinylated phage substrate library SO CHEMBIOCHEM LA English DT Article DE combinatorial libraries; peptides; phage display; protease substrates; proteins ID DISPLAY; IDENTIFICATION; SPECIFICITY; MICROARRAYS; SELECTION; PROFILE AB We describe a bacteriophage M13 substrate library encoding the AviTag (BirA substrate) and combinatorial heptamer peptides displayed at the N terminus of the mature form of capsid protein III. Phages are biotinylated efficiently (>= 50 %) when grown in E. coli cells coexpressing BirA, and such viral particles can be immobilized on a streptavidin-coated support and released by protease cleavage within the combinotorial peptide. We have used this library to map the specificity of human Factor Xa and a neuropeptidase, neurolysin (EC3.4.24.16). Validation by analysis of isolated peptide substrates has revealed that neurolysin recognizes the motif hydrophobic-X-Pro-Arg-hydrophobic, where Arg-hydrophobic is the scissile bond. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Unit, Combinatorial Biol Unit, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Rosalind Franklin Univ Med & Sci, Chicago Med Sch, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Abbott Pk, IL 60064 USA. Rosalind Franklin Univ Med & Sci, Chicago Med Sch, Midw Proteome Ctr, Abbott Pk, IL 60064 USA. RP Kay, BK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Unit, Combinatorial Biol Unit, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM bkay@anl.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR19325]; NIAID NIH HHS [1-U54-AI057153]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS39892]; PHS HHS [C76 HF03610-01-00] NR 19 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1439-4227 J9 CHEMBIOCHEM JI ChemBioChem PD MAY PY 2006 VL 7 IS 5 BP 834 EP 838 DI 10.1002/cbic.200500427 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 042BI UT WOS:000237501700018 PM 16628754 ER PT J AU Buelna, G Ulutagay-Kartin, M Nenoff, TM AF Buelna, G Ulutagay-Kartin, M Nenoff, TM TI Alkylation of benzene using batch and continuous fixed-bed reactors SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE beta-zeolite; batch reactor; benzene alkylation; fixed-bed reactor; modified zeolites ID LIQUID-PHASE ALKYLATION; BETA-ZEOLITES; CUMENE; PROPYLENE; CATALYSTS; OLEFINS; PROPENE; AL AB Alkylation reactions of benzene with propylene using heterogeneous catalysts H+-beta zeolite, MCM-22, and ZSM-5 were studied for their affinity for cumene production. This work focused on the gas-phase reaction using different crystalline catalysts at several temperatures and amounts of reactants using both batch and continuous fixed-bed reactors. The properties of baseline commercial H+-beta catalysts versus versions modified with Ga, La, and Pt were studied. Quantitative analysis of product mixture was performed by gas chromatography. For the batch reactor, beta-zeolite produced the highest cumene yield and selectivity of 72% and 92%, respectively, at 225 degrees C. At this temperature, a benzene:propylene dilution of 7:1 molar ratio was the optimum. For the continuous system, cumene production is favored at lower space velocities, higher benzene-to-propylene ratio, and temperatures close to 225 degrees C. Ga modification of the H+-beta zeolite significantly enhanced cumene yield in the continuous fixed-bed reactor at 225 degrees C, from 27% of the unmodified beta-zeolite to 36% for the Ga-modified one. The life span of modified beta-catalysts was studied in the fixed-bed reactor for the first eight hours of reaction. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Chem & Biol Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nenoff, TM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Chem & Biol Technol Dept, POB 5800,MS 0734, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tmnenof@sandia.gov NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0098-6445 J9 CHEM ENG COMMUN JI Chem. Eng. Commun. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 193 IS 5 BP 606 EP 619 DI 10.1080/00986440500193863 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 001OL UT WOS:000234546100005 ER PT J AU Hah, SS Stivers, KM White, RWD Henderson, PT AF Hah, SS Stivers, KM White, RWD Henderson, PT TI Kinetics of carboplatin-DNA binding in genomic DNA and bladder cancer cells as determined by accelerator mass spectrometry SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTICANCER DRUG CARBOPLATIN; CISPLATIN-DNA; PLATINUM(II) COMPLEXES; ICP-MS; ADDUCTS; CIS-DIAMMINEDICHLOROPLATINUM(II); RECOGNITION; PLASMA; OXALIPLATIN AB Cisplatin and carboplatin are platinum-based drugs that are widely used in cancer chemotherapy. The cytotoxicity of these drugs is mediated by platinum-DNA monoadducts and intra- and interstrand diadducts, which are formed following uptake of the drug into the nucleus of cells. The pharmacodynamics of carboplatin display fewer side effects than for cisplatin, albeit with less potency, which may be due to differences in rates of DNA adduct formation. We report the use of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), a sensitive detection method often used for radiocarbon quantitation, to measure both the kinetics of [C-14] carboplatin- DNA adduct formation with genomic DNA and drug uptake and DNA binding in T24 human bladder cancer cells. Only carboplatin- DNA monoadducts contain radiocarbon in the platinated DNA, which allowed for calculation of kinetic rates and concentrations within the system. The percent of radiocarbon bound to salmon sperm DNA in the form of monoadducts was measured by AMS over 24 h. Knowledge of both the starting concentration of the parent carboplatin and the concentration of radiocarbon in the DNA at a variety of time points allowed calculation of the rates of Pt-DNA monoadduct formation and conversion to toxic cross-links. Importantly, the rate of carboplatin- DNA monoadduct formation was approximately 100-fold slower than that reported for the more potent cisplatin analogue, which may explain the lower toxicity of carboplatin. T24 human bladder cancer cells were incubated with a subpharmacological dose of [C-14] carboplatin, and the rate of accumulation of radiocarbon in the cells and nuclear DNA was measured by AMS. The lowest concentration of radiocarbon measured was approximately 1 amol/10 mu g of DNA. This sensitivity may allow the method to be used for clinical applications. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Hah, SS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate, 7000 E Ave,L-441, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hah2@llnl.gov; henderson48@llnl.gov RI Hah, Sang Soo/D-2621-2011 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA55861]; NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR13461] NR 24 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 19 IS 5 BP 622 EP 626 DI 10.1021/tx060058c PG 5 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 043ID UT WOS:000237593500004 PM 16696564 ER PT J AU Cao, WQ Duan, YX AF Cao, WQ Duan, YX TI Breath analysis: Potential for clinical diagnosis and exposure assessment SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID EXHALED NITRIC-OXIDE; OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI INFECTION; CRITICALLY-ILL PATIENTS; INCREASED CARBON-MONOXIDE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ASTHMATIC-PATIENTS AB Breath tests are among the least invasive methods available for clinical diagnosis, disease state monitoring, and environmental exposure assessment. In recent years, interest in breath analysis for clinical purposes has increased. This review is intended to describe the potential applications of breath tests, including clinical diagnosis of diseases and monitoring of environmental pollutant exposure, with emphasis on oxidative stress, lung diseases, metabolic disorder, gastroenteric diseases, and some other applications. The application of breath tests in assessment of exposure to volatile organic compounds is also addressed. Finally, both the advantages and limitations of breath analysis are summarized and discussed. (c) 2006 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Div, CSE Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Duan, YX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Div, CSE Grp, MD K484, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM yduan@lanl.gov OI Cao, Wenqing/0000-0002-2761-3355 NR 125 TC 170 Z9 172 U1 4 U2 46 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 52 IS 5 BP 800 EP 811 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2005.063545 PG 12 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 039WU UT WOS:000237339600004 PM 16513771 ER PT J AU Murphy, JJ Shaddix, CR AF Murphy, JJ Shaddix, CR TI Soot property measurements in a two-meter diameter JP-8 pool fire SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE soot; pool fires ID VOLUME-FRACTION; FLAMES; SCATTERING; TEMPERATURE; PYROMETRY AB An in situ adsorption/ emission diagnostic was used to measure soot properties in 2m diameter JP- 8 pool fires. Twelve tests were performed at the Lurance Canyon Burn Site operated by Sandia in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Seven of the tests were conducted with the probe positioned close to the centerline at heights above the pool surface ranging from 0.5m to 2.0m in 0.25m increments. For the remaining five tests, the probe was positioned at two heights 0.3m from the centerline and at three heights 0.5m from the centerline. Soot concentration was determined using a soot absorption measurement based on the transmission of a solid- state red laser ( 635 nm) through the 3.7 cm long probe volume. Soot temperature and a second estimate of soot concentration were measured using two- color optical pyrometry at 850nm and 1000 nm. The effective data rate for these measurements was 10 kHz. The results presented include the statistics, probability density functions, and spectral density functions of soot concentration and soot temperatures at the different measurement locations throughout the fire. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Murphy, JJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM jjmurf@earthlink.net NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 178 IS 5 BP 865 EP 894 DI 10.1080/00102200500269975 PG 30 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 027JD UT WOS:000236410700004 ER PT J AU Aspinwall, PS Katz, S AF Aspinwall, PS Katz, S TI Computation of superpotentials for D-branes SO COMMUNICATIONS IN MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TOPOLOGICAL FIELD-THEORY AB We present a general method for the computation of tree-level superpotentials for the world-volume theory of B-type D-branes. This includes quiver gauge theories in the case that the D-brane is marginally stable. The technique involves analyzing the A(infinity)-structure inherent in the derived category of coherent sheaves. This effectively gives a practical method of computing correlation functions in holomorphic Chern-Simons theory. As an example, we give a more rigorous proof of previous results concerning 3-branes on certain singularities including conifolds. We also provide a new example. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Geometry & Theoret Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Math, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Aspinwall, PS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM psa@cgtp.duke.edu NR 42 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0010-3616 J9 COMMUN MATH PHYS JI Commun. Math. Phys. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 264 IS 1 BP 227 EP 253 DI 10.1007/s00220-006-1527-6 PG 27 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 028TK UT WOS:000236511500009 ER PT J AU Eidenbenz, S AF Eidenbenz, S TI Finding minimum hidden guard sets in polygons - tight approximability results SO COMPUTATIONAL GEOMETRY-THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE hidden guard set; inapproximability; approximation algorithm; visibility; art gallery problems; terrains; polygons ID INAPPROXIMABILITY; COMPLEXITY; ALGORITHMS; TERRAINS AB We study the problem MINIMUM HIDDEN GUARD SET, which consists of positioning a minimum number of guards in a given polygon (or other structure such as a terrain) such that no two guards see each other and such that every point in the polygon is visible from at least one guard. By constructing a gap-creating reduction from 5-OCCURENCE-3-SATISFIABILITY, we show that this problem cannot be approximated by any polynomial-time algorithm with an approximation ration of vertical bar I vertical bar(1-is an element of) for any is an element of > 0, unless NP = P, where vertical bar I vertical bar is the size of the input polygon. The result even holds for input polygons without holes, which separates the problem from other visibilty problems such as guarding and hiding, where strong inapproximability results hold only for polygons with holes. We also show that a straight-forward approximation algorithm achieves an approximation ratio of vertical bar I vertical bar. These two results characterize the approximability threshold of MINIMUM HIDDEN GUARD SET exactly up to low-order terms. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Discrete Simulat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Eidenbenz, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Discrete Simulat Sci, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM eidenben@lanl.gov OI Eidenbenz, Stephan/0000-0002-2628-1854 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-7721 J9 COMP GEOM-THEOR APPL JI Comput. Geom.-Theory Appl. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 34 IS 2 BP 49 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.comgeo.2006.01.004 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 034MW UT WOS:000236934100001 ER PT J AU Feng, YP Lim, ATL Huang, M Ding, F Zheng, JC AF Feng, YP Lim, ATL Huang, M Ding, F Zheng, JC TI Relative stability and electronic properties of group IV phosphides and nitrides SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference of the Asian-Consortium-for-Computational-Materials-Science (ACCMS-2) CY JUL 14-16, 2004 CL Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, RUSSIA SP Nikolaev Inst Inorgan Chem, SB RAS, Boreskov Inst Catalysis, SB RAS, Inst Semicond Phys, SB RAS, Kutateladze Inst Thermal Phys, SB RAS HO Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch DE electronic structure; phosphide; nitride; first principles ID STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; CARBON; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SOLIDS AB The structures and electronic properties of binary alloys C3N4 and C3P4 were examined closely using first principles method based on the density functional theory and the local density approximation. Our calculations revealed that electronegativity plays a dominant role in determining the electronic properties of these compounds. Different crystal structures are preferred by the nitride and phosphide because of the different bonding preferences of nitrogen and phosphorus. The relative stability of these two phases changes gradually with composition in the ternary alloy C3N4-nPn, but the electronic properties change drastically in the presence of phosphorus. Other group IV phosphides and nitrides show similar properties and trends, except some deviations by Sn3N4 and Sn3P4. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Phys, Singapore 117542, Singapore. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Data Intens Comp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Phys, 3 Sci Dr 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore. EM phyfyp@nus.edu.sg RI Zheng, JC/G-3383-2010; Feng, Yuan Ping /A-4507-2012 OI Zheng, JC/0000-0002-6292-3236; Feng, Yuan Ping /0000-0003-2190-2284 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 EI 1879-0801 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 36 IS 1-2 BP 65 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.commatsci.2004.11.014 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 030RR UT WOS:000236652600013 ER PT J AU Arbuzov, AB Awramik, M Czakon, M Freitas, A Gruewald, MW Monig, K Riemann, S Riemann, T AF Arbuzov, AB Awramik, M Czakon, M Freitas, A Gruewald, MW Monig, K Riemann, S Riemann, T TI ZFITTER: a semi-analytical program for fermion pair production in e(+)e(-) annihilation, from version 6.21 to version 6.42 SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Review DE quantum electrodynamics (QED); Standard Model; electroweak interactions; heavy boson Z; e(+)e(-) annihilation; fermion pair production; radiative corrections; initial state radiation (ISR); final state radiation (FSR); QED interference; SLC; LEP; ILC ID ORDER ELECTROWEAK CORRECTIONS; VACUUM-POLARIZATION FUNCTIONS; ATOMIC PARITY-VIOLATION; HIGGS MASS CORRECTION; HEAVY TOP CORRECTIONS; ONE-LOOP CORRECTIONS; BOSON DECAY-RATE; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; STANDARD-MODEL; MUON LIFETIME AB ZFITTER is a Fortran program for the calculation of fermion pair production and radiative corrections at high energy e(+)e(-) colliders; it is also suitable for other applications where electroweak radiative corrections appear. ZFITTER is based on a semi-analytical approach to the calculation of radiative corrections in the Standard Model. We present a summary of new features of the ZFITTER program version 6.42 compared to version 6.21. The most important additions are: (i) some higher-order QED corrections to fermion pair production, (ii) electroweak one-loop corrections to atomic parity violation, (iii) electroweak one-loop corrections to P,v, production, (iv) electroweak two-loop corrections to the W boson mass and the effective weak mixing angle. C1 DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Bogoliubov Lab Theoret Phys, Dubna 141980, Russia. Inst Nucl Phys, PAS, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Univ Wurzburg, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Univ Silesia, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Div Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Dublin, Dept Expt Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. RP Riemann, T (reprint author), DESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. EM tord.riemann@desy.de RI Arbuzov, Andrej/J-6073-2013 OI Arbuzov, Andrej/0000-0001-9326-6905 NR 103 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 174 IS 9 BP 728 EP 758 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2005.12.009 PG 31 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 037ZK UT WOS:000237186700003 ER PT J AU Lythe, G Habib, S AF Lythe, G Habib, S TI Kink stochastics SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID OVERDAMPED SOLITON MOTION; NUCLEATION; DIFFUSION AB Kinks are examples of coherent structures: clearly identifiable localized features in a noisy, spatially extended system that can be followed as they move about under the influence of fluctuations. Numerical convergence of thermodynamic properties lets us explore kinks' stochastic dynamics. C1 Univ Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Lythe, G (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM grant@maths.leeds.ac.uk; habib@lanl.gov OI Lythe, Grant/0000-0001-7966-5571 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 8 IS 3 BP 10 EP 15 DI 10.1109/MCSE.2006.43 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 032SZ UT WOS:000236796300007 ER PT J AU Yong, Z Wilde, M Foster, I Voeckler, J Dobson, J Gilbert, E Jordan, T Quigg, E AF Yong Zhao Wilde, Michael Foster, Ian Voeckler, Jens Dobson, James Gilbert, Eric Jordan, Thomas Quigg, Elizabeth TI Virtual data Grid middleware services for data-intensive science SO CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Middleware for Grid Computing held in Conjunction with the ACM/IFIP/USINIX Middleware Conference CY JUN, 2003 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL DE virtual data; workflow; data Grid; data integration; portal; provenance AB The GriPhyN virtual data system provides a suite of components and services for data-intensive sciences that enables scientists to systematically and efficiently describe, discover, and share large-scale data and computational resources. We describe the design and implementation of such middleware services in terms of a virtual data system interface called Chiron, and present virtual data integration examples from the QuarkNet education project and from functional-MRI-based neuroscience research. The Chiron interface also serves as an online 'educator' for virtual data applications. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Hanover, NH USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Yong, Z (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, 1100 E 58th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM yongzh@cs.uchicago.edu RI Foster, Ian/A-1357-2007 OI Foster, Ian/0000-0003-2129-5269 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1532-0626 EI 1532-0634 J9 CONCURR COMP-PRACT E JI Concurr. Comput.-Pract. Exp. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 18 IS 6 BP 595 EP 608 DI 10.1002/cpe.968 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 041DA UT WOS:000237432300005 ER PT J AU Reynen, K Kropp, J Kockeritz, U Wunderlich, G Knapp, FF Schmeisser, A Strasser, RH AF Reynen, K Kropp, J Kockeritz, U Wunderlich, G Knapp, FF Schmeisser, A Strasser, RH TI Intracoronary radiotherapy angioplasty with a (188)Rheniurn liquid-filled in in-stent restenosis: a single-center, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind evaluation SO CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE LA English DT Article DE clinical 1-year follow-up; in-stent restenosis; intracoronary brachytherapy; randomized trial; restenosis rate; rhenium-188; sham procedure ID GAMMA-RADIATION THERAPY; DRUG-ELUTING STENTS; CLINICAL FOLLOW-UP; BALLOON ANGIOPLASTY; BETA-RADIATION; LONG-TERM; CORONARY-ARTERIES; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CATHETER; IRRADIATION AB Background In cases of in-stent restenosis, intracoronary radiotherapy with beta-emitters and gamma-emitters has been shown to reduce the risk of repeat restenosis. The present randomised, placebo-controlled study addresses the question of whether intracoronary radiotherapy applied by the easy-to-handle (188)Rhenium liquid-filled angioplasty balloon system is also able to reduce the angiographic re-restenosis rate in stents. Methods and results At our center, from May 2000 to December 2003, 165 patients (mean age 64 10, median 65 years; 127 men, 38 women) with symptomatic in-stent restenosis underwent either intracoronary brachytherapy or sham procedure. Index clinical and angiographic parameters were largely comparable in both groups. Radiation therapy was performed with a standard percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) balloon catheter inflated with liquid (188)Rhenium in the redilated in-stent restenosis for 240-890, mean 384 +/- 125 s with low pressure (3 atm) in order to reach 30 Gy at 0.5 mm depth of the vessel wall. In 82 patients, intracoronary radiotherapy was carried out without complications, but one of the 83 patients who underwent sham procedure suffered small myocardial infarction. During follow-up, stent thrombosis with subsequent non-Q-wave myocardial infarction occurred in one patient in each group (6 days and 8 months after the procedure, respectively). At 6 months after the index procedure, repeat angiography was performed in 156 of the 164 patients with successful procedure (rate 95%): restenosis (stenosis > 50% in diameter) or reocclusion was observed in only 19 of 78 (= 24%) patients of the radiation but in 31 of 78 (= 40%) patients of the sham procedure group (P = 0.04). Event-free survival (free of death, myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization) at 1 year was 87% for patients being radiated and 74% for patients having undergone sham procedure (P = 0.05). Conclusions Intracoronary radiation therapy with the. liquid-filled beta-emitting (188)Rhenium balloon is not only easy to perform, safe, and comparably inexpensive but also an effective option to prevent repeat restenosis and the need for target vessel revascularization in cases of in-stent restenosis. C1 Tech Univ Dresden, Heart Ctr Dresden, Dept Cardiol, D-01307 Dresden, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, Clin Nucl Med, D-01307 Dresden, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Reynen, K (reprint author), Tech Univ Dresden, Heart Ctr Dresden, Dept Cardiol, Fetscherstr 76, D-01307 Dresden, Germany. EM Klaus.Reynen@t-online.de NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0954-6928 J9 CORONARY ARTERY DIS JI Coronary Artery Dis. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 17 IS 4 BP 371 EP 377 DI 10.1097/00019501-200606000-00008 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 052PQ UT WOS:000238246000008 PM 16707961 ER PT J AU Woo, YH Camarero, JA AF Woo, YH Camarero, JA TI Interfacing "soft" and "hard" matter with exquisite chemical control SO CURRENT NANOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE protein immobilization; native chemical ligation; protein splicing; protein chips ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; EXPRESSED PROTEIN LIGATION; SITE-SPECIFIC IMMOBILIZATION; AZIDE-ALKYNE CYCLOADDITION; CELL-SURFACE-PROTEINS; STAUDINGER LIGATION; IN-VITRO; BUILDING-BLOCKS; VIRUS-PARTICLES; ANTIBODY ARRAYS AB The present paper reviews the recent development of new chemical and biological technologies for the site-specific immobilization of proteins onto inorganic materials and their potential applications to the fields of micro and nanotechnology. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Biol & Nucl Sci Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Camarero, JA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Biol & Nucl Sci Div, L-231,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM camarero1@llnl.gov RI Camarero, Julio/A-9628-2015 NR 70 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1573-4137 J9 CURR NANOSCI JI Curr. Nanosci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 2 IS 2 BP 93 EP 103 DI 10.2174/157341306776875794 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 033IV UT WOS:000236841400003 ER PT J AU Richard, AM Gold, LS Nicklaus, MC AF Richard, AM Gold, LS Nicklaus, MC TI Chemical structure indexing of toxicity data on the Internet: Moving toward a flat world SO CURRENT OPINION IN DRUG DISCOVERY & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Review DE Carcinogenic Potency Database; chemical structure; chemoinformatic; data mining; structure annotation; structure databases; toxicity data models; toxicity prediction ID NATIONAL-TOXICOLOGY-PROGRAM; OPEN NCI DATABASE; GENERAL LITERATURE; TOXICOGENOMICS; SUPPLEMENT; BROWSER; CACTVS; INCHI; CPDB AB Standardized chemical structure annotation of public toxicity databases and information resources is playing an increasingly important role in the 'flattening' and integration of diverse sets of biological activity data on the Internet. This review discusses public initiatives that are accelerating the pace of this transformation, with particular reference to toxicology-related chemical information. Chemical content annotators, structure locator services, large structure/data aggregator web sites, structure browsers, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) International Chemical Identifier (InChI) codes, toxicity data models and public chemical/biological activity profiling initiatives are all playing a role in overcoming barriers to the integration of toxicity data, and are bringing researchers closer to the reality of a mineable chemical Semantic Web. An example of this integration of data is provided by the collaboration among researchers involved with the Distributed Structure-Searchable Toxicity (DSSTox) project, the Carcinogenic Potency Project, projects at the National Cancer Institute and the PubChem database. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NCI, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, DHHS,Lab Med Chem, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Richard, AM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, MD D343-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM richard.ann@epa.gov RI Nicklaus, Marc/N-4183-2014 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES101901] NR 73 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 7 PU THOMSON SCIENTIFIC PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND STREET, LONDON, W1T 4JE, ENGLAND SN 1367-6733 J9 CURR OPIN DRUG DISC JI Curr. Opin. Drug Discov. Dev. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 9 IS 3 BP 314 EP 325 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 038KM UT WOS:000237218400003 PM 16729727 ER PT J AU Chasis, JA AF Chasis, Joel Anne TI Erythroblastic islands: specialized microenvironmental niches for erythropoiesis SO CURRENT OPINION IN HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE erythroblast macrophage protein; erythroblastic islands; erythropoiesis; GATA-1; intercellular adhesion molecule-4; macrophage; retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein AB Purpose of review This review focuses on current understanding of molecular mechanisms operating within erythroblastic islands including cell-cell adhesion, regulatory feedback, and central macrophage function. Recent findings Erythroblasts express a variety of adhesion molecules and recently two interactions have been identified that appear to be critical for island integrity. Erythroblast macrophage protein, expressed on erythroblasts and macrophages, mediates cell-cell attachments via homophilic binding. Erythroblast intercellular adhesion molecule-4 links erythroblasts to macrophages through interaction with macrophage alpha(v) integrin. In intercellular adhesion molecule-4 knockout mice, erythroblastic islands are markedly reduced, whereas the erythroblast macrophage protein null phenotype is severely anemic and embryonic lethal. Retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (Rb) protein stimulates macrophage differentiation by counteracting inhibition of Id2 on PU.1, a transcription factor that is a crucial regulator of macrophage differentiation. Rb-deficient macrophages do not bind Rb null erythroblasts and the Rb null phenotype is anemic and embryonic lethal. Lastly, extruded nuclei rapidly expose phosphatidylserine on their surface, providing a recognition signal similar to apoptotic cells. Summary Although understanding of molecular mechanisms operating within islands is at an early stage, tantalizing evidence suggests that erythroblastic islands are specialized niches where interactions in concert with cytokines play critical roles in regulating erythropoiesis. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chasis, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Bldg 74,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jachasis@lbl.gov FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK32094, DK56267] NR 58 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1065-6251 J9 CURR OPIN HEMATOL JI Curr. Opin. Hematol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 3 BP 137 EP 141 DI 10.1097/01.moh.0000219657.57915.30 PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA V43VQ UT WOS:000202963000004 PM 16567955 ER PT J AU Saunders, MJ Kim, H Woods, TA Nolan, JP Sklar, LA Edwards, BS Graves, SW AF Saunders, MJ Kim, H Woods, TA Nolan, JP Sklar, LA Edwards, BS Graves, SW TI Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal ZXF factor and factor Xa SO CYTOMETRY PART A LA English DT Article DE protease; screening; multiplex; lethal factor; factor Xa; Anthrax; high throughput; microsphere assay; high throughput screening ID THROUGHPUT FLOW-CYTOMETRY; RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; BACTERIAL TOXINS; KINASE-KINASE; INHIBITORS; SUBSTRATE; INACTIVATION; PROTEOLYSIS; PROTEINS AB Background: Proteases regulate many biological pathways in humans and are components of several bacterial toxins. Protease studies and development of protease inhibitors do not follow a single established methodology and are mostly protease specific. Methods: We have created recombinant fusion proteins consisting of a biotinylated attachment sequence linked to a GFP via a protease cleavage site to develop a multiplexable microsphere-based protease assay system. Using the proteases lethal factor and factor Xa, we performed kinetic experiments to determine optimal conditions for inhibitor screens and detect known inhibitors using the HyperCyt (R) flow cytometry system. Results: We have demonstrated specific cleavage of lethal factor and factor Xa substrates, optimized screening conditions for these substrates, shown specific inhibition of the proteases, and demonstrated high throughput detection of these inhibitors. Conclusions: The assay developed here is adaptable to any site-specific protease, compatible with high throughput flow cytometry systems, and multiplexable. Coupled with flow cytometry, which provides continuous time resolution and intrinsic resolution of free vs. bound fluorophores, this assay will be useful for high throughput screening of protease inhibitors in general and could simplify assays designed to determine protease mechanism. (c) 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Flow Cytometry Resource, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Canc Res & Treatment Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. La Jolla Bioengn Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Graves, SW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Flow Cytometry Resource, Mail Stop M888, Los Alamos, NM 87566 USA. EM graves@lanl.gov OI Kim, Heungbok/0000-0002-4359-8423 FU NCRR NIH HHS [2P41RR001315]; NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB003824, R01 EB003824-01] NR 36 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4922 J9 CYTOM PART A JI Cytom. Part A PD MAY PY 2006 VL 69A IS 5 BP 342 EP 352 DI 10.1002/cyto.a.20268 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 037ZU UT WOS:000237187700005 PM 16604538 ER PT J AU Hsueh, CH Luttrell, CR Becher, PF AF Hsueh, CH Luttrell, CR Becher, PF TI Analyses of multilayered dental ceramics subjected to biaxial flexure tests SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE biaxial flexure test; dental ceramics; strength; multilayer; bilayer ID RESIDUAL-STRESSES; STRENGTH; FRACTURE; MODE AB Objectives. The purpose of this study was to formulate explicitly the equation to relate the biaxial strength of multilayered dental ceramics to the fracture load for mutilayered discs subjected to biaxial flexure tests. Methods. Analytical modeling showed that the solutions for multilayered discs subjected to biaxial flexure tests could be obtained from the existing solutions for monolayered systems by replacing the neutral surface position and the flexural rigidity of monolayers with those of multilayers. Finite element analyses were performed on porcelain /zirconia bilayered discs subjected to piston-on-ring and ring-on-ring tests to verify the analytical results. Results. Good agreement was obtained between (i) present analytical results and Roark's formulas for stresses at the top and the bottom surfaces of bimetallic discs subjected to bending, and (ii) present analytical and finite element results for porcelain/zirconia bilayered discs subjected to piston-on-ring and ring-on-ring tests. Significance. The present closed-form solutions provide a basis for evaluating the biaxial strength of multilayered dental ceramics. Depending upon the strength of the individual layers and the stress distribution through the thickness of the multilayer during tests, cracking can initiate from any layer under tension. (C) 2005 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hsueh, CH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hsuehc@ornl.gov RI Hsueh, Chun-Hway/G-1345-2011 NR 24 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 22 IS 5 BP 460 EP 469 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2005.04.037 PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 040VT UT WOS:000237409600009 PM 16099028 ER PT J AU Sun, YK Han, JM Myung, ST Lee, SW Amine, K AF Sun, YK Han, JM Myung, ST Lee, SW Amine, K TI Significant improvement of high voltage cycling behavior AlF3-coated LiCoO2 cathode SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE AlF3 coating; cathode materials; impedance; lithium secondary batteries ID INTERCALATION CATHODE; LI-ION; BATTERIES; R(3)OVER-BAR-M; TEMPERATURE; STORAGE AB To improve the capacity retention of LiCoO2 at 4.5 V cut-off cycling, the AlF3 as new coating material was introduced. The AlF3-coated LiCoO2 showed no large difference in the bulk structure and a uniform AlF3-coating layer whose thickness is of about 10 nm covers LiCoO2 particles, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The AlF3-coated LiCoO2 delivered the similar initial discharge capacity to pristine LiCoO2 to 4.5 V versus Li. Surprisingly, the capacity retention and rate capability were greatly enhanced comparing to the pristine LiCoO2. Ac-impedance results showed that the AlF3-coated LiCoO2 has stable charge transfer resistance (R-ct) on cycling. Reduced Co dissolution was also seen for the AlF3-coated LiCoO2. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Hanyang Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ctr Informat & Commun Mat, Seoul 133791, South Korea. VK Corp, Kyonggi Do 450090, South Korea. Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Engn Div, Electrochem Technol Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sun, YK (reprint author), Hanyang Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ctr Informat & Commun Mat, Seoul 133791, South Korea. EM yksun@hanyang.ac.kr RI Sun, Yang-Kook/B-9157-2013; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 OI Sun, Yang-Kook/0000-0002-0117-0170; NR 18 TC 149 Z9 154 U1 7 U2 141 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 8 IS 5 BP 821 EP 826 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2006.03.040 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 045XP UT WOS:000237776300025 ER PT J AU Yoon, WS Hanson, J McBreen, J Yang, XQ AF Yoon, WS Hanson, J McBreen, J Yang, XQ TI A study on the newly observed intermediate structures during the thermal decomposition of nickel-based layered cathode materials using time-resolved XRD SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE time-resolved X-ray diffraction; lithium rechargeable batteries; thermal stability; LiNiO2; LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 ID LI-ION BATTERIES; STABILITY; OXIDE AB Time-resolved XRD analysis has been carried out to investigate structural changes of electrochemically delithiated nickel-based cathodes materials in the presence of electrolyte, when heated from 25 degrees C to 450 degrees C. A new structural change feature, the formation of an intermediate phase of Ni2O3 was observed at the same temperature as the NiO phase formation. It is believed that this intermediate structure plays an important role in the nickel cation reduction and oxygen release process during thermal decomposition of the cathode materials. It is found that the formation of this newly observed Ni2O3 phase is a general feature of the thermal decomposition for the nickelbase cathode materials. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yoon, WS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Bldg 555, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM wonsuby@bnl.gov RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010; Yoon, Won-Sub/H-2343-2011 NR 11 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 8 IS 5 BP 859 EP 862 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2006.03.030 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 045XP UT WOS:000237776300032 ER PT J AU Vine, E Rhee, CH Lee, KD AF Vine, E Rhee, CH Lee, KD TI Measurement and evaluation of energy efficiency programs: California and South Korea SO ENERGY LA English DT Article AB One of the key challenges for countries facing electric utility restructuring is to ensure that key public goods, such as energy efficiency programs, do not lose support but are maintained and enhanced via regulatory policy and government action. Moreover, an infrastructure and process also needs to be designed and implemented for conducting the measurement and evaluation of energy efficiency programs. This paper describes the experiences of California and the Republic of Korea (Korea) in addressing these issues. These case studies confirm that the active involvement of regulatory bodies is needed to ensure that energy efficiency investments continue. The case studies also show that the development of an infrastructure and process for conducting rigorous measurement and evaluation takes time and needs the active participation of many stakeholders. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Korea Electrotechnol Res Inst, Euiwang City 437082, Kyunggi Do, South Korea. RP Vine, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-4000, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM elvine@lbl.gov NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 31 IS 6-7 BP 1100 EP 1113 DI 10.1016/j.energy.2005.03.003 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 014KI UT WOS:000235478500023 ER PT J AU Wasiluk, B Petti, JP Dodds, RH AF Wasiluk, B Petti, JP Dodds, RH TI Temperature dependence of Weibull stress parameters: Studies using the Euro-material SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE ferritic steels; cleavage fracture; constraint loss; local approach; Weibull stress model; transition region; finite element modeling; master curve ID FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS DATASET; PREDICT CLEAVAGE FRACTURE; TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; PROBABILISTIC MODEL; FERRITIC STEELS; LENGTH SCALE; MASTER CURVE; CALIBRATION; CONSTRAINT; REGION AB This work demonstrates the temperature invariance of the Weibull stress modulus, m, for a 22Ni-MoCr37 pressure vessel steel through calibrations at two extreme temperatures of the ductile-to-brittle transition. This temperature invariance reflects the characterization of microcrack size distribution in the material described by the modulus. The calibrations performed here also demonstrate the clear dependence of the Weibull scale parameter, sigma(u), on temperature. The increase of sigma(u) with temperature reflects the increase in microscale toughness of ferritic steels. The calibration procedure employs a three-parameter Weibull stress model which includes the effects of a minimum (threshold) toughness, K-min. The calibrations suggest that K-min increases gradually with temperature. Finally, an engineering procedure is presented to enable practical applications of the Weibull stress model for defect assessments. This procedure combines the demonstrated temperature invariance of m, a recently developed method for predicting the variation of sigma(u), with temperature using the Master Curve, and calibration of the Weibull stress parameters at one temperature. The (calibrated) temperature invariant m and the estimated sigma(u) as a function of temperature are used to predict the cumulative probability of fracture for several large datasets without direct calibration. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newmark Lab 2129, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dodds, RH (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newmark Lab 2129, 205 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM rdodds@uiuc.edu NR 30 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 EI 1873-7315 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 8 BP 1046 EP 1069 DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2005.11.006 PG 24 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 031UG UT WOS:000236729100006 ER PT J AU Lam, PS Kim, Y Chao, YJ AF Lam, PS Kim, Y Chao, YJ TI The non-constant CTOD/CTOA in stable crack extension under plane-strain conditions SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID 2024-T351 ALUMINUM-ALLOY; TIP-OPENING ANGLE; TRIAXIALITY PARAMETER; FRACTURE-MECHANICS; HARDENING MATERIAL; FIELDS; GROWTH; SHEET; CTOA; MICROTOPOGRAPHY AB Contrary to the previous work that successfully applied the constant CTOD/CTOA fracture criteria to relatively thin structures, this paper demonstrates that the initial non-constant portion of the CTOD/CTOA plays an essential role in predicting fracture behavior under plane-strain conditions. Three- and two-dimensional finite element analyses indicate that a severe underestimation of the load would occur as the crack extends if a constant CTOD/CTOA criterion were used. However, the use of a simplified, bilinear CTOD/CTOA criterion to approximate its non-constant portion will closely duplicate the test data. Furthermore, using the experimental data from J-integral tests with various crack length to specimen width ratios (a/M, it is demonstrated that the critical CTOD/CTOA is crack tip constraint dependent. The initial high values of the CTCD/CTOA are in fact a natural consequence of crack growth process that is reflected by, and consistent with, the J-resistance (J-R) curve and its slope (tearing modulus). (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Chao, YJ (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM chao@engr.sc.edu NR 47 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 8 BP 1070 EP 1085 DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2005.12.008 PG 16 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 031UG UT WOS:000236729100007 ER PT J AU Roberts, JD James, SC Jepsen, RA AF Roberts, JD James, SC Jepsen, RA TI Modeling habitat availability as a function of the flow rate for the Pecos River, New Mexico SO ENVIRONMENTAL & ENGINEERING GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE minnow; threatened; habitat; depth; velocity; availability AB This study examines the relationship between Pecos River flow rates and in-stream water depth and velocity. Recent studies of the threatened Pecos Bluntnose Shiner Minnow (PBSM) suggest that water depth and water velocity are key parameters in defining minnow habitat preference. However, river flows that provide sufficient preferred habitat to support this species have yet to be determined. This article discusses available biologic data defining PBSM preferred habitat and develops a predictive model that relates river flows to available depths and velocities across the Pecos River. A novel technique is developed to visualize "habitat-availability curves," which establish available PBSM habitat as a continuous function of river flow according to whether the water depth is less than 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, or 18 in. (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 31, or 46 cm) or for threshold velocity values of 0.10, 0.30, 0.50, 0.70, 0.90, 1.1, 1.3, and 1.5 ft/ second (3.0, 9.1, 15, 2.1, 27, 34, 40, and 46 cm/sec). This model is supported and validated with data collected at 11 permanent transects on weekly to monthly bases for more than 1 year. The data and modeling results demonstrate the potential to optimize river flows that present the PBSM with the most habitat using the least flow. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Soil & Sediment Transport Grp, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Roberts, JD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Soil & Sediment Transport Grp, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1078-7275 J9 ENVIRON ENG GEOSCI JI Environ. Eng. Geosci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 12 IS 2 BP 103 EP 113 DI 10.2113/12.2.103 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 056JD UT WOS:000238517800002 ER PT J AU Hopkins, WA DuRant, SE Staub, BP Rowe, CL Jackson, BP AF Hopkins, WA DuRant, SE Staub, BP Rowe, CL Jackson, BP TI Reproduction, embryonic development, and maternal transfer of contaminants in the amphibian Gastrophryne carolinensis SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE amphibian; coal combustion; development; embryo; maternal transfer; mercury reproduction; selenium; strontium ID BURNING POWER-PLANT; FOOD-CHAIN; SELENIUM; EGGS; METHYLMERCURY; RESPONSES; BIOACCUMULATION; TERRESTRIAL; MALLARDS; MERCURY AB Although many amphibian populations around the world are declining at alarming rates, the cause of most declines remains unknown. Environmental contamination is one of several factors implicated in declines and may have particularly important effects on sensitive developmental stages. Despite the severe effects of maternal transfer of contaminants on early development in other vertebrate lineages, no studies have examined the effects of maternal transfer of contaminants on reproduction or development in amphibians. We examined maternal transfer of contaminants in eastern narrow-mouth toads (Gastrophryne carolinensis) collected from a reference site and near a coal-burning power plant. Adult toads inhabiting the industrial area transferred significant quantities of selenium and strontium to their eggs, but Se concentrations were most notable (up to 100 mu g/g dry mass). Compared with the reference site, hatching success was reduced by 11% in clutches from the contaminated site. In surviving larvae, the frequency of developmental abnormalities and abnormal swimming was 55-58% higher in the contaminated site relative to the reference site. Craniofacial abnormalities were nearly an order of magnitude more prevalent in hatchlings from the contaminated site. When all developmental criteria were considered collectively, offspring from the contaminated site experienced 19% lower viability. Although there was no statistical relationship between the concentration of Se or Sr transferred to eggs and any measure of offspring viability, our study demonstrates that maternal transfer may be an important route of contaminant exposure in amphibians that has been overlooked. Key words: amphibian, coal combustion, development, embryo, maternal transfer, mercury, reproduction, selenium, strontium. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Chem, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Hopkins, WA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 100 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM hopkinsw@vt.edu RI Rowe, Christopher/D-5271-2012 NR 37 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 20 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 114 IS 5 BP 661 EP 666 DI 10.1289/ehp.8457 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 039LZ UT WOS:000237308500030 PM 16675417 ER PT J AU Finsterle, S AF Finsterle, Stefan TI Demonstration of optimization techniques for groundwater plume remediation using iTOUGH2 SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE optimization; remediation; multiphase flow; contamination; iTOUGH2 ID AQUIFER REMEDIATION; DECISION-ANALYSIS; INVERSE PROBLEM; POROUS-MEDIA; DESIGN; WORTH; FLOW AB We examined the potential use of standard optimization algorithms as implemented in the inverse modeling code iTOUGH2 (Finsterle, S., 1999a. iTOUGH2 User's Guide. Report LBNL-40040, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory: Berkeley, CA (see also http://www-esd.lbl.gov/iTOUGH2); Finsterle, S., 1999b. iTOUGH2 Command Reference. Report LBNL-40041 (updated), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory: Berkeley, CA; Finsterle. S., 1999c. iTOUGH2 Sample Problems. Report LBNL-40042 (updated), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory: Berkeley, CA.) for the solution of aquifer remediation problems. Costs for the removal of dissolved or free-phase contaminants depend on aquifer properties.. the chosen remediation technology, and operational parameters (such as number of wells drilled and pumping rates). A cost function must be formulated that may include actual costs and hypothetical penalty costs for incomplete cleanup; the total cost function is therefore a measure of the overall effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed remediation scenario. The cost function is then minimized by automatically adjusting certain decision or operational parameters. We evaluate the impact of these operational parameters on remediation using a three-phase, three-component flow and transport simulator, which is linked to nonlinear optimization routines. We demonstrate that the methods developed for automatic model calibration are capable of minimizing arbitrary cost functions. An example of co-injection of air and steam makes evident the need for coupling optimization routines with an accurate state-of-the-art process simulator. Simplified models are likely to miss significant system behaviors such as increased downward mobilization due to recondensation of contaminants during steam flooding, which can be partly suppressed by the co-injection of air. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Finsterle, S (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Mail Stop 90-1116,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM safinsterle@lbl.gov RI Finsterle, Stefan/A-8360-2009 OI Finsterle, Stefan/0000-0002-4446-9906 NR 41 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 21 IS 5 BP 665 EP 680 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2004.11.012 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 045VF UT WOS:000237770000007 ER PT J AU Olsen, KB Dresel, PE Evans, JC McMahon, WJ Poreda, R AF Olsen, KB Dresel, PE Evans, JC McMahon, WJ Poreda, R TI Measurement of helium isotopes in soil gas as an indicator of tritium groundwater contamination SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The focus of this study was to define the shape and extent of tritium groundwater contamination emanating from a legacy burial ground and to identify vadose zone sources of tritium using helium isotopes (He-3 and He-4) in soil gas. Helium isotopes were measured in soil-gas samples collected from 70 sampling points around the perimeter and downgradient of a burial ground that contains buried radioactive solid waste. The soil-gas samples were analyzed for helium isotopes using rare gas mass spectrometry. He-3/He-4 ratios, reported as normalized to the air ratio (R-A) were used to locate the tritium groundwater plume emanating from the burial ground. The He-3 (excess) suggested that the general location of the tritium source is within the burial ground. This study clearly demonstrated the efficacy of the He-3 method for application to similar sites elsewhere within the DOE weapons complex. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Olsen, KB (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM kb.olsen@pnl.gov NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 9 BP 2895 EP 2902 DI 10.1021/es0518575 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 038TC UT WOS:000237251400014 PM 16719088 ER PT J AU Hopkins, WA Winne, CT AF Hopkins, William A. Winne, Christopher T. TI Influence of body size on swimming performance of four species of neonatal natricine snakes acutely exposed to a cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticide SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th SETAC World Congress CY NOV 14-18, 2004 CL Portland, OR SP SETAC DE carbaryl; evaporative water loss; reptiles; snakes; swimming performance ID BULLFROGS RANA-CATESBEIANA; EVAPORATIVE WATER-LOSS; SEMINATRIX-PYGAEA; AMPHIBIAN COMMUNITIES; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; PREDATOR-AVOIDANCE; AQUATIC SNAKES; INSECTICIDE; CARBARYL; TADPOLES AB Locomotor performance is an important fitness-related trait in reptiles because of its potential influence on prey capture and predator avoidance. Because cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides disrupt neuromuscular signaling, reduction in performance seems to be a logical translation of this biochemical disruption to the organism level, In the present study, we compared the swimming performance of four species of natricine snakes acutely exposed to a formulation of carbaryl to determine whether neonatal body size or skin permeability influences responsiveness. Exposure to high concentrations of carbaryl (2.5-5.0 mg/L) resulted in reduced swimming performance in all four species of snakes, and species responded similarly to the pesticide once body size was accounted for allometrically. Using traditional methods in physiological ecology to estimate skin permeability (a parameter that influences the dose of contaminant absorbed), we found that water flux across the integument also scaled allometrically with body surface area and, therefore, was similar among species after controlling for this relationship. We suggest that future studies examining the effects of repeated low-dose exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors on performance parameters will be useful in assessing the ecological significance of our findings. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Wildlife Ecotoxicol & Physiol Ecol Program, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Hopkins, WA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Wildlife Ecotoxicol & Physiol Ecol Program, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM hopkins@srel.edu NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1208 EP 1213 DI 10.1897/05-028R.1 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 082GB UT WOS:000240373600005 PM 16704050 ER PT J AU Sani, RK Peyton, BM Dohnalkova, A AF Sani, Rajesh K. Peyton, Brent M. Dohnalkova, Alice TI Toxic effects of uranium on Desulfovibrio desulfuricans G20 SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bioavailability; heavy metal; high-resolution transmission-electron microscope; lag time; selected-area electron diffraction ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; HEAVY-METAL RESISTANCE; ALGA CHLORELLA SP.; REDUCTION; U(VI); VULGARIS; GROWTH; COPPER; PRECIPITATION; GROUNDWATER AB The toxic effects of U(VI) were studied using Desulfovibrio desulfuricans G20 in a medium containing bicarbonate or 1,4-piperazinediethane sulfonic acid disodium salt monohydrate (PIPES) buffer (each at 30 mM and pH 7). Uranium(VI) toxicity was dependent on the medium buffer and was observed in terms of longer lag times and, in some cases, no measurable growth. The minimum inhibiting concentration was 140 mu M.U(VI) in PIPES-buffered medium. This is 36-fold lower than that reported previously for D. desulfuricans. For all cases in which D. desulfuricans G20 grew in the presence of U(VI), the final cell protein yield was equivalent to that of the U(VI)-free control. In 24 h, D. desulfuricans G20 (total cell protein, 40 mg/L) removed 50 mu M U(VI) from solution in PIPES buffer, as compared to 96 mu M U(VI) in bicarbonate buffer under anaerobic, nongrowth conditions. Even though the solubility of U(VI) was significantly lower in PIPES buffer than in bicarbonate buffer, U(VI) was much more toxic in PIPES buffer than in bicarbonate buffer. Analysis of thin sections of D. desulfuricans G20 treated with 90 mu M U(VI) in medium containing PIPES buffer revealed that only a very small fraction of cells had reduced U precipitates in the periplasmic spaces. In the presence of bicarbonate buffer, however, reduced U was observed not only in the periplasm but also in the cytoplasm. Selected-area electron diffraction patterns and crystallographic analysis of transmission-electron microscopic lattice fringe images confirmed the structure of precipitated U in the cell periplasm and cytoplasm as being that of uraninite. These results suggest that U(VI) toxicity and the detoxification mechanisms of D. desulfuricans G20 depend greatly on the chemical forms of U(VI) that are present. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ctr Multiphase Environm Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Peyton, BM (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Cobleigh Hall Room 305, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM bpeyton@coe.montana.edu RI Peyton, Brent/G-5247-2015 OI Peyton, Brent/0000-0003-0033-0651 NR 53 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1231 EP 1238 DI 10.1897/05-401R.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 082GB UT WOS:000240373600008 PM 16704053 ER PT J AU Milov, V Coburn, LL Danchenko, I AF Milov, Vladimir Coburn, Leonard L. Danchenko, Igor TI Russia's energy policy, 1992-2005 SO EURASIAN GEOGRAPHY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Russia; energy policy; crude oil; natural gas; coal; power generation; oil exports; pipelines; Russian demand; refined products AB A team comprising a former Russian policymaker and American analysts of the current Russian energy policy examines the course of that policy and its limitations during the post-Soviet period. In the process, they critically analyze key problems in Russia's oil, gas, coal, and electricity sectors that represent a potential drag on growth of the entire Russian economy and at the very least call into question the sustainability of further increases in exports to the West. The authors explore in considerable depth and detail both the factors underlying the recent increase in government intervention in the energy sector and the likely consequences for domestic production, consumption, resource security, and critical exports. C1 Inst Energy Policy, Moscow 121069, Russia. Coburn Int Energy Consultants LLC, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Brookings Inst, Foreign Policy Studies Program, Washington, DC 20036 USA. US DOE, Off Russian & Eurasian Affairs, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Milov, V (reprint author), Inst Energy Policy, 19B Khlebnyy Pereulok, Moscow 121069, Russia. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 4 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 USA SN 1538-7216 J9 EURASIAN GEOGR ECON JI Eurasian Geogr. Econ. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 47 IS 3 BP 285 EP 313 DI 10.2747/1538-7216.47.3.285 PG 29 WC Area Studies; Geography SC Area Studies; Geography GA 079YF UT WOS:000240213100002 ER PT J AU Bechtle, P Desch, K Porod, W Wienemann, P AF Bechtle, P. Desch, K. Porod, W. Wienemann, P. TI Determination of MSSM parameters from LHC and ILC observables in a global fit SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID SOFT SUPERSYMMETRY-BREAKING; HIGGS-BOSON MASSES; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP EQUATIONS; ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENT; 2-LOOP CORRECTIONS; EXPERIMENTAL LIMIT; PARTICLE PHYSICS; HIGH-ENERGY; SYSTEM; ANNIHILATION AB We present the results of a realistic global fit of the Lagrangian parameters of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) assuming universality for the first and second generations and real parameters. No assumptions on the SUSY breaking mechanism are made. The fit is performed using the precision of future mass measurements of superpartners at the LHC and mass and polarised topological cross-section measurements at the ILC. Higher-order radiative corrections axe accounted for wherever possible to date. Results are obtained for a modified SPS1a MSSM benchmark scenario but they were checked not to depend critically on this assumption. Exploiting a simulated annealing algorithm, a stable result is obtained without any a priori assumptions on the values of the fit parameters. Most of the Lagrangian parameters can be extracted at the percent level or better if theoretical uncertainties are neglected. Neither LHC nor ILC measurements alone will be sufficient to obtain a stable result. The effects of theoretical uncertainties arising from unknown higher-order corrections and parametric uncertainties are examined qualitatively. They appear to be relevant and the result motivates further precision calculations. The obtained parameters at the electroweak scale are used for a fit of the parameters at high-energy scales within the bottom-up approach. In this way regularities at these scales are explored and the underlying model can be determined with hardly any theoretical bias. Fits of high-scale parameters to combined LHC+ILC measurements within the mSUGRA framework reveal that even tiny distortions in the low-energy mass spectrum already lead to unacceptable chi(2) values. This does not hold for 'LHC-only' inputs. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, Valencia 46071, Spain. Univ Zurich, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Bechtle, P (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM peter.wienemann@physik.uni-freiburg.de NR 51 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD MAY PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 533 EP 544 DI 10.1140/epjc/s2006-02485-x PG 12 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 098YK UT WOS:000241559500024 ER PT J AU Rapti, Z Smerzi, A Rasmussen, KO Bishop, AR Choi, CH Usheva, A AF Rapti, Z Smerzi, A Rasmussen, KO Bishop, AR Choi, CH Usheva, A TI Lengthscales and cooperativity in DNA bubble formation SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PEYRARD-BISHOP MODEL; STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; TRANSCRIPTION; DENATURATION; TRANSITION; INITIATION AB It appears that thermally activated DNA bubbles of different sizes play central roles in important genetic processes. Here we show that the probability for the formation of such bubbles is regulated by the number of adenine-thymine pairs in specific regions with lengths which at physiological temperatures are of the order of (but not equal to) the size of the bubble. Our analysis is based on the Peyrard-Bishop-Dauxois model, whose equilibrium statistical properties have been accurately calculated here with a transfer integral approach. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Inst Adv Study, Sch Math, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Trent, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, BEC, CRS, I-38050 Trento, Italy. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Rapti, Z (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Rasmussen, Kim/B-5464-2009 OI Rasmussen, Kim/0000-0002-4029-4723 NR 16 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 74 IS 3 BP 540 EP 546 DI 10.1209/epl/i2005-10543-x PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 034EN UT WOS:000236911200025 ER PT J AU Gregori, G Tommasini, R Landen, OL Lee, RW Glenzer, SH AF Gregori, G Tommasini, R Landen, OL Lee, RW Glenzer, SH TI Limits on collective X-ray scattering imposed by coherence SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPACE-TIME FLUCTUATIONS; SPECTRAL-LINES; PLASMAS; LIQUID AB We present the calculation of the threshold for observation of collective plasmon modes in a solid density plasma probed with a partially coherent X-ray source. We find that at lower electron densities (n(e) less than or similar to 2 x 10(23) cm(-3)) de-coherence effects pose a stringent limit to the effective divergence as well as bandwidth of the probe source. These results are more restrictive than the usual condition that the probed scale-length must be larger than the screening distance in the plasma. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Gregori, G (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, CCLRC, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RI Tommasini, Riccardo/A-8214-2009 OI Tommasini, Riccardo/0000-0002-1070-3565 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 BP 637 EP 643 DI 10.1209/epl/i2005-10570-7 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 041QV UT WOS:000237471700011 ER PT J AU Klironomos, AD Meyer, JS Matveev, KA AF Klironomos, AD Meyer, JS Matveev, KA TI Spontaneous spin polarization in quantum wires SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; QUANTIZED CONDUCTANCE; POINT CONTACTS; WIGNER CRYSTAL; EXCHANGE; CHAIN; FERROMAGNETISM; DIMERIZATION; CHANNELS AB A number of recent experiments report spin polarization in quantum wires in the absence of magnetic fields. These observations are in apparent contradiction with the Lieb-Mattis theorem, which forbids spontaneous spin polarization in one dimension. We show that sufficiently strong interactions between electrons induce deviations from the strictly one-dimensional geometry and indeed give rise to a ferromagnetic ground state in a certain range of electron densities. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Klironomos, AD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Klironomos, Alexios/B-4153-2008; Meyer, Julia/G-4690-2016 OI Klironomos, Alexios/0000-0002-3577-1740; NR 34 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 BP 679 EP 685 DI 10.1209/epl/i2006-10024-x PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 041QV UT WOS:000237471700017 ER PT J AU Carne, TG Stasiunas, EC AF Carne, TG Stasiunas, EC TI Lessons learned in modal testing - part 3: Transient excitation for modal testing, more than just hammer impacts SO EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Carne, TG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0732-8818 J9 EXP TECHNIQUES JI Exp. Tech. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 30 IS 3 BP 69 EP 79 DI 10.1111/j.1747-1567.2006.00046.x PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 048RZ UT WOS:000237965500009 ER PT J AU Londer, YY Dementieva, IS D'Ausilio, CA Pokkuluri, PR Schiffer, M AF Londer, YY Dementieva, IS D'Ausilio, CA Pokkuluri, PR Schiffer, M TI Characterization of a c-type heme-containing PAS sensor domain from Geobacter sulfurreducens representing a novel family of periplasmic sensors in Geobacteraceae and other bacteria SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE PAS sensor domain containing c-type heme; periplasmic sensor domain; signal transduction/chemotaxis; Geobacter sulfurreducens ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; LIGAND DISCRIMINATION; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; METAL REDUCTION; CYTOCHROME-C; PROTEIN; CHEMOTAXIS; PREDICTION AB Geobacter sulfurreducens encodes one of the largest numbers of proteins annotated as parts of the two-component signal transduction and/or chemotaxis pathways. Ten of these signal transducers have homologous periplasmic sensor domains that contain the sequence signature for c-type hemes. One such sensor domain encoded by gene GSU0303 was isolated and characterized. The protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and was isolated as two colored species (green and red). The green species is a monomer of the sensor domain with a five-coordinated high-spin heme and the red species is probably a noncovalent dimer of the sensor domain which might have an uncharacterized ligand bound to the dimer. The UV-VIS spectrum of the green species indicates that it has a c'-type heme, but its structure is predicted to be homologous to CitA, a periplasmic PAS domain that does not contain heme. The GSU0303 sensor domain represents a previously unreported family of PAS-type periplasmic sensor domains that contain c-type hemes; these proteins could be part of an important mechanism for sensing redox potential or small ligands in the periplasm. Homologs to the sensor domains we identified in G. sulfurreducens are observed in various bacteria although they occur in larger numbers in the Geobacteraceae. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Schiffer, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mschiffer@anl.gov NR 45 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 258 IS 2 BP 173 EP 181 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00220.x PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 036SP UT WOS:000237096000002 PM 16640569 ER PT J AU Borek, TT Hochrien, JM Irwin, AN AF Borek, TT Hochrien, JM Irwin, AN TI Composition of the essential oil of white sage, Salvia apiana SO FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Salvia apiana; white sage; essential oil composition; 1,8-cineole AB The essential oil of white sage, Salvia apiana, was obtained by steam distillation and analysed by GC-MS. A total of 13 components were identified, accounting for > 99.9% of the oil. The primary component was 1,8-cineole, accounting for 71.6% of the oil. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Characterizat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Borek, TT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Characterizat Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ttborek@sandia.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0882-5734 J9 FLAVOUR FRAG J JI Flavour Frag. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 21 IS 3 BP 571 EP 572 DI 10.1002/ffj.1618 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 042HZ UT WOS:000237520200042 ER PT J AU Collins, B Minchin, PR Dilustro, J Duncan, L AF Collins, B Minchin, PR Dilustro, J Duncan, L TI Land use effects on groundlayer composition and regeneration of mixed pine hardwood forests in the Fall Line Sandhills, SE USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE prescribed fire; military land use; southeastern mixed pine hardwood forest ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; LONGLEAF PINE; VEGETATION; FIRE; HYPOTHESIS; FLORIDA AB We surveyed groundlayer vegetation from 2000 to 2004 and longleaf pine regeneration before and after a change in the prescribed fire interval in 32 mixed pine hardwood stands at Fort Benning, Georgia, to determine if combinations of fire and military training maintain or shift groundlayer composition of stands on sandy or clayey soil. The stands have been managed using prescribed fire at ca. 3 year intervals since 1980. They were equally divided between: lighter (infantry only) or heavier (mechanized) military training; sandy or clayey soil; and a 2-year (2002, 2004) or 4-year (2004) (except for two stands, which burned after 3 years) fire interval. One site (clayey soil, light military use, and 2-year fire interval) was logged in 2001 and was excluded from the analysis. NMDS ordination was used to visualize variation in groundlayer communities among sites and trends in groundlayer composition over time. The first axis separated sites with sandy and clayey soil. A second 'degree of disturbance' dimension separated sites with heavier military use and 2-year fire interval from those with lighter military use and 4-year fire interval. Differences between soil texture and military use were significant in all years, but differences between fire treatments developed after the 2nd year. Mortality of tagged woody seedlings was greater after fire in burned compared to unburned sites and in clayey compared to sandy sites. The results suggest prescribed fire can maintain desirable ground layer composition, especially in sites with heavier military use, but frequent fire may not allow adequate establishment of longleaf pine. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. So Illinois Univ, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. RP Collins, B (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM Collins@srel.edu NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 226 IS 1-3 BP 181 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.11.024 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 037HT UT WOS:000237138400019 ER PT J AU Calinisan, V Gravem, D Chen, RPH Brittin, S Mohandas, N Lecomte, MC Gascard, P AF Calinisan, V Gravem, D Chen, RPH Brittin, S Mohandas, N Lecomte, MC Gascard, P TI New insights into potential functions for the protein 4.1 superfamily of proteins in kidney epithelium SO FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE-LANDMARK LA English DT Review DE protein 4.1; ezrin; beta-APP; 14-3-3 proteins; pICln; kidney; epithelia; cell; volume; proliferation; review ID SPECTRIN-ACTIN-BINDING; MEMBRANE SKELETAL PROTEIN-4.1; AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN; RED-CELL MEMBRANE; PRE-MESSENGER-RNA; HUMAN-ERYTHROCYTE-MEMBRANE; THICK ASCENDING LIMB; INOSITOL 1,4,5-TRISPHOSPHATE RECEPTOR-TYPE-1; PHOSPHORYLATION-DEPENDENT BINDING; METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS AB Members of the protein 4.1 family of adapter proteins are expressed in a broad panel of tissues including various epithelia where they likely play an important role in maintenance of cell architecture and polarity and in control of cell proliferation. We have recently characterized the structure and distribution of three members of the protein 4.1 family, 4.1B, 4.1R and 4.1N, in mouse kidney. We describe here binding partners for renal 4.1 proteins, identified through the screening of a rat kidney yeast two-hybrid system cDNA library. The identification of putative protein 4.1-based complexes enables us to envision potential functions for 4.1 proteins in kidney: organization of signaling complexes, response to osmotic stress, protein trafficking, and control of cell proliferation. We discuss the relevance of these protein 4.1-based interactions in kidney physio-pathology in the context of their previously identified functions in other cells and tissues. Specifically, we will focus on renal 4.1 protein interactions with beta amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP), 14-3-3 proteins, and the cell swelling-activated chloride channel pICln. We also discuss the functional relevance of another member of the protein 4.1 superfamily, ezrin, in kidney physio-pathology. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Dept Genome Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. New York Blood Ctr, Red Cell Physiol Grp, New York, NY 10021 USA. Inst Natl Transfus Sanguine, INSERM, U665, F-75015 Paris, France. RP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Dept Genome Biol, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 977-225A, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM PDGascard@lbl.gov OI McQueen, Dana/0000-0003-0162-1637 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK32094, DK56355] NR 288 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE INC PI IRVINE PA 16471 SCIENTIFIC WAY, IRVINE, CA 92618 USA SN 1093-9946 EI 1093-4715 J9 FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK JI Front. Biosci. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 11 BP 1646 EP 1666 DI 10.2741/1911 PG 21 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 996NG UT WOS:000234180200039 PM 16368544 ER PT J AU Vanden Wymelenberg, A Minges, P Sabat, G Martinez, D Aerts, A Salamov, A Grigoriev, I Shapiro, H Putnam, N Belinky, P Dosoretz, C Gaskell, J Kersten, P Cullen, D AF Vanden Wymelenberg, A Minges, P Sabat, G Martinez, D Aerts, A Salamov, A Grigoriev, I Shapiro, H Putnam, N Belinky, P Dosoretz, C Gaskell, J Kersten, P Cullen, D TI Computational analysis of the Phanerochaete chrysosporium v2.0 genome database and mass spectrometry identification of peptides in ligninolytic cultures reveal complex mixtures of secreted proteins SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phanerochaete chrysosporium; secretion; secretomie; proteome; gene cluster ID PEROXIDASE GENE FAMILY; GLYOXAL OXIDASE; SCHIZOPHYLLUM-COMMUNE; ENZYME; EXPRESSION; PROTEASES; PURIFICATION; CLONING; CLASSIFICATION; ORGANIZATION AB The white-rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium employs extracellular enzymes to completely degrade the major polymers of wood: cellulose. hemicellulose, and lignin. Analysis of a total of 10,048 v2.1 gene niodels predicts 769 secreted proteins. a substantial increase over the 268 models identified in the earlier database (v1.0). Within the v2.1 computational secretome,' 43% showed no significant similarity to known proteins, but were structurally related to other hypothetical protein sequences. In contrast, 53% showed significant similarity to known protein sequences including 87 niodels assigned to 33 glycoside hydrolase families and 52 sequences distributed among 13 peptidase families. When grown Under standard ligninolytic conditions, peptides corresponding to I I peptidase genes were identified in culture filtrates by mass spectrometry (LS-MS/MS). Five peptidases were members of' a large family of aspartyl proteases. many of which were localized to gene clusters. Consistent with a role in dephosphorylation of lignin peroxidase, a mannose-6-phosphatase (M6Pase) was also identified in carbon-starved Cultures. Beyond proteases and M6Pase, 28 specific gene products were identified including several representatives of gene families. These included 4 lignin peroxidases, 3 lipases, 2 carboxylesterases, and 8 glycosyl hydrolases. The results Underscore the rich genetic diversity and complexity of P. chrysosporium's extracellular enzyme systems. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Genet & Biotechnol Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Joint Genome Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Migal Galilee Technol Ctr, Environm Biotechnol Lab, Kiryat Shmona, Israel. Technion Israel Inst Technol, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP Cullen, D (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM dcullen@facstaff.wisc.edu RI Putnam, Nicholas/B-9968-2008 OI Putnam, Nicholas/0000-0002-1315-782X NR 55 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 4 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 43 IS 5 BP 343 EP 356 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2006.01.003 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 043RM UT WOS:000237619200005 PM 16524749 ER PT J AU Nobile, A AF Nobile, A TI Sixteenth Target Fabrication Specialists' Meeting - Preface SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nobile, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP VII EP VIII PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 043VX UT WOS:000237632100002 ER PT J AU Haan, SW Herrmann, MC Amendt, PA Callahan, DA Dittrich, TR Edwards, MJ Jones, OS Marinak, MM Munro, DH Pollaine, SM Salmonson, JD Spears, BK Suter, LJ AF Haan, SW Herrmann, MC Amendt, PA Callahan, DA Dittrich, TR Edwards, MJ Jones, OS Marinak, MM Munro, DH Pollaine, SM Salmonson, JD Spears, BK Suter, LJ TI Update on specifications for NIF ignition targets, and their rollup into an error budget SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Scottsdale, AZ AB Targets intended to produce ignition on NIF are being simulated and the simulations are used to set specifications for target fabrication. Recent design work has focused on designs that assume only 1.0 MJ of laser energy instead of the previous 1.6 MJ. To perform with less laser energy, the hohlraum has been redesigned to be more efficient than previously, and the capsules are slightly smaller. The main-line hohlraum design now has a SiO2 foam fill, a wall of U-Dy-Au, and shields mounted between the capsule and the laser entrance holes. Two capsule designs are being considered. One has a layered Cu-doped Be ablator, and the other layered Ge- doped CH. Both can perform acceptably with recently demonstrated ice layer quality, and with recently demonstrated outer surface roughness. Smoothness of the internal interfaces may be an issue for the Be(Cu) design, and it may be necessary either to polish partially coated shells or to improve process control so that the internal layers are smoother. Complete tables of specifications are being prepared for both targets, to be completed this fiscal year. All the specifications are being rolled together into an error budget indicating adequate margin for ignition with the new designs. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Haan, SW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM haan1@llnl.gov NR 7 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 553 EP 557 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 043VX UT WOS:000237632100003 ER PT J AU Laffite, SC Wilson, DC AF Laffite, SC Wilson, DC TI Calculations of a fill hole/tube in an ignition capsule SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Scottsdale, AZ ID FACILITY; TARGETS AB Filling an ignition capsule through a drilled hole in the ablator is the current approach to fielding an ignition capsule. But it adds an initial defect to the capsule which might grow large enough to affect or even prevent ignition. We present here calculations of the effects of fill tubes and holes for the 1.4 MJ 300 eVBeCu NIF capsule. The code used is the 3D AMR code written by Los Alamos and SAIC, "RAGE". Several fill tube/hole sizes were tried. Most calculations were made in a planar 2D geometry, providing reliable information on the first part of the implosion before convergence effects become important. A 5 mu m diameter hole generates a 25 by 30 mu m jet when the main shock breaks out into the DT gas. The mass involved in the jet is insignificant, less than 1/1000 of the hot spot mass. There is no large difference between the jets formed by a plug and a fill tube, before they break out into DT gas. High resolution spherical calculations are still in progress to understand the end of the implosion. Experiments are planned as a support to this study. C1 CEA, DIF, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Laffite, SC (reprint author), CEA, DIF, BP 12, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. EM stephane.laffite@cea.fr; dcw@lanl.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 558 EP 564 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 043VX UT WOS:000237632100004 ER PT J AU London, RA Moody, JD Sanchez, JJ Sater, JD Haid, BJ AF London, RA Moody, JD Sanchez, JJ Sater, JD Haid, BJ TI Thermal infrared exposure of cryogenic indirect drive ICF targets SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Scottsdale, AZ AB Cryogenic inertial confinement fusion targets at the National Ignition Facility and the Laser Megajoule will be protected from thermal infrared radiation by a cold shroud. As the shroud is removed just before the laser pulse, infrared radiation will heat and possibly degrade the symmetry of the solid hydrogen fuel layer. A lumped component mathematical model has been constructed to calculate how long an indirect drive target can be exposed to thermal radiation before the fuel layer degrades. The allowed exposure time sets the maximum shroud removal time and therefore has important implications for the design of the cryogenic shroud systems. The model predicts that the maximum exposure time is approximately 0.18 s for plastic capsules inside hohlraums with transparent laser entrance holes. By covering the laser entrance holes with a partially reflective coating, the exposure time can be increased to approximately 1 s. The exposure time can be increased to about 2 s by using beryllium capsules. Several other design concepts could increase the exposure time even further. Lengthening of the allowed exposure time to 1 s or longer could allow a significant cost savings for the shroud system. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Schafer Corp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP London, RA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rlondon@llnl.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 581 EP 587 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 043VX UT WOS:000237632100007 ER PT J AU Giedt, WH Sanchez, JJ Bernat, TP AF Giedt, WH Sanchez, JJ Bernat, TP TI Theory and numerical modelling of the effects of ablator wall and Hohlraum transfer gas thermal resistances on deuterium-tritium redistribution rates SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Scottsdale, AZ ID FUSION AB The influence of capsule wall material and the transfer gas surrounding the capsule on the time required for beta-heating-induced redistribution of a 50-50 mole percent mixture of deuterium and tritium (DT) in a spherical capsule are investigated analytically and numerically. The derivation of an analytical solution for the redistribution time in a one-dimensional binary diffusion model, which includes the thermal resistance of the capsule, is first described. This result shows that the redistribution time for a high conductivity capsule wall is approximately doubled after 8 days of (3) He formation. In contrast, with a low thermal conductivity capsule wall (e.g., polyimide), the redistribution time would increase by less than 10%. The substantial effect of the capsule wall resistance suggested that the resistance to heat transfer from the capsule through the surrounding transfer gas to the hohlraum wall would also influence the redistribution process. This was investigated with a spherical model, which was based on accounting for energy transfer by diffusion with a conduction heat. transfer approximation. This made it possible to solve for the continuous temperature distribution throughout the capsule and surrounding gas. As with the capsule the redistribution times depended on the relative values of the thermal resistances of the vapor in the capsule and the transfer gas. With increasing vapor thermal resistance (increased concentration of He-3) redistributions times for hydrocarbon capsules were less than the minimum one-dimensional value of 27 minutes. Further analytical and experimental investigation of the thermal interaction between the capsule and hohlraum is recommended. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Giedt, WH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508,L-481,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM jjsanchez@llnl.gov NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 588 EP 599 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 043VX UT WOS:000237632100008 ER PT J AU London, RA Kozioziemski, BJ Marinak, MM Kerbel, GD AF London, RA Kozioziemski, BJ Marinak, MM Kerbel, GD TI Low mode control of cryogenic ICF fuel layers using infrared heating SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Scottsdale, AZ ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; HOHLRAUMS; CAPSULES; TARGETS; TRITIUM AB Infrared heating has been demonstrated as an effective technique to smooth solid hydrogen layers inside transparent cryogenic inertial confinement fusion capsules. Control of the first two Legendre modes of the fuel thickness perturbations using two infrared beams injected into a hohlraum was predicted by modeling and experimentally demonstrated In the current work, we use coupled ray tracing and heat transfer simulations to explore a wider range of control of long scale length asymmetries. We demonstrate several scenarios to control the first four Legendre modes in the fuel layer using four beams. With such a system, it appears possible to smooth both short and long scale length fuel thickness variations in transparent indirect drive inertial confinement fusion targets. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Schafer Corp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP London, RA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rlondon@llhl.gov NR 16 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 608 EP 615 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 043VX UT WOS:000237632100010 ER PT J AU Edgell, DH Craxton, RS Elasky, LM Harding, DR Iwan, LS Keck, RL Lund, LD Verbridge, SJ Wittman, MD Warrick, A Brown, T Seka, W AF Edgell, D. H. Craxton, R. S. Elasky, L. M. Harding, D. R. Iwan, L. S. Keck, R. L. Lund, L. D. Verbridge, S. J. Wittman, M. D. Warrick, A. Brown, T. Seka, W. TI Three-dimensional characterization of cryogenic target ice layers using multiple shadowgraph views SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Scottsdale, AZ ID NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; DEUTERIUM-TRITIUM; PERFORMANCE; CAPSULE; SHELLS AB Backlit optical shadowgraphy is the primary diagnostic for D(2) ice layer characterization of cryogenic targets for the OMEGA Laser System at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE). Reflection and refraction of light passing through the ice layer produce characteristic rings. The position of the most prominent of the shadowgraph rings, known as the bright ring, can be resolved to similar to 0.1-pixel rms, corresponding to about 0.12 mu m for typical LLE target shadowgraphs. Measurement of the bright ring position in conjunction with ray-trace model predictions determines the ice layer thickness and the Fourier-mode spectrum of the ice roughness for that view. The LLE target characterization stations use two camera angles and target rotation to record target shadowgraphs from many different views. Combining these views allows construction of a 3-D ice layer representation, an estimation of the global surface roughness, and a determination of a Legendre-mode spectrum suitable for implosion modeling. The standard operating procedure is to construct a 3-D ice layer representation using the analysis of 48 separate shadowgraphic views. The 3-D ice surface is then decomposed in terms of spherical harmonics, allowing the determination of low-mode number (l <= 8 to 10) elements of a Legendre-mode power spectrum. Higher-mode number elements of the Legendre power spectrum are determined by mapping the Fourier-mode power spectrum averaged over all views. C1 Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. LLNL, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Edgell, DH (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, 240 E River Rd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM dedg@lle.rochester.edu NR 18 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 616 EP 625 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 043VX UT WOS:000237632100011 ER PT J AU Day, RD Sebring, RL AF Day, RD Sebring, RL TI Measuring the thickness of roughened bands used in CYLMIX experiments SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Scottsdale, AZ AB The thickness of the bands used in targets for CYLMIX experiments is an important experimental parameter. This measurement becomes difficult because the peak-to-valley surface roughness is at least 10% of the band thickness. Therefore, a method had to be devised that would accurately represent the band thickness and include the statistical nature of the very rough surface. The Effective Density was the parameter chosen to give a good representation of the band thickness. This paper describes how to make this measurement and how it was used in recent CYLMIX experiments. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Day, RD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM rdday@lanl.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 638 EP 641 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 043VX UT WOS:000237632100014 ER PT J AU Huang, H Stephens, RB Eddinger, SA Gunther, J Nikroo, A Chen, KC Xu, HW AF Huang, H Stephens, RB Eddinger, SA Gunther, J Nikroo, A Chen, KC Xu, HW TI Nondestructive quantitative dopant profiling technique by contact radiography SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Scottsdale, AZ ID X-RAY RESPONSE; PHOTOGRAPHIC FILMS; MODELS AB We have developed the only non-destructive technique to profile graded dopants in ICF shells to the precision required by the NIF specifications (Doping level must be accurate to 0.03 at. % and its radial distribution accurate to submicron precision). This quantitative contact radiography method was based on precision film digitization and a dopant simulation model. The measurements on Cu/Be and Ge/CH shells agree with those from electron microprobe and X-ray fluorescence. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Huang, H (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM huang@fusion.gat.com OI Stephens, Richard/0000-0002-7034-6141 NR 5 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 650 EP 656 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 043VX UT WOS:000237632100017 ER PT J AU DeFriend, KA Espinoza, BF Nobile, A Salazar, KV Day, RD Elliott, NE Pierce, TH Elliott, JE Schmidt, DW Fierro, F Sandoval, D Griego, J Valdez, AC Droege, M AF DeFriend, KA Espinoza, BF Nobile, A Salazar, KV Day, RD Elliott, NE Pierce, TH Elliott, JE Schmidt, DW Fierro, F Sandoval, D Griego, J Valdez, AC Droege, M TI Chemical compatibility of silica aerogel processses with ICF hohlraums SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Scottsdale, AZ ID TARGETS; SPECTROSCOPY; COMPLEXES; PRESSURE; FILMS AB Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) energy hohlraums are composed of a high-Z material filled with foam. Because of the small pore size and transparency, silica aerogels are used in some ICF targets. The traditional synthesis of silica aerogels require sol-gel polymerization of silicon alkoxide followed by supercritical drying. Some constituents in sol-gel polymerization have been found to contribute to leaching of certain metals at the silica/metal interface. Since the hohlraums are composed of metals, possible chemical reactivity at the silica aerogel and metal hohlraum interface was investigated. The hohlraums studied are aluminum lined with either copper or copper/chromium. Upon initial inspection, the aerogel appeared transparent and uniform, however, closer inspection of the copper wall suggested possible leaching. Alternatively the quality of the aerogel in the copper-chromium hohlraum was very poor with the chromium layer of the hohlraum and some copper completely etched. Control experiments were used to determine the cause of the leaching. When copper is in the presence of sol-gel constituents, Cu2+ ion formed, thus leaching copper from the hohlraum walls. In the Presence of chromium, Cr2O72- or CrO42- was identified in solution with the Cu2+, these anions are believed to form copper chromite under the aerogel synthesis procedures utilized. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Polymers & Coatings Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ocellus Inc, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP DeFriend, KA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Polymers & Coatings Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM defriend@lanl.sov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 701 EP 706 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 043VX UT WOS:000237632100025 ER PT J AU Letts, S Fearon, E Antbamatten, M Buckley, S King, C Cook, R AF Letts, S Fearon, E Antbamatten, M Buckley, S King, C Cook, R TI Preparation of polyimide ablator coatings using an improved solvent vapor smoothing process SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Scottsdale, AZ ID DEPOSITED POLY(AMIC ACID); FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PHASE DEPOSITION; SHELLS; NIF; SURFACE; FILMS; SPECIFICATIONS; FABRICATION; IMIDIZATION AB We completed the development of a method for preparing smooth vapor-deposited polyimide ablators up to 160 mu m thick for NIF target capsules. The process consists of two steps. The first step is vacuum chemical vapor deposition of monomer species, pyromellitic dianhydride and 4,4'-oxidianiline, onto the surface of a spherical shell mandrel where they may react to form polyamic acid. In the second step dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) vapor exposure in a gas-levitation smoothing apparatus swells and fluidizes the outer surface. Roughness in the outer fluid layer is reduced by surface-tension-driven flow. The shells are cured in the final smoothing step by heating to 300 degrees C, converting the polyamic acid to polyimide. Recent experiments using Xray radiography have allowed us to determine the depth of solvent penetration and the solvent concentration over a range of solvent exposure conditions. We found that the rate of penetration is a function of the solvent partial pressure in the flowing vapor stream. The concentration of solvent in the swollen layer is similar to 0.43 g/cm(3) and is independent of exposure conditions. Using the penetration information we were able to improve the smoothing process by increasing the solvent partial pressure. The optimized vapor smoothing process allowed us to consistently meet the surface smoothness specifications of NIF capsules. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Letts, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM letts1@llnl.gov NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 714 EP 720 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 043VX UT WOS:000237632100027 ER PT J AU Biener, J Mirkarimi, PB Tringe, JW Baker, SL Wang, Y Kucheyev, SO Teslich, NE Wu, KJJ Hamza, AV Wild, C Woerner, E Koidl, P Bruehne, K Fecht, HJ AF Biener, J Mirkarimi, PB Tringe, JW Baker, SL Wang, Y Kucheyev, SO Teslich, NE Wu, KJJ Hamza, AV Wild, C Woerner, E Koidl, P Bruehne, K Fecht, HJ TI Diamond ablators for inertial confinement fusion SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Scottsdale, AZ ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; TARGET FABRICATION SPECIFICATIONS; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; CAPSULE IMPLOSIONS; DESIGN; CARBON; NIF; UPDATE; FILMS AB Diamond has a unique combination of physical properties for the inertial confinement fusion ablator application, such as appropriate optical properties, high atomic density, high yield strength, and high thermal conductivity. Here, we present a feasible concept for fabrication of diamond ablator shells. The fabrication of diamond capsules is a multi-step process which involves diamond chemical vapor deposition on silicon mandrels followed by polishing, microfabrication of holes, and removing of the silicon mandrel by an etch process. We also discuss the pros and cons of coarse-grained optical quality and nanocrystalline chemical vapor deposition diamond films for the ablator application. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nanoscale Synth & Characterizat Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Fraunhofer Inst Appl Solid State Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Ulm, Div Mat, Ulm, Germany. RP Biener, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nanoscale Synth & Characterizat Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM biener2@llnl.gov RI Bruhne, Kai/H-3776-2011; Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/F-2249-2010; OI Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/0000-0002-7161-2034; Bruhne, Kai/0000-0003-1760-8680 NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 737 EP 742 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 043VX UT WOS:000237632100030 ER PT J AU Chen, KC Cook, RC Huang, H Letts, SA Nikroo, A AF Chen, KC Cook, RC Huang, H Letts, SA Nikroo, A TI Fabrication of graded germanium-doped CH shells SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Scottsdale, AZ ID PLASMA-POLYMERIZED COATINGS; NIF AB One of the current capsule designs for achieving ignition on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a 2 mm diameter graded Ge-doped CH shell that has a 160 mu m thick wall. The Ge doping is not uniform, but rather is in radial steps. This graded Ge-doped design allows rougher surface finish than the original undoped CH design, thus has a less stringent surface roughness requirement. We selected quality mandrels by coating dozens of mandrel batches to similar to 70 mu m thickness to amplify submicrometer defects on the mandrels and successively removed inferior batches. The Ge-doped CH layers are made by introducing (CH3)(4)Ge to the gas stream. The doping concentrations were determined by performing trial runs and were characterized by X-ray fluorescence and quantitative radiographic analyses, with good agreement between the methods demonstrated. The precise layer thickness and Ge concentrations were determined by a non-destructive quantitative contact radiograph. The as-deposited average layer thicknesses of the shells were 9.5 +/- 1.1 mu m for inner undoped CH layer, followed by a 47.1 +/- 0.5 mu m thick 0.83 +/- 0.09 at. % Ge-doped CH, 10.0 +/- 0.4 mu m thick 0.38 +/- 0.04 at. % Ge-doped CH and then 89.2 +/- 0.5 mu m of undoped CH. The atomic force microscope derived power spectrum of the shell meets the new NIF standard. The shells had a root-mean-square surface roughness of similar to 24 nm (modes 100-1000). The few surface flaws are isolated domes similar to 1 mu m tall and 20 mu m in diameter. The PAMS mandrels were successfully removed by pyrolysis at 305 degrees C for 10-20 h. After pyrolysis, the diameter and wall shrank 0.4% and 5.7%, respectively. Except for the outer undoped CH layer, which was 5.8 mu m less than the design specification, the average thicknesses of the three other layers met the NIF design specification after pyrolysis. The averages of the Ge doping concentrations were within the tolerance limits. The shell's inner surface has root-mean-square roughness of less than 6.5 nm. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Chen, KC (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM chenkc@fusion.gat.com NR 10 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 750 EP 756 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 043VX UT WOS:000237632100032 ER PT J AU Letts, S Fearon, E Buckley, S King, C Cook, R AF Letts, S Fearon, E Buckley, S King, C Cook, R TI Fabrication of surface bumps on a capsule to simulate fill tube mass defects SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Scottsdale, AZ AB Precision single bumps were deposited on the surface of ICF capsules to simulate the hydrodynamic instability caused by a fill tube. The bump is fabricated by placing an aperture mask on the capsule and coating plasma polymer through the aperture. The apparatus and procedures used to align and hold the shell for coating are described. Bumps were made having a width of about 50 pm and from 1 to 10 mu m in height. The bumps were characterized using interference microscopy and AFM. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Letts, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM letts1@llnl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 764 EP 767 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 043VX UT WOS:000237632100034 ER PT J AU McElfresh, M Gunther, J Alford, C Fought, E Cook, R AF McElfresh, M Gunther, J Alford, C Fought, E Cook, R TI Fabrication of beryllium capsules with copper-doped layers for NIF targets: A progress report SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Scottsdale, AZ ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY AB The sputtering of beryllium (Be) has been used at LLNL for nearly 30 years in the fabrication of laser targets. Several years ago the prospect of using sputtering to fabricate spherical Be capsules for National Ignition Facility (NIF) targets began to be explored and a basic strategy was developed that involved sputtering down onto plastic mandrels bouncing in a pan. While this appears to be very straight forward in principle, in practice sputtering has been used almost exclusively to make thin films (< 1 micron) on flat substrates. Thick films pose a significant challenge for sputtering while materials on spherical substrates are essentially unexplored. More recently, based on computational results, the point design for the first NIF ignition target capsule was specified as a Be capsule with Cu-doped layers of specific thickness, each layer with a different concentration of copper. While the work described here was motivated by the need to make these layered capsules, progress has been made in developing a more complete metallurgical understanding of the materials that are fabricated and the relationship between the sputter processing and microstructure of these spherical samples. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP McElfresh, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM mcelfresh1@llnl.gov RI Cooley, Jason/E-4163-2013 NR 10 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 786 EP 795 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 043VX UT WOS:000237632100038 ER PT J AU Alexander, DJ Cooley, JC Cameron, BJ Dauelsberg, LB Dickerson, RM Hackenberg, RE Mauro, ME Nobile, A Papin, PA Rivera, G AF Alexander, DJ Cooley, JC Cameron, BJ Dauelsberg, LB Dickerson, RM Hackenberg, RE Mauro, ME Nobile, A Papin, PA Rivera, G TI Progress in the production of materials and fabrication of NIF beryllium-copper ignition capsules at Los Alamos National Laboratory SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Scottsdale, AZ AB Work is underway at Los Alamos National Laboratory to fabricate machined-and-bonded target capsules of Be-6 wt% Cu for the National Ignition Facility. Significant progress has been made in producing material with the desired composition, purity, and homogeneity of composition, by arc melting. This material is thermomechanically processed by equal channel angular extrusion, to break down the coarse as-cast structure and refine the grain size, to about 20 pm. Machining with diamond tooling results in a significant improvement of the as-machined roughness, that also results in improved bond strengths. Bonding with a sputtered layer of Al can achieve high strengths with a bond 1.2 mu m thick and thinner bonds are being investigated Laser-drilled holes and fill-tube counterbores produced by electrodischarge machining appear to be feasible, but will require improvements in specimen positioning. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Alexander, DJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-6 G770, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM djalexander@lanl.gov RI Cooley, Jason/E-4163-2013 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 796 EP 801 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 043VX UT WOS:000237632100039 ER PT J AU Cook, RC Letts, SA Buckley, SR Fearon, E AF Cook, RC Letts, SA Buckley, SR Fearon, E TI Pyrolytic removal of the plastic mandrel from sputtered beryllium shells SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Scottsdale, AZ AB An engineering model is presented for the removal of the plastic mandrel from the inside of a sputtered Be shell. The removal is accomplished by forcing heated air in and out of the 4 to 5 mu m laser drilled fill hole in the capsule wall by cycling the external pressure between 2 and 5 atm. The plastic is combusted to CO2 and H2O by this exposure, thus removing the mandrel. Calculations are presented to evaluate the various parameters in the approach. Experimental confirmation of the effectiveness of the removal is shown. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cook, RC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bobcook@llnl.gov NR 9 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 802 EP 808 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 043VX UT WOS:000237632100040 ER PT J AU Wilkens, HL Hamza, AV Nikroo, A Teslich, NE AF Wilkens, HL Hamza, AV Nikroo, A Teslich, NE TI Investigating the potential of using focused ion beam technology to bore holes in and attach fill-tubes to a beryllium ablator SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Scottsdale, AZ AB The current point design for ignition targets for the National Ignition Facility has a beryllium ablator. As Be is essentially impermeable to hydrogen, conceptually the shell will be filled by boring through the shell with a laser then attaching a fill-tube. Examination of focused ion beam (FIB) technology is under way as an alternative to laser drilling. Holes of 40, 20, and 15 mu m diameter have been successfully ion milled through a 47 mu m thick Be layer. These holes are clean, though take several hours to make, and the geometry is limited by the aspect ratio of the depth to the diameter of the hole. Work was also done to investigate the possibility of using a FIB to create a counter-bore for the insertion and attachment Of a fill-tube in a Be shell which has a pre-existing hole. Because the FIB can be controlled to sub-micron scales, the counter-bore can be easily centered on the through-hole and the side-walls and base of the counter-bore can be made very smooth. Finally, a proof-of-principle experiment was made to show that a Be wire could be attached to an in-situ micromanipulator and then be placed inside the counter-bore. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wilkens, HL (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM wilkens@fusion.gat.com NR 12 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 809 EP 812 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 043VX UT WOS:000237632100041 ER PT J AU Shirk, MD Kelly, BT Haynes, SM Stuart, BC Sanchez, JJ Moody, JD Cook, RC AF Shirk, MD Kelly, BT Haynes, SM Stuart, BC Sanchez, JJ Moody, JD Cook, RC TI Laser machining for fabrication of hohlraums and capsules SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Scottsdale, AZ AB Laser machining technology has been used to demonstrate the ability to rapidly perform jobs on all aspects of ICF targets. Lasers are able to rapidly perform modifications and repairs to the gold metal parts on hohlraums, make cuts in the delicate polymer parts of the hohlraum, and drill holes in the capsules to enable them to be filled with fuel. Lasers investigated in this work include 193 nm ArF and 248 nm KrF excimers and 810 nm chirped-pulse amplification Ti:Sapphire lasers. The excimer lasers showed a definite advantage in drilling and machining of polymeric materials and the ultrashort inftared pulses of the Ti:Sapphire laser were far better for the gold structures. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Shirk, MD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM shirk2@llnl.gov RI Stuart, Brent/K-4988-2015 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 818 EP 821 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 043VX UT WOS:000237632100043 ER PT J AU Armstrong, JP Rubenchik, AM Gunther, J Stuart, BC AF Armstrong, JP Rubenchik, AM Gunther, J Stuart, BC TI Micron-scale deep hole drilling for beryllium capsule fill applications SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Scottsdale, AZ ID LASER-ABLATION; PULSES; METALS; FEMTOSECOND AB A laser processing system has been developed to drill high aspect ratio holes through the impermeable beryllium capsules envisioned for ignition shots on NIF. The drilling system was designed to produce holes with an entrance and exit diameter of approximately 5 mu m through the full 175 mu m thickness of the capsule. To meet these requirements, a frequency doubled femtosecond-class Ti:Sapphire laser is directed through a high numerical aperture lens to provide the spot geometry needed to drill the hole. The laser pulse is confined by the metallic walls of the hole, thereby maintaining the diameter of the channel well beyond the Rayleigh range of the optical system. Presented is the current state of this work-in-progress, including descriptions of the device and the technique used to produce the holes. The various means of characterizing the laser-drilled channels are also discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Armstrong, JP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,Mail Stop L-479, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM armstrong16@llnl.gov RI Stuart, Brent/K-4988-2015 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 822 EP 831 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 043VX UT WOS:000237632100044 ER PT J AU Wilkens, HL Gunther, J Mauldin, MP Nikroo, A Wall, JR Wall, DR Wallace, RJ AF Wilkens, HL Gunther, J Mauldin, MP Nikroo, A Wall, JR Wall, DR Wallace, RJ TI Progress in coating multi-layered cocktail hohlraums SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Scottsdale, AZ ID STRESSES AB The process of making multi-layered depleted uranium (DU) and gold "cocktail" hohlraums is being developed in a sputter-coater designed and assembled at General Atomics. These elements have been chosen to increase the hohlraum wall albedo, targeting the composition that results in the highest hohlraum efficiency. Rather than co-sputtering the cocktail constituents as was done previously, the approach taken in this work is to sputter alternating multiple thin layers of DU and gold. The intended outcome of creating a multi-layered structure is to encapsulate the DU in gold, thus reducing or perhaps preventing rapid oxidation of uranium, a known problem in the co-sputtered materials. Residual stress in coatings has been reduced to sufficiently low levels by optimizing deposition pressure allowing fabrication of free-standing cylinders and foils. Characterization of this type of sandwich material is difficult due to the fact that the cocktail region consists of buried interfaces, though promising results from Auger depth profiling show that the materials have sufficiently low oxygen content (<= 4 at. %) as well as the targeted composition. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wilkens, HL (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM wilkens@fusion.gat.com NR 8 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 846 EP 850 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 043VX UT WOS:000237632100048 ER PT J AU Ebey, PS Dole, JM Nobile, A Schoonover, JR Burmann, J Cook, B Letts, S Sanchez, J Nikroo, A AF Ebey, PS Dole, JM Nobile, A Schoonover, JR Burmann, J Cook, B Letts, S Sanchez, J Nikroo, A TI Exposure of NIF relevant polymeric samples to deuterium-tritium gas at elevated temperature and pressure SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Scottsdale, AZ AB The purpose of the experiments described in this paper was to expose samples of polymeric materials to a mixture of deuterium-tritium (DT) gas at elevated temperature and pressure to investigate the effects (i.e., damage) on the materials. The materials and exposure parameters were chosen to be relevant to proposed uses of similar materials in inertial fusion ignition experiments at the National Ignition Facility. Two types of samples were exposed and tested. The first type consisted of 10 4-lead ribbon cables offine manganin wire insulated with polyimide. Wires of this type are proposed for use in thermal shimming of hohlraums and the goal of this experiment was to measure the change in electrical resistance of the insulation due to tritium exposure. The second type of sample consisted of 20 planar polymer samples that may be used as ignition capsule materials. The exposure was at 34.5 GPa (5010 psia) and 70 degrees C for 48 h. The change in electrical resistance of the wire insulation will be presented. The results for capsule materials will be presented in a separate paper in this issue. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Ebey, PS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS C927, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM ebey@lanl.gov NR 4 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 859 EP 864 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 043VX UT WOS:000237632100050 ER PT J AU Schoonover, IR Steckle, WP Elliot, N Ebey, PS Nobile, A Nikroo, A Cook, RC Letts, SA AF Schoonover, IR Steckle, WP Elliot, N Ebey, PS Nobile, A Nikroo, A Cook, RC Letts, SA TI Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of plastic capsule materials exposed to deuterium-tritium (DT) gas SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Scottsdale, AZ ID PLASMA-POLYMERIZED COATINGS; TARGETS; IR AB Planar samples of varying thicknesses of both CH and CD glow discharge polymer have been measured with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy before and after exposure to deuterium-tritium (DT) gas at elevated temperature and pressure. Planar samples of polyimide films made from both hydrogenated and deuterated precursors have also been examined by FTIR before and after DT exposure. The post-exposure FTIR spectra demonstrated no measurable exchange of hydrogen with deuterium or tritium for either polymer. Evidence for oxidation of the glow discharge polymer due to atmospheric oxygen was the only chemical change indicated by the FTIR data. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Schoonover, IR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 865 EP 869 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 043VX UT WOS:000237632100051 ER PT J AU Shi, Z Dongarra, JJ AF Shi, Zhiao Dongarra, Jack J. TI Scheduling workflow applications on processors with different capabilities SO FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GRID COMPUTING AND ESCIENCE LA English DT Article DE workflow; DAG; task scheduling; list scheduling; heterogeneous systems ID TASK GRAPHS; SYSTEMS; MULTIPROCESSORS; ALGORITHMS; NUMBER AB Efficient scheduling of workflow applications represented by weighted directed acyclic graphs (DAG) on a set of heterogeneous processors is essential for achieving high performance. The optimization problem is NP-complete in general. A few heuristics for scheduling on heterogeneous systems have been proposed recently. However, few of them consider the case where processors have different capabilities. In this paper, we present a novel list scheduling based algorithm to deal with this situation. The algorithm (SDC) has two distinctive features. First, the algorithm takes into account the effect of Percentage of Capable Processors (PCP) when assigning the task node weights. For two task nodes with same average computation cost, our weight assignment policy tends to give higher weight to the task with small PCP. Secondly, during the processor selection phase, the algorithm adjusts the effective Earliest Finish Time strategy by incorporating the average communication cost between the current scheduling node and its children. Comparison study shows that our algorithm performs better than related work overall. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Innovat Comp Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dongarra, JJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Innovat Comp Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM shi@cs.utk.edu; dongarra@cs.utk.edu RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014 NR 36 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-739X J9 FUTURE GENER COMP SY JI Futur. Gener. Comp. Syst. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 22 IS 6 BP 665 EP 675 DI 10.1016/j.future.2005.11.002 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 047UZ UT WOS:000237905500002 ER PT J AU Bardeen, M Gilbert, E Jordan, T Nepywoda, P Quigg, E Wilde, M Zhao, Y AF Bardeen, M Gilbert, E Jordan, T Nepywoda, P Quigg, E Wilde, M Zhao, Y TI The QuarkNet/grid collaborative learning e-Lab SO FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GRID COMPUTING THEORY METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Collaborative and Learning Applications of Grid Technology CY MAY 09-12, 2005 CL Cardiff, WALES DE collaborative learning; collaborative computing; distance learning; education; human factors; hypertext/hypermedia; information systems education; distributed systems; online computation; physics; web-based interaction ID COSMIC-RAY DETECTORS AB This paper describes a case study that uses grid computing techniques to support the collaborative learning of high school students investigating cosmic rays. Students gather and upload science data to an e-Lab website. They explore those data using techniques from the GriPhyN collaboration. These techniques include virtual data transformations, workflows, metadata cataloging and indexing, data product provenance and persistence, as well as job planners for execution locally and on the grid. Students use web browsers and a custom interface that extends the GriPhyN Chiron portal to perform all of these tasks. They share results in the form of online posters and ask each other questions in this asynchronous environment. Students can discover and extend the research of other students, modeling the processes of modem large-scale scientific collaborations. Also, the e-Lab provides tools for teachers to guide student work throughout an investigation. http://quarknet.uchicago.edu/elab/cosmic (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, LSS, Educ Off, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, MCS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Bardeen, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, LSS, Educ Off, Pine St & Kirk Rd, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM mbardeen@fnal.gov; egilber2@uiuc.edu; jordant@fnal.gov; nepywoda@fnal.gov; liz@fnal.gov; wilde@mcs.anl.gov; yongzh@cs.uchicago.edu NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-739X J9 FUTURE GENER COMP SY JI Futur. Gener. Comp. Syst. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 22 IS 6 BP 700 EP 708 DI 10.1016/j.future.2006.03.001 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 047UZ UT WOS:000237905500006 ER PT J AU Dale, V Aldridge, M Arthur, T Baskaran, L Berry, M Chang, M Efroymson, R Garten, C Stewart, C Washington-Allen, R AF Dale, V Aldridge, M Arthur, T Baskaran, L Berry, M Chang, M Efroymson, R Garten, C Stewart, C Washington-Allen, R TI Bioregional planning in central Georgia, USA SO FUTURES LA English DT Article ID LONGLEAF PINE; PALUSTRIS; VEGETATION; FORESTS; GROWTH; LANDS; MODEL; AREA AB Human influences in the five-county region around Fort Benning, Georgia, USA, have been long and intense. Only 4% of the native longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) forest remains intact. Besides the loss of species, habitats, and ecosystem services associated with longleaf pine forests, the environmental concerns of the region include air, water, and noise pollution. The mix of federal and private ownership in this region leads to complicated land-management issues that will likely become even more difficult as the city of Columbus continues ill projected growth along the northern border of Fort Benning. To understand how anthropogenic developments affect the environment, we are developing a Regional Simulator (RSim) to project future developments and their impacts oil environmental conditions. Using RSim, we can identify the potential effect, 017 growth 011 noise and air I)pollution, Water-borne nutrients. and habitats for focal species. Noise impacts are already large in the areas of current and projected urban growth for the region. This knowledge of potential futures allows options for environmental protection to be considered. A key lesson from this analysis is that regional simulation models are a cost-effective way to assess the long-term environmental implications of anthropogenic growth and development. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Environm Noise Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Intermt Reg Digital Image Archive Ctr, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Dale, V (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dalevh@ornl.gov RI Baskaran, Latha/D-9754-2016; OI Baskaran, Latha/0000-0001-8487-3914; Berry, Michael/0000-0002-9191-9148; Efroymson, Rebecca/0000-0002-3190-880X NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-3287 J9 FUTURES JI Futures PD MAY PY 2006 VL 38 IS 4 BP 471 EP 489 DI 10.1016/j.futures.2005.07.013 PG 19 WC Economics; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 026KF UT WOS:000236337100006 ER PT J AU Hamilton, AT Huntley, S Tran-Gyamfi, M Baggott, DM Gordon, L Stubbs, L AF Hamilton, AT Huntley, S Tran-Gyamfi, M Baggott, DM Gordon, L Stubbs, L TI Evolutionary expansion and divergence in the ZNF91 subfamily of primate-specific zinc finger genes SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-GENOME; SEGMENTAL DUPLICATIONS; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSION; COMMON ANCESTOR; CELL-LINES; PROTEINS; MOUSE; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCE; FAMILIES AB Most genes are conserved in mammals, but certain gene families have acquired large numbers of lineage-specific loci through repeated rounds of gene duplication, divergence, and loss that have continued in each mammalian group. One such family encodes KRAB-zinc finger (KRAB-ZNF) proteins, which function as transcriptional repressors. One particular subfamily of KRAB-ZNF genes, including ZNF91, has expanded specifically in primates to comprise more than 110 loci in the human genome. Genes of the ZNF91 subfamily reside in large gene clusters near centromeric regions of human chromosomes 19 and 7 with smaller clusters or isolated copies in other locations. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that many of these genes arose before the split between the New and Old World monkeys, but the ZNF91 subfamily has continued to expand and diversify throughout the evolution of apes and humans. Paralogous loci are distinguished by divergence within their zinc finger arrays, indicating selection for proteins with different regulatory targets. In addition, many loci produce multiple alternatively spliced transcripts encoding proteins that may serve separate and perhaps even opposing regulatory roles because of the modular motif structure of KRAB-ZNF genes. The tissue-specific expression patterns and rapid structural divergence of ZNF91 subfamily genes suggest a role in determining gene expression differences between species and the evolution of novel primate traits. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Genome Biol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Stubbs, L (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Genome Biol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM stubbs5@llnl.gov OI Stubbs, Lisa/0000-0002-9556-1972 NR 75 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 16 IS 5 BP 584 EP 594 DI 10.1101/gr.4843906 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 038LF UT WOS:000237220600004 PM 16606703 ER PT J AU Huntley, S Baggott, DM Hamilton, AT Tran-Gyamfi, M Yang, S Kim, J Gordon, L Branscomb, E Stubbs, L AF Huntley, S Baggott, DM Hamilton, AT Tran-Gyamfi, M Yang, S Kim, J Gordon, L Branscomb, E Stubbs, L TI A comprehensive catalog of human KRAB-associated zinc finger genes: Insights into the evolutionary history of a large family of transcriptional repressors SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-GENOME; DNA-BINDING; DOMAIN DEFINES; SCAN BOX; PROTEIN; CLUSTER; EXPRESSION; EXPANSION; SEQUENCE; MOUSE AB Kruppel-type zinc finger (ZNF) motifs are prevalent components of transcription factor proteins in all eukaryotes. KRAB-ZNF proteins, in which a potent repressor domain is attached to a tandem array of DNA-binding zinc-finger motifs, are specific to tetrapod vertebrates and represent the largest class of ZNF proteins in mammals. To define the full repertoire of human KRAB-ZNF proteins, we searched the genome sequence for key motifs and then constructed and manually curated gene models incorporating those sequences. The resulting gene catalog contains 423 KRAB-ZNF protein-coding loci, yielding alternative transcripts that altogether predict at least 742 structurally distinct proteins. Active rounds of segmental duplication, involving single genes or larger regions and including both tandem and distributed duplication events, have driven the expansion of this mammalian gene family. Comparisons between the human genes and ZNF loci mined from the draft mouse, dog, and chimpanzee genomes not only identified 103 KRAB-ZNF genes that are conserved in mammals but also highlighted a substantial level of lineage-specific change; at least 136 KRAB-ZNF coding genes are primate specific, including many recent duplicates. KRAB-ZNF genes are widely expressed and clustered genes are typically not coregulated, indicating that paralogs have evolved to fill roles in many different biological processes. To facilitate further study, we have developed a Web-based public resource with access to gene models, sequences, and other data, including visualization tools to provide genomic context and interaction with other public data sets. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Microbial Syst Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM stubbs5@llnl.gov OI Stubbs, Lisa/0000-0002-9556-1972 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM066225] NR 60 TC 127 Z9 132 U1 0 U2 9 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI COLD SPRING HARBOR PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY 11724 USA SN 1088-9051 EI 1549-5469 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 16 IS 5 BP 669 EP 677 DI 10.1101/gr.4842106 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 038LF UT WOS:000237220600012 PM 16606702 ER PT J AU Kirpichtchikova, TA Manceau, A Spadini, L Panfili, F MarcuS, MA Jacquet, T AF Kirpichtchikova, TA Manceau, A Spadini, L Panfili, F MarcuS, MA Jacquet, T TI Speciation and solubility of heavy metals in contaminated soil using X-ray microfluorescence, EXAFS spectroscopy, chemical extraction, and thermodynamic modeling SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; SELECTIVE SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTIONS; FINE-STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; QUANTITATIVE ZN SPECIATION; SOLID-PHASE IRON; ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; CHELATING-AGENTS; MINE TAILINGS; TRACE-METALS; MICROMETER-SCALE AB Synchrotron-based X-ray radiation microfluorescence (mu-SXRF) and micro-focused and powder extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy measurements, combined with desorption experiments and thermodynamic calculations, were used to evaluate the solubility of metal contaminants (Zn, Cu, Pb) and determine the nature and fractional amount of Zn species in a near-neutral pH (6.5-7.0) truck-farming soil contaminated by sewage irrigation for one hundred years. Zn is the most abundant metal contaminant in the soil (1103 mg/kg), followed by Pb (535 mg/kg) and Cu (290 mg/kg). The extractability of Zn, Pb, and Cu with citrate, S,S-ethylene-diaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was measured as a function of time (24 h, 72 h, 144 h), and also as a function of the number of applications of the chelant (5 applications each with 24 h of contact time). Fifty-three percent of the Zn was extracted after 144 h with citrate, 51% with EDDS and 46% with EDTA, compared to 69, 87, and 61% for Cu, and 24, 40, and 34% for Pb. Renewing the extracting solution removed more of the metals. Seventy-nine, 65, and 57% of the Zn was removed after five cycles with citrate, EDDS and EDTA, respectively, compared to 88, 100, and 72%, for Cu, and 91, 65, and 47% for Pb. Application to the untreated soil of mu-SXRF, laterally resolved mu-EXAFS combined with principal component analysis, and bulk averaging powder EXAFS with linear least-squares combination fit of the data, identified five Zn species: Zn-sorbed ferrihydrite, Zn phosphate, Zn-containing trioctahedral phyllosilicate (modeled by the Zn kerolite, Si-4(Mg1.65Zn1.35)O-10(OH)(2) center dot nH(2)0), willemite (Zn(2)siO(4)), and gahnite (ZnAl2O4), in proportions of similar to 30,28, 24, 11, and less than 10%, respectively (precision: 10% of total Zn). In contrast to Cu and Pb, the same fractional amount of Zn was extracted after 24 h contact time with the three chelants (40-43% of the initial content), suggesting that one of the three predominant Zn species was highly soluble under the extraction conditions. Comparison of EXAFS data before and after chemical treatment revealed that the Zn phosphate component was entirely and selectively dissolved in the first 24 h of contact time. Preferential dissolution of the Zn phosphate component is supported by thermodynamic calculations. Despite the long-term contamination of this soil, about 79% of Zn, 91% of Pb, and 100'% of Cu can be solubilized in the laboratory on a time scale of a few days by chemical complexants. According to metal speciation results and thermodynamic calculations, the lower extraction level measured for Zn is due to the Zn phyllosilicate component, which is less soluble than Zn phosphate and Zn ferrihydrite. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Grenoble 1, LGIT, Environm Geochem Grp, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. CNRS, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hotel Vigee Le Brun, F-75002 Paris, France. RP Manceau, A (reprint author), Univ Grenoble 1, LGIT, Environm Geochem Grp, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. EM Alain.Manceau@ujf-grenoble.fr RI Beamline, FAME/G-9313-2012 NR 138 TC 108 Z9 116 U1 10 U2 75 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 70 IS 9 BP 2163 EP 2190 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.02.006 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 040LH UT WOS:000237379600003 ER PT J AU Goh, SW Buckley, AN Lamb, RN Rosenberg, RA Moran, D AF Goh, SW Buckley, AN Lamb, RN Rosenberg, RA Moran, D TI The oxidation states of copper and iron in mineral sulfides, and the oxides formed on initial exposure of chalcopyrite and bornite to air SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE REFINEMENT; NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; S-K-EDGE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SURFACE OXIDATION; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; CHALCOCITE CU2S; METAL SULFIDES; PYRITE AB Metal L-2,L-3, sulfur K and oxygen K near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra for chalcopyrite, bornite, chalcocite, covellite, pyrrhotite and pyrite have been determined from single-piece natural mineral specimens in order to assess claims that chalcopyrite should be regarded as (CuFeS2)-Fe-II-S-II rather than Cu(I)Fe(III)S2, and that copper oxide species are the principal initial oxidation products on chalcopyrite and bornite exposed to air. Spectra were obtained using both fluorescence and electron yields to obtain information representative of the bulk as well as the surface. Where appropriate, NEXAFS spectra have been interpreted by comparison with the densities of unfilled states and simulated spectra derived from ab initio calculations using primarily the FEFF8 code and to a lesser extent WIEN2k. Metal 2p and S 2p photoelectron spectra excited by monochromatised A1 K-alpha X-rays were determined for each of the surfaces characterised by NEXAFS spectroscopy. The X-ray excited Cu LMM Auger spectrum was also determined for each copper-containing sulfide. FEFF8 calculations were able to simulate the experimental NEXAFS spectra quite well in most cases. For covellite and chalcocite, it was found that FEFF8 did not provide a good simulation of the Cu L-3-edge spectra, but WIEN2k simulations were in close agreement with the experimental spectra. Largely on the basis of these simulations, it was concluded that there was no convincing evidence for chalcopyrite to be represented as (CuFeS2)-Fe-II-S-II, and no strong argument for some of the Cu in either bornite or covellite to be regarded as Cu(II). The ab initio calculations for chalcopyrite and bornite indicated that the density of Cu d-states immediately above the Fermi level was sufficient to account for the Cu L-3-edge absorption spectrum, however these incompletely filled Cu d-states should not be interpreted as indicating some Cu(II) in the sulfide structure. It was also concluded that the X-ray absorption spectra were quite consistent with the initial oxidation products on chalcopyrite and bornite surfaces being iron oxide species, and inconsistent with the concomitant formation of copper-oxygen species. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New S Wales, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Buckley, AN (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM a.buckley@unsw.edu.au OI Moran, Damian/0000-0002-8316-8823 NR 74 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 9 U2 65 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 70 IS 9 BP 2210 EP 2228 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.02.007 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 040LH UT WOS:000237379600005 ER PT J AU Floss, C Stadermann, FJ Bradley, JP Dai, ZR Bajt, S Graham, G Lea, AS AF Floss, C Stadermann, FJ Bradley, JP Dai, ZR Bajt, S Graham, G Lea, AS TI Identification of isotopically primitive interplanetary dust particles: A NanoSIMS isotopic imaging study SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Review ID DENSE INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; MACROMOLECULAR ORGANIC-MATTER; BOPP C/1995 O1; SOLAR-SYSTEM; DEUTERIUM ENRICHMENT; MURCHISON METEORITE; PRESOLAR MATERIALS; NITROGEN ISOTOPE; GRAPHITE GRAINS; SILICATE GRAINS AB We have carried out a comprehensive survey of the isotopic compositions (H, B, C, N, O, and S) of a suite of interplanetary dust particles (IDPs), including both cluster and individual particles. Isotopic imaging with the NanoSIMS shows the presence of numerous discrete hotspots that are strongly enriched in N-15, up to -1300 parts per thousand. A number of the IDPs also contain larger regions with more modest enrichments in 15N, leading to average bulk N isotopic compositions that are N-15-enriched in these IDPs. Although C isotopic compositions are normal in most of the IDPs, two N-15-rich hotspots have correlated 1;C anomalies. CN-/C- ratios suggest that most of the N-15-rich hotspots are associated with relatively N-poor carbonaceous matter, although specific carriers have not been determined. H isotopic distributions are similar to those of N: D anomalies are present both as distinct D-rich hotspots and as larger regions with more modest enrichments. Nevertheless, H and N isotopic anomalies are not directly correlated, consistent with results from previous studies. Oxygen isotopic imaging shows the presence of abundant presolar silicate grains in some of the IDPs. The O isotopic compositions of the grains are similar to those of presolar oxide and silicate grains from primitive meteorites. Most of the silicate grains in the IDPs have isotopic ratios consistent with meteoritic Group 1 oxide grains, indicating origins in oxygen-rich red giant and asymptotic giant branch stars, but several presolar silicates exhibit the O-17 and O-18 enrichments of Group 4 oxide grains, whose origin is less well understood. Based on their N isotopic compositions, the IDPs studied here can be divided into two groups. One group is characterized as being "isotopically primitive" and consists of those IDPs that have anomalous bulk N isotopic compositions. These particles typically also contain numerous N-15-rich hotspots, occasional C isotopic anomalies, and abundant presolar silicate grains. In contrast, the other "isotopically normal" IDPs have normal bulk N isotopic compositions and, although some contain N-15-rich hotspots, none exhibit C isotopic anomalies and none contain presolar silicate or oxide grains. Thus, isotopically interesting IDPs can be identified and selected on the basis of their bulk N isotopic compositions for further study. However, this distinction does not appear to extend to H isotopic compositions. Although both H and N anomalies are frequently attributed to the survival of molecular cloud material in IDPs and, thus, should be more common in IDPs with anomalous bulk N compositions, D anomalies are as common in normal IDPs as they are in those characterized as isotopically primitive, based on their N isotopes. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Washington Univ, Space Sci Lab, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Washington Univ, Space Sci Lab, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM floss@wustl.edu RI Dai, Zurong/E-6732-2010; Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010; OI Lea, Alan/0000-0002-4232-1553 NR 108 TC 127 Z9 128 U1 2 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 70 IS 9 BP 2371 EP 2399 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.01.023 PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 040LH UT WOS:000237379600016 ER PT J AU Laabs, BJC Plummer, MA Mickelson, DM AF Laabs, Benjamin J. C. Plummer, Mitchell A. Mickelson, David M. TI Climate during the last glacial maximum in the Wasatch and southern Uinta Mountains inferred from glacier modeling SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Uinta Mountains; Wasatch range; mass balance; last glacial maximum; glacial extent ID EQUILIBRIUM-LINE ALTITUDES; COLORADO FRONT RANGE; LATE PLEISTOCENE; PALEOCLIMATIC IMPLICATIONS; NORTH-AMERICA; USA; BONNEVILLE; PINEDALE; MONTANA; UTAH AB Recent improvements in understanding glacial extents and chronologies in the Wasatch and Uinta Mountains and other mountain ranges in the western U.S. call for a more detailed approach to using glacier reconstructions to infer paleoclimates than commonly applied AAR-ELA-AT methods. A coupled 2-D mass balance and ice-flow numerical modeling approach developed by [Plummer, M.A., Phillips, F.M., 2003. A 2-D numerical model of snow/ice energy balance and ice flow for paleoclimatic interpretation of glacial geomorphic features. Quaternary Science Reviews 22, 1389-1406.] allows exploration of the combined effects of temperature, precipitation, shortwave radiation and many secondary parameters on past ice extents in alpine settings. We apply this approach to the Little Cottonwood Canyon in the Wasatch Mountains and the Lake Fork and Yellowstone Canyons in the south-central Uinta Mountains. Results of modeling experiments indicate that the Little Cottonwood glacier required more precipitation during the local Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) than glaciers in the Uinta Mountains, assuming lapse rates were similar to modem. Model results suggest that if temperatures in the Wasatch Mountains and Uinta Mountains were similar to 6 degrees C to 7 degrees C colder than modem, corresponding precipitation changes were similar to 3 to 2 x modem in Little Cottonwood Canyon and similar to 2 to 1 X modem in Lake Fork and Yellowstone Canyons. Greater amounts of precipitation in the Little Cottonwood Canyon likely reflect moisture derived from the surface of Lake Bonneville, and the lake may have also affected the mass balance of glaciers in the Uinta Mountains. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Laabs, BJC (reprint author), Gustavus Adolphus Coll, Dept Geol, 800 W Coll Ave, St Peter, MN 56082 USA. EM blaabs@gustavus.edu OI Laabs, Benjamin/0000-0001-8825-2672 NR 42 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD MAY PY 2006 VL 75 IS 3-4 BP 300 EP 317 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.07.026 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 045RU UT WOS:000237760600003 ER PT J AU Davis, NK Iii, WWL Pierce, KL Finkel, RC AF Davis, NK Iii, WWL Pierce, KL Finkel, RC TI Glacial Lake Musselshell: Late Wisconsin slackwater on the Laurentide ice margin in central Montana, USA SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Glacial Lake Musselshell; Laurentide ice sheet; erratics; slackwater; cosmogenic dating; central Montana; Missouri River ID SOUTHWESTERN ALBERTA; COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; SOUTHERN ALBERTA; LATE PLEISTOCENE; PRAIRIE DOG; QUARTZ; BE-10; SHEET; AL-26 AB Cosmogenic surface exposure ages of glacial boulders deposited in ice-marginal Lake Musselshell suggest that the lake existed between 20 and 11.5 ka during the Late Wisconsin glacial stage (MIS 2), rather than during the Late Illinoian stage (MIS 6) as traditionally thought. The altitude of the highest ice-rafted boulders and the lowest passes on the modem divide indicate that glacial lake water in the Musselshell River basin reached at least 920-930 m above sea level and generally remained below 940 in. Exposures of rhythmically bedded silt and fine sand indicate that Lake Musselshell is best described as a slackwater system, in which the ice-dammed Missouri and Musselshell Rivers rose and fell progressively throughout the existence of the lake rather than establishing a lake surface with a stable elevation. The absence of varves, deltas and shorelines also implies an unstable lake. The changing volume of the lake implies that the Laurentide ice sheet was not stable at its southernmost position in central Montana. A continuous sequence of alternating slackwater lake sediment and lacustrine sheetflood deposits indicates that at least three advances of the Laurentide ice sheet occurred in central Montana between 20 and 11.5 ka. Between each advance, it appears that Lake Musselshell drained to the north and formed two outlet channels that are now occupied by extremely underfit streams. A third outlet formed when the water in Lake Musselshell fully breached the Larb Hills, resulting in the final drainage of the lake. The channel through the Larb Hills is now occupied by the Missouri River, implying that the present Missouri River channel east of the Musselshell River confluence was not created until the Late Wisconsin, possibly as late as 11.5 ka. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Davis, NK (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM davisn3@uc.edu NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD MAY PY 2006 VL 75 IS 3-4 BP 330 EP 345 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.07.021 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 045RU UT WOS:000237760600005 ER PT J AU Korneev, V Bakulin, A AF Korneev, Valeri Bakulin, Andrey TI On the fundamentals of the virtual source method SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The virtual source method (VSM) has been proposed as a practical approach to reduce distortions of seismic images caused by shallow, heterogeneous overburden. VSM is demanding at the acquisition stage because it requires placing downhole, geophones below the most complex part of the heterogeneous overburden. Where such acquisition is possible, however, it pays off later at the processing stage because it does not require knowledge of the velocity model above the downhole receivers. This paper demonstrates that VSM can be viewed as an application of the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral (KHI) with an experimentally measured Green's function. Direct measurement of the Green's function ensures the effectiveness of the method in highly heterogeneous subsurface conditions. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Shell Int E&P Inc, Houston, TX 77025 USA. RP Korneev, V (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM vakorneev@lbl.gov; andrey.bakulin@shell.com NR 12 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 71 IS 3 BP A13 EP A17 DI 10.1190/2196868 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 060RQ UT WOS:000238819700001 ER PT J AU Hoversten, GM Cassassuce, F Gasperikova, E Newman, GA Chen, JS Rubin, Y Hou, ZS Vasco, D AF Hoversten, G. Michael Cassassuce, Florence Gasperikova, Erika Newman, Gregory A. Chen, Jinsong Rubin, Yoram Hou, Zhangshuan Vasco, Don TI Direct reservoir parameter estimation using joint inversion of marine seismic AVA and CSEM data SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC INVERSION; PETROLEUM-EXPLORATION; MAGNETOTELLURICS; RESISTIVITY; FIELD; RESOLUTION; PRESSURE; MANTLE AB Accurately estimating reservoir parameters from geophysical data is vitally important in hydrocarbon exploration and production. We have developed a new joint-inversion algorithm to estimate reservoir parameters directly, using both seismic amplitude variation with angle of incidence (AVA) data and marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) data. Reservoir parameters are linked to geophysical parameters through a rock-properties model. Errors in the parameters of the rock-properties model introduce errors of comparable size in the reservoir-parameter estimates produced by joint inversion. Tests of joint inversion on synthetic 1D models demonstrate improved fluid saturation and porosity estimates for joint AVA-CSEM data inversion (compared with estimates from AVA or CSEM inversion alone). A comparison of inversions of AVA data, CSEM data, and joint AVA-CSEM data over the North Sea Troll field, at a location for which we have well control, shows that the joint inversion produces estimates of gas saturation. oil saturation, and porosity that are closest (as measured by the rms difference, the L-1 norm of the difference, and net values over the interval) to the logged values. However. CSEM-only inversion provides the closest estimates of water saturation. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hoversten, GM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mailstop 90-116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM GMhoversten@lbl.gov; egasperikova@lbl.gov; ganewman@lbl.gov RI Chen, Jinsong/A-1374-2009; Hou, Zhangshuan/B-1546-2014; Gasperikova, Erika/D-1117-2015; Newman, Gregory/G-2813-2015; Vasco, Donald/I-3167-2016 OI Hou, Zhangshuan/0000-0002-9388-6060; Gasperikova, Erika/0000-0003-1553-4569; Vasco, Donald/0000-0003-1210-8628 NR 40 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 12 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 71 IS 3 BP C1 EP C13 DI 10.1190/1.2194510 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 060RQ UT WOS:000238819700006 ER PT J AU Henderson-Sellers, A Fischer, M Aleinov, I McGuffie, K Riley, WJ Schmidt, GA Sturm, K Yoshimura, K Irannejad, P AF Henderson-Sellers, A Fischer, M Aleinov, I McGuffie, K Riley, WJ Schmidt, GA Sturm, K Yoshimura, K Irannejad, P TI Stable water isotope simulation by current land-surface schemes: Results of iPILPS Phase 1 SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE water isotopes; land parameterization; model intercomparison; Craig-Gordon scheme; PILPS ID MODELS; CIRCULATION; DELTA-O-18; RUNOFF; PRECIPITATION; TRANSPIRATION; PROJECT; CLIMATE; VAPOR AB Phase I of isotopes in the Project for Intercomparison of Land-surface Parameterization Schemes (iPILPS) compares the simulation of two stable water isotopologues (H-1(2) O-18 and (HH)-H-1-H-2 O-16) at the land-atmosphere interface. The simulations are offline, with forcing from an isotopically enabled regional model for three locations selected to offer contrasting climates and ecotypes: an evergreen tropical forest, a sclerophyll eucalypt forest and a mixed deciduous wood. Here, we report on the experimental framework, the quality control undertaken on the simulation results and the method of intercomparisons employed. The small number of available isotopically enabled land-surface schemes (ILSSs) limits the drawing of strong conclusions, but, despite this, there is shown to be benefit in undertaking this type of isotopic intercomparison. Although validation of isotopic simulations at the land surface must await more and much more complete, observational campaigns, we find that the empirically based Craig-Gordon parameterization (of isotopic fractionation during evaporation) gives adequately realistic isotopic simulations when incorporated in a wide range of land-surface codes. By introducing two new tools for understanding isotopic variability from the land surface, the isotope transfer function and the iPILPS plot, we show that different hydrological parameterizations cause very different isotopic responses. We show that ILSS-simulated isotopic equilibrium is independent of the total water and energy budget (with respect to both equilibration time and state), but interestingly the partitioning of available energy and water is a function of the models' complexity. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Inst Nucl Geophysiol, Lucas Hts Sci & Technol Ctr, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10025 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Sci, New York, NY 10025 USA. Univ Technol Sydney, Dept Appl Phys, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. LBNL, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 1538505, Japan. Univ Tehran, Inst Geophys, Tehran 646614155, Iran. RP Fischer, M (reprint author), Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Inst Nucl Geophysiol, Lucas Hts Sci & Technol Ctr, Private Mail Bag 1, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. EM ipilps@ansto.gov.au RI Yoshimura, Kei/F-2041-2010; Fischer, Matt/G-8160-2011; Henderson-Sellers, Ann/H-5323-2011; Sturm, Christophe/C-3055-2012; Schmidt, Gavin/D-4427-2012; Riley, William/D-3345-2015 OI Yoshimura, Kei/0000-0002-5761-1561; Fischer, Matt/0000-0002-4052-3549; Schmidt, Gavin/0000-0002-2258-0486; Riley, William/0000-0002-4615-2304 NR 30 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD MAY PY 2006 VL 51 IS 1-2 BP 34 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.01.003 PG 25 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 049TY UT WOS:000238041400004 ER PT J AU Boice, JD Leggett, RW Ellis, ED Wallace, PW Mumma, M Cohen, SS Brill, AB Chadda, B Boecker, BB Yoder, RC Eckerman, KF AF Boice, JD Leggett, RW Ellis, ED Wallace, PW Mumma, M Cohen, SS Brill, AB Chadda, B Boecker, BB Yoder, RC Eckerman, KF TI A comprehensive dose reconstruction methodology for former Rocketdyne/Atomics International radiation workers SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dose assessment; exposure; occupational; epidemiology; nuclear workers ID EXTERNAL IONIZING-RADIATION; ATOMIC-ENERGY-AUTHORITY; BRITISH NUCLEAR-FUELS; CANCER-MORTALITY; PLUTONIUM WORKERS; SELLAFIELD PLANT; HANFORD SITE; LUNG-CANCER; INDUSTRY WORKFORCES; BIOKINETIC MODEL AB Incomplete radiation exposure histories, inadequate treatment of internally deposited radionuclides, and failure to account for neutron exposures can be important uncertainties in epidemiologic studies of radiation workers. Organ-specific doses from lifetime occupational exposures and radionuclide intakes were estimated for an epidemiologic study of 5,801 Rocketdyne/Atomics International (AI) radiation workers engaged in nuclear technologies between 1948 and 1999. The entire workforce of 46,970 Rocketdyne/AI employees was identified from 35,042 Kardex work histories cards, 26,136 electronic personnel listings, and 14,189 radiation folders containing individual exposure histories. To obtain prior and subsequent occupational exposure information, the roster of all workers was matched against nationwide dosimetry riles from the Department of Energy, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the Landauer dosimetry company, the U.S. Army, and the U.S. Air Force. Dosimetry riles of other worker studies were also accessed. Computation of organ doses from radionuclide intakes was complicated by the diversity of bioassay data collected over a 40-y period (urine and fecal samples, lung counts, whole-body counts, nasal smears, and wound and incident reports) and the variety of radionuclides with documented intake including isotopes of uranium, plutonium, americium, calcium, cesium, cerium, zirconium, thorium, polonium, promethium, iodine, zinc, strontium, and hydrogen (tritium). Over 30,000 individual bioassay measurements, recorded on 11 different bioassay forms, were abstracted. The bioassay data were evaluated using tCRP biokinetic models recommended in current or upcoming ICRP documents (modified for one inhaled material to reflect site-specific information) to estimate annual doses for 16 organs or tissues taking into account time of exposure, type of radionuclide, and excretion patterns. Detailed internal exposure scenarios were developed and annual internal doses were derived on a case-by-case basis for workers with committed equivalent doses indicated by screening criteria to be greater than 10 mSv to the organ with the highest internal dose. Overall, 5,801 workers were monitored for radiation at Rocketdyne/AI: 5,743 for external exposure and 2,232 for internal intakes of radionuclides; 41,169 workers were not monitored for radiation. The mean cumulative external dose based on Rocketdyne/AI records alone was 10.0 mSv, and the dose distribution was highly skewed with most workers experiencing low cumulative doses and only a few with high doses (maximum 500 mSv). Only 45 workers received greater than 200 mSv while employed at Rocketdyne/AI. However, nearly 32% (or 1,833) of the Rocketdyne/AI workers had been monitored for radiation at other nuclear facilities and incorporation of these doses increased the mean dose to 13.5 mSv (maximum 1,005 mSv) and the number of workers with > 200 mSv to 69. For a small number of workers (n = 292), lung doses from internal radionuclide intakes were relatively high (mean 106 mSv; maximum 3,560 mSv) and increased the overall population mean dose to 19.0 mSv and the number of workers with lung dose > 200 mSv to 109. Nearly 10% of the radiation workers (584) were monitored for neutron exposures (mean 1.2 mSv) at Rocketdyne/AI, and another 2% were monitored for neutron exposures elsewhere. Interestingly, 1,477 workers not monitored for radiation at Rocketdyne/AI (3.6%) were found to have worn dosimeters at other nuclear facilities (mean external dose of 2.6 mSv, maximum 188 mSv). Without considering all sources f occupational exposure, an incorrect characterization of worker exposure would have occurred with the potential to bias epidemiologic results. For these pioneering workers in the nuclear industry, 26.5% of their total occupational dose (collective dose) was received at other facilities both prior to and after employment at Rocketdyne/AI. In addition, a small number of workers monitored for internal radionuclides contributed disproportionately to the number of workers with high lung doses. Although nearly 12% of radiation workers had been monitored for neutron exposures during their career, the cumulative dose levels were small in comparison with other external and internal exposure. Risk estimates based on nuclear worker data must be interpreted cautiously if internally deposited radionuclides and occupational doses received elsewhere are not considered. C1 Int Epidemiol Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Ingram Canc Ctr, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. Landauer Inc, Glenwood, IL USA. RP Boice, JD (reprint author), Int Epidemiol Inst, 1455 Res Blvd,Suite 550, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM john.boice@vanderbilt.edu RI Brill, Aaron/H-3732-2014 OI Brill, Aaron/0000-0001-7538-086X NR 73 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 90 IS 5 BP 409 EP 430 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000183763.02247.7e PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 033AY UT WOS:000236819700001 PM 16607174 ER PT J AU Talal, AH Ribeiro, RM Powers, KA Grace, M Cullen, C Hussain, M Markatou, M Perelson, AS AF Talal, AH Ribeiro, RM Powers, KA Grace, M Cullen, C Hussain, M Markatou, M Perelson, AS TI Pharmacodynamics of PEG-IFN alpha differentiate HIV/HCV coinfected sustained virological responders from nonresponders SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; PLUS RIBAVIRIN; PEGINTERFERON ALPHA-2A; PEGYLATED INTERFERON-ALPHA-2B; VIRAL KINETICS; DYNAMICS; HCV; GENOTYPE-1 AB Pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) has become standard therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We evaluated whether PEG-IFN pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics account for differences in treatment outcome and whether these parameters might be predictors of therapeutic outcome. Twenty-four IFN-naive, HCV/human immunodeficiency virus-coinfected patients received PEG-IFN alpha-2b (1-5 mu g/kg) once weekly plus daily ribavirin (1,000 or 1,200 mg) for up to 48 weeks. HCV RNA and PEG-IFN alpha concentrations were obtained from samples collected frequently after the first 3 PEG-IFN doses. We modeled HCV kinetics incorporating pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters. Although PEG-IFN concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters were similar in sustained virological responders (SVRs) and nonresponders (NRs), the PEG-IFN alpha-2b concentration that decreases HCV production by 50% (EC50) was lower in SVRs compared with NRs (0.04 vs. 0.45 mu g/L [P = .014]). Additionally, the median therapeutic quotient (i.e., the ratio between average PEG-IFN concentration and EC50 [(C) over bar /EC50]), and the PEG-IFN concentration at day 7 divided by EC50 (C(7)/EC50) were significantly increased in SVRs compared with NRs after the first (10.1 vs. 1.0 [P = .012], 2.8 vs. 0.3 [P = .007], respectively) and second (14.0 vs. 1.1 [P = .016], 5.4 vs. 0.4 [P = .02], respectively) PEG-IFN doses. All 3 parameters may be used to identify NRs. In conclusion, PEG-IFN concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters do not differ between SVRs and NRs. In contrast, pharmacodynamic measurements-namely EC50, the therapeutic quotient, and C(7)/EC50-are different in coinfected SVRs and NRs. These parameters might be useful predictors of treatment outcome during the first month of therapy. C1 Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Med, New York, NY 10021 USA. Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Ctr Study Hepatitis C, New York, NY 10021 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. Schering Plough Res Inst, Union, NJ USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Biostat, New York, NY USA. RP Talal, AH (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Med, 525 e 68th St,J321, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM aht2002@med.cornell.edu OI Ribeiro, Ruy/0000-0002-3988-8241 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR18754, M01-RR00047, RR06555]; NIDA NIH HHS [DA16159]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK02573] NR 38 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD MAY PY 2006 VL 43 IS 5 BP 943 EP 953 DI 10.1002/hep.21136 PG 11 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 039SM UT WOS:000237327200010 PM 16761329 ER PT J AU Kuiken, C Mizokarni, M Deleage, G Yusim, K Peni, F Shin-I, T Charaway, C Tao, N Crisan, D Grando, D Dalwani, A Geourjon, C Agraxwal, A Combet, C AF Kuiken, C Mizokarni, M Deleage, G Yusim, K Peni, F Shin-I, T Charaway, C Tao, N Crisan, D Grando, D Dalwani, A Geourjon, C Agraxwal, A Combet, C TI Hepatitis C databases, principles and utility to researchers SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRUS GENOTYPES; PROTEIN; INFECTION; HETEROGENEITY; GLYCOPROTEINS; SUBSTITUTION; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCES; HISTORY; MODEL AB Part of the effort to develop hepatitis C-specific drugs and vaccines is the study of genetic variability of all publicly available HCV sequences. Three HCV databases are currently available to aid this effort and to provide additional insight into the basic biology, immunology, and evolution of the virus. The Japanese HCV database (http://s2as02.genes.nig.ac.jp) gives access to a genomic mapping of sequences as well as their phylogenetic relationships. The European HCV database (http://euhcvdb.ibcp.fr) offers access to a computer-annotated set of sequences and molecular models of HCV proteins and focuses on protein sequence, structure and fimction analysis. The HCV database at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in the United States (http://hcv.lanl.gov) provides access to a manually annotated sequence database and a database of immunological epitopes which contains concise descriptions of experimental results. In this paper, we briefly describe each of these databases and their associated websites and tools, and give some examples of their use in furthering HCV research. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Nagoya City Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Dept Clin Mol Informat Med, Kawasumi, Mizuho Nagoya, Japan. Inst Biol & Chim Prot, CNRS, UCBL, UMR5086,IFR128 BioSci Lyon Gerland 7, Lyon, France. RP Kuiken, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Grp T10,Mail Stop K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kuiken@lanl.gov RI DELEAGE, Gilbert/F-7163-2010 NR 31 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD MAY PY 2006 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1157 EP 1165 DI 10.1002/hep.21162 PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 039SM UT WOS:000237327200033 PM 16628639 ER PT J AU Kuchar, OA Hoeft, TJ Havre, S Perrine, KA AF Kuchar, OA Hoeft, TJ Havre, S Perrine, KA TI Isn't it about time? SO IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kuchar, OA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Olga.Kuchar@pnl.gov NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0272-1716 J9 IEEE COMPUT GRAPH JI IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 80 EP 83 DI 10.1109/MCG.2006.64 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 037FY UT WOS:000237133700012 PM 16711220 ER PT J AU Wieczorek, S Chow, WW Chrostowski, L Chang-Hasnain, CJ AF Wieczorek, Sebastian Chow, Weng W. Chrostowski, Lukas Chang-Hasnain, Connie J. TI Improved semiconductor-laser dynamics from induced population pulsation SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE injection locking; modulation bandwidth; modulation response; population pulsation; relaxation oscillation; semiconductor lasers ID EXTERNAL OPTICAL-INJECTION; SMALL-SIGNAL ANALYSIS; BANDWIDTH ENHANCEMENT; MODULATION BANDWIDTH; LIGHT INJECTION; LOCKING; SUBJECT; FREQUENCY; FEEDBACK; VCSELS AB This paper investigates theoretically the modification of dynamical properties in a semiconductor laser by a strong injected signal. It is found that enhanced relaxation oscillations are governed by the pulsations of the intracavity field and population at frequencies determined by the injected field and cavity resonances. Furthermore, the. bandwidth enhancement is associated with the undamping of the injection-induced relaxation oscillation and strong population pulsation effects. There are two limitations to the modulation-bandwidth enhancement: Overdamping of relaxation oscillation and degradation of flat response at low frequencies. The injected-laser rate-equations used in the investigation reproduce the relevant aspects of modulation-bandwidth enhancement found in the experiment on injection-locked vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wieczorek, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM smwiecz@sandia.gov; wwchow@sandia.gov; lukasc@ece.ubc.ca; cch@eecs.berkeley.edu RI Chrostowski, Lukas/B-5014-2011 NR 34 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 42 IS 5-6 BP 552 EP 562 DI 10.1109/JQE.2006.874753 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 049QO UT WOS:000238031700013 ER PT J AU Petrini, F Lysne, A Brightwell, R AF Petrini, F Lysne, A Brightwell, R TI High-performance interconnects SO IEEE MICRO LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Simula Res Lab, Lysaker, Norway. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Petrini, F (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0272-1732 J9 IEEE MICRO JI IEEE Micro PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 7 EP 9 DI 10.1109/MM.2006.53 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 058FQ UT WOS:000238651300003 ER PT J AU Kistler, M Perrone, M Petrini, F AF Kistler, Michael Perrone, Michael Petrini, Fabrizio TI Cell multiprocessor communication network: Built for speed SO IEEE MICRO LA English DT Article ID DESIGN AB Multicore designs promise various power-performance and area performance benefits. But inadequate design of the on-chip communication network can deprive applications of these benefits. To illuminate this important point in multicore processor design, the authors analyze the cell processor's communication network, using a series of benchmarks involving various DMA traffic patterns and synchronization protocols. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Appl Comp Sci Grp, Computat Sci & Math Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. IBM Corp, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY USA. RP Petrini, F (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Appl Comp Sci Grp, Computat Sci & Math Div, MS K7-90, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM fabrizio.petrini@pnl.gov NR 13 TC 138 Z9 143 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0272-1732 EI 1937-4143 J9 IEEE MICRO JI IEEE Micro PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 10 EP 23 DI 10.1109/MM.2006.49 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 058FQ UT WOS:000238651300004 ER PT J AU Brightwell, R Pedretti, KT Underwood, KD Hudson, T AF Brightwell, Ron Pedretti, Kevin T. Underwood, Keith D. Hudson, Trammell TI Seastar interconnect: Balanced bandwidth for scalable performance SO IEEE MICRO LA English DT Article AB The SeaStar, a new ASIC from Cray, is a full system-on-chip design that integrates high-speed serial links, a 3D router, and traditional network interface functionality, including an embedded processor in a single chip. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brightwell, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rbbrigh@sandia.gov NR 14 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0272-1732 EI 1937-4143 J9 IEEE MICRO JI IEEE Micro PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 41 EP 57 DI 10.1109/MM.2006.65 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 058FQ UT WOS:000238651300006 ER PT J AU Nordquist, CD Dyck, CW Kraus, GM Reines, IC Goldsmith, CL Cowan, WD Plut, TA Austin, F Finnegan, PS Ballance, MH Sullivan, CT AF Nordquist, CD Dyck, CW Kraus, GM Reines, IC Goldsmith, CL Cowan, WD Plut, TA Austin, F Finnegan, PS Ballance, MH Sullivan, CT TI A DC to 10-GHz 6-b RF MEMS time delay circuit SO IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE delay circuits; microelectromechanical (MEMS) devices; microwave phase shifters; switches ID PHASE SHIFTERS; SWITCHES AB A 6-b radio frequency (RF) microelectromechanical system (MEMS) time delay circuit operating from de to 10 GHz with 393.75-ps total time delay is presented. The circuit is fabricated on 250-mu m-thick alumina and uses metal contacting RF MEMS switches to realize series-shunt SP4T switching networks. The circuit demonstrates 1.8 + / - 0.6 dB of loss at 10 GHz and has linear phase response across the entire band with accuracy of better than a least significant bit for most states. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. MEMtron Corp, Plano, TX 75075 USA. Plus Grp, Albuquerque, NM 87112 USA. L&M Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. RP Nordquist, CD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM cdnordq@sandia.gov NR 14 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1531-1309 J9 IEEE MICROW WIREL CO JI IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 16 IS 5 BP 305 EP 307 DI 10.1109/LMWC.2006.873600 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 041TK UT WOS:000237478600024 ER PT J AU Grasso, DM Choquette, KD Serkland, DK Peake, GM Geib, KM AF Grasso, DM Choquette, KD Serkland, DK Peake, GM Geib, KM TI High slope efficiency measured from a composite-resonator vertical-cavity laser SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE coupled cavity; optical link; slope efficiency ID TRANSMISSION; THRESHOLD; VCSELS; DIODE AB We report high differential slope of the light versus current (L-I) characteristic in excess of 400% external quantum efficiency from a monolithic dual resonator vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser. The additional optical cavity of the composite resonator can provide gain or loss to the distributed laser mode, depending on the bias conditions. We describe the factors contributing to the internal optical loss, and present a qualitative model for the L-I characteristic. With sufficient current injected into the top cavity, the composite-resonator vertical-cavity laser achieves over 6 W/A of differential slope efficiency from threshold to greater than 1 mW of output power, which may be applicable for analog optical data links. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Micro & Nanotechnol Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Grasso, DM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Micro & Nanotechnol Lab, 1406 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM grasso@uiuc.edu NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 18 IS 9-12 BP 1019 EP 1021 DI 10.1109/LPT.2006.873544 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 059BM UT WOS:000238708300009 ER PT J AU Shen, LX Papadakis, M Kakadiaris, IA Konstantinidis, I Kouri, D Hoffman, D AF Shen, LX Papadakis, M Kakadiaris, IA Konstantinidis, I Kouri, D Hoffman, D TI Image denoising using a tight frame SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE image denoising; tight frame; wavelets ID HIDDEN MARKOV-MODELS; WAVELET COEFFICIENTS; BIVARIATE SHRINKAGE; VANISHING MOMENTS; DOMAIN AB We present a general mathematical theory for lifting frames that allows us to modify existing filters to construct new ones that form Parseval frames. We apply our theory to design nonseparable Parseval frames from separable (tensor) products of a piecewise linear spline tight frame. These new frame systems incorporate the weighted average operator, the Sobel operator, and the Laplacian operator in directions that are integer multiples of 45 degrees. A new image denoising algorithm is then proposed, tailored to the specific properties of these new frame filters. We demonstrate the performance of our algorithm on a diverse set of images with very encouraging results. C1 Western Michigan Univ, Dept Math, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Math, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Comp Sci, Computat Biomed Lab, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Math, Norbert Wiener Ctr Harmon Anal & Applicat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Western Michigan Univ, Dept Math, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. OI Kakadiaris, Ioannis/0000-0002-0591-1079 NR 33 TC 35 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7149 EI 1941-0042 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1254 EP 1263 DI 10.1109/TIP.2005.864240 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 032WN UT WOS:000236807100019 PM 16671305 ER PT J AU Shen, MS Wang, J Joseph, A Peng, FZ Tolbert, LM Adams, DJ AF Shen, MS Wang, J Joseph, A Peng, FZ Tolbert, LM Adams, DJ TI Constant boost control of the Z-source inverter to minimize current ripple and voltage stress SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Industry-Applications-Society CY OCT 03-07, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE pulsewidth modulation (PWM); voltage boost; Z-source inverter AB This paper proposes two constant boost-control methods for the Z-source inverter, which can obtain maximum voltage gain at any given modulation index without producing any low-frequency ripple that is related to the output frequency and minimize the voltage stress at the same time. Thus, the Z-network requirement will be independent of the output frequency and determined only by the switching frequency. The relationship of voltage gain to modulation index is analyzed in detail and verified by simulation and experiments. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Ford Motor Co, Dearborn, MI 48120 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Shen, MS (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM shenmiao@msu.edu; jwang78@ford.com; josepha2@egr.msu.edu; fzpeng@egr.msu.edu; tolbert@utk.edu; adamsdj@ornl.gov RI Wang, Jin /L-8107-2016; OI Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X NR 7 TC 265 Z9 293 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 BP 770 EP 778 DI 10.1109/TIA.2006.872927 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 045LV UT WOS:000237744500016 ER PT J AU Qi, JY Huesman, RH AF Qi, JY Huesman, RH TI Theoretical study of penalized-likelihood image reconstruction for region of interest quantification SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE emission tomography; image reconstruction; maximum a posteriori; parameter estimation; penalized likelihood; quantification ID SPATIAL-RESOLUTION PROPERTIES; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; EM ALGORITHM; LESION DETECTABILITY; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; OBJECT VARIABILITY; MAP RECONSTRUCTION; NOISE PROPERTIES; FDG-PET AB Region of interest (ROI) quantification is an important task in emission tomography (e.g., positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography). It is essential for exploring clinical factors such as tumor activity, growth rate, and the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Statistical image reconstruction methods based on the penalized maximum-likelihood (PML) or maximum a posteriori principle have been developed for emission tomography to deal with the low signal-to-noise ratio of the emission data. Similar to the filter cut-off frequency in the filtered backprojection method, the regularization parameter in PML reconstruction controls the resolution and noise tradeoff and, hence, affects ROI quantification. In this paper, we theoretically analyze the performance of ROI quantification in PML reconstructions. Building on previous work, we derive simplified theoretical expressions for the bias, variance, and ensemble mean-squared-error (EMSE) of the estimated total activity in an ROI that is surrounded by a uniform background. When the mean and covariance matrix of the activity inside the ROI are known, the theoretical expressions are readily computable and allow for fast evaluation of image quality for ROI quantification with different regularization parameters. The optimum regularization parameter can then be selected to minimize the EMSE. Computer simulations are conducted for small ROIs with variable uniform uptake. The results show that the theoretical predictions match the Monte Carlo results reasonably well. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biomed Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biomed Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jqi@lbl.gov RI Qi, Jinyi/A-1768-2010 OI Qi, Jinyi/0000-0002-5428-0322 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL71253]; NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB000194-01A1, R01 EB00194, R01 EB000194, R01 EB000194-02, R01 EB000194-03, R01 EB00363] NR 39 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0278-0062 EI 1558-254X J9 IEEE T MED IMAGING JI IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging PD MAY PY 2006 VL 25 IS 5 BP 640 EP 648 DI 10.1109/TMI.2006.873223 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 038IV UT WOS:000237214000011 PM 16689267 ER PT J AU Su, GJ Hsu, JS AF Su, GJ Hsu, JS TI A five-leg inverter for driving a traction motor and a compressor motor SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Power Electronics in Transportation (WPET 2004) CY OCT 21-22, 2004 CL Novi, MI SP IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE SE Michigan Sect, Soc Automobile Engineers, IEEE Vehicular Technol Soc DE electric vehicle/hybrid electric vehicle (EV/HEV); compressor drive; EV/HEV traction drive; five-leg inverter; two-phase motor; zero-sequence current (ZSC) AB This paper presents an integrated inverter for speed control of a traction motor and a compressor motor to reduce the compressor drive cost in electric vehicle/hybrid electric vehicle applications. The inverter comprises five phase-legs; three of which are for control of a three-phase traction motor and the remaining two for a two-phase compressor motor with three terminals. The common terminal of the two-phase motor is tied to the neutral point of the three-phase traction motor to eliminate the requirement of a third phase leg. Further component reduction is made possible by sharing the switching devices, do bus filter capacitors, gate drive power supplies, and control circuit. Simulation and experimental results are included to verify that speed control of the two motors is independent from each other. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Power Elect & Elect Machinery Res Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Su, GJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Power Elect & Elect Machinery Res Ctr, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sugi@ornl.gov NR 7 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8993 J9 IEEE T POWER ELECTR JI IEEE Trans. Power Electron. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 21 IS 3 BP 687 EP 692 DI 10.1109/PEL.2006.872366 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 041TA UT WOS:000237477600014 ER PT J AU Kapre, R Ray, K Sylvestre, I Weyhermueller, T George, SD Neese, F Wieghardt, K AF Kapre, R Ray, K Sylvestre, I Weyhermueller, T George, SD Neese, F Wieghardt, K TI Molecular and electronic structures of oxo-bis(benzene-1,2-dithiolato)chromate(V) monoanions. A combined experimental and density functional study SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; ORDER REGULAR APPROXIMATION; TRANSITION-METAL COMPLEXES; CHROMIC ACID OXIDATION; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; K-EDGE; CHROMIUM(IV) OXIDATION; OXOCHROMIUM(V) CATIONS; MOLYBDENYL COMPLEXES; SULFUR LIGANDS AB Two oxo-bis(benzene- 1,2-dithiolato)chromate (V) complexes, namely, [CrO(L-Bu)(2)](1-) and [CrO(L-Me)(2)](1-), have been synthesized and studied by UV-vis, EPR, magnetic circular dichroism (MCD), and X-ray absorption spectroscopy and by X-ray crystallography; their electro- and magnetochemistries are reported. H2LBu represents the pro-ligand 3,5-di-tert-butylbenzene-1,2-dithiol, and H2LMe is the corresponding 4-methyl-benzene-1,2-dithiol. A structural feature of interest for both the complexes is the folding of the dithiolate ligands about the S-S vector providing C, symmetry to the complexes. Geometry optimizations using all-electron density functional theory with scalar relativistic corrections at the second-order Douglas-Kroll-Hess (DKH2) and zeroth-order regular approximation (ZORA) levels result in excellent agreement with the experimentally determined structures and electronic and S K-edge X-ray absorption spectra. From DFT calculations, the C-s instead of C-2 nu symmetry for the complexes is attributed to the strong S(3p) -> Cr(3dx(2)-/y(2)) pi-donation in C-s geometry providing additional stability to the complexes. C1 Max Planck Inst Bioanorgan Chem, D-45470 Mulheim, Germany. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Max Planck Inst Bioanorgan Chem, Stiftstr 34-36, D-45470 Mulheim, Germany. EM neese@mpi-muelheim.mpg.de; wieghardt@mpi-muelheim.mpg.de RI DeBeer, Serena/G-6718-2012; Weyhermuller, Thomas/G-6730-2012; Wieghardt, Karl/B-4179-2014; Neese, Frank/J-4959-2014 OI Weyhermuller, Thomas/0000-0002-0399-7999; Neese, Frank/0000-0003-4691-0547 NR 64 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 EI 1520-510X J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 9 BP 3499 EP 3509 DI 10.1021/ic051844s PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 037RU UT WOS:000237165500009 PM 16634580 ER PT J AU Gan, XM Rapko, BM Fox, J Binyamin, I Pailloux, S Duesler, EN Paine, RT AF Gan, XM Rapko, BM Fox, J Binyamin, I Pailloux, S Duesler, EN Paine, RT TI A three-dimensional framework structure constructed from 2-(2-pyridyl-N-oxide) ethylphosphonic acid and Nd(III) SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LAMELLAR LANTHANIDE PHOSPHONATES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; COMPLEXES; N,P,P'-TRIOXIDE; COMPOUND; LIGANDS; SOLIDS; IONS AB A multistep synthesis for 2-(2-pyridyl-N-oxide) ethylphosphonic acid 6-H-2 is described along with its spectroscopic (IR, NMR) data and a single-crystal X-ray diffraction structure analysis. Combination of the ligand with Nd(OH)(3) results in the formation of a complex Nd(6-H)(3). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals a three-dimensional crystal network generated by hydrogen-bonded chains along the crystallographic c axis. The hydrogen bonds are formed between phosphonic acid anion (6-H)(-1) protons on one chain and pyridyl N-oxide oxygen atoms in neighboring chains. The asymmetric unit contains 1/3[Nd(6-H)(3)] and there are two unique Nd(111) atoms, each with point symmetry. As a result, each Nd(III) ion is bound to six (6-H)(-1) ligands and the symmetry about the Nd(111) ion is octahedral with each vertex occupied by a phosphonate oxygen atom. The Nd-O bond lengths are essentially identical: Nd(1)-O(3), 2.336 (1) angstrom; Nd(2)-O(4), 2.340 (1) angstrom. The monoanionic ligand (6-H)(-1), therefore, serves to bridge the unique Nd(III) centers. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Paine, RT (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. OI Pailloux, Sylvie/0000-0001-7318-7089 NR 31 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 9 BP 3741 EP 3745 DI 10.1021/ic051937+ PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 037RU UT WOS:000237165500038 PM 16634609 ER PT J AU Tang, ZH Thom, AJ Akinc, M AF Tang, ZH Thom, AJ Akinc, M TI Role of nitrogen on the oxidative stability of Ti5Si3 based alloys at elevated temperature SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE titanium silicides; oxidation; diffusion; corrosion behavior; aerospace constructional use ID TITANIUM SILICIDE; BEHAVIOR; INTERMETALLICS; 1000-DEGREES-C; SYSTEM AB Ti5Si3 has been extensively studied as a candidate material for high temperature application due to its high melting point (2130 degrees C), low density (similar to 4.3 g/cm(3)) and excellent oxidation resistance in oxygen above 1000 degrees C. However, stoichiometric Ti5Si3 alloy experiences accelerated oxidation during exposure in air above 1000 degrees C. It was proposed that nitrogen was responsible for the increased oxidation in air. In the present study, the isothermal reaction kinetics of Ti5Si3 in nitrogen at 1000 degrees C was investigated. Compared to a slow parabolic oxidation rate in oxygen, a faster linear reaction rate was observed when Ti5Si3 is exposed to nitrogen. Further studies on the oxidation behavior for changing nitrogen/oxygen atmospheres showed that Ti5Si3 is stable for exposure up to 400 h at 1000 degrees C when the gas contained 50% N-2. Breakaway oxidation occurs after short exposures when the gas contained at least 75% N-2, and the reaction rate increased as the concentration of N-2 increased. Furthermore, tithe to breakaway oxidation decreases with the increasing nitrogen partial pressure. Extensive analysis of the oxidation products with SEM and XRD revealed that the formation and fast growth of a nitride-containing subscale interferes with the establishment of the continttotIs protective silica scale and contributes to the breakaway oxidation. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Tang, ZH (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD MAY PY 2006 VL 14 IS 5 BP 537 EP 543 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2005.09.006 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 007FW UT WOS:000234955000010 ER PT J AU Nilson, RH Tchikanda, SW Griffiths, SK Martinez, MJ AF Nilson, RH Tchikanda, SW Griffiths, SK Martinez, MJ TI Steady evaporating flow in rectangular microchannels SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE heat pipes; microfluidics; capillary flow; evaporative cooling; microgrooves ID HEAT-TRANSFER; LAMINAR-FLOW; GROOVES; LIQUID; VAPOR; MODEL; PIPE AB Analytical and numerical solutions are presented for steady evaporating flow in open microchannels having a rectangular cross section and a uniform depth. The flow, driven by the axial gradient of capillary pressure, generally consists of an entry region where the meniscus is attached to the top corners of the channel followed by a jump-like transition to a corner-flow region in which the meniscus progressively recedes into the bottom corners of the channel. Illustrative numerical solutions are used to guide the derivation of an easily applied analytical approximation for the maximum sustainable heat flux or capillary limit. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Fluid & Thermal Sci Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Multiphase Transport Proc Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nilson, RH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Fluid & Thermal Sci Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM rhnilso@sandia.gov NR 22 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 49 IS 9-10 BP 1603 EP 1618 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.11.002 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 037RL UT WOS:000237164500005 ER PT J AU Daw, CS Chakravarthy, K Conklin, JC Graves, RL AF Daw, CS Chakravarthy, K Conklin, JC Graves, RL TI Minimizing destruction of thermodynamic availability in hydrogen combustion SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE hydrogen combustion; thermodynamics; irreversibility; availability; efficiency AB We consider a conceptual isobaric combustion process that utilizes carefully controlled preheating to promote near-equilibrium combustion of hydrogen in air. Based on first and second law analyses, we demonstrate that this type of combustion could theoretically have higher retained thermodynamic availability than conventional combustion. While this specific combustion approach may not be practical, it may lead to new approaches for making hydrogen combustion a more efficient motive power source. Crown Copyright (c) 2005 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Daw, CS (reprint author), Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. EM dawcs@ornl.gov NR 8 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD MAY PY 2006 VL 31 IS 6 BP 728 EP 736 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.06.022 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 039CG UT WOS:000237277000008 ER PT J AU Lin, X Takahashi, K Campion, SL Liu, Y Gustavsen, GG Pena, LA Zamora, PO AF Lin, X Takahashi, K Campion, SL Liu, Y Gustavsen, GG Pena, LA Zamora, PO TI Synthetic peptide F2A4-K-NS mimics fibroblast growth factor-2 in vitro and is angiogenic in vivo SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE angiogenesis; F2A4-K-NS peptide; fibroblast growth factor ID ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; HEPARAN-SULFATE; RECEPTOR; FRACTURE; COMPLEX; MODEL; PROLIFERATION; INGROWTH; ACID; FGFR AB A multi-domain synthetic peptide, F2A4-K-NS, mimicked the action of recombinant human FGF-2 (rhFGF-2) in vitro and in an in vivo model of angiogenesis. Like rhFGF-2, F2A4-K-NS was quantitatively shown to bind to FGF receptors in a cell-free receptor binding assay using a chimeric FGFR1 (IIIc)/Fc as monitored by surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and also shown to bind to heparin using biotinylated low-molecular weight heparin in a similar SPR assay. In vitro, F2A4-K-NS triggered signal transduction as monitored by the stimulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation in human umbilical cord endothelial cells. In cell based assays, it increased cell migration, cell proliferation, and gelatinase secretion; endpoints associated with FGF-2 stimulation. Furthermore, these in vitro effects were mediated with quantities of F2A4-K-NS that were similar to those of rhFGF-2. In vivo, F2A4-K-NS was angiogenic at doses of 40 and 400 ng/implant in a subcutaneous implant assay as determined by morphologic scoring, hemoglobin content, and histology. These results support the hypothesis that F2A4-K-NS is a mimetic of FGF-2 that can substitute for FGF-2 in vitro and in vivo. A synthetic mimetic of FGF-2, such as F2A4-K-NS, could be a useful tool in studying mechanisms of cell activation and potentially in various therapeutic applications. C1 BioSurface Engn Technol Inc, Rockville, MD 20742 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Program Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Lin, X (reprint author), BioSurface Engn Technol Inc, 9430 Key W Ave, Rockville, MD 20742 USA. EM xlin@biosetinc.com NR 30 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU PROFESSOR D A SPANDIDOS PI ATHENS PA 1, S MERKOURI ST, EDITORIAL OFFICE,, ATHENS 116 35, GREECE SN 1107-3756 J9 INT J MOL MED JI Int. J. Mol. Med. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 17 IS 5 BP 833 EP 839 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 032WH UT WOS:000236806400020 PM 16596268 ER PT J AU Choi, SS Doble, N Hardy, JL Jones, SM Keltner, JL Olivier, SS Werner, JS AF Choi, SS Doble, N Hardy, JL Jones, SM Keltner, JL Olivier, SS Werner, JS TI In vivo imaging of the photoreceptor mosaic in retinal dystrophies and correlations with visual function SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DOMINANT RETINITIS-PIGMENTOSA; DIFFERENT LUMINANCE LEVELS; CYCLIC-GMP ACCUMULATION; CONE-ROD DEGENERATION; CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; MULTIFOCAL ELECTRORETINOGRAM; ADAPTIVE OPTICS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; DYSFUNCTION; CELLS AB PURPOSE. To relate in vivo microscopic retinal changes to visual function in patients who have various forms of retinal dystrophy. METHODS. The UC Davis Adaptive Optics (AO) fundus camera was used to acquire in vivo retinal images at the cellular level. Visual function tests consisting of visual fields, multifocal electroretinography (mfERG), and contrast sensitivity were measured in all subjects by using stimuli that were coincident with areas imaged. Five patients with different forms of retinal dystrophy and three control subjects were recruited. Cone densities were quantified for all retinal images. RESULTS. In all images of diseased retinas, there were extensive areas of dark space between groups of photoreceptors, where no cone photoreceptors were evident. These irregular features were not seen in healthy retinas, but were apparent in patients with retinal dystrophy. There were significant correlations between functional vision losses and the extent to which these irregularities, quantified by cone density, occurred in retinal images. CONCLUSIONS. AO fundus imaging is a reliable technique for assessing and quantifying the changes in the photoreceptor layer as disease progresses. Furthermore, this technique can be useful in cases where visual function tests provide borderline or ambiguous results, as it allows visualization of individual photoreceptors. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Ophthalmol & Vis Sci, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Neurol & Neurol Surg, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Iris AO Inc, Berkeley, CA USA. Posit Sci Corp, San Francisco, CA USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Choi, SS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Ophthalmol & Vis Sci, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM sschoi@ucdavis.edu FU NEI NIH HHS [R01 EY014743, EY014743, R01 EY014743-04]; NIA NIH HHS [AG04058, R01 AG004058, R37 AG004058, R37 AG004058-22] NR 52 TC 106 Z9 106 U1 1 U2 11 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 47 IS 5 BP 2080 EP 2092 DI 10.1167/iovs.05.0997 PG 13 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 041JL UT WOS:000237451100048 PM 16639019 ER PT J AU Santella, M Frederick, A Degen, C Pan, TY AF Santella, M Frederick, A Degen, C Pan, TY TI The use of friction-stir technology to modify the surfaces of AM60B magnesium die castings SO JOM LA English DT Article ID ALLOY; AZ31B C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Rapid City, SD USA. Ford Motor Co, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. RP Santella, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM santellaml@ornl.gov NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD MAY PY 2006 VL 58 IS 5 BP 56 EP 61 DI 10.1007/s11837-006-0025-9 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 040VZ UT WOS:000237410300009 ER PT J AU Agnew, SR Senn, JW Horton, JA AF Agnew, SR Senn, JW Horton, JA TI Mg sheet metal forming: Lessons learned from deep drawing Li and Y solid-solution alloys SO JOM LA English DT Article ID WROUGHT MAGNESIUM ALLOYS; NONBASAL SLIP; DEFORMATION; MICROSTRUCTURES; EXTRUSION; DUCTILITY; AZ31 AB The sheet formability of current magnesium alloys at ambient temperatures is poor; however, the formability at moderately elevated temperatures can be excellent. Cylindrical cup drawing tests are used to compare the warm forming characteristics of conventional alloy AZ31B with alloys containing lithium or yttrium solid solutions. While both types of experimental alloy can have better room-temperature ductility (epsilon(f)similar to 25-30%) than AZ31B, only the lithium alloy has comparable or better deep-drawing capacity The results are discussed in terms of the sheet anisotropy Particular attention is drawn to the fact that magnesium alloys exhibit poor bending ductility due to their anisotropy and mechanical twinning-induced tension-compression strength asymmetry. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Agnew, SR (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM agnew@virginia.edu NR 32 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 10 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD MAY PY 2006 VL 58 IS 5 BP 62 EP 69 DI 10.1007/s11837-006-0026-8 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 040VZ UT WOS:000237410300010 ER PT J AU Mainelis, G Masquelier, DA Willeke, K Makarewicz, A Dzenitis, J Milanovich, FP AF Mainelis, G Masquelier, DA Willeke, K Makarewicz, A Dzenitis, J Milanovich, FP TI Performance of a compact air-to-liquid aerosol collector with high concentration rate SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aerosal collector; collection efficiency; biodetection AB This research investigates the physical collection characteristics of a novel and compact (combined dimensions similar to 2.5 l) air-to-liquid aerosol collector recently developed by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. In this collector, the air flow is drawn into an annular, centripetal slot, which directs the aerosol flow into a small volume of liquid at the sampler's center, thereby imbedding airborne particles in the liquid. A mist eliminator positioned above the liquid prevents liquid droplets from escaping the sampler thus improving its performance. We found that the sampler's collection efficiency increases with decreasing width of the annular slot, and with increasing flow rate, mist eliminator speed and sample volume. When operating at a flow rate of 275 l/min and collecting particles into 1 ml of liquid, the sampler can achieve concentration rates as high as 275,000/min. We also determined that by changing the sampler's operational parameters we can move its collection efficiency curve over a wide range of particle sizes, thus adjusting the sampler's cutoff size from 0.45 mu m to 2.1 mu m. The sampler's small size and its high collection performance make it suitable for many biodetection strategies. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Mainelis, G (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, 14 Coll Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM mainelis@envsci.rutgers.edu RI Mainelis, Gediminas/A-9340-2013 OI Mainelis, Gediminas/0000-0002-5837-0413 NR 9 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 37 IS 5 BP 645 EP 657 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2005.06.004 PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 047YK UT WOS:000237914400006 ER PT J AU Jackman, R Everest, DJ Schmerr, MJ Khawaja, M Keep, P Docherty, J AF Jackman, R Everest, DJ Schmerr, MJ Khawaja, M Keep, P Docherty, J TI Evaluation of a preclinical blood test for scrapie in sheep using immunocapillary electrophoresis SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; FLUORESCENT-LABELED PEPTIDES; AFFECTED SUFFOLK SHEEP; DISEASE-SPECIFIC PRP; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; PRION PROTEIN; NATURAL SCRAPIE; LYMPHOID-TISSUE; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; INFECTED SHEEP AB An analytical method is described for detection of endogenous disease-associated prion protein in the buffy coat fraction from the blood of sheep infected with scrapie. The method has been improved and evaluated for its performance in the preclinical diagnosis of ovine transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. The test system uses a protocol for sample preparation that includes extraction and concentration and a test method that uses a liquid-phase competitive immunoassay for prion protein. Antibodies directed to a peptide sequence at the C-terminus of the prion protein (PrP) and a fluorescein-labeled peptide conjugate are used in the assay. Free zone capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence for detection is used to separate the antibody-bound fluorescently labeled peptide and free labeled peptide. In this assay, the PrP competes with the fluorescently labeled peptide for limited antibody binding sites, which results in a reduction of the peak representing the immunocomplex of the antibody bound to the fluorescently labeled peptide. When blood samples from scrapie-infected sheep aged 7-12 months and of the scrapie-susceptible PrP genotypes VRQ/VRQ and VRQ/ARQ were analyzed, the abnormal PrP was found in blood samples. These results correlated with the post-mortem diagnosis of scrapie. The sheep were preclinical and appeared normal at the time of testing but later died with clinical disease approximately 12 months after testing. In older animals, and those with clinical signs, a smaller percentage of animals tested positive. This study has demonstrated that this technology can be used as a sensitive, rapid preclinical test to detect the disease-associated PrP in the blood of scrapie-infected sheep. Improvements in the extraction protocol and capillary electrophoresis conditions will enhance the robustness of this test. C1 Iowa State Univ, US Dept Energy, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Vet Labs Agcy, Immunochem Grp, Addlestone KT15 3NB, Surrey, England. RP Schmerr, MJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US Dept Energy, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mschmerr@ameslab.gov RI everest, david/E-1575-2011; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010 NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 89 IS 3 BP 720 EP 727 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 048XP UT WOS:000237980100016 PM 16792071 ER PT J AU Clark, TT Zhou, Y AF Clark, TT Zhou, Y TI Growth rate exponents of Richtmyer-Meshkov mixing layers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th ASME/JSME Joint Fluids Engineering Conference CY JUL 06-10, 2003 CL Honolulu, HI SP ASME, JSME ID GRID-GENERATED TURBULENCE; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR; ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; SCALE STRUCTURE; DECAY; ACCELERATION; INSTABILITY; SIMILARITY; DEPENDENCE; FLOWS AB The Richtmyer-Meshkov mixing layer is initiated by the passing of a shock over all interface between fluid of differing densities. The energy deposited during the shock passage undergoes a relaxation process during which the fluctuational energy ill the flow field decays and the spatial gradients of the flow field decrease in time. This late stage of Richtmyer-Meshkov mixing layers is studied from the viewpoint of self-similarity. Analogies with weakly anisotropic turbulence suggest that both the bubble-side and spike-side widths of the mixing layer should evolve as power-laws in time, with the same power-law exponent and virtual time origin for both sides. The analogy also bounds the power-law exponent between 2/7 and 1/2. It is then shown that the assumption of identical power-law exponents for bubbles and spikes yields fits that are ill good agreement with experiment at modest density ratios. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Clark, TT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 3 BP 461 EP 468 DI 10.1115/1.2164510 PG 8 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 044ME UT WOS:000237675800015 ER PT J AU Margolin, LG Smolarkiewicz, PK Wyszogradzki, AA AF Margolin, LG Smolarkiewicz, PK Wyszogradzki, AA TI Dissipation in implicit turbulence models: A computational study SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th ASME/JSME Joint Fluids Engineering Conference CY JUL 06-10, 2003 CL Honolulu, HI SP ASME, JSME ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; FLOWS; SPECTRA AB We describe a series of computational experiments that employ nonoscillatory finite volume methods to stimulate the decay of high Reynolds number turbulence. These experiments cover a broad range of physical viscosities and numerical resolutions. We have extracted a data set from these experiments detailing the energy dissipation by physical viscosity and by the numerical algorithm. We offer a preliminary analysis of this data, including new insights into the (computational) transition between direct numerical simulation and large eddy simulation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Space Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Margolin, LG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM len@lenl.gov; smolar@ucar.edu; wyszog@lanl.gov RI Wyszogrodzki, Andrzej/M-1772-2014 NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 3 BP 469 EP 473 DI 10.1115/1.2176749 PG 5 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 044ME UT WOS:000237675800016 ER PT J AU Triantafyllidis, N Nestorovic, MD Schraad, MW AF Triantafyllidis, N Nestorovic, MD Schraad, MW TI Failure surfaces for finitely strained two-phase periodic solids under general in-plane loading SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th ASME/JSME Joint Fluids Engineering Conference CY JUL 06-10, 2003 CL Honolulu, HI SP ASME, JSME ID STABILITY; HOMOGENIZATION; BIFURCATION; COMPOSITES; MECHANISMS; CONVEXITY; RUBBERS AB For ductile solids with periodic microstructures (e.g., honeycombs, fiber-reinforced composites, cellular solids) which are loaded primarily in compression, their ultimate failure is related to the onset of a buckling mode. Consequently for periodic solids of infinite extent, one can define as the onset of failure the first occurrence of a bifurcation in the fundamental solution, for which all cells deform identically. By following all possible loading paths in strain or stress space, one can construct onset-of-failure surfaces for finitely strained, rate-independent solids with arbitrary microstructures. The calculations required are based on a Bloch wave analysis on the deformed unit cell. The presentation of the general theory is followed by the description of a numerical algorithm which reduces the size of stability matrices by an order of magnitude, thus improving the computational efficiency for the case of continuum unit cells. The theory is subsequently applied to porous and particle-reinforced hyperelastic solids with circular inclusions of variable stiffness. The corresponding failure surfaces in strain-space, the wavelength of the instabilities, and their dependence on micro-geometry and macroscopic loading conditions are presented and discussed. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Triantafyllidis, N (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 15 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 17 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 3 BP 505 EP 515 DI 10.1115/1.2126695 PG 11 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 044ME UT WOS:000237675800020 ER PT J AU Darby, LS Allwine, KJ Banta, RM AF Darby, LS Allwine, KJ Banta, RM TI Nocturnal low-level jet in a mountain basin complex. Part II: Transport and diffusion of tracer under stable conditions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER LIDAR; FLOWS; DISPERSION; VALLEY; CANYON; CAMPAIGN; TERRAIN AB Differences in nighttime transport and diffusion of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer in an urban complex-terrain setting ( Salt Lake City, Utah) are investigated using surface and Doppler lidar wind data and large-scale surface pressure differences. Interacting scales of motion, as studied through the URBAN 2000 field program combined with the Vertical Transport and Mixing (VTMX) experiment, explained the differences in the tracer behavior during three separate intensive operating periods. With an emphasis on nighttime stable boundary layer conditions, these field programs were designed to study flow features responsible for the nighttime transport of airborne substances. This transport has implications for air quality, homeland security, and emergency response if the airborne substances are hazardous. The important flow features investigated included thermally forced canyon and slope flows and a low-level jet (LLJ) that dominated the basin-scale winds when the surface pressure gradient was weak. The presence of thermally forced flows contributed to the complexity and hindered the predictability of the tracer motion within and beyond the city. When organized thermally forced flows were present, the tracer tended to stay closer to the city for longer periods of time, even though a strong basin-scale LLJ did develop. When thermally forced flows were short lived or absent, the basin-scale low-level jet dominated the wind field and enhanced the transport of tracer material out of the city. C1 NOAA, CSD3, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Darby, LS (reprint author), NOAA, CSD3, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lisa.darby@noaa.gov RI Darby, Lisa/A-8037-2009; Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Darby, Lisa/0000-0003-1271-0643; NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 45 IS 5 BP 740 EP 753 DI 10.1175/JAM2367.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 055GF UT WOS:000238437400006 ER PT J AU Bruzzi, M Menichelli, D Scaringella, M Harkonen, J Tuovinen, E Li, Z AF Bruzzi, Mara Menichelli, David Scaringella, Monica Harkonen, Jaakko Tuovinen, Esa Li, Zheng TI Thermal donors formation via isothermal annealing in magnetic Czochralski high resistivity silicon SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HEAT-TREATED SILICON; TRANSIENT SPECTROSCOPY; MICROSTRIP DETECTORS; IRRADIATED SILICON; SHALLOW LEVELS; POOLE-FRENKEL; DEEP LEVELS; SEMICONDUCTORS; STATES; MECHANISM AB A quantitative study about the thermal activation of oxygen related thermal donors in high resistivity p-type magnetic Czochralski silicon has been carried out. Thermal donor formation has been performed through isothermal annealing at 430 degrees C up to a total time of 120 min. Space charge density after each annealing step has been measured by transient current technique. The localized energy levels related to thermal double donors (TD) have been observed and studied in details by thermally stimulated currents (TSCs) in the range of 10-70 K, and activation energies E and effective cross sections sigma have been determined for both the emissions TD0/+ (E=75 +/- 5 meV, sigma=4x10(-14) cm(2)) and TD+/+ (E=170 +/- 5 meV, sigma=2x10(-12) cm(2)). The evolution of the space charge density caused by annealing has been unambiguously related to the activation of TDs by means of current deep level transient spectroscopy TSC, and current transients at constant temperature i(t,T). Our results show that TDs compensate the initial boron doping, eventually provoking the sign inversion of the space charge density. TD's generation rate has been found to be linear with the annealing time and to depend critically on the initial interstitial oxygen concentration, in agreement with previous models developed on low resistivity silicon. (C) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Florence, INFN Firenze, I-50139 Florence, Italy. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Energet, I-50139 Florence, Italy. Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bruzzi, M (reprint author), Univ Florence, INFN Firenze, Via S Marta 3, I-50139 Florence, Italy. EM mara.bruzzi@unifi.it RI Bruzzi, Mara/K-1326-2015 OI Bruzzi, Mara/0000-0001-7344-8365 NR 43 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 9 AR 093706 DI 10.1063/1.2192307 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 044OV UT WOS:000237682900048 ER PT J AU Harris, JR Neumann, JG O'Shea, PG AF Harris, JR Neumann, JG O'Shea, PG TI Governing factors for production of photoemission-modulated electron beams SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT; RING AB Charged particle beams normally contain a complicated pulse shape structure when created. This structure is created by particular equipment and techniques such as high bandwidth laser systems driving photocathodes, and may drive effects that degrade beam quality or produce coherent electromagnetic radiation. While often encountered, such structure is generally poorly diagnosed and difficult to control. To study the effects of pulse shape structure in intense beams, we have developed a system using combined thermionic emission and photoemission to produce carefully tailored pulse shapes in an electron beam. In this paper, we discuss the performance of this system and derive limiting curves to explain the range of electron beam pulse shapes measured with it. Suggestions for improved design of future photomodulation systems are also made. (C) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Harris, JR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM harris89@llnl.gov NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 9 AR 093306 DI 10.1063/1.2192947 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 044OV UT WOS:000237682900019 ER PT J AU Sarkisov, GS Woodworth, JR AF Sarkisov, GS Woodworth, JR TI Measurement of the current in water discharge using magneto-optical Faraday effect SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID UNDERDENSE PREFORMED PLASMA; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; DYNAMICS AB The observation of magnetooptical Faraday effects in water in experiments with electrical breakdown is presented. After high-voltage breakdown, the ionized channel with similar to 4 kA current was generated. The magnetic field from the current channel induces a circular birefringence which results in rotation of the polarization plane of a probing laser (200 ps, 532 nm). In spite of fast opposite radius drop of the magnetic field in radial direction, the Faraday rotation effect drops very slowly. The rotation of the polarization plane was similar to 0.65 degrees +/- 5%. The optical measurements are in good agreement within similar to 7% with the electrical measurements of the current. (C) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sarkisov, GS (reprint author), Ktech Corp Inc, 1300 Eubank Blvd, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM gssarki@sandia.gov NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 9 AR 093307 DI 10.1063/1.2197036 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 044OV UT WOS:000237682900020 ER PT J AU Piepel, GF AF Piepel, GF TI A note comparing component-slope, Scheffe and Cox parameterizations of the linear mixture experiment model SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE mixture component effects; Scheffe; linear mixture model; Cox linear mixture model; component-slope linear mixture model AB A mixture experiment involves combining two or more components in various proportions and collecting data on one or more responses. A linear mixture model may adequately represent the relationship between a response and mixture component proportions and be useful in screening the mixture components. The Scheffe and Cox parameterizations of the linear mixture model are commonly used for analyzing mixture experiment data. With the Scheffe parameterization, the fitted coefficient for a component is the predicted response at that pure component (i.e. single-component mixture). With the Cox parameterization, the fitted coefficient for a mixture component is the predicted difference in response at that pure component and at a pre-specified reference composition. This article presents a new component-slope parameterization, in which the fitted coefficient for a mixture component is the predicted slope of the linear response surface along the direction determined by that pure component and at a pre-specified reference composition. The component-slope, Scheffe, and Cox parameterizations of the linear mixture model are compared and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Piepel, GF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM greg.piepel@pnl.gov NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0266-4763 J9 J APPL STAT JI J. Appl. Stat. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 33 IS 4 BP 397 EP 403 DI 10.1080/02664760500449170 PG 7 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 038LK UT WOS:000237221300003 ER PT J AU Long, CN Sabburg, JM Calbo, J Pages, D AF Long, CN Sabburg, JM Calbo, J Pages, D TI Retrieving cloud characteristics from ground-based daytime color all-sky images SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IRRADIANCE; SKIES; SURFACE; SIMULATIONS AB A discussion is presented of daytime sky imaging and techniques that may be applied to the analysis of full-color sky images to infer cloud macrophysical properties. Descriptions of two different types of sky-imaging systems developed by the authors are presented, one of which has been developed into a commercially available instrument. Retrievals of fractional sky cover from automated processing methods are compared to human retrievals, both from direct observations and visual analyses of sky images. Although some uncertainty exists in fractional sky cover retrievals from sky images, this uncertainty is no greater than that attached to human observations for the commercially available sky-imager retrievals. Thus, the application of automatic digital image processing techniques on sky images is a useful method to complement, or even replace, traditional human observations of sky cover and, potentially, cloud type. Additionally, the possibilities for inferring other cloud C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Radiat Measurement Program, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ So Queensland, Fac Sci, Dept Biol & Phys Sci, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. Univ Girona, Dept Phys, Girona, Spain. Univ Girona, Inst Environm, Girona, Spain. RP Long, CN (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Radiat Measurement Program, POB 999,MSIN K9-38, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Chuck.Long@pnl.gov RI Calbo, Josep/K-2462-2014 OI Calbo, Josep/0000-0002-9374-0790 NR 28 TC 126 Z9 133 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 23 IS 5 BP 633 EP 652 DI 10.1175/JTECH1875.1 PG 20 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 060EM UT WOS:000238785200001 ER PT J AU Han, CS Xie, G Challacombe, JF Altherr, MR Bhotika, SS Bruce, D Campbell, CS Campbell, ML Chen, J Chertkov, O Cleland, C Dimitrijevic, M Doggett, NA Fawcett, JJ Glavina, T Goodwin, LA Hill, KK Hitchcock, P Jackson, PJ Keim, P Kewalramani, AR Longmire, J Lucas, S Malfatti, S McMurry, K Meincke, LJ Misra, M Moseman, BL Mundt, M Munk, AC Okinaka, RT Parson-Quintana, B Reilly, LP Richardson, P Robinson, DL Rubin, E Saunders, E Tapia, R Tesmer, JG Thayer, N Thompson, LS Tice, H Ticknor, LO Wills, PL Brettin, TS Gilna, P AF Han, CS Xie, G Challacombe, JF Altherr, MR Bhotika, SS Bruce, D Campbell, CS Campbell, ML Chen, J Chertkov, O Cleland, C Dimitrijevic, M Doggett, NA Fawcett, JJ Glavina, T Goodwin, LA Hill, KK Hitchcock, P Jackson, PJ Keim, P Kewalramani, AR Longmire, J Lucas, S Malfatti, S McMurry, K Meincke, LJ Misra, M Moseman, BL Mundt, M Munk, AC Okinaka, RT Parson-Quintana, B Reilly, LP Richardson, P Robinson, DL Rubin, E Saunders, E Tapia, R Tesmer, JG Thayer, N Thompson, LS Tice, H Ticknor, LO Wills, PL Brettin, TS Gilna, P TI Pathogenomic sequence analysis of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis isolates closely related to Bacillus anthracis SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VEGETATIVE INSECTICIDAL PROTEIN; MICROBIAL GENE IDENTIFICATION; LENGTH POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; PESTICIDAL CRYSTAL PROTEINS; GENOME SEQUENCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DNA-SEQUENCES; TOXIN GENES; EXPRESSION; MICE AB Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus thuringiensis are closely related gram-positive, spore-forming bacteria of the B. cereus sensu lato group. While independently derived strains of B. anthracis reveal conspicuous sequence homogeneity, environmental isolates of B. cereus and B. thuringiensis exhibit extensive genetic diversity. Here we report the sequencing and comparative analysis of the genomes of two members of the B. cereus group, B. thuringiensis 97-27 subsp. konkukian serotype H34, isolated from a necrotic human wound, and B. cereus E33L, which was isolated from a swab of a zebra carcass in Namibia. These two strains, when analyzed by amplified fragment length polymorphism within a collection of over 300 of B. cereus, B. thuringiensis, and B. anthracis isolates, appear closely related to B. anthracis. The B. cereus E33L isolate appears to be the nearest relative to B. anthracis identified thus far. Whole-genome sequencing of B. thuringiensis 97-27 and B. cereus E33L was undertaken to identify shared and unique genes among these isolates in comparison to the genomes of pathogenic strains B. anthracis Ames and B. cereus G9241 and nonpathogenic strains B. cereus ATCC 10987 and B. cereus ATCC 14579. Comparison of these genomes revealed differences in terms of virulence, metabolic competence, structural components, and regulatory mechanisms. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Biosci Div, Joint Genome Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Prod Genome Facil, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Challacombe, JF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Biosci Div, Joint Genome Inst, MS M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jchalla@lanl.gov RI Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010; Gilna, Paul/I-3608-2016; OI Gilna, Paul/0000-0002-6542-0191; Ticknor, Lawrence/0000-0002-7967-7908; xie, gary/0000-0002-9176-924X NR 41 TC 134 Z9 1282 U1 5 U2 51 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 188 IS 9 BP 3382 EP 3390 DI 10.1128/JB.188.9.3382-3390.2006 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 037TX UT WOS:000237171200027 PM 16621833 ER PT J AU Weinmuller, C Langel, C Fornasiero, F Radke, CJ Prausnitz, JM AF Weinmuller, C Langel, C Fornasiero, F Radke, CJ Prausnitz, JM TI Sorption kinetics and equilibrium uptake for water vapor in soft-contact-lens hydrogels SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A LA English DT Article DE water-vapor sorption and diffusion; absorption/desorption hysteresis; clustering; soft contact lens ID SELF-DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT; POLYMER-SOLVENT SYSTEMS; POSTLENS TEAR FILM; T-2 RELAXATION; POLY(2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE); NMR MEASUREMENTS; TRANSPORT; MEMBRANES; MOBILITY; BLENDS AB A gravimetric-sorption technique was used to obtain kinetic and equilibrium adsorption/desorption data for water vapor in four different soft-contact-lens (SCL) polymers at 35 degrees C. The SCL materials are a conventional hydrogel (polymacon) with a low water content at saturation (< 50 wt %); two conventional hydrogels (hilafilcon A and alphafilcon A) with a high water content at saturation (> 50 wt %); and a siloxane hydrogel (balafilcon A). Absorption and desorption equilibrium isotherms (water activity versus water weight fraction) overlap at high water contents, whereas significant hysteresis is observed at low water contents. The hysteresis loop is likely due to trapping of water in the polymer during the desorption process because of a rubber-to-glass transition of the SCL-film surfaces. Sorption data were interpreted using Flory-Rehner theory. The positive Zimm and Lundberg cluster function suggests that water tends to cluster in these SCL materials, except at very low water content. For polymacon and hilafilcon A, Fickian diffusion is observed for all activities for both water sorption and desorption. However, for alphafilcon A and balafilcon A, non-Fickian features appear at intermediate/low activities, in particular during water desorption, suggesting coupling of the diffusion process with polymer-matrix relaxation. The diffusion coefficient increases significantly with water concentration for polymacon and hilafilcon A (from similar to 0.3 X 10(-8) to 4.0 X 10(-8) cm(2)/s) because of augmented mixture free volume induced by water sorption, whereas a more complex composition dependence is observed for alphafilcon A and balafilcon A probably as consequence of a combined effect of polymer relaxation, plasticization, and water clustering. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Prausnitz, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM prausnit@cchem.berkeley.edu RI Fornasiero, Francesco/I-3802-2012 NR 66 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 20 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1549-3296 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES A JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A PD MAY PY 2006 VL 77A IS 2 BP 230 EP 241 DI 10.1002/jbm.a.30598 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 029LB UT WOS:000236562800003 PM 16392136 ER PT J AU Xiao, XC Wang, J Liu, C Carlisle, JA Mech, B Greenberg, R Guven, D Freda, R Humayun, MS Weiland, J Auciello, O AF Xiao, XC Wang, J Liu, C Carlisle, JA Mech, B Greenberg, R Guven, D Freda, R Humayun, MS Weiland, J Auciello, O TI In vitro and in vivo evaluation of ultrananocrystalline diamond for coating of implantable retinal microchips SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE ultrananocrystalline diamond; hermetic coating; implantable retinal microchips; electrochemistry; leakage current; biocompatibility; bioinertness ID FILMS; MICROSTRUCTURE AB In this work, ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) thin films were evaluated for use as hermetic and bioinert coatings for a retinal microchip. These films were deposited on highly conductive Si substrates at different temperatures (from 400 to 800 degrees C), using microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition with argon-rich Ar/CH(4) gas mixtures and different relative amounts of hydrogen (0-20%). Scanning electron microscopy studies showed that all the films are dense and continuous. Results of cyclic voltammetry test revealed that when there was < 2% of hydrogen in the plasma, the film obtained renders the surface electrochemically inactive, with very low leakage currents (similar to 4 X 10(-7) A/cm(2) at +/- 5 V). In addition, in vivo tests of the UNCD-coated Si samples were performed by implanting them in the eyes of rabbits for 4-6 months within the eye physiological environment. According to all these results, it was concluded that UNCD is a promising candidate for use as the encapsulating coatings for implantable retinal microelectronic devices. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Doheny Eye Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. RP Auciello, O (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM auciello@anl.gov NR 19 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4973 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES B JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 77B IS 2 BP 273 EP 281 DI 10.1002/jbm.b.30448 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 036UK UT WOS:000237101000009 PM 16245292 ER PT J AU Ghan, SJ Shippert, T AF Ghan, SJ Shippert, T TI Physically based global downscaling: Climate change projections for a full century SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; TIME-SLICE; OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; UNITED-STATES; ICE SHEETS; SIMULATION; SCENARIOS; SCHEMES AB A global atmosphere-land model with an embedded subgrid orography scheme is used to simulate the period 1977-2100 rising ocean surface conditions and radiative constituent concentrations for a climate change scenario. Climate variables simulated for multiple elevation classes are mapped according to a high-resolution elevation dataset in 10 regions with complex terrain. Analysis of changes in the simulated climate leads to the following conclusions. Changes in surface air temperature and precipitation differ from region to region in a manner similar to simulations without the subgrid scheme. Subgrid elevation contributes little to spatial variability of the change in temperature and the relative change in precipitation. In some regions somewhat greater warming occurs at higher elevations because of the same tendency in the free troposphere. but in others greater warming occurs near the melting level where snow albedo feedback amplifies the warming. Changes in snow water are highly dependent on altitude because of its nonlinear dependence on changes in the melting level. Absolute changes usually increase with altitude because more snow is currently available for depletion, but for extremely cold conditions the simulated warming is insufficient to increase melting. Relative changes in snow water always decrease with altitude as the likelihood that a warming will enhance melting or change the phase of precipitation decreases with decreasing temperature at higher altitudes. In places where snow accumulates, an artificial upper bound on snow water (which is required in any climate model that does not treat lateral snow transport) limits the sensitivity of snow water to climate change considerably. The simulated impact of climate change on regional mean snow water varies widely, with little impact in regions in which the upper bound on snow water is the dominant snow-water sink, moderate impact in regions with a mixture of seasonal and pemanent snow. and profound relative impacts on regions with little permanent snow. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ghan, SJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mail Stop K9-30,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM steve.ghan@pnl.gov RI Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011 OI Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699 NR 38 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 19 IS 9 BP 1589 EP 1604 DI 10.1175/JCLI3701.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 043US UT WOS:000237628300001 ER PT J AU Ovtchinnikov, M Ackerman, T Marchand, R Khairoutdinov, M AF Ovtchinnikov, M Ackerman, T Marchand, R Khairoutdinov, M TI Evaluation of the multiscale modeling framework using data from the atmospheric radiation measurement program SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY CLIMATE MODEL; CLOUD-RESOLVING MODEL; SYSTEM MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATIONS AB in a recently developed approach to climate modeling, called the multiscale modeling framework (MMF), a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model (CRM) is embedded into each grid column of the Community Atmospheric Model (CAM), replacing traditional cloud and radiation parameterizations. This study presents an evaluation of the MMF through a comparison of its output with the output from the CAM and with data from two observational sites operated by the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program, one at the Southern Great Plains (SGP) in Oklahoma and one at the island of Nauru in the tropical western Pacific (TWP) region. Two sets of one-year-long simulations are considered: one using climatological sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and another using 1999 SST. Each set includes a run with the MMF as well as a CAM run with traditional or standard cloud and radiation treatments. Time series of cloud fraction, precipitation intensity, and downwelling solar radiation flux at the surface are analyzed. For the TWP site, the distributions of these variables from the MMF run are shown to be more consistent with observation than those from the CAM run. This change is attributed to the improved representation of convective clouds in the MMF compared to the conventional climate model. For the SGP, the MMF shows little to no improvement in predicting the same quantities. Possible causes of this lack of improvement are discussed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Ovtchinnikov, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mikhail@pnl.gov NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 19 IS 9 BP 1716 EP 1729 DI 10.1175/JCLI3699.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 043US UT WOS:000237628300008 ER PT J AU D'Yachkov, AG Macula, AJ Pogozelski, WK Renz, TE Rykov, VV Torney, DC AF D'Yachkov, AG Macula, AJ Pogozelski, WK Renz, TE Rykov, VV Torney, DC TI New t-gap insertion-deletion-like metrics for DNA hybridization thermodynamic modeling SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insertion-deletion; common subsequence; DNA hybridization; DNA code; nearest neighbor thermodynamics; stacked pairs; weighted sequences; t-gap block isomorphic subsequences ID CODES; DESIGN AB We discuss the concept of t-gap block isomorphic subsequences and use it to describe new abstract string metrics that are similar to the Levenshtein insertion-deletion metric. Some of the metrics that we define can be used to model a thermodynamic distance function on single-stranded DNA sequences. Our model captures a key aspect of the nearest neighbor thermodynamic model for hybridized DNA duplexes. One version of our metric gives the maximum number of stacked pairs of hydrogen bonded nucleotide base pairs that can be present in any secondary structure in a hybridized DNA duplex without pseudoknots. Thermodynamic distance functions are important components in the construction of DNA codes, and DNA codes are important components in biomolecular computing, nanotechnology, and other biotechnical applications that employ DNA hybridization assays. We show how our new distances can be calculated by using a dynamic programming method, and we derive a Varshamov-Gilbert-like lower bound on the size of some of codes using these distance functions as constraints. We also discuss software implementation of our DNA code design methods. C1 IFTC, AF Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Probabil Theory, Moscow 119899, Russia. SUNY Coll Geneseo, Dept Chem, Geneseo, NY 14454 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Math, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Macula, AJ (reprint author), IFTC, AF Res Lab, Rome Res Site, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM macula@geneseo.edu NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1066-5277 J9 J COMPUT BIOL JI J. Comput. Biol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 4 BP 866 EP 881 DI 10.1089/cmb.2006.13.866 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 055YT UT WOS:000238488000002 PM 16761916 ER PT J AU Morel, JE Adams, BT Noh, T McGhee, JM Evans, TM Urbatsch, TJ AF Morel, JE Adams, BT Noh, T McGhee, JM Evans, TM Urbatsch, TJ TI Spatial discretizations for self-adjoint forms of the radiative transfer equations SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE thermal radiation transport; self-adjoint equations; finite-elements ID MULTIGROUP NEUTRON-TRANSPORT; EVEN-PARITY; ANISOTROPIC SCATTERING; APPROXIMATION; GEOMETRY AB There are three commonly recognized second-order self-adjoint forms of the neutron transport equation: the even-parity equations, the odd-parity equations, and the self-adjoint angular flux equations. Because all of these equations contain second-order spatial derivatives and are self-adjoint for the mono-energetic case, standard continuous finite-element discretization techniques have proved quite effective when applied to the spatial variables. We first derive analogs of these equations for the case of time-dependent radiative transfer. The primary unknowns for these equations are functions of the angular intensity rather than the angular flux, hence the analog of the self-adjoint angular flux equation is referred to as the self-adjoint angular intensity equation. Then we describe a general, arbitrary-order, continuous spatial finite-element approach that is applied to each of the three equations in conjunction with backward-Euler differencing in time. We refer to it as the "standard" technique. We also introduce an alternative spatial discretization scheme for the self-adjoint angular intensity equation that requires far fewer unknowns than the standard method, but appears to give comparable accuracy. Computational results are given that demonstrate the validity of both of these discretization schemes. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Zachry Engn Ctr 129, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Hongik Univ, Dept Math, Seoul, South Korea. Transpire Technol, Gig Harbor, WA 98335 USA. RP Morel, JE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Zachry Engn Ctr 129, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM morel@tamu.edu NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 214 IS 1 BP 12 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2005.09.017 PG 29 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 027LP UT WOS:000236417400002 ER PT J AU Chapman, BD Checco, A Pindak, R Slegrist, T Kloc, C AF Chapman, BD Checco, A Pindak, R Slegrist, T Kloc, C TI Dislocations and grain boundaries in semiconducting rubrene single-crystals SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE defects; X-ray topography; growth from vapor; organic compounds; semiconducting materials ID ORGANIC TRANSISTORS; TOPOGRAPHY; TRANSPORT; DEFECTS; GROWTH AB Assessing the fundamental limits of the charge carrier mobilities in organic semiconductors is important for the development of organic electronics. Although devices such as organic field effect transistors (OFETs), organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are already used in commercial applications, a complete understanding of the ultimate limitations of performance and stability in these devices is still lacking at this time. Crucial to the determination of electronic properties in organic semiconductors is the ability to grow ultra-pure, fully ordered molecular crystals for measurements of intrinsic charge transport. Likewise, sensitive tools are needed to evaluate crystalline quality. We present a high-resolution X-ray diffraction and X-ray topography analysis of single-crystals of rubrene that are of the quality being reported to show mobilities as high as amorphous silicon. We show that dislocations and grain boundaries, which may limit charge transfer, are prominent in these crystals. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chapman, BD (reprint author), Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, 600 Mt Ave, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. EM chapman@bnl.gov; tsi@lucent.com RI Kloc, Christian/A-2255-2011 NR 20 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 290 IS 2 BP 479 EP 484 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.01.056 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 037OM UT WOS:000237156400030 ER PT J AU Wagner, BP Reitmeier, ZJ Park, JS Bachelor, D Zakharov, DN Liliental-Weber, Z Davis, RF AF Wagner, BP Reitmeier, ZJ Park, JS Bachelor, D Zakharov, DN Liliental-Weber, Z Davis, RF TI Growth and characterization of pendeo-epitaxial GaN(11(2)over-bar0) on 4H-SiC(11(2)over-bar0) substrates SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy; crystal morphology; surfaces; metalorganic chemical vapor deposition; pendeo-epitaxy; nitrides; semiconducting III-V materials ID A-PLANE GAN; VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; MULTIPLE-QUANTUM WELLS; NITRIDE THIN-FILMS; GALLIUM NITRIDE; LATERAL OVERGROWTH; ALGAN/GAN HETEROSTRUCTURES; SAPPHIRE; POLARIZATION; REDUCTION AB Growth on AIN/4H-SiC(11 (2) over bar0) substrates of coalesced, non-polar GaN(11 (2) over bar0) films having volumes of material with reduced densities of dislocations and stacking faults has been achieved from etched stripes via the statistical and experimental determination of the effect of temperature and V/III ratio on the lateral and vertical growth rates of the GaN{0001} faces combined with pendeo-epitaxy. AFM of the uncoalesced GaN(0001) and GaN (000 (1) over bar) vertical faces revealed growth steps with some steps terminating at dislocations on the former and a pitted surface without growth steps, indicative of decomposition, on the latter. Coalescence was achieved via (a) a two-step route and the parameters of (1) T = 1100 degrees C and V/III = 1323 for 40 min and (2) 1020 degrees C and V/III = 660 for 40 min and (b) a one-step route that employed T = 1020 degrees C and a V/III ratio = 660 for 6 h. The densities of dislocations in the GaN grown vertically over and laterally from the (11 (2) over bar0) stripes were similar to 4 x 10(10) cm(-2) and similar to 2 x 10(8) cm(-2), respectively; the densities of stacking fault in these volumes were similar to 1 x 10(6) cm(-1) and similar to 2 x 10(4) cm(-1), respectively. The defects in the wing material were observed primarily at the bottom of the film where lateral growth of the GaN occurred from the AlN and the SiC. Plan view AFM also revealed different microstructures and a reduction in the RMS roughness values from 1.2 to 0.95 nm in these respective regions. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Analyt Instrumentat Facil, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wagner, BP (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Corp, Elect Syst, 1212 Winterson Rd, Linthicum, MD 21090 USA. EM brian.wagner@ngc.com RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012; Davis, Robert/A-9376-2011; Zakharov, Dmitri/F-4493-2014 OI Davis, Robert/0000-0002-4437-0885; NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 290 IS 2 BP 504 EP 512 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.02.011 PG 9 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 037OM UT WOS:000237156400035 ER PT J AU Kang, HS Lim, SH Kim, JW Chang, HW Kim, GH Kim, JH Lee, SY Li, Y Lee, JS Nastasi, MA Crooker, SA Jia, QX AF Kang, HS Lim, SH Kim, JW Chang, HW Kim, GH Kim, JH Lee, SY Li, Y Lee, JS Nastasi, MA Crooker, SA Jia, QX TI Excitation Localization and Stokes' shift in Zn1-xCdxO thin films depending on chemical composition (vol 287, pg 70, 2006) SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Correction C1 Yonsei Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lee, SY (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, 134,Shinchon Dong, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM sylee@yonsei.ac.kr RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 290 IS 2 BP 691 EP 691 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.01.020 PG 1 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 037OM UT WOS:000237156400066 ER PT J AU Ravindra, NM Jin, SH Singh, R Pennycook, S AF Ravindra, NM Jin, SH Singh, R Pennycook, S TI Foreword SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 New Jersey Inst Technol, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Ravindra, NM (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 35 IS 5 BP 807 EP 807 DI 10.1007/BF02692532 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 047QF UT WOS:000237893100001 ER PT J AU Xu, C Jia, Z Wu, D Han, Q Meek, T AF Xu, C. Jia, Z. Wu, D. Han, Q. Meek, T. TI Fabrication of nylon-6/carbon nanotube composites SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE composites; carbon nanotubes; nylon-6; in-situ process ID LARGE-SCALE SYNTHESIS; CARBON NANOTUBES; POLYMER COMPOSITES; MICROTUBULES; MECHANICS AB A new technique to fabricate nylon-6/carbon nanotube (PA6/CNT) composites is presented. The method involves a pretreatment of carbon nanotubes synthesized by catalytic pyrolysis of hydrocarbon and an improved in-situ process for mixing nanotubes with the nylon 6 matrix. A good bond between carbon nanotubes and the nylon-6 matrix is obtained. Mechanical property measurements indicate that the tensile strength of PA6/CNT composites is improved significantly while the toughness and elongation are somewhat compromised. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the fractured tensile specimens reveals cracking initiated at the wrapping of the CNTs PA6 layer/PA6 matrix interface rather than at the PA6/CNT interface. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Cent China Normal Univ, Nano Sci & Technol Res Ctr, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. Tsinghua Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xu, C (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM cxu2@utk.edu NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 35 IS 5 BP 954 EP 957 DI 10.1007/BF02692553 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 047QF UT WOS:000237893100022 ER PT J AU Berryman, JG AF Berryman, JG TI Effective medium theories for multicomponent poroelastic composites SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE composite materials; poroelasticity; micromechanics; porous media ID ELLIPSOIDAL ELASTIC INCLUSION; POROUS-MEDIA; DIFFERENTIAL SCHEME; REINFORCED SOLIDS; ESHELBYS FORMULA; PORE FLUID; ROCKS; THERMOELASTICITY; MODULI; MODEL AB It is demonstrated that effective medium theories for poroelastic composites such as rocks can be formulated easily by analogy to well-established methods used for elastic composites. An identity analogous to Eshelby's classic result has been derived previously for use in composites containing arbitrary ellipsoidal-shaped inclusions. This result is the starting point for new methods of estimation, including generalizations of the coherent potential approximation, differential effective medium theory, and two explicit schemes. Results are presented for estimating drained shear and bulk modulus. the Biot-Willis parameter, and Skempton's coefficient. Three of the methods considered appear to be quite reliable estimators, while one of the explicit schemes is found to have some undesirable characteristics. Furthermore, the results obtained show that the actual rnicrostructure should be taken carefully into account when trying to decide which of these methods to apply in a given situation. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808 L-200, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM berryman1@llnl.gov RI Berryman, James/A-9712-2008 NR 58 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 9 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9399 EI 1943-7889 J9 J ENG MECH JI J. Eng. Mech. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 132 IS 5 BP 519 EP 531 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2006)132:5(519) PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 034GT UT WOS:000236917800006 ER PT J AU Lechman, J Lu, N Wu, D AF Lechman, J Lu, N Wu, D TI Hysteresis of matric suction and capillary stress in monodisperse disk-shaped particles SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS-ASCE LA English DT Article ID MOISTURE-DISTRIBUTION CURVE; PORE VOLUME DISTRIBUTION; SATURATED IDEAL SOIL; CYLINDRICAL PORES; ADSORPTION BRANCH; LIQUID RETENTION; WATER-CONTENT; POROUS-MEDIA; CONDENSATION; SPHERES AB The dependences of matric suction and capillary stress on the degree of saturation in monodisperse disk-shaped particles are established for the full range of the degree of saturation. A thermodynamic free energy approach is employed to obtain both the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) and the capillary stress characteristic curve (CSCC) for both wetting and drying processes. It is shown that the thermodynamic energy stability concept can lead to the establishment of hysteresis in both the SWCC and CSCC without explicit involvement of the contact angle and ink-bottle hysteresis. The air-entry pressure value and capillary condensation pressure value are quantified and their functional dependencies on the average pore sizes are established. For particle sizes ranging between 0.001 and 1 mm, the air-entry and capillary condensation pressures decrease from several hundred kPa to several kPa and capillary forces are found to range between tens and hundreds of micronewtons. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Div Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Lechman, J (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Div Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM ninglu@mines.edu NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9399 J9 J ENG MECH-ASCE JI J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE PD MAY PY 2006 VL 132 IS 5 BP 565 EP 577 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2006)132:5(565) PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 034GT UT WOS:000236917800010 ER PT J AU Kravchenko, VY AF Kravchenko, V. Ya. TI Transverse electron transport in layered metallic systems: Giant magnetoresistance and injection of spins SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC MULTILAYERS; INTERFACE; SEMICONDUCTOR; SCATTERING AB The distribution functions for electrons differing in the sign of the spin projection and belonging to different layers (ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic) are determined from the system of Boltzmann kinetic equations. These functions make it possible to derive integral equations for electrochemical potentials for arbitrary ratios of characteristic lengths (layer thicknesses and momentum- and diffusion mean free paths) and to describe transverse electron transport both in the bulk and in the surface regions of the multilayer structure. The expressions for the effective contact resistance are derived and the value of the transverse ohmic resistance of the structure is found, as well as its spin-dependent part determined by the values of injection factors gamma. The values of nonequilibrium spin polarizations, which are also connected with coefficients gamma, are determined. The values of gamma are calculated for various relations between the characteristic parameters of the given system and for various types of magnetic order. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Oblast, Russia. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kravchenko, VY (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Oblast, Russia. EM krav@issp.ac.ru NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1063-7761 EI 1090-6509 J9 J EXP THEOR PHYS+ JI J. Exp. Theor. Phys. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 102 IS 5 BP 836 EP 861 DI 10.1134/S1063776106050165 PG 26 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 054PU UT WOS:000238391900016 ER PT J AU Ubelaker, DH Buchholz, BA Stewart, JEB AF Ubelaker, DH Buchholz, BA Stewart, JEB TI Analysis of artificial radiocarbon in different skeletal and dental tissue types to evaluate date of death SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; radiocarbon; skeletons; date of death; bomb-curve ID BOMB C-14; BONE; CALIBRATION; TURNOVER; TEETH; AMS AB Radiocarbon dating, with special reference to the modern bomb-curve, can provide useful information to elucidate the date of death of skeletonized human remains. Interpretation can be enhanced with analysis of different types of tissues within a single skeleton because of the known variability of formation times and remodeling rates. Analysis of radiocarbon content of teeth, especially the enamel in tooth crowns, provides information about the date of formation in the childhood years and in consideration of the known timing of tooth formation can be used to estimate the birth date after 1950 AD. Radiocarbon analysis of modern cortical and trabecular bone samples from the same skeleton may allow proper placement on the pre-1963 or post-1963 sides of the bomb-curve as most trabecular bone generally undergoes more rapid remodeling than does most cortical bone. Pre-1963 bone formation would produce higher radiocarbon values for most trabecular bone than for most cortical bone. This relationship is reversed for formation after 1963. Radiocarbon analysis was conducted in this study on dental, cortical, and trabecular bone samples from two adult individuals of known birth (1925 and 1926) and death dates (1995 and 1959). As expected, the dental results correspond to prebomb-curve values reflecting conditions during the childhoods of the individuals. The radiocarbon content of most bone samples reflected the higher modern bomb-curve values. Within the bone sample analyses, the values of the trabecular bone were higher than those of cortical bone and supported the known placement on the pre-1963 side of the bomb-curve. C1 Smithsonian Inst, NMNH, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Natl Missing Person DNA Database, DNA Anal Unit 2, FBI Lab, Quantico, VA 22135 USA. RP Ubelaker, DH (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, NMNH, Dept Anthropol, MRC 112, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM ubelaked@si.edu RI Buchholz, Bruce/G-1356-2011 NR 26 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 24 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 51 IS 3 BP 484 EP 488 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00125.x PG 5 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 040QM UT WOS:000237395500004 PM 16696693 ER PT J AU Kuske, CR Barns, SM Grow, CC Merrill, L Dunbar, J AF Kuske, CR Barns, SM Grow, CC Merrill, L Dunbar, J TI Environmental survey for four pathogenic bacteria and closely related species using phylogenetic and functional genes SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; environmental detection of biothreat agents; Bacillus anthracis; Yersinia pestis; Francisella tularensis; Clostridium perfringens; backgrounds; soil; aerosol; select agent ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; LENGTH POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS PXO1; YERSINIA-PESTIS; FRANCISELLA-TULARENSIS; CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; SEQUENCE CONSERVATION; PNEUMONIC TULAREMIA; GENOME SEQUENCE; DNA-SEQUENCES AB Bacterial species with high DNA sequence similarity to pathogens could affect the specificity of assays designed to detect biological threat agents in environmental samples. The natural presence of four pathogenic bacteria, Bacillus anthracis, Clostridium perfringens, Francisella tularensis, and Yersinia pestis and their closely related species, was determined for a large collection of soil and aerosol samples. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene sequencing were used using group-specific 16S rRNA primers to identify pathogens and related species, and pathogen-specific virulence genes. Close relatives of B. anthracis (B. cereus group species) were detected in 37% of the soils and 25% of the aerosol samples. The B. anthracis protective antigen (pag) gene or a close homolog was detected in 16 of these samples. For the other three pathogen groups, the frequency of detection was much lower, and none of the samples were positive with both the phylogenetic and virulence gene primer sets. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kuske, CR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, B-N1,M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kuske@lanl.gov NR 65 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 51 IS 3 BP 548 EP 558 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00131.x PG 11 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 040QM UT WOS:000237395500012 PM 16696701 ER PT J AU Merrill, L Dunbar, J Richardson, J Kuske, CR AF Merrill, L Dunbar, J Richardson, J Kuske, CR TI Composition of Bacillus species in aerosols from 11 US cities SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 103rd General Meeting of the American-Society-for-Microbiology CY MAY 18-22, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Soc Microbiol DE forensic science; environmental detection of bacteria; Bacillus anthracis; Bacillus thuringiensis; Bacillus cereus; aerosol; heteroduplex; PCR detection ID LENGTH POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; CLOSELY-RELATED BACTERIA; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SEQUENCE CONSERVATION; GENOME SEQUENCE; ANTHRACIS PXO1; CEREUS; THURINGIENSIS; PLASMID; MICROORGANISMS AB A PCR-based heteroduplex assay was used to determine the presence and composition of Bacillus species in 11,059 Environmental Protection Agency PM2.5 aerosol samples from 11 U.S. cities. The assay differentiated three groups: Type A containing Bacillus anthracis and very closely related, often pathogenic, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis strains; Type B containing other B. cereus and B. thuringiensis strains; and a third group of more-distantly related Bacillus species. Eight of the 11 cities were positive for Bacillus species in 50% or more of the samples, and the percent of aerosol samples that contained the HD Type A group ranged from 3% to 32%. Cities from the eastern half of the United States generally contained a higher frequency and broader diversity of Bacillus species than the western half of the United States. Positive samples were detected throughout the year. These results have implications for pathogen detection in environmental samples, understanding the natural evolution of new pathogenic strains, and incidence of infection caused by strains of the B. cereus subgroup. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kuske, CR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, B-N1,M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kuske@lanl.gov NR 25 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 51 IS 3 BP 559 EP 565 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00132.x PG 7 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 040QM UT WOS:000237395500013 PM 16696702 ER PT J AU O'Brien, JE Stoots, CM Herring, JS Hartvigsen, J AF O'Brien, JE Stoots, CM Herring, JS Hartvigsen, J TI Hydrogen production performance of a 10-cell planar solid-oxide electrolysis stack SO JOURNAL OF FUEL CELL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Fuel Cell Science Engineering and Technology Conference CY MAY 23-25, 2005 CL Ypsilanti, MI AB An experimental study is under way to assess the performance of solid-oxide cells operating in the steam electrolysis mode for hydrogen production over a temperature range of 800-900 degrees C. Results presented in this paper were obtained from a ten-cell planar electrolysis stack, with an active area of 64 cm 2 per cell. The electrolysis cells are electrolyte supported, with scandia-stabilized zirconia electrolytes ( similar to 140 mu m thick), nickel-cermet steam/hydrogen electrodes, and manganite air-side electrodes. The metallic interconnect plates are fabricated from ferritic stainless steel. The experiments were performed over a range of steam inlet mole fractions (0.1-0.6), gas flow rates (1000-4000 seem), and current densities (0-0.38 A/cm(2)). Steam consumption rates associated with electrolysis were measured directly using inlet and outlet dewpoint instrumentation. Cell operating potentials and cell current were varied using a programmable power supply. Hydrogen production rates up to 100 Nl/h were demonstrated. Values of area-specific resistance and stack internal temperatures are presented as a function of current density. Stack performance is shown to be dependent on inlet steam flow rate. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Ceramatec Inc, Salt Lake City, UT 84037 USA. RP O'Brien, JE (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM jzo@inel.gov NR 8 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 16 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1550-624X J9 J FUEL CELL SCI TECH JI J. Fuel Cell Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 3 IS 2 BP 213 EP 219 DI 10.1115/1.2179435 PG 7 GA 050ME UT WOS:000238091000017 ER PT J AU Purdue, JR Oleksyk, TK Smith, MH AF Purdue, JR Oleksyk, TK Smith, MH TI Independent occurrences of multiple repeats in the control region of mitochondrial DNA of white-tailed deer SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID D-LOOP REGION; SEQUENCE VARIATION; MULE DEER; EVOLUTION; MTDNA; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; HETEROGENEITY; VARIABILITY; POPULATIONS; PATTERNS AB Deer in the genera Mazama and Odocoileus generally have two copies of a 75-base-pair (bp) repeat in the left domain of the control region of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Phylogenetic analyses further suggest an ancient origin for the duplication supporting a previously stated contention that this event occurred before the separation of Mazama and Odocoileus. However, white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) had three or four copies of a 75-bp repeat in the control region of their mtDNA in 7.8% of the individuals analyzed, and all of these animals were from the coastal plain of the southeastern United States. When copy 3 is present, it is very similar in sequence to copy 2, but variation suggests that copy 3 probably evolved multiple times from copy 2. The pattern of phylogenetic clustering of the haplotypes from across the coastal plain also suggests that phenotypes with three or four copies of the repeat have originated multiple times. The 44 observed haplotypes showed strong spatial subdivision across the area with subpopulations frequently showing complete shifts in haplotype frequencies from others taken from nearby areas. Many of the subpopulations right along the coast or on adjacent barrier islands have a limited number of haplotypes as would occur in populations undergoing drift because of small numbers of breeding females and limited female dispersal. C1 NCI, Lab Genom Divers, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Illinois State Museum, Springfield, IL 62704 USA. NCI, Basic Res Program, SAIC Frederick Inc, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Oleksyk, TK (reprint author), NCI, Lab Genom Divers, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM oleksyk@ncifcrf.gov RI Taras, Oleksyk/J-8805-2013 OI Taras, Oleksyk/0000-0002-8148-3918 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 38 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 97 IS 3 BP 235 EP 243 DI 10.1093/jhered/esj032 PG 9 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 056PQ UT WOS:000238538000006 PM 16614132 ER PT J AU Ellis, RK Giele, WT Zanderighi, G AF Ellis, R. Keith Giele, Walter T. Zanderighi, Giulia TI The one-loop amplitude for six-gluon scattering SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE NLO computations; hadronic colliders; QCD ID TO-LEADING ORDER; PLUS JET PRODUCTION; NUMERICAL EVALUATION; HELICITY AMPLITUDES; QCD CORRECTIONS; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; FEYNMAN DIAGRAMS; HADRON COLLIDERS; INTEGRALS; REDUCTION AB We present results for the six-gluon scattering amplitude at one-loop. Since our method is semi-numerical, it yields the result for arbitrary momenta and helicities of the external gluons. We evaluate the colour-ordered sub-amplitudes with gluons, fermions and scalars running in the internal loop. This is more than sufficient to give a complete description of six-gluon scattering at one-loop in QCD. Combination of these results into amplitudes with N = 4 and N = 1 multiplets of supersymmetric Yang- Mills or with a complex scalar in the internal loops allows comparison with analytic results in the literature. The numerical results for most of the helicity combinations with loops of complex scalars are new. C1 CERN, Div Theory, Dept Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RP Ellis, RK (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM ellis@fnal.gov; giele@fnal.gov; giulia.zanderighi@cern.ch NR 56 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAY PY 2006 IS 5 AR 027 PG 13 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 051KY UT WOS:000238161200053 ER PT J AU Sjostrand, T Mrenna, S Skands, P AF Sjostrand, Torbjorn Mrenna, Stephen Skands, Peter TI PYTHIA 6.4 physics and manual SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE phenomenological models; hadronic colliders; standard model; beyond standard model ID LUND MONTE-CARLO; INITIAL-STATE RADIATION; JET CROSS-SECTIONS; QUANTUM-CHROMODYNAMIC CORRECTIONS; TOPCOLOR-ASSISTED TECHNICOLOR; DOUBLE PARTON SCATTERING; INELASTIC EP SCATTERING; HIGH-ENERGY COLLISIONS; W-PAIR PRODUCTION; CALCULATING SUPERSYMMETRIC SPECTRA AB The Pythia program can be used to generate high-energy-physics 'events', i.e. sets of outgoing particles produced in the interactions between two incoming particles. The objective is to provide as accurate as possible a representation of event properties in a wide range of reactions, within and beyond the Standard Model, with emphasis on those where strong interactions play a role, directly or indirectly, and therefore multihadronic final states are produced. The physics is then not understood well enough to give an exact description; instead the program has to be based on a combination of analytical results and various QCD-based models. This physics input is summarized here, for areas such as hard subprocesses, initial- and final-state parton showers, underlying events and beam remnants, fragmentation and decays, and much more. Furthermore, extensive information is provided on all program elements: subroutines and functions, switches and parameters, and particle and process data. This should allow the user to tailor the generation task to the topics of interest. C1 Lund Univ, Dept Theoret Phys, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Simulat Grp, Comp Div, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Sjostrand, T (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Theoret Phys, Solvegatan 14A, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. EM torbjorn@thep.lu.se; mrenna@fnal.gov; skands@fnal.gov NR 512 TC 3529 Z9 3530 U1 6 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAY PY 2006 IS 5 AR 026 DI 10.1088/1126-6708/2006/05/026 PG 582 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 051KY UT WOS:000238161200054 ER PT J AU Salem-Sugui, S Alvarenga, AD Veal, B Paulikas, AP AF Salem-Sugui, S., Jr. Alvarenga, A. D. Veal, B. Paulikas, A. P. TI Dimensional crossover in the fluctuation magnetization in YBa2Cu3O7-(X) and its evolution with the content of oxygen SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE fluctuation magnetization; dimensional crossover; high-T-c superconductor; lowest Landau level ID DIAMAGNETIC FLUCTUATIONS; II SUPERCONDUCTORS; VORTEX FLUCTUATIONS; THIN-FILMS; FIELD; TRANSITION; TC AB We have studied the field-induced dimensional crossover in the fluctuation magnetization of three single crystals of YBa2Cu3O7-x, with superconducting transition temperatures, T-c = 62.5, 52, and 41 K. The dimensional crossover is observed by studying the diamagnetic vortex fluctuations of the lowest-Landau-level type which occur in isochamps magnetization curves, MvsT, for temperatures close to the transition temperature T-c(H). The study was accomplished by obtaining isochamps magnetization curves as a function of temperature for fields in the range of 0.1-5 T. Magnetization curves for each sample when plotted together show two distinct well resolved crossing points, one formed by low field curves and located at a higher temperature than the other formed by high field curves. A lowest-Landau-level scaling analysis is applied to the curves forming the crossing points and it is verified that lower field curves obey the three-dimensional form of this scaling while the higher field curves obey the two-dimensional form. The results allow to observe the evolution of the dimensional crossover field H-cross, 3D-2D, with the content of oxygen in YBa2Cu3O7-x. It is observed that the evolution of the field H-cross with the content of oxygen in each sample qualitatively agrees with theoretical predictions and allow us to estimate the ratio of the anisotropy among the studied samples. C1 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, BR-21945970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Salem-Sugui, S (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, Caixa Postal 68528, BR-21945970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM said@if.ufrj.br RI Alvarenga, Ana Paula/M-9790-2014 NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 143 IS 3-4 BP 131 EP 139 DI 10.1007/s10909-006-9210-z PG 9 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 102VE UT WOS:000241840600003 ER PT J AU Olivieri, E Barucci, M Beeman, J Risegari, L Ventura, G AF Olivieri, E. Barucci, M. Beeman, J. Risegari, L. Ventura, G. TI Excess heat capacity in NTD Ge thermistors SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cryogenics; heat capacity; NTD germanium ID TEMPERATURE SPECIFIC-HEAT; BOLOMETRIC DETECTORS; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; GERMANIUM; OPTIMIZATION; RESISTANCE; CONDUCTION; ELECTRONS; COPPER; 20-MK AB Neutron Transmutation Doped (NTD) germanium thermistors, cut from metallized wafers, are useful in bolometry. The rise time of a bolometer depends on its heat capacity. We report measurements on the heat capacity of two NTD Ge wafers down to 24 mK temperatures. Both wafers were neutron irradiated and annealed, one of them had in addition undergone a boron implantation and metallization process. For the non-metallized wafer we found a Sommerfeld constant gamma = 7.52 center dot 10(-7) J K-2 cm(-3). A comparison between the two wafers showed an excess heat capacity in the metallized wafer. For example, at 24 mK temperature, the specific heat of the metallized afer is more than twice the value of the non-metallized one. C1 Univ Florence, Dept Phys, I-50121 Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Florence, Dept Mech, I-50121 Florence, Italy. RP Olivieri, E (reprint author), Univ Florence, Dept Phys, I-50121 Florence, Italy. EM ventura@fi.infn.it RI Barucci, Marco/D-4209-2012 OI Barucci, Marco/0000-0003-0381-3376 NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 143 IS 3-4 BP 153 EP 162 DI 10.1007/s10909-006-9214-8 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 102VE UT WOS:000241840600005 ER PT J AU Hush, D Kelly, P Scovel, C Steinwart, I AF Hush, Don Kelly, Patrick Scovel, Clint Steinwart, Ingo TI QP algorithms with guaranteed accuracy and run time for support vector machines SO JOURNAL OF MACHINE LEARNING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE quadratic programming; decomposition algorithms; approximation algorithms; support vector machines ID DECOMPOSITION METHODS; SMO ALGORITHM; CONVERGENCE AB We describe polynomial-time algorithms that produce approximate solutions with guaranteed accuracy for a class of QP problems that are used in the design of support vector machine classifiers. These algorithms employ a two-stage process where the first stage produces an approximate solution to a dual QP problem and the second stage maps this approximate dual solution to an approximate primal solution. For the second stage we describe an O(n log n) algorithm that maps an approximate dual solution with accuracy (2 root 2K(n) + 8 root lambda)(-2) lambda epsilon(2)(p) to an approximate primal solution with accuracy epsilon(p) where n is the number of data samples, K-n is the maximum kernel value over the data and lambda > 0 is the SVM regularization parameter. For the first stage we present new results for decomposition algorithms and describe new decomposition algorithms with guaranteed accuracy and run time. In particular, for tau-rate certifying decomposition algorithms we establish the optimality of tau = 1/(n - 1). In addition we extend the recent tau = 1/(n - 1) algorithm of Simon ( 2004) to form two new composite algorithms that also achieve the t = 1/( n- 1) iteration bound of List and Simon ( 2005), but yield faster run times in practice. We also exploit the t - rate certifying property of these algorithms to produce new stopping rules that are computationally efficient and that guarantee a specified accuracy for the approximate dual solution. Furthermore, for the dual QP problem corresponding to the standard classification problem we describe operational conditions for which the Simon and composite algorithms possess an upper bound of O(n) on the number of iterations. For this same problem we also describe general conditions for which a matching lower bound exists for any decomposition algorithm that uses working sets of size 2. For the Simon and composite algorithms we also establish an O(n(2)) bound on the overall run time for the first stage. Combining the first and second stages gives an overall run time of O(n(2)(c(k) + 1)) where c(k) is an upper bound on the computation to perform a kernel evaluation. Pseudocode is presented for a complete algorithm that inputs an accuracy epsilon(p) and produces an approximate solution that satisfies this accuracy in low order polynomial time. Experiments are included to illustrate the new stopping rules and to compare the Simon and composite decomposition algorithms. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hush, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp, CCS-3,MS B265, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM DHUSH@LANL.GOV; KELLY@LANL.GOV; JCS@LANL.GOV; INGO@LANL.GOV OI Steinwart, Ingo/0000-0002-4436-7109 NR 38 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU MICROTOME PUBL PI BROOKLINE PA 31 GIBBS ST, BROOKLINE, MA 02446 USA SN 1532-4435 J9 J MACH LEARN RES JI J. Mach. Learn. Res. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 7 BP 733 EP 769 PG 37 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 079JZ UT WOS:000240173400002 ER PT J AU Ney, A Rajaram, R Arenholz, E Harris, JS Samant, M Farrow, RFC Parkin, SSP AF Ney, A Rajaram, R Arenholz, E Harris, JS Samant, M Farrow, RFC Parkin, SSP TI Structural and magnetic properties of Cr and Mn doped InN SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Moscow International Symposium on Magnetism (MISM 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL Moscow State Univ, Moscow, RUSSIA HO Moscow State Univ DE dilute magnetic semiconductors; magnetic properties of thin films; X-ray magnetic circular dichroism ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; TEMPERATURE FERROMAGNETISM; GROWTH; SEMICONDUCTORS; ORIGIN; LAYERS; MBE AB We present a detailed magnetic characterization of Cr and Mn doped InN films be means of superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism. The 1nN:Cr films exhibit ferromagnetic behavior up to 300 K in a doping region from 2% to 8% without detectable phase segregation. The easy axis of magnetization is found to be in the film plane. On the contrary, Mn-doped films show signatures of phase segregation and paramagnetic behavior. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 IBM Corp, Div Res, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. Stanford Univ, Solid State & Photon Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ney, A (reprint author), Univ Duisburg Essen, Lotharstr 1, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany. EM aney@snow.stanford.edu RI Parkin, Stuart/D-2521-2012; OI Ney, Andreas/0000-0002-2388-6006 NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 300 IS 1 SI SI BP 7 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2005.10.022 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 029WW UT WOS:000236596100003 ER PT J AU Fishman, R Moreno, J Jarrell, M AF Fishman, R Moreno, J Jarrell, M TI Generalized double-exchange model for magnetic semiconductors with angular momentum j SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Moscow International Symposium on Magnetism (MISM 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL Moscow State Univ, Moscow, RUSSIA HO Moscow State Univ DE double exchange; magnetic semiconductors; dynamical mean-field theory ID TO-POLARON CROSSOVER; MEAN-FIELD THEORY; HIGH DIMENSIONS; HUBBARD-MODEL; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION; FERMIONS; LATTICE AB To facilitate the search for new magnetic semiconductors with high transition temperatures T-C, we use dynamical mean-field theory to evaluate T-C for a double-exchange system with general angular momentum j = 1/2, 3/2, 5/2,.... For simplicity, we assume that there is one local moment per site and that the Hund's Coupling J(c) between the local moments and the charge carriers (with undoped bandwidth W) is large. The maximum Curie temperature T-C(max)(m(j),j) for a given m(j) and j occurs when the m(j) sub-band is half-filled. For a fixed j, T-C(max)(m(j),j) is the largest in the lowest or the highest sub-band with m(j) = +/- j, where the carriers are most optimally coupled to the local moments. When j >> 1, T-C(max) (+/- j,j) scales like W/root 2j + 1, which is the bandwidth of each m(j) sub-band. For j = 1/2, T-C(max)(+/- 1/2, 1/2) is suppressed by fluctuations of the carrier spin. Surprisingly, T-C(max)(+/- j,j) reaches a maximum for j = 3/2, the same angular trionlentuill as the charge carriers in p-band semiconductors like GaAs and Ge. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ N Dakota, Dept Phys, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Fishman, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM fishmanrs@ornl.gov RI Moreno, Juana/D-5882-2012 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 300 IS 1 SI SI BP 53 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2005.10.031 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 029WW UT WOS:000236596100012 ER PT J AU Halilov, SV Singh, DJ Perlov, AY AF Halilov, SV Singh, DJ Perlov, AY TI Spin structure of quantum fluctuations in Sr2RuO4 SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Moscow International Symposium on Magnetism (MISM 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL Moscow State Univ, Moscow, RUSSIA HO Moscow State Univ DE magnetism; superconductivity; spin-density wave; anisotropy; phasons; nesting; lasing; spin-orbit coupling ID SUPERCONDUCTOR SR2RUO4; CONDUCTIVITY; SPECTRA AB Density functional calculations are used to investigate spin structure of quantum fluctuations (QF), low-lying excitations and their relationship to superconductivity in Sr2RuO4. It is shown how the presence of the Fermi surface nesting in this highly two-dimensional system leads in theory to establishment of antiferromagnetic spin density superstructure in the ground state and therefore in QF. Our calculations confirm the ground state spin structure which develops in Sr2RuO4 upon partial Ti substitution found in experiment, even at concentrations typical for doppants. The Ti disrupts the Ru-O-Ru chains, leading to an increase in the local density of states, and thereby favors moment formation oil the neighboring Ru sites. Supercell calculations and frozen spin wave calculations show a marginal antiferromagnetic instability at the Fermi surface nesting vector. At this wave vector, the magnetocrystalline anisotropy is found to be very small. The spin structure of QF and low energy excitations are discussed in relation to these results. The nesting leads to the following effects: (1) development of the spin Structure in QFs and related low-lying excitations as a result of enhancement of the intersite exchange, (2) effect of lasing on QFs, which implies selecting and amplifying waves out of the wave packet with nesting vector q(N) only. The crystalline strontium ruthenate can be viewed as a superconducting liquid crystal, since the triplet nature of superconductivity makes it close to symmetry-broken phases of He-3 liquid, whereas the spin and orbital moments are ordered on the scale of spin-spin correlation length. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 RJ Mears LLC, Waltham, MA 02451 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Munich, Dept Chem Phys Chem, D-81377 Munich, Germany. RP Halilov, SV (reprint author), RJ Mears LLC, 1100 Winter St, Waltham, MA 02451 USA. EM halilov@mearscorp.com RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 300 IS 1 SI SI BP 89 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2005.10.039 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 029WW UT WOS:000236596100020 ER PT J AU Antropov, VP AF Antropov, V. P. TI Magnetic short range order and the exchange coupling in magnets SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Fe and Ni; Spin dynamics; Magnetic short range order AB We discuss our recent results of time-dependent density functional simulations of magnetic properties of Fe and Ni at finite temperatures. These results indicated that a strong magnetic short range order is responsible for the magnetic properties of elementary Ni and any itinerant magnet in general. We demonstrated that one can use the value of the magnetic short range order parameter to produce new quantitative classification of magnets. We also discuss the nature of the exchange coupling and its connection with the short range order. The spin-wave like propagating and diffusive excitations in paramagnetic localized systems with small short range order have been predicted while in the itinerant systems the short range order is more complicated. The possible smallness of the quantum factor in the itinerant magnets with short range order is discussed. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ames Lab, Condensed Matter Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Antropov, VP (reprint author), Ames Lab, Condensed Matter Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM antropov@ameslab.gov FU US Department of Energy [W-7405-82]; Director for Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy FX This work was carried out at the Ames Laboratory, which is operated for the US Department of Energy by Iowa State University under Contract No. W-7405-82. This work was supported by the Director for Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 300 IS 1 BP E574 EP E578 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2005.10.220 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA V21MS UT WOS:000208212300150 ER PT J AU Kocharian, AN Fernando, GW Palandage, K Davenport, JW AF Kocharian, A. N. Fernando, G. W. Palandage, K. Davenport, J. W. TI Thermodynamic properties, magnetism and Mott-Hubbard-like transitions in nanoscale clusters SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Mott-Hubbard crossover; Antiferromagnetism; Spin pseudogap; Charge-spin separation; Phase diagram; Clusters AB The charge-spin response thermodynamics in the presence of a magnetic field are calculated using analytical diagonalization of small clusters. Rigorous criteria for the Mott-Hubbard, Neel and zero-field (spin) weak pseudogap singularities (crossovers) in the thermodynamic charge and spin density of states are found for the first time in the exactly solvable two-and four-site Hubbard (U >= 0) clusters. These exact calculations of the chemical potential, magnetization, charge and spin susceptibilities show the presence of true Mott-Hubbard (charge), antiferromagnetic (spin) and zero-field (spin) ground state gaps and pseudogaps that develop at infinitesimal temperatures. These pseudogaps exist in a limited range of temperature or/and doping levels and disappear at the critical temperatures of crossovers (bifurcations), reminiscent of the pseudogaps and normal-state phase diagram in the high T-c cuprates. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kocharian, A. N.] Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Phys, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. [Fernando, G. W.; Palandage, K.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Davenport, J. W.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Computat Sci Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Fernando, G. W.] Inst Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka. RP Kocharian, AN (reprint author), Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Phys, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. EM armen.n.kocharian@csun.edu FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This research was supported in part by the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 300 IS 1 BP E585 EP E590 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2005.10.242 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA V21MS UT WOS:000208212300152 ER PT J AU Basu, S Devi, PS Maiti, HS Lee, Y Hanson, JC AF Basu, S. Devi, P. Sujatha Maiti, H. S. Lee, Y. Hanson, J. C. TI Lanthanum molybdenum oxide: Low-temperature synthesis and characterization SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CITRATE-NITRATE GEL; YTTRIUM-ALUMINUM-GARNET; OXYGEN-ION DIFFUSION; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; COMBUSTION PROCESS; PHASE-TRANSITION; LA2MO2O9; CONDUCTORS; POWDER AB A recently developed fast oxide ion conductor, namely lanthanum molybdenum oxide (La2Mo2O9, LAMO), was synthesized instantaneously by a citrate-nitrate auto-ignition process at a fixed citrate to nitrate ratio of 0.3 and characterized by thermal analysis, x-ray diffraction, impedance spectroscopy, and thermal expansion measurements. Crystalline LAMO has formed instantaneously during the combustion process. The signature of the order-disorder transition of stoichiometric LAMO around 570 degrees C was evident from differential thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry electrical conductivity, and thermal expansion measurements. Though the in situ x-ray measurements did not indicate any clear evidence of a phase transition, a stepwise change in the lattice parameter near the vicinity of the transition temperature was apparent thereby confirming the phase transition to be of first order in nature. The thermal expansion coefficient of LAMO was calculated to be 13.92 x 10(-6)/ degrees K at 950 degrees C. The present method formed phase pure LAMO instantaneously and produced sintered samples with high conductivity, namely, 0.052 S/cm at 800 degrees C and 0.08 S/cm at 950 degrees C compared to LAMO prepared through various other solution routes. C1 Cent Glass & Ceram Res Inst, Electroceram Div, Kolkata 700032, India. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Devi, PS (reprint author), Cent Glass & Ceram Res Inst, Electroceram Div, Kolkata 700032, India. EM psujathadevi@cgcri.res.in RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010; Devi, P. Sujatha/G-6970-2011; Lee, Yongjae/K-6566-2016 NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 11 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 21 IS 5 BP 1133 EP 1140 DI 10.1557/JMR.2006.0135 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 043FE UT WOS:000237584600007 ER PT J AU Baeslack, WA Jata, KV Lienert, TJ AF Baeslack, WA Jata, KV Lienert, TJ TI Structure, properties and fracture of friction stir welds in a high-temperature Al-8.5Fe-1.3V-1.7Si alloy (AA-8009) SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MATERIAL FLOW; PROCESS MODEL; VISUALIZATION; AL; MICROSTRUCTURES; ALUMINUM; METALS AB Friction stir welds produced in a rapidly-solidified, powder metallurgy Al-8.5Fe-1.3 V-1.7 Si (wt.%) alloy were characterized in order to investigate the effects of deformation during welding on the weld zone microstructure, hardness, tensile properties, and fracture behavior. A weld produced using a tool rotational speed of 1200 rpm and a traversing rate of 4.3 mm/s exhibited a repetitive pattern of dispersoid-depleted bands that were attributed to the intense deformation that occurred in the vicinity of the tool. The significant softening associated with these regions, and the presence of occasional, irregularly-shaped voids near the boundary between the base metal and the weld zone on the advancing side of the weld, promoted a weld tensile strength of 60-70% of the base metal. The application of a lower tool rotational speed of 428 rpm and a lower traversing rate of 1.9 mm/s promoted fewer bands and a more uniform dispersoid distribution throughout the weld zone, and an absence of defects along the weld zone/base metal interface. Tensile strength of these welds approached 90% of the base metal. Fracture of the transverse-weld oriented tensile specimens for both weld types consistently occurred near the boundary between the weld zone and the base metal on the advancing side of the weld zone, with tensile specimen ductilities appreciably lower than that of the base metal. (c) 2006 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. C1 Ohio State Univ, Coll Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Baeslack, WA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM baeslack.1@osu.edu NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 41 IS 10 BP 2939 EP 2951 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-5089-y PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 047CC UT WOS:000237856400023 ER PT J AU Coratolo, AM Orlovskaya, N Lugovy, M Slyunyayev, V Dub, S Johnson, C Gemmen, R AF Coratolo, AM Orlovskaya, N Lugovy, M Slyunyayev, V Dub, S Johnson, C Gemmen, R TI Nanoindentation of LaCrO3 thin films SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL PHASE-TRANSITION; INDENTATION; HYSTERESIS; HARDNESS; SILICON; SYSTEMS; LOAD AB Nanoindentation of LaCrO3 thin films deposited by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering onto stainless steel substrates was performed using an XP Nanoindenter. The "as-deposited" film was amorphous but transformed to an orthorhombic LaCrO3 perovskite structure after annealing at 1073 K for 1 h. The film thickness in the "as-deposited" state was 800 nm. Single loading/unloadings were performed in the displacement control mode on the crystalline film using different maximum displacements (50, 200, 400, and 800 nm). Therefore, the integral response of the film-substrate system was probed at different distances from the substrate. Nanoindentation experiments on LaCrO3 perovskite films revealed sharp "pop-in" events at certain loads. Such "pop-ins", are most likely caused by the orthorhombic-to-rhombohedral phase transition which is known to occur in a LaCrO3 perovskite structure under pressure. However, such discontinuities have never been observed upon indentation of the amorphous "as-deposited" La-Cr-O thin films, and the pressure found to be typical of this transition in the LaCrO3 thin films is higher than previous bulk LaCrO3 sample studies. Mechanical characteristics of the films, such as hardness and Young's modulus, were also measured. (c) 2006 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. C1 Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Inst Problems Mat Sci, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. Inst Superhard Mat, UA-04074 Kiev, Ukraine. Natl Energy Technol Lab, Dept Energy, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Orlovskaya, N (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 3141 Chestnut Str, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM orlovsk@drexel.edu NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 41 IS 10 BP 3105 EP 3111 DI 10.1007/s10853-005-3170-6 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 047CC UT WOS:000237856400045 ER PT J AU Aragon, AD Quinones, GA Allen, C Thomas, J Roy, S Davidson, GS Wentzell, PD Millier, B Jaetao, JE Rodriguez, AL Werrier-Washburne, M AF Aragon, AD Quinones, GA Allen, C Thomas, J Roy, S Davidson, GS Wentzell, PD Millier, B Jaetao, JE Rodriguez, AL Werrier-Washburne, M TI An automated, pressure-driven sampling device for harvesting from liquid cultures for genomic and biochemical analyses SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE transcriptional profiling; time course analysis; microarray; yeast; rapid sampling ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE AB Here we describe an automated, pressure-driven, sampling device for harvesting 10 to 30 ml samples, in replicate, with intervals as short as 10 s. Correlation between biological replicate time courses measured by microarrays was extremely high. The sampler enables sampling at intervals within the range of many important biological processes. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Chem, Halifax, NS B3H 4J3, Canada. RP Werrier-Washburne, M (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM maggieww@unm.edu RI Wentzell, Peter/G-3137-2012 OI Wentzell, Peter/0000-0003-4389-801X FU NHGRI NIH HHS [HG02262]; NIGMS NIH HHS [1-R25-GM60201, GM67593] NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD MAY PY 2006 VL 65 IS 2 BP 357 EP 360 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2005.08.015 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 041EC UT WOS:000237435200018 PM 16198434 ER PT J AU Anderson, JK Howell, LL Wittwer, JW McLain, TW AF Anderson, Jeffrey K. Howell, Larry L. Wittwer, Jonathan W. McLain, Timothy W. TI Piezoresistive sensing of bistable micro mechanism state SO JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON; STRAIN-GAUGES; POLYSILICON; PRESSURE; SENSORS; MODEL AB The objective of this work is to demonstrate the feasibility of on-chip sensing of bistable mechanism state using the piezoresistive properties of polysilicon, thus eliminating the need for electrical contacts. Changes in position are detected by observing changes in resistance across the mechanism. Sensing the state of bistable mechanisms is critical for various applications, including high-acceleration sensing arrays and alternative forms of nonvolatile memory. A fully compliant bistable micro mechanism was designed, fabricated and tested to demonstrate the feasibility of this sensing technique. Testing results from two fabrication processes, SUMMiT IV and MUMPs, are presented. The SUMMiT mechanism was then integrated into various Wheatstone bridge configurations to investigate their potential advantages and to demonstrate various design layouts. Repeatable and detectable results were found with independent mechanisms and with those integrated into Wheatstone bridges. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Anderson, JK (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 435 CTB, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM lhowell@byu.edu RI Howell, Larry/A-6828-2008 OI Howell, Larry/0000-0001-8132-8822 NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0960-1317 J9 J MICROMECH MICROENG JI J. Micromech. Microeng. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 16 IS 5 BP 943 EP 950 DI 10.1088/0960-1317/16/5/010 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 050XV UT WOS:000238124300011 ER PT J AU Kirkpatrick, R Masiello, T Weber, A Nibler, JW AF Kirkpatrick, R Masiello, T Weber, A Nibler, JW TI Coherent Raman spectra of the nu(1) mode of (BF3)-B-10 and (BF3)-B-11 SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE coherent Raman spectroscopy; CARS spectroscopy; rovibrational spectrum; high resolution; ab initio; boron trifluoride; boron-10; boron-11 ID SYMMETRIC TOP MOLECULES; RESOLUTION INFRARED-SPECTRUM; SPIN STATISTICAL WEIGHTS; CARS SPECTRUM; 2-NU(3) BANDS; POINT-GROUPS; HOT BANDS; (SO3)-S-32-O-16; (SO3)-S-34-O-16; NU(2) AB High resolution (0.001 cm(-1)) coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) was used to directly examine the nu(1) symmetric stretching mode of the planar symmetric D-3h, molecules (BF3)-B-10 and (BF3)-B-11. Simulations of the spectra were done using nu(1) rovibrational parameters deduced from published infrared hot-band and difference-band studies and the close similarity to the observed CARS spectra confirms the validity of the infrared constants. No significant perturbations by Fermi resonance or Coriolis interactions with nearby states are observed, in marked contrast to the case of sulfur trioxide, a similar D-3h molecule recently studied. In the harmonic approximation. the (BF3)-B-10 and (BF3)-B-11 nu(1) Q-branches would be identical since the isotopic Substitution is at the center of mass but, interestingly, the nu(1) stretching frequency for (BF3)-B-11 is found to be 0.198 cm(-1) higher than for the lighter (BF3)-B-10 isotopomer. This counterintuitive result is reproduced almost exactly (0.200 cm(-1)) by ab initio calculations (B3LYP/cc-pVTZ) that included evaluation of cubic and quartic force constants and x(ij) anharmonicity constants. The ab initio computations also predict to within 1% the Delta B, Delta C changes in the rotational constants in going from the ground state to the nu(1) = 1 vibrational level. The results illustrate nicely the complementary interplay of modern infrared. Raman. and ab initio methods in obtaining and analyzing rovibrational spectra. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nibler, JW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Gilbert Hall 153, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Niblerj@chem.orst.edu RI Young, Nigel/B-5472-2010 NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 237 IS 1 BP 97 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2006.03.003 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 045LO UT WOS:000237743800012 ER PT J AU Keidar, M Waas, AM Raitses, Y Waldorff, EI AF Keidar, M Waas, AM Raitses, Y Waldorff, EI TI Modeling of the anodic arc discharge and conditions for single-wall carbon nanotube growth SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Growth Mechanisms of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) CY APR 08-12, 2005 CL Richard E Smalley Inst, Houston, TX SP Roce Univ, NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Rice Univ, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol HO Richard E Smalley Inst DE single-wall carbon nanotube; growth; modelling; arc discharge ID MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; DEPOSITION; MECHANISM; PRESSURE; CATHODE AB A model of the arc discharge used for a single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) synthesis is developed. Coupling solution of the non-equilibrium, Knudsen layer, with hydrodynamic layer and discharge column provides self-consistent solution for the ablation rate and plasma parameter distribution. It is predicted that the interelectrode gap decreases with the background pressure increase. Conditions for single wall carbon nanotube formation in the arc discharge method of nanotube synthesis are described. Carbon nanotube seed formation and charging in the interelectrode gap are found to be very important effects that may alter carbon nanotube formation in the cathode region. This model predicts that the long carbon nanotubes in the high pressure Helium environment can be deposited on the cathode surface. Model predictions are found to be in agreement with experiment. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Keidar, M (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 28 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 6 IS 5 BP 1309 EP 1314 DI 10.1166/jnn.2006.159 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 049QA UT WOS:000238030200014 PM 16792357 ER PT J AU Mao, YL Zhong, JX Yuan, JM Zhao, XL Ando, Y AF Mao, YL Zhong, JX Yuan, JM Zhao, XL Ando, Y TI A first-principle study of one-dimensional carbon atomic chain inserted single-wall carbon nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE first-principle; carbon nanowire; electronic structure ID METALLICITY AB Using first principles calculations, we investigate the atomic and electronic structure of carbon nanowires (CNWs) as the carbon chain inserted into single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). It indicates that the (5,5) CNW system exhibits metallic character, however, the insertion of carbon chain can transit a semi-conducting (9,0) SWCNT into a metallic. C1 Xiangtan Univ, Inst Modern Phys, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, Peoples R China. Xiangtan Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Adv Mat & Rheol Properties, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, Peoples R China. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Xiangtan Univ, Inst Computat & Appl Math, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, Peoples R China. Meijo Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Nagoya, Aichi 4688502, Japan. RP Mao, YL (reprint author), Xiangtan Univ, Inst Modern Phys, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, Peoples R China. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 6 IS 5 BP 1482 EP 1485 DI 10.1166/jnn.2006.315 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 049QA UT WOS:000238030200042 PM 16792385 ER PT J AU Johnson, AL Loewen, EP Ho, TT Koury, D Hosterman, B Younas, U Welch, J Farley, JW AF Johnson, AL Loewen, EP Ho, TT Koury, D Hosterman, B Younas, U Welch, J Farley, JW TI Spectroscopic and microscopic study of the corrosion of iron-silicon steel by lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) at elevated temperatures SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID PB-BI; OXIDATION RESISTANCE; STAINLESS-STEEL; OXYGEN CONCENTRATION; MARTENSITIC STEEL; MOLTEN LEAD; BEHAVIOR; ALLOYS; STABILITY; ADDITIONS AB The performance of iron-silica alloys with different silicon composition was evaluated after exposure to all isothermal bath of lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE). Four alloys were evaluated: pure iron, Fe-1.24%Si, Fe-2.55%Si and Fe-3.82%Si. The samples were exposed to LBE in a dynamic corrosion cell for periods from 700 to 1000 h at a temperature of 550 degrees C. After exposure, the thickness and composition of the oxide layer were examined using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), including sputter depth profiling. Particular attention was paid to the role, spatial distribution, and chemical speciation of silicon. Low-binding-energy silicon (probably silicates or SO44-) was found in the oxide; while elemental silicon (Si) was found in the metal as expected, and silica (SiO2) was found at the bottom of the oxide layer, consistent with the formation of a layer between the oxide and the metal. Alloys with low concentrations of Si contained only silicate in the oxide. Alloys with higher concentrations of Si contained a layer of silica at the boundary between the oxide and the bulk metal. All of the alloys examined showed signs of oxide failure. This study has implications for the role of silicon in the stability of the oxide layer in the corrosion of steel by LBE. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Johnson, AL (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, 4505 S Maryland Pkwy,POB 4003, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM aljohnson@ccmail.nevada.edu NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 350 IS 3 BP 221 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2005.12.007 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 041NG UT WOS:000237462300003 ER PT J AU Kurosawa, S Tanaka, S James, SC Yui, M AF Kurosawa, Susumu Tanaka, Satoru James, Scott C. Yui, Mikazu TI The effect of montmorillonite partial density on the role of colloid filtration by a bentonite buffer SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE high-level radioactive waste; geological disposal; safety assessment; bentonite buffer; radionuclide migration; colloid filtration ID EFFECTIVE DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENT; COMPACTED BENTONITE; CLAY; HOMOGENIZATION AB Japan's concept for high-level radioactive waste disposal includes a barrier of compacted bentonite (montmorillonite) that, based on its microstructure, buffers the waster package and prevents migration of colloids with sizes between 1 and 1,000 nm. However, results of experimental studies indicate that colloid migration through the barrier (breakthrough) depends upon the partial density of the montmorillonite buffer. To assess the possibility of colloid breakthrough, interstitial pore size as a function of montmorillonite partial density is estimated through a homogenization analysis. Homogenization analysis indicates that interstitial pores sizes of <= 1 nm may be achieved for montmorillonite partial densities in excess of 1.2 Mg/m(3). It should be noted that this estimation depends upon the specific structural/geometric parameters of the compacted bentonite under consideration. C1 Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Ibaraki 3191194, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kurosawa, S (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Ibaraki 3191194, Japan. EM kurosawa.susumu@jaea.go.jp OI James, Scott/0000-0001-7955-0491 NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU ATOMIC ENERGY SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 1-1-13 SHIMBASHI MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105, JAPAN SN 0022-3131 J9 J NUCL SCI TECHNOL JI J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 43 IS 5 BP 605 EP 609 DI 10.3327/jnst.43.605 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 062IJ UT WOS:000238937500012 ER PT J AU Mendell, MJ Cozen, M Lei-Gomez, Q Brightman, HS Erdmann, CA Girman, JR Womble, SE AF Mendell, MJ Cozen, M Lei-Gomez, Q Brightman, HS Erdmann, CA Girman, JR Womble, SE TI Indicators of moisture and ventilation system contamination in US office buildings as risk factors for respiratory and mucous membrane symptoms: Analyses of the EPA BASE data SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE indoor air quality; moisture; mold; symptoms; office building ID DAMPNESS; HEALTH; WORKERS; ASSOCIATIONS; EXPOSURE; MOLDS AB We assessed associations between indicators for moisture in office buildings and weekly, building-related lower respiratory and mucous membrane symptoms in office workers, using the U.S. EPA BASE data, collected in a representative sample of 100 U.S. office buildings. We estimated the strength of associations between the symptom outcomes and moisture indicators in multivariate logistic regression models as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), controlling for potential confounding factors and adjusting for correlation among workers in buildings. This analysis identified associations between building-related symptoms and several indicators of moisture or contamination in office buildings. One set of models showed almost a tripling of weekly building-related lower respiratory symptoms in association with lack of cleaning of the drip pans under air-conditioning cooling coils (OR [CI] = 2.8 (1.2-65)). Other models found that lack of cleaning of either drip pans or cooling coils was associated with increased mucous membrane symptoms (OR [CI] = 1.4 (1.1-1.9)). Slightly increased symptoms were also associated with other moisture indicators, especially mucous membrane symptoms and past water damage to building mechanical rooms (OR [CI] = 1.3 (1.0-1.7)). Overall, these findings suggest that the presence of moisture or contamination in ventilation systems or occupied spaces in office buildings may have adverse respiratory or irritant effects on workers. The analysis, however, failed to confirm several risks identified in a previous study, such as condition of drain pans or outdoor air intakes, and other hypothesized moisture risks. Studies with more rigorous measurement of environmental risks and health outcomes will be necessary to define moisture-related risks in buildings. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US EPA, Indoor Environm Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Mendell, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mjmendell@lbl.gov NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 3 IS 5 BP 225 EP 233 DI 10.1080/15459620600628589 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 037SI UT WOS:000237166900002 PM 16574606 ER PT J AU Zhu, YH Sia, SLP Carpenter, K Kooli, F Kemp, RA AF Zhu Yinghuai Sia, Shirley Lo Pei Carpenter, Keith Kooli, Fethi Kemp, Richard A. TI Syntheses and catalytic activities of single-wall carbon nanotubes- supported nickel(II) metallacarboranes for olefin polymerization SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Intercalation Compounds (ISIC 13) CY JUN 06-09, 2005 CL Clermont Ferrand, FRANCE SP Thermo Electron Corp, Bruker AXS, Horiba Jobin Yvon, Jacomex, Boc Edwards, Inel DE nanostructures; organometallic compounds; chemical synthesis; nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) ID COMPLEXES; RHODIUM; IONS AB Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)-supported nickel (11) carborane complex, ([closo-l-Ni(PPh3)(2)-2-Me-3-((CH2)(4)NH-)-eta(5)-2,3C(2)B(9)H(9)][OEt])(n)(SWCNT) (3) has been synthesized by the reaction of in situ prepared nido-C2B9-carborane-functionalized SWCNTs, ([Na+][1-Me-2-((CH2)(4)NH-)-1,2-C2B9H10][OEt])(n)(SWCNT) (1) with dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)nickeI (11) (2). Reaction of closo-1-Me-1,2-C2B10H11 (4) with n-butyllithium followed by treatment with 1-bromopentane results in the formation of closo-1 -Me-2-pentyl- 1,2-C2B10H10 (5) in 91 % yield. After decapitation of (5) with sodium hydroxide in refluxing ethanol, the salt Na[nido-7-Me-8-pentyl-7,8-C2B9H10] (6) has been obtained in 77% yield. For the purpose of comparison of catalytic activity, homogeneous analogue closo-l-Ni(PPh3)(2)-2-Me-3-Pentyl-eta(5)-2,3C(2)B(9)H(9) (7) has been prepared in 83% from its nido-precursor (6). The above synthesized nickel complexes (3) and (7) have been tested as moderately active catalysts for olefin polymerization in the presence of the co-catalyst MAO. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Chem & Engn Sci Ltd, Singapore 627833, Singapore. Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Zhu, YH (reprint author), Inst Chem & Engn Sci Ltd, 1 Pesek Rd,Jurong Isl, Singapore 627833, Singapore. EM zhu_yinghuai@ices.a-star.edu.sg NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 67 IS 5-6 SI SI BP 1218 EP 1222 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2006.01.072 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 066WQ UT WOS:000239261500070 ER PT J AU Lawley, S Bentz, W Thomas, AW AF Lawley, S. Bentz, W. Thomas, A. W. TI Nucleons, nuclear matter and quark matter: a unified NJL approach SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID JONA-LASINIO MODEL; CLOUDY BAG MODEL; NEUTRON-STARS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; DYNAMICAL MODEL; COMPACT STARS; 3RD FAMILY; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; CHROMODYNAMICS; EQUILIBRIUM AB We use an effective quark model to describe both hadronic matter and deconfined quark matter. By calculating the equations of state and the corresponding neutron star properties, we show that the internal properties of the nucleon have important implications for the properties of these systems. C1 Univ Adelaide, Special Res Ctr Subatom Struct Matter, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Tokai Univ, Dept Phys, Sch Sci, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 2591292, Japan. RP Lawley, S (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Special Res Ctr Subatom Struct Matter, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. EM slawley@jlab.org RI Thomas, Anthony/G-4194-2012 OI Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X NR 59 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 32 IS 5 BP 667 EP 679 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/32/5/006 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 055AS UT WOS:000238422200007 ER PT J AU Pyda, M Nowak-Pyda, E Heeg, J Huth, H Minakov, AA Di Lorenzo, ML Schick, C Wunderlich, B AF Pyda, M Nowak-Pyda, E Heeg, J Huth, H Minakov, AA Di Lorenzo, ML Schick, C Wunderlich, B TI Melting and crystallization of poly(butylene terephthalate) by temperature-modulated and superfast calorimetry SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE calorimetry; crystallinity; heat capacity; poly(butylene terephthalate); reversing heat capacity; rigid-amorphous fraction; superfast calorimetry; TMDSC ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; HEAT-CAPACITY; ISOTHERMAL CRYSTALLIZATION; THERMAL-ANALYSIS; X-RAY; BEHAVIOR; PHASE; MACROMOLECULES; REORGANIZATION; TRANSITIONS AB Quantitative temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC) and superfast thin-film chip calorimetry (SFCC) are applied to poly(butylene terephthalate)s (PBT) of different thermal histories. The data are compared with those of earlier measured heat capacities of semicrystalline PBT by adiabatic calorimetry and standard DSC. The solid and liquid heat capacities, which were linked to the vibrational and conformational molecular motion, serve as references for the quantitative analyses. Using TMDSC, the thermodynamic and kinetic responses are separated between glass and melting temperature. The changes in crystallinity are evaluated, along with the mobile-amorphous and rigid-amorphous fractions with glass transitions centered at 314 and 375 K. The SFCC showed a surprising bimodal change in crystallization rates with temperature, which stretches down to 300 K. The earlier reported thermal activity at about 248 K was followed by SFCC and TMDSC and could be shown to be an irreversible endotherm and is not caused by a glass transition and rigid-amorphous fraction, as assumed earlier. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Technol, Dept Chem, PL-35959 Rzeszow, Poland. Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. CNR, Ist Chim & Tecnol Polimeri, I-80078 Pozzuoli, NA, Italy. RP Wunderlich, B (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, AM Prokhorov Gen Phys Inst, Nat Sci Res Ctr, Vavilov St 38, Moscow 119991, Russia. EM Wunderlich@CharterTN.net RI Huth, Heiko/K-5449-2012; Schick, Christoph/C-1154-2009; Di Lorenzo, Maria Laura/N-5692-2015; OI Schick, Christoph/0000-0001-6736-5491; Minakov, Alexander/0000-0002-1634-070X NR 57 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-6266 EI 1099-0488 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 44 IS 9 BP 1364 EP 1377 DI 10.1002/polb.20789 PG 14 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 033PG UT WOS:000236860600009 ER PT J AU Cassibry, JT Thio, YCF Markusic, TE Wu, ST AF Cassibry, JT Thio, YCF Markusic, TE Wu, ST TI Numerical modeling of a pulsed electromagnetic plasma thruster experiment SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID FIELD MAGNETOPLASMADYNAMIC THRUSTERS; OPENING SWITCH; PART 1; CONDUCTION; MACH2; CODE; FLUX; GUN AB We assessed the behavior and capabilities of a two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic modeling code with a new tabular equation of state model for high-power pulsed plasma thrusters. The numerical results enabled detailed interpretation of the experimental data from a similar to 10-kJ pulsed coaxial plasma accelerator with ablative breech insulator pplytetrafluoroethylene. Our analysis showed that the initial conditions and ablation rate are critical to the behavior of the current sheet evolution in the numerical model. Qualitative agreement was obtained between the two-dimensional numerical model and experimental results, but there were significant quantitative discrepancies. The two-dimensional model indicates that some of the current remains trapped near the breech, because of the ablation of material off the breech boundary, Which appears to be supported by the experimental data. The sensitivity of the model to initial prefill density (small in comparison with the ablated mass) and ablation rate suggests that future modeling efforts involving high-power ablative fed pulsed plasma thrusters using the approach discussed in the paper should include a first-principles ablation model, together with density, temperature, and ablation rate estimates from the experimental apparatus. C1 Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. US DOE, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Cassibry, JT (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RI Thio, Yong Chia/G-5442-2014 OI Thio, Yong Chia/0000-0003-3615-643X NR 42 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 628 EP 636 DI 10.2514/1.16215 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 045VN UT WOS:000237770900019 ER PT J AU Luo, QZ Tang, KQ Yang, F Elias, A Shen, YF Moore, RJ Zhao, R Hixson, KK Rossie, SS Smith, RD AF Luo, QZ Tang, KQ Yang, F Elias, A Shen, YF Moore, RJ Zhao, R Hixson, KK Rossie, SS Smith, RD TI More sensitive and quantitative proteomic measurements using very low flow rate porous silica monolithic LC columns with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE quantitative proteomics; ion suppression; label free approach; microSPE-nanoLC-ESI-MS; silica-based monolithic column; Western blot analysis ID CODED AFFINITY TAGS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PROTEIN MIXTURES; ENZYMATIC DIGESTION; POLYMER MONOLITH; COMPLEX PEPTIDE; ATTOMOLE LEVEL; MS; MS/MS; NANOELECTROSPRAY AB The sensitivity of proteomics measurements using liquid chromatography (LC) separations interfaced with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) improves approximately inversely with liquid flow rate (for the columns having the same separation efficiency, linear velocity, and porosity), making attractive the use of smaller inner diameter LC columns. We report the development and initial application of 10 mu m i.d. silica-based monolithic LC columns providing more sensitive proteomics measurements. A 50-mu m-i.d. micro solid-phase extraction precolumn was used for ease of sample injection and cleanup prior to the reversed-phase LC separation, enabling the sample volume loading speed to be increased by similar to 50-fold. Greater than 10-fold improvement in sensitivity was obtained compared to analyses using more conventional capillary LC, enabling e.g. the identification of > 5000 different peptides by MS/MS from 100-ng of a Shewanella oneidensis tryptic digest using an ion trap MS. The low nL/min LC flow rates provide more uniform responses for different pepticles, and provided improved quantitative measurements compared to conventional separation systems without the use of internal standards or isotopic labeling. The improved sensitivity allowed LC-MS measurements of immunopurified protein phosphatase 5 that were in good agreement with quantitative Western blot analyses. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Biochem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Purdue Canc Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rds@pnl.gov RI Luo, Quanzhou/B-4908-2011; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR18522]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS031221] NR 45 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 5 IS 5 BP 1091 EP 1097 DI 10.1021/pr050424y PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 040OT UT WOS:000237390200007 PM 16674098 ER PT J AU Balasubramanian, K Khokhani, K Basak, SC AF Balasubramanian, K Khokhani, K Basak, SC TI Complex graph matrix representations and characterizations of proteomic maps and chemically induced changes to proteomes SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE 2D-gel pattern; proteome characterization; graph theory of proteome; chemically induced response; complex matrices ID CHARACTERISTIC-POLYNOMIALS; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; COMPUTER-GENERATION; LIVER PROTEINS; SEQUENCES; INVARIANTS AB We have presented a complex graph matrix representation to characterize proteomics maps obtained from 2D-gel electrophoresis. In this method, each bubble in a 2D-gel proteornics map is represented by a complex number with components which are charge and mass. Then, a graph with complex weights is constructed by connecting the vertices in the relative order of abundance. This yields adjacency matrices and distance matrices of the proteornics graph with complex weights. We have computed the spectra, eigenvectors, and other properties of complex graphs and the Euclidian/graph distance obtained from the complex graphs. The leading eigenvalues and eigenvectors and, likewise, the smallest eigenvalues and eigenvectors, and the entire graph spectral patterns of the complex matrices derived from them yield novel weighted biodescriptors that characterize proteomics maps with information of charge and masses of proteins. We have also applied these eigenvector and eigenvalue maps to contrast the normal cells and cells exposed to four peroxisome proliferators, namely, clofibrate, diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHIP), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluoroctanoic acid (PFOA). Our complex eigenspectra show that the proteomic response induced by DEHP differs from the corresponding responses of other three chemicals consistent with their chemical structures and properties. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif State Univ Hayward, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. RP Balasubramanian, K (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM balu@llnl.gov NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 5 IS 5 BP 1133 EP 1142 DI 10.1021/pr050445s PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 040OT UT WOS:000237390200011 PM 16674102 ER PT J AU Yang, F Stenoien, DL Strittmatter, EF Wang, JH Ding, LH Lipton, MS Monroe, ME Nicora, CD Gristenko, MA Tang, KQ Fang, RH Adkins, JN Camp, DG Chen, DJ Smith, RD AF Yang, F Stenoien, DL Strittmatter, EF Wang, JH Ding, LH Lipton, MS Monroe, ME Nicora, CD Gristenko, MA Tang, KQ Fang, RH Adkins, JN Camp, DG Chen, DJ Smith, RD TI Phosphoproteome profiling of human skin fibroblast cells in response to low- and high-dose irradiation SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE phosphoproteome profiling; mass spectrometry; normal human skin fibroblast phosphoproteome; low-dose irradiation; high-dose irradiation ID DISSOCIATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; IONIZING-RADIATION; TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; PROTEIN DATABASE; ACTIVATION; APOPTOSIS; MITOSIS; TRANSLATION AB A hallmark of the response to high-dose radiation is the up-regulation and phosphorylation of proteins involved in cell cycle checkpoint control, DNA damage signaling, DNA repair, and apoptosis. Exposure of cells to low doses of radiation has well documented biological effects, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms are still poorly understood. The objective of this study is to provide an initial profile of the normal human skin fibroblast (HSF) phosphoproteome and explore potential differences between low- and high-dose irradiation responses at the protein phosphorylation level. Several techniques including Trizol extraction of proteins, methylation of tryptic peptides, enrichment of phosphopeptides with immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC), nanoflow reversed-phase HPLC (nano-LC)/electrospray ionization, and tandem mass spectrometry were combined for analysis of the HSF cell phosphoproteome. Among 494 unique phosphopeptides, 232 were singly phosphorylated, while 262 peptides had multiple phosphorylation sites indicating the overall effectiveness of the IMAC technique to enrich both singly and multiply phosphorylated peptides. We observed similar to 1.9-fold and similar to 3.6-fold increases in the number of identified phosphopeptides in low-dose and high-dose samples respectively, suggesting both radiation levels stimulate cell signaling pathways. A 6-fold increase in the phosphorylation of cyclin dependent kinase (cdk) motifs was observed after low- dose irradiation, while high-dose irradiation stimulated phosphorylation of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) and AKT/RSK motifs 8.5- and 5.5-fold, respectively. High- dose radiation resulted in the increased phosphorylation of proteins involved in cell signaling pathways as well as apoptosis while low-dose and control phosphoproteins were broadly distributed among biological processes. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. UT SW Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Div Mol Radiat Biol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rds@pnl.gov RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Adkins, Joshua/B-9881-2013 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Adkins, Joshua/0000-0003-0399-0700 NR 42 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 5 IS 5 BP 1252 EP 1260 DI 10.1021/pr060028v PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 040OT UT WOS:000237390200025 PM 16674116 ER PT J AU Adams, ML Sinars, DB Scott, HA AF Adams, ML Sinars, DB Scott, HA TI General computational spectroscopic framework applied to Z-pinch dynamic hohlraum K-shell argon spectra SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE plasma spectroscopy; plasma diagnostic techniques; X-ray spectra; Z-pinch dynamic hohlraum experiments ID PLASMAS/ AB We describe a general computational spectroscopic framework for interpreting observed spectra. The framework compares synthetic spectra with measured spectra, then optimizes the agreement using the DAKOTA toolkit to minimize a merit function that incorporates established spectroscopic techniques. We generate synthetic spectra using the self-consistent nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium atomic kinetics and radiative transfer code CRETIN, relativistic atomic structure and cross-section data from HULLAC, and detailed spectral line shapes from TOTALB. We test the capabilities of both our synthetic spectra model and general spectroscopic framework by analyzing a K-shell argon spectrum from a Z-pinch dynamic hohlraum inertial confinement fusion capsule implosion experiment. The framework obtains close agreement between an experimental spectrum measured by a time integrated focusing spectrometer and the optimal synthetic spectrum. The synthetic spectra show that considering the spatial extent of the capsule and including the effects of optically thick resonance lines significantly affects the interpretation of measured spectra. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Adams, ML (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-018,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM mladams@llnl.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.05.002 PG 9 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 009KR UT WOS:000235111300001 ER PT J AU Alexiou, S Lee, RW AF Alexiou, S Lee, RW TI Semiclassical calculations of line broadening in plasmas: Comparison with quantal results SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE semiclassical Stark broadening; quantal Stark broadening ID WIDTH CALCULATIONS; SHAPE MEASUREMENT; ATOMIC DATA; B III; TRANSITIONS AB We here report the resolution of (factor of 2) discrepancies in electron broadening of isolated ion lines between semiclassical nonperturbative and fully quantal close-coupling and convergent close-coupling calculations. The major reason for these discrepancies was the neglect of penetration by the semiclassical calculations. This, however, is not an inherent shortcoming of semiclassical calculations and has now been included. As a result the discrepancies between quantal and semiclassical calculations are much smaller. The most serious remaining discrepancy is due to the neglect of back-reaction by semiclassical calculations (which again may be included in principle, though doing so would be much harder). Further tests for hydrogen and H-like lines, for which back-reaction is not an issue, would be interesting. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lee, RW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-399,POB 808,700 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM RWLee@Berkeley.edu NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 10 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.05.001 PG 11 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 009KR UT WOS:000235111300002 ER PT J AU Back, CA Feldman, U Weaver, JL Seely, JF Constantin, C Holland, G Lee, RW Chung, HK Scott, HA AF Back, CA Feldman, U Weaver, JL Seely, JF Constantin, C Holland, G Lee, RW Chung, HK Scott, HA TI Absolute, time-resolved emission of non-LTE L-shell spectra from Ti-doped aerogels SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE non-LTE; Ti L-shell emission; laser-produced plasma; transmission grating; aerogel ID TRANSMISSION GRATING SPECTROMETER; LASER-PRODUCED PLASMAS; CALIBRATION; FACILITY AB Outstanding discrepancies between data and calculations of laser-produced plasmas in recombination have been observed since the 1980s. Although improvements in hydrodynamic modeling may reduce the discrepancies, there are indications that non-LTE atomic kinetics may be the dominant cause. Experiments to investigate non-LTE effects were recently performed at the NIKE KrF laser on low-density Ti-doped aerogels. The laser irradiated a 2 mm diameter, cylindrical sample of various lengths with a 4-ns square pulse to create a volumetrically heated plasma. Ti L-shell spectra spanning a range of 0.47-3 keV were obtained with a transmission grating coupled to Si photodiodes. The diagnostic can be configured to provide 1-dimensional spatial resolution at a single photon energy, or 18 discrete energies with a resolving power, lambda/delta lambda of 3-20. The data are examined and compared to calculations to develop absolute emission measurements that can provide new tests of the non-LTE physics. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-21, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM tinaback@llnl.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 21 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.04.014 PG 14 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 009KR UT WOS:000235111300003 ER PT J AU Bowen, C Lee, RW Ralchenko, Y AF Bowen, C Lee, RW Ralchenko, Y TI Comparing plasma population kinetics codes: Review of the NLTE-3 Kinetics Workshop SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Review DE atomic physics; atomic spectra; ionization equilibrium; NLTE population kinetics ID MODEL; RECOMBINATION; OPACITIES; IONS; NI AB Comparison of plasma population kinetics codes, which has become an important tool for their testing and verification, was the subject of the third Non-LTE Code Comparison Workshop held at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in December 2003. The motivations for the workshop are presented here, together with its technical organization. The cases studied range from carbon to gold, and include both steady-state and time-dependent calculations. The set of results represents the current capabilities in kinetics modeling, and illustrates the effectiveness of this workshop approach to code comparisons. It was found that good agreement between codes and with experiments is observed near closed shells, but significant differences exist otherwise, or when density effects are important. On a more general level, we discuss how to meaningfully compare kinetics data. We conclude with plans for the next workshop and for a kinetics database. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CEA, DIF, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP CEA, DIF, BP 12, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. EM christopher.bowen@cea.fr RI Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 NR 27 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 102 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.05.008 PG 18 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 009KR UT WOS:000235111300009 ER PT J AU Burris-Mog, TJ Mancini, RC Bailey, JE Chandler, GA Rochau, G Dunham, G Lake, PW Peterson, K Slutz, SA Mehlhorn, TA Golovkin, IE MacFarlane, JJ AF Burris-Mog, TJ Mancini, RC Bailey, JE Chandler, GA Rochau, G Dunham, G Lake, PW Peterson, K Slutz, SA Mehlhorn, TA Golovkin, IE MacFarlane, JJ TI Line broadening analysis of implosion core conditions at Z using argon K-shell spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE X-ray spectroscopy; line broadening; plasma diagnostics ID PROFILES; PLASMAS; CAPSULES; EMISSION; OPACITY AB We report on spectral line broadening analysis of Ar K-shell lines from argon-doped implosion cores driven by a dynamic hohlraum z-pinch. The observed Ar spectra include emissions from the resonance series in H- and He-like Ar ions, i.e., Ly alpha, Ly beta and Ly gamma, and He alpha, He beta, He gamma and He delta lines, respectively. The analysis accounts for opacity and Stark broadening to determine electron density, N-e, and areal-density, N Delta R, values for the ground state populations of H- and He-like Ar ions. Furthermore, these results are combined with the ratio of H- and He-like ground state populations to extract the electron temperatures T-e. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Prism Computat Sci, Madison, WI 53703 USA. RP Burris-Mog, TJ (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM burris@physics.unr.edu NR 15 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 120 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.05.009 PG 11 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 009KR UT WOS:000235111300010 ER PT J AU Filevich, J Rocca, JJ Marconi, MC Moon, SJ Nilsen, J Scofield, JH Dunn, J Smith, RF Keenan, R Hunter, JR Shlyaptsev, VN AF Filevich, J Rocca, JJ Marconi, MC Moon, SJ Nilsen, J Scofield, JH Dunn, J Smith, RF Keenan, R Hunter, JR Shlyaptsev, VN TI Observation of multiply ionized plasmas with dominant bound electron contribution to the index of refraction SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE interferometry; soft X-ray laser; index of refraction; plasmas; anomalous dispersion ID X-RAY LASER; TABLETOP LASER; INTERFEROMETRY; PHOTOABSORPTION; DIAGNOSTICS AB We report anomalous fringe shifts observed in soft X-ray laser interferograms of laser-created Al plasmas. This clear experimental evidence shows that the contribution of bound electrons can dominate the index of refraction of laser-created plasmas at soft X-ray wavelengths, resulting in values greater than 1. The comparison of measured and simulated interferograms shows that this results from the dominant contribution of low-charge ions to the index of refraction. This usually neglected bound electron contribution can affect the propagation of soft X-ray radiation in plasmas and the interferometric diagnostics of plasmas for many elements. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, NSF ERC Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis Livermore, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94451 USA. RP Filevich, J (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, NSF ERC Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM rage@engr.colostate.edu NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 165 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.05.013 PG 10 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 009KR UT WOS:000235111300014 ER PT J AU Fontes, CJ Colgan, J Zhang, HL Abdallah, J AF Fontes, CJ Colgan, J Zhang, HL Abdallah, J TI Large-scale kinetics modeling of non-LTE plasmas SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE NLTE kinetics; parallel computing; xenon spectra ID HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS AB Improvements continue to be made in the modeling capabilities provided by the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) suite of atomic data codes. Recent work includes the addition of parallel rate matrix solvers when obtaining the atomic populations necessary to model non-LTE plasmas and the use of various interpolation techniques to obtain the vast amounts of atomic cross sections and rates that are required to build the data models. These enhancements have enabled the creation of models that contain more than one million relativistic configurations. The ATOMIC code has recently been used to synthesize spectra from such large models with two completely independent, sparse solvers: a serial, iterative, generalized minimum residual algorithm and a parallel, iterative, algebraic multigrid approach. The populations resulting from these two methods can be compared directly in order to determine how sensitive is the solution to the positioning of the usual boundary condition associated with charge neutrality. This sensitivity is an important concern when such large systems of equations are being considered. Additionally, this enhancement in model size can be used to better determine the convergence of calculated spectra with respect to model size. As an application of these capabilities, comparisons with a recent xenon experiment are discussed. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fontes, CJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, X-5, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cjf@lanl.gov OI Colgan, James/0000-0003-1045-3858 NR 12 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 175 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.05.014 PG 11 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 009KR UT WOS:000235111300015 ER PT J AU Fournier, KB Constantin, C Back, CA Suter, L Chung, HK Miller, MC Froula, DH Gregori, G Glenzer, SH Dewald, EL Landen, OL AF Fournier, KB Constantin, C Back, CA Suter, L Chung, HK Miller, MC Froula, DH Gregori, G Glenzer, SH Dewald, EL Landen, OL TI Electron-density scaling of conversion efficiency of laser energy into L-shell X-rays SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE laser plasma; X-ray conversion efficiency; underdense radiator ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; OMEGA-LASER; PLASMAS; TARGETS; BEAM; NOVA AB Laser-produced plasmas at subcritical densities have proven to be efficient sources for X-ray production. In this context, we obtain experimental results from Kr and Xe gas-filled targets that were irradiated by the OMEGA (Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester) laser. Nearly 40% of the laser energy was converted into X-rays in the L-shell-photon-energy range (>= 1.6 keV) by a Kr-filled target. The conversion efficiency measurements were correlated with time-resolved plasma-temperature measurements done by means of a Thomson-scattering diagnostic. The measured range of temperatures, between 2-3.5 keV, is in good agreement with LASNEX radiation-hydrodynamics simulations. X-ray-cooling rates and charge-state distributions were computed using detailed atomic data from the HULLAC suite of codes. X-ray yields predicted by the cooling-rate calculations are compared to measured spectra, and good agreement is found for predictions made with highly-detailed atomic models. We find that X-ray conversion efficiency in Kr-filled targets is a strong function of temperature, and has an optimum density near 15% of the laser's critical density. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Fournier, KB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM fournier2@llnl.gov NR 25 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 186 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.04.008 PG 13 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 009KR UT WOS:000235111300016 ER PT J AU Golovkin, IE MacFarlane, JJ Woodruff, PR Bailey, JE Rochau, G Peterson, K Mehlhorn, TA Mancini, RC AF Golovkin, IE MacFarlane, JJ Woodruff, PR Bailey, JE Rochau, G Peterson, K Mehlhorn, TA Mancini, RC TI Spectroscopic analysis and NLTE radiative cooling effects in ICF capsule implosions with mid-Z dopants SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE radiation hydrodynamics; radiation transport; NLTE atomic kinetics; high-energy-density plasmas AB K-shell emission spectroscopy is commonly used to diagnose the core temperature and density of ICF implosions. In addition to providing diagnostic information, mid-Z dopants can also change the implosion dynamics. Hydrodynamics simulations are performed with the code HELIOS-CR, which includes inline collisional-radiative, time-dependent, atomic kinetics. Calculations include the effects of bound-bound, bound-free, and free-free contributions to the plasma emission and opacity. In particular, we will address the impact of line radiation cooling on implosion dynamics and demonstrate the effect for characteristic target designs used at Z. Calculated plasma core temperature and density distributions are then used to compute emission spectra. To this end, we utilize the multi-dimensional collisional-radiative spectral analysis code SPECT3D. Comprehensive atomic models, including K-shell satellite and inner-shell transitions, are used so that detailed spectra can be computed and compared with experimental spectra. Atomic level populations can be computed using time-dependent atomic kinetics, or a steady-state approximation. In this paper, we will discuss details of the calculations and compare our results against experimental data. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Prism Computat Sci, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys 220, Reno, NV USA. RP Prism Computat Sci, 455 Sci Dr,Suite 140, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM golovkin@prism-cs.com NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 199 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.05.015 PG 10 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 009KR UT WOS:000235111300017 ER PT J AU Graziani, F AF Graziani, F TI The stochastic radiative transfer equation: Quantum damping, Kirchoffs law and NLTE SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE radiation transport; non-local thermodynamic equilibrium; stochastic systems ID EQUILIBRIUM AB A method based on the theory of quantum damping is presented, for deriving a self consistent but approximate form of the quantum transport for photons interacting with a fully ionized electron plasma. Specifically, we propose in this paper a technique of approximately including the effects of background plasma on a photon distribution function without directly solving any kinetic equations for the plasma itself. The result is a quantum Langevin equation for the photon number operator; the quantum radiative transfer equation. A dissipation term appears which is the imaginary part of the dielectric function for an electron gas with photon mediated electron-electron interactions due to absorption and re-emission. It depends only on the initial state of the plasma. A quantum noise operator also appears as a result of spontaneous emission of photons from the electron plasma. The thermal expectation value of this noise operator yields the emissivity which is exactly of the form of the Kirchoff-Planck relation. This non-zero thermal expectation value is a direct consequence of a fluctuation-dissipation relation (FDR). (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Appl Sci Comp, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Graziani, F (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Appl Sci Comp, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 808,L905, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM graziani1@llnl.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 209 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.05.016 PG 16 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 009KR UT WOS:000235111300018 ER PT J AU Gregori, G Glenzer, SH Chung, HK Froula, DH Lee, RW Meezan, NB Moody, JD Niemann, C Landen, OL Holst, B Redmer, R Regan, SP Sawada, H AF Gregori, G Glenzer, SH Chung, HK Froula, DH Lee, RW Meezan, NB Moody, JD Niemann, C Landen, OL Holst, B Redmer, R Regan, SP Sawada, H TI Measurement of carbon ionization balance in high-temperature plasma mixtures by temporally resolved X-ray scattering SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE laser-produced plasmas; X-ray scattering; equation of state ID DENSE METAL PLASMAS; THOMSON SCATTERING; COMPTON SCATTERING; ELECTRON-GAS; MATTER; SPECTROSCOPY; LIQUID; MODEL; NOVA AB We have measured carbon ionization balance in a multi-component plasma in the high-temperature, up to fully ionized, regime by spectrally resolved X-ray scattering. In particular, the measurements have been performed in an underdense (n(e) approximate to 10(21) cm(-3)) 0.35-mu m laser-produced plasma, containing a mixture of C, H with Al and Ar impurities, by using time-resolved back-scattered spectra from a 9.0 keV Zn He-alpha X-ray probe detected with a high-efficiency graphite Bragg crystal coupled to a framing camera. Measured values for the plasma temperature and carbon ionization state as well as impurity concentrations were obtained by fitting the Doppler-broadened and Compton-shifted scattered spectra at various times after the plasma heating with a modified X-ray form factor that includes the full effects of cross-correlation between different species. These data test collisional-radiative and radiation hydrodynamics modeling from cold (T(e)less than or similar to 5 eV) to fully ionized carbon (T(e)similar to 280 eV). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Gregori, G (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM gregori1@llnl.gov RI Holst, Bastian/D-2217-2011; Redmer, Ronald/F-3046-2013; OI Holst, Bastian/0000-0002-2369-3730; Sawada, Hiroshi/0000-0002-7972-9894 NR 44 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 225 EP 237 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.05.017 PG 13 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 009KR UT WOS:000235111300019 ER PT J AU Gunderson, MA Haynes, DA Kilcrease, DP AF Gunderson, MA Haynes, DA Kilcrease, DP TI Using semiclassical models for electron broadening and line shift calculations of Delta n=0 and Delta n not equal 0 dipole transitions SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE line shifts; Stark broadening ID PLASMAS; ALUMINUM AB Semiclassical electron broadening and shift models have significantly differing behaviors for Delta n = 0 and Delta n not equal 0 transitions. Delta n = 0 transitions generally are not susceptible to large, diagnostically observable shifts due to significant mixing and quenching between upper and lower states. Large shifts typically occur for Delta n not equal 0 transitions where the lower states are much more tightly bound than the upper states therefore resulting in negligible mixing and quenching effects. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663 MS T085, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM magx@lanl.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 255 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.05.019 PG 10 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 009KR UT WOS:000235111300022 ER PT J AU Hakel, P Sherrill, ME Mazevet, S Abdallah, J Colgan, J Kilcrease, DP Magee, NH Fontes, CJ Zhang, HL AF Hakel, P Sherrill, ME Mazevet, S Abdallah, J Colgan, J Kilcrease, DP Magee, NH Fontes, CJ Zhang, HL TI The new Los Alamos opacity code ATOMIC SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE opacity; equation of state; parallel computing ID ELECTRON-ION PLASMAS; EQUATION-OF-STATE AB In this work we report on developments of ATOMIC, a Los Alamos code designed to compute opacities under both LTE and non-LTE conditions for a large range of elements. We report here, for the first time, data associated with the newly generated Rosseland opacity table for oxygen. In addition, the various equation-of-state packages, absorption spectra generation packages, and parallel techniques used in the generation of this table will be discussed. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hakel@lanl.gov OI Colgan, James/0000-0003-1045-3858; Hakel, Peter/0000-0002-7936-4231; Kilcrease, David/0000-0002-2319-5934 NR 15 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 265 EP 271 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.04.007 PG 7 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 009KR UT WOS:000235111300023 ER PT J AU Hansen, SB Fournier, KB Bauche-Arnoult, C Bauche, J Peyrusse, O AF Hansen, SB Fournier, KB Bauche-Arnoult, C Bauche, J Peyrusse, O TI A comparison of detailed level and superconfiguration models of neon SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE superconfiguration; collisional-radiative; non-LTE; effective temperature ID LTE HOT PLASMAS; EQUILIBRIUM PLASMAS; COMPLEX SPECTRA; TEMPERATURE LAW; HEAVY-ATOMS; EXCITATION AB The superconfiguration (SC) approach to collisional-radiative modeling can significantly decrease the computational demands of finding non-LTE level populations in complex systems. However, it has not yet been fully determined whether the statistical averaging of SC models leads to a significant loss of accuracy. The present work compares results from two independent models: a detailed-level accounting (DLA) model based on HULLAC data and the SC model MOST. The relatively simple level structures of the K- and L-shell ions of the neon test system ensure a tractable number of levels for the DLA model but challenge the statistical assumptions of the SC approach. Nonetheless, we find fair agreement between the two models for average ion charges, SC populations, and various effective temperatures. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lab Aimee Cotton, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Bordeaux 1, CEA, CNRS, UMR 5107,CELIA, F-33405 Talence, France. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-473, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hansen50@llnl.gov NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 272 EP 282 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.05.021 PG 11 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 009KR UT WOS:000235111300024 ER PT J AU Hoarty, DJ Bentley, CD Crowley, BJB Davidson, SJ Gales, SG Graham, P Harris, JWO Iglesias, CA James, SF Smith, CC AF Hoarty, DJ Bentley, CD Crowley, BJB Davidson, SJ Gales, SG Graham, P Harris, JWO Iglesias, CA James, SF Smith, CC TI The effect of line-broadening on the overall width of transition arrays in dense plasmas SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE high density plasma; X-ray spectroscopy; Stark effect ID LOCAL THERMODYNAMIC-EQUILIBRIUM; ALUMINUM; LASER; ABSORPTION; SIMULATION; DENSITIES; TARGET AB Experiments have been performed, using the HELEN laser, to measure absorption spectra in the temperature range 20-60 eV and density range 0.5-3 g/cm(3). K-shell spectra of aluminium were studied to investigate the effect of the plasma environment on the absorption spectrum. The experiments show the effect, at high-density, of array broadening and the merging of high series lines. Comparisons of the experimental absorption data to different opacity models are discussed. The experimental data are compared to calculations of the CASSANDRA opacity model, with and without the inclusion of electron impact broadening. The CASSANDRA code is in better agreement with experiment with electron impact broadening included. The data were also compared to the OPAL detailed term accounting model with reasonable agreement. Crown Copyright (C) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 AWE, Directorate Res & Appl Sci, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP AWE, Directorate Res & Appl Sci, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. EM david.hoarty@awe.co.uk OI Crowley, Basil/0000-0001-9226-6006 NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 283 EP 294 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.05.022 PG 12 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 009KR UT WOS:000235111300025 ER PT J AU Iglesias, CA AF Iglesias, CA TI Effects of backlight structure on absorption experiments SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE radiative opacity ID X-RAY TRANSMISSION; OPACITY MEASUREMENTS; ALUMINUM; PLASMAS; HOT AB The impact of spectral details in the backlight of absorption spectroscopy experiments is considered. It is shown that experimentally unresolved structure in the backlight spectrum can introduce significant errors in the inferred transmission. Furthermore, it is shown that a valuable experimental procedure previously used to test the accuracy of the data fails to reveal these errors. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Iglesias, CA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM iglesias1@llnl.gov NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 295 EP 304 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.05.023 PG 10 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 009KR UT WOS:000235111300026 ER PT J AU Jones, B Deeney, C Coverdale, CA LePell, PD McKenney, JL Apruzese, JP Thornhill, JW Whitney, KG Clark, RW Velikovich, AL Davis, J Maron, Y Kantsyrev, V Safronova, A Oreshkin, VI AF Jones, B Deeney, C Coverdale, CA LePell, PD McKenney, JL Apruzese, JP Thornhill, JW Whitney, KG Clark, RW Velikovich, AL Davis, J Maron, Y Kantsyrev, V Safronova, A Oreshkin, VI TI K-shell radiation physics in low- to moderate-atomic-number z-pinch plasmas on the Z accelerator SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Z-pinch plasma; K-shell X-ray production and spectroscopy; opacity ID OPTICALLY THICK PLASMAS; IMPLOSIONS; EMISSION; ARRAY; ALUMINUM; TRANSPORT; ELEMENTS; YIELDS; DENSE AB Dense z-pinches produced by 100 ns implosions of wire arrays or gas puffs produce substantial soft X-ray power. One class of z-pinch radiation sources includes low- to moderate-atomic-number K-shell radiators, such as aluminum and iron. These loads are designed for 1-10 keV K-shell X-ray generation, and offer opportunities for crystal spectroscopy that can reveal fundamental properties of the plasma when studied using plasma spectroscopic modeling. Typically these plasmas are characterized by ion densities of similar to 10(20) cm(-3), diameters of 1-5 mm, electron temperatures up to several keV, and a range of opacities of the K-shell lines. Measurements from wire arrays on Sandia's 20 MA Z accelerator are presented along with collisional radiative and hydrodynamic simulations. The impact of opacity and 3D structure on non-LTE, non-diffusive radiation transport and X-ray production is discussed. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Weizmann Inst Sci, Fac Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Current Elect, Tomsk 634055, Russia. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bmjones@sandia.gov RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 31 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 341 EP 348 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.05.027 PG 8 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 009KR UT WOS:000235111300030 ER PT J AU Kantsyrev, V Safronova, A Ivanov, V Fedin, D Mancini, R Astanovitsky, A LeGalloudec, B Batie, S Brown, D Nalajala, V Shrestha, I Pokala, S Ouart, N Yilmaz, F Clinton, A Johnson, M Cowan, T Jones, B Coverdale, CA Deeney, C LePell, PD Jobe, D Nielson, D AF Kantsyrev, V Safronova, A Ivanov, V Fedin, D Mancini, R Astanovitsky, A LeGalloudec, B Batie, S Brown, D Nalajala, V Shrestha, I Pokala, S Ouart, N Yilmaz, F Clinton, A Johnson, M Cowan, T Jones, B Coverdale, CA Deeney, C LePell, PD Jobe, D Nielson, D TI Radiative properties of asymmetric and symmetric X-pinches with two and four wires recently produced on the UNR 1 MA Zebra generator SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE X-pinch; X-ray; diagnostics ID RAY; SPECTROPOLARIMETRY; EMISSION; PLASMAS AB Experimental results of studies of the 1 MA X-pinch X-ray source in a wide spectral region are overviewed. Implosion dynamics and radiative properties of various X-pinches were studied by spatially and time-resolved X-ray and optical diagnostics. In particular, dynamics of spatial and temporal developments of the structure of X-ray emitting regions (1-5 keV), temporal characteristics of X-ray pulses, X-ray radiation outputs and electron beam characteristics from symmetric and asymmetric Mo, Cu, and combined asymmetric Mo/W X-pinches with two or four wires were studied. The mechanisms of X-ray multiburst generation are discussed. The future applications of the high-current X-pinch as a 5-10 kJ sub keV-10 keV radiation driver are considered. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RI Cowan, Thomas/A-8713-2011 OI Cowan, Thomas/0000-0002-5845-000X NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 349 EP 362 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.05.028 PG 14 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 009KR UT WOS:000235111300031 ER PT J AU Kerr, FM Gouveia, A Renner, O Rose, SJ Scott, HA Wark, JS AF Kerr, FM Gouveia, A Renner, O Rose, SJ Scott, HA Wark, JS TI Line radiation effects in laboratory and astrophysical plasmas SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE radiation transport; plasmas; opacity effects ID X-RAY; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; OPTICALLY THICK; SPECTRUM; OPACITY; SOLAR AB Theoretical enhancement of line radiation above the optically thin limit has been previously noted to occur in solar and stellar coronal plasmas, but presented without clear physical explanation. Here, we give an analysis of the angular dependence of these radiative transfer effects, which explain the previously calculated but poorly understood line radiation intensity enhancements. There are two important ramifications of this analysis: firstly, it provides a reason for the indeterminate status of opacity in relation to the coronal lines of distant stellar sources-hence potentially solving an important problem in astrophysics; secondly, it provides the opportunity to derive geometric information from the spectrum of a spatially unresolvable stellar object. We discuss the potential for observation of such opacity enhancement effects in laser plasmas, and present a feasibility study for experiments of this type. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, Prague 18211, Czech Republic. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kerr, FM (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. EM fraser.kerr@physics.ox.ac.uk RI Renner, Oldrich/C-1591-2010; OI Renner, Oldrich/0000-0003-4942-2637; Rose, Steven/0000-0001-6808-6355 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 363 EP 369 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.05.029 PG 7 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 009KR UT WOS:000235111300032 ER PT J AU MacLaren, SA Back, CA Hammer, JH AF MacLaren, SA Back, CA Hammer, JH TI Measurements and calculations of halfraum radiation drives at the Omega Laser SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE halfraum; X-ray drive; Dante; PCD; Omega ID PLASMAS; DIAMOND; HOT AB Thin-walled gold halfraums are a common choice for producing X-ray drives in experiments at high-power laser facilities. At the Omega Laser, we use 10 U of laser energy in a two-pulse sequence to generate halfraum drive temperatures of 160-190 eV for similar to 3 ns. This type of drive is well characterized and reproducible, with characterization of the drive radiation temperature typically performed using the Dante diagnostic, a 10-channel array of filtered X-ray diodes. Additionally, photoconductive diamond detectors (PCDs) have been calibrated to the Dante, and can now be used in place of the Dante to measure the drive. Measurements of halfraum drives from both Dante and PCDs are compared with calculations, with good agreement. This agreement lends the calculations a predictive capability in designing further experiments utilizing halfraum drives. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP MacLaren, SA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-15,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM maclaren2@llnl.gov NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 398 EP 408 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.05.032 PG 11 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 009KR UT WOS:000235111300035 ER PT J AU Nilsen, J Johnson, WR Iglesias, CA Scofield, JH AF Nilsen, J Johnson, WR Iglesias, CA Scofield, JH TI Impact of anomalous dispersion on the interferometer measurements of plasmas SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE interferometers; index of refraction; plasmas; X-ray lasers; anomalous dispersion ID X-RAY LASER; DIAGNOSTICS AB For many decades optical interferometers have been used to measure the electron density of plasmas. During the last ten years X-ray lasers in the wavelength range 14-47 nm have enabled researchers to use interferometers to probe even higher density plasmas. The data analysis assumes that the index of refraction is due only to the free electrons, which makes the index of refraction less than one and the electron density proportional to the number of fringe shifts. Recent experiments in Al plasmas observed plasmas with an index of refraction greater than one and brought into question the validity of the usual formula for calculating the index of refraction. Recent calculations showed how the anomalous dispersion from the bound electrons can dominate the index of refraction in many types of plasma and make the index greater than one or enhance the index such that one would greatly overestimate the electron density of the plasma using interferometers. In this work we calculate the index of refraction of C, Al, Ti, and Pd plasmas for photon energies from 0 to 100 eV (12.4 nm) using a new average-atom code. The results show large variations from the free electron approximation under many different plasma conditions. We validate the average-atom code against the more detailed OPAL code for carbon and aluminum plasmas. During the next decade X-ray free electron lasers and other sources will be available to probe a wider variety of plasmas at higher densities and shorter wavelengths so understanding the index of refraction in plasmas will be even more essential. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM jnilsen@llnl.gov NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 425 EP 438 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.05.034 PG 14 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 009KR UT WOS:000235111300037 ER PT J AU Safronova, AS Kantsyrev, VL Ouart, N Yilmaz, F Fedin, D Astanovitsky, A LeGalloudec, B Batie, S Brown, D Nalajala, V Pokala, S Shrestha, I Cowan, TE Jones, B Coverdale, CA Deeney, C Hansen, SB LePell, PD Jobe, D Nielson, D AF Safronova, AS Kantsyrev, VL Ouart, N Yilmaz, F Fedin, D Astanovitsky, A LeGalloudec, B Batie, S Brown, D Nalajala, V Pokala, S Shrestha, I Cowan, TE Jones, B Coverdale, CA Deeney, C Hansen, SB LePell, PD Jobe, D Nielson, D TI Spectroscopic modeling of radiation from Cu and Mo X-pinches produced on the UNR 1 MA Zebra generator SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE X-pinch; X-ray spectra; kinetic modeling ID LASER PLASMA SOURCE AB X-pinches are a source for studying radiative properties of plasmas of very small sizes, high densities and temperatures applicable to high-energy density plasmas such as dense Z-pinches. Recently, spatially resolved and spatially integrated X-ray spectral data have been accumulated during Mo and Cu X-pinch experiments on the Zebra generator. During these experiments configurations, other then the 2-wire X-pinches, such as 4-wire X-pinches and asymmetric X-pinches have been spectroscopically studied and computationally analyzed. We present here modeling of the K-shell and L-shell radiation from Cu X-pinches with two and four wires and the comparison with experimental spectra. L-shell radiation from symmetric and asymmetric Mo X-pinches with two wires and X-pinches with four wires have also been analyzed and compared. Dependence of the plasma spatial structure, temperature, and density on wire materials and load configurations are discussed. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM alla@physics.unr.edu RI Cowan, Thomas/A-8713-2011 OI Cowan, Thomas/0000-0002-5845-000X NR 13 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 560 EP 571 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.05.045 PG 12 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 009KR UT WOS:000235111300048 ER PT J AU Seely, JF Back, CA Constantin, C Lee, RW Chung, HK Hudson, LT Szabo, CI Henins, A Holland, GE Atkin, R Marlin, L AF Seely, JF Back, CA Constantin, C Lee, RW Chung, HK Hudson, LT Szabo, CI Henins, A Holland, GE Atkin, R Marlin, L TI Krypton K-shell X-ray spectra recorded by the HENEX spectrometer SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE X-ray spectra; K-shell transitions; krypton; Laue geometry; crystal spectrometer ID LASER AB High-resolution X-ray spectra were recorded by the High-Energy Electronic X-ray (HENEX) spectrometer from a variety of targets irradiated by the Omega laser at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics. The HENEX spectrometer utilizes four reflection crystals covering the 1-20 keV energy range and one quartz(10-11) transmission crystal (Laue geometry) covering the 11-40 keV range. The time-integrated spectral images were recorded on five CMOS X-ray detectors. In the spectra recorded from krypton-filled gasbag and hohlraum targets, the helium-like K-shell transitions n = 1-2, 1-3, and 1-4 appeared in the 13-17 keV energy range. A number of additional spectral features were observed at energies lower than the helium-like n = 1-3 and n = 1-4 transitions. Based on computational simulations of the spectra using the FLYCHK/FLYSPEC codes, which included opacity effects, these additional features are identified to be inner-shell transitions from the Li-like through N-like krypton charge states. The comparisons of the calculated and observed spectra indicate that these transitions are characteristic of the plasma conditions immediately after the laser pulse when the krypton density is 2 x 10(18) cm(-3) and the electron temperature is in the range 2.8-3.2 keV. These spectral features represent a new diagnostic for the charge state distribution, the density and electron temperature, and the plasma opacity. Laboratory experiments indicate that it is feasible to record K-shell spectra from gold and higher Z targets in the > 60 keV energy range using a Ge(2 2 0) transmission crystal. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. Tiger Innovat LLC, Arlington, VA 22207 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.seely@nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 572 EP 583 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.05.046 PG 12 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 009KR UT WOS:000235111300049 ER PT J AU Sherrill, ME Abdallah, J Csanak, G Kilcrease, DP Dodd, ES Fukuda, Y Akahane, Y Aoyama, M Inoue, N Ueda, H Yamakawa, K Faenov, AY Magunov, AI Pikuz, TA Skobelev, IY AF Sherrill, ME Abdallah, J Csanak, G Kilcrease, DP Dodd, ES Fukuda, Y Akahane, Y Aoyama, M Inoue, N Ueda, H Yamakawa, K Faenov, AY Magunov, AI Pikuz, TA Skobelev, IY TI Coupled electron and atomic kinetics through the solution of the Boltzmann equation for generating time-dependent X-ray spectra SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Boltzmann equation; K-shell spectra; time dependent kinetics; short pulse lasers; clusters ID VELOCITY DISTRIBUTIONS; ARGON PLASMA; LASERS; GAS AB In this work, we present a model that solves self-consistently the electron and atomic kinetics to characterize highly non-equilibrium plasmas, in particular for those systems where both the electron distribution function is far from Maxwellian and the evolution of the ion level populations are dominated by time-dependent atomic kinetics. In this model, level populations are obtained from a detailed collisional-radiative model where collision rates are computed from a time varying electron distribution function obtained from the solution of the zero-dimensional Boltzmann equation. The Boltzmann collision term includes the effects of electron-electron collisions, electron collisional ionization, excitation and deexcitation. An application for He-alpha spectra from a short pulse laser irradiated argon cluster target will be shown to illustrate the results of our model. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Adv Photon Res Ctr, JAERI, Kyoto 6190215, Japan. VNIIFTRI, Multicharged Ions Spectra Data Ctr, Moscow 141570, Russia. RP Sherrill, ME (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM manolo@t4.lanl.gov OI Kilcrease, David/0000-0002-2319-5934 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 584 EP 594 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.05.047 PG 11 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 009KR UT WOS:000235111300050 ER PT J AU Sinars, DB Chandler, GA Bailey, JE Mancini, RC Rochau, GA Wenger, DF Adams, RG Adams, ML Scott, HA Faenov, AY Pikuz, TA Pikuz, SA AF Sinars, DB Chandler, GA Bailey, JE Mancini, RC Rochau, GA Wenger, DF Adams, RG Adams, ML Scott, HA Faenov, AY Pikuz, TA Pikuz, SA TI Measurements of K-shell Ar spectra from z-pinch dynamic hohlraum experiments made using a focusing spectrometer with spatial resolution SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE K-shell spectroscopy; argon; dense plasma; X-ray spectroscopy; inertial confinement fusion; focusing spectrometer ID SPHERICALLY BENT CRYSTALS; X-RAY RESPONSE; PHOTOGRAPHIC FILMS; FUSION CAPSULES; INERTIAL FUSION; SPECTROSCOPY AB Focusing spectrometer designs offer the potential to simultaneously obtain high spectral resolution and high spatial resolution, though usually at the penalty of a limited spectral range. To measure K-shell Ar emission from z-pinch-driven dynamic hohlraum capsule implosion experiments at Sandia's Z facility, a unique focusing spectrometer configuration was built. For Ar sources <= 1 mm the spectrometer provides lambda/Delta lambda > 2000 and sigma < 50 mu m over the spectral range from 2.95 angstrom to 3.78 angstrom. This diagnostic has provided high-quality data suitable for line-shape and modeling analysis. The instrument is described in detail along with some example data and analysis from dynamic hohlraum experiments. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. VNIFTRII, MISDC, Moscow 141570, Russia. Cornell Univ, Plasma Studies Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. RP Sinars, DB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dbsinar@sandia.gov RI Pikuz, Sergey/M-8231-2015 NR 22 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 595 EP 613 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.05.048 PG 19 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 009KR UT WOS:000235111300051 ER PT J AU Tzortzakis, S Audebert, P Renaudin, P Bastiani-Ceccotti, S Geindre, JP Chenais-Popovics, C Nagels, V Gary, S Shepherd, R Girard, F Matsushima, I Peyrusse, O Gauthier, JC AF Tzortzakis, S Audebert, P Renaudin, P Bastiani-Ceccotti, S Geindre, JP Chenais-Popovics, C Nagels, V Gary, S Shepherd, R Girard, F Matsushima, I Peyrusse, O Gauthier, JC TI Time- and space-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy of aluminum irradiated by a subpicosecond high-power laser SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE plasma production and heating by laser beams; plasma properties; short pulse laser; X-ray absorption spectroscopy ID PICOSECOND RESOLUTION; CRYSTAL SPECTROGRAPH; PLASMA SPECTROSCOPY; IONIZATION; SIMULATION; DYNAMICS; TARGETS; MATTER; PULSES AB The ionization and recombination dynamics of transient aluminum plasmas was measured using point projection K-shell absorption spectroscopy. An aluminum plasma was produced with a subpicosecond beam of the 100-TW laser at the LULI facility and probed at different times with a picosecond X-ray backlighter created with a synchronized subpicosecond laser beam. Fourier-Domain-Interferometry (FDI) was used to measure the electron temperature at the peak of the heating laser pulse. Absorption X-ray spectra at early times are characteristic of a dense and rather homogeneous plasma, with limited longitudinal gradients as shown by hydrodynamic simulations. The shift of the Al K-edge was measured in the cold dense plasma located at the edge of the heated plasma. From the 1s-2p absorption spectra, the average ionization was measured as a function of time and was also modeled with a collisional-radiative atomic physics code coupled with hydrodynamic simulations. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bordeaux 1, CELIA, CNRS CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France. Univ Paris 06, Ecole Polytech, LULI, CNRS CEA,UMR 7605, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. State Atom Energy Commiss, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. RP Univ Bordeaux 1, CELIA, CNRS CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France. EM gauthier@celia.ubordeaux1.fr RI Isao, Matsushima/A-2365-2013; Tzortzakis, Stelios/J-5559-2013 OI Tzortzakis, Stelios/0000-0001-9242-4182 NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 614 EP 626 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.05.049 PG 13 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 009KR UT WOS:000235111300052 ER PT J AU Urry, MK Gregori, G Landen, OL Pak, A Glenzer, SH AF Urry, MK Gregori, G Landen, OL Pak, A Glenzer, SH TI X-ray probe development for collective scattering measurements in dense plasmas SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE spectroscopy; X-ray sources; Thomson scattering AB X-ray spectra and conversion efficiencies of the laser-produced chlorine Ly-alpha and K-alpha line radiation have been investigated to develop X-ray probes for the collective scattering regime. The Ly-alpha radiation was produced by either smoothed or un-smoothed laser beams with nanosecond-long laser pulses yielding high conversion efficiencies of up to 0.3% sufficient for X-ray scattering measurements. However, the time-integrated measurements show a significant dielectronic satellite emission on the red wing of the primary Ly-alpha line which must be avoided to resolve the plasmon feature in the scattering spectra. We find no red wing emission features for ultra-short pulse laser produced K-alpha radiation. The bandwidth of Delta E/E = 2 x 10(-3) is suited for collective scattering, but the conversion efficiency falls short of the high values achieved for the Ly-alpha. These findings indicate that present laser-produced X-ray sources will restrict the choice of detectors and plasma conditions for collective X-ray scattering from dense plasmas. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Glenzer, SH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM glenzer1@llnl.gov OI Urry, Meg/0000-0002-0745-9792 NR 19 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 636 EP 648 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.05.051 PG 13 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 009KR UT WOS:000235111300054 ER PT J AU Welser, LA Mancini, RC Koch, JA Izumi, N Louis, SJ Golovkin, IE Barbee, TW Haan, SW Delettrez, JA Marshall, FJ Regan, SP Smalyuk, VA Haynes, DA Lee, RW AF Welser, LA Mancini, RC Koch, JA Izumi, N Louis, SJ Golovkin, IE Barbee, TW Haan, SW Delettrez, JA Marshall, FJ Regan, SP Smalyuk, VA Haynes, DA Lee, RW TI Multi-objective spectroscopic analysis of core gradients: Extension from two to three objectives SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE X-ray spectroscopy; multi-objective search and optimization; plasma diagnostics ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; OPACITY; OMEGA AB We discuss a three-objective search and reconstruction method for the extraction of spatial structure information from argon-doped implosion cores based on the simultaneous analysis of He beta and Ly beta X-ray narrow-band images and space-integrated line spectrum data. The search in parameter space is driven by a multi-objective Pareto genetic algorithm. Two alternative implementations of the three objectives are considered. Two- and three-objective analysis of the same set of time-integrated data produce similar temperature profiles but different density profiles. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Comp Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Prism Computat Sci, Madison, WI 53703 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM lwelser@physics.unr.edu RI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016 OI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 649 EP 657 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.05.052 PG 9 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 009KR UT WOS:000235111300055 ER PT J AU Wilson, B Sonnad, V Sterne, P Isaacs, W AF Wilson, B Sonnad, V Sterne, P Isaacs, W TI PURGATORIO - a new implementation of the INFERNO algorithm SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE equation-of-state; continuum resonance; plasma ion-sphere ID DENSE METAL PLASMAS; EQUATION-OF-STATE; CONDENSED MATTER; ELECTRONS; MODEL AB An overview of PURGATORIO, a new implementation of the INFERNO [Liberman, Phys Rev B 1979;20:4981-9] equation of state model, is presented. The new algorithm emphasizes a novel subdivision scheme for automatically resolving the structure of the continuum density of states, circumventing limitations of the pseudo-R matrix algorithm previously utilized. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wilson, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM wilson9@llnl.gov NR 30 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 658 EP 679 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.05.053 PG 22 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 009KR UT WOS:000235111300056 ER PT J AU Foord, ME Heeter, RF Chung, HK van Hoof, PAM Bailey, JE Cuneo, ME Liedahl, DA Fournier, KB Jonauskas, V Kisielius, R Ramsbottom, C Springer, PT Keenan, FP Rose, SJ Goldstein, WH AF Foord, ME Heeter, RF Chung, HK van Hoof, PAM Bailey, JE Cuneo, ME Liedahl, DA Fournier, KB Jonauskas, V Kisielius, R Ramsbottom, C Springer, PT Keenan, FP Rose, SJ Goldstein, WH TI Study of X-ray photoionized Fe plasma and comparisons with astrophysical modeling codes SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE plasma spectroscopy; astrophysical observation; X-ray spectra; population kinetics ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; DIELECTRONIC RECOMBINATION; IRON PLASMA; DIAGNOSTICS; SPECTRUM; LINES; POWER; GAS AB The charge state distributions of Fe, Na and F are determined in a photoionized laboratory plasma using high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy. Independent measurements of the density and radiation flux indicate the ionization parameter in the plasma reaches values xi= 20 - 25 erg cm s(-1) under near steady-state conditions. A curve-of-growth analysis, which includes the effects of velocity gradients in a one-dimensional expanding plasma, fits the observed line opacities. Absorption lines are tabulated in the wavelength region 8-17 angstrom. Initial comparisons with a number of astrophysical X-ray photoionization models show reasonable agreement. (C) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Pure & Appl Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM foord1@llnl.gov OI Rose, Steven/0000-0001-6808-6355 NR 40 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 712 EP 729 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.05.057 PG 18 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 009KR UT WOS:000235111300060 ER PT J AU Engelmann, MD Metz, LA Ballou, NE AF Engelmann, MD Metz, LA Ballou, NE TI Recovery of technetium adsorbed on charcoal SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; ISOTOPE-DILUTION; PICOGRAM AMOUNTS; ICP-MS; TC-99; SEPARATION; I-129; CARBON; RESIN AB Two methods capable of near complete recovery of technetium adsorbed on charcoal are presented. The first involves liquid extraction of the technetium from the charcoal by hot 4M nitric acid. An average recovery of 98% (n=3) is obtained after three rounds of extraction. The second method involves dry ashing with air in a quartz combustion tube at 400-450 degrees C. This method yields an average recovery of 96% (n=5). Other thermal methods were attempted, but resulted in reduced recovery and incomplete material balance. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Engelmann, MD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,P8-50, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mark.engelmann@pnl.gov NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 268 IS 2 BP 201 EP 204 DI 10.1556/JRNC.268.2006.2.4 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 049OC UT WOS:000238024900004 ER PT J AU Jach, T Bakulin, AS Durbin, SM Pedulla, J Macrander, A AF Jach, Terrence Bakulin, Alex S. Durbin, Stephen M. Pedulla, Joseph Macrander, Albert TI Variable magnification with Kirkpatrick-Baez optics for synchrotron x-ray microscopy SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diffraction limit; Kirkpatrick-Baez; microscopy; multilayer mirror; x-ray optics ID PLASMAS AB We describe the distinction between the operation of a short focal length x-ray microscope forming a real image with a laboratory source (convergent illumination) and with a highly collimated intense beam from a synchrotron light source (Kohler illumination). We demonstrate the distinction with a Kirkpatrick-Baez microscope consisting of short focal length multilayer mirrors operating at an energy of 8 keV. In addition to realizing improvements in the resolution of the optics, the synchrotron radiation microscope is not limited to the usual single magnification at a fixed image plane. Higher magnification images are produced by projection in the limit of geometrical optics with a collimated beam. However, in distinction to the common method of placing the sample behind the optical source of a diverging beam, we describe the situation in which the sample is located in the collimated beam before the optical element. The ultimate limits of this magnification result from diffraction by the specimen and are determined by the sample position relative to the focal point of the optic. We present criteria by which the diffraction is minimized. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. J Pedulla Associates, Silver Spring, MD 20906 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jach, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM terrence.jach@nist.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 111 IS 3 BP 219 EP 225 DI 10.6028/jres.111.018 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 062SK UT WOS:000238964600003 PM 27274930 ER PT J AU Fanney, AH Davis, MW Dougherty, BP King, DL Boyson, WE Kratochvil, JA AF Fanney, AH Davis, MW Dougherty, BP King, DL Boyson, WE Kratochvil, JA TI Comparison of photovoltaic module performance measurements SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID CURRENT-VOLTAGE CURVE; PANELS AB Computer simulation tools used to predict the energy production of photovoltaic systems are needed in order to make informed economic decisions. These tools require input parameters that characterize module performance under various operational and environmental conditions. Depending upon the complexity of the simulation model, the required input parameters call van, from the limited information found oil labels affixed to photovoltaic modules to all extensive set of parameters. The required input parameters are normally obtained indoors using a solar simulator or flash tester, or Measured outdoors under natural sunlight. This paper compares measured performance parameters for three photovoltaic modules tested outdoors at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). Two of the three modules were custom fabricated using monocrystalline and silicon film cells. The third, a commercially available module, utilized triple-junction amorphous silicon cells. The resulting data allow a comparison to be made between performance parameters measured at two laboratories with differing geographical locations and apparatus. This paper describes the apparatus used to collect the experimental data, test procedures utilized, and resulting performance parameters for each of the three modules. Using a computer simulation model, the impact that differences in measured parameters have oil predicted energy production, is quantified. Data presented for each module includes power output at standard rating conditions and the influence of incident angle, air mass, and module temperature oil each module electrical performance. Measurements from the two laboratories are in excellent agreement. The power at standard rating conditions is within 1% for all three modules. Although the magnitude of the individual temperature coefficients varied as much as 17% between the two laboratories, the impact oil predicted performance at various temperature levels was minimal, less than 2%. The influence of air mass on the performance of the three modules measured at the laboratories was in excellent agreement. The largest difference in measured results between the two laboratories was noted in the response of the modules to incident angles that exceed 75 deg. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Fanney, AH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Hunter.Fanney@nist.gov NR 26 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 10 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD MAY PY 2006 VL 128 IS 2 BP 152 EP 159 DI 10.1115/1.2192559 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 041HS UT WOS:000237446000005 ER PT J AU Lu, JJ Schlueter, JA Geiser, U AF Lu, JJ Schlueter, JA Geiser, U TI Hydrothermal synthesis and crystal structure of a new inorganic/organic hybrid of scandium sulfate: (H(2)en)Sc-2(SO4)(4) center dot (H2O)(0.72) SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE hydrothermal synthesis; layer; inorganic/organic hybrid; scandium sulfate; crystal structure ID FRAMEWORK; PHOSPHATE; CATALYST; POLYMER; 3D AB The first organically templated layered structure of scandium sulfate, (H(2)cn)Sc-2(SO4)(4)center dot(H2O)(0.72). (en = ethylenediamine) was synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. In the title compound, scandium ions are bridged by sulfate groups with a ratio of 1:2 into a 4(3)(6) layer, structure. These layers are parallel packed and separated from each other by ethylenediammonium dictations and water molecules. The title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2/c. With cell parameters a = 8.5966(13) angstrom, b = 5.1068(8) angstrom, c = 18. 847(3) angstrom, beta = 91.210(3)degrees, V = 827.2(2) angstrom(3) and Z = 2. Refinement gave R-1[I > 2 sigma(I)] = 0.0354 and wR(2)[I > 2 sigma(I)] = 0.0878. Thermogravimetric analysis indicates that this material is thermally stable to above 400 degrees C. (C)Q 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lu, JJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM j.lu@anl.gov NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 179 IS 5 BP 1559 EP 1564 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2006.02.006 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 042LG UT WOS:000237528900039 ER PT J AU Penczek, PA Yang, C Frank, J Spahn, CMT AF Penczek, PA Yang, C Frank, J Spahn, CMT TI Estimation of variance in single-particle reconstruction using the bootstrap technique SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE single-particle reconstruction; bootstrap; electron microscopy ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; COLI 70S RIBOSOME; 3-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION; CRYOELECTRON MICROSCOPY; NOISE PROPERTIES; ELECTRON CRYOMICROSCOPY; IMAGE NOISE; RESOLUTION; PET; ANGSTROM AB Density maps of a molecule obtained by single-particle reconstruction from thousands of molecule projections exhibit strong changes in local definition and reproducibility, as a consequence of conformational variability of the molecule and non-stoichiometry of ligand binding. These changes complicate the interpretation of density maps in terms of molecular structure. A three-dimensional (3-D) variance map provides an effective tool to assess the structural definition in each volume element. In this work, the different contributions to the 3-D variance in a single-particle reconstruction are discussed, and an effective method for the estimation of the 3-D variance map is proposed, using a bootstrap technique of sampling. Computations with test data confirm the viability, computational efficiency, and accuracy of the method under conditions encountered in practical circumstances. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Houston Med Sch, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hlth Res Inc, HHMI, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Univ Klinikum Charite, Inst Med Phys & Biophys, Berlin, Germany. RP Penczek, PA (reprint author), Univ Texas, Houston Med Sch, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, 6431 Fannin,MSB 6-218, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM Pawel.A.Penczek@uth.tmc.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM 60635, R37 GM 29169] NR 59 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 154 IS 2 BP 168 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.jsb.2006.01.003 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 039WB UT WOS:000237337300005 PM 16510296 ER PT J AU Oldehoeft, R AF Oldehoeft, R TI Computer science in support of high-performance applications: Papers from the 2004 LACSI Symposium SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Comp Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Oldehoeft, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Comp Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, MS B287, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rro@lanl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8542 J9 J SUPERCOMPUT JI J. Supercomput. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 36 IS 2 BP 99 EP 100 DI 10.1007/s11227-006-7951-8 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 042DA UT WOS:000237506300001 ER PT J AU Rickett, CD Choi, SE Rasmussen, CE Sottile, MJ AF Rickett, CD Choi, SE Rasmussen, CE Sottile, MJ TI Rapid prototyping frameworks for developing scientific applications: A case study SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium of the Los-Alamos-Computer-Science-Institute CY OCT 12-14, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Comp Sci Inst DE components; CCA; python AB In this paper, we describe a Python-based framework for the rapid prototyping of scientific applications. A case study was performed using a problem specification developed for Marmot, a project at the Los Alamos National Laboratory aimed at re-factoring standard physics codes into reusable and extensible components. Components were written in Python, ZPL, Fortran, and C++ following the Marmot component design. We evaluate our solution both qualitatively and quantitatively by comparing it to a single-language version written in C. C1 S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab Los Alamos, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rickett, CD (reprint author), S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. EM Christopher.Rickett@gold.sdsmt.edu; sungeun@lanl.gov; crasmussen@lanl.gov; matt@lanl.gov NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8542 J9 J SUPERCOMPUT JI J. Supercomput. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 36 IS 2 BP 123 EP 134 DI 10.1007/s11227-006-7953-6 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 042DA UT WOS:000237506300003 ER PT J AU Krishnamoorthy, S Baumgartner, G Lam, CC Nieplocha, J Sadayappan, P AF Krishnamoorthy, Sriram Baumgartner, Gerald Lam, Chi-Chung Nieplocha, Jarek Sadayappan, P. TI Layout transformation support for the disk resident arrays framework SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium of the Los-Alamos-Computer-Science-Institute CY OCT 12-14, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Comp Sci Inst ID PROGRAMMING-MODEL; GLOBAL ARRAYS; MEMORY; COMPUTERS AB The Global Arrays (GA) toolkit provides a shared-memory programming model in which data locality is explicitly managed by the programmer. It inter-operates with MPI and supports a variety of language bindings. The Disk Resident Arrays (DRA) model extends the GA programming model to secondary storage. GA and DRA together provide a convenient programming model that encourages locality-aware programming by the user, while presenting a high-level abstraction. High performance depends on the appropriate distribution of the data in the disk-resident arrays. In this paper, we discuss the addition of layout transformation support to DRA. The implementation of an efficient parallel layout transformation algorithm is done on top of existing GA/DRA functions; thus GA/DRA is itself used in implementing the enhanced DRA functionality. Experimental performance data is provided that demonstrates the effectiveness of the new layout transformation functionality. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70810 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Krishnamoorthy, S (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM krishnsr@cse.ohio-state.edu; gb@csc.lsu.edu; clam@cse.ohio-state.edu; jarek.nieplocha@pnl.gov; saday@cse.ohio-state.edu NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8542 EI 1573-0484 J9 J SUPERCOMPUT JI J. Supercomput. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 36 IS 2 BP 153 EP 170 DI 10.1007/s11227-006-7955-4 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 042DA UT WOS:000237506300005 ER PT J AU Hendriks, EA Minnich, RG AF Hendriks, EA Minnich, RG TI How to build a fast and reliable 1024 node cluster with only one disk SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium of the Los-Alamos-Computer-Science-Institute CY OCT 12-14, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Comp Sci Inst AB In the last year LANL has constructed a 1408-node AMD Opteron cluster, a 1024-node Intel P4 Xeon cluster, a 256-node AMD Opteron cluster and two 128-node Intel P4 Xeon clusters. Each of these clusters is controlled by one front-end node, and each cluster needs only one disk in the front-end node for production operations. In this paper we describe the software architecture that boots and manages these clusters. This software architecture represents a clean break from the way that clusters have been set up for the last 14 years. We show the ways that this architecture has been used to greatly improve the operation of the nodes, with particular emphasis on improvements in boot-time performance, scalability, and reliability. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Comp Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM erik@hendriks.cx; rminnich@lanl.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8542 J9 J SUPERCOMPUT JI J. Supercomput. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 36 IS 2 BP 171 EP 181 DI 10.1007/s11227-006-7956-3 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 042DA UT WOS:000237506300006 ER PT J AU Hsueh, CH Luttrell, CR Lee, S Wu, TC Lin, HY AF Hsueh, CH Luttrell, CR Lee, S Wu, TC Lin, HY TI Interfacial peeling moments and shear forces at free edges of multilayers subjected to thermal stresses SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BARRIER COATINGS; DELAMINATION; STRAIN; PLATES; LAYERS; FILMS AB Stresses normal to interfaces, i.e., interfacial peeling stresses and interfacial shear stresses, exist locally at edges of multilayers because of both the thermal mismatch between layers and the free-edge effect. These peeling and shear stresses can result in modes I and II edge delamination, respectively. However, because of the complexity of the problem, exact closed-form solutions for these stresses are very difficult if not impossible to derive even for bilayered systems. Hence, instead of the detailed stress field at edges, both the interfacial peeling moment resulting from the localized peeling stresses and the interfacial shear force resulting from the localized shear stresses are analyzed here. Exact closed-form solutions for the peeling moment and the shear force at each interface in elastic multilayered systems are derived. To illustrate the application of present closed-form solutions, specific results are calculated for five-layered thermal barrier coating systems, and a finite-element analysis is also performed to confirm the analytical results. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu, Taiwan. Ind Technol Res Inst, Mech Ind Res Labs, Hsinchu 31015, Taiwan. RP Hsueh, CH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hsuehc@ornl.gov RI Hsueh, Chun-Hway/G-1345-2011 NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 89 IS 5 BP 1632 EP 1638 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.00924.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 038VP UT WOS:000237257900027 ER PT J AU Tierney, WA Beck, EJ Gardner, RM Musick, B Shields, M Shiyonga, NM Spohr, MH AF Tierney, William A. Beck, Eduard J. Gardner, Reed M. Musick, Beverly Shields, Mark Shiyonga, Naomi M. Spohr, Mark H. TI Viewpoint: A pragmatic approach to constructing a minimum data set for care of patients with HIV in developing countries SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID MEDICAL-RECORD SYSTEM; INFORMATION; AFRICA; KENYA; EXPERIENCE; ADHERENCE; HEALTH AB Providing quality health care requires access to continuous patient data that developing countries often lack. A panel of medical informatics specialists, clinical human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) specialists, and program managers suggests a minimum data set for supporting the management and monitoring of patients with HIV and their care programs in developing countries. The proposed minimum data set consists of data for registration and scheduling, monitoring and improving practice management, and describing clinical encounters and clinical care. Data should be numeric or coded using standard definitions and minimal free text. To enhance accuracy, efficiency, and availability, data should be recorded electronically by those generating them. Data elements must be sufficiently detailed to support clinical algorithms/guidelines and aggregation into broader categories for consumption by higher level users (e.g., national and international health care agencies). The proposed minimum data set will evolve over time as funding increases, care protocols change, and additional tests and treatments become available for HIV-infected patients in developing countries. C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Regenstrief Inst Inc, Indianapolis, IN USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Med Informat, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Lusaka, Zambia. Leprosy Control Programme, Minist Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. John Snow Inc, USAID MEASURE Evaluat, Arlington, VA USA. RP Tierney, WA (reprint author), Wishard Mem Hosp, 1001 W 10th St,Room M200-OPW, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM wtierney@iupui.edu FU FIC NIH HHS [D23-TW01082] NR 33 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1067-5027 J9 J AM MED INFORM ASSN JI J. Am. Med. Inf. Assoc. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 13 IS 3 BP 253 EP 260 DI 10.1197/jamia.M2005 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics GA 052WI UT WOS:000238264200003 PM 16501175 ER PT J AU Fernandez, FM Wysocki, VH Futrell, JH Laskin, J AF Fernandez, FM Wysocki, VH Futrell, JH Laskin, J TI Protein identification via surface-induced dissociation in an FT-ICR mass spectrometer and a patchwork sequencing approach SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-CAPTURE DISSOCIATION; ASSISTED-LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION; INFRARED RADIATIVE DISSOCIATION; PEPTIDE IONS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PROTONATED PEPTIDES; SECTOR-TOF; FRAGMENTATION; PROTEOMICS; COLLISIONS AB Surface-induced dissociation (SID) and collision-induced dissociation (CID) are ion activation techniques based on energetic collisions with a surface or gas molecule, respectively. One noticeable difference between CID and SID is that SID does not require a collision gas for ion activation and is, therefore, directly compatible with the high vacuum requirement of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometers. Eliminating the introduction of collision gas into the ICR cell for collisional activation dramatically shortens the acquisition time for MS/MS experiments, suggesting that SID could be utilized for high-throughput MS/MS studies in FT-ICR MS. We demonstrate for the first time the utility of SID combined with FT-ICR MS for protein identification. Tryptic digests of standard proteins were analyzed using a hybrid 6-tesla FT-ICR mass spectrometer with SID and CID capabilities. SID spectra of mass-selected singly and doubly charged peptides were obtained using a diamond-coated target mounted at the rear trapping plate of the ICR cell. The broad internal energy distribution deposited into the precursor ion following collision with the diamond surface allowed a variety of fragmentation channels to be accessed by SID. Composition and sequence qualifiers produced by SID of tryptic peptides were used to improve the statistical significance of database searches. Protein identification MASCOT scores obtained using SID were comparable or better than scores obtained using sustained off-resonance irradiation collision-induced dissociation (SORI-CID), the conventional ion activation technique in FT-ICR MS. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Chem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wysocki, VH (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Chem, 1306 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM wysocki@email.arizona.edu; Julia.Laskin@pnl.gov RI Fernandez, Facundo/B-7015-2008; Laskin, Julia/H-9974-2012 OI Laskin, Julia/0000-0002-4533-9644 NR 46 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 17 IS 5 BP 700 EP 709 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2006.01.012 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 040RX UT WOS:000237399200009 PM 16540341 ER PT J AU Bae, JS Ko, HK Yang, IS Lee, YS Noh, TW Jin, R He, J Madrus, D AF Bae, JS Ko, HK Yang, IS Lee, YS Noh, TW Jin, R He, J Madrus, D TI Temperature-dependent Raman study of the pyrochlore superconductor Cd2Re2O7 SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Cd2Re2O7; Raman scattering; structural phase transition; electron-phonon coupling ID OXIDE CD2RE2O7; PHASE-TRANSITION AB We present the results of Raman studies of the pyrochlore superconductor Cd2Re2O7 as a function of temperature. The overall features of the observed Raman spectra are in accord with the prediction of the factor group analysis and clearly identify two successive structural transitions, one at 200 K and the other at 120 K. New modes at 156, 325, and 411 cm(-1) appear below 200 K, and peaks at 193 - 200 cm(-1) and at 345 cm(-1) are detected below 120 K. Moreover, the peak near 676 cm(-1) shows an abrupt softening by similar to 20 cm(-1) below 200 K, but a slow hardening behavior below 120 K. On the other hand, the slope of the full width at half maximum of the peak at 230 cm(-1) is found to decrease abruptly below 200 K, which appears to be parallel with the changes in the electric properties. This is indicative of the close relation between the lattice dynamics and the electronic properties. Our Raman spectra suggest that the structural changes at 200 K and 120 K in the ReO(1) network, where O(1) is for oxygen atom at the apex of the ReO6 octahedron, is responsible for the changes in the electronic properties of the Cd2Re2O7 compound. C1 Ewha Womans Univ, Div Nanosci, Seoul 120750, South Korea. Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 120750, South Korea. Soongsil Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 156743, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Phys, Seoul 151747, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Res Ctr Oxide Elect, Seoul 151747, South Korea. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bae, JS (reprint author), Ewha Womans Univ, Div Nanosci, Seoul 120750, South Korea. EM yang@ewha.ac.kr RI Noh, Tae Won /K-9405-2013 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 48 IS 5 BP 946 EP 950 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 043CC UT WOS:000237575900012 ER PT J AU Chapman, HN Barty, A Marchesini, S Noy, A Hau-Riege, SR Cui, C Howells, MR Rosen, R He, H Spence, JCH Weierstall, U Beetz, T Jacobsen, C Shapiro, D AF Chapman, HN Barty, A Marchesini, S Noy, A Hau-Riege, SR Cui, C Howells, MR Rosen, R He, H Spence, JCH Weierstall, U Beetz, T Jacobsen, C Shapiro, D TI High-resolution ab initio three-dimensional x-ray diffraction microscopy SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID PHASE-RETRIEVAL; IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; TOMOGRAPHY; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; PROJECTIONS; ALGORITHMS; SPECIMENS; MODULUS; SUPPORT; OBJECT AB Coherent x-ray diffraction microscopy is a method of imaging nonperiodic isolated objects at resolutions limited, in principle, by only the wavelength and largest scattering angles recorded. We demonstrate x-ray diffraction imaging with high resolution in all three dimensions, as determined by a quantitative analysis of the reconstructed volume images. These images are retrieved from the three-dimensional diffraction data using no a priori knowledge about the shape or composition of the object, which has never before been demonstrated on a nonperiodic object. We also construct two-dimensional images of thick objects with greatly increased depth of focus (without loss of transverse spatial resolution). These methods can be used to image biological and materials science samples at high resolution with x-ray undulator radiation and establishes the techniques to be used in atomic-resolution ultrafast imaging at x-ray free-electron laser sources. (C) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Chapman, HN (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM henry.chapman@llnl.gov RI Marchesini, Stefano/A-6795-2009; Chapman, Henry/G-2153-2010; Weierstall, Uwe/B-3568-2011; Barty, Anton/K-5137-2014; Jacobsen, Chris/E-2827-2015 OI Chapman, Henry/0000-0002-4655-1743; Barty, Anton/0000-0003-4751-2727; Jacobsen, Chris/0000-0001-8562-0353 NR 58 TC 319 Z9 323 U1 13 U2 63 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1179 EP 1200 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.23.001179 PG 22 WC Optics SC Optics GA 039KE UT WOS:000237303600024 PM 16642197 ER PT J AU Gomez, L Bachelot, R Bouhelier, A Wiederrecht, GP Chang, SH Gray, SK Hua, F Jeon, S Rogers, JA Castro, ME Blaize, S Stefanon, I Lerondel, G Royer, P AF Gomez, L Bachelot, R Bouhelier, A Wiederrecht, GP Chang, SH Gray, SK Hua, F Jeon, S Rogers, JA Castro, ME Blaize, S Stefanon, I Lerondel, G Royer, P TI Apertureless scanning near-field optical microscopy: a comparison between homodyne and heterodyne approaches SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID METAL NANOPARTICLES; LOCAL PERTURBATION; DIFFRACTION SPOT; IMAGE-FORMATION; SCATTERING; PROBE; RESOLUTION; ARRAYS; LIGHT; SCALE AB In coherent homodyne apertureless scanning near-field optical microscopy (ASNOM) the background field cannot be fully suppressed because of the interference between the different collected fields, making the images difficult to interpret. We show that implementing the heterodyne version of ASNOM allows one to overcome this issue. We present a comparison between homodyne and heterodyne ASNOM through near-field analysis of gold nanowells, integrated waveguides, and a single evanescent wave generated by total internal reflection. The heterodyne approach allows for the control of the interferometric effect with the background light. In particular, the undesirable background is shown to be replaced by a controlled reference field. As a result, nearfield information undetectable by a homodyne ASNOM is extracted by use of the heterodyne approach. Additionally, it is shown that field amplitude and field phase can be detected separately. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Technol Troyes, CNRS FRE 2848, Inst Delaunay, Lab Nanotechnol & Instrumentat, F-10010 Troyes, France. Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Chem, Mayaguez, PR 00708 USA. RP Bachelot, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM renaud.bachelot@utt.fr; wiederrecht@anl.gov RI Bouhelier, Alexandre/A-1960-2010; JEON, SEOKWOO/C-1701-2011; Lerondel, Gilles/D-1559-2011; Bachelot, Renaud/M-6888-2015; Rogers, John /L-2798-2016 NR 41 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 21 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 23 IS 5 BP 823 EP 833 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.23.000823 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 041EJ UT WOS:000237436000005 ER PT J AU Chung, BW Schwartz, AJ Ebbinghaus, BB Fluss, MJ Haslam, JJ Blobaum, KJM Tobin, JG AF Chung, B. W. Schwartz, A. J. Ebbinghaus, B. B. Fluss, M. J. Haslam, J. J. Blobaum, K. J. M. Tobin, J. G. TI Spectroscopic signature of aging in delta-Pu(Ga) SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE delta-Pu(Ga); plutonium aging; resonant photoemission spectroscopy ID DELTA-PLUTONIUM; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION; ELECTRONS AB Resonant photoemission, a variant of photoelectron spectroscopy, has been demonstrated to have sensitivity to aging of Pu samples. The spectroscopic results are correlated with resistivity measurements and are shown to be the fingerprint of mesoscopic or nanoscale internal damage in the Pu physical structure. This means that a spectroscopic signature of internal damage due to aging in Pu has been established. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Chung, BW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM Tobin1@llnl.gov RI Chung, Brandon/G-2929-2012; Tobin, James/O-6953-2015 NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 AR 054710 DI 10.1143/JPSJ.75.054710 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 048TO UT WOS:000237969600049 ER PT J AU Li, W Joy, DC AF Li, W Joy, DC TI Study of temperature influence on electron beam induced deposition SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID INDUCED TUNGSTEN DEPOSITION; CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GROWTH-RATE; SURFACE; FABRICATION; TECHNOLOGY; SI(100); FILMS; WF6 AB A study of the temperature dependence of the electron beam induced deposition (EBID) of tungsten was carried out in a temperature range of -30-75 degrees C under two conditions of beam energy and beam current using WF6 as the precursor gas. An Arrhenius relationship was found for the temperature dependence of the deposition rate which is consistent with an electron stimulated desorption mechanism for this process. In addition, the mechanism for EBID under different conditions was discussed. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Li, W (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM wli2@utk.edu NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 BP 431 EP 436 DI 10.1116/1.2187995 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 050MG UT WOS:000238091300008 ER PT J AU Perkins, CL Hasoon, FS AF Perkins, CL Hasoon, FS TI Surfactant-assisted growth of CdS thin films for photovoltaic applications SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-CELLS; BUFFER LAYER; POLYCRYSTALLINE; DEPOSITION; EFFICIENCY; CADMIUM; CUINS2 AB A common nonionic surfactant, Triton X-100, was used to modify the chemical bath deposition of CdS "buffer" layers on Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 (CIGS) thin films. Addition of the surfactant to the CdS deposition bath allowed increased wetting of Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 substrates and an increase in the uniformity of films, especially on model hydrophobic substrates. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy data demonstrate that films produced with the surfactant have the same chemical and electronic properties as films grown without it. In CdS/Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 devices, it was found that Triton X-100 allowed the use of CdS layers that were three to four times thinner than those used normally in high efficiency CIGS-based devices and eliminated the large drops in open-circuit voltage that usually accompany very thin buffer layers. For these thin CdS layers and relative to devices made without the surfactant, average absolute cell efficiencies were increased from 10.5% to 14.8% or by a relative 41%. Visual inspection of the CdS depositions reveals one possible mechanism of the surfactant's effects: Bubbles that form and adhere to the CIGS surface during the chemical bath deposition are almost completely eliminated with the addition of the TX-100. Thus, junction nonuniformities, pinholes, and thin areas in the CdS layer caused by poor wetting of the substrate surface are sharply reduced, leading to large increases in the open-circuit voltage in devices produced with the surfactant. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Perkins, CL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd,MS 3215, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM craig_perkins@nrel.gov NR 35 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 21 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 BP 497 EP 504 DI 10.1116/1.2194929 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 050MG UT WOS:000238091300016 ER PT J AU Cain, JP Naulleau, PP Gullikson, EM Spanos, CJ AF Cain, JP Naulleau, PP Gullikson, EM Spanos, CJ TI Lithographic characterization of the flare in the Berkeley 0.3 numerical aperture extreme ultraviolet microfield optic SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID LIGHT AB Flare remains a crucial issue for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. Achieving required flare levels demands mid-spatial-frequency surface roughness levels on the order of 1 angstrom, which is on par with present metrology limits. Lithographic verification of predicted flare levels is thus critical to the validation of current metrology methods. In this work we present the lithographic characterization of flare in the Berkeley EUV microfield exposure tool. Experimental analysis shows good agreement between predicted and measured results. The results also show that it is essential to compensate for proximity and die-to-die effects. In an isolated microfield, flare values of 6.8% and 4.8% in 500 nm and 2 mu m lines, respectively, have been verified. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY 12203 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cain, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jason.cain@amd.com NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 BP 1234 EP 1237 DI 10.1116/1.2194946 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 060GH UT WOS:000238790000026 ER PT J AU Schmid, GM Stewart, MD Wetzel, J Palmieri, F Hao, JJ Nishimura, Y Jen, K Kim, EK Resnick, DJ Liddle, JA Willson, CG AF Schmid, GM Stewart, MD Wetzel, J Palmieri, F Hao, JJ Nishimura, Y Jen, K Kim, EK Resnick, DJ Liddle, JA Willson, CG TI Implementation of an imprint damascene process for interconnect fabrication SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID NANOIMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; STEP AB Advanced integrated circuits require eight or more levels of wiring to transmit electrical signal and power among devices and to external circuitry. Each wiring level connects to the levels above and below it through via layers. The dual damascene approach to fabricating these interconnected structures creates a wiring level and a via level simultaneously, thereby reducing the total number of processing steps. However, the dual damascene strategy (of which there are several variations) still requires around 20 process steps per wiring layer. In this work, an approach to damascene processing that is based on step-and-flash imprint lithography (SFIL) is discussed. This imprint damascene process requires fewer than half as many steps as the standard photolithographic dual damascene approach. Through use of a template with two tiers of patterning, a single imprint lithography step can replace two photolithography steps. Further improvements in efficiency are possible if the imprint material is itself a functional dielectric material. This work is a demonstration of the compatibility of imprint lithography (specifically SFIL) with back-end-of-line processing using a dual damascene approach with functional materials. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Mol Imprints Inc, Austin, TX 78758 USA. Adv Technol Dev Facil Inc, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Willson, CG (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM gschmid@molecularimprints.com; willson@che.utexas.edu RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 14 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 4 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 BP 1283 EP 1291 DI 10.1116/1.2197508 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 060GH UT WOS:000238790000034 ER PT J AU Ptak, AJ Friedman, DJ Kurtz, S Reedy, RC Young, M Jackrel, DB Yuen, HB Bank, SR Wistey, MA Harris, JS AF Ptak, AJ Friedman, DJ Kurtz, S Reedy, RC Young, M Jackrel, DB Yuen, HB Bank, SR Wistey, MA Harris, JS TI Calcium impurities in enhanced-depletion-width GaInNAs grown by molecular-beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd North American Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy CY SEP 11-14, 2005 CL Univ California, Santa Barbara, CA HO Univ California ID SOLAR-CELLS; INGAASN; VACANCIES; NITROGEN; GAASN AB Ca impurities are observed in GaInNAs grown by both molecular-beam epitaxy and metal organic chemical-vapor deposition by high-mass-resolution secondary-ion mass spectrometry measurements. The Ca appears to originate from the surface of the as-received GaAs substrates, and presumably comes from the polishing process used in substrate preparation. Ca was observed in samples grown by different growth methods and in different laboratories. No detectable Ca incorporates into epitaxial GaAs, although Ca levels as high as 10(17) cm(-3) are observed in GaInNAs. There are indications that the Ca impurities act as shallow acceptors in GaInNAs and may, at least in part, control the background acceptor concentrations. This has implications for high-current, p-i-n GaInNAs solar cells that require very low background doping to enhance current collection. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Solid State & Photon Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Ptak, AJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM aaron_ptak@nrel.gov NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 BP 1540 EP 1543 DI 10.1116/1.2190664 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 060GH UT WOS:000238790000085 ER PT J AU Schleyer, MH Heikoop, JM Risk, MJ AF Schleyer, Michael H. Heikoop, Jeffrey M. Risk, Michael J. TI A benthic survey of Aliwal Shoal and assessment of the effects of a wood pulp effluent on the reef SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Aliwal Shoal; South Africa; Stylophora pistillata; Suberites kelleri; wood pulp effluent; stable isotopes ID CONTINENTAL SHELF TRENDS; LABELED ALGAL EXTRACT; STABLE-ISOTOPE RATIOS; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; SUBTIDAL REEF; HETEROTROPHIC UTILIZATION; CORAL TISSUE; SOUTH-AFRICA; FOOD WEBS; DELTA-C-13 AB Aliwal Shoal lies south of Durban in South Africa and has been the subject of recent bathymetric, seafloor and benthic surveys. ANOVA of the biological data revealed that the biota were uniformly distributed on the reef with the exception of encrusting sponges and algae on rock. The variations in distribution of these biota were significant and, in the case of the encrusting sponges, appeared to be related to the discharge of a wood pulp effluent. Further evidence of this was suggested by stable isotope analyses of representative organisms. The encrusting sponges were recommended as good candidates for further monitoring of the effects of the wood pulp effluent on Aliwal Shoal as the effluent pipeline has been extended. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oceanog Res Inst, ZA-4056 Durban, South Africa. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. McMaster Univ, Dept Geol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RP Schleyer, MH (reprint author), Oceanog Res Inst, POB 10712,Marine Parade, ZA-4056 Durban, South Africa. EM schleyer@ori.org.za RI Heikoop, Jeffrey/C-1163-2011; OI Schleyer, Michael/0000-0002-7578-8168; Heikoop, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7648-3385 NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 52 IS 5 BP 503 EP 514 DI 10.1016/j.marpoibul.2005.09.038 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 058TI UT WOS:000238687100016 PM 16271729 ER PT J AU Todd, BD Thornhill, DJ Fitt, WK AF Todd, Brian D. Thornhill, Daniel J. Fitt, William K. TI Patterns of inorganic phosphate uptake in Cassiopea xamachana: A bioindicator species SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Cassiopea xamachana; phosphates; Florida Keys; coral reefs; nutrients; zooxanthellae ID CORAL-REEF; FLORIDA-KEYS; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; WATER; COMMUNITIES; PHOSPHORUS; SEA AB Nutrient levels in the nearshore waters of the Florida Keys have increased over the past few decades concomitant with a decline in the health of Florida's reef system. Phosphorus is a particular concern in the Florida Keys as it may be the limiting nutrient in nearshore waters. We demonstrate that the upside-down jellyfish, Cassiopea xamachana, decreases its rate of phosphate uptake following exposure to elevated levels of dissolved inorganic phosphate. We also show that this subsequent suppression of uptake rates persists for some time following exposure to elevated phosphates. Using these attributes. we experimentally investigated the use of C xamachana as a bioindicator for dissolved inorganic phosphates in seawater. Our results show that these animals reveal comparative differences in environmental phosphates despite traditional testing methods yielding no detectable phosphates. We propose that C xamachana is a bioindicator useful for integrating relevant information about phosphate availability in low nutrient environments. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Todd, BD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM todd@srel.edu RI Thornhill, Daniel/A-7730-2009 NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 52 IS 5 BP 515 EP 521 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.09.044 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 058TI UT WOS:000238687100017 PM 16288929 ER PT J AU Zimmer, JSD Monroe, ME Qian, WJ Smith, RD AF Zimmer, JSD Monroe, ME Qian, WJ Smith, RD TI Advances in proteomics data analysis and display using an accurate mass and time tag approach SO MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE FTICR-MS; proteomics; AMT tag; SPICAT; QCET; PhIST ID ION-CYCLOTRON RESONANCE; CAPILLARY LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BACTERIUM DEINOCOCCUS-RADIODURANS; CATALYZED O-16-TO-O-18 EXCHANGE; ELECTRON-CAPTURE DISSOCIATION; CYSTEINYL-PEPTIDE ENRICHMENT; HIGH-THROUGHPUT PROTEOMICS; PHASE GRADIENT ELUTION; AUTOMATED GAIN-CONTROL; AFFINITY TAG AB Proteomics has recently demonstrated utility for increasing the understanding of cellular processes on the molecular level as a component of systems biology approaches and for identifying potential biomarkers of various disease states. The large amount of data generated by utilizing high efficiency (e.g., chromatographic) separations coupled with high mass accuracy mass spectrometry for high-throughput proteomics analyses presents challenges related to data processing, analysis, and display. This review focuses on recent advances in nanoLC-FTICR-MS-based proteomics approaches and the accompanying data processing tools that have been developed to display and interpret the large volumes of data being produced. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, POB 999,MS K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rds@pnl.gov RI Qian, Weijun/C-6167-2011; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR018522, RR018522]; NIAID NIH HHS [Y1-AI-4894-10] NR 132 TC 206 Z9 212 U1 3 U2 17 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0277-7037 J9 MASS SPECTROM REV JI Mass Spectrom. Rev. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 25 IS 3 BP 450 EP 482 DI 10.1002/mas.20071 PG 33 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 031GQ UT WOS:000236693000004 PM 16429408 ER PT J AU Lee, BI Wang, XY Bhave, R Hu, M AF Lee, BI Wang, XY Bhave, R Hu, M TI Synthesis of brookite TiO2 nanoparticles by ambient condition sol process SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE brookite; ceramics; nanoparticles; powder technology; titania ID AQUEOUS TICL4 SOLUTION; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; HYDROTHERMAL PREPARATION; VISIBLE-LIGHT; ANATASE TIO2; ULTRAFINE POWDERS; PHASE-STABILITY; PRECIPITATION; RUTILE; PHOTOCATALYSIS AB Brookite TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by ambient condition sol process of hydrolyzing TiCl4 in an acidic alcohol under refluxing. The spherical morphology of the particles was found from the SEM and TEM micrographs. The crystalline nature and the brookite phase were confirmed from the X-ray diffractometry. The mean particle size was found to be in the range of 30 nm. Agglomerate formation was observed and could be predicted from the heat released during the hydrolysis of TiCl4. This work presents a simple/direct method for the preparation of high purity brookite TiO2 nanoparticles. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Clemson Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lee, BI (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM burt.lee@ces.clemson.edu OI Hu, Michael/0000-0001-8461-9684 NR 47 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 60 IS 9-10 BP 1179 EP 1183 DI 10.1016/j.matlet.2005.10.114 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 013WE UT WOS:000235439900017 ER PT J AU Lin, Z Zhu, Y Kalabegishvili, TL Tsibakhashvili, NY Holman, HY AF Lin, Z Zhu, Y Kalabegishvili, TL Tsibakhashvili, NY Holman, HY TI Effect of chromate action on morphology of basalt-inhabiting bacteria SO MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-BIOMIMETIC AND SUPRAMOLECULAR SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Asia Symnposium on Biomineralization CY OCT 04-06, 2004 CL Tsinghau Univ, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Tsinghau Univ DE chromate reduction; basalt; capsule; arthrobacter ID REDUCTION; CR(VI) AB Basalt-inhabiting bacteria isolated from polluted basalts have been demonstrated to be able to tolerate moderate to high concentrations of chromium oxyanions such as chromate. Previous results have shown that macromolecules outside the cell wall of bacteria may play an important role in this survival ability. In this paper, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were applied to study the chromate-induced morphological changes in chromate-resistant basalt-inhabiting Arthrobacter K-2 and K-4, which were isolated from the Republic of Georgia. The surfaces of both strains changed in the presence of chromate. TEM thin sections show that chromate stimulates the appearance of bacteria capsular polysaccharide outside the cell wall, although the chromate concentration does not have a strong effect on the capsular thickness. These results, in conjunction with those reported earlier, provide direct evidence to show that capsular polysaccharides of the bacteria play very important role for the reduction and localization of chromate. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Fujian Inst Res Struct Matter, State Key Lab Struct Chem, Fujian 350002, Peoples R China. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Georgian Acad Sci, Andronikashvilli Inst Phys, GE-0177 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lin, Z (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Fujian Inst Res Struct Matter, State Key Lab Struct Chem, Fujian 350002, Peoples R China. EM zlin@fjirsm.ac.cn RI Holman, Hoi-Ying/N-8451-2014 OI Holman, Hoi-Ying/0000-0002-7534-2625 NR 10 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-4931 J9 MAT SCI ENG C-BIO S JI Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Biomimetic Supramol. Syst. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 26 IS 4 BP 610 EP 612 DI 10.1016/j.msec.2005.06.058 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 043ZD UT WOS:000237640800007 ER PT J AU Jacobson, SH Mclay, LA Hall, SN Henderson, D Vaughan, DE AF Jacobson, SH Mclay, LA Hall, SN Henderson, D Vaughan, DE TI Optimal search strategies using simultaneous generalized hill climbing algorithms SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article DE search and rescue operations; simulated annealing; local search algorithms; traveling salesman problem AB Optimal search strategies for conducting reconnaissance, surveillance or search and rescue operations with limited assets are of significant interest to military decision makers. Multiple search platforms with varying capabilities can be deployed individually or simultaneously for these operations (e.g., helicopters, fixed wing or satellite). Due to the timeliness required in these operations, efficient use of available search platforms is critical to the success of such missions. Designing optimal search strategies over multiple search platforms can be modeled and solved as a multiple traveling salesman problem (MTSP). This paper demonstrates how simultaneous generalized hill climbing algorithms (SGHC) can be used to determine optimal search strategies over multiple search platforms for the MTSP. Computational results with SGHC algorithms applied to the MTSP are reported. These results demonstrate that when limited computing budgets are available, optimal/near-optimal search strategies over multiple search platforms can be obtained more efficiently using SGHC algorithms compared to other generalized hill climbing algorithms. Applications and extensions of this research to other military applications are also discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Simulat & Optimizat Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Jacobson, SH (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Simulat & Optimizat Lab, 1206 W Green St,MC-244, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM shj@uiuc.edu; lalbert@uiuc.edu; snhall@uiuc.edu; darrall@stanfordalumni.org; dev@lanl.gov OI Jacobson, Sheldon/0000-0002-9042-8750; Albert, Laura/0000-0001-7079-4473 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 43 IS 9-10 BP 1061 EP 1073 DI 10.1016/j.mcm.2005.05.025 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 046MP UT WOS:000237816000007 ER PT J AU Williams, M Samuelsen, S AF Williams, M Samuelsen, S TI Beginning the transformation SO MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Natl Fuel Cell Res Ctr, Irvine, CA USA. RP Williams, M (reprint author), US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0025-6501 J9 MECH ENG JI Mech. Eng. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 128 IS 5 BP 40 EP 43 PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 040LT UT WOS:000237380800030 ER PT J AU Tin, S Zhang, L Brewster, G Miller, MK AF Tin, S Zhang, L Brewster, G Miller, MK TI Investigation of oxidation characteristics and atomic partitioning in platinum and ruthenium bearing single-crystal Ni-based superalloys SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GAMMA'-PHASE; PROBE; BEHAVIOR; RHENIUM; RE AB The elemental partitioning characteristics of advanced single-crystal Ni-base superalloys containing additions of both Pt and Ru have been investigated using atom probe tomography. Detailed micro-analysis revealed Ru additions partitioned preferentially to the disordered gamma matrix, whereas Pt additions tended to partition to the ordered intermetallic gamma' precipitates. The stability of the gamma' precipitates at elevated temperatures coupled with the subtle changes in elemental partitioning associated with the additions of Cr and Ru were found to significantly influence the bare metal cyclic oxidation behavior of the experimental single-crystal alloys. Although the presence of Pt was observed to greatly enhance oxidation characteristics, these beneficial gains were impacted by Cr and Ru additions as they both increased the tendency for oxide spallation during cyclic thermal exposures. C1 Rolls Royce Cambridge Univ Technol Partnership, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, England. IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tin, S (reprint author), Rolls Royce Cambridge Univ Technol Partnership, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, England. EM tin@iit.edu RI Tin, Sammy/G-2869-2012 NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 37A IS 5 BP 1389 EP 1396 DI 10.1007/s11661-006-0083-1 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 043RA UT WOS:000237617900003 ER PT J AU Totemeier, TC Tian, H Simpson, JA AF Totemeier, T. C. Tian, H. Simpson, J. A. TI Effect of normalization temperature on the creep strength of modified 9Cr-1Mo steel SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; HEAT-TREATMENT AB The effect of normalization temperature from 850 degrees C to 1050 degrees C on the structure and creep-rupture properties of modified 9Cr-1Mo steel was studied. Normalization at temperatures below 925 degrees C resulted in structures containing significant polygonized, recovered ferrite. The ferrite structures had poor creep-rupture strength: roughly two orders of magnitude increase in minimum creep rate or decrease in rupture life for 850 degrees C compared to 1050 degrees C normalization at test conditions of 600 degrees C and 145 MPa. Room-temperature strength and hardness were also reduced. The microstructure after normalization at the standard 1050 degrees C temperature consisted of tempered martensite with fine M(23)C(6) carbide along prior austenite and lath boundaries and fine MX carbonitride precipitates within the laths. Normalization at temperatures between 925 degrees C and 1000 degrees C also resulted in reduced creep strength in comparison with 1050 degrees C normalization, even though tempered martensite microstruclures were formed and little change in room-temperature strength was observed; the reduction was attributed to subtle differences in the MX precipitates. The effect of reduced normalization temperature was more pronounced for higher-temperature, lower-stress creep-rupture conditions. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Totemeier, TC (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625,MS 2218, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM terry.totemeier@inl.gov NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 37A IS 5 BP 1519 EP 1525 DI 10.1007/s11661-006-0096-9 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 043RA UT WOS:000237617900016 ER PT J AU Vianco, PT Martin, JJ Wright, RD Hlava, PF AF Vianco, PT Martin, JJ Wright, RD Hlava, PF TI Dissolution and interface reactions between the 95.5Sn-3.9Ag-0.6Cu, 99.3Sn-0.7Cu, and 63Sn-37Pb solders on silver base metal SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TIN; CU AB Dissolution and intermetallic compound (IMC) layer development were examined for couples formed between 99.9 silver (Ag) and molten 95.5Sn-3.9Ag-0.6Cu (wt pct), 99.3Sn-0.7Cu, and 63Sn-37Pb solders, using a range of solder temperatures and exposure times. The interface reactions that controlled Ag dissolution were sensitive to the solder composition. The Ag3Sn IMC layer thickness and interface microstructure as a whole exhibited nonmonotonic trends and were controlled primarily by the near-interface solder composition. The kinetics of IMC layer growth were weakly dependent upon the solder composition. The processes of Ag dissolution and IMC layer growth were independent of one another. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. Orion Inc, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Vianco, PT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM ptvianc@sandia.gov NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 37A IS 5 BP 1551 EP 1561 DI 10.1007/s11661-006-0099-6 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 043RA UT WOS:000237617900019 ER PT J AU Arslan, I Browning, ND AF Arslan, I Browning, ND TI Atomic scale defect analysis in the scanning transmission electron microscope SO MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE LA English DT Article DE STEM; Z-contrast; EELS; dislocations; GaN ID ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; INELASTIC-SCATTERING; RESOLUTION STEM; LOSS SPECTRA; CRYSTALS; DIFFRACTION; CONTRAST AB Z-contrast imaging and electron energy loss spectroscopy in the scanning transmission electron microscope provide the ability to investigate the structure-composition-property relationship at individual defects on the atomic scale. In this article, the main principles behind the techniques will be described. The application of these methods to the analysis of individual dislocations in GaN will also be discussed. In this case, the atomic scale methods indicate that many of the structural and electronic properties of dislocations are modified by the presence of impurities, such as oxygen. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Arslan, I (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM iarslan@sandia.gov OI Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1059-910X J9 MICROSC RES TECHNIQ JI Microsc. Res. Tech. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 69 IS 5 BP 330 EP 342 DI 10.1002/jemt.30289 PG 13 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Biology; Microscopy SC Anatomy & Morphology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Microscopy GA 041OQ UT WOS:000237465900004 PM 16646012 ER PT J AU Miller, MK AF Miller, MK TI Atom probe tomography characterization of solute segregation to dislocations SO MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE LA English DT Article DE field ion microscopy; segregation ID FIELD-ION MICROSCOPY; SUPER DISLOCATIONS; GRAIN-BOUNDARY; DEFECTS; LINE; NI AB The extent and level of solute segregation to individual dislocations may be quantified by atom probe tomography. The technique is best applied to materials with high dislocation densities, such as cold worked, mechanically alloyed, or neutron-irradiated materials. Dislocations may be observed in field ion images by a change of the normal concentric atom terraces at crystallographic poles to spirals. Solute segregation is evident in field ion images by brightly imaging atoms near the core of the dislocation. Dislocations are evident in atom maps in the three-dimensional atom probe by linear regions of enhanced solute concentration. The maximum separation envelope and tracer methods may be used to quantify the levels of solute at the dislocation at the subnanometer scale. Examples of interstitial and substitutional element segregation in a mechanically alloyed, oxide dispersion strengthened ferrite steel and phosphorus segregation to dislocations in neutron-irradiated pressure vessel steels are presented. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Microscopy Microanal Microstruct Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Miller, MK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Microscopy Microanal Microstruct Grp, POB 2008,Bldg 4500SMS 6136, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM millermk@ornl.gov NR 31 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1059-910X J9 MICROSC RES TECHNIQ JI Microsc. Res. Tech. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 69 IS 5 BP 359 EP 365 DI 10.1002/jemt.20291 PG 7 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Biology; Microscopy SC Anatomy & Morphology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Microscopy GA 041OQ UT WOS:000237465900006 PM 16646009 ER PT J AU Huerta, AM Collado-Vides, J Francino, MP AF Huerta, AM Collado-Vides, J Francino, MP TI Positional conservation of clusters of overlapping promoter-like sequences in enterobacterial genomes SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Society-for-Molecular-Biology-and-Evolution Young Investigators Workshop (SMBEYI-3) CY JUN 24-27, 2005-2006 CL Palmerston, NEW ZEALAND SP Soc Mol Biol & Evolut DE regulatory evolution; bacterial promoters; signal redundancy; comparative genomics ID DNAQ-RNH GENES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SIGMA-FACTORS; STABILIZING SELECTION; EPSILON-GLOBIN; TRANSCRIPTION; EVOLUTION; POLYMERASE; EXPRESSION; MODEL AB The selective mechanisms operating in regulatory regions of bacterial genomes are poorly understood. We have previously shown that, in most bacterial genomes, regulatory regions contain high densities of sigma(70) promoter-like signals that are significantly above the densities detected in nonregulatory genomic regions. In order to investigate the molecular evolutionary forces that operate in bacterial regulatory regions and how they affect the observed redundancy of promoter-like signals, we have undertaken a comparative analysis across the completely sequenced genomes of enteric gamma-proteobacteria. This analysis detects significant positional conservation of promoter-like signal clusters across enterics, some times in spite of strong primary sequence divergence. This suggests that the conservation of the nature and exact position of specific nucleotides is not necessarily the priority of selection for maintaining the transcriptional function in these bacteria. We have further characterized the structural conservation of the regulatory regions of dnaQ and crp across all enterics. These two regions differ in essentiality and mode of regulation, the regulation of crp being more complex and involving interactions with several transcription factors. This results in substantially different modes of evolution, with the dnaQ region appearing to evolve under stronger purifying selection and the crp region showing the likely effects of stabilizing selection for a complex pattern of gene expression. The higher flexibility of the crp region is consistent with the observed less conservation of global regulators in evolution. Patterns of regulatory evolution are also found to be markedly different in endosymbiotic bacteria, in a manner consistent with regulatory regions suffering some level of degradation, as has been observed for many other characters in these genomes. Therefore, the mode of evolution of bacterial regulatory regions appears to be highly dependent on both the lifestyle of the bacterium and the specific regulatory requirements of different genes. In fact, in many bacteria, the mode of evolution of genes requiring significant physiological adaptability in expression levels may follow patterns similar to those operating in the more complex regulatory regions of eukaryotic genomes. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Evolut Genom Dept, Walnut Creek, CA USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Genom Div, Walnut Creek, CA USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Genom, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. RP Huerta, AM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Evolut Genom Dept, Walnut Creek, CA USA. EM amhuerta@ccg.unam.mx RI Francino, M. Pilar/H-9090-2015 OI Francino, M. Pilar/0000-0002-4510-5653 NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0737-4038 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 23 IS 5 BP 997 EP 1010 DI 10.1093/molbev/msk004 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 039QH UT WOS:000237320800020 PM 16547149 ER PT J AU Smith, RD Tang, KQ Shen, YF AF Smith, RD Tang, KQ Shen, YF TI Ultra-sensitive and quantitative characterization of proteomes SO MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID ION-CYCLOTRON RESONANCE; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HIGH-PERFORMANCE SEPARATIONS; PHASE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CODED AFFINITY TAGS; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; ACCURATE MASS; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; FUNNEL INTERFACE AB Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry combined with high efficiency capillary liquid chromatography provides high sensitivity and broad dynamic range measurements for the characterization of biological macromolecules in complex matrices, and is an increasingly powerful analytical tool for systems biology research. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, POB 999,MS K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rds@pnl.gov RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR018522]; NHGRI NIH HHS [P50 HG02370]; NIAID NIH HHS [Y1-AI-4894-01]; NIDA NIH HHS [1P30 DA01562501] NR 69 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1742-206X J9 MOL BIOSYST JI Mol. Biosyst. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 2 IS 5 BP 221 EP 230 DI 10.1039/b601468b PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 044EZ UT WOS:000237656500007 PM 16880940 ER PT J AU Shoghi-Jadid, K Barrio, JR Kepe, V Huang, SC AF Shoghi-Jadid, K Barrio, JR Kepe, V Huang, SC TI Exploring a mathematical model for the kinetics of beta-amyloid molecular imaging probes through a critical analysis of plaque pathology SO MOLECULAR IMAGING AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE imaging Alzheimer's disease; amyloid plaque; quantifying beta-amyloid load; kinetics; compartmental model ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; SENILE PLAQUES; MONTE-CARLO; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; ANOMALOUS DIFFUSION; COGNITIVE DECLINE; MICROGLIAL CELLS; TRANSGENIC MICE; ASTROCYTES; DEPOSITION AB Amyloid plaques are highly heterogeneous in content, size, density, and macromolecular crowding, as they are composed of masses of fibrils and other cellular material. Given, this target architecture, the aggregated microenvironment offers a unique imaging target for ligands and positron emission tomography (PET) molecular imaging probes (MIPs). In this work, we address how the heterogeneous microenvironment of a plaque and its evolution may affect the kinetic rate constant of PET MIPs. We argue that macromolecular crowding will result in anomalous diffusion within plaque regions. To account for anomalous diffusion within plaques, we propose a diffusion-limited ligand-receptor compartmental model. Given the current state of knowledge about the pathological progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the model's parameters may be a function of the pathological progression of AD, which could result in biased estimates of the true amyloid load. The bias may be partially overcome through evaluation in conjunction with other measures of AD progression including cerebral glucose metabolism rate, neuronal cell loss, and activated inflammatory presence. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Biomath, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Mol & Med Pharmacol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, DOE Ctr Mol Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Radiol Sci, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Shoghi-Jadid, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Biomath, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM shoghik@wustl.edu RI Shoghi, Kooresh/H-7398-2014 OI Shoghi, Kooresh/0000-0003-3204-457X NR 52 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1536-1632 J9 MOL IMAGING BIOL JI Mol. Imaging. Biol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 8 IS 3 BP 151 EP 162 DI 10.1007/s11307-006-0037-4 PG 12 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 045PO UT WOS:000237754300002 PM 16552500 ER PT J AU Simison, WB Lindberg, DR Boore, JL AF Simison, WB Lindberg, DR Boore, JL TI Rolling circle amplification of metazoan mitochondrial genomes SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE SEQUENCE; DNA-POLYMERASE; ORGANIZATION; EVOLUTION; FIDELITY; PRIMERS; TURTLES C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Paleontol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Simison, WB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM simey@Berkeley.Edu RI Simison, W. Brian/B-1315-2011; Lindberg, David/D-8138-2011 NR 32 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 39 IS 2 BP 562 EP 567 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2005.11.006 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 037UD UT WOS:000237171900023 PM 16360323 ER PT J AU Forsayeth, JR Eberling, JL Sanftner, LM Zhen, Z Pivirotto, P Bringas, J Cunningham, J Bankiewicz, KS AF Forsayeth, John R. Eberling, Jamie L. Sanftner, Laura M. Zhen, Zhu Pivirotto, Philip Bringas, John Cunningham, Janet Bankiewicz, Krystof S. TI A Dose-Ranging Study of AAV-hAADC Therapy in Parkinsonian Monkeys SO MOLECULAR THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Forsayeth, John R.; Pivirotto, Philip; Bringas, John; Cunningham, Janet; Bankiewicz, Krystof S.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Eberling, Jamie L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sanftner, Laura M.; Zhen, Zhu] Avigen Inc, Alameda, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1525-0016 EI 1525-0024 J9 MOL THER JI Mol. Ther. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 SU 1 MA 241 BP S93 EP S93 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA V32EC UT WOS:000208933501165 ER PT J AU Lugmair, CG Tilley, TD AF Lugmair, CG Tilley, TD TI Single source molecular precursors to niobia-silica and niobium phosphate materials SO MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE LA English DT Article DE niobia; siloxide; phosphate; molecular precursors; silicate ID EQUILIBRIUM ADSORPTION METHOD; CATALYTIC PROPERTIES; CONTAINING AEROGELS; ACIDIC PROPERTIES; OXIDE CATALYSTS; SURFACE; DESIGN; SITES AB The molecular precursors Nb((OPr)-Pr-i)(2)[OSi((OBu)-Bu-t)(3)](3) and {Nb((OPr)-Pr-i)(4)[O2P((OBu)-Bu-t)(2)]}(2) have been prepared. The first compound undergoes facile thermal conversion to high surface area, acidic niobia silica, whereas the second one thermally decomposes to a low surface area niobium phosphate. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tilley, TD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tdtilley@berkeley.edu NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0026-9247 J9 MONATSH CHEM JI Mon. Chem. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 137 IS 5 BP 557 EP 566 DI 10.1007/s00706-006-0445-9 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 041XA UT WOS:000237488700006 ER PT J AU Kini, A Gottschall, RJ Haworth, WL AF Kini, A Gottschall, RJ Haworth, WL TI William (Bill) Tenley Oosterhuis - In memoriam SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 US DOE, Washington, DC USA. Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Kini, A (reprint author), US DOE, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 31 IS 5 BP 370 EP 370 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 046MR UT WOS:000237816200007 ER PT J AU Goldberger, J Hochbaum, AI Fan, R Yang, PD AF Goldberger, Josh Hochbaum, Allon I. Fan, Rong Yang, Peidong TI Silicon vertically integrated nanowire field effect transistors SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOIMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; DOUBLE-GATE; CHANNEL; DEVICES; MOSFETS; GROWTH; FABRICATION; FINFETS; ARRAYS AB Silicon nanowires have received considerable attention as transistor components because they represent a facile route toward sub-100-nm single-crystalline Si features. Herein we demonstrate the direct vertical integration of Si nanowire arrays into surrounding gate field effect transistors without the need for postgrowth nanowire assembly processes. The device fabrication allows Si nanowire channel diameters to be readily reduced to the 5-nm regime. These first-generation vertically integrated nanowire field effect transistors (VINFETs) exhibit electronic properties that are comparable to other horizontal nanowire field effect transistors (FETs) and may, with further optimization, compete with advanced solid-state nanoelectronic devices. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yang, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM p_yang@berkeley.edu RI Goldberger, Joshua/F-5484-2011; Fan, Rong/B-1613-2014; Goldberger, Joshua/N-8963-2016 OI Goldberger, Joshua/0000-0003-4284-604X; Goldberger, Joshua/0000-0003-4284-604X NR 34 TC 515 Z9 521 U1 12 U2 150 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 6 IS 5 BP 973 EP 977 DI 10.1021/nl060166j PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 043HY UT WOS:000237592900018 ER PT J AU Eastman, PS Ruan, WM Doctolero, M Nuttall, R De Feo, G Park, JS Chu, JSF Cooke, P Gray, JW Li, S Chen, FQF AF Eastman, PS Ruan, WM Doctolero, M Nuttall, R De Feo, G Park, JS Chu, JSF Cooke, P Gray, JW Li, S Chen, FQF TI Qdot nanobarcodes for multiplexed gene expression analysis SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ARRAYS AB We report a quantum dot (Qdot) nanobarcode-based microbead random array platform for accurate and reproducible gene expression profiling in a high-throughput and multiplexed format. Four different sizes of Qdots, with emissions at 525, 545, 565, and 585 nm are mixed with a polymer and coated onto the 8-mu m-diameter magnetic microbeads to generate a nanobarcoded bead termed as QBeads. Twelve intensity levels for each of the four colors were used. Gene-specific oligonucleotide probes are conjugated to the surface of each spectrally nanobarcoded bead to create a multiplexed panel, and biotinylated cRNAs are generated from sample total RNA and hybridized to the gene probes on the microbeads. A fifth streptavidin Qdot ( 655 nm or infrared Qdot) binds to biotin on the cRNA, acting as a quantification reporter. Target identity was decoded based on spectral profile and intensity ratios of the four coding Qdots ( 525, 545, 565, and 585 nm). The intensity of the 655 nm Qdot reflects the level of biotinylated cRNA captured on the beads and provides the quantification for the corresponding target gene. The system shows a sensitivity of <= 10(4) target molecules detectable with T7 amplification, a level that is better than the 105 number achievable with a high-density microarray system, and approaching the 10(3)-10(4) level usually observed for quantitative PCR (qPCR). The QBead nanobarcode system has a dynamic range of 3.5 logs, better than the 2-3 logs observed on various microarray platforms. The hybridization reaction is performed in liquid phase and completed in 1-2 hours, at least 1 order of magnitude faster than microarray-based hybridizations. Detectable fold change is lower than 1.4- fold, showing high precision even at close to single copy per cell level. Reproducibility for this proof-of-concept study approaches that of Affymetrix GeneChip microarray, with an R-2 value between two repeats at 0.984, and interwell CV around 5%. In addition, it provides increased flexibility, convenience, and cost-effectiveness in comparison to conventional gene expression profiling methods. C1 Lawrence Berkley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkley Natl Lab, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Affymetrix Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. Quantum Dots Corp, Hayward, CA 94545 USA. RP Chen, FQF (reprint author), Lawrence Berkley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, MS 977R0225A,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM f_chen@lbl.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL078534] NR 11 TC 124 Z9 127 U1 4 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 6 IS 5 BP 1059 EP 1064 DI 10.1021/nl060795t PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 043HY UT WOS:000237592900033 PM 16683851 ER PT J AU Franceschetti, A Wang, LW Bester, G Zunger, A AF Franceschetti, A. Wang, L. W. Bester, G. Zunger, A. TI Confinement-induced versus correlation-induced electron localization and wave function entanglement in semiconductor nano dumbbells SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ASSEMBLED QUANTUM DOTS; MONTE-CARLO; COMPUTATION; SPECTRA; SINGLE; MODEL AB Single-particle plus many-particle calculations of the electronic states of semiconductor nano dumbbells show how geometrical features (e.g., the width of the dumbbell wire) determine, through quantum confinement and electron-electron correlation effects, the spatial localization and the degree of entanglement of the electronic wave functions. Remarkably, we find that correlation effects can alter carrier localization and that the degree of wave function entanglement can be tuned by changing the diameter of the dumbbell wire. We further show how the exciton binding energy depends on the nano dumbbell geometry. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Comp Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Franceschetti, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM alberto_franceschetti@nrel.gov RI Bester, Gabriel/I-4414-2012; Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 OI Bester, Gabriel/0000-0003-2304-0817; NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 6 IS 5 BP 1069 EP 1074 DI 10.1021/nl052511v PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 043HY UT WOS:000237592900035 ER PT J AU Mellone, B Erhardt, S Karpen, GH AF Mellone, B Erhardt, S Karpen, GH TI The ABCs of centromeres SO NATURE CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID FISSION YEAST; CENP-A; CHROMATIN; KINETOCHORES; PROTEIN; CELLS AB Accurate segregation of genetic information during cell division relies on a multiprotein complex called the kinetochore, whose formation requires specialized centromeric chromatin. Two papers in this issue of Nature Cell Biology identify a multitude of new vertebrate kinetochore proteins that provide insight into the link between centromeric chromatin and the kinetochore, and suggest a functional relationship between centromeres and nucleoli during interphase. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Genome Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mellone, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Genome Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM karpen@fruitfly.org OI Mellone, Barbara/0000-0002-2785-5119 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM066272-04, R01 GM066272] NR 16 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1465-7392 J9 NAT CELL BIOL JI Nat. Cell Biol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 8 IS 5 BP 427 EP 429 DI 10.1038/ncb0506-427 PG 3 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 039IO UT WOS:000237299400002 PM 16691204 ER PT J AU Rajh, T AF Rajh, T TI Bio-functionalized quantum dots: Tinkering with cell machinery SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT News Item C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Chem Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rajh, T (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Chem Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rajh@anl.gov NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 5 IS 5 BP 347 EP 348 DI 10.1038/nmat1642 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 039BC UT WOS:000237273500012 PM 16652118 ER PT J AU Veal, BW Paulikas, AP Hou, PY AF Veal, BW Paulikas, AP Hou, PY TI Tensile stress and creep in thermally grown oxide SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ALUMINA SCALES; MICROSTRUCTURE; SEGREGATION AB Structural components that operate at high temperatures (for example, turbine blades) rely on thermally grown oxide (TGO), commonly alumina, for corrosion protection. Strains that develop in TGOs during operation can reduce the protectiveness of the TGO(1). However, the occurrence of growth strains in TGOs, and mechanisms that cause them, are poorly understood. It is accepted that compressive strains can develop as oxygen and metal atoms meet to form new growth within constrained oxide(2,3). More controversial is the experimental finding that large tensile stresses, close to 1 GPa, develop during isothermal growth conditions in alumina TGO formed on a FeCrAlY alloy(4). Using a novel technique(5) based on synchrotron radiation, we have confirmed these previous results, and show that the tensile strain develops as the early oxide, (Fe, Cr, Al)(2)O-3, converts to alpha-Al2O3 during the growth process. This allows us to model the strain behaviour by including creep and this diffusion-controlled phase change. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94530 USA. RP Veal, BW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM veal@anl.gov NR 12 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 29 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 5 IS 5 BP 349 EP 351 DI 10.1038/nmat1626 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 039BC UT WOS:000237273500013 PM 16604078 ER PT J AU Mohottala, HE Wells, BO Budnick, JI Hines, WA Niedermayer, C Udby, L Bernhard, C Moodenbaugh, AR Chou, FC AF Mohottala, HE Wells, BO Budnick, JI Hines, WA Niedermayer, C Udby, L Bernhard, C Moodenbaugh, AR Chou, FC TI Phase separation in superoxygenated La2-xSrxCuO4+y SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID T-J MODEL; SUPERCONDUCTING PROPERTIES; TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; LA2CUO4+DELTA; ORDER; LA2-XBAXCUO4; BEHAVIOR AB The complex interplay between superconducting and magnetic phases remains poorly understood. Here, we report on the phase separation of doped holes into separate magnetic and superconducting regions in superoxygenated La2-xSrxCuO4+y, with various Sr contents. Irrespective of Sr-doping, excess oxygen raises the superconducting onset to 40 K with a coexisting magnetic spin-density wave that also orders near 40 K in each of our samples. The magnetic region is closely related to the anomalous, 1/8-hole-doped magnetic versions of La2CuO4, whereas the superconducting region is optimally doped. The two phases are probably the only truly stable ground states in this region of the phase diagram. This simple two-component system is a candidate for electronic phase separation in cuprate superconductors, and a key to understanding seemingly conflicting experimental observations. C1 Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. ETHZ & PSI, Lab Neutron Scattering, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Riso Natl Lab, Dept Mat Res, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Max Planck Inst Festkoerperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Ctr Condensed Matter Sci, Taipei 106, Taiwan. RP Wells, BO (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, U-3046,k2152 Hillside Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM wells@phys.uconn.edu RI Niedermayer, Christof/K-4436-2014; Udby, Linda/M-4649-2014; OI Udby, Linda/0000-0002-2816-6825; Moodenbaugh, Arnold/0000-0002-3415-6762 NR 38 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 21 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 EI 1476-4660 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 5 IS 5 BP 377 EP 382 DI 10.1038/nmat1633 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 039BC UT WOS:000237273500019 PM 16617346 ER PT J AU Clarke, SJ Hollmann, CA Zhang, ZJ Suffern, D Bradforth, SE Dimitrijevic, NM Minarik, WG Nadeau, JL AF Clarke, SJ Hollmann, CA Zhang, ZJ Suffern, D Bradforth, SE Dimitrijevic, NM Minarik, WG Nadeau, JL TI Photophysics of dopamine-modified quantumdots and effects on biological systems SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; DOTS; NANOPARTICLES; CYTOTOXICITY; RECEPTOR; CADMIUM; CELLS AB Semiconductor quantum dots ( QDs) have been widely used for fluorescent labelling. However, their ability to transfer electrons and holes to biomolecules leads to spectral changes and effects on living systems that have yet to be exploited. Here we report the first cell-based biosensor based on electron transfer between a small molecule ( the neurotransmitter dopamine) and CdSe/ZnS QDs. QD-dopamine conjugates label living cells in a redox-sensitive pattern: under reducing conditions, fluorescence is only seen in the cell periphery and lysosomes. As the cell becomes more oxidizing, QD labelling appears in the perinuclear region, including in or on mitochondria. With the most-oxidizing cellular conditions, QD labelling throughout the cell is seen. Phototoxicity results from the creation of singlet oxygen, and can be reduced with antioxidants. This work suggests methods for the creation of phototoxic drugs and for redox-specific fluorescent labelling that are generalizable to any QD conjugated to an electron donor. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Montreal, PQ H3A 2B4, Canada. Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Dept, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2B4, Canada. RP Nadeau, JL (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Montreal, PQ H3A 2B4, Canada. EM jay.nadeau@mcgill.ca RI Bradforth, Stephen/B-5186-2008; Clarke, Samuel/C-9955-2010; Delehanty, James/F-7454-2012; Minarik, William/F-5590-2013; Zhang, Zhijun/E-5980-2014 OI Bradforth, Stephen/0000-0002-6164-3347; Minarik, William/0000-0001-5509-5543; Zhang, Zhijun/0000-0002-9853-1031 NR 29 TC 221 Z9 230 U1 10 U2 97 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 5 IS 5 BP 409 EP 417 DI 10.1038/nmat1631 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 039BC UT WOS:000237273500024 PM 16617348 ER PT J AU Pfeifer, T AF Pfeifer, T TI Attoscience - Conducting the beat SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT News Item ID PULSES AB The ability to generate intense attosecond pulses of light promises unprecedented opportunities to study the lightest and fastest of all chemically relevant particles - electrons. Two techniques demonstrate progress towards measuring and controlling their attosecond dynamics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pfeifer, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tpfeifer@lbl.gov NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 2 IS 5 BP 297 EP 298 DI 10.1038/nphys303 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 044BY UT WOS:000237648400010 ER PT J AU Perry, JJP Yannone, SM Holden, LG Hitomi, C Asaithamby, A Han, S Cooper, PK Chen, DJ Tainer, JA AF Perry, JJP Yannone, SM Holden, LG Hitomi, C Asaithamby, A Han, S Cooper, PK Chen, DJ Tainer, JA TI WRN exonuclease structure and molecular mechanism imply an editing role in DNA end processing SO NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WERNER-SYNDROME PROTEIN; STRAND BREAK REPAIR; POLYMERASE-I; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; HELICASE; RECOMBINATION; COMPLEX; CELLS; KU; RESOLUTION AB WRN is unique among the five human RecQ DNA helicases in having a functional exonuclease domain (WRN-exo) and being defective in the premature aging and cancer-related disorder Werner syndrome. Here, we characterize WRN-exo crystal structures, biochemical activity and participation in DNA end joining. Metal-ion complex structures, active site mutations and activity assays reveal a nuclease mechanism mediated by two metal ions. The DNA end-binding Ku70/80 complex specifically stimulates WRN-exo activity, and structure-based mutational inactivation of WRN-exo alters DNA end joining in human cells. We furthermore establish structural and biochemical similarities of WRN-exo to DnaQ-family replicative proofreading exonucleases, describing WRN-specific adaptations consistent with double-stranded DNA specificity and functionally important conformational changes. These results indicate WRN-exo is a human DnaQ family member and support DnaQ-like proofreading activities stimulated by Ku70/80, with implications for WRN functions in age-related pathologies and maintenance of genomic integrity. C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Skaggs Inst Chem Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Mol Biol, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Exploratory Med Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Div Mol Radiat Biol, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. RP Tainer, JA (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, 10666 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM smyannone@lbl.gov; jat@scripps.edu RI Yannone, Steven/G-1927-2011; OI Holden, Lauren/0000-0001-8014-4503 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA104660, CA63503, CA92584] NR 50 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1545-9985 J9 NAT STRUCT MOL BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 BP 414 EP 422 DI 10.1038/nsmb1088 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 040DR UT WOS:000237359700015 PM 16622405 ER PT J AU Dow-Edwards, DL Benveniste, H Behnke, M Bandstra, ES Singer, LT Hurd, YL Stanford, LR AF Dow-Edwards, DL Benveniste, H Behnke, M Bandstra, ES Singer, LT Hurd, YL Stanford, LR TI Neuroimaging of prenatal drug exposure SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Review ID RECEPTOR MESSENGER-RNA; PERINATAL DELTA(9)-TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL EXPOSURE; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; UTERO COCAINE EXPOSURE; CANNABINOID RECEPTOR; RAT-BRAIN; MARIJUANA USE; IN-UTERO; CORPUS-CALLOSUM C1 Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. Dept Med, Brookhaven Natl Lab, New York, NY USA. Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Gainesville, FL USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Miami, FL USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Univ Hosp Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Psychiat Sect, Stockholm, Sweden. Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Dow-Edwards, DL (reprint author), Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, 450 Clarkson Ave,Box 29, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. EM diana.dow-edwards@downstate.edu NR 103 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2006 VL 28 IS 3 BP 386 EP 402 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2006.03.003 PG 17 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 056JW UT WOS:000238519900008 PM 16832875 ER PT J AU Mueller, RP Moursund, RA Bleich, MD AF Mueller, Robert P. Moursund, Russell A. Bleich, Matthew D. TI Tagging juvenile pacific lamprey with passive integrated transponders: Methodology, short-term mortality, and influence on swimming performance SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB This study was conducted to determine the feasibility (i.e., efficiency and nonintrusiveness) of tagging juvenile Pacific lampreys Lampetra tridentata with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags and to determine any associated impacts on survivorship and swimming ability. Juvenile Pacific lampreys were obtained from the John Day Dam fish collection facility and tests were conducted at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in 2001 and 2002. A new PIT-tagging procedure was used to inject 12-mm tags 5 mm posterior to the gill openings. Lampreys were allowed to recover for 3-4 d following surgery before postmortality and swimming tests were conducted. The PIT tagging procedure during 2001 did not include a suture, and 2.6% of the tags were shed after 40 d. During 2002 a single suture was used to close the opening after inserting a tag, and no tag shedding was observed. Overall short-term mortality rates for lampreys 120-155 mm (total length) held for 40 d at 8 degrees C was 2.2% for tagged and 2.7% for untagged fish. Mortality increased significantly when tagged and untagged groups were held in warmer (19-23 degrees C) river water: 50% for tagged and 60% for untagged animals. Lengths did not significantly affect survival for either the tagged or untagged group held in warm water. A fungal infection was observed to be the cause of death when water temperature increased. Swimming tests to determine any adverse effects due to tag insertion showed no significant difference (P = 0.12) between tagged and untagged lampreys for mean burst speed; however, maximum burst speeds were significantly lower for the PIT-tagged group. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Mueller, RP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM robert.mueller@pnl.gov NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 26 IS 2 BP 361 EP 366 DI 10.1577/M05-017.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 064ZY UT WOS:000239130400011 ER PT J AU Tuli, JK Singh, S Jain, AK AF Tuli, JK Singh, S Jain, AK TI Nuclear data sheets for A=251 SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-DEFICIENT ISOTOPES; QUASI-PARTICLE STATES; FAVORED ALPHA-DECAYS; FISSION HALF-LIVES; HEAVIEST NUCLEI; GROUND-STATE; EINSTEINIUM ISOTOPES; SUPERHEAVY NUCLEI; X-RAY; ENERGY AB Nuclear spectroscopic information for known nuclides of mass number 251 with Z=96 to 102 (Cm,Bk,Cf,Es, Fm,Md,No) and N=155 to 149 have been evaluated and presented together with adopted energies and J pi of levels in these nuclei. No excited state data are yet available for Cm-251. This evaluation supersedes previous full evaluation of A=251 by A. Artna-Cohen (1999Ar21)with literature cutoff date of Jul 1999. Inconsistencies and discrepancies are noted. The adopted values of level energies, level spins and parities are given, and gamma-ray energies, gamma-ray intensities, as well as other nuclear properties are presented. The references, J pi arguments, and necessary comments are given. Theoretical studies are given as comments. New measurements have been reported in No-251, Md-251, Cf-251 and Es-251. All adopted Q values are from 2003Au03. 2004Pa31 give calculated neutron separation energy by a macroscopic-microscopic approach. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Indian Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Roorkee 247667, Uttar Pradesh, India. GND Univ, Dept Phys, Amritsar, Punjab, India. Kuwait Univ, Dept Phys, Kuwait, Kuwait. RP Tuli, JK (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 79 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD MAY PY 2006 VL 107 IS 5 BP 1347 EP 1392 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2006.05.001 PG 46 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 051HZ UT WOS:000238153500002 ER PT J AU Yang, J Dizon, MB Cheung, FB Rempe, JL Suh, KY Kim, SB AF Yang, J Dizon, MB Cheung, FB Rempe, JL Suh, KY Kim, SB TI CHF enhancement by vessel coating for external reactor vessel cooling SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article ID COOLABILITY; PRESSURE; SCALE AB In-vessel retention (IVR) is a key severe accident management (SAM) strategy that has been adopted by some operating nuclear power plants and proposed for some advanced light water reactors (ALWRs). One viable means for IVR is the method of external reactor vessel cooling (ERVC) by flooding the reactor cavity during a severe accident. As part of a joint Korean-United States International Nuclear Energy Research Initiative (K-INERI). an experimental study has been conducted to investigate the viability of using an appropriate vessel coating to enhance the critical heat flux (CHF) limits during ERVC. Toward this end, transient quenching and steady-state boiling experiments were performed in the subscale boundary layer boiling (SBLB) facility at the Pennsylvania State University using test vessels with micro-porous aluminum coatings. Local boiling curves and CHF limits were obtained in these experiments. When compared to the corresponding data without coatings, substantial enhancement in the local CHF limits for the case with surface coatings was observed. Results of the steady-state boiling experiments showed that micro-porous aluminum coatings were very durable. Even after many cycles of steady-state boiling, the vessel coatings remained rather intact, with no apparent changes in color or structure. Moreover, the heat transfer performance of the coatings was found to be highly desirable with an appreciable CHF enhancement in all locations on the vessel outer surface but with very little effect of aging. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Seoul, South Korea. Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Taejon, South Korea. RP Yang, J (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM fxc4@psu.edu OI Rempe, Joy/0000-0001-5527-3549 NR 20 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 236 IS 10 BP 1089 EP 1098 DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2005.11.008 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 047HW UT WOS:000237871400007 ER PT J AU Nagasaka, T Muroga, T Fukumoto, K Watanabe, H Grossbeck, ML Chen, JM AF Nagasaka, T Muroga, T Fukumoto, K Watanabe, H Grossbeck, ML Chen, JM TI Development of fabrication technology for low activation vanadium alloys as fusion blanket structural materials SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION BEHAVIOR; V-4CR-4TI ALLOYS AB Vanadium alloys, candidate fusion reactor blanket materials, consist of intrinsic low activation elements for 14 MeV fusion neutrons (e.g. vanadium, chromium and titanium). From 500 to 1000 K, the tensile strength of vanadium alloys is independent of temperature, enabling the fusion blanket to be operated at least 100 K higher than a blanket made from ferritic steel. However, most of the data have come from laboratory- scale fabricated vanadium alloy, so a feasibility study on large scale production of vanadium alloy products is required. In the present study, high-purity vanadium alloy products (e.g. plates, wires and tubes) were fabricated from reference high-purity V-4Cr-4Ti ingots designated as NIFS-HEAT, with the use of technologies applicable to industrial scale fabrication. A critical issue for NIFS-HEAT large-scale melting was to reduce the levels of interstitial impurities (e.g. C, N and O) that are known to deteriorate mechanical properties before and after neutron irradiation. Impurity behaviour during working and annealing processes and its effect on mechanical properties were investigated. Mechanical properties of the products were significantly improved by the control of Ti-C, N and O precipitation induced during the processes. Good mechanical properties comparable to laboratory- scale alloys were obtained at above 96% in cold working degree. C1 Natl Inst Fus Sci, Gifu 5095292, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Kasuga, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. SW Inst Phys, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. RP Nagasaka, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Fus Sci, Gifu 5095292, Japan. EM nagasaka@nifs.ac.jp RI Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016 NR 21 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD MAY PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 618 EP 625 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/46/5/012 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 051JW UT WOS:000238158400012 ER PT J AU Sabbagh, SA Sontag, AC Bialek, JM Gates, DA Glasser, AH Menard, JE Zhu, W Bell, MG Bell, RE Bondeson, A Bush, CE Callen, JD Chu, MS Hegna, CC Kaye, SM Lao, LL Leblanc, BP Liu, YQ Maingi, R Mueller, D Shaing, KC Stutman, D Tritzs, K Zhang, C AF Sabbagh, S. A. Sontag, A. C. Bialek, J. M. Gates, D. A. Glasser, A. H. Menard, J. E. Zhu, W. Bell, M. G. Bell, R. E. Bondeson, A. Bush, C. E. Callen, J. D. Chu, M. S. Hegna, C. C. Kaye, S. M. Lao, L. L. Leblanc, B. P. Liu, Y. Q. Maingi, R. Mueller, D. Shaing, K. C. Stutman, D. Tritzs, K. Zhang, C. TI Resistive wall stabilized operation in rotating high beta NSTX plasmas SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID SPHERICAL-TORUS-EXPERIMENT; INTERNAL KINK MODE; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC MODES; TOKAMAK PLASMAS; INSTABILITIES; RECONSTRUCTION; PROFILE; PHYSICS; DEVICE AB The National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) has demonstrated the advantages of low aspect ratio geometry in accessing high toroidal and normalized plasma beta, beta(t) 2 mu(0)(p)/ B-0(2) and beta(N) 10(8)(beta(t)) a B-0/I-p. Experiments have reached beta(t) = 39% and beta(N) = 7.2 through boundary and profile optimization. High beta(N) plasmas can exceed the ideal no-wall stability limit, beta(Nno-wall), for periods much greater than the wall eddy current decay time. Resistive wall mode (RWM) physics is studied to understand mode stabilization in these plasmas. The toroidal mode spectrum of unstable RWMs has been measured with mode number n up to 3. The critical rotation frequency of Bondeson-Chu, Omega(crit) = omega(A)/ (4q(2)), describes well the RWM stability of NSTX plasmas when applied over the entire rotation profile and in conjunction with the ideal stability criterion. Rotation damping and global rotation collapse observed in plasmas exceeding beta(Nno-wall) differs from the damping observed during tearing mode activity and can be described qualitatively by drag due to neoclassical toroidal viscosity in the helically perturbed field of an ideal displacement. Resonant field amplification of an applied n = I field perturbation has been measured and increases with increasing beta(N). Equilibria are reconstructed including measured ion and electron pressure, toroidal rotation and flux isotherm constraint in plasmas with core rotation omega(phi)/omega(A) up to 0.48. Peak pressure shifts of 18% of the minor radius from the magnetic axis have been reconstructed. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Chalmers, Dept Appl Mech, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei, Peoples R China. RP Sabbagh, SA (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM sabbagh@pppl.gov RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015; OI Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 NR 32 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 11 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD MAY PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 635 EP 644 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/46/5/014 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 051JW UT WOS:000238158400014 ER PT J AU Natkaniec, Z Aihara, H Asano, Y Aso, T Bakich, A Browder, T Chang, MC Chao, Y Chen, KF Chidzik, S Chouvikov, A Dalseno, J Dowd, R Fernholz, R Fratina, S Friedl, M Fujii, H Fujiyama, Y Haba, J Hara, K Hara, T Harrop, B Haruyama, T Hayashi, K Hazumi, M Heffernan, D Higuchi, T Igarashi, A Igarashi, Y Ikeda, H Ishino, H Iwaida, S Kameshima, T Kapusta, P Kasami, K Kawasaki, T Kibayashi, A Koike, S Korpar, S Krizan, P Kurashiro, H Kusaka, A Lesiak, T Marlow, D Matsumoto, H Mikami, Y Miyake, H Moloney, GR Nozaki, S Ohkubo, R Okuno, S Ono, S Onuki, Y Ostrowicz, W Ozaki, H Peak, L Pernicka, M Rosen, M Rozanska, M Sato, N Schmid, S Schumann, J Shibata, T Stamen, R Stanic, S Steininger, H Sumisawa, K Suzuki, J Tajima, H Tajima, H Takahashi, K Takasaki, F Tamura, N Tanaka, M Taylor, GN Trabelsi, K Trischuk, W Tsuboyama, T Uchida, K Ueno, K Ueno, K Ushiroda, Y Vahsen, S Varner, G Varvell, K Velikzhanin, YS Wang, CC Wang, MZ Watanabe, M Watanabe, Y Yamamoto, H Yamashita, Y Yamauchi, M Yang, R Yasu, Y Ziegler, T Zontar, D AF Natkaniec, Z Aihara, H Asano, Y Aso, T Bakich, A Browder, T Chang, MC Chao, Y Chen, KF Chidzik, S Chouvikov, A Dalseno, J Dowd, R Fernholz, R Fratina, S Friedl, M Fujii, H Fujiyama, Y Haba, J Hara, K Hara, T Harrop, B Haruyama, T Hayashi, K Hazumi, M Heffernan, D Higuchi, T Igarashi, A Igarashi, Y Ikeda, H Ishino, H Iwaida, S Kameshima, T Kapusta, P Kasami, K Kawasaki, T Kibayashi, A Koike, S Korpar, S Krizan, P Kurashiro, H Kusaka, A Lesiak, T Marlow, D Matsumoto, H Mikami, Y Miyake, H Moloney, GR Nozaki, S Ohkubo, R Okuno, S Ono, S Onuki, Y Ostrowicz, W Ozaki, H Peak, L Pernicka, M Rosen, M Rozanska, M Sato, N Schmid, S Schumann, J Shibata, T Stamen, R Stanic, S Steininger, H Sumisawa, K Suzuki, J Tajima, H Tajima, H Takahashi, K Takasaki, F Tamura, N Tanaka, M Taylor, GN Trabelsi, K Trischuk, W Tsuboyama, T Uchida, K Ueno, K Ueno, K Ushiroda, Y Vahsen, S Varner, G Varvell, K Velikzhanin, YS Wang, CC Wang, MZ Watanabe, M Watanabe, Y Yamamoto, H Yamashita, Y Yamauchi, M Yang, R Yasu, Y Ziegler, T Zontar, D TI Status of the Belle silicon vertex detector SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors CY SEP 13-18, 2004 CL Menaggio, ITALY DE Belle; Kekb; silicon detector; silicon strip detector; SVD AB The old silicon vertex detector (SVD1) of the Belle detector, operating at the high-luminosity asymmetric energy e+e- collider KEKB, was replaced by an upgraded version (SVD2) in 2003. The new detector has modified geometry and redesigned readout electronics, providing a larger polar angle acceptance, better vertex resolution, improved radiation hardness and reduced dead time. The operation of the detector started successfully in October 2003. The basic concepts of the SVD2 design as well as its performance after 10 months of data taking are described in this paper. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Polish Acad Sci, H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Appl Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. Toyama Natl Coll Maritime Technol, Toyama, Japan. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, HEP Lab, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. Jozef Stefan Inst, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. HEPY Vienna, A-1050 Vienna, Austria. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305080, Japan. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Grp HP, Tokyo, Japan. Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Niigata Univ, Niigata Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Niigata 9502181, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, HEP Grp, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Kanagawa Univ, Fac Engn, Kanagawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2218686, Japan. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Nihon Dent Coll, Niigata 9518151, Japan. RP Natkaniec, Z (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, Ul Rzadzikowskiego,152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. EM zbigniewnatkaniec@ifj.edu.pl RI Aihara, Hiroaki/F-3854-2010; Marlow, Daniel/C-9132-2014; Ishino, Hirokazu/C-1994-2015; Kibayashi, Atsuko/K-7327-2015; OI Aihara, Hiroaki/0000-0002-1907-5964; Ishino, Hirokazu/0000-0002-8623-4080; Trabelsi, Karim/0000-0001-6567-3036; Moloney, Glenn/0000-0002-3539-3233; Krizan, Peter/0000-0002-4967-7675 NR 5 TC 117 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 560 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.11.228 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 035BO UT WOS:000236975000002 ER PT J AU Re, V Bruinsma, M Curry, S Kirkby, D Berryhlll, J Burke, S Callahan, D Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Hale, D Hart, P Kyre, S Levy, S Long, O Mazur, M Richman, J Stoner, J Verkerke, W Beck, T Eisner, AM Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Nesom, G Selden, A Spradlin, P Walkowiak, W Wilson, M Bozzi, C Cibinetto, G Piemontese, L Snoek, HL Brown, D Charles, E Dardin, S Goozen, F Kerth, LT Gritsan, A Lynch, G Roe, NA Chen, C Hulsbergen, W Lae, CK Lillard, V Roberts, D Lazzaro, A Palombo, F Ratti, L Manfredi, PF Mandelli, E Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bosi, F Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Ceccanti, M Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Mammini, P Marchiori, G Morganti, M Morsani, F Neri, N Paoloni, E Profeti, A Rama, M Rizzo, G Simi, G Walsh, J Elmer, P Perazzo, A Burchat, P Edwards, AJ Majewski, S Petersen, BA Roat, C Bona, M Bianchi, F Gamba, D Trapani, P Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Vitale, L Datta, M Mihalyi, A AF Re, V Bruinsma, M Curry, S Kirkby, D Berryhlll, J Burke, S Callahan, D Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Hale, D Hart, P Kyre, S Levy, S Long, O Mazur, M Richman, J Stoner, J Verkerke, W Beck, T Eisner, AM Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Nesom, G Selden, A Spradlin, P Walkowiak, W Wilson, M Bozzi, C Cibinetto, G Piemontese, L Snoek, HL Brown, D Charles, E Dardin, S Goozen, F Kerth, LT Gritsan, A Lynch, G Roe, NA Chen, C Hulsbergen, W Lae, CK Lillard, V Roberts, D Lazzaro, A Palombo, F Ratti, L Manfredi, PF Mandelli, E Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bosi, F Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Ceccanti, M Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Mammini, P Marchiori, G Morganti, M Morsani, F Neri, N Paoloni, E Profeti, A Rama, M Rizzo, G Simi, G Walsh, J Elmer, P Perazzo, A Burchat, P Edwards, AJ Majewski, S Petersen, BA Roat, C Bona, M Bianchi, F Gamba, D Trapani, P Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Vitale, L Datta, M Mihalyi, A TI Status and prospects of the BaBar SVT SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors CY SEP 13-18, 2004 CL Menaggio, ITALY DE silicon detector; radiation damage ID SILICON-VERTEX TRACKER; RADIATION-DAMAGE; PERFORMANCE; DETECTOR AB The BABAR Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) has been efficiently operated for five years since the start of data taking in 1999. It has met design requirements and no degradation in its performance has been observed thus far. However, because of higher than expected background levels, and anticipated further increases in luminosity and dose rates, we have done a thorough study to assess the viability of operating the SVT until the end of the decade. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Ferrara, Italy. Univ Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, I-20122 Milan, Italy. Univ Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, I-10124 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trieste, Italy. Univ Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Bruinsma, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, 4129 Frederick Reines Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM bruinsma@slac.stanford.edu RI Ratti, Lodovico/I-8836-2012; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Rizzo, Giuliana/A-8516-2015; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012 OI RATTI, LODOVICO/0000-0003-1906-1076; Paoloni, Eugenio/0000-0001-5969-8712; Lanceri, Livio/0000-0001-8220-3095; Carpinelli, Massimo/0000-0002-8205-930X; Re, Valerio/0000-0003-0697-3420; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Bettarini, Stefano/0000-0001-7742-2998; Cibinetto, Gianluigi/0000-0002-3491-6231; Rizzo, Giuliana/0000-0003-1788-2866; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 560 IS 1 BP 5 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.11.188 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 035BO UT WOS:000236975000003 ER PT J AU Weber, M AF Weber, M CA DO Collaboration TI The DO silicon micro-strip tracker SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors CY SEP 13-18, 2004 CL Menaggio, ITALY DE silicon detector; micro-strip tracker; DO AB The D circle divide silicon micro-strip tracker (SMT) is part of the D circle divide upgrade for the Tevatron Run II at Fermilab. The detector has been running successfully since the start of the Run II physics data taking. The tracking and vertexing performance match the expectation from Monte-Carlo studies. An additional inner layer (Layer0) of silicon sensors at R = 1.6 cm will be installed in 2005. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Weber, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM webermi@fnal.gov OI Weber, Michele/0000-0002-2770-9031 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 560 IS 1 BP 14 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.11.229 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 035BO UT WOS:000236975000005 ER PT J AU Nielsen, J AF Nielsen, J TI Status and performance of the CDF Run 2 silicon detectors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors CY SEP 13-18, 2004 CL Menaggio, ITALY DE silicon microstrip detectors; operation; CDF AB In 2001, an upgraded silicon detector system was installed in the CDF II experiment on the Tevatron at Fermilab. The complete system consists of three silicon micro-strip detectors:SVX II with five layers for precision tracking, Layer 00 with one beampipe-mounted layer for vertexing, and two Intermediate Silicon Layers located between SVX II and the main CDF II tracking chamber. Currently all detectors in the system are operating at or near design levels. The performance of the combined silicon system is excellent in the context of CDF tracking algorithms, and the first useful physics results from the innermost Layer 00 detector have been recently documented. operational and monitoring efforts have also been strengthened to maintain silicon efficiency through the end of Run 2 at the Tevatron. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nielsen, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JANielsen@lbl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 560 IS 1 BP 18 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.11.230 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 035BO UT WOS:000236975000006 ER PT J AU Fast, J AF Fast, J CA BTeV Pixel Detector Collaboration TI The BTeV pixel detector SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors CY SEP 13-18, 2004 CL Menaggio, ITALY DE BTeV; pixels; silicon detector AB We present the Current status of the BTeV pixel detector. The BTeV pixel detector will consist of 23 million pixel elements housed within the vacuum system of the Fermilab Tevatron within 6 mm of the beams, retracting to > 20 mm during beam injection. The pixel detector will operate in a 1.6 T dipole field, providing vertex, tracking and modest stand-alone momentum measurements to the level I trigger system. We focus on the unique mechanical, thermal and vacuum issues related to this detector system. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fast, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MS P8-20,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM James.Fast@pnl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 560 IS 1 BP 49 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.11.234 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 035BO UT WOS:000236975000013 ER PT J AU Solano, BP Abreu, MC Avati, V Boccali, T Boccone, V Bozzo, M Capra, R Casagrande, L Chen, W Eggert, K Heijne, E Klauke, S Li, Z Maki, T Mirabito, L Morelli, A Niinikoski, TO Oljemark, F Palmieri, VG Mendes, PR Rodrigues, S Siegrist, P Silvestris, L Sousa, P Tapprogge, S Trocme, B AF Solano, BP Abreu, MC Avati, V Boccali, T Boccone, V Bozzo, M Capra, R Casagrande, L Chen, W Eggert, K Heijne, E Klauke, S Li, Z Maki, T Mirabito, L Morelli, A Niinikoski, TO Oljemark, F Palmieri, VG Mendes, PR Rodrigues, S Siegrist, P Silvestris, L Sousa, P Tapprogge, S Trocme, B TI Edgeless silicon pad detectors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors CY SEP 13-18, 2004 CL Menaggio, ITALY DE silicon diode detector; edgeless detector; cryogenic; edge sensitivity; high-energy test beam AB We report measurements in a high-energy pion beam of the sensitivity of the edge region in "edgeless" planar silicon pad diode detectors diced through their contact implants. A large surface current on such an edge prevents the normal reverse biasing of the device, but the current can be sufficiently reduced by the use of a suitable Cutting method, followed by edge treatment, and by operating the detector at low temperature. The depth of the dead layer at the diced edge is measured to be (12.5 +/- 8(stat.)+/- 6(syst.)) mu m. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Algarve, P-8000 Faro, Portugal. LIP, P-8000 Faro, Portugal. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, Genoa, Italy. Univ Genoa, Genoa, Italy. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, I-00173 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 2, Rome, Italy. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki, Finland. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst Phys Nucl, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. RP Solano, BP (reprint author), CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. EM blanca.perea.solano@cern.ch RI Rato Mendes, Pedro/F-8827-2010; OI Rato Mendes, Pedro/0000-0001-9929-0869; Boccali, Tommaso/0000-0002-9930-9299; Abreu, Maria Conceicao/0000-0003-0093-7496 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 560 IS 1 BP 135 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.11.244 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 035BO UT WOS:000236975000032 ER PT J AU Fons, P Tampo, H Niki, S Kolobov, AV Ohkubo, M Tominaga, J Friedrich, S Carboni, R Boscherini, F AF Fons, P Tampo, H Niki, S Kolobov, AV Ohkubo, M Tominaga, J Friedrich, S Carboni, R Boscherini, F TI Soft X-ray XANES of N in ZnO : N - Why is doping so difficult? SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synchrotron Radiation and Materials Science held at the 2005 Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2005 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE doping; XANES; nitrogen; ZnO ID DOPED ZNO; SPECTROSCOPY AB Soft X-ray absorption near-edge experiments (XANES) were carried out at the N K-edge for both as-grown and rapid thermal annealed epitaxial N-doped ZnO samples grown oil both {11 (2) over bar0} sapphire substrates and the (000 1) face of ZnO single crystal substrates. Samples were grown by plasma-assisted M BE at a growth temperature of 450 degrees C using a solid Zn source and high-purity O-2 and N-2 RF radical sources. Calibrated secondary ion microscopy measurements demonstrated an as-grown N chemical concentration of approximately 10(20) cm(-3). The location in the ZnO lattice of N was determined in concert with first-principles real-space multiple scattering simulations. For as-grown samples, it was determined that N incorporates substitutionally on oxygen sites. It was found that a short 3 min rapid thermal anneal to 800 degrees C resulted in the unambiguous formation of molecular nitrogen underscoring the metastable nature of substitutional nitrogen. High resolution XANES scans clearly matched those of a N, gas standard. These results strongly suggest that while nitrogen can be incorporated in ZnO using metastable growth processes, the small activation barrier to the formation of molecular nitrogen will make it very difficult for nitrogen to be a dopant in actual device fabrication. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058562, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Bologna, Dept Phys, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bologna, CNISM, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. RP Fons, P (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, AIST, Tsukuba Cent 4,Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058562, Japan. EM paul-fons@aist.go.jp RI Fons, Paul/E-2471-2011; Boscherini, Federico/I-6575-2016 OI Boscherini, Federico/0000-0002-9703-3903 NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD MAY PY 2006 VL 246 IS 1 BP 75 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.12.039 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 034SK UT WOS:000236950700014 ER PT J AU Piamonteze, C Tolentino, HCN Ramos, AY AF Piamonteze, C Tolentino, HCN Ramos, AY TI The phase-derivative method in EXAFS applied to the study of rare earth nickel perovskites SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synchrotron Radiation and Materials Science held at the 2005 Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2005 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; RNIO3 PEROVSKITES; CHARGE DISPROPORTIONATION; STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; FINE-STRUCTURE; EVOLUTION; NDNIO3; YNIO3; HO AB Rare earth nickel perovskites (RNiO3) undergo a fiist-order metal to insulator transition as temperature decreases. They present also an unusual antiferromagnetic order in the insulating low temperature state. These transport and magnetic properties are strongly linked to the structure. Modifications in the macroscopic properties results from very subtle changes in the atomic arrangement and electronic states. We have used EXAFS spectroscopy to study the complex interplay among short-range structure and the transport and magnetic properties. The Ni K-edge EXAFS spectra of rare earth nickel perovskites (RNiO3) were measured at several temperatures. A splitting into two bond lengths in the Ni coordination shell, corresponding to two different Ni sites, has been observed in the insulating and metallic states of PrNiO3, NdNiO3 and EuNiO3. The existence of two Ni sites in these light rare earth compounds provides a common ground to understand the behavior of the whole family of nickelates. The splitting has been analyzed by the phase-derivative method, since standard fitting procedures were not able to produce reliable results. The phase derivative is a fit-independent method that can be applied to obtain quantitative structural parameters in EXAFS spectroscopy. It has proven to be a reliable and useful tool to be applied ill cases where standard fitting procedures lead to unstable and unreliable parameters. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 LNLS, Campinas, SP, Brazil. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, PBD, Berkeley, CA USA. CNRS, UPR 5031, Lab Cristallog, F-38042 Grenoble, France. CNRS, Lab Louis Neel, UPR 5051, F-38042 Grenoble, France. RP LNLS, Campinas, SP, Brazil. EM helio@lnls.br RI TOLENTINO, HELIO/J-1894-2014; Ramos, Aline /H-6132-2011; Piamonteze, Cinthia/E-9740-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 OI TOLENTINO, HELIO/0000-0003-4032-5988; NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X EI 1872-9584 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD MAY PY 2006 VL 246 IS 1 BP 151 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.12.034 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 034SK UT WOS:000236950700029 ER PT J AU Mariot, JM Sacchi, M Journel, L Gallet, JJ McElfresh, M Hague, CF AF Mariot, JM Sacchi, M Journel, L Gallet, JJ McElfresh, M Hague, CF TI Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering applied to the electronic structure of strongly correlated systems: The YBCO case SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synchrotron Radiation and Materials Science held at the 2005 Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2005 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc ID EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA; LA2CUO4; OXYGEN; CUO AB Resonant inelastic soft X-ray scattering is a developing technique well suited to the study of correlation effects in complex materials. We briefly describe its potential for materials science and illustrate its sensitivity with a study of elementary excitations at Cu sites in YBa2Cu3O7-delta as a function of oxygen content. High resolution measurements at the Cu 2p edge reveal structure that, with the help of theoretical models, can be interpreted as due to d-d excitations of the type 3d (x(2) - y(2)) to 3d (3z(2) - r(2)), Zhang-Rice singlets, and changes in the Cu spin configuration. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Paris 06, UMR 7614, Lab Chim Phys Mat & Rayonnement, F-75231 Paris 05, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mariot, JM (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, UMR 7614, Lab Chim Phys Mat & Rayonnement, 11 Rue P&M Curie, F-75231 Paris 05, France. EM imma@ccr.jussieu.fr NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD MAY PY 2006 VL 246 IS 1 BP 176 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.12.027 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 034SK UT WOS:000236950700033 ER PT J AU Richter, MC Mariot, JM Heckmann, O Kjeldgaard, L Mun, BS Fadley, CS Hricovini, K AF Richter, MC Mariot, JM Heckmann, O Kjeldgaard, L Mun, BS Fadley, CS Hricovini, K TI Resonant photoemission at the 2p edge in compounds containing Mn with different valences SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synchrotron Radiation and Materials Science held at the 2005 Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2005 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE resonant photoemission; Raman-Auger crossing; Mn 2p core hole-; bulk Mn; MnO; LSMO ID RAMAN AB We have investigated the Raman-Auger crossover of the Mn 2p non-radiative decays in bulk MnO. For the highest kinetic energy transition in the Mn 2p3p3p decay, Raman behaviour is observed up to approximate to 3.4 eV above the resonance energy (maximum of the L-3 absorption). In the case of the 2p3p3d and 2p3d3d transitions a similar situation occurs up to approximate to 5 eV above the resonance energy. We compare these results to those obtained on a thin MnO layer deposited on Cu, on bulk Mn and on La0.7Sr0.3MnO3. The results are discussed in terms of the screening dynamics of the Mn 2p core hole and of the metallic/insulating character of the material. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cergy Pontoise, Lab Phys Mat & Surface, F-95031 Cergy Pontoise, France. Univ Paris 06, UMR 7614, Lab Chim Phys Mat & Rayonnement, F-75231 Paris 05, France. Lund Univ, Max Lab, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Richter, MC (reprint author), Univ Cergy Pontoise, Lab Phys Mat & Surface, F-95031 Cergy Pontoise, France. EM christine.richter@lpms.u-cergy.fr RI MSD, Nanomag/F-6438-2012; Mun, Bongjin /G-1701-2013 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X EI 1872-9584 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD MAY PY 2006 VL 246 IS 1 BP 184 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.12.028 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 034SK UT WOS:000236950700035 ER PT J AU Jaffe, DE Lo, KH Comfort, JR Sivertz, M AF Jaffe, D. E. Lo, K. H. Comfort, J. R. Sivertz, M. TI Comparison of inclusive particle production in 14.6 GeV/c proton-nucleus collisions with simulation SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE simulation; Monte Carlo; inclusive production; proton-nucleus collisions AB Inclusive charged pion, kaon, proton and deuteron production in 14.6 GeV/c proton-nucleus collisions measured by BNL experiment E802 is compared with results from the GEANT3, GEANT4 and FLUKA simulation packages. The FLUKA package is found to have the best overall agreement. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Jaffe, DE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM djaffe@bnl.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X EI 1872-9584 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD MAY PY 2006 VL 246 IS 2 BP 309 EP 321 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.01.014 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 044MZ UT WOS:000237677900005 ER PT J AU Zumbro, JD AF Zumbro, John D. TI Comment on "A simple empirical forward model for combined nuclear and multiple Coulomb scattering in proton radiography of thick objects" SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Letter DE proton radiography; 24-GeV protons; proton-nucleus scattering; Monte Carlo modeling ID MCNP5 C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Diagnost Applicat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zumbro, JD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Diagnost Applicat Grp, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM zumbro@lanl.gov NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD MAY PY 2006 VL 246 IS 2 BP 479 EP 482 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.12.040 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 044MZ UT WOS:000237677900028 ER PT J AU Neri, F Walstrom, PL AF Neri, F Walstrom, PL TI Response to J. Zumbro's comment on our NIMB paper SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Letter C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Walstrom, PL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 1, MS-H817, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM walstrom@lanl.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD MAY PY 2006 VL 246 IS 2 BP 483 EP 484 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.12.065 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 044MZ UT WOS:000237677900029 ER PT J AU Kharzeev, D Tuchin, K AF Kharzeev, D Tuchin, K TI Signatures of the color glass condensate in J/psi production off nuclear targets SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; WEIZSACKER-WILLIAMS FIELD; HIGH-DENSITY QCD; CROSS-SECTION; HADRONIC COLLISIONS; SEMIHARD PROCESSES; PARTON SATURATION; DIS PRODUCTION; VECTOR-MESONS AB We consider the J/psi production in proton (deuteron)-nucleus collisions at high energies. We argue that the production mechanism in this case is different from that in pp collisions due to gluon saturation in the nucleus and formation of the color glass condensate. At forward rapidities (in the proton fragmentation region), the production of J/psi is increasingly suppressed both as a function of rapidity and centrality. On the other hand, at backward rapidities at RHIC (in the fragmentation region of the nucleus) the coherent effects lead to a modest enhancement of the production cross section, with the nuclear modification factor R-J/psi increasing with centrality. We find that the J/psi production cross section exhibits at forward rapidities the limiting fragmentation scaling established previously for soft processes; in the energy range studied experimentally, it manifests itself as an approximate "chi(F) scaling". (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tuchin@iastate.edu NR 72 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 770 IS 1-2 BP 40 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.01.017 PG 17 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 035DY UT WOS:000236981600003 ER PT J AU Fukushima, K AF Fukushima, K TI Gauge-invariant source terms in QCD SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID COLOR GLASS CONDENSATE; GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; HIGH-ENERGY; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; PARTITION-FUNCTION; POLYAKOV LOOP; LARGE NUCLEI; EVOLUTION; REPRESENTATION; EQUATION AB We discuss how to implement the source terms in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) respecting gauge invariance and noncommutativity of color charge density operators. We start with decomposing the generating functional of QCD into constituents projected to have specified color charge density. We demonstrate that such a projection leads to the gauge-invariant source terms consisting of a naive form accompanied by the density of states which cancels the gauge dependence. We then illustrate that this form is equivalently rewritten into a manifestly gauge-invariant expression in terms of the Wilson line. We confirm that noncommutativity of color charge density operators is fulfilled in both representations of the source terms. We point out that our results are useful particularly to consider the problems of the quantum evolution in high energy QCD. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fukushima, K (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Fukushima, Kenji/0000-0003-0899-740X NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 770 IS 1-2 BP 71 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.02.006 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 035DY UT WOS:000236981600005 ER PT J AU Morfin, JG AF Morfin, JG TI Neutrino scattering physics and experiments at super beams and neutrino factories SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams CY JUN 21-26, 2005 CL Frascati, ITALY ID QUARK-HADRON DUALITY; PION ABSORPTION; NUCLEI AB A careful study of neutrino scattering physics is an essential part of the program to answer many open questions being addressed by several different physics communities. A deeper understanding of nuclear effects induced by neutrinos and considerably more accurate measurements of neutrino exclusive cross sections is crucial for minimizing systematics of neutrino oscillation experiments. In addition, the knowledge gained by neutrino scattering experiments is important to the Nuclear Physics and Astro-Particle physics communities as well. A review of where we expect to be in the study of neutrino scattering physics at the start of a Super Neutrino Beam Facility as well as the types of beams and detectors needed at such a facility are discussed. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Morfin, JG (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 155 BP 38 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.02.007 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 034HO UT WOS:000236920100008 ER PT J AU Apollinari, G AF Apollinari, G TI Proton drivers: Prospects in the US SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams CY JUN 21-26, 2005 CL Frascati, ITALY C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Apollinari, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 155 BP 61 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.02.012 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 034HO UT WOS:000236920100013 ER PT J AU Fernow, RC AF Fernow, RC TI Muon front-end for the neutrino factory SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams CY JUN 21-26, 2005 CL Frascati, ITALY AB The front end at a neutrino factory includes all the systems necessary for capturing the pion beam produced at the target and for preparing the transverse and longitudinal phase space of the resulting muon beam for subsequent acceleration to high energies. We compare front end configurations for a number of neutrino factory designs. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fernow, RC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 901A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 155 BP 74 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.02.014 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 034HO UT WOS:000236920100015 ER PT J AU Ohmori, C Kirk, H Haseroth, H AF Ohmori, C Kirk, H Haseroth, H TI Summary of Working Group 3: Machine design and R&D SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams CY JUN 21-26, 2005 CL Frascati, ITALY AB Vaxious topics on machine studies and component R&D for Neutrino Factory subsystems were discussed in Working Group 3 (WG3) at the NuFact05 Workshop. In this working group, 29 talks and 2 posters were presented. We also had special focus sessions for lively discussions on several important issues; targets, cooling, proton driver, FFAGs and acceleration, and a World Wide Design study. Joint Sessions were held with WG1 and WG4 on machine requirements. C1 KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Ohmori, C (reprint author), KEK, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 155 BP 115 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.02.022 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 034HO UT WOS:000236920100023 ER PT J AU Zisman, MS AF Zisman, MS TI Neutrino factory accelerator R&D: Status and priorities SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams CY JUN 21-26, 2005 CL Frascati, ITALY ID MUON COOLING RING AB This paper summarizes the status of worldwide Neutrino Factory R&D efforts. Activities are categorized as simulations, component development, and system tests. An indication of R&D tasks that remain to be accomplished is also given. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Accelerator & Fus Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zisman, MS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Accelerator & Fus Res Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 155 BP 143 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.02.025 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 034HO UT WOS:000236920100026 ER PT J AU Hsu, L AF Hsu, L TI Review of experimental data: KamLAND SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams CY JUN 21-26, 2005 CL Frascati, ITALY AB Recent results from KamLAND axe presented. The following contains material excerpted from [1]. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hsu, L (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 155 BP 158 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.02.028 PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 034HO UT WOS:000236920100029 ER PT J AU Viren, B AF Viren, B TI Very long baseline neutrino oscillations, the BNL VLBNO concept. SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams CY JUN 21-26, 2005 CL Frascati, ITALY AB A wide energy-band neutrino beam sent over a very long baseline to a massive detector can break the degeneracies in the neutrino oscillation parameters. It can measure the disappearance parameters with precision and determine the mass hierarchy. If theta(13) is large enough the CP violating phase can be measured with neutrino running alone and anti-neutrino running can confirm CPV and improve the parameter measurements. Brookhaven National Laboratory is pursuing such an experiment. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Viren, B (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, 510E Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 155 BP 182 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.02-040 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 034HO UT WOS:000236920100041 ER PT J AU Pordes, S AF Pordes, S TI Towards a large liquid argon TPC for the NuMI off-axis beam SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams CY JUN 21-26, 2005 CL Frascati, ITALY ID DETECTOR AB A nascent project to develop a design for a multi-kiloton Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber for a v(e) appearance experiment in the NuMI Off-axis beam is described. This is a summary of part of my talk given at NuFACT05. An updated and more complete description of the project is given in [1]. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Pordes, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 155 BP 225 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.02.055 PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 034HO UT WOS:000236920100058 ER PT J AU Anjos, JC Barbosa, AF Funchal, RZ Kemp, E Magnin, J Nunokawa, H Peres, OLG Reyna, D Shellard, RC AF Anjos, JC Barbosa, AF Funchal, RZ Kemp, E Magnin, J Nunokawa, H Peres, OLG Reyna, D Shellard, RC TI Angra Neutrino Project: status and plans SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams CY JUN 21-26, 2005 CL Frascati, ITALY AB We present the status and plans of the Angra Project, a new nuclear reactor neutrino oscillation experiment, proposed to be built in Brazil at the Angra dos Reis nuclear reactor complex. This experiment is aimed to measure theta(13), the last unknown of the three neutrino mixing angles. Combining a high luminosity design, very low background from cosmic rays and careful control of systematic errors at the 1% level, we propose a high sensitivity multi-detector experiment, able to reach a sensitivity to antineutrino disappearance down to sin(2) 2 theta(13) = 0.006 in a three years running period, improving present limits constrained by the CHOOZ experiment by more than an order of magnitude. C1 Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, BR-22290180 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro, Dept Fis, BR-22452970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Anjos, JC (reprint author), Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, BR-22290180 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RI Kemp, Ernesto/H-1502-2011; Shellard, Ronald/G-4825-2012; Anjos, Joao/C-8335-2013; Zukanovich Funchal, Renata/C-5829-2013; Peres, Orlando/C-3760-2012; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 OI Shellard, Ronald/0000-0002-2983-1815; Zukanovich Funchal, Renata/0000-0001-6749-0022; Peres, Orlando/0000-0003-2104-8460; NR 3 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 155 BP 231 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.02.058 PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 034HO UT WOS:000236920100061 ER PT J AU Paul, K Johnson, RP Roberts, TJ Neuffer, D Derbenev, Y AF Paul, K Johnson, RP Roberts, TJ Neuffer, D Derbenev, Y TI Using high-pressure gas in the front end of a muon source SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams CY JUN 21-26, 2005 CL Frascati, ITALY AB High-gradient, pressurized RF cavities are investigated as a means to improve the performance of low-frequency phase-rotation schemes for neutrino factories and muon colliders. We consider placing high-gradient, low-frequency, pressured RF cavities close to the pion production target to facilitate early phase rotation and capture of the pion-muon beam. We also consider the transverse cooling effects that the high-pressure gas has on the beam. C1 Muons Inc, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Paul, K (reprint author), Muons Inc, 552 N Batavia Ave, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 155 BP 273 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.02.070 PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 034HO UT WOS:000236920100074 ER PT J AU Kahn, SA Kirk, HG Mills, FE Cline, D Garren, AA AF Kahn, SA Kirk, HG Mills, FE Cline, D Garren, AA TI A compact 6D Muon cooling ring SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams CY JUN 21-26, 2005 CL Frascati, ITALY C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Kahn, SA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 155 BP 279 EP 281 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.02.073 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 034HO UT WOS:000236920100077 ER PT J AU Simos, N Kirk, H Ludewig, H Thieberger, P Weng, WT Trung, PT McDonald, K Sheppard, J Yoshimura, K Hayato, Y AF Simos, N Kirk, H Ludewig, H Thieberger, P Weng, WT Trung, PT McDonald, K Sheppard, J Yoshimura, K Hayato, Y TI Solid target studies for muon colliders and neutrino beams SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams CY JUN 21-26, 2005 CL Frascati, ITALY AB This paper presents preliminary results from an ongoing post-irradiation analysis of materials that have been irradiated at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) Isotope facility. The effort is part of an experimental study that focuses on how prone to irradiation damage these materials are and thus what is their potential in playing the role of high power targets in the neutrino superbeam and the muon collider initiatives. C1 UPTON, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator, Stanford, CA USA. KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Simos, N (reprint author), UPTON, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 155 BP 288 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.02.077 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 034HO UT WOS:000236920100081 ER PT J AU Popovic, M Johnson, RP AF Popovic, M Johnson, RP TI Muon acceleration in a superconducting proton linac SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams CY JUN 21-26, 2005 CL Frascati, ITALY AB This note describes how a future Fermilab proton driver [i] based on TESLA superconducting linac modules can perform as both the source of protons to produce the muons and as the accelerator of the muons to be used for a neutrino factory or muon collider. Recent advances in muon cooling [ii] have the promise of muon emittances that are compatible with the 1300 MHz accelerating structures that are the basis for the ILC design. In the design described here, H ions are accelerated to 8 GeV in the superconducting Linac, then stripped, stored and bunched in a ring while the Linae cavities are rephased for muon accleleration. Then the protons are extracted from the ring to produce pions and muons which are cooled in a few hundred meters, accelerated to a few GeV and injected into the Linac at the beta = 1 point for acceleration to add 7 GeV. By recirculating the muons in the constant frequency section of such a proton driver Linac, even higher energies can be achieved quickly so that losses from muon decay are minimized. By adding additional refrigeration and RF power, the repetition rate of the Linac can be increased to make large increases in the average flux of a neutrino factory and the average luminosity of a muon collider. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Muons Inc, Batavia, IL USA. RP Popovic, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 155 BP 305 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.02.083 PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 034HO UT WOS:000236920100087 ER PT J AU Ruggiero, AG AF Ruggiero, AG TI FFAG accelerator proton driver for neutrino factory SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams CY JUN 21-26, 2005 CL Frascati, ITALY C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ruggiero, AG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 155 BP 315 EP 317 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.02.109 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 034HO UT WOS:000236920100091 ER PT J AU Johnstone, C AF Johnstone, C CA EMMA collaboration TI Hardware for a proof-of-principle electron model of a muon FFAG SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams CY JUN 21-26, 2005 CL Frascati, ITALY AB Development of components and hardware has begun on an electron model of a nonscaling FFAG which will test basic tenets and Suitability for muon acceleration. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Johnstone, C (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 155 BP 325 EP 327 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.02.088 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 034HO UT WOS:000236920100095 ER PT J AU Zisman, MS AF Zisman, MS TI Review of US Neutrino Factory studies SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams CY JUN 21-26, 2005 CL Frascati, ITALY AB We summarize the status of the two U.S. feasibility studies carried out by the Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider Collaboration (NFMCC) along with recent improvements to Neutrino Factory design developed during the American Physical Society (APS) Neutrino Physics Study. Suggested accelerator topics for the International Scoping Study (ISS) are also indicated. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Accelerator & Fus Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zisman, MS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Accelerator & Fus Res Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 155 BP 336 EP 338 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.02.093 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 034HO UT WOS:000236920100100 ER PT J AU Kawano, T Hanson, KM Frankle, S Talou, R Chadwick, MB Little, RC AF Kawano, T Hanson, KM Frankle, S Talou, R Chadwick, MB Little, RC TI Evaluation and propagation of the Pu-239 fission cross-section uncertainties using a Monte Carlo technique SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB We present an approach to uncertainty quantification for nuclear applications that combines the covariance evaluation of differential cross-section data and the error propagation from matching a criticality experiment using a neutron-transport calculation. We have studied the reduction in uncertainty of Pu-239 fission cross sections by using a one-dimensional neutron-transport calculation with the PARTISN code. The evaluation of (239)pu differential cross-section data is combined with a criticality measurement (Jezebel) using a Bayesian method. To quantify the uncertainty in such calculations, we generate a set of random samples of the cross sections, which represents the covariance matrix, and estimate the distribution of calculated quantities, such as criticality. We show that inclusion of the Jezebel data reduces uncertainties in estimating neutron multiplicity. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kawano, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kawano@lanl.gov NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 153 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 034FR UT WOS:000236914900001 ER PT J AU Hanson, AL Ludewig, H Diamond, DJ AF Hanson, AL Ludewig, H Diamond, DJ TI Calculation of the prompt neutron lifetime in the NBSR SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The prompt neutron lifetime was calculated for the NBSR, a heavy water - cooled and - moderated research reactor at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The method is based on the fact that the decay of a pulse of fast neutrons is related to the prompt neutron lifetime (and the multiplication constant for the reactor and the delayed neutron fraction). A Monte Carlo simulation of the decay is then used to calculate the prompt neutron lifetime at two points in the fuel cycle. At the start-up of a new cycle, the prompt neutron lifetime was calculated to be 774 +/- 35 As, and at the end of a cycle, it was calculated to be 819 +/- 48 As. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hanson, AL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM alh@bnl.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 153 IS 1 BP 26 EP 32 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 034FR UT WOS:000236914900003 ER PT J AU Giacri-Mauborgne, ML Ridikas, D Chadwick, MB Young, PG Wilson, WB AF Giacri-Mauborgne, ML Ridikas, D Chadwick, MB Young, PG Wilson, WB TI Photonuclear physics in radiation transport-III: Actinicle cross sections and spectra SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID PHOTOFISSION NEUTRON MULTIPLICITIES; MONOENERGETIC PHOTONS; GIANT-RESONANCE; U-238; TH-232; NP-237; PU-239; NUCLEI AB This paper describes model calculations and nuclear data evaluations of photonuclear reactions on actinides such as U-235, U-238, Np-237, and Pu-239 for incident photon energies from the reaction threshold up to 20 MeV The calculations are done using the GNASH code, including the giant-dipole resonance for photoabsorption. The emission of secondary particles is computed using a preequilibrium theory, together with an open-ended sequence of the compound nucleus decay using the Hauser-Feschbach theory. The accuracy of the calculated and evaluated cross sections is assessed through extensive comparison with measured cross: sections. This work also summarizes evaluation methods used to create actinide photonuclear files for the forthcoming ENDF/B-VII database, which will facilitate radiation transport studies related to photonuclear reactions in a number of technologies including production of photoneutrons and photofission fragments in electron accelerators, shielding studies, and nondestructive detection of nuclear material in particular. C1 CEA Saclay, DSM, DAPNIA, SPhN, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Giacri-Mauborgne, ML (reprint author), CEA Saclay, DSM, DAPNIA, SPhN, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM ridikas@cea.fr NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 153 IS 1 BP 33 EP 40 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 034FR UT WOS:000236914900004 ER PT J AU Pozzi, SA Pazsit, I AF Pozzi, SA Pazsit, I TI The statistics of the number of neutron collisions prior to absorption SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SLOW AB We propose a simple analytical model to describe the statistics of the number of collisions undergone by fast neutrons during slowing down until they are absorbed We assume that the moderator is homogeneous and account for scattering and absorption, but we do not consider thermalization. Although the problem cannot be solved in a compact form, a simple recurrent formula provides the solution in a very transparent way. The model can be readily evaluated numerically, and the results are in excellent agreement with the corresponding Monte Carlo simulations. Both the mean number and the variance of the number of collisions are calculated The results are discussed and compared with the classical case of neutron slowing down to or past a given energy in a moderating medium without absorption. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Reactor Phys, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Pozzi, SA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6010, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pozzisa@ornl.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 153 IS 1 BP 60 EP 68 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 034FR UT WOS:000236914900007 ER PT J AU Oji, LN Martin, KB Stallings, ME Duff, MC AF Oji, LN Martin, KB Stallings, ME Duff, MC TI Conditions conducive to forming crystalline uranyl silicates in high caustic nuclear waste evaporators SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE uranium silicates; fissile material accumulation; nuclear waste evaporator ID SODIUM WEEKSITE; URANOPHANE AB The laboratory conditions used to synthesize the uranyl silicate minerals are almost identical to the evaporator conditions under which high caustic nuclear wastes are processed to reduce total liquid waste volume. The only significant difference is in the sodium ion concentration in such caustic nuclear wastes, which typically averages similar to 5.6 M Na+. The goal of this study was to experimentally determine whether uranium silicate minerals can be produced under nuclear waste evaporator conditions. If the formation of these uranium minerals is possible, it may not only lead to the clogging of the evaporators but also result in the accumulation of fissile U-235 and thus present a criticality problem. In this investigation, synthetic uranyl silicate minerals (sodium weeksite, sodium boltwoodite, and uranophane) were produced only under low Na+ concentration (<0.02 M), while attempts to synthesize these same uranyl silicate minerals in the presence of high Na+ concentration (high ionic strength reacting media), which is typical of caustic nuclear waste evaporator processing conditions, proved unfruitful. In the presence of high Na+ concentration, the main product for the same soluble silica-uranium reaction mixture shifts toward the formation of mainly clarkeite (Na[(UO2)O(OH)](H2O)(0-1)), a hydrated sodium uranate, and not toward the formation of uranyl silicates. Thus, the presence of high Na+ concentration in the reaction mixture of dissolved uranium and silica inhibits or suppresses the formation of crystalline uranyl silicates. The conclusion is therefore made that evaporator fouling by uranyl silicate minerals is not easily attained under nuclear waste processing conditions because of the high Na+ concentration in the liquid wastes. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Oji, LN (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM lawrence.oji@srnl.doe.gov NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 154 IS 2 BP 237 EP 246 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 037VE UT WOS:000237174800009 ER PT J AU Lipnikov, K Shashkov, M AF Lipnikov, K Shashkov, M TI The error-minimization-based rezone strategy for Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian methods SO NUMERICAL METHODS FOR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS LA English DT Article DE ALE methods; moving meshes; hyperbolic conservation laws ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; HYDRODYNAMICS; CONSERVATION; GRIDS AB The objective of the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) methodology for solving multidimensional fluid flow problems is to move the computational mesh, using the flow as a guide, to improve the robustness, accuracy and efficiency of a simulation. The main elements in the ALE simulation are an explicit Lagrangian phase, a rezone phase in which a new mesh is defined, and a remapping (conservative interpolation) phase, in which the Lagrangian solution is transferred to the new mesh. In most ALE codes, the main goal of the rezone phase is to maintain high quality of the rezoned mesh. In this article, we describe a new rezone strategy which minimizes the L, norm of the solution error and maintains smoothness of the mesh. The efficiency of the new method is demonstrated with numerical experiments. (C) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lipnikov, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T7, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lipnikov@lanl.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0749-159X J9 NUMER METH PART D E JI Numer. Meth. Part Differ. Equ. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 617 EP 637 DI 10.1002/num.20113 PG 21 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 031BY UT WOS:000236680300006 ER PT J AU Phuoc, TX AF Phuoc, TX TI Laser-induced spark ignition fundamental and applications SO OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Review DE laser ignition; gas breakdown; spark evolution; ignition mechanism; ignition energy ID INDUCED THERMAL IGNITION; CONICAL DETONATION-WAVE; METHANE-AIR MIXTURES; PHOTOCHEMICAL IGNITION; INDUCED BREAKDOWN; SUPERSONIC COMBUSTION; INITIATED COMBUSTION; OXIDIZER MIXTURES; DIFFUSION FLAME; PREMIXED GASES AB Laser ignition has become an active research topic in recent years because it has the potential to replace the conventional electric spark plugs in engines that are required to operate under much higher compression ratios, faster compression rates, and much leaner fuel-to-air ratios than gas engines today. It is anticipated that the igniter in these engines will face with pressures as high as 50MPa and temperatures as high as 4000K. Using the conventional ignition system, the required voltage and energy must be greatly increased (voltages in excess of 40 kV) to reliably ignite the air and fuel mixture under these conditions. Increasing the voltage and energy does not always improve ignitability but it does create greater reliability problem. The objective of this paper is to review past work to identify some fundamental issues underlying the physics of the laser spark ignition process and research needs in order to bring the laser ignition concept into the realm of reality. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Phuoc, TX (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940,MS 84-340, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM tran@netl.doe.gov NR 80 TC 106 Z9 115 U1 4 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-8166 J9 OPT LASER ENG JI Opt. Lasers Eng. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 44 IS 5 BP 351 EP 397 DI 10.1016/j.oplaseng.2005.03.008 PG 47 WC Optics SC Optics GA 022HH UT WOS:000236045700001 ER PT J AU Ponomarenko, SA Agrawal, GP AF Ponomarenko, SA Agrawal, GP TI Linear optical bullets SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID NONDIFFRACTING X-WAVES; APERTURE REALIZATIONS; PROPAGATION; EQUATIONS; BEAMS AB We describe a class of spatio-temporal optical pulses that spread neither spatially nor temporarily in linear dispersive media over long propagation distances. These new spatio-temporal pulses, referred to as linear optical bullets, can have any spatio-temporal profile and temporal width, and they carry a finite amount of energy. We also discuss in detail a technique for the experimental realization of linear optical bullets. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret T4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Agrawal, GP (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Inst Opt, Wilmot 206, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM gpa@optics.rochester.edu RI Agrawal, Govind/D-5380-2013 OI Agrawal, Govind/0000-0003-4486-8533 NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 261 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2005.11.043 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 033QN UT WOS:000236864000001 ER PT J AU Li, JH Webb, KJ Burke, GJ White, DA Thompson, CA AF Li, JH Webb, KJ Burke, GJ White, DA Thompson, CA TI Design of near-field irregular diffractive optical elements by use of a multiresolution direct binary search method SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A multiresolution direct binary search iterative procedure is used to design small dielectric irregular diffractive optical elements that have subwavelength features and achieve near-field focusing below the diffraction limit. Designs with a single focus or with two foci, depending on wavelength or polarization, illustrate the possible functionalities available from the large number of degrees of freedom. These examples suggest that the concept of such elements may find applications in near-field lithography, wavelength-division multiplexing, spectral analysis, and polarization beam splitters. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Li, JH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, 465 NW Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM webb@purdue.edu NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 9 BP 1181 EP 1183 DI 10.1364/OL.31.001181 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 036SL UT WOS:000237095600003 PM 16642052 ER PT J AU Vaschenko, G Brewer, C Brizuela, F Wang, Y Larotonda, MA Luther, BM Marconi, MC Rocca, JJ Menoni, CS AF Vaschenko, G Brewer, C Brizuela, F Wang, Y Larotonda, MA Luther, BM Marconi, MC Rocca, JJ Menoni, CS TI Sub-38 nm resolution tabletop microscopy with 13 nm wavelength laser light SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY MICROSCOPY AB We have acquired images with a spatial resolution better than 38 nm by using a tabletop microscope that combines 13 nm wavelength light from a high-brightness tabletop laser and Fresnel zone plate optics. These results open a gateway to the development of compact and widely available extreme-ultraviolet imaging tools capable of inspecting samples in a variety of environments with a 15-20 nm spatial resolution and a picosecond time resolution. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Natl Sci Fdn, Engn Res Ctr Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vaschenko, G (reprint author), Natl Sci Fdn, Engn Res Ctr Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM vaschen@engr.colostate.edu RI Menoni, Carmen/A-3775-2008; Menoni, Carmen/B-4989-2011 NR 18 TC 82 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 9 BP 1214 EP 1216 DI 10.1364/OL.31.001214 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 036SL UT WOS:000237095600014 PM 16642063 ER PT J AU Klein, MW Enkrich, C Wegener, M Soukoulis, CM Linden, S AF Klein, MW Enkrich, C Wegener, M Soukoulis, CM Linden, S TI Single-slit split-ring resonators at optical frequencies: limits of size scaling SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC RESPONSE; METAMATERIALS; INDEX AB We present magnetic metamaterials composed of 35 nm minimum feature-size gold split-ring resonators with a fundamental magnetic resonance at a wavelength of 900 nm. Corresponding calculations reveal excellent agreement with the experiments and show that the limits of size scaling have been reached. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Karlsruhe, TH, Inst Angew Phys, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Karlsruhe, TH, CFN, DFG, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Helmholtz Gemeinschaf, Inst Nanotechnol, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Univ Karlsruhe, TH, Inst Angew Phys, Wolfgang Gaede Str 1, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM matthias.klein@physik.uni-karlsruhe.de RI Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008; Wegener, Martin/S-5456-2016 NR 12 TC 149 Z9 154 U1 2 U2 30 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 9 BP 1259 EP 1261 DI 10.1364/OL.31.001259 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 036SL UT WOS:000237095600029 PM 16642078 ER PT J AU Liao, ZM Jovanovic, I Ebbers, CA Fei, YT Chai, B AF Liao, ZM Jovanovic, I Ebbers, CA Fei, YT Chai, B TI Energy and average power scalable optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification in yttrium calcium oxyborate SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MU-M; YCA4O(BO3)(3); GENERATION; CRYSTAL; AMPLIFIERS AB Optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification (OPCPA) in nonlinear crystals has the potential to produce extremes of peak and average power but is limited either in energy by crystal growth issues or in average power by crystal thermo-optic characteristics. Recently, large (7.5 cm diameter X 25 cm length) crystals of yttrium calcium oxyborate (YCOB) have been grown and utilized for high-average-power second-harmonic generation. Further, YCOB has the necessary thermo-optic properties required for scaling OPCPA systems to high peak and average power operation for wavelengths near 1 mu m. We report what is believed to be the first use of YCOB for OPCPA. Scalability to higher peak and average power is addressed. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Crystal Photon Inc, Sanford, FL 32773 USA. RP Liao, ZM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mail Code L-470,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Liao, Zhi/G-3729-2013 NR 18 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 9 BP 1277 EP 1279 DI 10.1364/OL.31.001277 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 036SL UT WOS:000237095600035 PM 16642084 ER PT J AU Denk, E Hillegonds, D Vogel, J Synal, HA Geppert, C Wendt, K Fattinger, K Hennessy, C Berglund, M Hurrell, RF Walczyk, T AF Denk, E. Hillegonds, D. Vogel, J. Synal, H. A. Geppert, C. Wendt, K. Fattinger, K. Hennessy, C. Berglund, M. Hurrell, R. F. Walczyk, T. TI Labeling of the human skeleton with 41calcium isotope for the assessment of changes in bone calcium metabolism SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th International Symposium on Osteoporosis CY APR 18-22, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP Natl Osteoporosis Fdn C1 ETH, Inst Food Sci & Nutr, Human Nutr Lab, Zurich, Switzerland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accele Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA USA. ETH, Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Particle Phys, Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Univ Zurich Hosp, Dept Med, Div Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. European Commiss Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, Geel, Belgium. RI Wendt, Klaus/D-7306-2011 OI Wendt, Klaus/0000-0002-9033-9336 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI ARTINGTON PA ASHBOURNE HOUSE, THE GUILDWAY, OLD PORTSMOUTH ROAD, ARTINGTON GU3 1LP, GUILDFORD, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 17 SU 2 BP S338 EP S338 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 160YM UT WOS:000245980600673 ER PT J AU Denk, E Hillegonds, D Hurrell, RF Vogel, J Fattinger, K Hauselmann, HJ Kranzlin, M Walczyk, T AF Denk, E. Hillegonds, D. Hurrell, R. F. Vogel, J. Fattinger, K. Hauselmann, H. J. Kranzlin, M. Walczyk, T. TI Evaluation of 41calcium as a new approach to assess changes in bone metabolism: Effect of a bisphosphonate intervention in osteopenic, postmenopausal women SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th International Symposium on Osteoporosis CY APR 18-22, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP Natl Osteoporosis Fdn C1 ETH, Human Nutr Lab, Zurich, Switzerland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Zurich Hosp, Dept Med, Div Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. Ctr Rheumatol & Bone Dis, Klin Pk, Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Basel Hosp, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol Diabetes & Clin Nutr, Basel, Switzerland. RI Wendt, Klaus/D-7306-2011 OI Wendt, Klaus/0000-0002-9033-9336 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI ARTINGTON PA ASHBOURNE HOUSE, THE GUILDWAY, OLD PORTSMOUTH ROAD, ARTINGTON GU3 1LP, GUILDFORD, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 17 SU 2 BP S338 EP S338 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 160YM UT WOS:000245980600672 ER PT J AU Tobin, KW Bhaduri, BL Bright, EA Cheriyadat, A Karnowski, TP Palathingal, PJ Potok, TE Price, JR AF Tobin, KW Bhaduri, BL Bright, EA Cheriyadat, A Karnowski, TP Palathingal, PJ Potok, TE Price, JR TI Automated feature generation in large-scale geospatial libraries for content-based indexing SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SENSING IMAGE ARCHIVES; RETRIEVAL; TEXTURE AB We describe a method for indexing and retrieving high-resolution image regions in large geospotial data libraries. An automated feature extraction method is used that generates 0 unique and specific structural description of each segment of a tessellated input image file. These tessellated regions are then merged into similar groups, or sub-regions, and indexed to provide flexible and varied retrieval in a query-by-example environment. The methods of tessellation, feature extraction. sub-region clustering, indexing, and retrieval are described and demonstrated using a geospatiol library representing a 153 km(2) region of land in East Tennessee at 0.5 m per pixel resolution. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Image Sci & Machine Vis Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Geog Informat Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Appl Software Engn Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tobin, KW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Image Sci & Machine Vis Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM Tobinkwjr@ornl.gov OI Potok, Thomas/0000-0001-6687-3435 NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 72 IS 5 BP 531 EP 540 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 042CI UT WOS:000237504400004 ER PT J AU Kim, KH Harrison, N Amitsuka, H Jaime, M Mydosh, JA AF Kim, Kee Hoon Harrison, N. Amitsuka, H. Jaime, M. Mydosh, J. A. TI Emergent phases near the metamagnetic quantum critical point in U(Ru1-xRhx)(2)Si-2 SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES 05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE quantum critical point; U(Ru, Rh)(2)Si-2; phase formation AB This paper presents a brief summary of recent electrical transport, magnetization and specific heat measurements on U(Ru1-xRhx)(2)Si-2) (x = 0, 2, 2.5, 3, and 4%) in magnetic fields up to 45 T. The results uncover the formation of multiple phases near their putative metamagnetic quantum critical points at low temperatures. From the established magnetic field versus temperature phase diagram in our series of samples, we find a clear correlation between the field-dependence of the phases and that of the putative quantum critical point. This provides an archetypal example that the field-tuned metamagnetic quantum criticality is intimately related to the formation of thermodynamic phases. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, CSCMR, Seoul 151747, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Phys, Seoul 151747, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, NHMFL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. Leiden Univ, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Max Planck Inst Chem Phys, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. RP Kim, KH (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, CSCMR, Seoul 151747, South Korea. EM khkim@phya.snu.ac.kr RI Amitsuka, Hiroshi/K-8539-2012; Jaime, Marcelo/F-3791-2015; OI Jaime, Marcelo/0000-0001-5360-5220; Harrison, Neil/0000-0001-5456-7756 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 EI 1873-2135 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 378-80 BP 31 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.020 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 055CC UT WOS:000238426600008 ER PT J AU Stewart, GR Kim, JS Sykora, RE Haire, RG AF Stewart, GR Kim, JS Sykora, RE Haire, RG TI Highly correlated electron behavior in NpCu5-x(Pd,Ni)(x) - a contrast to UCu5-x(Pd,Ni)(x) SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SECES 05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE non-fermi liquid; heavy fermion; new structure determination ID FERMI-LIQUID BEHAVIOR AB We report the low-temperature specific heats of NpCu5-xPdx (x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5), the "plus one f-electron" analogs to the well-studied non-Fermi liquid (nFl) system UCu5-xPdx. The Np materials were shown to form in the same AuBe5 structure type as the U pseudobinary alloys. A number of differences between the Np and U materials are found. The magnetic transition at 15 K in the U system is evidently suppressed to lower temperatures in the Np analog, and the low-temperature C/T values are strongly enhanced in the NpCU5-xPdx (x = 1.0 and 1.5) alloys vs. their U counterparts. Finally, NpCu4Ni appears to show non-Fermi liquid behavior similar to that of the NpCu5-xPdx system, just as UCu4M is quite similar to UCu4Pd in its nFl behavior. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CSD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stewart, GR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM stewart@phys.ufl.edu NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 378-80 BP 40 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.022 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 055CC UT WOS:000238426600010 ER PT J AU Goremychkin, EA Osborn, R Rainford, BD Bauer, ED Maple, MB Koza, M AF Goremychkin, EA Osborn, R Rainford, BD Bauer, ED Maple, MB Koza, M TI Temperature dependence of the low-energy crystal field excitation in PrOS4Sb12: effect of the energy gap SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SECES 05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE crystal fields; neutron scattering; superconductivity ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB We have performed inelastic neutron scattering measurements of the singlet-triplet crystal-field (CF) excitation in the filled skutterudite compound PrOs4Sb12 in the vicinity of the superconducting transition. The CF linewidth decreases sharply below T-c. The decrease is consistent with an isotropic energy gap of 2 Delta/k(B)T(c) = 6.6 +/- 0.8, which is in good agreement with NQR measurements [H. Kotegawa et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, (2003) 027001]. We observe additional scattering that may be due to low-energy vibrational (rattling) modes that may be relevant to the superconductivity. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Southampton, Dept Phys, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. RP Goremychkin, EA (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. EM E.A.Goremychkin@rl.ac.uk RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Osborn, Raymond/E-8676-2011; OI Osborn, Raymond/0000-0001-9565-3140; Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 378-80 BP 58 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.025 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 055CC UT WOS:000238426600016 ER PT J AU Bud'ko, SL Zapf, VS Morosan, E Canfield, PC AF Bud'ko, SL Zapf, VS Morosan, E Canfield, PC TI Anisotropic Hall effect in single crystal heavy fermion YbAgGe SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SECES 05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE YbAgGe; Hall effect; quantum critical point AB Temperature- and field-dependent Hall effect measurements (down to T = 50 in K and up to H = 18 T) are reported for YbAgGe, a heavy fermion compound exhibiting a field-induced quantum phase transition. Whereas the temperature-dependent Hall coefficient of YbAgGe shows behavior similar to what has been observed in a number of heavy fermion compounds, the low-temperature, field-dependent measurements reveal well defined, sudden changes with applied field. Distinct features in the anisotropic field-dependent Hall resistivity sharpen on cooling down and at the base temperature are close to the respective critical fields for the field-induced quantum critical point. At low-temperatures, the functional form of the field-dependent Hall coefficient is field-direction-dependent and complex beyond simple existing models, thus reflecting the multi-component Fermi surface of the material and its non-trivial modification at the quantum critical point. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, NHMFL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bud'ko, SL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM budko@ameslab.gov RI Zapf, Vivien/K-5645-2013; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 OI Zapf, Vivien/0000-0002-8375-4515; NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 378-80 BP 87 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.035 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 055CC UT WOS:000238426600029 ER PT J AU Silhanek, AV Zocco, D Harrison, N Jaime, M Ebihara, T AF Silhanek, A. V. Zocco, D. Harrison, N. Jaime, M. Ebihara, T. TI Approaching field tuned quantum criticality in CeIn3-xSnx SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES 05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE CeIn3; heavy fermions; quantum criticality AB We report on the magnetic field evolution of the Neel temperature T-N in the heavy electron system CeIn3-xSnx (x = 0 and 0.3), as determined by specific heat, magnetocaloric effect, and electrical transport measurements. For the stoichiometric compound, T-N is fully suppressed at H-c similar to 65 T, whereas for x = 0.3 the critical field extrapolates to H-c similar to 30 T. An increasing Sommerfeld coefficient gamma, obtained above T-N, as field increases is observed and could be related to the a putative quantum critical point at H-c. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST, NHMFL, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Fis, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Shizuoka Univ, Dept Phys, Shizuoka 4228529, Japan. RP Silhanek, AV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST, NHMFL, MS E536, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM silhanek@lanl.gov RI Zocco, Diego/O-3440-2014; Jaime, Marcelo/F-3791-2015; OI Jaime, Marcelo/0000-0001-5360-5220; Harrison, Neil/0000-0001-5456-7756 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 378-80 BP 90 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.036 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 055CC UT WOS:000238426600030 ER PT J AU Donath, JG Gegenwart, P Kuchler, R Oeschler, N Steglich, F Bauer, ED Sarrao, JL AF Donath, JG Gegenwart, P Kuchler, R Oeschler, N Steglich, F Bauer, ED Sarrao, JL TI Pressure effect on superconductivity in CeCoIn5-xSnx studied by thermal expansion SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SECES 05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE CeCoIn5; heavy fermion superconductivity; quantum critical point ID SN AB We present low-temperature thermal expansion measurements on the Sn-substituted heavy fermion superconductor CeCoIn5-xSnx for 0 <= x <= 0. 12 in which T-c is rapidly suppressed from 2.3 (x = 0) to 0. 7 K (x = 0. 12). The analysis of the superconducting transition anomalies reveals a drastic change of the uniaxial pressure dependences of T-c with Sn substitution. The hydrostatic pressure dependence of T-c is positive for Sn concentrations x <= 0.06 and changes sign at larger x. A first-order superconducting transition, caused by Pauli limiting in magnetic fields that suppress T-c to below 0.7K, is visible at x <= 0.06. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Donath, JG (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. EM donath@cpfs.mpg.de RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Gegenwart, Philipp/A-7291-2017; OI Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 378-80 BP 98 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.039 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 055CC UT WOS:000238426600034 ER PT J AU Kurita, N Kano, M Hedo, M Uwatoko, Y Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD Tozer, SW AF Kurita, N Kano, M Hedo, M Uwatoko, Y Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD Tozer, SW TI Investigation of YbInCu4 at pressures to 7 GPa SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SECES 05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE YbInCu4; high pressure; resistivity measurement ID TRANSITION AB Electrical resistivity measurements of YbInCu4 were carried out under several pressures up to P = 7.0 GPa and temperatures down to 0.3 K. At 2.9 GPa, YbInCu4 undergoes a valence transition with hysteresis. Above 3.3 GPa, the valence transition completely disappears, as found in our previous work. Fits of the data at low temperature to rho = rho(0) + AT(2) show that the resistivity coefficient A and the residual resistivity rho(0) as a function of pressure have a broad peak around 4 GPa. This fact implies that YbInCu4 around 4 GPa might be in the vicinity of a quantum critical point, or that carrier density and ground-state degeneracy of YbInCu4 might be changed around 4 GPa. Moreover, slight decreases of the resistivities are observed at T-M similar to 2.4 K independently of pressures from 3.3 GPa up to 7.0 GPa. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kurita, N (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. EM nobuyuki@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 378-80 BP 104 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.042 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 055CC UT WOS:000238426600037 ER PT J AU Cornelius, AL Christianson, AD Lawrence, JL Fritsch, V Bauer, ED Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD Pagliuso, PG AF Cornelius, AL Christianson, AD Lawrence, JL Fritsch, V Bauer, ED Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD Pagliuso, PG TI Observation of field-induced single impurity behavior in the heavy fermion compound Ce3CO4Sn13 SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SECES 05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE heavy fermion; heat capacity; quantum critical point ID CE3IR4SN13 AB We have performed heat capacity measurements in magnetic fields to 90 kOe oil single crystals of the Cubic heavy fermion compound Ce3Co4Sn13. In zero field, there are no signs of long-range magnetic order down to 0.35 K. However, C/T increases rapidly below 2 K, reaching a very large maximum value of similar to 4 J/mol Ce-K around 0.8 K in zero field, and the high-field magnetic entropy approaches RIn 2 at 20 K. Above 25 kOe, the data are consistent with a Kondo impurity with T-K = 1.2 K. Short-range magnetic correlations are suppressed by magnetic fields giving way to single impurity behavior above 25 kOe. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. RP Cornelius, AL (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM cornel@physics.unlv.edu RI Cornelius, Andrew/A-9837-2008; Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012; christianson, andrew/A-3277-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Fritsch, Veronika/P-1352-2016; OI christianson, andrew/0000-0003-3369-5884; Fritsch, Veronika/0000-0002-6620-4554; Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937 NR 6 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 378-80 BP 113 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.259 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 055CC UT WOS:000238426600041 ER PT J AU Bauer, ED Mixson, D Ronning, F Hur, N Movshovich, R Thompson, JD Sarrao, JL Hundley, MF Tobash, PH Bobev, S AF Bauer, ED Mixson, D Ronning, F Hur, N Movshovich, R Thompson, JD Sarrao, JL Hundley, MF Tobash, PH Bobev, S TI Antiferromagnetic quantum critical point in CeRhIn5-xSnx SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SECES 05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE antiferromagnetic order; non-Fermi liquid behavior; quantum critical point ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; PRESSURE AB Measurements of magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, and electrical resistivity have been performed on single crystals of CeRhIn5-xSnx. The antiferromagnetic order at T-N = 3.8 K that occurs in the heavy-fermion pressure-induced superconductor CeRhIn5 is suppressed by Sn substitution at a critical concentration x(c)similar to 0.35. Non-Fermi liquid behavior is observed in the vicinity of x(c) suggesting an antiferromagnetic quantum critical point. The evolution of the antiferromagnetic order, a Schottky anomaly centered around 3 K attributed to short-range magnetic correlations, and non-Fermi liquid behavior in CeRhIn5-xSnx indicates a localized/itinerant crossover of the Ce f electrons, similar to the one that occurs in CeRhIn5 at applied pressure. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Chem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Bauer, ED (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM edbauer@lanl.gov RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Hur, Namjung/G-3752-2013; OI Ronning, Filip/0000-0002-2679-7957; Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937 NR 10 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 378-80 BP 142 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.053 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 055CC UT WOS:000238426600055 ER PT J AU MacLaughlin, DE Shu, L Anderson, JE Heffner, RH Morris, GD Bernal, OO Kim, JS Stewart, GR AF MacLaughlin, D. E. Shu, Lei Anderson, J. E. Heffner, R. H. Morris, G. D. Bernal, O. O. Kim, J. S. Stewart, G. R. TI Spin freezing and non-glassy dynamics in Ce0.2La0.8RhIn5 SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES 05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE non-Fermi liquid; mu SR; glassy spin dynamics; Ce0.2La0.2RhIn5 ID FERMI-LIQUID BEHAVIOR; RELAXATION; DISORDER AB Zero-field muon spin relaxation (mu SR) in non-Fermi liquid Ce0.2La0.8RhIn5 reveals disordered spin freezing with a sharp transition at 0.16K. The frozen moment at T = 0 is estimated as similar to 0.13 mu(B)/Ce, an order of magnitude smaller than found from thermodynamic data at higher fields and temperatures. Longitudinal-field mu SR exhibits no dynamic relaxation at any temperature, showing that the spin freezing is not accompanied by the slow spin fluctuations found in spin glasses above the glass temperature and in other disordered non-Fermi liquid systems. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP MacLaughlin, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM macl@physics.ucr.edu RI Shu, Lei/E-7524-2012 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 EI 1873-2135 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 378-80 BP 144 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.054 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 055CC UT WOS:000238426600056 ER PT J AU Niklowitz, PG Knebel, G Flouquet, J Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC AF Niklowitz, PG Knebel, G Flouquet, J Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC TI Magnetic properties near the non-Fermi-liquid regime in the antiferromagnetic heavy-fermion compound YbAgGe SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SECES 05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE YbAgGe; heavy-fermion; Magnetoresistance AB Measurements of the magnetoresistance down to 75 mK give indications for the evolution of the magnetic ground state of YbAgGe from antiferromagnetic order at zero field to a field polarised state at high fields. In particular, the feature at 5 T closest to the field range, where non-Fermi-liquid behaviour had been previously observed, is associated with an increase of the field-induced ferromagnetic component. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 CEA, SPSMS, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Niklowitz, PG (reprint author), CEA, SPSMS, 17 Rue Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. EM niklowit@drfmc.ceng.cea.fr RI Knebel, Georg/A-3294-2012; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 378-80 BP 161 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.061 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 055CC UT WOS:000238426600064 ER PT J AU Wellein, G Bishop, AR Hohenadler, M Schubert, G Fehske, H AF Wellein, G. Bishop, A. R. Hohenadler, M. Schubert, G. Fehske, H. TI Optical response of many-polaron systems SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES 05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE electron-phonon interaction; optical conductivity; Holstein polarons AB Exact results for the density of states and the AC conductivity of the spinless Holstein model at finite carrier density are obtained combining Lanczos and kernel polynomial methods. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Ctr Comp, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Graz Univ Technol, Inst Theoret & Computat Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Inst Phys, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany. RP Wellein, G (reprint author), Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Ctr Comp, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. EM g.wellein@rrze.uni-erlangen.de RI Hohenadler, Martin/A-6056-2012 NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 378-80 BP 281 EP 282 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.138 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 055CC UT WOS:000238426600118 ER PT J AU Peschel, O Czycholl, G Schnell, I AF Peschel, O. t Czycholl, G. Schnell, I. TI Ab initio many-body treatment of the electronic structure of metals SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES 05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE Hubbard model; ab initio calculation; alkali metals AB We propose a method for an ab initio determination of the second-quantized Hamiltonian describing the electronic properties of a certain material. A standard band structure calculation yields the Bloch functions, from which the static susceptibility and dielectric function can be calculated within the random phase approximation and maximally localized Wannier functions can be obtained. Within this Wannier basis all relevant one-particle and screened Coulomb matrix elements are calculated. This yields a multi-band Hubbard Hamiltonian with ab initio parameters to which established methods of many-body theory can be applied. For the simple metal Li an extended, four-band Hubbard model is obtained and a weak-coupling approximation for the self energy is justified. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Peschel, O (reprint author), Univ Bremen, Dept Phys, POB 330 440, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. EM opeschel@itp.uni-bremen.de NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 EI 1873-2135 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 378-80 BP 290 EP 291 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.106 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 055CC UT WOS:000238426600122 ER PT J AU Radovan, HA Tozer, SW Murphy, TP Palm, EC Fortune, NA Hannahs, ST Agosta, CC Martin, C Sarrao, JL Cooley, JC AF Radovan, H. A. Tozer, S. W. Murphy, T. P. Palm, E. C. Fortune, N. A. Hannahs, S. T. Agosta, C. C. Martin, C. Sarrao, J. L. Cooley, J. C. TI Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov superconductivity in heavy fermion CeCoIn5 SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES 05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE heavy fermion superconductors; FFLO; phase diagram AB We report angular dependent heat capacity, RE penetration depth. and magnetization Studies on CeCoIn15, a clean quasi-2D strongly correlated superconductor in the paramagnetic limit. At temperatures below 350 mK and magnetic field applied parallel to the conducting planes, we find evidence for the inhomogeneous FFLO superconducting state close to the upper critical field. For small tilt angles, where both orbital and paramagnetic pair-breaking becomes important, the superconducting order parameter assumes higher Landau level states within the FFLO state. For applied field at an angle greater than 15 degrees no FFLO signature is observed and a BCS-type superconducting state emerges. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Florida State Univ, NHMFL, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Smith Coll, Dept Phys, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. Clark Univ, Dept Phys, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Radovan, HA (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. EM hradovan@uprm.edu RI Hannahs, Scott/B-1274-2008; Fortune, Nathanael/B-6914-2009; Cooley, Jason/E-4163-2013 OI Hannahs, Scott/0000-0002-5840-7714; Fortune, Nathanael/0000-0002-2704-9969; NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 378-80 BP 343 EP 346 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.124 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 055CC UT WOS:000238426600145 ER PT J AU Silhanek, AV Harrison, N Batista, CD Jaime, M Lacerda, A Amitsuka, H Mydosh, JA AF Silhanek, AV Harrison, N Batista, CD Jaime, M Lacerda, A Amitsuka, H Mydosh, JA TI Gamma(5) quasiparticles and avoided quantum criticality in U(Ru,Rh)(2)Si-2 SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SECES 05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE U(Ru, Rh)(2)Si-2; quasiparticles; quantum criticality; metamagnetism; electric quadrupoles ID URU2SI2; FIELDS; ORDER AB We discuss recent specific heat data in high magnetic fields on URu2Si2 and 4% Rh-doped URu2Si2 as well as previously published de Haas-van Alphen data at lower magnetic fields in pure URu2Si2: both of which are consistent with quasiparticle bands formed from a hybridization between 5f-electron Gamma(5) doublets and regular conduction electrons. The system exhibits itinerant electron metamagnetism that gives rise to a putative quantum critical point at similar to 34-37T (depending on the % of Rh) that is subsequently unstable to field-induced phases. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Fester Stoffe, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. RP Harrison, N (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E536, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM nharrison@lanl.gov RI Amitsuka, Hiroshi/K-8539-2012; Jaime, Marcelo/F-3791-2015; Batista, Cristian/J-8008-2016; OI Jaime, Marcelo/0000-0001-5360-5220; Harrison, Neil/0000-0001-5456-7756 NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 378-80 BP 373 EP 375 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.131 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 055CC UT WOS:000238426600155 ER PT J AU Miclea, CF Nicklas, M Sarrao, JL Sparn, G Steglich, F Thompson, JD AF Miclea, C. F. Nicklas, M. Sarrao, J. L. Sparn, G. Steglich, F. Thompson, J. D. TI Possible Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov superconducting state in CeCoIn5: New evidence from pressure studies SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES 05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE heavy fermions; superconductivity; hydrostatic pressure ID HEAT AB The heavy-fermion superconductor (SC) CeCoIn5 shows an anomaly in specific heat, inside the SC state, at low temperatures and close to the upper critical field (B-c2). This feature was attributed to a phase transition from the classical vortex state into a Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovehinnikov phase. Intriguingly, at ambient pressure, CeCoIn5 is situated close to an antiferromagnetic quantum critical point (QCP) and underlying magnetic fluctuations may be responsible for the specific heat feature. By applying pressure, the system is driven away from the QCP. We present first results of a specific heat study under hydrostatic pressure and in high magnetic fields as an attempt to clarify the origin of this phase. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Solids, Nothnitzer St 40, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Miclea, CF (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Solids, Nothnitzer St 40, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. EM miclea@cpfs.mpg.de RI Miclea, Corneliu Florin/C-5047-2011; Sparn, Guenter/F-5120-2013; Nicklas, Michael/B-6344-2008; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 OI Nicklas, Michael/0000-0001-6272-2162; NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 EI 1873-2135 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 378-80 BP 398 EP + DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.174 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 055CC UT WOS:000238426600165 ER PT J AU Stishov, SM Sidorov, VA Tsvyashchenko, AV Bauer, ED Petrova, AE Park, T Thompson, JD AF Stishov, SM Sidorov, VA Tsvyashchenko, AV Bauer, ED Petrova, AE Park, T Thompson, JD TI Phase diagram of ZrZn2 at high pressure: Low-temperature features and elusive superconductivity SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SECES 05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE phase transitions; superconductivity ID FERROMAGNETISM; COEXISTENCE AB Studies of the AC magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistivity of polycrystalline samples of ZrZn,, synthesized at high pressure, were performed at pressures up to 4.5 GPa and temperatures down to 0.4 K. The evolution with pressure of the line of ferromagnetic phase transformations qualitatively agrees with numerous previous data, though the transition temperature is highly sensitive to the quality and history of samples. Upon approaching zero temperature, the transition line bends toward the pressure axis as dictated by the Nernst theorem. An additional feature of the phase diagram was discovered in the samples with the highest Curie temperature (25-26 K). The electrical resistance of these samples drastically decreases near 1.4-1.8K at ambient pressure. The temperature of this resistive transition does not change much with pressure and crosses the Curie line at a pressure near 1.2GPa, seemingly forming some sort of tetracritical point. Application of magnetic fields up to 2T suppresses the transition that one may expect if superconductivity is involved. However, heat capacity measurements do not show any anomaly at the transition, which resembles the case described by Pfliederer et al. C1 Inst High Pressure Phys, Troitsk 142190, Moscow Region, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Stishov, SM (reprint author), Inst High Pressure Phys, Troitsk 142190, Moscow Region, Russia. EM sergei@hppi.troitsk.ru RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Park, Tuson/A-1520-2012; OI Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 378-80 BP 411 EP 412 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.144 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 055CC UT WOS:000238426600171 ER PT J AU Hering, EN Borges, HA Ramos, SM Fontes, MB Saitovitch, EB Bittar, EM Pagliuso, PG Moreno, NO Thompson, JD Sarrao, JL AF Hering, E. N. Borges, H. A. Ramos, S. M. Fontes, M. B. Saitovitch, E. Baggio Bittar, E. M. Pagliuso, P. G. Moreno, N. O. Thompson, J. D. Sarrao, J. L. TI Pressure-temperature-composition phase diagram of Ce2MIn8 (M = Rh, Ir) SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES 05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE CeRh1-xIrxIr8; heavy-fermions; f-electron niagnetism superconductivity ID HEAVY-FERMION COMPOUNDS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB In this work a preliminary pressure-temperature-composition phase diagram for the Ce2Rh(1-x)IrxIns heavy-fermions (HF) materials is reported, built from pressure-dependent electrical resistivity (p(T)) measurements on single-crystalline samples. Although neither of the two end members is an ambient-pressure SC, a transition to a zero-resistance (ZR) state was found at ambient pressure (T-C approximate to 600mK) in a narrow Ir concentration range (around x = 0.5). Pressures not higher than 10 kbar are sufficient to suppress this ZR state for all measured concentrations, in contrast to the 115 materials. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 PUC, Dept Fis, BR-22451041 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, BR-2290180 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hering, EN (reprint author), PUC, Dept Fis, BR-22451041 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM enhering@gabuleu.com RI Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012; Moreno, Nelson/H-1708-2012; Bittar, Eduardo/B-6266-2008; Saitovitch, Elisa/A-6769-2015; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 OI Moreno, Nelson/0000-0002-1672-4340; Bittar, Eduardo/0000-0002-2762-1312; NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 378-80 BP 423 EP 425 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.401 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 055CC UT WOS:000238426600177 ER PT J AU Crespo, M Suderow, H Vieira, S Bud'ko, S Canfield, PC AF Crespo, M Suderow, H Vieira, S Bud'ko, S Canfield, PC TI Thermal expansion measured by STM in the magnetic superconductor ErNi2B2C SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SECES 05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE ErNi2B2C; magnetism and superconductivity; thermal expansion AB We present a simultaneous measurement of the superconduction tunnelling density of states and of the thermal expansion of ErNi2B2C across the antiferromagnetic transition at T-N. The thermal expansion shows a sharp, well defined. lambda type anomaly at T-N, whereas the tunnelling density of states appears to be unaffected by the onset of antiferromagnetic order. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Autonoma Madrid, Inst Ciencia Mat Nicolas Cabrera, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, Lab Bajas Temp, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Crespo, M (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Madrid, Inst Ciencia Mat Nicolas Cabrera, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, Lab Bajas Temp, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. EM maria.crespo@uam.es RI Suderow, Hermann/L-6612-2013; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; vieira, sebastian/L-5216-2014 OI Suderow, Hermann/0000-0002-5902-1880; vieira, sebastian/0000-0002-3854-1377 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 378-80 BP 471 EP 472 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.205 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 055CC UT WOS:000238426600200 ER PT J AU Kobayashi, Y Naing, TS Suzuki, M Akimitsu, M Asai, K Yamada, K Akimitsu, J Manuel, P Tranquada, JM Shirane, G AF Kobayashi, Y Naing, TS Suzuki, M Akimitsu, M Asai, K Yamada, K Akimitsu, J Manuel, P Tranquada, JM Shirane, G TI Neutron scattering study of phonons in LaCoO3 SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SECES 05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE LaCoO3; spin-state transition; inelastic neutron scattering; phonon ID SPIN-STATE TRANSITIONS AB We have investigated phonons with the inelastic neutron scattering in order to study the 100 K spin-state transition (ST) in LaCoO3 The acoustic phonon dispersions show some characteristic features of the folded Brillouin zone (BZ) of the rhombohedrally distorted perovskite structure containing two chemical formula of LaCoO3 in the unit cell. The optical phonons of the E, rotational modes of 0 atoms and the E. vibration mode of La atoms show a remarkable softening above the ST. The softening is most pronounced at R-point of the pseudo-cubic reciprocal lattice but covers almost whole region of the Brillouin zone. In contrast, the acoustic phonons show no such softening associated with the ST. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Electrocommun, Dept Appl Phys & Chem, Chofu, Tokyo 1828585, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 980577, Japan. Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298551, Japan. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kobayashi, Y (reprint author), Univ Electrocommun, Dept Appl Phys & Chem, Chofugaoka 1-5-1, Chofu, Tokyo 1828585, Japan. EM koba@pc.uec.ac.jp RI Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009; Yamada, Kazuyoshi/C-2728-2009 OI Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857; NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 378-80 BP 532 EP 533 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.242 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 055CC UT WOS:000238426600226 ER PT J AU Fak, B Ruegg, C Niklowitz, PG McMorrow, DF Canfield, PC Bud'ko, SL Janssen, Y Habicht, K AF Fak, B. Ruegg, Ch. Niklowitz, P. G. McMorrow, D. F. Canfield, P. C. Bud'ko, S. L. Janssen, Y. Habicht, K. TI Magnetic phase diagram of heavy-fermion YbAgGe SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES 05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE heavy fermion; non-fermi liquid; neutron scattering; phase diagram ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; COMPOUND YBAGGE AB We have determined the magnetic phase diagram as a function of temperature T and field H//b of the new heavy-fermion compound with a critical YbAgGe using elastic neutron scattering. The low-T and low-H phase is characterized by a propagation vector k(1) = (1/3,0,1/3) field and temperature of H(1) = 1.89(1) T and T(1) = 697(7) mK. It is separated by a first-order transition from a second magnetically ordered phase, which has a propagation vector k(2) = (0, 0, 0.324) with H(2) = 2.92(2) T and T(2) = 766(17) mK. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Commiss Energie Atom, Dept Rech Fondmentale Matiere Condensee, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. UCL, London Ctr Nanotechnol, London WC1E 6BT, England. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Festkorperphys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Fak, B (reprint author), Commiss Energie Atom, Dept Rech Fondmentale Matiere Condensee, 17 Rue Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. EM fak@cea.fr RI McMorrow, Desmond/C-2655-2008; Ruegg, Christian/A-3476-2012; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; Habicht, Klaus/K-3636-2013 OI McMorrow, Desmond/0000-0002-4947-7788; Ruegg, Christian/0000-0003-0139-7786; Habicht, Klaus/0000-0002-9915-7221 NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 378-80 BP 669 EP 670 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.450 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 055CC UT WOS:000238426600282 ER PT J AU Greene, LH Park, WK Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD AF Greene, L. H. Park, W. K. Sarrao, J. L. Thompson, J. D. TI Point-contact spectroscopy of CeCoIn5: Andreev reflection studies of the normal-metal-heavy-fermion superconductor interface SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES 05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE superconductivity; heavy fermions; Andreev reflection; point-contact spectroscopy ID UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; UPT3; TRANSPORT; TRANSITION; JUNCTIONS AB Point-contact spectroscopy (PCs) results are obtained with normal-metal (N) An tips on single crystals of the heavy-fermion superconductor (HFS) CeCoIn5. Our exceptionally clean, reproducible data are taken over a temperature range of 60 K to 400 mK. Contacts are shown to be in the Sharvin limit. Asymmetry observed in the background conductance starting at T* (similar to 45 K), increasing with decreasing temperature to T-c (2.3 K), signifies the emerging heavy-fermion liquid. Below, T-c, the enhancement of the subgap conductance (similar to 13.3% at 400mK) arises from Andreev reflection (AR). According to standard Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk (BTK) theory, the Fermi velocity mismatch between an N and a HFS should yield no AR. The AR we do observe is several times lower than that observed in N/conventional superconductor PCs, but consistent with other N-HFS data reported. Our zero-bias conductance data are best fit with an extended d-wave BTK model. A fit to the full conductance curve at 400 mK indicates strong coupling (2 Delta/k(B)T(c) = 4.6), but the suppression of both the AR signal and the energy gap cannot be accounted for with existing models. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Greene, LH (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM lhg@uiuc.edu NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 EI 1873-2135 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 378-80 BP 671 EP 672 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.460 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 055CC UT WOS:000238426600283 ER PT J AU Mito, T Nakamura, M Shimoide, M Otani, M Koyama, T Wada, S Kotegawa, H Kobarashi, TC Idzikowski, B Reiffers, M Sarrao, JL AF Mito, T Nakamura, M Shimoide, M Otani, M Koyama, T Wada, S Kotegawa, H Kobarashi, TC Idzikowski, B Reiffers, M Sarrao, JL TI Pressure effect on heavy fermion compound YbCu5 SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SECES 05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE Yb-based compound; heavy fermion; high pressure AB We report the first study of pressure effect on heavy fermion compound YbCu5. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and resistivity measurements under pressure indicate that electronic properties of YbCu5 gradually approach the localized-nonlocalized boundary with pressure. The critical pressure P-C is estimated to be about 4GPa. Such pressure dependence contrasts with that of YbInCu4 which shows the first-order transition from valence fluctuating to magnetically ordered states at P-C = 2.4 GPa. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kobe Univ, Fac Sci, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. Okayama Univ, Fac Sci, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Mol Phys, PL-60179 Poznan, Poland. Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Expt Phys, Kosice 04353, Slovakia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nakamura, M (reprint author), Kobe Univ, Fac Sci, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. EM 041s118n@y04.kobe-u.ac.jp NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 378-80 BP 732 EP 733 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.265 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 055CC UT WOS:000238426600313 ER PT J AU Christianson, AD Lawrence, JM Lobos, AM Aligia, AA Bauer, ED Moreno, NO Goremychkin, EA Littrell, KC Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD Batista, CD AF Christianson, AD Lawrence, JM Lobos, AM Aligia, AA Bauer, ED Moreno, NO Goremychkin, EA Littrell, KC Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD Batista, CD TI Anisotropic intermediate valence in Yb2Rh3Ga9 SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SECES 05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE intermediate valence; Anderson impurity model; crystal fields ID SCATTERING AB We report measurements of the inelastic neutron scattering spectrum for the anisotropic intermediate valence system Yb2Rh3Ga9. Calculations for the Anderson impurity model with crystal field terms within an approach based on the non-crossing approximation have been performed for the inelastic neutron scattering spectrum as well as other thermodynamic quantities. These results corroborate the importance of crystal field effects in these materials. They also suggest that Anderson lattice effects are important to the physics of Yb2Rh3Ga9. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Ctr Atom Bariloche, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Inst Balseiro, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Christianson, AD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Mail Stop E536, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM achristianson@lanl.gov RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Moreno, Nelson/H-1708-2012; Lobos, Alejandro/I-5904-2013; christianson, andrew/A-3277-2016; Batista, Cristian/J-8008-2016; Littrell, Kenneth/D-2106-2013 OI Moreno, Nelson/0000-0002-1672-4340; christianson, andrew/0000-0003-3369-5884; Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937; Littrell, Kenneth/0000-0003-2308-8618 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 378-80 BP 752 EP 753 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.274 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 055CC UT WOS:000238426600323 ER PT J AU Curro, NJ Young, BL Schmalian, J Pines, D AF Curro, N. J. Young, B. -L. Schmalian, J. Pines, D. TI Universal scaling behavior in heavy electron materials SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES 05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE heavy fermions; knight shift; nuclear magnetic resonance ID LIV2O4 AB We show that the NMR Knight shift anomaly exhibited by a large number of heavy electron materials can be understood in terms of the different hyperfine couplings of probe nuclei to localized spins and to conduction electrons. The onset of the anomaly is at a temperature T*, below which an itinerant component of the magnetic susceptibility develops. This second component characterizes the polarization of the conduction electrons by the local moments and is a signature of the emerging heavy electron state. The heavy electron component grows as log T below T*, and scales universally for all measured Ce, Yb and U based materials. Our results suggest that T* is not related to the single-ion Kondo temperature, T-K, but rather represents a correlated Kondo temperature that provides a measure of the strength of the intersite coupling between the local moments. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Curro, NJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM curro@lanl.gov RI Schmalian, Joerg/H-2313-2011; Curro, Nicholas/D-3413-2009 OI Curro, Nicholas/0000-0001-7829-0237 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 378-80 BP 754 EP 755 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.275 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 055CC UT WOS:000238426600324 ER PT J AU Chen, YY Huang, PH Booth, CH Lawrence, JM AF Chen, YY Huang, PH Booth, CH Lawrence, JM TI Disorder effects on Kondo behavior in CePt2+x SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SECES 05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE Kondo lattice; antiferromagnetic order; disorder AB CePt2 is an antiferromagnetic (AF) Kondo-lattice compound with T-N similar to 1.7K and T-K similar to 4.6K. The evolution of AF and Kondo interactions in CePt2+x with x = 0,0.5 and 1 is observed by analysis of the temperature-dependent specific heat. This analysis shows that similar to 56% of the Ce in CePt2 is involved in Kondo interactions, with the rest involved in magnetic correlations. While 100% of the expected entropy (R ln2) is recovered by 15 K in CePt2, only 95% and 93% is recovered for x = 0.5 and 1.0, respectively. Meanwhile a larger Kondo fraction (80-90%) and a smaller AF fraction (15-3%) is observed, while T-K decreases from 4.6 K to 2.8 K as x increases from 0 to 1. This trend in T-K is opposite that expected from the measured lattice contraction. We conjecture that lattice disorder induced by Pt alloying is responsible for these results. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved. C1 Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. RP Chen, YY (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. EM cheny2@phys.sinica.edu.tw RI Booth, Corwin/A-7877-2008 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 378-80 BP 778 EP 779 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.479 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 055CC UT WOS:000238426600335 ER PT J AU Braithwaite, D Paolasini, L Deen, PP Kernavanois, N Yakhou, F Canfield, P Lapertot, G AF Braithwaite, D Paolasini, L Deen, PP Kernavanois, N Yakhou, F Canfield, P Lapertot, G TI High-pressure resonant magnetic X-ray diffraction and transport experiments in Ce(Fe(1-x)co(x))(2) SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SECES 05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE laves phase; high pressure; resonant magnetic X-ray scattering AB We present high-pressure resistivity and resonant magnetic X-ray diffraction results on single crystals of the system Ce(Fe1-xCOx)(2) with x = 0.07 and 0.1 where cobalt doping stabilises an antiferromagnetic phase at low temperatures. We show that on the x = 0.07 compound the effect of pressure is to increase the Neel temperature whereas in the x = 0.1 system T-N decreases with applied pressure. These results show that there is a qualitative equivalence between the effects of pressure and cobalt doping in this system. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved. C1 CEA, SPSMS, Dept Rech Fondamentale Mat Condensee, F-38054 Grenoble, France. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Braithwaite, D (reprint author), CEA, SPSMS, Dept Rech Fondamentale Mat Condensee, 17 RUe Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble, France. EM daniel.braithwaite@cea.fr RI LAPERTOT, Gerard/B-3354-2008 NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 378-80 BP 782 EP 783 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.285 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 055CC UT WOS:000238426600337 ER PT J AU Chapon, LC Goremychkin, EA Osborn, R Rainford, BD Short, S AF Chapon, LC Goremychkin, EA Osborn, R Rainford, BD Short, S TI Magnetic and structural instabilities in CePd2Al2 and LaPd2Al2 SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SECES 05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE crystal fields; neutron scattering; magnetoelastic coupling AB We have investigated the crystal and magnetic Structure of the RPd2Al2 compounds (R = La, Ce) by neutron powder diffraction (ND) and inelastic neutron scattering (INS). The ND study shows that both compounds undergo a structural phase transition from tetragonal to orthorhombic symmetry at 91.5 K (La) and 13.5 K (Ce). In the case of CePd2Al2 the crystal field excitation spectrum, which has ail extra peak that cannot be explained by a standard crystal field model. indicates the presence of strong magneto-elastic coupling. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Southampton, Dept Phys, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. RP Chapon, LC (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. EM L.C.Chapon@rl.ac.uk RI Osborn, Raymond/E-8676-2011 OI Osborn, Raymond/0000-0001-9565-3140 NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 378-80 BP 819 EP 820 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.300 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 055CC UT WOS:000238426600354 ER PT J AU Maple, MB Butch, NP Bauer, ED Zapf, VS Ho, PC Wilson, SD Dai, PC Adroja, DT Lee, SH Chung, JH Lynn, J AF Maple, MB Butch, NP Bauer, ED Zapf, VS Ho, PC Wilson, SD Dai, PC Adroja, DT Lee, SH Chung, JH Lynn, J TI Non-Fermi liquid behavior and quantum criticality in Sc1-xUxPd3 and URu2-xRexSi2 SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SECES 05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE Sc1-xUxPd3; URu2-xRexSi2; quantum criticality; non-fermi liquid; spin ID ELECTRON COMPOUND URU2SI2; SYSTEM URU2SI2; TRANSITIONS; Y1-XUXPD3; PRESSURE; METALS; ORDER AB The compounds Sc1-xUxPd3 and URu2-xRexSi2 exhibit non-Fermi liquid behavior in the vicinity of zero-temperature magnetic phase transitions accessed by chemical substitution. Notably, the quantum phase transitions in these pseudobinary systems are associated with spin glass and ferromagnetic ordering, respectively. Recent studies have uncovered new details of the unconventional physical phenomena occurring in these materials. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Pure & Appl Phys Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Maple, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM mbmaple@physics.ucsd.edu RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; Zapf, Vivien/K-5645-2013 OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; Zapf, Vivien/0000-0002-8375-4515 NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 378-80 BP 911 EP 914 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.351 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 055CC UT WOS:000238426600398 ER PT J AU Curro, NJ Caldwell, T Bauer, ED Morales, LA Graf, M Bang, Y Balatsky, A Thompson, JD Sarrao, JL AF Curro, NJ Caldwell, T Bauer, ED Morales, LA Graf, M Bang, Y Balatsky, A Thompson, JD Sarrao, JL TI Unconventional superconductivity in PuCoGa5 SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SECES 05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE PuCoGa5; superconductivity; nuclear magnetic resonance ID TEMPERATURE AB We report nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data in the new heavy fermion Superconductor PuCoGa5 (T-c = 18.5 K) in the normal and superconducting states. Measurements of the Knight shift and the nuclear spin lattice relaxation rate in the superconducting state show a spin-singlet with lines of nodes in the gap function, and our calculations indicate that the data are consistent with a strong-coupling d-wave gap function with Delta/k(B)T(c) = 4. In the normal state. the temperature dependence of the spin lattice relaxation rate suggests the presence of antiferromagnetic correlations, and scales with T, in the same manner as in other heavy fermion superconductors, as well as the high-temperature superconductor. YBa2Cu3O7. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. RP Curro, NJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM curro@lanl.gov RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Curro, Nicholas/D-3413-2009; OI Curro, Nicholas/0000-0001-7829-0237; Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937 NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 378-80 BP 915 EP 919 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.352 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 055CC UT WOS:000238426600399 ER PT J AU Joyce, JJ Wills, JM Durakiewicz, T Butterfield, MT Guziewicz, E Moore, DP Sarrao, JL Morales, LA Arko, AJ Eriksson, O Delin, A Graham, KS AF Joyce, J. J. Wills, J. M. Durakiewicz, T. Butterfield, M. T. Guziewicz, E. Moore, D. P. Sarrao, J. L. Morales, L. A. Arko, A. J. Eriksson, O. Delin, A. Graham, K. S. TI Dual nature of the 5f electrons in plutonium materials SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES 05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE photoemission; dual nature; electronic structure; plutonium ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; DELTA-PLUTONIUM; PU; PHOTOEMISSION; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; LOCALIZATION; PUCOGA5; CONFIGURATION; STATES; LAYERS AB The electronic structure of select Pu materials is examined by means of photoemission (PES) and model calculations. We present the first photoemission results and electronic structure calculations for the material PuIn3. Results for Pu materials, including the cubic delta-phase metal and the superconductor PuCoGa5, give indication of the 5f electrons exhibiting both localized and itinerant character. These new results for PuIn3 place this compounds also in the 5f dual nature category. The dual nature of the Pu 5f electrons demarks the boundary between localized and itinerant 5f character in the actinides. The photoemission data for delta-Pu, PuIn3 and PuCoGa5 are compared against model calculations. The calculations are a mixed level model (MLM) which is a multi-electron extension of the generalized gradient approximation. Using the MLM, one obtains good agreement for the volume and total energy minimum with 4 of 5 Pu 5f electrons localized. The calculations also agree well with the PES spectra. Other computational schemes and interpretations are also reviewed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V, All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Warsaw, Poland. Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, Uppsala, Sweden. KTH, Materialvetenskap, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Joyce, JJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jjoyce@lanl.gov RI Eriksson, Olle/E-3265-2014; Delin, Anna/P-2100-2014; Guziewicz, Elzbieta/S-4910-2016; OI Eriksson, Olle/0000-0001-5111-1374; Delin, Anna/0000-0001-7788-6127; Guziewicz, Elzbieta/0000-0001-6158-5258; Moore, David/0000-0002-0645-587X; Durakiewicz, Tomasz/0000-0002-1980-1874 NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 378-80 BP 920 EP 924 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.493 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 055CC UT WOS:000238426600400 ER PT J AU Tobin, JG Morton, SA Chung, BW Yu, SW Waddill, GD AF Tobin, JG Morton, SA Chung, BW Yu, SW Waddill, GD TI Spin-resolved electronic structure studies of non-magnetic systems: Possible observation of the Fano Effect in polycrystal Ce SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SECES 05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE Ce; electron correlation; photoelectron spectroscopy ID ALPHA-GAMMA-TRANSITION; LOW-ENERGY EXCITATIONS; DETAILED ANALYSIS; IMPURITY MODEL; PHOTOEMISSION; POLARIZATION; SURFACE; PHASE; PHOTOELECTRONS; CHARACTER AB Using circularly polarized X-rays and true spin detection via a MiniMott Detector, preliminary evidence of strong spin specific effects has been observed in the valence bands of ultrathin films of non-magnetic Ce. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Missouri, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. RP Tobin, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM Tobin1@LLNL.Gov RI Chung, Brandon/G-2929-2012; Tobin, James/O-6953-2015 NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 378-80 BP 925 EP 928 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.416 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 055CC UT WOS:000238426600401 ER PT J AU Lashley, JC Fisher, RA Flouquet, J Hardy, F Huxley, A Phillips, NE AF Lashley, JC Fisher, RA Flouquet, J Hardy, F Huxley, A Phillips, NE TI Ambient-pressure specific heat of single-crystal UGe2 SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SECES 05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE UGe2; heat capacity; ferrornaguetism; CDW AB Measurements of the specific heat of UGe2 at ambient pressure show a feature in the 18-23 K region that is suggestive of a CDW transition. The magnetic field dependence of the specific heat shows the presence of structure in the electron density, of states and an unusual nature of the ferromagnetic ordering at the Curie temperature. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CEA Grenoble, SPSMS, Dept Rech Fondamentale Mat Condensee, F-38054 Grenoble, France. RP Phillips, NE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nephill@cchem.berkeley.edu NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 378-80 BP 961 EP 962 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.367 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 055CC UT WOS:000238426600416 ER PT J AU Harada, A Kawasaki, S Mukuda, H Kitaoka, Y Haga, Y Yamamoto, E Onuki, Y Itoh, KM Haller, EE Harima, H AF Harada, A Kawasaki, S Mukuda, H Kitaoka, Y Haga, Y Yamamoto, E Onuki, Y Itoh, KM Haller, EE Harima, H TI Unconventional superconductivity in the itinerant ferromagnet UGe2 : Ge-73-NQR study under pressure SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SECES 05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE UGe2; unconventional superconductivity; itinerant ferromagrietism; nonunitary state; NQR under pressure; first-order phase transition ID UGE2 AB The superconducting characteristics on the itinerant ferromagnetic superconductor UGe2 have been investigated via the Ge-73-NQR measurements under pressure (P) near the critical pressure P, where the first-order transition takes place from the low-temperature (1) and low-P ferromagnetic phase (FM2) to high-T and high-P one (FM 1). The measurements Of nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/T-1 have revealed a power-law like behavior as P without the coherence peak, whereas at low temperatures. it deviates from the P dependence to a T-linear like behavior. These results that depend on the pressure are well understood in terms Of non-unitary spin-triplet pairing state where the ferromagnetic up-spin band is gapped, but the down-spin band remains gapless at the Fermi level. We will argue an intimate relationship of the onset of SC with FM1 and FM2. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn Sci, Dept Mat Engn Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5608531, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Keio Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Physicoimformat, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Kobe Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. RP Harada, A (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn Sci, Dept Mat Engn Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5608531, Japan. EM aharada@nmr.mp.es.ostka-u.ac.jp RI KAWASAKI, Shinji/B-2586-2011; Itoh, Kohei/C-5738-2014 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 378-80 BP 963 EP 964 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.368 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 055CC UT WOS:000238426600417 ER PT J AU Oh, YS Kim, KH Harrison, N Sharma, PA Amitsuka, H Mydosh, JA AF Oh, YS Kim, KH Harrison, N Sharma, PA Amitsuka, H Mydosh, JA TI Hall effect evolution across a field-induced phase in U(Ru0.96Rh0.04)(2)Si-2 SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SECES 05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE U(RuRh)(2)Si-2; heavy fermions; quantum critical point; Hall effect ID QUANTUM CRITICALITY AB We investigate the evolution of Hall coefficient R-H in U(Ru0.96Rh0.04)(2)Si-2 across a field-induced phase II, formed to avoid a putative quantum critical point, using a mid-pulse magnet up to 45 T. R-H values at low temperatures increased sharply when the system enters phase II from the neighboring fermi-liquid states stabilized outside phase II. This observation is consistent with a large fermi surface reconstruction to open a partial gap inside phase II. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Phys, Seoul 151747, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, CSCMR, Seoul 151747, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST NHMFL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. Leiden Univ, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Fester Stoffe, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. RP Kim, KH (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Phys, Seoul 151747, South Korea. EM khkim@phya.snu.ac.kr RI Oh, Yoon Seok/A-1071-2011; Sharma, Peter/G-1917-2011; Amitsuka, Hiroshi/K-8539-2012; OI Oh, Yoon Seok/0000-0001-8233-1898; Sharma, Peter/0000-0002-3071-7382; Harrison, Neil/0000-0001-5456-7756 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 378-80 BP 989 EP 990 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.379 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 055CC UT WOS:000238426600429 ER PT J AU Bang, Y Balatsky, AV Wastin, F Thompson, JD AF Bang, Y Balatsky, AV Wastin, F Thompson, JD TI The origin of new high-temperature superconductor PuCoGa5 and, its implications SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SECES 05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE PuCoGa5; superconductivity; antiferrornagnetic spin fluctuations ID TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE AB We examined possible pairing bosons in PuCoGa5. We found that the antiferromagnetic (AFM) spin-fluctuation scattering is most consistent with the experimental data of resistivity p(T), successfully explaining the anomalous temperature dependence at low temperatures [similar to T-4\(3)] as well as the saturation behavior at high temperatures. The extracted characteristic energy scale of spill fluctuations (omega(sf)similar to 150K) and the dimension less coupling constant lambda similar to 3-4 are consistent with the experimental T-c = 18.5K of PuCoGa5 and predicts a d-wave-like unconventional pairing symmetry. Our prediction is confirmed by the recent NMR experiments [N. Curro, et al., Nature 434 (2005) 622]. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Transuranium Elements, D-76175 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Bang, Y (reprint author), Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. EM ykbang@chonnam.ac.kr NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 378-80 BP 1025 EP 1026 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.446 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 055CC UT WOS:000238426600446 ER PT J AU Durakiewicz, T Joyce, JJ Lander, GH Olson, CG Butterfield, MT Guziewicz, E Batista, CD Arko, AJ Morales, L Mattenberger, K Vogt, O AF Durakiewicz, T Joyce, JJ Lander, GH Olson, CG Butterfield, MT Guziewicz, E Batista, CD Arko, AJ Morales, L Mattenberger, K Vogt, O TI Electronic structure and magnetism in actinide compounds SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SECES 05) CY JUL 26-30, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE actinides; photoemission; magnetism; electronic structure AB A close relationship between electronic structure and magnetic properties is observed in actinide compounds. The exact nature of this relationship is under investigation. We present examples of a direct link between electronic structure and ordered magnetic moment and/or magnetization. Specifically, results obtained for cubic U, Np and Pu compounds and quasi-2D U compounds are be presented. In the case of cubic compounds, a direct relationship between binding energy of valence band features and magnetic moment will be discussed. A Stoner-like mechanism and simple mean-field explanation is proposed for ferromagnetic UTe. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. JRC, Inst Transuranium Elements, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. ETH, Festkorperphys Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Durakiewicz, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tomasz@lanl.gov RI Batista, Cristian/J-8008-2016; Guziewicz, Elzbieta/S-4910-2016; OI Guziewicz, Elzbieta/0000-0001-6158-5258; Durakiewicz, Tomasz/0000-0002-1980-1874 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2006 VL 378-80 BP 1033 EP 1034 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.527 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 055CC UT WOS:000238426600450 ER PT J AU Narvaez, GA He, LX Bester, G Zunger, A AF Narvaez, GA He, LX Bester, G Zunger, A TI Theoretical predictions of the electronic and optical properties of single and coupled (In,Ga)As/GaAs quantum dots SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Modulated Semiconductor Structures (MSS12) CY JUL 10-15, 2005 CL Albuquerque, NM DE quantum dots; neutral excitons; trions; charging spectroscopy; entanglement ID MODEL AB We show how an atomistic pseudopotential plus many-body configuration interaction theory can address the main spectroscopic features of self-assembled dots including, excitons, trions, biexcitons, fine-structure, charging spectra as well as electric-field dependence of entanglement in dot molecules. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zunger, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM alex_zunger@nrel.gov RI Bester, Gabriel/I-4414-2012; Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 OI Bester, Gabriel/0000-0003-2304-0817; NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD MAY PY 2006 VL 32 IS 1-2 BP 93 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.physe.2005.12.142 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 046WQ UT WOS:000237842200025 ER PT J AU Skinner, CH Federici, G AF Skinner, CH Federici, G TI Is carbon a realistic choice for ITER's divertor? SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on New Directions for Advanced Computer Simulations and Experiments in Fusion-Related Plasma-Surface Interactions CY MAR 21-23, 2005 CL Oak Ridge, TN ID PLASMA-FACING COMPONENTS; TRITIUM RETENTION; JET; TFTR; REMOVAL; EROSION; THERMOOXIDATION; INVENTORY; DEUTERIUM; TOKAMAKS AB Tritium retention by codeposition with carbon on the divertor target plate is predicted to limit ITER's DT burning plasma operations ( e. g. to about 100 pulses for the worst conditions) before the in-vessel tritium inventory limit, currently set at similar to 350 g, is reached. At this point, ITER will only be able to continue its burning plasma program if technology is available that is capable of rapidly removing large quantities of tritium from the vessel with over 90% efficiency. The removal rate required is four orders of magnitude faster than that demonstrated in current tokamaks. 18 years after the observation of co-deposition on JET and TFTR, such technology is nowhere in sight. The inexorable conclusion is that either a major initiative in tritium removal should be funded or that research priorities for ITER should focus on metal alternatives at least for DT operations. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. ITER Garching Joint Work Site, Garching, Germany. RP Skinner, CH (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM cskinner@pppl.gov NR 39 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD MAY PY 2006 VL T124 BP 18 EP 22 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2006/T124/004 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 040OC UT WOS:000237387500005 ER PT J AU Stotler, DP AF Stotler, DP TI Towards a revised Monte Carlo neutral particle surface interaction model SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on New Directions for Advanced Computer Simulations and Experiments in Fusion-Related Plasma-Surface Interactions CY MAR 21-23, 2005 CL Oak Ridge, TN ID ALCATOR C-MOD; MAGNETIC-FIELD; PLASMA EDGE; HYDROGEN; RETENTION; TRANSPORT; DEUTERIUM; GRAPHITE; TOKAMAKS; SHEATH AB The components of the neutral- and plasma-surface interaction model used in the Monte Carlo neutral transport code DEGAS 2 are reviewed. The idealized surfaces and processes handled by that model are inadequate for accurately simulating neutral transport behaviour in present day and future fusion devices. We identify some of the physical processes missing from the model, such as mixed materials and implanted hydrogen, and make some suggestions for improving the model. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Stotler, DP (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM dstotler@pppl.gov RI Stotler, Daren/J-9494-2015 OI Stotler, Daren/0000-0001-5521-8718 NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD MAY PY 2006 VL T124 BP 23 EP 26 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2006/T124/005 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 040OC UT WOS:000237387500006 ER PT J AU Meyer, FW Vergara, LI Krause, HF AF Meyer, FW Vergara, LI Krause, HF TI Recent ORNL measurements of chemical sputtering of ATJ graphite by slow atomic and molecular D ions SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on New Directions for Advanced Computer Simulations and Experiments in Fusion-Related Plasma-Surface Interactions CY MAR 21-23, 2005 CL Oak Ridge, TN ID HYDROCARBON FORMATION; PYROLYTIC-GRAPHITE; ENERGETIC HYDROGEN; EROSION; IMPACT; FILMS; BOMBARDMENT; YIELDS; TILES AB We describe here an ORNL Physics Division research activity whose focus is the investigation of chemical sputtering of graphite by atomic and molecular D ions at very low energies that have so far been unexplored. Our initial experimental approach is based on the use of a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) which samples the partial pressure of selected mass species produced in a scattering chamber when the incident ion beam strikes a graphite sample. While most of the ORNL results obtained to date are for D-2(+) ions incident on ATJ graphite, preliminary results are shown for D+ projectiles incident at energies down to 10 eVD(-1), and for D-3(+) ions incident at 10 and 4.5 eVD(-1). The possibility of obtaining complementary information using a time-of-flight approach is discussed as well. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Meyer, FW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM meyerfw@ornl.gov NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD MAY PY 2006 VL T124 BP 44 EP 49 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2006/T124/009 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 040OC UT WOS:000237387500010 ER PT J AU Stuart, SJ Knippenberg, MT Kum, O Krstic, PS AF Stuart, SJ Knippenberg, MT Kum, O Krstic, PS TI Simulation of amorphous carbon with a bond-order potential SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on New Directions for Advanced Computer Simulations and Experiments in Fusion-Related Plasma-Surface Interactions CY MAR 21-23, 2005 CL Oak Ridge, TN ID ENERGY; HYDROCARBONS; FILMS; MODELS AB Simulations of amorphous carbon were performed at densities ranging from 2.0 to 3.0 g cm(-3) with a reactive bond-order potential. The fraction of sp(3) bonding increases with increasing density, as is observed experimentally, but with generally too much sp(2) content. Ring size distributions are calculated, with a number of large rings observed. It is suggested that structural quantities that are more directly related to physical properties-such as void volumes and coordination numbers-are more useful than ring size distributions in characterizing the structure of amorphous carbon. Void fractions and void volume distributions are calculated, indicating that a percolating void network exists at 2.0 g cm(-3), large, non-percolating voids exist at intermediate density, and no voids are found larger than atomic volumes at 3.0 g cm(-3). C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stuart, SJ (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM ss@clemson.edu RI Kum, Oyeon/A-4962-2008; Stuart, Steven/H-1111-2012 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD MAY PY 2006 VL T124 BP 58 EP 64 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2006/T124/012 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 040OC UT WOS:000237387500013 ER PT J AU Marian, J Zepeda-Ruiz, LA Gilmer, GH Bringa, EM Rognlien, T AF Marian, J Zepeda-Ruiz, LA Gilmer, GH Bringa, EM Rognlien, T TI Simulations of carbon sputtering in amorphous hydrogenated samples SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on New Directions for Advanced Computer Simulations and Experiments in Fusion-Related Plasma-Surface Interactions CY MAR 21-23, 2005 CL Oak Ridge, TN ID CHEMICAL EROSION; GRAPHITE; IMPACT; FILMS; HYDROCARBONS; RELEASE AB The interaction of edge plasma with material surfaces raises key issues for the viability of the international thermonuclear reactor (ITER) and future fusion reactors, including heat-flux limits, net material erosion and impurity production. After exposure of the graphite divertor plates to the plasma in a fusion device, an amorphous C/H layer forms. This layer contains 20-30 atomic percent D/T bonded to C. Subsequent D/T impingement on this layer produces a variety of hydrocarbons that are sputtered back into the sheath region. We present molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of D/T impacts on amorphous carbon layer as a function of ion energy and orientation, using the AIREBO potential. In particular, energies are varied between 10 and 150 eV to transition from chemical to physical sputtering. These results are used to quantify yield, hydrocarbon composition and eventual plasma contamination. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bringa, EM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ebringa@llnl.gov RI Bringa, Eduardo/F-8918-2011 NR 19 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD MAY PY 2006 VL T124 BP 65 EP 69 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2006/T124/013 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 040OC UT WOS:000237387500014 ER PT J AU Bylaska, EJ Tsemekhman, K Gao, F AF Bylaska, EJ Tsemekhman, K Gao, F TI New development of self-interaction corrected DFT for extended systems applied to the calculation of native defects in 3C-SiC SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on New Directions for Advanced Computer Simulations and Experiments in Fusion-Related Plasma-Surface Interactions CY MAR 21-23, 2005 CL Oak Ridge, TN ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; WANNIER FUNCTIONS; SILICON-CARBIDE; CARBON RINGS; ENERGY-BANDS; NWCHEM; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; IMPLEMENTATION; TRANSITION AB We recently developed a framework for implementing a scaled self-interaction corrected density functional theory (DFT-SIC) into pseudo-potential plane-wave DFT. The technique implements the original method of Perdew and Zunger by direct minimization of the DFT-SIC total energy functional. By using maximally localized Wannier functions, DFT-SIC calculation can be carried out efficiently even for extended systems. Using this new development, the formation energies of defects in 3C-SiC ( silicon carbide) were calculated and compared to more standard DFT calculations. Differences of up to 1 eV were seen between DFT and DFT-SIC calculations of the formation energies. When compared to DFT, DFT-SIC produced less-stable vacancies and silicon interstitials, and more stable antisites and carbon interstitials. The most favourable interstitials were found to be C interstitials in a C+-C < 100 > dumbbell configuration, with the formation energy of 5.91 eV with DFT and 5.65 eV with DFT-SIC. Si interstitials were not as stable as C interstitials. The most favourable Si interstitial was found to be Si tetrahedral surrounded by four C atoms, with a formation energy of 7.65 eV with DFT and 8.71 eV with DFT-SIC. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bylaska, EJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM eric.bylaska@pnl.gov RI Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012 NR 34 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 11 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD MAY PY 2006 VL T124 BP 86 EP 90 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2006/T124/017 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 040OC UT WOS:000237387500018 ER PT J AU Janev, RK Krstic, PS AF Janev, RK Krstic, PS TI Determination of chemical composition and charge state distribution of chemical erosion hydrocarbon fluxes SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on New Directions for Advanced Computer Simulations and Experiments in Fusion-Related Plasma-Surface Interactions CY MAR 21-23, 2005 CL Oak Ridge, TN ID COLLISION PROCESSES; METAL-SURFACE; ATOMS; ELECTRONS; EXTRACTION; PROTONS; TOKAMAK; IONS AB The hydrocarbon fluxes released from a hydrogenated graphite surface due to thermal erosion and chemical sputtering become subject to a number of particle-surface interaction (PSI) processes in the near-surface region. These processes involve an electron transfer between the released particle and the surface and, thus, affect the charge state distribution of released hydrocarbons. The electron capture from the surface by a hydrocarbon ion to an excited dissociative state can lead to prompt dissociation of the formed molecule, producing two (or more) lighter fragments. These PSI processes (of resonant and Auger type) have so far not been included in the plasma-wall interaction studies. It is, however, obvious that they play a decisive role in determination of chemical composition and charge state distribution of hydrocarbon fluxes released from the surface and entering the edge/divertor plasma region. It is equally obvious that the same processes also take place when the hydrocarbon species approach the graphite surface from the interior of the edge/divertor plasma region, thus affecting their sticking to the surface. C1 EURATOM, Inst Plasma Phys, Forschungszentrum Julich, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Janev, RK (reprint author), EURATOM, Inst Plasma Phys, Forschungszentrum Julich, Trilateral Euregio Cluster, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM r.janev@fz-juelich.de NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD MAY PY 2006 VL T124 BP 96 EP 100 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2006/T124/019 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 040OC UT WOS:000237387500020 ER PT J AU Krstic, PS Harrison, RJ Sumpter, BG AF Krstic, PS Harrison, RJ Sumpter, BG TI Excited state quantum-classical molecular dynamics SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on New Directions for Advanced Computer Simulations and Experiments in Fusion-Related Plasma-Surface Interactions CY MAR 21-23, 2005 CL Oak Ridge, TN ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; HARTREE-FOCK; ATOMISTIC SIMULATIONS; MULTIWAVELET BASES; COLLISIONS; APPROXIMATION; ENERGY; MATRIX; MULTIELECTRON; TRANSITIONS AB We are focusing on developing a predictive theoretical, algorithmic and computational framework describing the many-body dynamics of the plasma-wall interactions by applying multiscale quantum-classical (QC) molecular dynamics (MD) and quantum chemistry approaches. Computer simulations of the dynamics of molecular systems often encounter serious limitations, of both phenomenological and quantitative nature, due to our inability to treat non-adiabatic transition dynamics and evolution beyond the ground Born-Oppenheimer electronic surface. This is, in particular, present due to charge transfer, collisional-cascade excitations and chemical sputtering of plasma ions impinging on a plasma-facing surface. A quantum mechanical treatment of the full non-adiabatic multibody dynamics is not currently feasible. To address existing deficiencies in knowledge of non-adiabatic MD, we propose excited state many-body dynamics by considering multiphysics described by time-dependent versions of the mean-field theories as well as QC Liouville equations, combined with multiresolution techniques for solving the quantum part of the problem. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Krstic, PS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM krsticp@ornl.gov RI Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013 OI Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355 NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD MAY PY 2006 VL T124 BP 101 EP 107 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2006/T124/020 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 040OC UT WOS:000237387500021 ER PT J AU Hogan, JT Krstic, PS Meyer, FW AF Hogan, JT Krstic, PS Meyer, FW TI Plasma-surface interactions for fusion SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hogan, JT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD MAY PY 2006 VL T124 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2006/T124/E01 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 040OC UT WOS:000237387500001 ER PT J AU Liliental-Weber, Z Tornaszewicz, T Zakharov, D O'Keefe, M Hautakangas, S Saarinen, K Freitas, JA Henry, RL AF Liliental-Weber, Z Tornaszewicz, T Zakharov, D O'Keefe, M Hautakangas, S Saarinen, K Freitas, JA Henry, RL TI Atomic structure of pyramidal defects in GaN : Mg : Influence of annealing SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nanoscale Magnetism (ICNM 2005) CY JUL 03-07, 2005 CL Gebze, TURKEY AB The atomic structure of the characteristic defects (Mg-rich hexagonal pyramids) in p-doped bulk and MOCVD GaN: Mg thin films grown with Ga polarity was determined at atomic resolution by direct reconstruction of the scattered electron wave in a transmission electron microscope. Small cavities were present inside the defects, confirmed also with positron annihilation. The inside walls of the cavities were covered by GaN of reverse polarity compared to the matrix. Annealing of the MOCVD layers lead to slight increase of the defect size and an increase of the room temperature photoluminescence intensity. Positron annihilation confirms presence of vacancy clusters of different sizes triggered by the Mg doping in as-grown samples and decrease of their concentration upon annealing at 900 and 1000 degrees C. (c) 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Elect Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Liliental-Weber, Z (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Z_Liliental-Weber@lbl.gov RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012; Zakharov, Dmitri/F-4493-2014 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0031-8965 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Mat. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 203 IS 7 BP 1636 EP 1640 DI 10.1002/pssa.200565458 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 049RQ UT WOS:000238034600024 ER PT J AU Acosta, V Ledbetter, MP Rochester, SM Budker, D Kimball, DFJ Hovde, DC Gawlik, W Pustelny, S Zachorowski, J Yashchuk, VV AF Acosta, V. Ledbetter, M. P. Rochester, S. M. Budker, D. Kimball, D. F. Jackson Hovde, D. C. Gawlik, W. Pustelny, S. Zachorowski, J. Yashchuk, V. V. TI Nonlinear magneto-optical rotation with frequency-modulated light in the geophysical field range SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENT; ATOMIC MAGNETOMETER; ORIENTATION; RELAXATION; ALIGNMENT; LORENTZ; QUANTUM; WIDTHS; LIMITS AB Recent work investigating resonant nonlinear magneto-optical rotation (NMOR) related to long-lived (tau(rel)similar to 1s) ground-state atomic coherences has demonstrated potential magnetometric sensitivities exceeding 10(-11) G/root Hz for small (less than or similar to 1 mu G) magnetic fields. In the present work, NMOR using frequency-modulated light (FM NMOR) is studied in the regime where the longitudinal magnetic field is in the geophysical range(similar to 500mG), of particular interest for many applications. In this regime a splitting of the FM NMOR resonance due to the nonlinear Zeeman effect is observed. At sufficiently high light intensities, there is also a splitting of the FM NMOR resonances due to ac Stark shifts induced by the optical field, as well as evidence of alignment-to-orientation conversion type processes. The consequences of these effects for FM-NMOR-based atomic magnetometry in the geophysical field range are considered. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif State Univ Hayward, Dept Phys, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. SW Sci Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45244 USA. Jagiellonian Univ, Ctr Badan Magnetooptycznych, Inst Fizyki M Smoluchowskiego, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Acosta, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ledbetter@berkeley.edu; budker@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Acosta, Victor/G-8176-2011; Budker, Dmitry/F-7580-2016; OI Budker, Dmitry/0000-0002-7356-4814; Acosta, Victor/0000-0003-0058-9954 NR 43 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 7 U2 25 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 5 AR 053404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.73.053404 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 048LT UT WOS:000237949300087 ER PT J AU Martinez, AJG Lopez-Urrutia, JRC Braun, J Brenner, G Bruhns, H Lapierre, A Mironov, V Orts, RS Tawara, H Trinczek, M Ullrich, J Artemyev, AN Harman, Z Jentschura, UD Keitel, CH Scofield, JH Tupitsyn, II AF Martinez, AJG Lopez-Urrutia, JRC Braun, J Brenner, G Bruhns, H Lapierre, A Mironov, V Orts, RS Tawara, H Trinczek, M Ullrich, J Artemyev, AN Harman, Z Jentschura, UD Keitel, CH Scofield, JH Tupitsyn, II TI Benchmarking high-field few-electron correlation and QED contributions in Hg75+ to Hg78+ ions. I. Experiment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HELIUM-LIKE IONS; DIELECTRONIC RECOMBINATION; LAMB SHIFT; URANIUM; TRANSITIONS; DECAY; U89+ AB The photorecombination of highly charged few-electron mercury ions Hg75+ to Hg78+ has been explored with the Heidelberg electron beam ion trap. By monitoring the emitted x rays (65-76 keV) and scanning the electron beam energy (45-54 keV) over the KLL dielectronic recombination (DR) region, the energies of state-selected DR resonances were determined to within +/- 4 eV (relative) and +/- 14 eV (absolute). At this level of experimental accuracy, it becomes possible to make a detailed comparison to various theoretical approaches and methods, all of which include quantum electrodynamic (QED) effects and finite nuclear size contributions (for a 1s electron, these effects can be as large as 160 and 50 eV, respectively). In He-like Hg78+, a good agreement between the experimental results and the calculations has been found. However, for the capture into Li-, Be-, and B-like ions, significant discrepancies have been observed for specific levels. The discrepancies suggest the need for further theoretical and experimental studies with other heavy ions along these isoelectronic sequences. C1 Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. St Petersburg State Univ, St Petersburg 198504, Russia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Martinez, AJG (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RI Crespo Lopez-Urrutia, Jose R./F-7069-2011; Tupitsyn, Ilya/J-6611-2013; Gonzalez Martinez, Antonio Javier/G-8126-2016 OI Crespo Lopez-Urrutia, Jose R./0000-0002-2937-8037; Tupitsyn, Ilya/0000-0001-9237-5667; Gonzalez Martinez, Antonio Javier/0000-0001-6742-5626 NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 5 AR 052710 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.73.052710 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 048LT UT WOS:000237949300075 ER PT J AU Pindzola, MS Robicheaux, F Loch, SD Colgan, JP AF Pindzola, M. S. Robicheaux, F. Loch, S. D. Colgan, J. P. TI Electron-impact ionization of H-2 using a time-dependent close-coupling method SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE PHOTOIONIZATION; DISSOCIATIVE IONIZATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; MOLECULES; H2 AB Electron-impact ionization cross sections for H-2 are calculated using a nonperturbative time-dependent close-coupling method. In a standard frozen-core approximation, the six-dimensional wave function for the valence target electron and the incident projectile electron is expanded in products of rotational functions. The time-dependent Schrodinger equation for the two-electron system is then reduced to a set of close-coupled partial differential equations for the four-dimensional expansion functions in (r(1),theta(1),r(2),theta(2)) center-of-mass spherical polar coordinates. The nonperturbative close-coupling results are found to be over a factor of 2 lower than perturbative distorted-wave results, but in excellent agreement with experimental measurements, at incident electron energies near the peak of the total integrated cross section. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pindzola, MS (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RI Robicheaux, Francis/F-4343-2014; OI Robicheaux, Francis/0000-0002-8054-6040; Colgan, James/0000-0003-1045-3858 NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 5 AR 052706 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.73.052706 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 048LT UT WOS:000237949300071 ER PT J AU Al-Hassanieh, KA Feiguin, AE Riera, JA Busser, CA Dagotto, E AF Al-Hassanieh, K. A. Feiguin, A. E. Riera, J. A. Busser, C. A. Dagotto, E. TI Adaptive time-dependent density-matrix renormalization-group technique for calculating the conductance of strongly correlated nanostructures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ARTIFICIAL ATOMS; KONDO RESONANCE; TRANSPORT; ELECTRONICS; TRANSISTOR; FORMULA; SYSTEMS; DEVICE; STATES AB A procedure based on the recently developed "adaptive" time-dependent density-matrix-renormalization-group (DMRG) technique is presented to calculate the zero temperature conductance of nanostructures, such as quantum dots (QDs) or molecular conductors, when represented by a small number of active levels. The leads are modeled using noninteracting tight-binding Hamiltonians. The ground state at time zero is calculated at zero bias. Then, a small bias is applied between the two leads, the wave function is DMRG evolved in time, and currents are measured as a function of time. Typically, the current is expected to present periodicities over long times, involving intermediate well-defined plateaus that resemble steady states. The conductance can be obtained from those steady-state-like currents. To test this approach, several cases of interacting and noninteracting systems have been studied. Our results show excellent agreement with exact results in the noninteracting case. More importantly, the technique also reproduces quantitatively well-established results for the conductance and local density of states in both the cases of one and two coupled interacting QDs. The technique also works at finite bias voltages, and it can be extended to include interactions in the leads. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Microsoft Project Q, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Nacl Rosario, RA-2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina. RP Al-Hassanieh, KA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Riera, Jose/A-1234-2008; Busser, Carlos/K-1017-2014 OI Riera, Jose/0000-0003-4546-1137; Busser, Carlos/0000-0002-0353-7490 NR 54 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 19 AR 195304 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.195304 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048ME UT WOS:000237950400072 ER PT J AU Apra, E Ferrando, R Fortunelli, A AF Apra, E Ferrando, R Fortunelli, A TI Density-functional global optimization of gold nanoclusters SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; TRANSITION-ELEMENTS; METAL-CLUSTERS; ENERGY; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; APPROXIMATION; CHEMISTRY; EXCHANGE; MODEL AB The structure of gas-phase gold clusters of size similar to 20 is studied by density-functional global optimization in the full configuration space. The putative global minimum of Au-20 is confirmed to be a tetrahedron (T-d) independently of the choice of the exchange-correlation functional, whereas the structure of the low-lying excited states depends on the theoretical approach. The peculiar stability of T-d is rationalized in terms of the synergic effects of s-d hybridization and electronic shell closure. Calculations on Au-16 and Au-18 show that T-d Au-20 possibly represents a "unicum" in the sequence of gold clusters. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. CNR, Mol Modeling Lab, IPCF, I-56124 Pisa, Italy. RP Fortunelli, A (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM fortunelli@ipcf.cnr.it RI Apra, Edoardo/F-2135-2010; Ferrando, Riccardo /C-4066-2011 OI Apra, Edoardo/0000-0001-5955-0734; Ferrando, Riccardo /0000-0003-2750-9061 NR 34 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 20 AR 205414 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.205414 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MF UT WOS:000237950500097 ER PT J AU Balatsky, AV Fransson, J Mozyrsky, D Manassen, Y AF Balatsky, A. V. Fransson, J. Mozyrsky, D. Manassen, Yishay TI STM NMR and nuclear spin noise SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; PRECESSING SPIN; SPECTROSCOPY; SILICON AB Fluctuations of an electronic spin can be revealed in the tunneling current fluctuations of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). We consider fluctuations of the electronic spin due to coupling to nuclear spin. We argue that the noise spectroscopy of electronic spin can reveal the nuclear spin dynamics due to hyperfine coupling. We find that the STM tunneling current power spectrum develops hyperfine split satellites of the main lines at Larmor frequency and at zero frequency. We also address the role of the rf field that is at or near the resonance with the nuclear hyperfine field. This approach is similar to electron nuclear double resonance in that is allows one to detect nuclear spin dynamics indirectly through its effect on electronic spin. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Phys, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Ilse Katz Ctr Nanometer Scale Sci & Technol, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Balatsky, AV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM avb@lanl.gov; jonasf@lanl.gov; mozyrsky@lanl.gov; manassen@bgumail.bgu.ac.il RI Fransson, Jonas/A-9238-2009; OI Mozyrsky, Dima/0000-0001-5305-4617 NR 29 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 18 AR 184429 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.184429 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MD UT WOS:000237950300082 ER PT J AU Barnard, AS Erdin, S Lin, Y Zapol, P Halley, JW AF Barnard, A. S. Erdin, S. Lin, Y. Zapol, P. Halley, J. W. TI Modeling the structure and electronic properties of TiO2 nanoparticles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; PHASE-STABILITY; ULTRASOFT PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; BASIS-SET; NANOCRYSTALS; SURFACES; METALS AB A self-consistent tight-binding method and density functional theory were used to study structures and electronic properties of anatase nanoparticles. Full geometry optimization resulted in both surface relaxation and a slight overall contraction of the nanoparticles. Analyzing electronic properties using electron localization function and Mulliken populations, we found nonbonding electrons at the edges and corners of the nanoparticle. The results of tight-binding and density functional theory calculations are in good agreement, suggesting the tight-binding scheme to be a useful tool for studies of larger nanoparticles in the range of hundreds to thousands of atoms. The self-consistent tight-binding results on nanoparticles of sizes up to 1365 atoms and some structural, electronic, and energetic trends as a function of nanoparticle size are also reported. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zapol, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM zapol@anl.gov RI Barnard, Amanda/A-7340-2011; Zapol, Peter/G-1810-2012; Erdin, Serkan/B-4988-2008 OI Barnard, Amanda/0000-0002-4784-2382; Zapol, Peter/0000-0003-0570-9169; Erdin, Serkan/0000-0001-6587-2625 NR 32 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 20 AR 205405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.205405 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MF UT WOS:000237950500088 ER PT J AU Bud'ko, SL Wiener, TA Ribeiro, RA Canfield, PC Lee, Y Vogt, T Lacerda, AH AF Bud'ko, S. L. Wiener, T. A. Ribeiro, R. A. Canfield, P. C. Lee, Y. Vogt, T. Lacerda, A. H. TI Effect of pressure and chemical substitutions on the charge-density-wave in LaAgSb2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-STRUCTURES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; RAGSB2 R; LA-ND; GD; SM; DEPENDENCE; TRANSPORT; PR; TM AB We present data on the crystal structure and evolution of the electrical resistivity in lightly doped La1-xRxAgSb2 (R=Gd, Y, Ce, and Nd) at ambient pressure and in LaAgSb2 under hydrostatic pressure. The upper charge density wave transition is suppressed by both doping and pressure with substitution-related disorder being the dominant mechanism for this suppression in the former case and the anisotropic pressure dependence of the unit cell dimensions (as seen in the c/a ratio) prevailing in the latter case. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos Facil, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bud'ko, SL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Ribeiro, Raquel/B-9041-2012; Vogt, Thomas /A-1562-2011; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; Lee, Yongjae/K-6566-2016 OI Ribeiro, Raquel/0000-0001-6075-1701; Vogt, Thomas /0000-0002-4731-2787; NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 18 AR 184111 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.184111 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MD UT WOS:000237950300026 ER PT J AU Cao, H Li, JF Viehland, D Xu, GY AF Cao, Hu Li, Jiefang Viehland, D. Xu, Guangyong TI Fragile phase stability in (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3O3)-xPbTiO(3) crystals: A comparison of [001] and [110] field-cooled phase diagrams SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MONOCLINIC PHASE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; POLARIZATION ROTATION AB Phase diagrams of [001] and [110] field-cooled (FC) (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3O3)-xPbTiO(3) or PMN-xPT (0.15 <= x <= 0.38) crystals have been constructed, based on high-resolution x-ray diffraction data. Comparisons reveal several interesting findings. First, a region of abnormal thermal expansion (c not equal a) above the dielectric maximum was found, whose stability range extended to higher temperatures on application of electric field (E). Second, the rhombohedral (R) phase of the zero-field-cooled (ZFC) state was replaced by monoclinic M-A in the [001] FC diagram, but with monoclinic M-B in the [110] FC. Third, the monoclinic M-C phase in the ZFC and [001] FC diagram was replaced by an orthorhombic (O) phase in the [110] FC diagram. Finally, in the [001] FC diagram, the phase boundary between tetragonal (T) and M-A phases was extended to lower PT content (x=0.25); whereas in the [110] FC diagram, this extended region was entirely replaced by the O phase. These results clearly demonstrate that the phase stability of PMN-xPT crystals is quite fragile-depending not only on modest changes in E, but also on the direction along which E is applied. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Sci, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Cao, H (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010 OI Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275 NR 31 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 18 AR 184110 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.184110 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MD UT WOS:000237950300025 ER PT J AU Cartoixa, X Wang, LW Ting, DZY Chang, YC AF Cartoixa, X. Wang, L. -W. Ting, D. Z. -Y. Chang, Y. -C. TI Higher-order contributions to Rashba and Dresselhaus effects SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GASB QUANTUM-WELLS; SPIN RELAXATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; INVERSION ASYMMETRY; GALLIUM ANTIMONIDE; HOLE TRANSPORT; SURFACE-STATES; SEMICONDUCTORS; SUPERLATTICES; HETEROSTRUCTURES AB We have developed a method to systematically compute the form of Rashba- and Dresselhaus-like contributions to the spin Hamiltonian of heterostructures to an arbitrary order in the in-plane wave vector k(parallel to). This is achieved by using the double-group representations to construct general symmetry-allowed Hamiltonians with full spin-orbit effects within the tight-binding formalism. We have computed full-zone spin Hamiltonians for [001]-, [110]-, and [111]-grown zinc-blende heterostructures (D-2d,C-4v,C-2v,C-3v point-group symmetries), which are commonly used in spintronics. After an expansion of the Hamiltonian up to third order in k(parallel to), we are able to obtain additional terms not found previously. The present method also provides the matrix elements for bulk zinc blendes (T-d) in the anion-cation and effective bond orbital model (EBOM) basis sets with full spin-orbit effects. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Engn Electron, Barcelona 08193, Spain. CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Cartoixa, X (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Xavier.Cartoixa@uab.es RI Chang, Yia-Chung/F-4239-2011 NR 60 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 20 AR 205341 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.205341 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MF UT WOS:000237950500077 ER PT J AU Castellan, JP Gaulin, BD Dabkowska, HA Nabialek, A Gu, G Liu, X Islam, Z AF Castellan, J. P. Gaulin, B. D. Dabkowska, H. A. Nabialek, A. Gu, G. Liu, X. Islam, Z. TI Two- and three-dimensional incommensurate modulation in optimally-doped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTOR; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; CUO2 PLANE; NEUTRON; SR; SCATTERING; MODELS AB X-ray scattering measurements on optimally doped single crystal samples of the high-temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta reveal the presence of three distinct incommensurate charge modulations, each involving a roughly fivefold increase in the unit cell dimension along the b direction. The strongest scattering comes from the well known (H, K +/- 0.21, L) modulation and its harmonics. However, we also observe broad diffraction which peak up at the L values complementary to those which characterize the known modulated structure. These diffraction features correspond to correlation lengths of roughly a unit cell dimension, xi(c)similar to 20 A in the c direction, and of xi(b)similar to 185 A parallel to the incommensurate wave vector. We interpret these features as arising from three-dimensional incommensurate domains and the interfaces between them, respectively. In addition we investigate the recently discovered incommensurate modulations which peak up at (1/2, K +/- 0.21, L) and related wave vectors. Here we explicitly study the L dependence of this scattering and see that these charge modulations are two dimensional in nature with weak correlations on the scale of a bilayer thickness, and that they correspond to short-range, isotropic correlation lengths within the basal plane. We relate these new incommensurate modulations to the electronic nanostructure observed in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta using STM topography. C1 McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Castellan, JP (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. RI Castellan, John-Paul/D-1569-2009; Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009; Nabialek, Adam/S-5222-2016 NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 17 AR 174505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.174505 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MC UT WOS:000237950200101 ER PT J AU Choi, Y Haskel, D Cady, A Lang, JC Lee, DR Srajer, G Jiang, JS Bader, SD AF Choi, Y. Haskel, D. Cady, A. Lang, J. C. Lee, D. R. Srajer, G. Jiang, J. S. Bader, S. D. TI Twisted magnetization states near the compensation temperature of Fe/Gd multilayers: Anisotropy and surface-termination effects SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN-FLOP TRANSITION; POLARIZED X-RAYS; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; GD/FE MULTILAYERS; SCATTERING; SUPERLATTICES; MAGNETORESISTANCE; TRANSMISSION; REFLECTION AB Inhomogeneous magnetization depth profiles in antiferromagnetically coupled Fe/Gd multilayers are investigated using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements. Spin configurations are studied as a function of temperature and applied field on two multilayers with different termination layers. We place particular emphasis on the vicinity of the ferrimagnetic compensation temperature (T-Comp), where the Gd and Fe magnetizations are equal but opposite. While away from T-Comp the spin configurations are dictated by the presence of surface- and bulk-twisted states, unusual field dependence is observed near T-Comp. We used micromagnetic simulations to show that the unusual observed phenomena near T-Comp are due to a small uniaxial anisotropy in the Fe layers, whose influence on the spin configurations becomes apparent only near T-Comp. The simulations also show the onset of the surface- and bulk-twisted phases at temperatures below and above T-Comp in agreement with the experimental XMCD data. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Choi, Y (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013 NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 17 AR 174401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.174401 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MC UT WOS:000237950200063 ER PT J AU Drummond, ML Sumpter, BG Shelton, WA Larese, JZ AF Drummond, Michael L. Sumpter, Bobby G. Shelton, William A. Larese, J. Z. TI Density functional investigation of the adsorption of a methane monolayer on an MgO(100) surface SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; BRILLOUIN-ZONE INTEGRATIONS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MAGNESIUM-OXIDE; MGO SURFACES; BASIS-SET; APPROXIMATION; CH4 AB The adsorption of a monolayer of methane upon the (100) surface of MgO was studied using a first-principles-based density functional approach employing a plane-wave basis set and periodic boundary conditions. Adsorption at both magnesium and oxygen sites was investigated, as were methane orientations where one, two, or three hydrogen atoms point toward the surface plane. In addition, the effect of one methane molecule on its neighbors was investigated by considering arrangements where translational symmetry across the surface was accompanied by appropriate rotations of the methane molecule. The minimum-energy configuration has the methane molecules located directly above a surface magnesium atom, the principal axis of the C-2v molecule is normal to the surface plane, and pairs of hydrogen atoms are oriented along the lattice lines that include adjacent (surface) oxygen atoms. Furthermore, neighboring methane molecules are rotated by 90 degrees to reduce the H-H steric interactions. This arrangement has direct ramifications for the stability of other proposed, similar arrangements. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Drummond, ML (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013 OI Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355 NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 19 AR 195313 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.195313 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048ME UT WOS:000237950400081 ER PT J AU Dunsiger, SR Kiefl, RF Chakhalian, JA Greedan, JE MacFarlane, WA Miller, RI Morris, GD Price, AN Raju, NP Sonier, JE AF Dunsiger, S. R. Kiefl, R. F. Chakhalian, J. A. Greedan, J. E. MacFarlane, W. A. Miller, R. I. Morris, G. D. Price, A. N. Raju, N. P. Sonier, J. E. TI Magnetic field dependence of muon spin relaxation in geometrically frustrated Gd2Ti2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ISING PYROCHLORE MAGNETS; HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; DIPOLAR INTERACTIONS; LATTICE; ORDER; ICE; FLUCTUATIONS; DISORDER; TB2TI2O7; LIQUID AB Muon spin relaxation has been investigated in the geometrically frustrated antiferromagnet Gd2Ti2O7 as a function of magnetic field and temperature. Well above the magnetic ordering temperature of T-c=1 K, the field dependence of the muon spin relaxation rate (T-1(-1)) originates from field-induced changes in the spectral density of Gd fluctuations. This allows one to determine both the autocorrelation time and magnitude of the fluctuating local magnetic field at the muon. Well below T-c a coherent precession signal is observed, corresponding to a much smaller quasistatic local magnetic field. At low temperatures T-1(-1) levels off, at a constant value which is much larger than reported recently for a single crystal of Gd2Ti2O7 [Yaouanc , Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 047203 (2005)]. A magnetic field of 2 T completely quenches the low-temperature spin relaxation in the present sample. These results indicate that the ordered state is characterized by low-frequency dynamics which are most likely due to residual crystalline disorder. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST10, MS K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Max Planck Inst Solid State Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. McMaster Univ, Dept Chem, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Dunsiger, SR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST10, MS K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Chakhalian, Jak/F-2274-2015 NR 37 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 17 AR 172418 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.172418 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MC UT WOS:000237950200025 ER PT J AU Ehlers, G Gardner, JS Booth, CH Daniel, M Kam, KC Cheetham, AK Antonio, D Brooks, HE Cornelius, AL Bramwell, ST Lago, J Haussler, W Rosov, N AF Ehlers, G. Gardner, J. S. Booth, C. H. Daniel, M. Kam, K. C. Cheetham, A. K. Antonio, D. Brooks, H. E. Cornelius, A. L. Bramwell, S. T. Lago, J. Haeussler, W. Rosov, N. TI Dynamics of diluted Ho spin ice Ho2-xYxTi2O7 studied by neutron spin echo spectroscopy and ac susceptibility SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-FIELD; PYROCHLORE; HO2TI2O7; ENTROPY AB We have studied the spin relaxation in diluted spin ice Ho2-xYxTi2O7 by means of neutron spin echo spectroscopy and ac susceptibility measurements. Remarkably, the geometrical frustration is not relieved by doping with nonmagnetic Y, and the dynamics of the freezing is unaltered in the spin echo time window up to x >= 1.6. At higher doping with nonmagnetic Y (x similar or equal to 1.6) a new relaxation process at relatively high temperature (up to at least T similar or equal to 55 K) appears which is more than 10 times faster than the thermally activated main relaxation process. We find evidence that over the whole range of composition all Ho spins participate in the dynamics. These results are compared to ac susceptibility measurements of the diluted Ho and Dy spin ice systems, which show that at low temperature the Arrhenius behavior is masked by another dynamical process with little temperature dependence. X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra and x-ray diffraction show that the samples are structurally well ordered. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SNS Project, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. UCL, Dept Chem, London WC1H 0AJ, England. FRM II, D-85747 Garching, Germany. RP Ehlers, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SNS Project, Bldg 8600, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Booth, Corwin/A-7877-2008; Cornelius, Andrew/A-9837-2008; Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; Ehlers, Georg/B-5412-2008; lago, jorge/G-1491-2016 OI Ehlers, Georg/0000-0003-3513-508X; lago, jorge/0000-0002-4224-720X NR 34 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 17 AR 174429 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.174429 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MC UT WOS:000237950200091 ER PT J AU Fahnle, M Singer, R Steiauf, D Antropov, VP AF Fahnle, M Singer, R Steiauf, D Antropov, VP TI Role of nonequilibrium conduction electrons on the magnetization dynamics of ferromagnets in the s-d model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID APPROXIMATION; ACCURATE; SYSTEMS; ENERGY AB In the literature on the s-d model for the magnetization dynamics in systems without and with spin-polarized transport currents, it is generally assumed that the adiabatic part of the s-electron magnetization is everywhere parallel to the d-electron magnetization. We present model calculations within the ab initio spin-density functional theory which suggest that this assumption is not valid for systems with strongly noncollinear magnetization configurations. C1 Max Planck Inst Met Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Fahnle, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Met Res, Heisenbergstr 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM faehnle@mf.mpg.de NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 17 AR 172408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.172408 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MC UT WOS:000237950200015 ER PT J AU Gokkavas, M Guven, K Bulu, I Aydin, K Penciu, RS Kafesaki, M Soukoulis, CM Ozbay, E AF Gokkavas, M Guven, K Bulu, I Aydin, K Penciu, RS Kafesaki, M Soukoulis, CM Ozbay, E TI Experimental demonstration of a left-handed metamaterial operating at 100 GHz SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPLIT-RING RESONATORS; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; REFRACTION AB The existence of a left-handed (LH) transmission band in a bulk composite metamaterial (CMM) around 100 GHz is demonstrated experimentally. The CMM consists of stacked planar glass layers on which periodic patterns of micron-scale metallic wires and split-ring resonators are fabricated. The LH nature of the CMM band is proved by comparing the transmission spectra of individual CMM components. Theoretical investigation of the CMM by transmission simulations and an inversion scheme for the retrieval of the effective permeability and permittivity functions supports the existence of LH behavior. C1 Bilkent Univ, Nanotechnol Res Ctr, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey. Bilkent Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey. Bilkent Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey. Univ Crete, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Rethimnon, Greece. US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gokkavas, M (reprint author), Bilkent Univ, Nanotechnol Res Ctr, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey. EM mgokkavas@fen.bilkent.edu.tr RI bulu, irfan/E-5250-2011; Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008; Ozbay, Ekmel/B-9495-2008; Aydin, Koray/D-5100-2009; Aydin, Koray/G-2537-2011; Kafesaki, Maria/E-6843-2012 OI Aydin, Koray/0000-0002-3268-2216; Kafesaki, Maria/0000-0002-9524-2576 NR 18 TC 82 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 19 AR 193103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.193103 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048ME UT WOS:000237950400003 ER PT J AU Guo, JD Mo, Y Kaxiras, E Zhang, ZY Weitering, HH AF Guo, JD Mo, Y Kaxiras, E Zhang, ZY Weitering, HH TI Formation of monatomic Fe chains on vicinal Cu(111) surfaces: An atomistic view SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; THIN-FILMS; FERROMAGNETISM; MAGNETISM; DYNAMICS; CU(100); GROWTH; ENERGY; STEP; WAVE AB Uniform arrays of monatomic Fe chains are realized on a vicinal Cu(111) surface with a regular step array. Deposited Fe atoms are first embedded into the flat Cu(111) terrace at precisely one-atom distance away from the upper edge of a monatomic surface step. The resulting Fe wires, in turn, serve as one-dimensional nucleation lines for the formation of monatomic Fe chains along the upper edges of the steps. The present results, obtained by scanning tunneling microscopy and interpreted with first-principles calculations, unambiguously establish the essential role of embedded Fe atoms as a precursor to monatomic wire growth. The Fe wires present an ideal testing ground for exploring ferromagnetism in the one-dimensional limit. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guo, JD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Guo, Jiandong/F-2081-2015 OI Guo, Jiandong/0000-0002-7893-022X NR 29 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 19 AR 193405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.193405 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048ME UT WOS:000237950400029 ER PT J AU Hennig, RG Majzoub, EH Kelton, KF AF Hennig, R. G. Majzoub, E. H. Kelton, K. F. TI Location and energy of interstitial hydrogen in the 1/1 approximant W-TiZrNi of the icosahedral TiZrNi quasicrystal: Rietveld refinement of x-ray and neutron diffraction data and density-functional calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TI-ZR-NI; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CHEMICAL-BINDING; ALLOYS; SYSTEMS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; TRANSITION; STORAGE; METALS AB We present a determination of hydrogen sites in the 1/1 approximant structure of the icosahedral TiZrNi quasicrystal. A Rietveld refinement of neutron and x-ray diffraction data determines the locations of interstitial hydrogen atoms. Density-functional methods calculate the energy of hydrogen on all possible interstitial sites. The Rietveld refinement shows that the hydrogen atoms are preferentially located in the two lowest-energy sites. The filling of the remaining hydrogen sites is dominated by the repulsive hydrogen-hydrogen interaction at short distances. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hennig, RG (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Hennig, Richard/A-2978-2008 OI Hennig, Richard/0000-0003-4933-7686 NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 18 AR 184205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.184205 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MD UT WOS:000237950300047 ER PT J AU Jin, R Sha, H Khalifah, PG Sykora, RE Sales, BC Mandrus, D Zhang, JD AF Jin, R Sha, H Khalifah, PG Sykora, RE Sales, BC Mandrus, D Zhang, JD TI Ba2CoO4: Crystal growth, structure refinement, and physical properties SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB Single-crystalline Ba2CoO4 was grown using the floating-zone technique. Single-crystal refinement of x-ray diffraction data indicates that Ba2CoO4 has a monoclinic structure with a=5.9176(13) angstrom, b=7.6192(16) angstrom, c=10.3790(22) angstrom, and beta=91.734(4)degrees at room temperature. Magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, and thermal conductivity show anomalies at T-N=25 K, due to antiferromagnetic ordering. However, the magnitude of the Neel temperature T-N is significantly lower than the Curie-Weiss temperature (parallel to theta parallel to approximate to 110 K), suggesting either reduced-dimensional magnetic interactions and/or the existence of magnetic frustration. The latter may be induced by disorder evident from the variable-range-hopping behavior in the electrical resistivity, nonzero T term in the specific heat, and T-2 dependence in the thermal conductivity at low temperatures. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Phys, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ S Alabama, Dept Chem, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. RP Jin, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jinr@ornl.gov RI Sha, Hao/D-8107-2011; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014 NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 17 AR 174404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.174404 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MC UT WOS:000237950200066 ER PT J AU Kaminski, A Rosenkranz, S Fretwell, HM Norman, MR Randeria, M Campuzano, JC Park, JM Li, ZZ Raffy, H AF Kaminski, A. Rosenkranz, S. Fretwell, H. M. Norman, M. R. Randeria, M. Campuzano, J. C. Park, J. -M. Li, Z. Z. Raffy, H. TI Change of Fermi-surface topology in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta with doping SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SUPERCONDUCTORS; DEPENDENCE; BAND; DISPERSION; PSEUDOGAP; ABSENCE AB We report the observation of a change in Fermi-surface topology of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta with doping. By collecting high-statistics angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy data from moderately and highly overdoped samples and dividing the data by the Fermi function, we answer a long-standing question about the Fermi-surface shape of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta close to the (pi,0) point. For moderately overdoped samples (T-c=80 K) we find that both the bonding and antibonding sheets of the Fermi surface are hole like, but for a doping level corresponding to T-c=55 K we find that the antibonding sheet becomes electron like. Similar observations of a topology change were observed in La2-xSrxCuO4 and in Bi2Sr2CuO6+delta. On the other hand, whereas this critical doping value in single-layer materials corresponds to a T-c near zero, it occurs at a smaller doping value in the double-layer case where T-c is still quite high (the difference in doping levels is due to the bilayer splitting). This argues against a van Hove singularity scenario for cuprate superconductivity. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Paris 11, Phys Solides Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Kaminski, A (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Norman, Michael/C-3644-2013; Rosenkranz, Stephan/E-4672-2011 OI Rosenkranz, Stephan/0000-0002-5659-0383 NR 22 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 17 AR 174511 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.174511 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MC UT WOS:000237950200107 ER PT J AU Kuskovsky, IL Gu, Y Gong, Y Yan, HF Lau, J Noyan, IC Neumark, GF Maksimov, O Zhou, X Tamargo, MC Volkov, V Zhu, Y Wang, L AF Kuskovsky, Igor L. Gu, Y. Gong, Y. Yan, H. F. Lau, J. Noyan, I. C. Neumark, G. F. Maksimov, O. Zhou, X. Tamargo, M. C. Volkov, V. Zhu, Y. Wang, L. TI Mechanism for increasing dopant incorporation in semiconductors via doped nanostructures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; DELTA-DOPING TECHNIQUE; P-TYPE ZNSE; NITROGEN; ZNTE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; ENHANCEMENT; TRANSPORT; ACCEPTOR; FILMS AB A long-standing problem for ZnSe (and related alloys) has been to obtain good p-type doping. Recent work has given about an order-of-magnitude improvement in such doping by use of Te as a "codopant" to facilitate the introduction of an acceptor dopant (N), since it is known that p-ZnTe can be obtained quite readily; the Te was introduced in submonolayer quantities via planar (delta) doping during molecular beam epitaxy. Here, we examine the mechanism of this improved doping. We show that it resides in the formation of ZnTe-rich nanoislands, with the N embedded in these. This result is obtained by studies involving transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution x-ray diffraction, secondary-ion mass spectroscopy, and temperature quenching of photoluminescence. We note that these nanoislands appear quite unique, in providing doping of semiconductors, and thus are of great interest of their own. C1 CUNY Queens Coll, Dept Phys, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10036 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Charles Evans & Assoc, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. RP Kuskovsky, IL (reprint author), CUNY Queens Coll, Dept Phys, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. EM Igor_Kuskovsky@qc.edu RI Yan, Hanfei/F-7993-2011; Volkov, Vyacheslav/D-9786-2016 OI Yan, Hanfei/0000-0001-6824-0367; NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 19 AR 195306 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.195306 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048ME UT WOS:000237950400074 ER PT J AU Lazicki, A Yoo, CS Evans, WJ Pickett, WE AF Lazicki, A. Yoo, C. -S. Evans, W. J. Pickett, W. E. TI Pressure-induced antifluorite-to-anticotunnite phase transition in lithium oxide SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; ICE; LI2O AB Using synchrotron angle-dispersive x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy on samples of Li2O pressurized in a diamond anvil cell, we observed a reversible phase change from the cubic antifluorite (alpha, Fm-3m) to orthorhombic anticotunnite (beta, Pnma) phase at 50(+/- 5) GPa at ambient temperature. This transition is accompanied by a relatively large volume collapse of 5.4 (+/- 0.8)% and large hysteresis upon pressure reversal (P-down at similar to 25 GPa). Contrary to a recent study, our data suggest that the high-pressure beta-phase (B-o=188 +/- 12 GPa) is substantially stiffer than the low-pressure alpha-phase (B-o=90 +/- 1 GPa). A relatively strong and pressure-dependent preferred orientation in beta-Li2O is observed. The present result is in accordance with the systematic behavior of antifluorite-to-anticotunnite phase transitions occurring in the alkali-metal sulfides. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lazicki, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 28 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 18 AR 184120 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.184120 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MD UT WOS:000237950300035 ER PT J AU Li, YL Choudhury, S Haeni, JH Biegalski, MD Vasudevarao, A Sharan, A Ma, HZ Levy, J Gopalan, V Trolier-McKinstry, S Schlom, DG Jia, QX Chen, LQ AF Li, Y. L. Choudhury, S. Haeni, J. H. Biegalski, M. D. Vasudevarao, A. Sharan, A. Ma, H. Z. Levy, J. Gopalan, Venkatraman Trolier-McKinstry, S. Schlom, D. G. Jia, Q. X. Chen, L. Q. TI Phase transitions and domain structures in strained pseudocubic (100) SrTiO3 thin films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION MEASUREMENTS; SOFT PHONON MODES; STRONTIUM-TITANATE; INDUCED FERROELECTRICITY; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; RAMAN SCATTERING; SUBSTRATE; DYNAMICS; STRESS AB The mutual interactions between a structural transition and a ferroelectric transition are analyzed for different strain states in a pseudocubic (100) SrTiO3 film by examining the equilibrium solutions of the total free energy as a function of polarization, strain and structural order parameter. The range of possible ferroelectric transition temperatures and the possible ferroelectric states of a strained SrTiO3 film are determined with respect to the variation in the reported properties of bulk SrTiO3 single crystals. The ferroelectric and structural domain morphologies at a biaxial tensile strain e(0)=0.94% were predicted using phase-field simulations. It is shown that variations in the reported values of bulk properties and in the Landau energy coefficients from different literature sources lead not only to a wide range of possible transition temperatures at a given strain, but also to different ferroelectric states (e.g., polarization along the pseudocubic < 110 > vs < 100 > directions) thus different domain structures under a biaxial tensile strain. Both optical second harmonic generation and confocal scanning optical microscopy measurements demonstrate that the domain states in SrTiO3 films strained at e(0)=0.94% and 1.16% exhibit polar directions along the pseudocubic < 110 > directions within the pseudocubic (001) plane of the film. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST STC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Li, YL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM yulan@lanl.gov RI Choudhury, Samrat/B-4115-2009; Levy, Jeremy/A-2081-2009; Chen, LongQing/I-7536-2012; Schlom, Darrell/J-2412-2013; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; OI Levy, Jeremy/0000-0002-5700-2977; Chen, LongQing/0000-0003-3359-3781; Schlom, Darrell/0000-0003-2493-6113; Trolier-McKinstry, Susan/0000-0002-7267-9281 NR 41 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 49 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 18 AR 184112 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.184112 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MD UT WOS:000237950300027 ER PT J AU Lyo, SK AF Lyo, S. K. TI Exciton energy transfer between asymmetric quantum wires: Effect of transfer to an array of wires SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID WELLS AB We study the Stokes exciton transfer rate from a narrow quantum wire (QWR) to a parallel wide QWR separated by a wide barrier and also to a planar array of parallel wide QWRs. The transfer rate is calculated as a function of the distance d between the narrow QWR and the wide QWR and also the array. The dependence of the rate on the temperature and the localization radius is studied for free and localized excitons, respectively. Both the resonant and nonresonant rates are considered. We find that, for energy transfer between two QWRs, the Forster dipole-dipole transfer dominates the transfer rate at short and intermediate distances. The photon-exchange transfer prevails only at an extremely long distance where the rate is negligibly small. This behavior is in contrast with the two-dimensional quantum wells, where the photon-exchange mechanism is dominant except at a very short distance. However, for the energy transfer to an array of QWRs, the photon-exchange transfer rate continues to increase as the array size grows to a macroscopic scale due to its slow range dependence while the dipolar rate saturates quickly with the array size. As a result, the photon-exchange transfer can become dominant in a system consisting of stacks of QWRs or arrays distributed over a wide range. The prediction of the theory is consistent with recent data from V-groove GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs double quantum wires. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Taejon, South Korea. RP Lyo, SK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 20 AR 205322 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.205322 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MF UT WOS:000237950500058 ER PT J AU Lyo, SK Huang, DH AF Lyo, SK Huang, DH TI Effect of electron-electron scattering on the conductance of a quantum wire studied with the Boltzman transport equation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID IMPURITY-LIMITED MOBILITY; SEMICONDUCTORS; CHANNELS; SYSTEMS AB Electron-electron scattering conserves total momentum and does not dissipate momentum directly in a low-density system where the umklapp process is forbidden. However, it can still affect the conductance through the energy relaxation of the electrons. We show here that this effect can be studied with arbitrary accuracy in a multisublevel one-dimensional (1D) single quantum wire system in the presence of roughness and phonon scattering using a formally exact solution of the Boltzmann transport equation. The intrasubband electron-electron scattering is found to yield no net effect on the transport of electrons in 1D with only one sublevel occupied. For a system with a multilevel occupation, however, we find a significant effect of intersublevel electron-electron scattering on the temperature and density dependence of the resistance at low temperatures. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. AFRL VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lyo, SK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 20 AR 205336 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.205336 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MF UT WOS:000237950500072 ER PT J AU Martin, I Galperin, YM AF Martin, I. Galperin, Y. M. TI Loss of quantum coherence due to nonstationary glass fluctuations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURES; STATES; SOLIDS; NOISE; HEAT AB Low-temperature dynamics of insulating glasses is dominated by a macroscopic concentration of tunneling two-level systems (TTLS). The distribution of the switching/relaxation rates of TTLS is exponentially broad, which results in a nonequilibrium state of the glass at arbitrarily long time scales. Due to the electric dipolar nature, the switching TTLS generate fluctuating electromagnetic fields. We study the effect of the nonthermal slow fluctuators on the dephasing of a solid-state qubit. We find that at low enough temperatures nonstationary contribution can dominate the stationary (thermal) one, and we discuss how this effect can be minimized. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Univ Oslo, Ctr Adv Mat & Nanotechnol, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RP Martin, I (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Galperin, Yuri/A-1851-2008 OI Galperin, Yuri/0000-0001-7281-9902 NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 18 AR 180201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.180201 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MD UT WOS:000237950300003 ER PT J AU Mattsson, AE Armiento, R Schultz, PA Mattsson, TR AF Mattsson, Ann E. Armiento, Rickard Schultz, Peter A. Mattsson, Thomas R. TI Nonequivalence of the generalized gradient approximations PBE and PW91 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL APPROXIMATIONS; INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ELECTRON-GAS; ULTRASOFT PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; ENERGY; ACCURATE; SURFACES; SYSTEMS; TRANSITION; EXCHANGE AB Two of the most popular generalized gradient approximations used in the applications of the density functional theory, PW91 and PBE, are generally regarded as essentially equivalent. They produce similar numerical results for many simple properties, such as lattice constants, bulk moduli, and atomization energies. We examine more complex properties of systems with electronic surface regions, with the specific application of the monovacancy formation energies of Pt and Al. A surprisingly large and consistent discrepancy between PBE and PW91 results is obtained. This shows that despite similarities found between some simple material properties, PBE and PW91 are not equivalent. The differences obtained for the monovacancy formation energies are related to differences in surface intrinsic errors which are substantiated using the idealized, well-controlled, jellium surface model. In view of the differences obtained with the PW91 and PBE functionals we develop separate surface intrinsic error corrections for these and revisit some earlier results. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Multiscale Computat Mat Methods, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Sandia Natl Labs, HEDP Theory, ICF Target Design, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mattsson, AE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Multiscale Computat Mat Methods, MS 1110, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM aematts@sandia.gov; armiento@mailaps.org; paschul@sandia.gov; trmatts@sandia.gov RI Mattsson, Thomas/B-6057-2009; Armiento, Rickard/E-1413-2011 OI Armiento, Rickard/0000-0002-5571-0814 NR 36 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 19 AR 195123 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.195123 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048ME UT WOS:000237950400056 ER PT J AU McQueeney, RJ Yethiraj, M Montfrooij, W Gardner, JS Metcalf, P Honig, JM AF McQueeney, R. J. Yethiraj, M. Montfrooij, W. Gardner, J. S. Metcalf, P. Honig, J. M. TI Investigation of the presence of charge order in magnetite by measurement of the spin wave spectrum SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE PHASE; VERWEY TRANSITION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; EXCHANGE CONSTANTS; FE3O4; EXCITATIONS; FERRITES; POINT AB Inelastic neutron scattering results on magnetite (Fe3O4) show a large splitting in the acoustic spin wave branch, producing a 7 meV gap midway to the Brillouin zone boundary at q=(0,0,1/2) and h omega=43 meV. The splitting occurs below the Verwey transition temperature, where a metal-insulator transition occurs simultaneously with a structural transformation, supposedly caused by the charge ordering on the iron sublattice. The wavevector (0,0,1/2) corresponds to the superlattice peak in the low symmetry structure. The dependence of the magnetic superexchange on changes in the crystal structure and ionic configurations that occur below the Verwey transition affect the spin wave dispersion. To better understand the origin of the observed splitting, several Heisenberg models intended to reproduce the pair-wise variation of the magnetic superexchange arising from both small crystalline distortions and charge ordering were studied. None of the models studied predicts the observed splitting, whose origin may arise from charge-density wave formation or magnetoelastic coupling. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Neutron Scattering, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP McQueeney, RJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mcqueeney@ameslab.gov RI Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; McQueeney, Robert/A-2864-2016 OI McQueeney, Robert/0000-0003-0718-5602 NR 51 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 17 AR 174409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.174409 PG 16 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MC UT WOS:000237950200071 ER PT J AU Morosan, E Bud'ko, SL Mozharivskyj, YA Canfield, PC AF Morosan, E Bud'ko, SL Mozharivskyj, YA Canfield, PC TI Magnetic-field-induced quantum critical point in YbPtIn and YbPt0.98In single crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HEAVY; TRANSITION; BEHAVIOR; YBRH2SI2 AB Detailed anisotropic (H parallel to ab and H parallel to c) resistivity and specific heat measurements were performed on on-line-grown YbPtIn and solution-grown YbPt0.98In single crystals for temperatures down to 0.4 K and fields up to 140 kG; H parallel to ab Hall resistivity was also measured on the YbPt0.98In system for the same temperature and field ranges. All these measurements indicate that the small change in stoichiometry between the two compounds drastically affects their ordering temperatures (T-ord approximate to 3.4 K in YbPtIn and similar to 2.2 K in YbPt0.98In). Furthermore, a field-induced quantum critical point is apparent in each of these heavy fermion systems, with the corresponding critical field values of YbPt0.98In (H-c(ab) around 35-45 kG and H-c(c)approximate to 120 kG) also reduced compared to the analogous values for YbPtIn (H-c(ab)approximate to 60 kG and H-c(c)>140 kG). C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Morosan, E (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 17 AR 174432 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.174432 PG 17 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MC UT WOS:000237950200094 ER PT J AU Popescu, F Sen, C Dagotto, E AF Popescu, F. Sen, C. Dagotto, E. TI Dynamical mean-field study of the ferromagnetic transition temperature of a two-band model for colossal magnetoresistance materials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-EXCHANGE; MANGANITES AB The ferromagnetic transition temperature (T-C) of a two-band double-exchange (DE) model for colossal magnetoresistance materials is studied using dynamical mean-field theory in wide ranges of coupling constants, hopping parameters, and carrier densities. The results are shown to be in good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations. When the bands overlap, the value of T-C is found to be much larger than in the one-band case, for all values of the chemical potential within the energy overlap interval. A nonzero off-diagonal hopping produces an additional boost of T-C, showing the importance of these terms, as well as the concomitant use of multiband models, to increase the critical temperatures in DE-based theories. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Popescu, F (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 18 AR 180404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.180404 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MD UT WOS:000237950300009 ER PT J AU Procissi, D Lascialfari, A Micotti, E Bertassi, M Carretta, P Furukawa, Y Kogerler, P AF Procissi, D. Lascialfari, A. Micotti, E. Bertassi, M. Carretta, P. Furukawa, Y. Kogerler, P. TI Low-energy excitations in the S=1/2 molecular nanomagnet K-6[(V15As6O42)-As-IV(H2O)]center dot 8H(2)O from proton NMR and mu SR SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RELAXATION; HIGH-SPIN MOLECULES; CLUSTER V-15; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; DYNAMICS; H-1-NMR; PHASE AB Zero- and longitudinal-field muon-spin-rotation (mu SR) and H-1 NMR measurements on the S=1/2 molecular nanomagnet K-6[(V15As6O42)-As-IV(H2O)](.)8H(2)O are presented. In LF experiments, the muon asymmetry P(t) was fitted by the sum of three different exponential components with fixed weights. The different muon relaxation rates lambda(i) (i=1,2,3) and the low-field H=0.23 T H-1 NMR spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/T-1 show a similar behavior for T > 50 K: starting from room temperature they increase as the temperature is decreased. The increase of lambda(i) and 1/T-1 can be attributed to the "condensation" of the system toward the lowest-lying energy levels. The gap Delta similar to 550 K between the first and second S=3/2 excited states was determined experimentally. For T < 2 K, the muon relaxation rates lambda(i) stay constant, independently of the field value H <= 0.15 T. The behavior for T < 2 K strongly suggests that, at low T, the spin fluctuations are not thermally driven but rather originate from quasielastic intramolecular or intermolecular magnetic interactions. We suggest that the very-low-temperature relaxation rates could be driven by energy exchanges between two almost degenerate S=1/2 ground states and/or by quantum effects. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Milan, Ist Fisiol Gen & Chim Biol, I-20134 Milan, Italy. Univ Pavia, CNR, INFM, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis A Volta, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Phys, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. RP Procissi, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Brain Imaging Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM lascialfari@fisicavolta.unipv.it RI Kogerler, Paul/H-5866-2013 OI Kogerler, Paul/0000-0001-7831-3953 NR 34 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 18 AR 184417 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.184417 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MD UT WOS:000237950300070 ER PT J AU Prozorov, R Olheiser, TA Giannetta, RW Uozato, K Tamegai, T AF Prozorov, Ruslan Olheiser, Tyson A. Giannetta, Russell W. Uozato, Kentaro Tamegai, Tsuyoshi TI Anisotropic s-wave superconductivity in CaAlSi single crystals from penetration depth measurements SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FIELD; MODEL AB In- and out-of-plane London penetration depths were measured in CaAlSi single crystals (T-c=6.2 and 7.3 K) using a tunnel-diode resonator. A full three-dimensional (3D) BCS analysis of the superfluid density is consistent with a prolate spheroidal gap, with a weak-coupling BCS value in the ab plane and stronger coupling along the c axis. The gap anisotropy was found to significantly decrease for higher T-c samples. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. RP Prozorov, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Tamegai, Tsuyoshi /C-6656-2011; Prozorov, Ruslan/A-2487-2008 OI Prozorov, Ruslan/0000-0002-8088-6096 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 18 AR 184523 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.184523 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MD UT WOS:000237950300112 ER PT J AU Pussi, K Ferralis, N Mihalkovic, M Widom, M Curtarolo, S Gierer, M Jenks, CJ Canfield, P Fisher, IR Diehl, RD AF Pussi, K Ferralis, N Mihalkovic, M Widom, M Curtarolo, S Gierer, M Jenks, CJ Canfield, P Fisher, IR Diehl, RD TI Use of periodic approximants in a dynamical LEED study of the quasicrystalline tenfold surface of decagonal Al-Ni-Co SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-ELECTRON DIFFRACTION; UNIT-CELL MODEL; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; RICH PORTION; INTENSITIES; SYMMETRY AB The determination of quasicrystal (QC) surface structures is a challenge to current surface structure techniques. Low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) is the primary technique for the determination of periodic surface structures, but application of dynamical LEED to quasicrystals requires the use of many approximations. In this study, two different approaches were used to apply dynamical LEED to the structure of the tenfold surface of decagonal Al73Ni10Co17. One method (method 1) involves the use of a quasicrystalline model along with approximations that average over the composition and local geometries. The other method (method 2) uses periodic models that approximate the actual local QC structure (approximants) in more exact, atomistic calculations. Although the results using the two methods were consistent, the results of the approximant analysis (method 2) suggested a different way to apply the approximations in method 1, resulting in a better fit between experimental and calculated beams. Thus, periodic approximant structure models can provide a simpler and more efficient method for the determination of local geometries in QC surfaces, and may also facilitate analyses using quasicrystal models. C1 Lappeenranta Univ Technol, Dept Elect Engn, FIN-53851 Lappeenranta, Finland. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Slovak Acad Sci, Bratislava 84228, Slovakia. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Mech Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Inst Crystallog & Appl Mineral, D-80333 Munich, Germany. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Pussi, K (reprint author), Lappeenranta Univ Technol, Dept Elect Engn, POB 20, FIN-53851 Lappeenranta, Finland. RI Widom, Michael/P-2531-2014 OI Widom, Michael/0000-0001-5972-5696 NR 47 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 18 AR 184203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.184203 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MD UT WOS:000237950300045 ER PT J AU Ravel, B Kim, YI Woodward, PM Fang, CM AF Ravel, B Kim, YI Woodward, PM Fang, CM TI Role of local disorder in the dielectric response of BaTaO2N SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION-FINE-STRUCTURE; FERROELECTRIC PHASE-TRANSITION; PEROVSKITES; SPECTROSCOPY; AMPLITUDE; IFEFFIT; NB AB Short-range structural disorder of the high-kappa dielectric BaTaO2N is revealed by the analysis of the extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy measured at the Ta L-III edge. Although previous neutron, x-ray, and electron diffraction studies have shown BaTaO2N to crystallize in a centrosymmetric, cubic structure, these EXAFS spectra show a wide distribution of first shell Ta-(O,N) distances with further implications to nonuniformity of the existing octahedral distortions. A distortion model based upon a density functional theory energy minimization for a 4x4x4 supercell of BaTaO2N was used to successfully interpret these EXAFS data. We find that structural distortions with very short correlation lengths exist in this material and that these distortions are consistent with the large dielectric permitivity of BaTaO2N. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Chicago, IL USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Ohio State Coll Math & Phys Sci, Columbus, OH 43202 USA. Univ Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, F-35042 Rennes, France. RP Ravel, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Chicago, IL USA. EM bravel@anl.gov RI Fang, Chang Ming/E-9213-2013; Kim, Young-il/I-9322-2014 OI Kim, Young-il/0000-0003-2755-9587 NR 26 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 18 AR 184121 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.184121 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MD UT WOS:000237950300036 ER PT J AU Regnault, LP Zheludev, A Hagiwara, M Stunault, A AF Regnault, LP Zheludev, A Hagiwara, M Stunault, A TI Low-energy excitations in the magnetized state of the bond-alternating quantum S=1 chain system Ni(C9D24N4)(NO2)ClO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; FIELD AB High-intensity inelastic neutron scattering experiments on the S=1 quasi-one-dimensional bond-alternating antiferromagnet Ni(C9D24N4)(NO2)ClO4 (NTENP) are performed in magnetic fields of up to 14.8 T. Excitation in the high field magnetized quantum spin solid (ordered) phase are investigated. In addition to the previously observed coherent long-lived gap excitation [M. Hagiwara , Phys. Rev. Lett 94, 177202 (2005)], a broad continuum is detected at lower energies. This observation is consistent with recent numerical studies, and helps explain the suppression of the lowest-energy gap mode in the magnetized state of NTENP. Yet another feature of the excitation spectrum is found at slightly higher energies, and appears to be some kind of multimagnon state. C1 CEA, DRFMC, SPSMS, MDN, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Osaka Univ, KYOKUGEN, Toyonaka, Osaka 5608531, Japan. Inst Laue Langeviin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. RP Regnault, LP (reprint author), CEA, DRFMC, SPSMS, MDN, 17 Rue Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 17 AR 174431 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.174431 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MC UT WOS:000237950200093 ER PT J AU Reichhardt, CJO Libal, A Reichhardt, C AF Reichhardt, C. J. Olson Libal, A. Reichhardt, C. TI Vortex configurations and dynamics in elliptical pinning sites for high matching fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTING FILMS; PERIODIC ARRAYS; REGULAR ARRAYS; THIN-FILMS; CRITICAL CURRENTS; MAGNETIC DIPOLES; PLASTIC-FLOW; LATTICE; DOTS; VORTICES AB Using numerical simulations we study the configurations, dynamics, and thermal depinning properties of vortex lattices interacting with elliptical pinning sites at integer matching fields with as many as 27 vortices per pin. Our pinning model is based on a recently produced experimental system [G. Karapetrov , Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 167002 (2005)], and the vortex configurations we obtain match well with experimental vortex images from the same system. We find that the strong pinning sites capture more than one vortex each and that the saturation number of vortices residing in a pin increases with applied field due to the pressure from the surrounding vortices. At high matching fields, the vortices in the interstitial regions form a disordered triangular lattice. We measure the depinning thresholds for both the x and y directions, and find distinctive dynamical responses along with highly anisotropic thresholds. For thermal depinning of the vortex configurations under zero applied current, we find multistep thermal depinning transitions in which the interstitial vortices begin to diffuse at a much lower temperature than the pinned vortices. We associate this with signatures in the specific heat. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Reichhardt, CJO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Reichhardt, Cynthia/0000-0002-3487-5089; Libal, Andras/0000-0002-9850-9264 NR 49 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 18 AR 184519 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.184519 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MD UT WOS:000237950300108 ER PT J AU Singh, GK Golovin, AA Aranson, IS AF Singh, G. K. Golovin, A. A. Aranson, I. S. TI Formation of self-organized nanoscale porous structures in anodic aluminum oxide SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HEXAGONAL PORE ARRAYS; FREE SOLID FILMS; MORPHOLOGICAL INSTABILITY; ELECTROLYTE INTERFACE; INTERPORE DISTANCE; GROWTH; STABILITY; EQUILIBRIUM; ANODIZATION; FABRICATION AB A theory of the spontaneous formation of nanoscale porous structures in aluminum oxide films growing during aluminum anodization is presented. The main elements of this theory are the Butler-Volmer relation describing the exponential dependence of the current on the overpotential and the dependence of the activation energies of the oxide-electrolyte interfacial reactions on the Laplace pressure and the elastic stress in the oxide layer. Two cases are considered, distinguished by whether the elastic stress dependence is significant or not. In the case when the effect of elastic stress is negligible, a linear stability analysis predicts a long-wave instability resulting from the field-assisted dissolution reaction; its competition with the stabilizing effect of the Laplace pressure due to the surface energy provides the wavelength selection mechanism. A weakly nonlinear analysis near the instability threshold reveals that the nonlinear dynamics of the interface perturbations is governed by the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation. The spatiotemporally chaotic solutions of this equation can explain the formation of spatially irregular pore arrays that are observed in experiments. In the case when the effect of elastic stress in the oxide layer is significant we show that the instability can transform from the long-wave type to the short-wave type. A weakly nonlinear analysis of the short-wave instability shows that it leads to the growth of spatially regular, hexagonally ordered pore arrays, as observed experimentally. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Appl Math, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Singh, GK (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Appl Math, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Golovin, Alexander/B-7355-2009; Aranson, Igor/I-4060-2013 NR 49 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 6 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 20 AR 205422 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.205422 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MF UT WOS:000237950500105 ER PT J AU Slezak, C Macridin, A Sawatzky, GA Jarrell, M Maier, TA AF Slezak, C Macridin, A Sawatzky, GA Jarrell, M Maier, TA TI Spectral properties of Holstein and breathing polarons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-PHONON SYSTEM; QUANTUM MONTE-CARLO; SINGLE HOLE; T-C; MODEL; SUPERCONDUCTORS; DISPERSION AB We calculate the spectral properties of the one-dimensional Holstein and breathing polarons using the self-consistent Born approximation. The Holstein model electron-phonon coupling is momentum independent while the breathing coupling increases monotonically with the phonon momentum. We find that for a linear or tight binding electron dispersion: (i) for the same value of the dimensionless coupling the quasiparticle renormalization at small momentum in the breathing polaron is much smaller, (ii) the quasiparticle renormalization at small momentum in the breathing polaron increases with phonon frequency unlike in the Holstein model where it decreases, and (iii) in the Holstein model the quasiparticle dispersion displays a kink and a small gap at an excitation energy equal to the phonon frequency omega(0) while in the breathing model it displays two gaps, one at excitation energy omega(0) and another one at 2 omega(0). These differences have two reasons: first, the momentum of the relevant scattered phonons increases with increasing polaron momentum and second, the breathing bare coupling is an increasing function of the phonon momentum. These result in an effective electron-phonon coupling for the breathing model which is an increasing function of the total polaron momentum, such that the small momentum polaron is in the weak coupling regime while the large momentum one is in the strong coupling regime. However, the first reason does not hold if the free electron dispersion has low energy states separated by large momentum, as in a higher dimensional system, for example, in this situation the difference between the two models becomes less significant. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Slezak, C (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RI Sawatzky, George/D-2997-2012; Maier, Thomas/F-6759-2012 OI Maier, Thomas/0000-0002-1424-9996 NR 42 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 20 AR 205122 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.205122 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MF UT WOS:000237950500029 ER PT J AU Stone, MB Lumsden, MD Jin, R Sales, BC Mandrus, D Nagler, SE Qiu, Y AF Stone, M. B. Lumsden, M. D. Jin, R. Sales, B. C. Mandrus, D. Nagler, S. E. Qiu, Y. TI Temperature-dependent bilayer ferromagnetism in Sr3Ru2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUALITY SINGLE-CRYSTALS; QUANTUM CRITICALITY; LAYERED PEROVSKITE; RUTHENATE SR3RU2O7; SPIN DYNAMICS; PRESSURE; SR2RUO4; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; FLUCTUATIONS; INSTABILITY AB The ruthenium-based perovskites exhibit a wide variety of interesting collective phenomena related to magnetism originating from the Ru 4d electrons. Much remains unknown concerning the nature of magnetic fluctuations and excitations in these systems. We present results of detailed inelastic neutron scattering measurements of Sr3Ru2O7 as a function of temperature, probing the ferromagnetic fluctuations of the bilayer structure. A magnetic response is clearly visible for a range of temperatures, T=3.8 K up to T=100 K, and for energy transfers between h omega=2 and 14 meV. These measurements indicate that the ferromagnetic fluctuations manifest in the bilayer structure factor persist to surprisingly large temperatures. This behavior may be related to the proximity of the system in zero magnetic field to the metamagnetic/ferromagnetic transition. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Stone, MB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Nagler, Stephen/B-9403-2010; Nagler, Stephen/E-4908-2010; Stone, Matthew/G-3275-2011; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014; Lumsden, Mark/F-5366-2012 OI Nagler, Stephen/0000-0002-7234-2339; Stone, Matthew/0000-0001-7884-9715; Lumsden, Mark/0000-0002-5472-9660 NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 17 AR 174426 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.174426 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MC UT WOS:000237950200088 ER PT J AU Tan, PH Luo, XD Xu, ZY Zhang, Y Mascarenhas, A Xin, HP Tu, CW Ge, WK AF Tan, P. H. Luo, X. D. Xu, Z. Y. Zhang, Y. Mascarenhas, A. Xin, H. P. Tu, C. W. Ge, W. K. TI Photoluminescence from the nitrogen-perturbed above-bandgap states in dilute GaAs1-xNx alloys: A microphotoluminescence study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HOT PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; GAAS; SEMICONDUCTORS; LUMINESCENCE; SCATTERING AB Using microphotoluminescence (mu-PL), in dilute N GaAs1-xNx alloys, we observe a PL band far above the bandgap E-0 with its peak energy following the so-called E+ transition, but with contribution from perturbed GaAs host states in a broad spectral range (> 100 meV). This finding is in sharp contrast to the general understanding that E+ is associated with a well-defined conduction band level (either L-1c or N-x). Beyond this insight regarding the strong perturbation of the GaAs band structure caused by N incorporation, we demonstrate that a small amount of isoelectronic doping in conjunction with mu-PL allows direct observation of above-bandgap transitions that are not usually accessible by PL. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Semicond, State Key Lab Superlattices & Microstruct, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. Nantong Univ, Jiangsu Prov Key Lab ASIC Design, Nantong 226007, Peoples R China. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Tan, PH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Semicond, State Key Lab Superlattices & Microstruct, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM pinghengtan@hotmail.com; yong_zhang@nrel.gov RI TAN, Ping-Heng/D-1137-2009 OI TAN, Ping-Heng/0000-0001-6575-1516 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 20 AR 205205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.205205 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MF UT WOS:000237950500034 ER PT J AU Valla, T Kidd, TE Rameau, JD Noh, HJ Gu, GD Johnson, PD Yang, HB Ding, H AF Valla, T. Kidd, T. E. Rameau, J. D. Noh, H. -J. Gu, G. D. Johnson, P. D. Yang, H. -B. Ding, H. TI Fine details of the nodal electronic excitations in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; QUASI-PARTICLES; LINE-SHAPE; STATE; DISPERSION; GAP AB Very high energy resolution photoemission experiments on high quality samples of optimally doped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta show new features in the low-energy electronic excitations. A marked change in the binding energy and temperature dependence of the near-nodal scattering rates is observed near the superconducting transition temperature, T-C. The temperature slope of the scattering rate measured at low energy shows a discontinuity at T-C. In the superconducting state, coherent excitations are found with the scattering rates showing a cubic dependence on frequency and temperature. The superconducting gap has a d-wave magnitude with negligible contribution from higher harmonics. Further, the bilayer splitting has been found to be finite at the nodal point. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Valla, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM valla@bnl.gov RI Gu, Genda/D-5410-2013; OI Gu, Genda/0000-0002-9886-3255; Ding, Hong/0000-0003-4422-9248 NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 18 AR 184518 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.184518 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MD UT WOS:000237950300107 ER PT J AU Van Siclen, CD AF Van Siclen, Clinton DeW. TI Intergranular fracture in model polycrystals with correlated distribution of low-angle grain boundaries SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CHARACTER-DISTRIBUTION; FUSE NETWORKS; BREAKDOWN; CREEP; BEHAVIOR; MICROSTRUCTURES; TRANSITION; SIMULATION; STRENGTHS; SYSTEMS AB Grain boundary engineering of materials is intended to increase the fraction of "special" boundaries that possess preferred properties. These may be low-angle boundaries with good mechanical and corrosion resistance properties. In this case, the distribution of special boundaries is spatially correlated rather than random, due to crystallographic constraints. Such a correlated distribution, in addition to the density of special boundaries, will likely affect the progression of damage and failure of a polycrystalline material under load or applied strain. This is demonstrated for a two-dimensional model polycrystal, which is an array of hexagonal grains defining a "honeycomb" network of grain boundary facets. The facets are assigned a high or low elasticity modulus in accordance with their "special" or "nonspecial" designation, respectively. Then damage evolution due to an increasing strain is monitored as the following sequence of two steps is repeated until material failure: (1) calculation of the stress and strain fields by use of a scalar Hooke's law and (2) rupture of the facet with greatest strain energy. For polycrystals with a high fraction of special facets, damage proceeds by a series of "bursts" ("avalanches") of single-facet failures distributed over the polycrystal. These failures occur at special facets that connect two clusters of nonspecial facets, thereby creating larger clusters of "weak" (nonspecial plus ruptured) facets oriented roughly perpendicular to the applied strain. Eventually a weak cluster grows to a critical size such that sufficient stress is diverted through the nonspecial facets (which have served as ligaments preventing a crack from nucleating on the weak cluster) to cause those facets to fail. This crack growth leads to catastrophic failure of the model polycrystal. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Van Siclen, CD (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM clinton.vansiclen@inl.gov NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 18 AR 184118 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.184118 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MD UT WOS:000237950300033 ER PT J AU Voyer, CJ Ryan, DH Ahn, K Gschneidner, KA Pecharsky, VK AF Voyer, CJ Ryan, DH Ahn, K Gschneidner, KA Pecharsky, VK TI Valence and magnetic ordering in the Yb5SixGe4-x pseudobinary system SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHASE-RELATIONSHIPS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; GD5SI4-GD5GE4; TRANSITION AB Yb5SixGe4-x has been studied using Yb-170 Mossbauer spectroscopy. Ytterbium is present as both Yb2+ and Yb3+ in essentially equal amounts. The Yb3+ moments order below similar to 1.7 K for all x, and extrapolation of the hyperfine field to zero temperature yields Yb3+ moments of 2.1 +/- 0.2 mu(B). Despite the composition independent structure and valence balance in Yb5SixGe4-x, we find that the Yb3+ ordering is quite complex for x=1,2,3 and that there is a marked jump in T-N between x=3 and x=3.5. C1 McGill Univ, Ctr Phys Mat, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Iowa State Univ, US Dept Energy, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Voyer, CJ (reprint author), McGill Univ, Ctr Phys Mat, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. OI Ahn, Kyunghan/0000-0002-7806-8043 NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 17 AR 174422 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.174422 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048MC UT WOS:000237950200084 ER PT J AU Zhao, ZJ Wang, LW Meza, J AF Zhao, Zhengji Wang, Lin-Wang Meza, Juan TI Motif-based Hessian matrix for ab initio geometry optimization of nanostructures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; APPROXIMATION; ACCELERATION; SYSTEMS AB A simple method to estimate the atomic degree Hessian matrix of a nanosystem is presented. The estimated Hessian matrix, based on the motif decomposition of the nanosystem, can be used to accelerate ab initio atomic relaxations with speedups of 2-4 depending on the size of the system. In addition, the programing implementation for using this method in a standard ab initio package is trivial. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhao, ZJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM zzhao@lbl.gov RI Meza, Juan/B-5601-2012; OI Meza, Juan/0000-0003-4543-0349 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 19 AR 193309 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.193309 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 048ME UT WOS:000237950400020 ER PT J AU Adler, SS Afanasiev, S Aidala, C Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Al-Jamel, A Alexander, J Aoki, K Aphecetche, L Armendariz, R Aronson, SH Averbeck, R Awes, TC Babintsev, V Baldisseri, A Barish, KN Barnes, PD Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Batsouli, S Baublis, V Bauer, F Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Bjorndal, MT Boissevain, JG Borel, H Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, JM Butsyk, S Camard, X Chand, P Chang, WC Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choi, IJ Choudhury, RK Chujo, T Cianciolo, V Cobigo, Y Cole, BA Comets, MP Constantin, P Csanad, M Csorgo, T Cussonneau, JP d'Enterria, D Das, K David, G Deak, F Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Devismes, A Dietzsch, O Drachenberg, JL Drapier, O Drees, A Durum, A Dutta, D Dzhordzhadze, V Efremenko, YV En'yo, H Espagnon, B Esumi, S Fields, DE Finck, C Fleuret, F Fokin, SL Fox, BD Fraenkel, Z Frantz, JE Franz, A Frawley, AD Fukao, Y Fung, SY Gadrat, S Germain, M Glenn, A Gonin, M Gosset, J Goto, Y De Cassagnac, RG Grau, N Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Gustafsson, HA Hachiya, T Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hartouni, EP Harvey, M Hasuko, K Hayano, R He, X Heffner, M Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hidas, P Hiejima, H Hill, JC Hobbs, R Holzmann, W Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Horaguchi, T Ichihara, T Ikonnikov, VV Imai, K Inaba, M Inuzuka, M Isenhower, D Isenhower, L Ishihara, M Issah, M Isupov, A Jacak, BV Jia, J Jinnouchi, O Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Jouan, D Kajihara, F Kametani, S Kamihara, N Kaneta, M Kang, JH Katou, K Kawabata, T Kazantsev, AV Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DJ Kim, E Kim, GB Kim, HJ Kinney, E Kiss, A Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Klein-Boesing, C Kobayashi, H Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Kohara, R Komkov, B Konno, M Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kuberg, CH Kunde, GJ Kurita, K Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Lajoie, JG Le Bornec, Y Lebedev, A Leckey, S Lee, DM Leitch, MJ Leite, MAL Li, XH Lim, H Litvinenko, A Liu, MX Maguire, CF Makdisi, YI Malakhov, A Manko, VI Mao, Y Martinez, G Masui, H Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McCain, MC McGaughey, PL Miake, Y Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Mukhopadhyay, D Muniruzzaman, M Nagamiya, S Nagle, JL Nakamura, T Newby, J Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Okada, H Okada, K Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Oyama, K Ozawa, K Pal, D Palounek, APT Pantuev, V Papavassiliou, V Park, J Park, WJ Pate, SF Pei, H Penev, V Peng, JC Pereira, H Peresedov, V Pierson, A Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Purschke, ML Purwar, AK Qualls, JM Rak, J Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reuter, M Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Roche, G Romana, A Rosati, M Rosendahl, SSE Rosnet, P Rykov, VL Ryu, SS Saito, N Sakaguchi, T Sakai, S Samsonov, V Sanfratello, L Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shea, TK Shein, I Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shimomura, M Sickles, A Silva, CL Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sondheim, WE Sorensen, SP Sourikova, IV Staley, F Stankus, PW Stenlund, E Stepanov, M Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Takagi, S Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Tanida, K Tannenbaum, MJ Taranenko, A Tarjan, P Thomas, TL Togawa, M Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tram, VN Tserruya, I Tsuchimoto, Y Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N Uam, TJ Van Hecke, HW Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Veszpremi, V Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vznuzdaev, E Wang, XR Watanabe, Y White, SN Willis, N Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yanovich, A Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, C Zhou, S Zimanyi, J Zolin, L Zong, X AF Adler, S. S. Afanasiev, S. Aidala, C. Ajitanand, N. N. Akiba, Y. Al-Jamel, A. Alexander, J. Aoki, K. Aphecetche, L. Armendariz, R. Aronson, S. H. Averbeck, R. Awes, T. C. Babintsev, V. Baldisseri, A. Barish, K. N. Barnes, P. D. Bassalleck, B. Bathe, S. Batsouli, S. Baublis, V. Bauer, F. Bazilevsky, A. Belikov, S. Bjorndal, M. T. Boissevain, J. G. Borel, H. Brooks, M. L. Brown, D. S. Bruner, N. Bucher, D. Buesching, H. Bumazhnov, V. Bunce, G. Burward-Hoy, J. M. Butsyk, S. Camard, X. Chand, P. Chang, W. C. Chernichenko, S. Chi, C. Y. Chiba, J. Chiu, M. Choi, I. J. Choudhury, R. K. Chujo, T. Cianciolo, V. Cobigo, Y. Cole, B. A. Comets, M. P. Constantin, P. Csanad, M. Csorgo, T. Cussonneau, J. P. d'Enterria, D. Das, K. David, G. Deak, F. Delagrange, H. Denisov, A. Deshpande, A. Desmond, E. J. Devismes, A. Dietzsch, O. Drachenberg, J. L. Drapier, O. Drees, A. Durum, A. Dutta, D. Dzhordzhadze, V. Efremenko, Y. V. En'yo, H. Espagnon, B. Esumi, S. Fields, D. E. Finck, C. Fleuret, F. Fokin, S. L. Fox, B. D. Fraenkel, Z. Frantz, J. E. Franz, A. Frawley, A. D. Fukao, Y. Fung, S. -Y. Gadrat, S. Germain, M. Glenn, A. Gonin, M. Gosset, J. Goto, Y. De Cassagnac, R. Granier Grau, N. Greene, S. V. Perdekamp, M. Grosse Gustafsson, H. -A. Hachiya, T. Haggerty, J. S. Hamagaki, H. Hansen, A. G. Hartouni, E. P. Harvey, M. Hasuko, K. Hayano, R. He, X. Heffner, M. Hemmick, T. K. Heuser, J. M. Hidas, P. Hiejima, H. Hill, J. C. Hobbs, R. Holzmann, W. Homma, K. Hong, B. Hoover, A. Horaguchi, T. Ichihara, T. Ikonnikov, V. V. Imai, K. Inaba, M. Inuzuka, M. Isenhower, D. Isenhower, L. Ishihara, M. Issah, M. Isupov, A. Jacak, B. V. Jia, J. Jinnouchi, O. Johnson, B. M. Johnson, S. C. Joo, K. S. Jouan, D. Kajihara, F. Kametani, S. Kamihara, N. Kaneta, M. Kang, J. H. Katou, K. Kawabata, T. Kazantsev, A. V. Kelly, S. Khachaturov, B. Khanzadeev, A. Kikuchi, J. Kim, D. J. Kim, E. Kim, G. -B. Kim, H. J. Kinney, E. Kiss, A. Kistenev, E. Kiyomichi, A. Klein-Boesing, C. Kobayashi, H. Kochenda, L. Kochetkov, V. Kohara, R. Komkov, B. Konno, M. Kotchetkov, D. Kozlov, A. Kroon, P. J. Kuberg, C. H. Kunde, G. J. Kurita, K. Kweon, M. J. Kwon, Y. Kyle, G. S. Lacey, R. Lajoie, J. G. Le Bornec, Y. Lebedev, A. Leckey, S. Lee, D. M. Leitch, M. J. Leite, M. A. L. Li, X. H. Lim, H. Litvinenko, A. Liu, M. X. Maguire, C. F. Makdisi, Y. I. Malakhov, A. Manko, V. I. Mao, Y. Martinez, G. Masui, H. Matathias, F. Matsumoto, T. McCain, M. C. McGaughey, P. L. Miake, Y. Miller, T. E. Milov, A. Mioduszewski, S. Mishra, G. C. Mitchell, J. T. Mohanty, A. K. Morrison, D. P. Moss, J. M. Mukhopadhyay, D. Muniruzzaman, M. Nagamiya, S. Nagle, J. L. Nakamura, T. Newby, J. Nyanin, A. S. Nystrand, J. O'Brien, E. Ogilvie, C. A. Ohnishi, H. Ojha, I. D. Okada, H. Okada, K. Oskarsson, A. Otterlund, I. Oyama, K. Ozawa, K. Pal, D. Palounek, A. P. T. Pantuev, V. Papavassiliou, V. Park, J. Park, W. J. Pate, S. F. Pei, H. Penev, V. Peng, J. -C. Pereira, H. Peresedov, V. Pierson, A. Pinkenburg, C. Pisani, R. P. Purschke, M. L. Purwar, A. K. Qualls, J. M. Rak, J. Ravinovich, I. Read, K. F. Reuter, M. Reygers, K. Riabov, V. Riabov, Y. Roche, G. Romana, A. Rosati, M. Rosendahl, S. S. E. Rosnet, P. Rykov, V. L. Ryu, S. S. Saito, N. Sakaguchi, T. Sakai, S. Samsonov, V. Sanfratello, L. Santo, R. Sato, H. D. Sato, S. Sawada, S. Schutz, Y. Semenov, V. Seto, R. Shea, T. K. Shein, I. Shibata, T. -A. Shigaki, K. Shimomura, M. Sickles, A. Silva, C. L. Silvermyr, D. Sim, K. S. Soldatov, A. Soltz, R. A. Sondheim, W. E. Sorensen, S. P. Sourikova, I. V. Staley, F. Stankus, P. W. Stenlund, E. Stepanov, M. Ster, A. Stoll, S. P. Sugitate, T. Sullivan, J. P. Takagi, S. Takagui, E. M. Taketani, A. Tanaka, K. H. Tanaka, Y. Tanida, K. Tannenbaum, M. J. Taranenko, A. Tarjan, P. Thomas, T. L. Togawa, M. Tojo, J. Torii, H. Towell, R. S. Tram, V-N. Tserruya, I. Tsuchimoto, Y. Tydesjo, H. Tyurin, N. Uam, T. J. Van Hecke, H. W. Velkovska, J. Velkovsky, M. Veszpremi, V. Vinogradov, A. A. Volkov, M. A. Vznuzdaev, E. Wang, X. R. Watanabe, Y. White, S. N. Willis, N. Wohn, F. K. Woody, C. L. Xie, W. Yanovich, A. Yokkaichi, S. Young, G. R. Yushmanov, I. E. Zajc, W. A. Zhang, C. Zhou, S. Zimanyi, J. Zolin, L. Zong, X. CA PHENIX Collaboration TI Jet structure from dihadron correlations in d+Au collisions at root S-NN=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID LARGE-TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; FRAGMENTATION FUNCTIONS; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; PHENIX; DEPENDENCE; DETECTORS; ENERGY; PARTONS; HADRONS AB Dihadron correlations at high transverse momentum p(T) in d+Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV at midrapidity are measured by the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. From these correlations, we extract several structural characteristics of jets: the root-mean-squared transverse momentum of fragmenting hadrons with respect to the jet root < j(T)(2)>, the mean sine-squared of the azimuthal angle between the jet axes < sin(2)phi(jj)>, and the number of particles produced within the dijet that are associated with a high-p(T) particle (dN/dx(E) distributions). We observe that the fragmentation characteristics of jets in d+Au collisions are very similar to those in p+p collisions and that there is little dependence on the centrality of the d+Au collision. This is consistent with the nuclear medium having little influence on the fragmentation process. Furthermore, there is no statistically significant increase in the value of < sin(2)phi(jj)> from p+p to d+Au collisions. This constrains the effect of multiple scattering that partons undergo in the cold nuclear medium before and after a hard collision. C1 Abilene Christian Univ, Abilene, TX 79699 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Ctr Nucl Study, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. CEA Saclay, Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Debrecen, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary. Eotvos Lorand Univ, ELTE, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. Inst High Energy Phys, State Res Ctr Russian Fed, IHEP Protvino, RU-142281 Protvino, Russia. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Moscow, Russia. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Hungarian Acad Sci, KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Russian Res Ctr, Kurchatov Inst, Moscow, Russia. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Leprince Ringuet, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, LPC, IN2P3, F-63177 Clermont Ferrand, France. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Myongji Univ, Yongin 449728, Kyonggido, South Korea. Nagasaki Inst Appl Sci, Nagasaki 8510193, Japan. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Paris 11, Inst Phys Nucl, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91406 Orsay, France. Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, RU-188300 Gatchina, Leningrad, Russia. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Seoul Natl Univ, Syst Elect Lab, Seoul, South Korea. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Nantes, SUBATECH, Ecole Mines, CNRS,IN2P3, F-44307 Nantes, France. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Waseda Univ, Adv Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1620044, Japan. Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Yonsei Univ, IPAP, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Adler, SS (reprint author), Abilene Christian Univ, Abilene, TX 79699 USA. EM zajc@nevis.columbia.edu RI Csanad, Mate/D-5960-2012; Csorgo, Tamas/I-4183-2012; En'yo, Hideto/B-2440-2015; Hayano, Ryugo/F-7889-2012; HAMAGAKI, HIDEKI/G-4899-2014; Durum, Artur/C-3027-2014; Sorensen, Soren /K-1195-2016; Yokkaichi, Satoshi/C-6215-2017; Taketani, Atsushi/E-1803-2017; Semenov, Vitaliy/E-9584-2017; seto, richard/G-8467-2011; OI Hayano, Ryugo/0000-0002-1214-7806; Sorensen, Soren /0000-0002-5595-5643; Taketani, Atsushi/0000-0002-4776-2315; Newby, Robert/0000-0003-3571-1067; Hartouni, Edward/0000-0001-9869-4351 NR 47 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 6 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 5 AR 054903 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.73.054903 PG 27 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 048MG UT WOS:000237950600036 ER PT J AU Aerts, G Abbondanno, U Alvarez, H Alvarez-Velarde, F Andriamonje, S Andrzejewski, J Assimakopoulos, P Audouin, L Badurek, G Baumann, P Becvar, F Berthoumieux, E Calvino, F Cano-Ott, D Capote, R De Albornoz, AC Cennini, P Chepel, V Chiaveri, E Colonna, N Cortes, G Couture, A Cox, J Dahlfors, M David, S Dillman, I Dolfini, R Domingo-Pardo, C Dridi, W Duran, I Eleftheriadis, C Embid-Segura, M Ferrant, L Ferrari, A Ferreira-Marques, R Fitzpatrick, L Frais-Koelbl, H Fujii, K Furman, W Goncalves, I Gonzalez-Romero, E Goverdovski, A Gramegna, F Griesmayer, E Guerrero, C Gunsing, F Haas, B Haight, R Heil, M Herrera-Martinez, A Igashira, M Isaev, S Jericha, E Kappeler, F Kadi, Y Karadimos, D Karamanis, D Kerveno, M Ketlerov, V Koehler, P Konovalov, V Kossionides, E Krticka, M Lamboudis, C Leeb, H Lindote, A Lopes, I Lozano, M Lukic, S Marganiec, J Marques, L Marrone, S Mastinu, P Mengoni, A Milazzo, PM Moreau, C Mosconi, M Neves, F Oberhummer, H O'Brien, S Oshima, M Pancin, J Papachristodoulou, C Papadopoulos, C Paradela, C Patronis, N Pavlik, A Pavlopoulos, P Perrot, L Pigni, MT Plag, R Plompen, A Plukis, A Poch, A Pretel, C Quesada, J Rauscher, T Reifarth, R Rosetti, M Rubbia, C Rudolf, G Rullhusen, P Salgado, J Sarchiapone, L Savvidis, I Stephan, C Taliente, G Tain, JL Tassan-Got, L Tavora, L Terlizzi, R Vannini, G Vaz, P Ventura, A Villamarin, D Vincente, MC Vlachoudis, V Vlastou, R Voss, F Walter, S Wendler, H Wiescher, M Wisshak, K AF Aerts, G Abbondanno, U Alvarez, H Alvarez-Velarde, F Andriamonje, S Andrzejewski, J Assimakopoulos, P Audouin, L Badurek, G Baumann, P Becvar, F Berthoumieux, E Calvino, F Cano-Ott, D Capote, R De Albornoz, AC Cennini, P Chepel, V Chiaveri, E Colonna, N Cortes, G Couture, A Cox, J Dahlfors, M David, S Dillman, I Dolfini, R Domingo-Pardo, C Dridi, W Duran, I Eleftheriadis, C Embid-Segura, M Ferrant, L Ferrari, A Ferreira-Marques, R Fitzpatrick, L Frais-Koelbl, H Fujii, K Furman, W Goncalves, I Gonzalez-Romero, E Goverdovski, A Gramegna, F Griesmayer, E Guerrero, C Gunsing, F Haas, B Haight, R Heil, M Herrera-Martinez, A Igashira, M Isaev, S Jericha, E Kappeler, F Kadi, Y Karadimos, D Karamanis, D Kerveno, M Ketlerov, V Koehler, P Konovalov, V Kossionides, E Krticka, M Lamboudis, C Leeb, H Lindote, A Lopes, I Lozano, M Lukic, S Marganiec, J Marques, L Marrone, S Mastinu, P Mengoni, A Milazzo, PM Moreau, C Mosconi, M Neves, F Oberhummer, H O'Brien, S Oshima, M Pancin, J Papachristodoulou, C Papadopoulos, C Paradela, C Patronis, N Pavlik, A Pavlopoulos, P Perrot, L Pigni, MT Plag, R Plompen, A Plukis, A Poch, A Pretel, C Quesada, J Rauscher, T Reifarth, R Rosetti, M Rubbia, C Rudolf, G Rullhusen, P Salgado, J Sarchiapone, L Savvidis, I Stephan, C Taliente, G Tain, JL Tassan-Got, L Tavora, L Terlizzi, R Vannini, G Vaz, P Ventura, A Villamarin, D Vincente, MC Vlachoudis, V Vlastou, R Voss, F Walter, S Wendler, H Wiescher, M Wisshak, K CA n TOF Collaboration TI Neutron capture cross section of Th-232 measured at the n_TOF facility at CERN in the unresolved resonance region up to 1 MeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID PARITY VIOLATION; COMPOUND NUCLEUS; TRANSMUTATION; ACCELERATOR; PARAMETERS; ELEMENTS; SYSTEM; RANGE; U-238 AB We have measured the neutron capture reaction yield of Th-232 at the neutron time-of-flight facility n_TOF at CERN in the energy range from 1 eV to 1 MeV. The average capture cross section has been extracted in the energy range from 4 keV up to 1 MeV with an overall accuracy better than 4%. An independent IAEA evaluation shows good agreement with the data. The average cross section has been expressed in terms of average resonance parameters using the partial waves l=0,1, and 2. C1 CEA Saclay, DSM, DAPNIA, Gif Sur Yvette, France. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trieste, Italy. Univ Santiago, E-15705 Santiago De Compostela, Spain. Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Technol, Madrid, Spain. Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz, Poland. Univ Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Tech Univ Vienna, Atom Osterreich Univ, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. CNRS, IN2P3, IReS, Strasbourg, France. Charles Univ, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ Politecn Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain. IAEA, NAPC, Nucl Data Sect, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. Univ Sevilla, Seville, Spain. Inst Tecnol & Nucl, Lisbon, Portugal. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Coimbra, LIP Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. Univ Coimbra, Dept Fis, Coimbra, Portugal. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, Valencia, Spain. Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. CNRS, IN2P3, IPN, F-91405 Orsay, France. IAEA, Nucl Data Sect, Vienna, Austria. Dubna Joint Nucl Res Inst, Frank Lab Neutron Phys, Dubna 141980, Russia. Inst Phys & Power Engn, Obninsk, Russia. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy. CNRS, IN2P3, CENBG, Bordeaux, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 152, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NCSR Demokritos, GR-15310 Athens, Greece. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki 31911, Japan. Natl Tech Univ Athens, Athens, Greece. Univ Vienna, Inst Isotopenforsch & Kernphys, Vienna, Austria. Pole Univ Leonard De Vinci, Paris, France. CEC, JRC, IRMM, Geel, Belgium. Univ Basel, Dept Phys & Astron, Basel, Switzerland. ENEA, Bologna, Italy. Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Fis, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. RP Aerts, G (reprint author), CEA Saclay, DSM, DAPNIA, Gif Sur Yvette, France. RI Guerrero, Carlos/L-3251-2014; Gonzalez Romero, Enrique/L-7561-2014; Pretel Sanchez, Carme/L-8287-2014; Capote Noy, Roberto/M-1245-2014; Duran, Ignacio/H-7254-2015; Alvarez Pol, Hector/F-1930-2011; Paradela, Carlos/J-1492-2012; Gramegna, Fabiana/B-1377-2012; Calvino, Francisco/K-5743-2014; Mengoni, Alberto/I-1497-2012; Patronis, Nikolaos/A-3836-2008; Rauscher, Thomas/D-2086-2009; Tain, Jose L./K-2492-2014; Cano Ott, Daniel/K-4945-2014; Jericha, Erwin/A-4094-2011; Quesada Molina, Jose Manuel/K-5267-2014; Ventura, Alberto/B-9584-2011; Lindote, Alexandre/H-4437-2013; Neves, Francisco/H-4744-2013; Vaz, Pedro/K-2464-2013; Lopes, Isabel/A-1806-2014 OI Guerrero, Carlos/0000-0002-2111-546X; Gonzalez Romero, Enrique/0000-0003-2376-8920; Capote Noy, Roberto/0000-0002-1799-3438; Alvarez Pol, Hector/0000-0001-9643-6252; Gramegna, Fabiana/0000-0001-6112-0602; Calvino, Francisco/0000-0002-7198-4639; Mengoni, Alberto/0000-0002-2537-0038; Rauscher, Thomas/0000-0002-1266-0642; Cano Ott, Daniel/0000-0002-9568-7508; Jericha, Erwin/0000-0002-8663-0526; Quesada Molina, Jose Manuel/0000-0002-2038-2814; Ventura, Alberto/0000-0001-6748-7931; Lindote, Alexandre/0000-0002-7965-807X; Neves, Francisco/0000-0003-3635-1083; Vaz, Pedro/0000-0002-7186-2359; Lopes, Isabel/0000-0003-0419-903X NR 52 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 5 AR 054610 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.73.054610 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 048MG UT WOS:000237950600033 ER PT J AU Burke, JT Bernstein, LA Escher, J Ahle, L Church, JA Dietrich, FS Moody, KJ Norman, EB Phair, L Fallon, P Clark, RM Deleplanque, MA Descovich, M Cromaz, M Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO McMahan, MA Moretto, LG Rodriguez-Vieitez, E Stephens, FS Ai, H Plettner, C Beausang, C Crider, B AF Burke, JT Bernstein, LA Escher, J Ahle, L Church, JA Dietrich, FS Moody, KJ Norman, EB Phair, L Fallon, P Clark, RM Deleplanque, MA Descovich, M Cromaz, M Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO McMahan, MA Moretto, LG Rodriguez-Vieitez, E Stephens, FS Ai, H Plettner, C Beausang, C Crider, B TI Deducing the U-237(n,f) cross section using the surrogate ratio method SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-REACTIONS; FISSION; STARS AB We have deduced the cross section for U-237(n,f) over an equivalent neutron energy range from 0 to 20 MeV using the surrogate ratio method. A 55 MeV He-4 beam from the 88 inch cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was used to induce fission in the following reactions: U-238(alpha,alpha(')f) and U-236(alpha,alpha(')f). The U-238 reaction was a surrogate for U-237(n,f), and the U-236 reaction was used as a surrogate for U-235(n,f). Scattered alpha particles were detected in a fully depleted segmented silicon telescope array over an angle range of 35(degrees) to 60(degrees) with respect to the beam axis. The fission fragments were detected in a third independent silicon detector located at backward angles between 106(degrees) and 131(degrees). C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Burke, JT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Escher, Jutta/E-1965-2013; Burke, Jason/I-4580-2012 NR 20 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 5 AR 054604 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.73.054604 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 048MG UT WOS:000237950600027 ER PT J AU Chen, YJ Zhu, SJ Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Hwang, JK Sakhaee, M Luo, YX Rasmussen, JO Li, K Lee, IY Che, XL Ding, HB Li, ML AF Chen, YJ Zhu, SJ Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Hwang, JK Sakhaee, M Luo, YX Rasmussen, JO Li, K Lee, IY Che, XL Ding, HB Li, ML TI Search for octupole correlations in neutron-rich Ce-148 nucleus SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID BAND-STRUCTURES; SHAPE CHANGES; HIGH SPINS; DEFORMATION; MASS; CONSEQUENCES; ISOTOPES; ND-146 AB New transitions and levels in Ce-148 have been observed in a gamma-gamma-gamma coincidence study from the spontaneous fission of Cf-252 with Gammasphere detector array. The ground band has been extended up to I-pi=22(+), and side bands are extended with Delta I=2 stretched transitions and Delta I=1 crossing transitions. The observed level scheme is interpreted in terms of possible octupole correlations. Two sets of interwined positive- and negative- parity bands with the simplex quantum numbers s=+/- 1 are suggested. The results of B(E1)/B(E2) branching ratios indicate that the octupole correlations in Ce-148 are strong. C1 Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhu, SJ (reprint author), Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM zhushj@mail.tsinghua.edu NR 23 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 5 AR 054316 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.054316 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 048MG UT WOS:000237950600023 ER PT J AU Julia-Diaz, B Saghai, B Lee, TSH Tabakin, F AF Julia-Diaz, B. Saghai, B. Lee, T. -S. H. Tabakin, F. TI Dynamical coupled-channels approach to hadronic and electromagnetic kaon-hyperon production on the proton SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID RELATIVIZED QUARK-MODEL; 2375 MEV-C; BARYON RESONANCES; PHOTON ENERGIES; HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS; ETA-PHOTOPRODUCTION; NONSTRANGE BARYONS; ALGEBRAIC MODELS; S-11 RESONANCES; CHROMODYNAMICS AB A dynamical coupled-channels formalism for processes pi N -> KY and gamma N -> KY is presented that provides a comprehensive investigation of recent data on the gamma p -> K+Lambda reaction. The nonresonant interactions within the subspace KY circle plus pi N are derived from effective Lagrangians, using a unitary transformation method. The calculations of photoproduction amplitudes are simplified by casting the coupled-channels equations into a form such that the empirical gamma N ->pi N amplitudes are input and only the parameters associated with the KY channel are determined by performing chi(2) fits to all of the available data for pi(-)p -> K-degrees Lambda,K-degrees Sigma(degrees), and gamma p -> K+Lambda. Good agreement between our models and those data are obtained. In the fits to pi N -> KY channels, most of the parameters are constrained within +/- 20% of the values given by the Particle Data Group and/or quark model predictions, whereas for gamma p -> K+Lambda parameters, ranges compatible with broken SU(6) circle times O(3) symmetry are imposed. The main reaction mechanisms in K+Lambda photoproduction are singled out and issues related to newly suggested resonances S-11,P-13, and D-13 are studied. Results illustrating the importance of using a coupled-channels treatment are reported. Meson cloud effects on the gamma N -> N-* transitions are also discussed. C1 CEA Saclay, Lab Rech Lois Fondamentales Univers, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Julia-Diaz, B (reprint author), CEA Saclay, Lab Rech Lois Fondamentales Univers, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM bruno@ecm.ub.es; bijan.saghai@cea.fr; lee@phy.anl.gov; tabakin@pitt.edu RI Julia-Diaz, Bruno/E-5825-2010 OI Julia-Diaz, Bruno/0000-0002-0145-6734 NR 87 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 5 AR 055204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.73.055204 PG 20 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 048MG UT WOS:000237950600042 ER PT J AU Majumder, A Wang, XN AF Majumder, A. Wang, Xin-Nian TI Landau-Pomeranchuck-Migdal interference and Cherenkov-like gluon bremsstrahlung in dense matter SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE ENERGY-LOSS; COLLISIONS; PLASMA; QUARK; QCD; COLLABORATION; PERSPECTIVE; SCATTERING; ANISOTROPY; PARTONS AB Gluon bremsstrahlung induced by multiple parton scattering in a finite dense medium has a unique angular distribution with respect to the initial parton direction. A dead-cone structure with an opening angle theta(2)(0)approximate to 2(1-z)/(zLE) for gluons with fractional energy z arises from the Landau-Pomeranchuck-Migdal (LPM) interference. In a medium where the gluon dielectric constant is epsilon > 1, the LPM interference pattern is shown to become Cherenkov-like with an increased opening angle determined by the dielectric constant cos(2)theta(c)=z+(1-z)/epsilon. For a large dielectric constant epsilon > 1+2/z(2)LE, the corresponding total radiative parton energy loss is about twice that from normal gluon bremsstrahlung. Implications of this Cherenkov-like gluon bremsstrahlung to the jet correlation pattern in high-energy heavy-ion collisions is discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Majumder, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, MS 70-319, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Wang, Xin-Nian/0000-0002-9734-9967 NR 41 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 5 AR 051901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.73.051901 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 048MG UT WOS:000237950600005 ER PT J AU Orlandi, R Smith, AG Patel, D Simpson, GS Wall, RM Smith, JF Onakanmi, OJ Ahmad, I Greene, JP Carpenter, MP Lauritsen, T Lister, CJ Janssens, RVF Kondev, FG Seweryniak, D Gall, BJP Dorveaux, O Stuchbery, AE AF Orlandi, R Smith, AG Patel, D Simpson, GS Wall, RM Smith, JF Onakanmi, OJ Ahmad, I Greene, JP Carpenter, MP Lauritsen, T Lister, CJ Janssens, RVF Kondev, FG Seweryniak, D Gall, BJP Dorveaux, O Stuchbery, AE TI Single-particle and collective degrees of freedom in Zr-101 and Mo-103,Mo-105 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID APPROXIMATELY 100 REGION; FISSION FRAGMENTS; MO ISOTONES; DEFORMATION; NUCLEI; SPECTROSCOPY; ZR; STATES; SR AB The g factors of several low-lying excited states of the neutron-rich Zr-101 and Mo-103,Mo-105 nuclei have been measured for the first time. The isotopes were produced by the spontaneous fission of a Cf-252 source, which was sandwiched between two magnetized iron foils and placed at the center of the Gammasphere spectrometer. The g factors of excited states of fission fragments were inferred from Larmor precessions deduced from the measurement of time-integrated perturbed angular correlation functions. The magnitude and sign of the quantity (g(K)-g(R))/Q(0) were determined from the mixing ratios measured for the 3/2[411] and 5/2[532] rotational bands in Zr-101 and Mo-103,Mo-105. The combination of this quantity with the measured g factors permitted the separation of the particle-rotor parameters g(K) and g(R) for each band. The comparison of the extracted g(K) factors to Nilsson model predictions confirms current band assignments, and this agreement is consistent with an axially symmetric picture of these nuclei at low spins. The possible effect of triaxial deformation on the measured magnetic moments was investigated in the rigid triaxial rotor-plus-particle framework. The calculations suggest that triaxial deformation plays a stronger role in the Mo than in the Zr isotopes, but that triaxiality is likely to be dynamic. The extracted g(R) factors are consistently smaller than the Z/A limit, in agreement with observations in neighboring even-even nuclei. C1 Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. ULP, CNRS, IPHC, IN2P3, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. Australian Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Phys, RSPhysSE, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Orlandi, R (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Legnaro, Padua, Italy. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 5 AR 054310 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.73.054310 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 048MG UT WOS:000237950600017 ER PT J AU Steffens, FM Melnitchouk, W AF Steffens, FM Melnitchouk, W TI Target mass corrections revisited SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID QUARK-HADRON DUALITY; DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; NEUTRON AB We propose a new implementation of target mass corrections to nucleon structure functions which, unlike existing treatments, has the correct kinematic threshold behavior at finite Q(2) in the x -> 1 limit. We illustrate the differences between the new approach and existing prescriptions by considering specific examples for the F-2 and F-L structure functions, and discuss the broader implications of our results, which call into question the notion of universal parton distribution at finite Q(2). C1 Univ Presbiteriana Mackenzie, NFC, FCBEE, BR-01302970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. UNESP, IFT, BR-01405900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Steffens, FM (reprint author), Univ Presbiteriana Mackenzie, NFC, FCBEE, Rua Consolacao 930, BR-01302970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. NR 26 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 5 AR 055202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.73.055202 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 048MG UT WOS:000237950600040 ER PT J AU Abulencia, A Acosta, D Adelman, J Affolder, T Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Anikeev, K Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Arguin, JF Arisawa, T Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Azzurri, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Bartsch, V Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Belloni, A Ben Haim, E Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Beringer, J Berry, T Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Boisvert, V Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Bourov, S Boveia, A Brau, B Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Budd, S Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canelli, F Canepa, A Carlsmith, D Carosi, R Carron, S Casarsa, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cavalli-Sforza, M Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chang, SH Chapman, J Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, I Cho, K Chokheli, D Chou, JP Chu, PH Chuang, SH Chung, K Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciljak, M Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, A Clark, D Coca, M Connolly, A Convery, ME Conway, J Cooper, B Copic, K Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Cruz, A Cuevas, J Culbertson, R Cyr, D DaRonco, S D'Auria, S D'onofrio, M Dagenhart, D de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S Deisher, A De Lentdecker, G Dell'Orso, M Demers, S Demortier, L Deng, J Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Dionisi, C Dittmann, JR DiTuro, P Doerr, C Dominguez, A Donati, S Donega, M Dong, P Donini, J Dorigo, T Dube, S Ebina, K Efron, J Ehlers, J Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, I Fedorko, WT Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Field, R Flanagan, G Flores-Castillo, LR Foland, A Forrester, S Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, JC Fujii, Y Furic, I Gajjar, A Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garcia, JE Sciveres, MG Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Gerberich, H Gerchtein, E Gerdes, D Giagu, S di Giovanni, GP Giannetti, P Gibson, A Gibson, K Ginsburg, C Giokaris, N Giolo, K Giordani, M Giunta, M Giurgiu, G Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, J Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gonzalez, O Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Gresele, A Griffiths, M Grinstein, S Grosso-Pilcher, C Grundler, U da Costa, JG Haber, C Hahn, SR Hahn, K Halkiadakis, E Hamilton, A Han, BY Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, M Harper, S Harr, RF Harris, RM Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Hays, C Hayward, H Heijboer, A Heinemann, B Heinrich, J Hennecke, M Herndon, M Heuser, J Hidas, D Hill, CS Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Holloway, A Hou, S Houlden, M Hsu, SC Huffman, BT Hughes, RE Huston, J Ikado, K Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ishizawa, Y Ivanov, A Iyutin, B James, E Jang, D Jayatilaka, B Jeans, D Jensen, H Jeon, EJ Jones, M Joo, KK Jun, SY Junk, TR Kamon, T Kang, J Karagoz-Unel, M Karchin, PE Kato, Y Kemp, Y Kephart, R Kerzel, U Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, MS Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Klute, M Knuteson, B Ko, BR Kobayashi, H Kondo, K Kong, DJ Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korytov, A Kotwal, AV Kovalev, A Kraus, J Kravchenko, I Kreps, M Kreymer, A Kroll, J Krumnack, N Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kuhlmann, SE Kusakabe, Y Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Lai, S Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, M Lander, RL Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lazzizzera, I Lecci, C LeCompte, T Lee, J Lee, J Lee, SW Lefevre, R Leonardo, N Leone, S Levy, S Lewis, JD Li, K Lin, C Lin, CS Lindgren, M Lipeles, E Liss, TM Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, T Liu, Y Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Loverre, P Lu, RS Lucchesi, D Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lyons, L Lys, J Lysak, R Lytken, E Mack, P MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Manca, G Margaroli, F Marginean, R Marino, C Martin, A Martin, M Martin, V Martinez, M Maruyama, T Matsunaga, H Mattson, ME Mazini, R Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McGivern, D McIntyre, P McNamara, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Menzemer, S Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Messina, A von der Mey, M Miao, T Miladinovic, N Miles, J Miller, R Miller, JS Mills, C Milnik, M Miquel, R Miscetti, S Mitselmakher, G Miyamoto, A Moggi, N Mohr, B Moore, R Morello, M Fernandez, PM Muelmenstadt, J Mukherjee, A Mulhearn, M Muller, T Mumford, R Murat, P Nachtman, J Nahn, S Nakano, I Napier, A Naumov, D Necula, V Neu, C Neubauer, MS Nielsen, J Nigmanov, T Nodulman, L Norniella, O Ogawa, T Oh, SH Oh, YD Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Osterberg, K Pagliarone, C Palencia, E Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Papikonomou, A Paramonov, AA Parks, B Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, DE Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pitts, K Plager, C Pondrom, L Pope, G Portell, X Poukhov, O Pounder, N Prakoshyn, F Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Pursley, J Rademacker, J Rahaman, A Rakitin, A Rappoccio, S Ratnikov, F Reisert, B Rekovic, V van Remortel, N Renton, P Rescigno, M Richter, S Rimondi, F Rinnert, K Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rogers, E Rolli, S Roser, R Rossi, M Rossin, R Rott, C Ruiz, A Russ, J Rusu, V Ryan, D Saarikko, H Sabik, S Safonov, A Sakumoto, WK Salamanna, G Salto, O Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Santi, L Sarkar, S Sato, K Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Scheidle, T Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Schwarz, T Scodellaro, L Scott, AL Scribano, A Scuri, F Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Sexton-Kennedy, L Sfiligoi, I Shapiro, MD Shears, T Shepard, PF Sherman, D Shimojima, M Shochet, M Shon, Y Shreyber, I Sidoti, A Sill, A Sinervo, P Sisakyan, A Sjolin, J Skiba, A Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smirnov, D Smith, JR Snider, FD Snihur, R Soderberg, M Soha, A Somalwar, S Sorin, V Spalding, J Spinella, F Squillacioti, P Stanitzki, M Staveris-Polykalas, A St Denis, R Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Stentz, D Strologas, J Stuart, D Suh, JS Sukhanov, A Sumorok, K Sun, H Suzuki, T Taffard, A Tafirout, R Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tanaka, R Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Tipton, P Tiwari, V Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tokar, S Tollefson, K Tomura, T Tonelli, D Nnesmann, MT Torre, S Torretta, D Tourneur, S Trischuk, W Tsuchiya, R Tsuno, S Turini, N Ukegawa, F Unverhau, T Uozumi, S Usynin, D Vacavant, L Vaiciulis, A Vallecorsa, S Varganov, A Vataga, E Velev, G Veramendi, G Veszpremi, V Vickey, T Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Vollrath, I Volobouev, I Wurthwein, F Wagner, P Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wallny, R Walter, T Wan, Z Wang, MJ Wang, SM Warburton, A Ward, B Waschke, S Waters, D Watts, T Weber, M Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Whiteson, D Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolfe, C Worm, S Wright, T Wu, X Wynne, SM Yagil, A Yamamoto, K Yamaoka, J Yamashita, Y Yang, C Yang, UK Yao, WM Yeh, GP Yoh, 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CA CDF Collaboration TI Measurement of the top quark mass with the dynamical likelihood method using lepton plus jets events with b-tags in (p)over-barp collisions at root s=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID MISSING MOMENTUM; ELECTROMAGNETIC CALORIMETER; PBARP COLLISIONS; PAIR PRODUCTION; CROSS-SECTION; CDF; DETECTOR; RECONSTRUCTION; DECAY; FRAGMENTATION AB This paper describes a measurement of the top quark mass, M-top, with the dynamical likelihood method (DLM) using the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. The Tevatron produces top/antitop (t (t) over bar) pairs in p (p) over bar collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV. The data sample used in this analysis was accumulated from March 2002 through August 2004, which corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 318 pb(-1). We use the t (t) over bar candidates in the "lepton+jets" decay channel, requiring at least one jet identified as a b quark by finding a displaced secondary vertex. The DLM defines a likelihood for each event based on the differential cross section as a function of M-top per unit phase space volume of the final partons, multiplied by the transfer functions from jet to parton energies. The method takes into account all possible jet combinations in an event, and the likelihood is multiplied event by event to derive the top quark mass by the maximum likelihood method. Using 63 t (t) over bar candidates observed in the data, with 9.2 events expected from background, we measure the top quark mass to be 173.2(-2.4)(+2.6)(stat.)+/- 3.2(syst.) GeV/c(2), or 173.2(-4.0)(+4.1) GeV/c(2). C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Nucl Res Inst, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div High Energy Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Moscow Theoret & Expt Phys Inst, ITEP, Moscow 117259, Russia. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova Trento, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IN2P3, LPNHE, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Pisa, Siena, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Abulencia, A (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; vilar, rocio/P-8480-2014; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Connolly, Amy/J-3958-2013; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016 OI Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117 NR 67 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 9 AR 092002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.73.092002 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 048MJ UT WOS:000237950900005 ER PT J AU Adler, SS Afanasiev, S Aidala, C Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Al-Jamel, A Alexander, J Aoki, K Aphecetche, L Armendariz, R Aronson, SH Averbeck, R Awes, TC Azmoun, B Babintsev, V Baldisseri, A Barish, KN Barnes, PD Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Batsouli, S Baublis, V Bauer, F Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Bennett, R Berdnikov, Y Bjorndal, MT Boissevain, JG Borel, H Boyle, K Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, JM Butsyk, S Camard, X Campbell, S Chai, JS Chand, P Chang, WC Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choi, IJ Choudhury, RK Chujo, T Cianciolo, V Cleven, CR Cobigo, Y Cole, BA Comets, MP Constantin, P Csanad, M Csorgo, T Cussonneau, JP d'Enterria, D Dahms, T Das, K David, G Deak, F Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Devismes, A Dietzsch, O Dion, A Drachenberg, JL Drapier, O Drees, A Dubey, AK Durum, A Dutta, D Dzhordzhadze, V Efremenko, YV Egdemir, J Enokizono, A En'yo, H Espagnon, B Esumi, S Fields, DE Finck, C Fleuret, F Fokin, SL Forestier, B Fox, BD Fraenkel, Z Frantz, JE Franz, A Frawley, AD Fukao, Y Fung, SY Gadrat, S Gastineau, F Germain, M Glenn, A Gonin, M Gosset, J Goto, Y de Cassagnac, RG Grau, N Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Gunji, T Gustafsson, HA Hachiya, T Henni, AH Haggerty, JS Hagiwara, MN Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Harada, H Hartouni, EP Haruna, K Harvey, M Haslum, E Hasuko, K Hayano, R He, X Heffner, M Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hidas, P Hiejima, H Hill, JC Hobbs, R Holmes, M Holzmann, W Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Horaguchi, T Hur, MG Ichihara, T Ikonnikov, VV Imai, K Inaba, M Inuzuka, M Isenhower, D Isenhower, L Ishihara, M Isobe, T Issah, M Isupov, A Jacak, BV Jia, J Jin, J Jinnouchi, O Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Jouan, D Kajihara, F Kametani, S Kamihara, N Kaneta, M Kang, JH Katou, K Kawabata, T Kawagishi, T Kazantsev, AV Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DJ Kim, E Kim, GB Kim, HJ Kim, YS Kinney, E Kiss, A Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Klein-Boesing, C Kobayashi, H Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Kohara, R Komkov, B Konno, M Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kuberg, CH Kunde, GJ Kurihara, N Kurita, K Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Lajoie, JG Le Bornec, Y Lebedev, A Leckey, S Lee, DM Lee, MK Leitch, MJ Leite, MAL Li, XH Lim, H Litvinenko, A Liu, MX Maguire, CF Makdisi, YI Malakhov, A Malik, MD Manko, VI Mao, Y Martinez, G Masui, H Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McCain, MC McGaughey, PL Miake, Y Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Moukhanova, TV Mukhopadhyay, D Muniruzzaman, M Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagata, Y Nagle, JL Naglis, M Nakamura, T Newby, J Nguyen, M Norman, BE Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Okada, H Okada, K Omiwade, OO Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Oyama, K Ozawa, K Pal, D Palounek, APT Pantuev, V Papavassiliou, V Park, J Park, WJ Pate, SF Pei, H Penev, V Peng, JC Pereira, H Peresedov, V Peressounko, DY Pierson, A Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Purschke, ML Purwar, AK Qu, H Qualls, JM Rak, J Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reuter, M Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Roche, G Romana, A Rosati, M Rosendahl, SSE Rosnet, P Rukoyatkin, P Rykov, VL Ryu, SS Sahlmueller, B Saito, N Sakaguchi, T Sakai, S Samsonov, V Sanfratello, L Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Sharma, D Shea, TK Shein, I Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shimomura, M Shohjoh, T Shoji, K Sickles, A Silva, CL Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Singh, CP Singh, V Skutnik, S Smith, WC Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sondheim, WE Sorensen, SP Sourikova, IV Staley, F Stankus, PW Stenlund, E Stepanov, M Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugitate, T Suire, C Sullivan, JP Sziklai, J Tabaru, T Takagi, S Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Tanida, K Tannenbaum, MJ Taranenko, A Tarjan, P Thomas, TL Togawa, M Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tram, VN Tserruya, I Tsuchimoto, Y Tuli, SK Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N Uam, TJ Valle, H van Hecke, HW Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Vertesi, R Veszpremi, V Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vznuzdaev, E Wagner, M Wang, XR Watanabe, Y Wessels, J White, SN Willis, N Winter, D Wohn, FK Woody, CL Wysocki, M Xie, W Yanovich, A Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Younus, I Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zaudtke, O Zhang, C Zhou, S Zimanyi, J Zolin, L Zong, X AF Adler, S. S. Afanasiev, S. Aidala, C. Ajitanand, N. N. Akiba, Y. Al-Jamel, A. Alexander, J. Aoki, K. Aphecetche, L. Armendariz, R. Aronson, S. H. Averbeck, R. Awes, T. C. Azmoun, B. Babintsev, V. Baldisseri, A. Barish, K. N. Barnes, P. D. Bassalleck, B. Bathe, S. Batsouli, S. Baublis, V. Bauer, F. Bazilevsky, A. Belikov, S. Bennett, R. Berdnikov, Y. Bjorndal, M. T. Boissevain, J. G. Borel, H. Boyle, K. Brooks, M. L. Brown, D. S. Bruner, N. Bucher, D. Buesching, H. Bumazhnov, V. Bunce, G. Burward-Hoy, J. M. Butsyk, S. Camard, X. Campbell, S. Chai, J. -S. Chand, P. Chang, W. C. Chernichenko, S. Chi, C. Y. Chiba, J. Chiu, M. Choi, I. J. Choudhury, R. K. Chujo, T. Cianciolo, V. Cleven, C. R. Cobigo, Y. Cole, B. A. Comets, M. P. Constantin, P. Csanad, M. Csorgo, T. Cussonneau, J. P. d'Enterria, D. Dahms, T. Das, K. David, G. Deak, F. Delagrange, H. Denisov, A. Deshpande, A. Desmond, E. J. Devismes, A. Dietzsch, O. Dion, A. Drachenberg, J. L. Drapier, O. Drees, A. Dubey, A. K. Durum, A. Dutta, D. Dzhordzhadze, V. Efremenko, Y. V. Egdemir, J. Enokizono, A. En'yo, H. Espagnon, B. Esumi, S. Fields, D. E. Finck, C. Fleuret, F. Fokin, S. L. Forestier, B. Fox, B. D. Fraenkel, Z. Frantz, J. E. Franz, A. Frawley, A. D. Fukao, Y. Fung, S. -Y. Gadrat, S. Gastineau, F. Germain, M. Glenn, A. Gonin, M. Gosset, J. Goto, Y. de Cassagnac, R. Granier Grau, N. Greene, S. V. Perdekamp, M. Grosse Gunji, T. Gustafsson, H. -A . Hachiya, T. Henni, A. Hadj Haggerty, J. S. Hagiwara, M. N. Hamagaki, H. Hansen, A. G. Harada, H. Hartouni, E. P. Haruna, K. Harvey, M. Haslum, E. Hasuko, K. Hayano, R. He, X. Heffner, M. Hemmick, T. K. Heuser, J. M. Hidas, P. Hiejima, H. Hill, J. C. Hobbs, R. Holmes, M. Holzmann, W. Homma, K. Hong, B. Hoover, A. Horaguchi, T. Hur, M. G. Ichihara, T. Ikonnikov, V. V. Imai, K. Inaba, M. Inuzuka, M. Isenhower, D. Isenhower, L. Ishihara, M. Isobe, T. Issah, M. Isupov, A. Jacak, B. V. Jia, J. Jin, J. Jinnouchi, O. Johnson, B. M. Johnson, S. C. Joo, K. S. Jouan, D. Kajihara, F. Kametani, S. Kamihara, N. Kaneta, M. Kang, J. H. Katou, K. Kawabata, T. Kawagishi, T. Kazantsev, A. V. Kelly, S. Khachaturov, B. Khanzadeev, A. Kikuchi, J. Kim, D. J. Kim, E. Kim, G. -B. Kim, H. J. Kim, Y. -S. Kinney, E. Kiss, A. Kistenev, E. Kiyomichi, A. Klein-Boesing, C. Kobayashi, H. Kochenda, L. Kochetkov, V. Kohara, R. Komkov, B. Konno, M. Kotchetkov, D. Kozlov, A. Kroon, P. J. Kuberg, C. H. Kunde, G. J. Kurihara, N. Kurita, K. Kweon, M. J. Kwon, Y. Kyle, G. S. Lacey, R. Lajoie, J. G. Le Bornec, Y. Lebedev, A. Leckey, S. Lee, D. M. Lee, M. K. Leitch, M. J. Leite, M. A. L. Li, X. H. Lim, H. Litvinenko, A. Liu, M. X. Maguire, C. F. Makdisi, Y. I. Malakhov, A. Malik, M. D. Manko, V. I. Mao, Y. Martinez, G. Masui, H. Matathias, F. Matsumoto, T. McCain, M. C. McGaughey, P. L. Miake, Y. Miller, T. E. Milov, A. Mioduszewski, S. Mishra, G. C. Mitchell, J. T. Mohanty, A. K. Morrison, D. P. Moss, J. M. Moukhanova, T. V. Mukhopadhyay, D. Muniruzzaman, M. Murata, J. Nagamiya, S. Nagata, Y. Nagle, J. L. Naglis, M. Nakamura, T. Newby, J. Nguyen, M. Norman, B. E. Nyanin, A. S. Nystrand, J. O'Brien, E. Ogilvie, C. A. Ohnishi, H. Ojha, I. D. Okada, H. Okada, K. Omiwade, O. O. Oskarsson, A. Otterlund, I. Oyama, K. Ozawa, K. Pal, D. Palounek, A. P. T. Pantuev, V. Papavassiliou, V. Park, J. Park, W. J. Pate, S. F. Pei, H. Penev, V. Peng, J. -C. Pereira, H. Peresedov, V. Peressounko, D. Yu. Pierson, A. Pinkenburg, C. Pisani, R. P. Purschke, M. L. Purwar, A. K. Qu, H. Qualls, J. M. Rak, J. Ravinovich, I. Read, K. F. Reuter, M. Reygers, K. Riabov, V. Riabov, Y. Roche, G. Romana, A. Rosati, M. Rosendahl, S. S. E. Rosnet, P. Rukoyatkin, P. Rykov, V. L. Ryu, S. S. Sahlmueller, B. Saito, N. Sakaguchi, T. Sakai, S. Samsonov, V. Sanfratello, L. Santo, R. Sato, H. D. Sato, S. Sawada, S. Schutz, Y. Semenov, V. Seto, R. Sharma, D. Shea, T. K. Shein, I. Shibata, T. -A. Shigaki, K. Shimomura, M. Shohjoh, T. Shoji, K. Sickles, A. Silva, C. L. Silvermyr, D. Sim, K. S. Singh, C. P. Singh, V. Skutnik, S. Smith, W. C. Soldatov, A. Soltz, R. A. Sondheim, W. E. Sorensen, S. P. Sourikova, I. V. Staley, F. Stankus, P. W. Stenlund, E. Stepanov, M. Ster, A. Stoll, S. P. Sugitate, T. Suire, C. Sullivan, J. P. Sziklai, J. Tabaru, T. Takagi, S. Takagui, E. M. Taketani, A. Tanaka, K. H. Tanaka, Y. Tanida, K. Tannenbaum, M. J. Taranenko, A. Tarjan, P. Thomas, T. L. Togawa, M. Tojo, J. Torii, H. Towell, R. S. Tram, V-N. Tserruya, I. Tsuchimoto, Y. Tuli, S. K. Tydesjo, H. Tyurin, N. Uam, T. J. Valle, H. van Hecke, H. W. Velkovska, J. Velkovsky, M. Vertesi, R. Veszpremi, V. Vinogradov, A. A. Volkov, M. A. Vznuzdaev, E. Wagner, M. Wang, X. R. Watanabe, Y. Wessels, J. White, S. N. Willis, N. Winter, D. Wohn, F. K. Woody, C. L. Wysocki, M. Xie, W. Yanovich, A. Yokkaichi, S. Young, G. R. Younus, I. Yushmanov, I. E. Zajc, W. A. Zaudtke, O. Zhang, C. Zhou, S. Zimanyi, J. Zolin, L. Zong, X. CA PHENIX Collaboration TI Improved measurement of double helicity asymmetry in inclulsive midrapidity pi(0) production for polarized p+p collisions at root s=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SPIN STRUCTURE; SCATTERING; PROTON AB We present an improved measurement of the double helicity asymmetry for pi(0) production in polarized proton-proton scattering at root s=200 GeV employing the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The improvements to our previous measurement come from two main factors: Inclusion of a new data set from the 2004 RHIC run with higher beam polarizations than the earlier run and a recalibration of the beam polarization measurements for the earlier run, which resulted in reduced uncertainties and increased beam polarizations. The results are compared to a Next to Leading Order (NLO) perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (pQCD) calculation with a range of polarized gluon distributions. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Abilene Christian Univ, Abilene, TX 79699 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Ctr Nucl Study, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. CEA Saclay, Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Debrecen Univ, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary. Eotvos Lorand Univ, ELTE, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. IHEP Protvino, State Res Ctr Russian Federat, Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142281, Russia. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. KAERI, Cyclotron Applicat Lab, Seoul, South Korea. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Hungarian Acad Sci, MTA KFKI RMKI, KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Kurchatov Inst, Russian Res Ctr, Moscow, Russia. Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, IN2P3, LPC, F-63177 Clermont Ferrand, France. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Myongji Univ, Yongin 449728, Konggido, South Korea. Nagasaki Inst Appl Sci, Nagasaki 8510193, Japan. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, IPN, F-91406 Orsay, France. Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, PNPI, Gatchina 188300, Leningrad Reg, Russia. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1718501, Japan. St Petersburg State Polytech Univ, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Seoul Natl Univ, Syst Elect Lab, Seoul, South Korea. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Nantes, CNRS, IN2P3, SUBATECH Ecole Mines Nantes, F-44307 Nantes, France. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Waseda Univ, Adv Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1620044, Japan. Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Yonsei Univ, IPAP, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Adler, SS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM zajc@nevis.columbia.edu RI Semenov, Vitaliy/E-9584-2017; seto, richard/G-8467-2011; Csanad, Mate/D-5960-2012; Csorgo, Tamas/I-4183-2012; YANG, BOGEUM/I-8251-2012; Dahms, Torsten/A-8453-2015; En'yo, Hideto/B-2440-2015; Hayano, Ryugo/F-7889-2012; HAMAGAKI, HIDEKI/G-4899-2014; Durum, Artur/C-3027-2014; Sorensen, Soren /K-1195-2016; Yokkaichi, Satoshi/C-6215-2017; Taketani, Atsushi/E-1803-2017 OI Campbell, Sarah/0000-0001-6717-9744; Csorgo, Tamas/0000-0002-9110-9663; Dahms, Torsten/0000-0003-4274-5476; Hayano, Ryugo/0000-0002-1214-7806; Sorensen, Soren /0000-0002-5595-5643; Taketani, Atsushi/0000-0002-4776-2315 NR 10 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 8 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 9 AR 091102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.73.091102 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 048MJ UT WOS:000237950900002 ER PT J AU Aoki, S Bar, O Takeda, S AF Aoki, S Bar, O Takeda, S TI Vector meson masses in 2+1 flavor Wilson chiral perturbation theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LATTICE; QUARKS AB We calculate the vector meson masses in N-f=2+1 Wilson chiral perturbation theory at next-to-leading order. Generalizing the framework of heavy vector meson chiral perturbation theory, the quark mass and the lattice cutoff dependence of the vector meson masses is derived. Our chiral order counting assumes that the lattice cutoff artifacts are of the order of the typical pion momenta, p similar to a Lambda(2)(QCD). This counting scheme is consistent with the one in the pseudoscalar meson sector where the O(a(2)) terms are included in the leading order chiral Lagrangian. C1 Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Pure & Appl Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Aoki, S (reprint author), Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Pure & Appl Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. OI Baer, Oliver/0000-0002-7480-6467 NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 9 AR 094501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.73.094501 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 048MJ UT WOS:000237950900044 ER PT J AU Aoki, Y Blum, T Christ, NH Dawson, C Izubuchi, T Mawhinney, RD Noaki, J Ohta, S Orginos, K Soni, A Yamada, N AF Aoki, Y. Blum, T. Christ, N. H. Dawson, C. Izubuchi, T. Mawhinney, R. D. Noaki, J. Ohta, S. Orginos, K. Soni, A. Yamada, N. TI Kaon B-parameter from quenched domain-wall QCD SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID WEAK MATRIX-ELEMENTS; CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; OVERLAP DIRAC OPERATOR; DBW2 GAUGE ACTION; TO-LEADING ORDER; LATTICE QCD; NONPERTURBATIVE RENORMALIZATION; FERMIONS; QUARKS; WILSON AB We present numerical results for the kaon B-parameter, B-K, determined in the quenched approximation of lattice QCD. Our simulations are performed using domain-wall fermions and the renormalization group improved, DBW2 gauge action which combine to give quarks with good chiral symmetry at finite lattice spacing. Operators are renormalized nonperturbatively using the RI/MOM scheme. We study scaling by performing the simulation on two different lattices with a(-1)=1.982(30) and 2.914(54) GeV. We combine this quenched scaling study with an earlier calculation of B-K using two flavors of dynamical, domain-wall quarks at a single lattice spacing to obtain B-K((MS) over bar NDR)(mu=2 GeV)=0.563(21)(39)(30), were the first error is statistical, the second systematic (without quenching errors) and the third estimates the error due to quenching. C1 Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Kanazawa Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Grad Univ Adv Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Aoki, Y (reprint author), Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, Gaussstr 20, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany. NR 60 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 EI 1550-2368 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 9 AR 094507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.73.094507 PG 33 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 048MJ UT WOS:000237950900050 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Barate, R Bona, M Boutigny, D Couderc, F Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Grauges, E Palano, A Pappagallo, M Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadyk, JA Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Wenzel, WA Barrett, M Ford, KE Harrison, TJ Hart, AJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schroeder, T Steinke, M Boyd, JT Burke, JP Cottingham, WN Walker, D Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Khan, A Kyberd, P Saleem, M Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Todyshev, KY Best, DS Bondioli, M Bruinsma, M Chao, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Abachi, S Buchanan, C Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Long, O Shen, BC Wang, K Zhang, L Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Cunha, A Dahmes, B Hong, TM Kovalskyi, D Richman, JD Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Nesom, G Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Andreassen, R Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, PC Chen, S Ford, WT Hirschauer, JF Kreisel, A Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Ruddick, WO Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Zhang, J Chen, A Eckhart, EA Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Winklmeier, F Zeng, Q Altenburg, DD Feltresi, E Hauke, A Jasper, H Spaan, B Brandt, T Klose, V Lacker, HM Mader, WF Nogowski, R Petzold, A Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Volk, A Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Grenier, P Latour, E Thiebaux, C Verderi, M Bard, DJ Clark, PJ Gradl, W Muheim, F Playfer, S Robertson, AI Xie, Y Andreotti, M Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Petrella, A Piemontese, L Prencipe, E Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Pacetti, S Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Rama, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Lo Vetere, M Macri, MM Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Brandenburg, G Chaisanguanthum, KS Morii, M Wu, J Dubitzky, RS Marks, J Schenk, S Uwer, U Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Flack, RL Gaillard, JR Nash, JA Nikolich, MB Vazquez, WP Chai, X Charles, MJ Mallik, U Meyer, NT Ziegler, V Cochran, J Crawley, HB Dong, L Eyges, V Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Rubin, AE Gritsan, AV Fritsch, M 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CA BaBar Collaboration TI Measurements of branching fractions, rate asymmetries, and angular distributions in the rare decays B -> Kl(+)l(-) and B -> K(*)l(+)l(-) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-CONE QCD; SUM-RULE ANALYSIS; STANDARD MODEL; B->K-ASTERISK-L(+)L(-); B->KL(+)L(-); PHYSICS AB We present measurements of the flavor-changing neutral current decays B -> K center dot(+)center dot(-) and B -> K-*center dot(+)center dot(-), where center dot(+)center dot(-) is either an e(+)e(-) or mu(+)mu(-) pair. The data sample comprises 229x10(6) Upsilon(4S)-> B (B) over bar decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e(+)e(-) storage ring. Flavor-changing neutral current decays are highly suppressed in the standard model and their predicted properties could be significantly modified by new physics at the electroweak scale. We measure the branching fractions B(B -> K center dot(+)center dot(-))=(0.34 +/- 0.07 +/- 0.02)x10(-6), B(B -> K-*center dot(+)center dot(-))=(0.78(-0.17)(+0.19)+/- 0.11)x10(-6), the direct CP asymmetries of these decays, and the relative abundances of decays to electrons and muons. For two regions in center dot(+)center dot(-) mass, above and below m(J/psi), we measure partial branching fractions and the forward-backward angular asymmetry of the lepton pair. In these same regions we also measure the K-* longitudinal polarization in B -> K-*center dot(+)center dot(-) decays. Upper limits are obtained for the lepton-flavor-violating decays B -> Ke mu and B -> K(*)e mu. All measurements are consistent with standard model expectations. C1 Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept Estructura & Constituents Mat, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, LLR, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 11, Ctr Sci Orsay, F-91898 Orsay, France. 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RI Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; dong, liaoyuan/A-5093-2015; Rizzo, Giuliana/A-8516-2015; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; OI Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Wilson, Robert/0000-0002-8184-4103; Strube, Jan/0000-0001-7470-9301; Barlow, Roger/0000-0002-8295-8612; Chen, Chunhui /0000-0003-1589-9955; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Egede, Ulrik/0000-0001-5493-0762; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Paoloni, Eugenio/0000-0001-5969-8712; Lanceri, Livio/0000-0001-8220-3095; Carpinelli, Massimo/0000-0002-8205-930X; Sciacca, Crisostomo/0000-0002-8412-4072; Adye, Tim/0000-0003-0627-5059; Lafferty, George/0000-0003-0658-4919; Faccini, Riccardo/0000-0003-2613-5141; Cavoto, Gianluca/0000-0003-2161-918X; Hamel de Monchenault, Gautier/0000-0002-3872-3592; dong, liaoyuan/0000-0002-4773-5050; Pacetti, Simone/0000-0002-6385-3508; Galeazzi, Fulvio/0000-0002-6830-9982; Covarelli, Roberto/0000-0003-1216-5235; Rizzo, Giuliana/0000-0003-1788-2866; Cristinziani, Markus/0000-0003-3893-9171; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Cibinetto, Gianluigi/0000-0002-3491-6231; Bettarini, Stefano/0000-0001-7742-2998 NR 41 TC 373 Z9 378 U1 7 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. 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Roberts, D. A. Simi, G. Blaylock, G. Dallapiccola, C. Hertzbach, S. S. Li, X. Moore, T. B. Saremi, S. Staengle, H. Willocq, S. Y. Cowan, R. Koeneke, K. Sciolla, G. Sekula, S. J. Spitznagel, M. Taylor, F. Yamamoto, R. K. Kim, H. Patel, P. M. Potter, C. T. Robertson, S. H. Lazzaro, A. Lombardo, V. Palombo, F. Bauer, J. M. Cremaldi, L. Eschenburg, V. Godang, R. Kroeger, R. Reidy, J. Sanders, D. A. Summers, D. J. Zhao, H. W. Brunet, S. Cote, D. Simard, M. Taras, P. Viaud, F. B. Nicholson, H. Cavallo, N. De Nardo, G. del Re, D. Fabozzi, F. Gatto, C. Lista, L. Monorchio, D. Paolucci, P. Piccolo, D. Sciacca, C. Baak, M. Bulten, H. Raven, G. Snoek, H. L. Jessop, C. P. LoSecco, J. M. Allmendinger, T. Benelli, G. Gan, K. K. Honscheid, K. Hufnagel, D. Jackson, P. D. Kagan, H. Kass, R. Pulliam, T. Rahimi, A. M. Ter-Antonyan, R. Wong, Q. K. Blount, N. L. Brau, J. Frey, R. Igonkina, O. Lu, M. Rahmat, R. Sinev, N. B. Strom, D. Strube, J. Torrence, E. Galeazzi, F. Gaz, A. Margoni, M. Morandin, M. 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Hamel Kozanecki, W. Legendre, M. Mayer, B. Vasseur, G. Yeche, Ch. Zito, M. Park, W. Purohit, M. V. Weidemann, A. W. Wilson, J. R. Allen, M. T. Aston, D. Bartoldus, R. Bechtle, P. Berger, N. Boyarski, A. M. Claus, R. Coleman, J. P. Convery, M. R. Cristinziani, M. Dingfelder, J. C. Dong, D. Dorfan, J. Dubois-Felsmann, G. P. Dujmic, D. Dunwoodie, W. Field, R. C. Glanzman, T. Gowdy, S. J. Graham, M. T. Halyo, V. Hast, C. Hryn'ova, T. Innes, W. R. Kelsey, M. H. Kim, P. Kocian, M. L. Leith, D. W. G. S. Li, S. Libby, J. Luitz, S. Luth, V. Lynch, H. L. MacFarlane, D. B. Marsiske, H. Messner, R. Muller, D. R. O'Grady, C. P. Ozcan, V. E. Perazzo, A. Perl, M. Ratcliff, B. N. Roodman, A. Salnikov, A. A. Schindler, R. H. Schwiening, J. Snyder, A. Stelzer, J. Su, D. Sullivan, M. K. Suzuki, K. Swain, S. K. Thompson, J. M. Va'vra, J. van Bakel, N. Weaver, M. Weinstein, A. J. R. Wisniewski, W. J. Wittgen, M. Wright, D. H. Yarritu, A. K. Yi, K. Young, C. C. Burchat, P. R. Edwards, A. J. Majewski, S. A. Petersen, B. A. Roat, C. Wilden, L. Ahmed, S. Alam, M. S. Bula, R. Ernst, J. A. Jain, V. Pan, B. Saeed, M. A. Wappler, F. R. Zain, S. B. Bugg, W. Krishnamurthy, M. Spanier, S. M. Eckmann, R. Ritchie, J. L. Satpathy, A. Schilling, C. J. Schwitters, R. F. Izen, J. M. Kitayama, I. Lou, X. C. Ye, S. Bianchi, F. Gallo, F. Gamba, D. Bomben, M. Bosisio, L. Cartaro, C. Cossutti, F. Della Ricca, G. Dittongo, S. Grancagnolo, S. Lanceri, L. Vitale, L. Azzolini, V. Martinez-Vidal, F. Banerjee, Sw. Bhuyan, B. Brown, C. M. Fortin, D. Hamano, K. Kowalewski, R. Nugent, I. M. Roney, J. M. Sobie, R. J. Back, J. J. Harrison, P. F. Latham, T. E. Mohanty, G. B. Band, H. R. Chen, X. Cheng, B. Dasu, S. Datta, M. Eichenbaum, A. M. Flood, K. T. Hollar, J. J. Johnson, J. R. Kutter, P. E. Li, H. Liu, R. Mellado, B. Mihalyi, A. Mohapatra, A. K. Pan, Y. Pierini, M. Prepost, R. Tan, P. Wu, S. L. Yu, Z. Neal, H. CA BaBar Collaboration TI Search for the charmed pentaquark candidate Theta(c)(3100)(0) in e(+)e(-) annihilations at root s=10.58 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE-STRANGENESS; BARYON STATE; PHOTOPRODUCTION; RESONANCE; DETECTOR; PHYSICS; MASS AB We search for the charmed pentaquark candidate reported by the H1 collaboration, the Theta(c)(3100)(0), in e(+)e(-) interactions at a center-of-mass (c.m.) energy of 10.58 GeV, using 124 fb(-1) of data recorded with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e(+)e(-) facility at SLAC. We find no evidence for such a state in the same pD(*-) decay mode reported by H1, and we set limits on its production cross section times branching fraction into pD(*-) as a function of c.m. momentum. The corresponding limit on its total rate per e(+)e(-)-> q (q) over bar event, times branching fraction, is about 3 orders of magnitude lower than rates measured for the charmed Lambda(c) and Sigma(c) baryons in such events. C1 Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, LLR, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 11, Ctr Sci Orsay, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Univ London, Queen Mary, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. NIKHEF, Natl Inst Nucl & High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Phys Corpusculaire Lab, Clermont Ferrand, France. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; M, Saleem/B-9137-2013; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015 OI Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Egede, Ulrik/0000-0001-5493-0762; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; NR 21 TC 105 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 9 AR 091101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.73.091101 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 048MJ UT WOS:000237950900001 ER PT J AU Beun, J McLaughlin, GC Surman, R Hix, WR AF Beun, J. McLaughlin, G. C. Surman, R. Hix, W. R. TI Fission cycling in supernova nucleosynthesis: Active-sterile neutrino oscillations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID R-PROCESS NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; DRIVEN WINDS; METAL-POOR; QUASI-EQUILIBRIUM; DELAYED FISSION; TERNARY FISSION; STAR MERGERS; EARLY GALAXY; NUCLEAR AB We investigate nucleosynthesis in the supernova post-core bounce neutrino-driven wind environment in the presence of active-sterile neutrino transformation. We consider active-sterile neutrino oscillations for a range of mixing parameters: vacuum mass-squared differences of 0.1 eV(2)<=delta m(2)<= 100 eV(2), and vacuum mixing angles of sin(2)2 theta(v)>= 10(-4). We find a consistent r-process pattern for a large range of mixing parameters that is in rough agreement with the halo star CS 22892-052 abundances and the pattern shape is determined by fission cycling. We find that the allowed region for the formation of the r-process peaks overlaps the liquid scintillator neutron detector (LSND) and null-short baseline (NSBL) (3+1) allowed region. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27595 USA. Union Coll, Dept Phys, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Beun, J (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27595 USA. EM jbbeun@unity.ncsu.edu RI Hix, William/E-7896-2011 OI Hix, William/0000-0002-9481-9126 NR 74 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 9 AR 093007 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.73.093007 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 048MJ UT WOS:000237950900014 ER PT J AU Binger, M AF Binger, Michael TI Higgs boson mass in split supersymmetry at two-loops SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID RENORMALIZATION-GROUP EQUATIONS; QUANTUM-FIELD THEORY; STANDARD MODEL; ORDER ALPHA(3)(S); QUARK; (MS)OVER-BAR; COUPLINGS; PHYSICS; SEARCH AB The mass of the Higgs boson in the split-supersymmetric standard model is calculated, including all one-loop threshold effects and the renormalization group evolution of the Higgs quartic coupling through two-loops. The two-loop corrections are very small (<< 1 GeV), while the one-loop threshold corrections generally push the Higgs mass down several GeV. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Binger, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM mwbinger@stanford.edu NR 31 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 EI 1550-2368 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 9 AR 095001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.73.095001 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 048MJ UT WOS:000237950900056 ER PT J AU Flacke, T Hooper, D March-Russell, J AF Flacke, Thomas Hooper, Dan March-Russell, John TI Improved bounds on universal extra dimensions and consequences for Kaluza-Klein dark matter SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID OBSERVABLES; PROGRAM; IMPACT; MASS; LEP2; TEV AB We study constraints on models with a flat universal extra dimension in which all standard model fields propagate in the bulk. A significantly improved constraint on the compactification scale is obtained from the extended set of electroweak precision observables accurately measured at LEP1 and LEP2. We find a lower bound of M-c=R-1 > 700(800) GeV at the 99% (95%) confidence level. We also discuss the implications of this constraint on the prospects for the direct and indirect detection of Kaluza-Klein dark matter in this model. C1 Univ Oxford, Rudolf Peierls Ctr Theoret Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theoret Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Flacke, T (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Rudolf Peierls Ctr Theoret Phys, 1 Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. NR 50 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 EI 1550-2368 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 9 AR 095002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.73.095002 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 048MJ UT WOS:000237950900057 ER PT J AU Friedland, A McKellar, BHJ Okuniewicz, I AF Friedland, A McKellar, BHJ Okuniewicz, I TI Construction and analysis of a simplified many-body neutrino model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID OSCILLATIONS; MATTER; SPECTROSCOPY AB In dense neutrino systems, such as found in the early Universe, or near a supernova core, neutrino flavor evolution is affected by coherent neutrino-neutrino scattering. It has been recently suggested that many-particle quantum entanglement effects may play an essential role in these systems, potentially invalidating the traditional description in terms of a set of single-particle evolution equations. We model the neutrino system by a system of interacting spins, following an earlier work which showed that such a spin system can in some cases be solved exactly [A. Friedland and C. Lunardini, J. High Energy Phys. 10 (2003) 043.]. We extend this work by constructing an exact analytical solution to a more general spin system, including initial states with asymmetric spin distribution and, moreover, not necessarily aligned along the same axis. Our solution exhibits a rich set of behaviors, including coherent oscillations and dephasing and a transition from the classical to quantum regimes. We argue that the classical evolution of the spin system captures the entire coherent behavior of the neutrino system, while the quantum effects in the spin system capture some, but not all, of the neutrino incoherent evolution. By comparing the spin and neutrino systems, we find no evidence for the violation of the accepted one-body description, though the argument involves some subtleties not appreciated before. The analysis in this paper may apply to other two-state systems beyond the neutrino field. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Melbourne, High Energy Phys Res Ctr, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. RP Friedland, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-8,MS B285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM friedland@lanl.gov; b.mckellar@physics.unimelb.edu.au; ivona@physics.unimelb.edu.au NR 25 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 9 AR 093002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.73.093002 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 048MJ UT WOS:000237950900009 ER PT J AU Fukushima, K AF Fukushima, Kenji TI Characterizing the Larkin-Ovchinnikov-Fulde-Ferrel phase induced by the chromomagnetic instability SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID 2-FLAVOR COLOR SUPERCONDUCTOR; EXCHANGE FIELD; QCD AB We discuss possible destinations from the chromomagnetic instability in color superconductors with Fermi surface mismatch delta mu. In the two-flavor superconducting (2SC) phase we calculate the effective potential for color vector potentials A(alpha) which are interpreted as the net momenta q of pairing in the Larkin-Ovchinnikov-Fulde-Ferrel (LOFF) phase. When 1/root 2 m Psi, where m is a light meson and Psi is a charmonium state, are of great interest for the planned p (p) over bar experiment PANDA. In this paper we estimate these cross sections using known results for the decays Psi -> mp (p) over bar, which are related to these reactions by crossing. In lieu of detailed experimental data on the decay Dalitz plots, we assume a constant amplitude as a first approximation; this implies a simple relation between the cross sections and decay widths. The single measured exclusive cross section of this type is p (p) over bar ->pi(0)J/psi, which was reported by E760 to be 130 +/- 25pb near root s=3.5-3.6 GeV. In comparison, our constant amplitude estimate is about 300 pb at this energy. This suggests that our approach is useful as a simple estimate, but should be refined through detailed modeling of resonances and other energy-dependent effects in the Psi -> mp (p) over bar Dalitz plots. C1 Uppsala Univ, Dept Radiat Sci, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lundborg, A (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Radiat Sci, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. EM agnes.lundborg@tsl.uu.se; tbarnes@utk.edu; ulrich.wiedner@tsl.uu.se NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 9 AR 096003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.73.096003 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 048MJ UT WOS:000237950900065 ER PT J AU Numao, T Davydov, YI Poutissou, JM Awes, TC Cianciolo, V Berridge, S Bugg, W Efremenko, Y Gearhart, R Ovchinnikov, S AF Numao, T Davydov, YI Poutissou, JM Awes, TC Cianciolo, V Berridge, S Bugg, W Efremenko, Y Gearhart, R Ovchinnikov, S TI Search for free decay of negative pions in water and light materials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-HELIUM; NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS; BRANCHING RATIO; CASCADE TIME; ABSORPTION; HYDROGEN; CAPTURE; PI; MODERATION; EMISSION AB We report on a search for the free-decay component of pi(-) stopped in water and light materials. A nonzero value of this would be an indication of anomalous (nu) over bar (e) contamination to the nu(e) and (nu) over bar (mu) production at stopped-pion neutrino facilities. No free-decay component of pi(-) was observed in water, Beryllium, and Aluminum, for which upper limits were established at 8.2x10(-4), 3.2x10(-3), and 7.7x10(-3), respectively. C1 TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Numao, T (reprint author), TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. OI cianciolo, thomas vincent/0000-0002-9441-3222 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 9 AR 092004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.73.092004 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 048MJ UT WOS:000237950900007 ER PT J AU Orginos, K Blum, T Ohta, S AF Orginos, K. Blum, T. Ohta, S. TI Nucleon structure functions with domain wall fermions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; POLARIZED QUARK DISTRIBUTIONS; ODD PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; LATTICE QCD; NONPERTURBATIVE RENORMALIZATION; PROTON SCATTERING; TWIST-2 OPERATORS; MATRIX-ELEMENTS; CHIRAL FERMIONS; JET DATA AB We present a quenched lattice QCD calculation of the first few moments of the polarized and unpolarized structure functions of the nucleon. Our calculations are done using domain wall fermions and the DBW2 gauge action with inverse lattice spacing a(-1)approximate to 1.3 GeV, physical volume V approximate to(2.4 fm)(3), and light quark masses down to about 1/4 the strange quark mass (m(pi)approximate to 400 MeV). Values of the individual moments are found to be significantly larger than experiment, as in past lattice calculations, but interestingly the chiral symmetry of domain wall fermions allows for a precise determination of the ratio of the flavor nonsinglet momentum fraction to the helicity distribution, < x >(u-d)/< x >(Delta u-Delta d), which is in very good agreement with experiment. We discuss the implications of this result. Next, we show that the chiral symmetry of domain wall fermions is useful in eliminating mixing of power divergent lower dimensional operators with twist-3 operators. Finally, we compute the isovector tensor charge at renormalization scale mu=2 GeV in the (MS) over bar scheme, < 1 >(delta u-delta d)=1.192(30), where the error is the statistical error only. C1 MIT, CTP LNS, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Grad Univ Adv Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RP Orginos, K (reprint author), MIT, CTP LNS, Room 6-304,77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 68 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 9 AR 094503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.73.094503 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 048MJ UT WOS:000237950900046 ER PT J AU Zaharijas, G Hooper, D AF Zaharijas, Gabrijela Hooper, Dan TI Challenges in detecting gamma-rays from dark matter annihilations in the galactic center SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID NEUTRALINO ANNIHILATION; BLACK-HOLE; MILKY-WAY; RADIATION; HALOS AB Atmospheric Cerenkov Telescopes, including HESS and MAGIC, have detected a spectrum of gamma-rays from the galactic center region which extends from similar to 200 GeV or lower, to at least similar to 10 TeV. Although the source of this radiation is not yet known, the spectrum appears to behave as a simple power-law, which is not the expectation for gamma-rays generated through the annihilation of dark matter particles. If instead we conclude that the source of these gamma-rays is astrophysical in origin, this spectrum will constitute a background for future dark matter searches using gamma-rays from this region. In this paper we study how this background will affect the prospects for experiments such as GLAST to detect dark matter in the galactic center. We find that only a narrow range of dark matter annihilation rates are potentially observable by GLAST given this newly discovered background and considering current constraints from EGRET and HESS. We also find that a detection of line emission, while not completely ruled out, is only possible for a very narrow range of dark matter models and halo profiles. C1 Particle Astrophys Ctr, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Zaharijas, G (reprint author), Particle Astrophys Ctr, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. OI Zaharijas, Gabrijela/0000-0001-8484-7791 NR 43 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 10 AR 103501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.73.103501 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 048ML UT WOS:000237951100011 ER PT J AU Aranson, IS Malloggi, F Clement, E AF Aranson, Igor S. Malloggi, Florent Clement, Eric TI Transverse instability of avalanches in granular flows down an incline SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article AB Avalanche experiments on an erodible substrate are analyzed using the "partial fluidization" model of dense granular flows. The model identifies a family of propagating solitonlike avalanches with shape and velocity controlled by the inclination angle and the depth of the substrate. At high inclination angles, the solitons display a transverse instability, followed by coarsening and fingering similar to recent experimental observation. A primary cause for the transverse instability is directly related to the dependence of the soliton velocity on the granular mass trapped in the avalanche. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. ESPCI, Lab Phys & Mecan Milieux Heterogenes, UMR 7636, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France. Univ Paris 06, F-75005 Paris, France. RP Aranson, IS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Aranson, Igor/I-4060-2013 NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 5 AR 050302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.73.050302 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 048MN UT WOS:000237951300002 PM 16802907 ER PT J AU Brown, LS Dooling, DC Preston, DL AF Brown, LS Dooling, DC Preston, DL TI Highly charged ions in a dilute plasma: An exact asymptotic solution involving strong coupling SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article AB The ion sphere model introduced long ago by Salpeter is placed in a rigorous theoretical setting. The leading corrections to this model for very highly charged but dilute ions in thermal equilibrium with a weakly coupled, one-component background plasma are explicitly computed, and the subleading corrections shown to be negligibly small. This is done using the effective field theory methods advocated by Brown and Yaffe. Thus, corrections to nuclear reaction rates that such highly charged ions may undergo can be computed precisely. Moreover, their contribution to the equation of state can also be computed with precision. Such analytic results for very strong coupling are rarely available, and they can serve as benchmarks for testing computer models in this limit. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brown, LS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Dooling, David/0000-0001-9837-936X NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 5 AR 056406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.73.056406 PN 2 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 048MO UT WOS:000237951400068 PM 16803049 ER PT J AU Daligault, J AF Daligault, J TI Crystal nucleation in the one-component plasma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID HOMOGENEOUS NUCLEATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CRYSTALLIZATION; SIMULATION; LIQUIDS; TRANSITION; SYSTEM; ORDER AB We have performed molecular dynamics simulations to study the kinetics of crystal nucleation in the one-component plasma. We have monitored nucleation in the supercooled liquid phase by following the time evolution of the size distribution of crystal nuclei formed during the phase transition. Although several observations are consistent with classical nucleation theory such as transient effects and the existence of a free-energy barrier to crystallization, we could not unambiguously identify a critical size for the crystal nuclei formed within the metastable phase. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Daligault, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM daligault@lanl.gov NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 5 AR 056407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.73.056407 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 048MO UT WOS:000237951400069 PM 16803050 ER PT J AU Rapti, Z Smerzi, A Rasmussen, KO Bishop, AR Choi, CH Usheva, A AF Rapti, Z Smerzi, A Rasmussen, KO Bishop, AR Choi, CH Usheva, A TI Healing length and bubble formation in DNA SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID PEYRARD-BISHOP MODEL; DENATURATION AB It has been suggested that thermally induced separations ("bubbles") of the DNA double-strand may play a role in the initiation of gene transcription, and an accurate understanding of the sequence dependence of thermal strand separation is therefore desirable. Based on the Peyrard-Bishop-Dauxois model, we show here that the bubble forming ability of DNA can be quantified in terms of a healing length L(n), defined as the length (number of base-pairs) over which a base-pair defect affects bubbles involving n consecutive base-pairs. The probability for a bubble of size n is demonstrated to be proportional to the number of adenine-thymine base-pairs found within this length. The method for calculating bubble probabilities in a given sequence derived from this notion requires several order of magnitude less numerical effort than direct evaluation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Math, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Trent, INFM, CNR, BEC, I-38050 Trento, Italy. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Rapti, Z (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Rasmussen, Kim/B-5464-2009 OI Rasmussen, Kim/0000-0002-4029-4723 NR 12 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 5 AR 051902 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.73.051902 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 048MN UT WOS:000237951300057 PM 16802962 ER PT J AU Rycroft, CH Bazant, MZ Grest, GS Landry, JW AF Rycroft, Chris H. Bazant, Martin Z. Grest, Gary S. Landry, James W. TI Dynamics of random packings in granular flow SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID GLASS-TRANSITION; MODEL; LIQUIDS AB We present a multiscale simulation algorithm for amorphous materials, which we illustrate and validate in a canonical case of dense granular flow. Our algorithm is based on the recently proposed spot model, where particles in a dense random packing undergo chainlike collective displacements in response to diffusing "spots" of influence, carrying a slight excess of interstitial free volume. We reconstruct the microscopic dynamics of particles from the "coarse grained" dynamics of spots by introducing a localized particle relaxation step after each spot-induced block displacement, simply to enforce packing constraints with a (fairly arbitrary) soft-core repulsion. To test the model, we study to what extent it can describe the dynamics of up to 135 000 frictional, viscoelastic spheres in granular drainage simulated by the discrete-element method (DEM). With only five fitting parameters (the radius, volume, diffusivity, drift velocity, and injection rate of spots), we find that the spot simulations are able to largely reproduce not only the mean flow and diffusion, but also some subtle statistics of the flowing packings, such as spatial velocity correlations and many-body structural correlations. The spot simulations run over 100 times faster than the DEM and demonstrate the possibility of multiscale modeling for amorphous materials, whenever a suitable model can be devised for the coarse-grained spot dynamics. C1 MIT, Dept Math, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Rycroft, CH (reprint author), MIT, Dept Math, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM chr@mit.edu; bazant@mit.edu OI Rycroft, Chris/0000-0003-4677-6990 NR 29 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 2006 VL 73 IS 5 AR 051306 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.73.051306 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 048MN UT WOS:000237951300027 PM 16802932 ER PT J AU Chouffani, K Harmon, F Wells, D Jones, J Lancaster, G AF Chouffani, K. Harmon, F. Wells, D. Jones, J. Lancaster, G. TI Determination of electron beam parameters by means of laser-Compton scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID THOMSON SCATTERING AB Laser-Compton scattering (LCS) experiments were carried out at the Idaho Accelerator Center using the 5 ns (FWHM) and 22 MeVelectron beam. The electron beam was brought to an approximate head-on collision with a 29 MW, 7 ns (FWHM), 10 Hz Nd:YAG laser. Clear and narrow x-ray peaks resulting from the interaction of relativistic electrons with the Nd: YAG laser second harmonic line at 532 nm were observed. We have developed a relatively new method of using LCS as a nonintercepting electron beam monitor. Our method focused on the variation of the shape of the LCS spectrum rather than the LCS intensity as a function of the observation angle in order to extract the electron beam parameters at the interaction region. The electron beam parameters were determined by making simultaneous fits to spectra taken across the LCS x-ray cone. This scan method allowed us also to determine the variation of LCS x-ray peak energies and spectral widths as a function of the detector angles. Experimental data show that in addition to being viewed as a potential bright, tunable, and quasimonochromatic x-ray source, LCS can provide important information on the electron beam pulse length, direction, energy, angular and energy spread. Since the quality of LCS x-ray peaks, such as degree of monochromaticity, peak energy and flux, depends strongly on the electron beam parameters, LCS can therefore be viewed as an important nondestructive tool for electron beam diagnostics. C1 Idaho Accelerator Ctr, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Chouffani, K (reprint author), Idaho Accelerator Ctr, 1500 Alvin Riken Dr, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. EM khalid@athena.physics.isu.edu NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD MAY PY 2006 VL 9 IS 5 AR 050701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.9.050701 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 065DX UT WOS:000239140700002 ER PT J AU Fiorito, RB Shkvarunets, AG Watanabe, T Yakimenko, V Snyder, D AF Fiorito, R. B. Shkvarunets, A. G. Watanabe, T. Yakimenko, V. Snyder, D. TI Interference of diffraction and transition radiation and its application as a beam divergence diagnostic SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; PARTICLE BEAM; SIZE; SLIT AB We have observed the interference of optical diffraction radiation (ODR) and optical transition radiation (OTR) produced by the interaction of a relativistic electron beam with a micromesh foil and a mirror. The production of forward directed ODR from electrons passing through the holes and wires of the mesh and their separate interactions with backward OTR from the mirror are analyzed with the help of a simulation code. By careful choice of the micromesh properties, mesh-mirror spacing, observation wavelength, and filter band pass, the interference of the ODR produced from the unperturbed electrons passing through the open spaces of the mesh and OTR from the mirror are observable above a broad incoherent background from interaction of the heavily scattered electrons passing through the mesh wires. These interferences (ODTRI) are sensitive to the beam divergence and can be used to directly diagnose this parameter. We compare experimental divergence values obtained using ODTRI, conventional OTRI, for the case when front foil scattering is negligible, and computed values obtained from transport code calculations and multiple screen beam size measurements. We obtain good agreement in all cases. C1 Univ Maryland, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, ATF, Upton, NY 11973 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Fiorito, RB (reprint author), Univ Maryland, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD MAY PY 2006 VL 9 IS 5 AR 052802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.9.052802 PG 17 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 065DX UT WOS:000239140700009 ER PT J AU Kurennoy, SS AF Kurennoy, Sergey S. TI Coupling impedances of small discontinuities: Dependence on beam velocity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID PIPE; HOLE; WALL AB The beam coupling impedances of small discontinuities of an accelerator vacuum chamber have been calculated [e. g., Kurennoy, Gluckstern, and Stupakov, Phys. Rev. E 52, 4354 ( 1995)] for ultrarelativistic beams using the Bethe diffraction theory. Here we extend the results to an arbitrary beam velocity. The vacuum chamber is assumed to have an arbitrary, but uniform along the beam path, cross section. The longitudinal and transverse coupling impedances are derived in terms of series over cross-section eigenfunctions, while the discontinuity shape enters via its polarizabilities. Simple explicit formulas for two important particular cases-circular and rectangular chamber cross sections-are presented. The impedance dependence on the beam velocity exhibits some unusual features: for example, the reactive impedance, which dominates in the ultrarelativistic limit, can vanish at a certain beam velocity, or its magnitude can exceed the ultrarelativistic value many times. In addition, we demonstrate that the same technique, the field expansion into a series of cross-section eigenfunctions, is convenient for calculating the space-charge impedance of uniform beam pipes with arbitrary cross section. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kurennoy, SS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Kurennoy, Sergey/0000-0003-2854-9647 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD MAY PY 2006 VL 9 IS 5 AR 054201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.9.054201 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 065DX UT WOS:000239140700012 ER PT J AU Nguyen, DC Freund, HP Colson, W AF Nguyen, D. C. Freund, H. P. Colson, W. TI High-power free-electron laser amplifier using a scalloped electron beam and a two-stage wiggler SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB High-power free-electron laser (FEL) amplifiers present many practical design and construction problems. One such problem is possible damage to any optical beam control elements beyond the wiggler. The ability to increase the optical beam's divergence angle after the wiggler, thereby reducing the intensity on the first optical element, is important to minimize such damage. One proposal to accomplish this optical beam spreading is to pinch the electron beam thereby focusing the radiation as well. In this paper, we analyze an approach that relies on the natural betatron motion to pinch the electron beam near the end of the wiggler. We also consider a step-tapered, two-stage wiggler to enhance the efficiency. The combination of a pinched electron beam and step-taper wiggler leads to additional optical guiding of the optical beam. This novel configuration is studied in simulation using the MEDUSA code. For a representative set of beam and wiggler parameters, we discuss (i) the effect of the scalloped beam on the interaction in the FEL and on the focusing and propagation of the radiation, and (ii) the efficiency enhancement in the two-stage wiggler. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Nguyen, DC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Nguyen, Dinh/0000-0001-8017-6599 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD MAY PY 2006 VL 9 IS 5 AR 050703 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.9.050703 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 065DX UT WOS:000239140700004 ER PT J AU Piot, P Tikhoplav, R Mihalcea, D Barov, N AF Piot, P. Tikhoplav, R. Mihalcea, D. Barov, N. TI Experimental investigation of the longitudinal beam dynamics in a photoinjector using a two-macroparticle bunch SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID COMPRESSION; RADIATION; RF AB We have developed a two-macroparticle bunch to explore the longitudinal beam dynamics through various components of the Fermilab/NICADD photoinjector. Such a two-macroparticle bunch is generated by splitting the ultraviolet pulse from the photocathode drive laser. The presented method allows the exploration of radio-frequency-induced compression in the 1.625 cell radio frequency gun and the booster cavity. It also allows a direct measurement of the momentum compaction of the magnetic bunch compressor. The measurements are compared with analytical and numerical models. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Piot, P (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM piot@nicadd.niu.edu NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD MAY PY 2006 VL 9 IS 5 AR 053501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.9.053501 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 065DX UT WOS:000239140700010 ER PT J AU Podobedov, B Krinsky, S AF Podobedov, B. Krinsky, S. TI Transverse impedance of axially symmetric tapered structures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB We determine the low frequency transverse impedance of axially symmetric tapered structures. Higher-order perturbation theory is used to improve previous estimates due to Yokoya and Stupakov. For linear tapers, accurate numerical results are obtained using the ABCI electromagnetic simulation code. Based upon insight gained from the perturbation calculations, we introduce a simple parametrization that provides an excellent fit to all of our ABCI data-including cases with gradual and steep tapers as well as large and small change in cross section. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Podobedov, B (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD MAY PY 2006 VL 9 IS 5 AR 054401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.9.054401 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 065DX UT WOS:000239140700014 ER PT J AU Qin, H Davidson, RC AF Qin, Hong Davidson, Ronald C. TI Symmetries and invariants of the oscillator and envelope equations with time-dependent frequency SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID HARMONIC-OSCILLATOR; ADIABATIC INVARIANT; SYSTEMS; THEOREM AB The single-particle dynamics in a time-dependent focusing field is examined. The existence of the Courant-Snyder invariant, a fundamental concept in accelerator physics, is fundamentally a result of the corresponding symmetry admitted by the harmonic oscillator equation with linear time-dependent frequency. It is demonstrated that the Lie algebra of the symmetry group for the oscillator equation with time-dependent frequency is eight dimensional, and is composed of four independent subalgebras. A detailed analysis of the admitted symmetries reveals a deeper connection between the nonlinear envelope equation and the oscillator equation. A general theorem regarding the symmetries and invariants of the envelope equation, which includes the existence of the Courant-Snyder invariant as a special case, is demonstrated. As an application to accelerator physics, the symmetries of the envelope equation enable a fast numerical algorithm for finding matched solutions without using the conventional iterative Newton's method, where the envelope equation needs to be numerically integrated once for every iteration, and the Jacobi matrix needs to be calculated for the envelope perturbation. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Qin, H (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD MAY PY 2006 VL 9 IS 5 AR 054001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.9.054001 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 065DX UT WOS:000239140700011 ER PT J AU Sefkow, AB Davidson, RC Efthimion, PC Gilson, EP Yu, SS Roy, PK Bieniosek, FM Coleman, JE Eylon, S Greenway, WG Henestroza, E Kwan, JW Vanecek, DL Waldron, WL Welch, DR AF Sefkow, A. B. Davidson, R. C. Efthimion, P. C. Gilson, E. P. Yu, S. S. Roy, P. K. Bieniosek, F. M. Coleman, J. E. Eylon, S. Greenway, W. G. Henestroza, E. Kwan, J. W. Vanecek, D. L. Waldron, W. L. Welch, D. R. TI Fast Faraday cup to measure neutralized drift compression in intense ion charge bunches SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID CHAMBER TRANSPORT; FUSION; SIMULATION; BEAMS AB Heavy ion drivers for heavy ion fusion and high energy density physics applications use space-charge-dominated ion beams which must undergo longitudinal bunch compression in order to meet the requisite beam intensities desired at the target. The Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment-1A ( NDCX-1A) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is used to determine the effective limits of neutralized drift compression, which occurs due to an imposed longitudinal velocity tilt on the drifting beam and subsequent neutralization of the beam's space charge with background plasma. The accurate and temporally resolved measurement of the ion beam's current and pulse length, which has been longitudinally compressed to a few nanoseconds duration at its focal plane, is a critical diagnostic. This paper describes the design and experimental results for a fast and accurate ion beam probe, which reliably measures the absolute beam current in the presence of high density plasma at the focal plane as a function of time. A particle-in-cell code has been used to model the propagation of the intense ion beam and to design the diagnostic probe. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Voss Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. RP Sefkow, AB (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 27 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD MAY PY 2006 VL 9 IS 5 AR 052801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.9.052801 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 065DX UT WOS:000239140700008 ER PT J AU Holl, CM Smyth, JR Manghnani, MH Amulele, GM Sekar, M Frost, DJ Prakapenka, VB Shen, G AF Holl, CM Smyth, JR Manghnani, MH Amulele, GM Sekar, M Frost, DJ Prakapenka, VB Shen, G TI Crystal structure and compression of an iron-bearing Phase A to 33 GPa SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF MINERALS LA English DT Article DE Phase A; high pressure; hydrous silicates; DHMS; crystal structure; bulk modulus ID SYSTEM MGO-SIO2-H2O; PRESSURE STABILITY; TRANSITION ZONE; MANTLE; EQUATION; STATE; WATER; MG7SI2O8(OH)(6); CHONDRODITE AB Fe-bearing dense hydrous magnesium silicate Phase A, Mg6.85Fe0.14Si2.00O8(OH)(6) has been studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction at ambient conditions and by high-pressure powder diffraction using synchrotron radiation to 33 GPa. Unit cell parameters at room temperature and pressure from single crystal diffraction are a = 7.8678 ( 4) angstrom, c= 9.5771 ( 5) angstrom, and V= 513.43 ( 4) angstrom(3). Fitting of the P - V data to a third-order Birch-Murnaghan isothermal equation of state yields V-0= 512.3 ( 3) angstrom(3), K-T,K-0 = 102.9 ( 28) GPa and K' = 6.4 (3). Compression is strongly anisotropic with the a-axes, which lie in the plane of the distorted close-packed layers, approximately 26% more compressible than the c-axis, which is normal to the plane. Structure refinement from single- crystal X-ray intensity data reveals expansion of the structure with Fe substitution, mainly by expansion of M-site octahedra. The short Si2-O6 distance becomes nearly 1% shorter with similar to 2% Fe substitution for Mg, possibly providing additional rigidity in the c-direction over the Mg end member. K-T obtained for the Fe-bearing sample is similar to 5.5% greater than reported previously for Fe-free Phase A, despite the larger unit cell volume. This study represents a direct comparison of structure and K-T-rho relations between two compositions of a F-free dense hydrous magnesium silicate (DHMS) phase, and may help to characterize the effect of Fe substitution on the properties of other DHMS phases from studies of the Fe-free end-members. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Bayreuth, Bayer Geoinst, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. Univ Chicago, Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Holl, CM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM hollc@colorado.edu RI Shen, Guoyin/D-6527-2011; Frost, Daniel/B-7526-2016 OI Frost, Daniel/0000-0002-4443-8149 NR 30 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0342-1791 J9 PHYS CHEM MINER JI Phys. Chem. Miner. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 33 IS 3 BP 192 EP 199 DI 10.1007/s00269-006-0073-2 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy SC Materials Science; Mineralogy GA 037ZX UT WOS:000237188000004 ER PT J AU Westfall, C AF Westfall, Catherine TI A different laboratory tale: Fifty years of Mossbauer spectroscopy SO PHYSICS IN PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Article DE Rudolf Mossbauer; Stanley Hanna; Gilbert Perlow; Mina Rea Perlow; Michael Kalvius; Stanley Ruby; Robert Dunlap; Gopol Shenoy; Erich Gerdau; Ercan Alp; Wolfgang Sturhahn; Thomas Toellner; Argonne National Laboratory; Big Science; Mossbauer spectroscopy; solid-state physics; nuclear physics ID NUCLEAR RESONANT SCATTERING; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; BIG SCIENCE; GAMMA-RAYS; HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS; VON GAMMASTRAHLUNG; IR-191; ABSORPTION; IRON; TEMPERATURES AB I explore the fifty-year development of Mossbauer spectroscopy by focusing on three episodes in its development at Argonne National Laboratory: work by nuclear physicists using radioactive sources in the early 1960s, work by solid-state physicists using radioactive resources from the mid-1960s through the 1970s, and work by solid-state physicists using the Advanced Photon Source from the 1980s to 2005. These episodes show how knowledge about the properties of matter was produced in a national-laboratory context and highlights the web of connections that allow national-laboratory scientists working at a variety of scales to produce both technological and scientific innovations. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Westfall, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Bldg 206, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM cwestfall@anl.gov NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-6944 J9 PHYS PERSPECT JI Phys. Perspect. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 8 IS 2 BP 189 EP 213 DI 10.1007/s00016-006-0274-6 PG 25 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 051VB UT WOS:000238188700004 ER PT J AU Martinsen-Burrell, N Julien, K Petersen, MR Weiss, JB AF Martinsen-Burrell, N Julien, K Petersen, MR Weiss, JB TI Merger and alignment in a reduced model for three-dimensional quasigeostrophic ellipsoidal vortices SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID VORTEX MODEL; 2-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE; VERTICAL ALIGNMENT; LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS; STRATIFIED FLUID; FLOWS; SHEAR; VALIDATION; EQUATIONS; EVOLUTION AB We investigate the interaction of two ellipsoidal vortices in the three-dimensional quasigeostrophic fluid equations by first studying a reduced model of vortex interaction, the ellipsoidal moment model, and second by comparing the results to corresponding numerical simulations. The ellipsoidal moment model approximates the interaction of two ellipsoidal lumps of potential vorticity by a finite-degree-of-freedom Hamiltonian system. This approximation is derived explicitly in the natural moment coordinate system to first order in the ratio of the size of the vortices to their separation. Using this Hamiltonian system for the case of initially spheroidal identical vortices, the linear stability of vertically aligned vortices is analyzed. A new dynamical criterion for vortex merger and alignment is proposed and shown to give a clear and reasonable boundary for vortex merger. A similar boundary is shown to exist in the size of the largest Lyapunov exponent, although not in the chaotic region as measured by the 0-1 test of Gottwald and Melbourne [Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 460, 603 (2004)]. There is no such sharp boundary for vortex alignment in this reduced model. A series of numerical experiments confirms the accuracy of the merger criterion used in the ellipsoidal moment model. The numerical simulations also suggest a mechanism for understanding the process of vortex alignment in terms of vortex Rossby waves. (C) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Math, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat & Comp Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Colorado, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Martinsen-Burrell, N (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Math, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM nmb@unc.edu RI Weiss, Jeffrey/O-5355-2016; OI Weiss, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0706-861X; Petersen, Mark/0000-0001-7170-7511 NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD MAY PY 2006 VL 18 IS 5 AR 057101 DI 10.1063/1.2191887 PG 14 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 048KH UT WOS:000237945500038 ER PT J AU Stoeber, B Hu, CMJ Liepmann, D Muller, SJ AF Stoeber, B Hu, CMJ Liepmann, D Muller, SJ TI Passive flow control in microdevices using thermally responsive polymer solutions SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID TRIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; SILICON MICROVALVE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; SYSTEMS; ELECTROPHORESIS; ACTUATION; DELIVERY; MATRICES; BEHAVIOR; VALVES AB Thermally responsive polymer solutions have previously been used in microchannels with integrated heaters for active valving. Here we present a detailed study of the rheological behavior of these complex fluids, suggesting the broad range of conditions under which active valving could be used, along with an investigation of their use for passive microflow control in which viscous heating leads to channel blockage. We discuss the scaling of viscous heating in the channels under constant flow rate and constant pressure drop conditions. In the case of pressure-driven flow through a microchannel, we demonstrate that viscous heating can cause periodic gel formation leading to flow instabilities. Velocity fields above and below the gel temperature were mapped using digital particle image velocimetry; above the gel temperature, flow fluctuations may be caused by the competing mechanisms of thermothickening and shear-thinning. (C) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Mech Engn, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. MicroFuidic Syst, Pleasanton, CA 94566 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stoeber, B (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Mech Engn, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD MAY PY 2006 VL 18 IS 5 AR 053103 DI 10.1063/1.2204077 PG 9 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 048KH UT WOS:000237945500015 ER PT J AU Ang, LK Koh, WS Lau, YY Kwan, TJT AF Ang, LK Koh, WS Lau, YY Kwan, TJT TI Space-charge-limited flows in the quantum regime SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID CHILD-LANGMUIR-LAW; ELECTRON-EMISSION; COAXIAL CYLINDERS; FIELD; CURRENTS; DIODES; DERIVATION; EMITTER; VACUUM; LENGTH AB This paper reviews the recent developments of space-charge-limited (SCL) flow or Child-Langmuir (CL) law in the quantum regime. According to the classical CL law for planar diodes, the current density scales as 3/2's power of gap voltage and to the inverse squared power of gap spacing. When the electron de Broglie wavelength is comparable or larger than the gap spacing, the classical SCL current density is enhanced by a large factor due to electron tunneling and exchange-correlation effects, and there is a new quantum scaling for the current density, which is proportional to the 1/2's power of gap voltage, and to the inverse fourth-power of gap spacing. It is also found that the classical concepts of the SCL flow such as bipolar flow, transit time, beam-loaded capacitance, emitted charge density, and magnetic insulation are no longer valid in quantum regime. In the quantum regime, there exists a minimum transit time of the SCL flows, in contrast to the classical solution. By including the surface properties of the emitting surface, there is a threshold voltage that is required to obtain the quantum CL law. The implications of the Fowler-Nordheim-like field emission in the presence of intense space charge over the nanometer scale is discussed. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ang, LK (reprint author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. EM elkang@ntu.edu.sg RI Koh, Wee Shing/B-2201-2008; ANG, Lay Kee/F-8115-2015 OI ANG, Lay Kee/0000-0003-2811-1194 NR 33 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 056701 DI 10.1063/1.2174834 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000143 ER PT J AU Bailey, JE Chandler, GA Mancini, RC Slutz, SA Rochau, GA Bump, M Buris-Mog, TJ Cooper, G Dunham, G Golovkin, I Kilkenny, JD Lake, PW Leeper, RJ Lemke, R MacFarlane, JJ Mehlhorn, TA Moore, TC Nash, TJ Nikroo, A Nielsen, DS Peterson, KL Ruiz, CL Schroen, DG Steinman, D Varnum, W AF Bailey, JE Chandler, GA Mancini, RC Slutz, SA Rochau, GA Bump, M Buris-Mog, TJ Cooper, G Dunham, G Golovkin, I Kilkenny, JD Lake, PW Leeper, RJ Lemke, R MacFarlane, JJ Mehlhorn, TA Moore, TC Nash, TJ Nikroo, A Nielsen, DS Peterson, KL Ruiz, CL Schroen, DG Steinman, D Varnum, W TI Dynamic hohlraum radiation hydrodynamics SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID INERTIAL-CONFINEMENT-FUSION; IMPLOSION CORE CONDITIONS; ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS; Z-PINCH EXPERIMENTS; NESTED-WIRE ARRAYS; X-RAY SOURCE; SHELL SPECTROSCOPY; LINE-PROFILES; DRIVEN; POWER AB Z-pinch dynamic hohlraums are a promising indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion approach. Comparison of multiple experimental methods with integrated Z-pinch/hohlraum/capsule computer simulations builds understanding of the hohlraum interior conditions. Time-resolved x-ray images determine the motion of the radiating shock that heats the hohlraum as it propagates toward the hohlraum axis. The images also measure the radius of radiation-driven capsules as they implode. Dynamic hohlraum LASNEX [G. Zimmerman and W. Kruer, Comments Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 2, 85 (1975)] simulations are found to overpredict the shock velocity by similar to 20-40%, but simulated capsule implosion trajectories agree reasonably well with the data. Measurements of the capsule implosion core conditions using time- and space-resolved Ar tracer x-ray spectroscopy and the fusion neutron yield provide additional tests of the integrated hohlraum-implosion system understanding. The neutron yield in the highest performing CH capsule implosions is similar to 20-30% of the yield calculated with unperturbed 2D LASNEX simulations. The emissivity-averaged electron temperature and density peak at approximately 900 eV and 4x10(23) cm(-3), respectively. Synthetic spectra produced by postprocessing 1D LASNEX capsule implosion simulations possess spectral features from H-like and He-like Ar that are similar in duration to the measured spectra. However, the simulation emissivity-averaged density peaks at a value that is four times lower than the experiment, while the temperature is approximately 1.6 times higher. The agreement with the capsule trajectory measurements and the ability to design capsule implosions that routinely produce implosion cores hot and dense enough to emit fusion neutrons and Ar spectra are evidence for a respectable degree of dynamic hohlraum understanding. The hohlraum shock velocity and implosion core discrepancies imply that calculations of the hohlraum radiation driving capsule implosions require further refinement. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Prism Computat Sci, Madison, WI 53703 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bailey, JE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 48 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 056301 DI 10.1063/1.2177640 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000118 ER PT J AU Belova, EV Davidson, RC Ji, HT Yamada, M AF Belova, EV Davidson, RC Ji, HT Yamada, M TI Advances in the numerical modeling of field-reversed configurations SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID INTERNAL TILT MODE; STABILITY PROPERTIES; ROTATIONAL INSTABILITY; BEAM IONS; PLASMA; STABILIZATION; SIMULATION; GENERATION; PROFILE AB The field-reversed configuration (FRC) is a compact torus with little or no toroidal magnetic field. A theoretical understanding of the observed FRC equilibrium and stability properties presents significant challenges due to the high plasma beta, plasma flows, large ion gyroradius, and the stochasticity of the particle orbits. Advanced numerical simulations are generally required to describe and understand the detailed behavior of FRC plasmas. Results of such simulations are presented in this paper. It is shown that 3D nonlinear hybrid simulations using the HYM code [E. V. Belova , Phys. Plasmas 7, 4996 (2000)] reproduce all major experimentally observed stability properties of elongated (theta-pinch-formed) FRCs. Namely, the scaling of the growth rate of the n=1 tilt mode with the S-*/E parameter (S-* is the FRC kinetic parameter, E is elongation, and n is toroidal mode number), the nonlinear saturation of the tilt mode, ion toroidal spin-up, and the growth of the n=2 rotational mode have been demonstrated and studied in detail. The HYM code has also been used to study stability properties of FRCs formed by the counterhelicity spheromak merging method. A new stability regime has been found for FRCs with elongation E similar to 1, which requires a close-fitting conducting shell and energetic beam ion stabilization. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Belova, EV (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Yamada, Masaaki/D-7824-2015 OI Yamada, Masaaki/0000-0003-4996-1649 NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 056115 DI 10.1063/1.2179426 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000109 ER PT J AU Boehly, TR Vianello, E Miller, JE Craxton, RS Collins, TJB Goncharov, VN Igumenshchev, IV Meyerhofer, DD Hicks, DG Celliers, PM Collins, GW AF Boehly, TR Vianello, E Miller, JE Craxton, RS Collins, TJB Goncharov, VN Igumenshchev, IV Meyerhofer, DD Hicks, DG Celliers, PM Collins, GW TI Shock-timing experiments using double-pulse laser irradiation SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY; PHYSICS BASIS; OMEGA; DEUTERIUM AB The timing of multiple shock waves is crucial to the performance of inertial confinement fusion ignition targets. Presented are measurements of velocities and optical self-emission from shock waves in polystyrene targets driven by two 90-ps pulses separated by 1.5-2 ns. These pulses drive two shock waves that coalesce in the target, and the resultant velocity histories, coalescence times, and transit times are unambiguously observed in both velocity interferometry and self-emission data. These results are in good agreement with one-dimensional hydrodynamics code predictions. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Dept Mech Engn, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Boehly, TR (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, 250 E River Rd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RI Collins, Gilbert/G-1009-2011; Goncharov, Valeri/H-4471-2011; Hicks, Damien/B-5042-2015 OI Hicks, Damien/0000-0001-8322-9983 NR 26 TC 22 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 056303 DI 10.1063/1.2179057 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000120 ER PT J AU Borovsky, JE AF Borovsky, JE TI Eddy viscosity and flow properties of the solar wind: Co-rotating interaction regions, coronal-mass-ejection sheaths, and solar-wind/magnetosphere coupling SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID FREE-STREAM TURBULENCE; COROTATING INTERACTION REGIONS; HIGH FREESTREAM TURBULENCE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE; BOUNDARY-LAYERS; HEAT-TRANSFER; 2-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; LENGTH-SCALES; 1 AU AB The coefficient of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) eddy viscosity of the turbulent solar wind is calculated to be nu(eddy)approximate to 1.3x10(17) cm(2)/s: this coefficient is appropriate for velocity shears with scale thicknesses larger than the similar to 10(6) km correlation length of the solar-wind turbulence. The coefficient of MHD eddy viscosity is calculated again accounting for the action of smaller-scale turbulent eddies on smaller scale velocity shears in the solar wind. This eddy viscosity is quantitatively tested with spacecraft observations of shear flows in co-rotating interaction regions (CIRs) and in coronal-mass-ejection (CME) sheaths and ejecta. It is found that the large-scale (similar to 10(7) km) shear of the CIR fractures into intense narrow (similar to 10(5) km) slip zones between slabs of differently magnetized plasma. Similarly, it is found that the large-scale shear of CME sheaths also fracture into intense narrow slip zones between parcels of differently magnetized plasma. Using the solar-wind eddy-viscosity coefficient to calculate vorticity-diffusion time scales and comparing those time scales with the similar to 100-h age of the solar-wind plasma at 1 AU, it is found that the slip zones are much narrower than eddy-viscosity theory says they should be. Thus, our concept of MHD eddy viscosity fails testing. For the freestream turbulence effect in solar-wind magnetosphere coupling, the eddy-viscous force of the solar wind on the Earth's magnetosphere is rederived accounting for the action of turbulent eddies smaller than the correlation length, along with other corrections. The improved derivation of the solar-wind driver function for the turbulence effect fails to yield higher correlation coefficients between measurements of the solar-wind driver and measurements of the response of the Earth's magnetosphere. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Borovsky, JE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jborovsky@lanl.gov NR 101 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 056505 DI 10.1063/1.2200308 PG 26 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000142 ER PT J AU Callahan, DA Amendt, PA Dewald, EL Haan, SW Hinkel, DE Izurni, N Jones, OS Landen, OL Lindl, JD Pollaine, SM Suter, LJ Tabak, M Turner, RE AF Callahan, DA Amendt, PA Dewald, EL Haan, SW Hinkel, DE Izurni, N Jones, OS Landen, OL Lindl, JD Pollaine, SM Suter, LJ Tabak, M Turner, RE TI Using laser entrance hole shields to increase coupling efficiency in indirect drive ignition targets for the National Ignition Facility SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID PHYSICS BASIS; NOVA AB Coupling efficiency, the ratio of the capsule absorbed energy to the driver energy, is a key parameter in ignition target designs. The hohlraum originally proposed for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) [G. H. Miller, E. I. Moses, and C. R. Wuest, Nucl. Fusion 44, S228 (2004)] coupled similar to 11% of the absorbed laser energy to the capsule as x rays. Described here is a second generation of the hohlraum target which has a higher coupling efficiency, similar to 16%. Because the ignition capsule's ability to withstand three-dimensional effects increases rapidly with absorbed energy, the additional energy can significantly increase the likelihood of ignition. The new target includes laser entrance hole (LEH) shields as a principal method for increasing coupling efficiency while controlling symmetry in indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion. The LEH shields are high Z disks placed inside the hohlraum on the symmetry axis to block the capsule's view of the relatively cold LEHs. The LEH shields can reduce the amount of laser energy required to drive a target to a given temperature via two mechanisms: (1) keeping the temperature high near the capsule pole by putting a barrier between the capsule and the pole; (2) because the capsule pole does not have a view of the cold LEHs, good symmetry requires a shorter hohlraum with less wall area. Current integrated simulations of this class of target couple 140 kJ of x rays to a capsule out of 865 kJ of absorbed laser energy and produce similar to 10 MJ of yield. In the current designs, which continue to be optimized, the addition of the LEH shields saves similar to 95 kJ of energy (about 10%) over hohlraums without LEH shields. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Callahan, DA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,Mail Stop L-015, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 056307 DI 10.1063/1.2196287 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000124 ER PT J AU Catto, PJ Simakov, AN AF Catto, PJ Simakov, AN TI Magnetic topology effects on Alcator C-Mod flows SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID TOROIDAL ROTATION; H-MODE; NEOCLASSICAL TRANSPORT; TOKAMAK PLASMAS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; ION-TRANSPORT; CONFINEMENT; SEPARATRIX; REVERSAL; DIVERTOR AB The effect of magnetic topology on ion and impurity flows in a tokamak is considered by investigating the consequences of (i) the reversal of toroidal and poloidal magnetic fields and currents; (ii) a switch from lower to upper X-point operation; (iii) poloidal magnetic field or plasma current reversal, and (iv) toroidal magnetic field reversal. The general symmetries associated with magnetic topology changes in tokamaks are employed to demonstrate that the flux surface flows inside and outside the separatrix observed in Alcator C-Mod [I. H. Hutchinson , Phys. Plasmas 1, 1511 (1994)] can be used to determine the flow features, including neoclassical and turbulent effects and in the presence of charge exchange. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Catto, PJ (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. OI Simakov, Andrei/0000-0001-7064-9153 NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 052507 DI 10.1063/1.2200292 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000036 ER PT J AU Cobble, JA Tierney, TE Hoffman, NM DeVolder, BG Swift, DC AF Cobble, JA Tierney, TE Hoffman, NM DeVolder, BG Swift, DC TI Late-time radiography of beryllium ignition-target ablators in long-pulse gas-filled hohlraums SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR EXPERIMENTS; SHOCK PROPAGATION; LASER; FACILITY; NOVA; BURNTHROUGH; CAPSULES; PLASMAS; LIGHT AB A multiple-laboratory campaign is underway to qualify beryllium as a fusion capsule ablator for the National Ignition Facility [Moses and Wuest, Fusion Sci. Technol. 43, 420 (2003)]. Although beryllium has many advantages over other ablator materials, individual crystals of beryllium have anisotropic properties, e.g., sound speed, elastic constants, and thermal expansion coefficients, which may seed hydrodynamic instabilities during the implosion phase of ignition experiments. Experiments based on modeling have begun at the OMEGA laser [Boehly, McCrory, Verdon , Fusion Eng. Design 44, 35 (1999)] to create a test bed for measuring instability growth rates with face-on radiography of perturbed beryllium samples with the goal of establishing a specification for microstructure in beryllium used as an ablator. The specification would include the size and distribution of sizes of grains and voids and the impurity content. The experimental platform is a 4 kJ laser-heated (for similar to 6 ns) hohlraum that is well modeled for radiation temperature and for shock pressure and breakout timing through the driven beryllium sample. A 1 atm methane gas fill has been used to maintain a clear line of sight through the hohlraum for radiography with acceptable plasma backscatter losses. The peak radiation temperature is 145 eV; the pressure early in the laser pulse is 1 Mbar for over 1 ns. Radiographs of sinusoidally perturbed copper-doped (0.9% by atom) beryllium samples have been obtained more than 10 ns after drive initiation. With the current laser drive, a growth factor approaching ten has been measured for initial 2.5 mu m perturbations with on-axis radiography. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cobble, JA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 056304 DI 10.1063/1.2181567 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000121 ER PT J AU Cohen, BI Langdon, DAB Williams, EA AF Cohen, BI Langdon, DAB Williams, EA TI Effects of ion-ion collisions and inhomogeneity in two-dimensional kinetic ion simulations of stimulated Brillouin backscattering (vol 13, pg 022705, 2006) SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Correction C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Cohen, BI (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 059901 DI 10.1063/1.2201028 PG 1 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000162 ER PT J AU Cuneo, ME Sinars, DB Waisman, EM Bliss, DE Stygar, WA Vesey, RA Lemke, RW Smith, IC Rambo, PK Porter, JL Chandler, GA Nash, TJ Mazarakis, MG Adams, RG Yu, EP Struve, KW Mehlhorn, TA Lebedev, SV Chittenden, JP Jennings, CA AF Cuneo, ME Sinars, DB Waisman, EM Bliss, DE Stygar, WA Vesey, RA Lemke, RW Smith, IC Rambo, PK Porter, JL Chandler, GA Nash, TJ Mazarakis, MG Adams, RG Yu, EP Struve, KW Mehlhorn, TA Lebedev, SV Chittenden, JP Jennings, CA TI Compact single and nested tungsten-wire-array dynamics at 14-19 MA and applications to inertial confinement fusion SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID Z-PINCH EXPERIMENTS; SANDIA-NATIONAL-LABORATORIES; X-RAY POWER; CAPSULE IMPLOSIONS; DRIVEN HOHLRAUM; PLASMA FORMATION; PHYSICS; INSTABILITIES; ENHANCEMENT; ACCELERATOR AB Wire-array z pinches show promise as a high-power, efficient, reproducible, and low-cost x-ray source for high-yield indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion. Recently, rapid progress has been made in our understanding of the implosion dynamics of compact (20-mm-diam), high-current (11-19 MA), single and nested wire arrays. As at lower currents (1-3 MA), a single wire array (and both the outer and inner array of a nested system), show a variety of effects that arise from the initially discrete nature of the wires: a long wire ablation phase for 50%-80% of the current pulse width, an axial modulation of the ablation rate prior to array motion, a larger ablation rate for larger diameter wires, trailing mass, and trailing current. Compact nested wire arrays operate in current-transfer or transparent mode because the inner wires remain discrete during the outer array implosion, even for interwire gaps in the outer and inner arrays as small as 0.21 mm. These array physics insights have led to nested arrays that produce radiation pulse shapes required for three-shock low-adiabat compression of high-yield inertial confinement fusion capsules. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Pulsed Power Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London, England. RP Cuneo, ME (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Pulsed Power Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 60 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 056318 DI 10.1063/1.2177140 PG 18 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000135 ER PT J AU Dewald, EL Landen, OL Suter, LJ Schein, J Holder, J Campbell, K Glenzer, SH McDonald, JW Niemann, C Mackinnon, AJ Schneider, MS Haynam, C Hinkel, D Hammel, BA AF Dewald, EL Landen, OL Suter, LJ Schein, J Holder, J Campbell, K Glenzer, SH McDonald, JW Niemann, C Mackinnon, AJ Schneider, MS Haynam, C Hinkel, D Hammel, BA TI First hohlraum drive studies on the National Ignition Facility SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID LASER-HEATED HOHLRAUMS; INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; PHYSICS BASIS; SYSTEM; WAVES; PRESSURE; PLASMAS; TARGETS; LIGHT AB The first hohlraum experiments on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) [G. H. Miller, E. I. Moses, and C. R. Wuest, Nucl. Fusion 44, 228 (2004)] using the first four laser beams have activated the indirect-drive experimental capabilities and tested radiation temperature limits imposed by hohlraum plasma filling. Vacuum hohlraums have been irradiated with laser powers up to 9 TW, 1 to 9 ns long square pulses and energies of up to 17 kJ to study the hohlraum radiation temperature scaling with the laser power and hohlraum size, and to make contact with hohlraum experiments performed previously at other laser facilities. Furthermore, for a variety of hohlraum sizes and pulse lengths, the measured x-ray flux shows signatures of plasma filling that coincide with hard x-ray emission from plasma streaming out of the hohlraum. These observations agree with hydrodynamic simulations and with analytical modeling that includes hydrodynamic and coronal radiative losses. The modeling predicts radiation temperature limits on full NIF (1.8 MJ) that are significantly greater than required for ignition hohlraums. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 LLNL, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dewald, EL (reprint author), LLNL, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014 OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906 NR 30 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 056315 DI 10.1063/1.2178783 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000132 ER PT J AU Disdier, L Rouyer, A Lantuejoul, I Landoas, O Bourgade, JL Sangster, TC Glebov, VY Lerche, RA AF Disdier, L Rouyer, A Lantuejoul, I Landoas, O Bourgade, JL Sangster, TC Glebov, VY Lerche, RA TI Inertial confinement fusion neutron images SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID LASER; RAY AB At the OMEGA laser facility [T. R. Boehly , Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)], 14-MeV neutron images are acquired with a 20-mu m resolution and a large signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) using penumbral and ring apertures. The two aperture types produce coded images of the source that are unfolded using a similar autocorrelation method. The techniques provide comparable images for various deuterium-tritium filled target implosions, with glass and plastic (CH) shells. SNR analysis reveals that the annular (ring) technique will achieve a good image quality at the 10-mu m resolution level with the planned upgrade of our novel detector. The detector is an array of 85-mu m-diam capillary tubes filled with a liquid scintillator. Its resolution is limited to 650 mu m by the track length of the elastically scattered recoil protons. Replacing the hydrogen in the scintillator with deuterium improves detector spatial resolution to 325 mu m, and makes high source resolution achievable. The readout design provides an efficient light collection of the scintillation photons by relaying the image through a fiber optic taper. Improved efficiency produces images with better SNR. Also, the increased detector sensitivity allows single event recording of 2.45-MeV neutron interactions. For the first time ever, we show neutron images of deuterium filled, warm, and cryogenic target implosions. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 CEA, DAM Ile France, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Disdier, L (reprint author), CEA, DAM Ile France, BP 12, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. NR 16 TC 41 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 056317 DI 10.1063/1.2174828 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000134 ER PT J AU Dorf, L Raitses, Y Fisch, NJ AF Dorf, L Raitses, Y Fisch, NJ TI Effect of magnetic field profile on the anode fall in a Hall-effect thruster discharge SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID ENERGY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; GLOW-DISCHARGE; PROPELLANT UTILIZATION; SEGMENTED ELECTRODE; PLASMA-ACCELERATOR; SHEATH; MODEL; FLOW; OPERATION; TRANSPORT AB The effect of the magnetic field configuration on the anode fall in an ExB discharge of a Hall thruster is studied both experimentally and theoretically. Plasma potential, electron temperature, and plasma density in the near-anode region are measured with a biased probe in three configurations of the magnetic field. It is observed that the anode fall in a Hall thruster can be changed from negative to positive by creating a magnetic field configuration with a zero magnetic field region. Similar configurations are utilized in some advanced Hall thrusters, like an ATON thruster. Results of the measurements are employed to model a Hall thruster with different magnetic field configurations, including the one with a zero-field region. Different anode sheath regimes observed experimentally are used to set the boundary conditions for the quasineutral plasma. Numerical solutions obtained with a hydrodynamic quasi-one-dimensional model suggest that varying the magnetic field configuration affects the electron mobility both inside and outside the channel, as well as the plasma density distribution along the axis. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Dorf, L (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM ldorf@lanl.gov NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 057104 DI 10.1063/1.2174825 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000157 ER PT J AU Douglas, MR Davidson, RC AF Douglas, MR Davidson, RC TI Foreword: Papers from the 47th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics, Denver, Colorado, 2005 SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Douglas, MR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 055301 DI 10.1063/1.2198687 PG 1 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000078 ER PT J AU Evans, TE Burrell, KH Fenstermacher, ME Moyer, RA Osborne, TH Schaffer, MJ West, WP Yan, LW Boedo, JA Doyle, EJ Jackson, GL Joseph, I Lasnier, CJ Leonard, AW Rhodes, TL Thomas, PR Watkins, JG Zeng, L AF Evans, TE Burrell, KH Fenstermacher, ME Moyer, RA Osborne, TH Schaffer, MJ West, WP Yan, LW Boedo, JA Doyle, EJ Jackson, GL Joseph, I Lasnier, CJ Leonard, AW Rhodes, TL Thomas, PR Watkins, JG Zeng, L TI The physics of edge resonant magnetic perturbations in hot tokamak plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID DIII-D TOKAMAK; PARTICLE LOSSES; LOCALIZED MODES; ERROR-FIELD; H-MODE; TRANSPORT; STABILIZATION; INSTABILITIES; SUPPRESSION; DISCHARGES AB Small edge resonant magnetic perturbations are used to control the pedestal transport and stability in low electron collisionality (nu(*)(e)), ITER [ITER Physics Basis Editors , Nucl. Fusion 39, 2137 (1999)] relevant, poloidally diverted plasmas. The applied perturbations reduce the height of the density pedestal and increase its width while increasing the height of the electron pedestal temperature and its gradient. The effect of the perturbations on the pedestal gradients is controlled by the current in the perturbation coil, the poloidal mode spectrum of the coil, the neutral beam heating power, and the divertor deuterium fueling rate. Large pedestal instabilities, referred to as edge localized modes (ELMs), are completely eliminated with radial magnetic perturbations (delta b(r)((m/n))) at the q=m/n=11/3 surface exceeding delta b(r)((11/3))B(phi)(-1)=2.6x10(-4), where B-phi is the toroidal magnetic field on axis. The resulting ELM-free H-mode plasmas have stationary densities and radiated power, are maintained in DIII-D for up to 2550 ms (17 energy confinement times), and are limited only by hardware constraints. It is found that changes caused by the magnetic perturbations in the pedestal profiles cannot be explained by a straightforward application of stochastic quasilinear diffusion theory due to the complex nature of the transport physics involved when boundary layer field lines connect regions of hot plasma directly to material surfaces. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. SW Inst Phys, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. EURATOM, CEA, Cadarache, France. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Evans, TE (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 31 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 056121 DI 10.1063/1.2177657 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000115 ER PT J AU Fernandez, JC Goldman, SR Kline, JL Dodd, ES Gautier, C Grim, GP Hegelich, BM Montgomery, DS Lanier, NE Rose, H Schmidt, DW Workman, JB Braun, DG Dewald, EL Landen, OL Campbell, KM Holder, JP MacKinnon, AJ Niemann, C Schein, J Young, BK Celeste, JR Dixit, SN Eder, DC Glenzer, SH Haynam, CA Hinkel, D Kalantar, D Kamperschroer, J Kauffman, RL Kirkwood, R Koniges, AE Lee, FD MacGowan, BJ Manes, KR McDonald, JW Schneider, MB Shaw, MJ Suter, LJ Wallace, RJ Weber, FA Kaae, JL AF Fernandez, JC Goldman, SR Kline, JL Dodd, ES Gautier, C Grim, GP Hegelich, BM Montgomery, DS Lanier, NE Rose, H Schmidt, DW Workman, JB Braun, DG Dewald, EL Landen, OL Campbell, KM Holder, JP MacKinnon, AJ Niemann, C Schein, J Young, BK Celeste, JR Dixit, SN Eder, DC Glenzer, SH Haynam, CA Hinkel, D Kalantar, D Kamperschroer, J Kauffman, RL Kirkwood, R Koniges, AE Lee, FD MacGowan, BJ Manes, KR McDonald, JW Schneider, MB Shaw, MJ Suter, LJ Wallace, RJ Weber, FA Kaae, JL TI Gas-filled hohlraum experiments at the National Ignition Facility SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID STIMULATED RAMAN-SCATTERING; ION-ACOUSTIC-WAVES; INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; LASER HOT-SPOTS; BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; PLASMA; BACKSCATTER; SYSTEM; DRIVEN; SATURATION AB Experiments done at the National Ignition Facility laser [J. A. Paisner, E. M. Campbell, and W. Hogan, Fusion Technol. 26, 755 (1994)] using gas-filled hohlraums demonstrate a key ignition design feature, i.e., using plasma pressure from a gas fill to tamp the hohlraum-wall expansion for the duration of the laser pulse. Moreover, our understanding of hohlraum energetics and the ability to predict the hohlraum soft-x-ray drive has been validated in ignition-relevant conditions. Finally, the laser reflectivity from stimulated Raman scattering in the fill plasma, a key threat to hohlraum performance, is shown to be suppressed by choosing a design with a sufficiently high ratio of electron temperature to density. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Fernandez, JC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Fernandez, Juan/H-3268-2011; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; OI Fernandez, Juan/0000-0002-1438-1815; MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; Kline, John/0000-0002-2271-9919 NR 36 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 056319 DI 10.1063/1.2183907 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000136 ER PT J AU Fredrickson, ED Bell, RE Darrow, DS Fu, GY Gorelenkov, NN LeBlanc, BP Medley, SS Menard, JE Park, H Roquemore, AL Heidbrink, WW Sabbagh, SA Stutman, D Tritz, K Crocker, NA Kubota, S Peebles, W Lee, KC Levinton, FM AF Fredrickson, ED Bell, RE Darrow, DS Fu, GY Gorelenkov, NN LeBlanc, BP Medley, SS Menard, JE Park, H Roquemore, AL Heidbrink, WW Sabbagh, SA Stutman, D Tritz, K Crocker, NA Kubota, S Peebles, W Lee, KC Levinton, FM TI Collective fast ion instability-induced losses in national spherical tokamak experiment SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID TOROIDAL ALFVEN EIGENMODES; CLUMP PAIR CREATION; CYCLOTRON INSTABILITY; ENERGETIC PARTICLES; TORUS EXPERIMENT; MODES; EXCITATION; SPECTRUM; PLASMAS; NSTX AB A wide variety of fast ion driven instabilities are excited during neutral beam injection (NBI) in the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) [Nucl. Fusion 40, 557 (2000)] due to the large ratio of fast ion velocity to Alfven velocity, V-fast/V-Alfven, and high fast ion beta. The ratio V-fast/V-Alfven in ITER [Nucl. Fusion 39, 2137 (1999)] and NSTX is comparable. The modes can be divided into three categories: chirping energetic particle modes (EPM) in the frequency range 0 to 120 kHz, the toroidal Alfven eigenmodes (TAE) with a frequency range of 50 kHz to 200 kHz, and the compressional and global Alfven eigenmodes (CAE and GAE, respectively) between 300 kHz and the ion cyclotron frequency. Fast ion driven modes are of particular interest because of their potential to cause substantial fast ion losses. In all regimes of NBI heated operation we see transient neutron rate drops, correlated with bursts of TAE or fishbone-like EPMs. The fast ion loss events are predominantly correlated with the EPMs, although losses are also seen with bursts of multiple, large amplitude TAE. The latter is of particular significance for ITER; the transport of fast ions from the expected resonance overlap in phase space of a "sea" of large amplitude TAE is the kind of physics expected in ITER. The internal structure and amplitude of the TAE and EPMs has been measured with quadrature reflectometry and soft x-ray cameras. The TAE bursts have internal amplitudes of n/n=1% and toroidal mode numbers 2 < n < 7. The EPMs are core localized, kink-like modes similar to the fishbones in conventional aspect ratio tokamaks. Unlike the fishbones, the EPMs can be present with q(0)> 1 and can have a toroidal mode number n > 1. The range of the frequency chirp can be quite large and the resonance can be through a fishbone-like precessional drift resonance, or through a bounce resonance. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Nova Photon, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Fredrickson, ED (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015; OI Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 NR 38 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 056109 DI 10.1063/1.2178788 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000103 ER PT J AU Froula, DH Ross, JS Divol, L Meezan, N MacKinnon, AJ Wallace, R Glenzer, SH AF Froula, DH Ross, JS Divol, L Meezan, N MacKinnon, AJ Wallace, R Glenzer, SH TI Thomson-scattering measurements of high electron temperature hohlraum plasmas for laser-plasma interaction studies SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED-BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY; ION-ACOUSTIC-WAVES; HEAT-TRANSPORT; TARGETS; SCALE; MODEL; SIMULATIONS; ENERGY; DENSE AB Accurate measurements of the plasma conditions in laser-produced high-temperature plasmas have been achieved using the recently activated 4 omega Thomson-scattering diagnostic at the Omega Laser Facility, Soures , Laser Part. Beams 11 (1993). These diagnostic measurements were performed in a new hohlraum target platform that will be used to study laser-plasma interaction in a strongly damped regime comparable to those occurring in indirect drive inertial confinement fusion plasmas. The Thomson-scattering spectra show the collective ion-acoustic features that fit the theory for two ion species plasmas allowing us to accurately and independently determine both the electron and ion temperatures. The electron temperature was found to range from 2 to 4 keV as the total heater beam energy deposited into the hohlraum was increased from 8 to 17 kJ. The results are compared to 2D hydrodynamic simulations using flux limited diffusion and nonlocal heat flux models. The target platform presented provides a novel test bed to investigate laser-plasma interaction physics in the strongly damped backscatter regime. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Froula, DH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM froula1@llnl.gov RI MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014 OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906 NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 052704 DI 10.1063/1.2203232 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000050 ER PT J AU Fu, GY Park, W Strauss, HR Breslau, J Chen, J Jardin, S Sugiyama, LE AF Fu, GY Park, W Strauss, HR Breslau, J Chen, J Jardin, S Sugiyama, LE TI Global hybrid simulations of energetic particle effects on the n=1 mode in tokamaks: Internal kink and fishbone instability SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-OSCILLATIONS; ALFVEN EIGENMODE; TOROIDAL PLASMAS; STABILIZATION; DESTABILIZATION; IONS AB Global hybrid simulations of energetic particle effects on the n=1 internal kink mode have been carried out for tokamaks. For the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) [ITER Physics Basis Editors , Nucl. Fusion 39, 2137 (1999)], it is shown that alpha particle effects are stabilizing for the internal kink mode. However, the elongation of ITER reduces the stabilization effects significantly. Nonlinear simulations of the precessional drift fishbone instability for circular tokamak plasmas show that the mode saturates due to flattening of the particle distribution function near the resonance region. The mode frequency chirps down rapidly as the flattening region expands radially outward. Fluid nonlinearity reduces the saturation level. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NYU, New York, NY 10012 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Fu, GY (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Jardin, Stephen/E-9392-2010 NR 30 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 052517 DI 10.1063/1.2203604 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000046 ER PT J AU Fu, GY Berk, HL AF Fu, GY Berk, HL TI Effects of pressure gradient on existence of Alfven cascade modes in reversed shear tokamak plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID EIGENMODES; WAVE AB It is shown analytically that pressure gradient effects are favorable to the existence of Alfven cascade (AC) modes in a tokamak plasma with reversed shear. What is crucial for obtaining the improved existence criterion of ACs is the averaged normal curvature. This term depends on the Shafranov shift, which contains a pressure gradient term that at sufficiently low frequency causes a cancellation in the mode existence criterion of all terms quadratic in the pressure gradient. The favorable criterion is then found to be proportional to the product of the pressure gradient and the inverse aspect ratio. Near the rational surface, there is one-to-one correspondence between Mercier stability and the AC mode existence. When the averaged curvature is favorable to Mercier modes, it is also favorable to the existence of AC. However, at higher frequencies the alpha(2) term can be unfavorable to mode existence. We show that when alpha > 3 epsilon, that as q(min) decreases from m/n, the cascade mode can easily satisfy its existence criterion at lower frequencies, but the existence criterion will fail before the frequency reaches the toroidal Alfven eigenmode (TAE) gap, which occurs when q(min) approaches (m-1/2)/n. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Fus Studies, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Fu, GY (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 20 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 052502 DI 10.1063/1.2196246 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000031 ER PT J AU Garofalo, AM Doyle, EJ Ferron, JR Greenfield, CM Groebner, RJ Hyatt, AW Jackson, GL Jayakumar, RJ Kinsey, JE La Haye, RJ McKee, GR Murakami, M Okabayashi, M Osborne, TH Petty, CC Politzer, PA Reimerdes, H Scoville, JT Solomon, WM John, HES Strait, EJ Turnbull, AD Wade, MR VanZeeland, MA AF Garofalo, AM Doyle, EJ Ferron, JR Greenfield, CM Groebner, RJ Hyatt, AW Jackson, GL Jayakumar, RJ Kinsey, JE La Haye, RJ McKee, GR Murakami, M Okabayashi, M Osborne, TH Petty, CC Politzer, PA Reimerdes, H Scoville, JT Solomon, WM John, HES Strait, EJ Turnbull, AD Wade, MR VanZeeland, MA TI Access to sustained high-beta with internal transport barrier and negative central magnetic shear in DIII-D SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID TOKAMAK POWER-PLANT; ENHANCED CONFINEMENT; PHYSICS BASIS; ARIES-AT; PLASMAS; PERFORMANCE; DISCHARGES; PROFILE; STABILIZATION; OPTIMIZATION AB High values of normalized beta (beta(N)similar to 4) and safety factor (q(min)similar to 2) have been sustained simultaneously for similar to 2 s in DIII-D [J.L. Luxon, Nucl. Fusion 42, 64 (2002)], suggesting a possible path to high fusion performance, steady-state tokamak scenarios with a large fraction of bootstrap current. The combination of internal transport barrier and negative central magnetic shear at high beta results in high confinement (H-89P > 2.5) and large bootstrap current fraction (f(BS)> 60%) with good alignment. Previously, stability limits in plasmas with core transport barriers have been observed at moderate values of beta(N) (< 3) because of the pressure peaking which normally develops from improved core confinement. In recent DIII-D experiments, the internal transport barrier is clearly observed in the electron density and in the ion temperature and rotation profiles at rho similar to 0.5 but not in the electron temperature profile, which is very broad. The misalignment of T-i and T-e gradients may help to avoid a large local pressure gradient. Furthermore, at low internal inductance similar to 0.6, the current density gradients are close to the vessel and the ideal kink modes are strongly wall-coupled. Simultaneous feedback control of both external and internal sets of n=1 magnetic coils was used to maintain optimal error field correction and resistive wall mode stabilization, allowing operation above the free-boundary beta limit. Large particle orbits at high safety factor in the core help to broaden both the pressure and the beam-driven current profiles, favorable for steady-state operation. At plasma current flat top and beta similar to 5%, a noninductive current fraction of similar to 100% has been observed. Stability modeling shows the possibility for operation up to the ideal-wall limit at beta similar to 6%. C1 Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Garofalo, AM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. OI Solomon, Wayne/0000-0002-0902-9876 NR 40 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 056110 DI 10.1063/1.21185010 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000104 ER PT J AU Gates, DA Maingi, R Menard, J Kaye, S Sabbagh, SA Taylor, G Wilson, JR Bell, MG Bell, RE Bernabei, S Bialek, J Biewer, T Blanchard, W Boedo, J Bush, C Carter, MD Choe, W Crocker, N Darrow, DS Davis, W Delgado-Aparicio, L Diem, S Ferron, J Field, A Foley, J Fredrickson, ED Harvey, R Hatcher, RE Heidbrink, W Hill, K Hosea, JC Jarboe, TR Johnson, DW Kaita, R Kessel, C Kubota, S Kugel, HW Lawson, J LeBlanc, BP Lee, KC Levinton, F Manickam, J Maqueda, R Marsala, R Mastrovito, D Mau, TK Medley, SS Meyer, H Mikkelsen, DR Mueller, D Munsat, T Nelson, BA Neumeyer, C Nishino, N Ono, M Park, H Park, W Paul, S Peebles, W Peng, M Phillips, C Pigarov, A Pinsker, R Ram, A Ramakrishnan, S Raman, R Rasmussen, D Redi, M Rensink, M Rewoldt, G Robinson, J Roney, P Roquemore, L Ruskov, E Ryan, P Schneider, H Skinner, CH Smith, DR Sontag, A Soukhanovskii, V Stevenson, T Stotler, D Stratton, B Stutman, D Swain, D Synakowski, E Takase, Y Tritz, K von Halle, A Wade, M White, R Wilgen, J Williams, M Zhu, W Zweben, SJ Akers, R Beiersdorfer, P Betti, R Bigelow, T AF Gates, DA Maingi, R Menard, J Kaye, S Sabbagh, SA Taylor, G Wilson, JR Bell, MG Bell, RE Bernabei, S Bialek, J Biewer, T Blanchard, W Boedo, J Bush, C Carter, MD Choe, W Crocker, N Darrow, DS Davis, W Delgado-Aparicio, L Diem, S Ferron, J Field, A Foley, J Fredrickson, ED Harvey, R Hatcher, RE Heidbrink, W Hill, K Hosea, JC Jarboe, TR Johnson, DW Kaita, R Kessel, C Kubota, S Kugel, HW Lawson, J LeBlanc, BP Lee, KC Levinton, F Manickam, J Maqueda, R Marsala, R Mastrovito, D Mau, TK Medley, SS Meyer, H Mikkelsen, DR Mueller, D Munsat, T Nelson, BA Neumeyer, C Nishino, N Ono, M Park, H Park, W Paul, S Peebles, W Peng, M Phillips, C Pigarov, A Pinsker, R Ram, A Ramakrishnan, S Raman, R Rasmussen, D Redi, M Rensink, M Rewoldt, G Robinson, J Roney, P Roquemore, L Ruskov, E Ryan, P Schneider, H Skinner, CH Smith, DR Sontag, A Soukhanovskii, V Stevenson, T Stotler, D Stratton, B Stutman, D Swain, D Synakowski, E Takase, Y Tritz, K von Halle, A Wade, M White, R Wilgen, J Williams, M Zhu, W Zweben, SJ Akers, R Beiersdorfer, P Betti, R Bigelow, T TI Effect of plasma shaping on performance in the national spherical torus experiment SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID TIME EQUILIBRIUM RECONSTRUCTION; EXPERIMENT NSTX; STABILITY AB The National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) has explored the effects of shaping on plasma performance as determined by many diverse topics including the stability of global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modes (e.g., ideal external kinks and resistive wall modes), edge localized modes (ELMs), bootstrap current drive, divertor flux expansion, and heat transport. Improved shaping capability has been crucial to achieving beta(t)similar to 40%. Precise plasma shape control has been achieved on NSTX using real-time equilibrium reconstruction. NSTX has simultaneously achieved elongation kappa similar to 2.8 and triangularity delta similar to 0.8. Ideal MHD theory predicts increased stability at high values of shaping factor S equivalent to q(95)I(p)/(aB(t)), which has been observed at large values of the S similar to 37[MA/(m center dot T)] on NSTX. The behavior of ELMs is observed to depend on plasma shape. A description of the ELM regimes attained as shape is varied will be presented. Increased shaping is predicted to increase the bootstrap fraction at fixed I-p. The achievement of strong shaping has enabled operation with 1 s pulses with I-p=1 MA, and for 1.6 s for I-p=700 kA. Analysis of the noninductive current fraction as well as empirical analysis of the achievable plasma pulse length as elongation is varied will be presented. Data are presented showing a reduction in peak divertor heat load due to increasing in flux expansion. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 94524 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. CompX, Del Mar, CA 92014 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92967 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Nova Photon, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima 7398511, Japan. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Gates, DA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; Nishino, Nobuhiro/D-6390-2011; Choe, Wonho/C-1556-2011; White, Roscoe/D-1773-2013; Stotler, Daren/J-9494-2015; Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015; OI White, Roscoe/0000-0002-4239-2685; Stotler, Daren/0000-0001-5521-8718; Davis, William/0000-0003-0666-7247; Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 NR 19 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 056122 DI 10.1063/1.2198174 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000116 ER PT J AU Gilson, EP Chung, M Davidson, RC Dorf, M Efthimion, PC Majeski, R AF Gilson, EP Chung, M Davidson, RC Dorf, M Efthimion, PC Majeski, R TI Experimental simulations of beam propagation over large distances in a compact linear Paul trap SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID INSTABILITY AB The Paul Trap Simulator Experiment (PTSX) is a compact laboratory experiment that places the physicist in the frame of reference of a long, charged-particle bunch coasting through a kilometers-long magnetic alternating-gradient (AG) transport system. The transverse dynamics of particles in both systems are described by similar equations, including nonlinear space-charge effects. The time-dependent voltages applied to the PTSX quadrupole electrodes are equivalent to the axially oscillating magnetic fields applied in the AG system. Experiments concerning the quiescent propagation of intense beams over large distances can then be performed in a compact and flexible facility. An understanding and characterization of the conditions required for quiescent beam transport, minimum halo particle generation, and precise beam compression and manipulation techniques, are essential, as accelerators and transport systems demand that ever-increasing amounts of space charge be transported. Application areas include ion-beam-driven high energy density physics, high energy and nuclear physics accelerator systems, etc. One-component cesium plasmas have been trapped in PTSX that correspond to normalized beam intensities, s=omega(2)(p)(0)/2 omega(2)(q), up to 80% of the space-charge limit where self-electric forces balance the applied focusing force. Here, omega(p)(0)=[n(b)(0)e(b)(2)/m(b)epsilon(0)](1/2) is the on-axis plasma frequency, and omega(q) is the smooth-focusing frequency associated with the applied focusing field. Plasmas in PTSX with values of s that are 20% of the limit have been trapped for times corresponding to equivalent beam propagation over 10 km. Results are presented for experiments in which the amplitude of the quadrupole focusing lattice is modified as a function of time. It is found that instantaneous changes in lattice amplitude can be detrimental to transverse confinement of the charge bunch. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Gilson, EP (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM egilson@pppl.gov NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 056705 DI 10.1063/1.2192760 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000147 ER PT J AU Gurcan, OD Diamond, PH Hahm, TS AF Gurcan, OD Diamond, PH Hahm, TS TI Radial transport of fluctuation energy in a two-field model of drift-wave turbulence SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ANOMALOUS TRANSPORT; PLASMA TURBULENCE; REYNOLDS-STRESS; ZONAL FLOWS; DYNAMICS; EDGE; INTERMITTENCY; DIFFUSION; TOKAMAKS AB A theory of spatial propagation of turbulence, referred to as turbulence spreading, is developed for the two-field model of drift wave turbulence. Markovian closure expressions for the flux of kinetic and internal fluctuation energies are systematically derived. Simplified closure expressions are used to obtain two coupled reaction-diffusion equations for kinetic and internal energy. The efficacy of various nonlinear interaction mechanisms for spreading is analyzed systematically. Spreading of internal energy is predicted to "lead" that of kinetic energy. The important role of zonal flow damping in spreading is identified, but zonal flows are shown not to be the dominant agents of turbulence spreading. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Gurcan, OD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Gurcan, Ozgur/A-1362-2013 OI Gurcan, Ozgur/0000-0002-2278-1544 NR 42 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 052306 DI 10.1063/1.2180668 PG 18 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000026 ER PT J AU Itoh, K Itoh, SI Diamond, PH Hahm, TS Fujisawa, A Tynan, GR Yagi, M Nagashima, Y AF Itoh, K Itoh, SI Diamond, PH Hahm, TS Fujisawa, A Tynan, GR Yagi, M Nagashima, Y TI Physics of zonal flows SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID DRIFT-WAVE TURBULENCE; ELECTRON-TEMPERATURE GRADIENT; GEODESIC ACOUSTIC MODE; GYROKINETIC SIMULATIONS; BICOHERENCE ANALYSIS; STATISTICAL-THEORY; COHERENT STRUCTURE; TOROIDAL PLASMAS; EDGE TURBULENCE; ENERGY-TRANSFER AB Zonal flows, which means azimuthally symmetric band-like shear flows, are ubiquitous phenomena in nature and the laboratory. It is now widely recognized that zonal flows are a key constituent in virtually all cases and regimes of drift wave turbulence, indeed, so much so that this classic problem is now frequently referred to as "drift wave-zonal flow turbulence." In this review, new viewpoints and unifying concepts are presented, which facilitate understanding of zonal flow physics, via theory, computation and their confrontation with the results of laboratory experiment. Special emphasis is placed on identifying avenues for further progress. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki 5095292, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Res Inst Appl Mech, Kasuga, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Itoh, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki 5095292, Japan. RI Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016 NR 84 TC 96 Z9 98 U1 5 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 055502 DI 10.1063/1.2178779 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000080 ER PT J AU Jaeger, EF Berry, LA Ahern, SD Barrett, RF Batchelor, DB Carter, MD D'Azevedo, EF Moore, RD Harvey, RW Myra, JR D'Ippolito, DA Dumont, RJ Phillips, CK Okuda, H Smithe, DN Bonoli, PT Wright, JC Choi, M AF Jaeger, EF Berry, LA Ahern, SD Barrett, RF Batchelor, DB Carter, MD D'Azevedo, EF Moore, RD Harvey, RW Myra, JR D'Ippolito, DA Dumont, RJ Phillips, CK Okuda, H Smithe, DN Bonoli, PT Wright, JC Choi, M TI Self-consistent full-wave and Fokker-Planck calculations for ion cyclotron heating in non-Maxwellian plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID VELOCITY-SPACE DIFFUSION; CURRENT DRIVE; DIII-D; ABSORPTION; ROTATION; TURBULENCE; HARMONICS AB Magnetically confined plasmas can contain significant concentrations of nonthermal plasma particles arising from fusion reactions, neutral beam injection, and wave-driven diffusion in velocity space. Initial studies in one-dimensional and experimental results show that nonthermal energetic ions can significantly affect wave propagation and heating in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies. In addition, these ions can absorb power at high harmonics of the cyclotron frequency where conventional two-dimensional global-wave models are not valid. In this work, the all-orders global-wave solver AORSA [E. F. Jaeger , Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 195001 (2003)] is generalized to treat non-Maxwellian velocity distributions. Quasilinear diffusion coefficients are derived directly from the wave fields and used to calculate energetic ion velocity distributions with the CQL3D Fokker-Planck code [R. W. Harvey and M. G. McCoy, Proceedings of the IAEA Technical Committee Meeting on Simulation and Modeling of Thermonuclear Plasmas, Montreal, Canada, 1992 (USDOC NTIS Document No. DE93002962)]. For comparison, the quasilinear coefficients can be calculated numerically by integrating the Lorentz force equations along particle orbits. Self-consistency between the wave electric field and resonant ion distribution function is achieved by iterating between the global-wave and Fokker-Planck solutions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. CompX, Del Mar, CA 92014 USA. Lodestar Res Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. MIT, Ctr Plasma Fusion, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Jaeger, EF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Dumont, Remi/D-3840-2009 NR 28 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 056101 DI 10.1063/1.2173629 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000095 ER PT J AU Jones, B Garasi, CJ Ampleford, DJ Deeney, C Mehlhorn, TA Bland, SN Lebedev, SV Chittenden, JP Bott, SC Palmer, JBA Hall, GN Rapley, J AF Jones, B Garasi, CJ Ampleford, DJ Deeney, C Mehlhorn, TA Bland, SN Lebedev, SV Chittenden, JP Bott, SC Palmer, JBA Hall, GN Rapley, J TI Measurement and modeling of the implosion of wire arrays with seeded instabilities SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID Z-PINCH IMPLOSIONS; PHYSICS; POWER; SIMULATIONS; RADIATION; PLASMA; FLOW AB In order to study wire array Z-pinch instabilities, perturbations have been seeded by etching 15 mu m diameter aluminum wires to introduce 20% modulations in radius with a controlled axial wavelength. These perturbations seed additional imploding structures that are studied experimentally on the 1 MA, 250 ns MAGPIE generator [S. V. Lebedev , Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 47, A91 (2005)] and with three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic calculations using the ALEGRA-HEDP [A. C. Robinson and C. J. Garasi, Comput. Phys. Commun. 164, 408 (2004)] and GORGON [J. P. Chittenden , Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 46, B457 (2004)] codes. Simulations indicate that current path nonuniformity at discontinuities in the wire radius result in perturbation-induced magnetic bubble formation. Imploding bubbles originating from discontinuities are observed experimentally, and their collision on axis determines the start of the main x-ray pulse rise. These mechanisms likely govern dynamics of standard wire array Z pinches, and tailoring the profile of imploding mass may allow x-ray pulse shaping for inertial confinement fusion applications. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. RP Jones, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Hall, Gareth/C-4179-2015 NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 056313 DI 10.1063/1.2174833 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000130 ER PT J AU Kessel, CE Bell, RE Bell, MG Gates, DA Kaye, SM LeBlanc, BP Menard, JE Phillips, CK Synakowski, EJ Taylor, G Wilson, R Harvey, RW Mau, TK Ryan, PM Sabbagh, SA AF Kessel, CE Bell, RE Bell, MG Gates, DA Kaye, SM LeBlanc, BP Menard, JE Phillips, CK Synakowski, EJ Taylor, G Wilson, R Harvey, RW Mau, TK Ryan, PM Sabbagh, SA CA NSTX Res Team TI Long pulse high performance plasma scenario development for the National Spherical Torus Experiment SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID INSTABILITIES; TRANSPORT; STABILITY; INJECTION; TOKAMAKS; BETA AB The National Spherical Torus Experiment [Ono , Nucl. Fusion, 44, 452 (2004)] is targeting long pulse high performance, noninductive sustained operations at low aspect ratio, and the demonstration of nonsolenoidal startup and current rampup. The modeling of these plasmas provides a framework for experimental planning and identifies the tools to access these regimes. Simulations based on neutral beam injection (NBI)-heated plasmas are made to understand the impact of various modifications and identify the requirements for (1) high elongation and triangularity, (2) density control to optimize the current drive, (3) plasma rotation and/or feedback stabilization to operate above the no-wall beta limit, and (4) electron Bernstein waves (EBW) for off-axis heating/current drive (H/CD). Integrated scenarios are constructed to provide the transport evolution and H/CD source modeling, supported by rf and stability analyses. Important factors include the energy confinement, Z(eff), early heating/H mode, broadening of the NBI-driven current profile, and maintaining q(0) and q(min)> 1.0. Simulations show that noninductive sustained plasmas can be reached at I-P=800 kA, B-T=0.5 T, kappa approximate to 2.5, beta(N)<= 5, beta <= 15%, f(NI)=92%, and q(0)> 1.0 with NBI H/CD, density control, and similar global energy confinement to experiments. The noninductive sustained high beta plasmas can be reached at I-P=1.0 MA, B-T=0.35 T, kappa approximate to 2.5, beta(N)<= 9, beta <= 43%, f(NI)=100%, and q(0)> 1.5 with NBI H/CD and 3.0 MW of EBW H/CD, density control, and 25% higher global energy confinement than experiments. A scenario for nonsolenoidal plasma current rampup is developed using high harmonic fast wave H/CD in the early low I-P and low T-e phase, followed by NBI H/CD to continue the current ramp, reaching a maximum of 480 kA after 3.4 s. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. CompX, Del Mar, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Kessel, CE (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM ckessel@pppl.gov RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; OI Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 056108 DI 10.1063/1.2177645 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000102 ER PT J AU Kline, JL Montgomery, DS Yin, L DuBois, DF Albright, BJ Bezzerides, B Cobble, JA Dodd, ES DuBois, DF Fernandez, JC Johnson, RP Kindel, JM Rose, HA AF Kline, JL Montgomery, DS Yin, L DuBois, DF Albright, BJ Bezzerides, B Cobble, JA Dodd, ES DuBois, DF Fernandez, JC Johnson, RP Kindel, JM Rose, HA TI Different k lambda(D) regimes for nonlinear effects on Langmuir waves SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID SINGLE-HOT-SPOT; DRIVEN PARAMETRIC-INSTABILITIES; STIMULATED RAMAN-SCATTERING; INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; DECAY INSTABILITY; THOMSON SCATTERING; SMOOTH IONOSPHERE; FREQUENCY-SHIFT; PLASMA-WAVES; TURBULENCE AB As Langmuir waves (LWs) are driven to large amplitude in plasma, they are affected by nonlinear mechanisms. A global understanding, based on simulations and experiments, has emerged that identifies various nonlinear regimes depending on the dimensionless parameter k lambda(D), where k is the Langmuir wave number and lambda(D) is the electron Debye length. The nonlinear phenomena arise due to wave-wave and wave-particle coupling mechanisms, and this basic separation between fluid-like nonlinearities and kinetic nonlinearities depends on the degree to which electron and ion Landau damping, as well as electron trapping, play a role. Previous ionospheric heating experiments [Cheung Phys. Plasmas 8, 802 (2001)] identified cavitation/collapse and Langmuir decay instability (LDI), predominantly wave-wave mechanisms, to be the principal nonlinear effects for driven LWs with k lambda(D)< 0.1, in agreement with fluid simulations [DuBois Phys. Plasmas 8, 791 (2001)]. In the present research, collective Thomson scattering measurements of LWs driven by stimulated Raman scattering in laser-plasma experiments are used to study both wave-wave and wave-particle nonlinearities [Kline Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 175003 (2005)]. For k lambda(D)< 0.29, multiple LWs are detected and are attributed to LDI, a wave-wave nonlinear regime. For k lambda(D)>0.29, a single-wave, frequency-broadened spectrum is observed associated with electron trapping, a wave-particle nonlinear regime. The transition from wave-wave to wave-particle nonlinear behavior is qualitatively consistent with particle-in-cell simulations and with the crossing of the LDI threshold above that for LW self-focusing. The fact that LDI is observed in both ionospheric and laser-plasma experiments for similar values of k lambda(D), though vastly differing in plasma conditions and scales, and that simulations predict the various observed nonlinear regimes over a large range of k lambda(D), supports our global view of LW nonlinear behavior. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Kline, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Fernandez, Juan/H-3268-2011; Daughton, William/L-9661-2013; OI Fernandez, Juan/0000-0002-1438-1815; Albright, Brian/0000-0002-7789-6525; Yin, Lin/0000-0002-8978-5320; Kline, John/0000-0002-2271-9919 NR 31 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 055906 DI 10.1063/1.2178777 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000093 ER PT J AU Kolesnichenko, YI Marchenko, VS White, RB AF Kolesnichenko, YI Marchenko, VS White, RB TI Interchange and infernal fishbone modes in plasmas with tangentially injected beams SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL KINK MODES; LOW-SHEAR TOKAMAKS; TOROIDAL PLASMAS; STABILITY; IONS; OSCILLATIONS AB New energetic particle mode instabilities of fishbone type are predicted. The considered instabilities are driven by circulating energetic ions. They can arise in plasmas of tokamaks and spherical tori with weak magnetic shear in the wide core region and strong shear at the periphery, provided that the central safety factor is close to the ratio m/n, where m and n are the poloidal mode number and toroidal mode number, respectively. The instability with m=n=1 has a mainly interchange-like radial structure, whereas the radial structure of instabilities with m/n > 1 is mainly similar to that of the infernal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) mode; the differences between the fishbone mode structures and MHD mode structures are considerable only in the vicinity of the local Alfven resonance. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Inst Nucl Res, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Kolesnichenko, YI (reprint author), Inst Nucl Res, Prospect Nauky 47, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. RI White, Roscoe/D-1773-2013 OI White, Roscoe/0000-0002-4239-2685 NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 052504 DI 10.1063/1.2198207 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000033 ER PT J AU Kramer, GJ Nazikian, R Alper, B de Baar, M Berk, HL Fu, GY Gorelenkov, NN McKee, G Pinches, SD Rhodes, TL Sharapov, SE Solomon, WM van Zeeland, MA AF Kramer, GJ Nazikian, R Alper, B de Baar, M Berk, HL Fu, GY Gorelenkov, NN McKee, G Pinches, SD Rhodes, TL Sharapov, SE Solomon, WM van Zeeland, MA CA JET EFDA Contributors TI Interpretation of core localized Alfven eigenmodes in DIII-D and Joint European Torus reversed magnetic shear plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID AXISYMMETRICAL TOROIDAL PLASMAS; FLUCTUATION MEASUREMENTS; TOROIDICITY; TOKAMAK; DRIVEN; DISCHARGES; STABILITY; JT-60U; INSTABILITIES; REFLECTOMETRY AB Reversed shear Alfven eigenmodes (RSAE) that were observed in the Joint European Torus (JET) [P. H. Rebut and B. E. Keen, Fusion Technol.11, 13 (1987)] and DIII-D [J. L. Luxon, Nucl. Fusion42, 614 (2002)] are studied with the ideal magnetohydrodynamic code NOVA-K [C. Z. Cheng, Phys. Rep.211, 1 (1992)]. It was found that the frequency behavior of the RSAEs can be described accurately by the NOVA-K code when plasma compressibility effects and toroidal plasma rotation are taken into account. For the mode activity on JET, the calculated drive exceeds the mode damping rate, consistent with experimental observations, while on DIII-D the growth rate from neutral beam ions for modes with high toroidal mode numbers is insufficient to account for the excitation of the modes and a major part of the drive comes from the background plasma. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Labs, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. UKAEA, EURATOM, Fus Associates, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Inst Fus Studies, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Plasma & Fus Res, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kramer, GJ (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Labs, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM gkramer@pppl.gov OI Solomon, Wayne/0000-0002-0902-9876 NR 37 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 056104 DI 10.1063/1.2186049 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000098 ER PT J AU Krstic, PS Schultz, DR AF Krstic, PS Schultz, DR TI Elastic and related transport cross sections for protons scattering from the noble gases He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID DIII-D TOKAMAK; CHARGE-EXCHANGE COLLISIONS; DIVERTOR DISCHARGES; SPIN POLARIZATION; ELECTRON-CAPTURE; HYDROGEN PLASMAS; SLOW COLLISIONS; ATOMS; IMPURITY; IONS AB Using a fully quantum mechanical treatment, cross sections have been calculated over a wide range of center-of-mass collision energies (0.1-10 000 eV) for the elastic scattering of protons from noble gas atoms He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe. In addition, the momentum transfer and viscosity cross sections, relevant to transport modeling, have been computed along with results of the classical trajectory Monte Carlo method. The comparison of the results from two methods of calculation enables improved insight into the accuracy of the cross sections obtained within various energy ranges. Scaling relations of fusion energy research interest are given allowing the data to be applied for D+ and T+ impact. Also, owing to improvements and extensions of the methods utilized here, we describe updated elastic and transport cross sections for H++C in the Appendix. All of the data calculated here are explicitly tabulated on the worldwide web for convenient use in plasma modeling. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Krstic, PS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 053501 DI 10.1063/1.2199808 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000068 ER PT J AU Kuritsyn, A Yamada, M Gerhardt, S Ji, H Kulsrud, R Ren, Y AF Kuritsyn, A Yamada, M Gerhardt, S Ji, H Kulsrud, R Ren, Y TI Measurements of the parallel and transverse Spitzer resistivities during collisional magnetic reconnection SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID ELECTRON-SCATTERING; PLASMA; MODEL AB Plasma resistivity has been studied experimentally in a reconnecting current sheet. Resistivities during collisional reconnection, when the electron mean free path is much shorter than the current sheet thickness, in the presence and absence of the guide field are found to be in a good agreement with the parallel and transverse Spitzer values, respectively. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Ctr Magnet Self Org Lab & Astrophys Plasma, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Kuritsyn, A (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM kuritsyn@wisc.edu RI Yamada, Masaaki/D-7824-2015 OI Yamada, Masaaki/0000-0003-4996-1649 NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 055703 DI 10.1063/1.2179416 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000084 ER PT J AU Kyrala, GA Gunderson, MA Delamater, ND Haynes, DA Wilson, DC Guzik, JA Klare, KA AF Kyrala, GA Gunderson, MA Delamater, ND Haynes, DA Wilson, DC Guzik, JA Klare, KA TI Detailed diagnosis of a double-shell collision under realistic implosion conditions SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; POLAR DIRECT-DRIVE; OMEGA LASER; DESIGN; CAPSULES; TARGETS AB Double-shell implosions provide a noncryogenic path to inertial confinement fusion. In the double-shell target, the energy is absorbed in an outer shell that is accelerated inward and collides with an inner shell that implodes against the deuterium fuel. Symmetric collision of the shells requires that the shells be illuminated and built symmetrically. In reality, the targets are complicated and the construction is not symmetric, due to the seam that our current assembly method requires. Using the Omega laser [R. T. Boehly , Opt. Comm. 133, 495 (1997)], an illumination strategy was designed that uses 40 beams in an offset geometry, leaving 20 beams to perform radiography from two different directions. This places a significant nonsymmetric illumination challenge that may not exist in final targets shot on the National Ignition Facility. This paper presents a measurement of the time history of a collision of two shells in a double-shell capsule, briefly reviews the illumination geometry, gives the results of the measurements of the trajectory and symmetry of the outer and inner shells, shows the effect of a seam on the inner shell implosion, and compares the results with calculations. The measurement of such a collision in a spherical geometry is of great interest to the study of double-shell implosions as well as code validation. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Kyrala, GA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E-526, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM Kyrala@lanl.gov NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 056306 DI 10.1063/1.2179047 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000123 ER PT J AU Lapenta, G Brackbill, JU Ricci, P AF Lapenta, G Brackbill, JU Ricci, P TI Kinetic approach to microscopic-macroscopic coupling in space and laboratory plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; PARTICLE SIMULATION; IMPLICIT; HYBRID; FIELD; MODEL AB Kinetic plasma simulation typically requires to handle a multiplicity of space and time scales. The implicit moment particle in cell (PIC) method provides a possible route to address the presence of multiple scales effectively. Here, a new implementation of the implicit moment method is described. The present paper has two goals. First, the most modern implementation of the implicit moment method is described. While many of the algorithms involved have been developed in the past, the present paper reports for the first time how the implicit moment method is currently implemented and what specific algorithms have been found to work best. Second, we present the CELESTE3D code, a fully electromagnetic and fully kinetic PIC code, based on the implicit moment method. The code has been in use for a number of years but no previous complete description of its implementation has been provided. The present work fills this gap and introduces a number of new methods not previously presented: a new implementation of the Maxwell solver and a new particle mover based on a Newton-Krylov nonlinear solver for the discretized Newton's equations. A number of benchmarks of CELESTE3D are presented to shown the typical application and to investigate the improvements introduced by the new solver and the new mover. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Theory Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Particle Solut, Portland, OR 97214 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Lapenta, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Theory Grp, Mail Stop K717, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lapenta@lanl.gov OI Lapenta, Giovanni/0000-0002-3123-4024 NR 34 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 055904 DI 10.1063/1.2173623 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000091 ER PT J AU Liu, YQ Chu, MS Garofalo, AM La Haye, RJ Gribov, Y Gryaznevich, M Hender, TC Howell, DF de Vries, P Okabayashi, M Pinches, SD Reimerdes, H AF Liu, YQ Chu, MS Garofalo, AM La Haye, RJ Gribov, Y Gryaznevich, M Hender, TC Howell, DF de Vries, P Okabayashi, M Pinches, SD Reimerdes, H CA EFDA-JET contributors TI Modeling of resistive wall mode and its control in experiments and ITER SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID ACTIVE FEEDBACK STABILIZATION; DIII-D; PLASMA ROTATION; EXTERNAL-MODES; TOKAMAKS; INSTABILITIES; SYSTEMS; PINCH; COILS; SHELL AB Active control of the resistive wall mode (RWM) for DIII-D [Luxon and Davis, Fusion Technol. 8, 441 (1985)] plasmas is studied using the MARS-F code [Y. Q. Liu, , Phys. Plasmas 7, 3681 (2000)]. Control optimization shows that the mode can be stabilized up to the ideal wall beta limit, using the internal control coils (I-coils) and poloidal sensors located at the outboard midplane, in combination with an ideal amplifier. With the present DIII-D power supply model, the stabilization is achieved up to 70% of the range between no-wall and ideal-wall limits. Reasonably good quantitative agreement is achieved between MARS-F simulations and experiments on DIII-D and JET (Joint European Torus) [P. H. Rebut , Nucl. Fusion 25, 1011 (1985)] on critical rotation for the mode stabilization. Dynamics of rotationally stabilized plasmas is well described by a single mode approximation; whilst a strongly unstable plasma requires a multiple mode description. For ITER [R. Aymar, P. Barabaschi, and Y. Shimomura, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 44, 519 (2002)], the MARS-F simulations show the plasma rotation may not provide a robust mechanism for the RWM stabilization in the advanced scenario. With the assumption of ideal amplifiers, and using optimally tuned controllers and sensor signals, the present feedback coil design in ITER allows stabilization of the n=1 RWM for plasma pressures up to 80% of the range between the no-wall and ideal-wall limits. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Chalmers Univ Technol, EURATOM, VR Fus Assoc, Dept Appl Mech, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. ITER Naka Joint Work Site, Phys Unit, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Liu, YQ (reprint author), Chalmers Univ Technol, EURATOM, VR Fus Assoc, Dept Appl Mech, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM yueqiang.liu@chalmers.se NR 43 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 056120 DI 10.1063/1.2177199 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000114 ER PT J AU McLean, HS Wood, RD Cohen, BI Hooper, EB Hill, DN Moller, JM Romero-Talamas, C Woodruff, S AF McLean, HS Wood, RD Cohen, BI Hooper, EB Hill, DN Moller, JM Romero-Talamas, C Woodruff, S TI Transport and fluctuations in high temperature spheromak plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID MINIMUM-ENERGY STATE; DECAYING SPHEROMAK; SPHEX SPHEROMAK; CURRENT DRIVE; RELAXATION; SUSTAINMENT; FLUX; CONFINEMENT; EQUILIBRIA AB Higher electron temperature (T-e>350 eV) and reduced electron thermal diffusivity (chi(e)< 10 m(2)/s) is achieved in the Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment (SSPX) by increasing the discharge current=I-gun and gun bias flux=psi(gun) in a prescribed manner. The internal current and q=safety factor profile derived from equilibrium reconstruction as well as the measured magnetic fluctuation amplitude can be controlled by programming the ratio lambda(gun)=mu I-0(gun)/psi(gun). Varying lambda(gun) above and below the minimum energy eigenvalue=lambda(FC) of the flux conserver (del xB=lambda B-FC) varies the q profile and produces the m/n=poloidal/toroidal magnetic fluctuation mode spectrum expected from mode-rational surfaces with q=m/n. The highest T-e is measured when the gun is driven with lambda(gun) slightly less than lambda(FC), producing low fluctuation amplitudes (< 1%) and 1/2 < q < 2/3. Transport analysis shows a reduction in chi(e) as T-e increases, differing from Bohm or open field line transport models where chi(e) increases with T-e. Detailed resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulations with the NIMROD code support the analysis of energy confinement in terms of the causal link with the q profile, magnetic fluctuations associated with low-order mode-rational surfaces, and the quality of magnetic surfaces. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP McLean, HS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mail Stop L-637,700 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM mclean1@llnl.gov NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 056105 DI 10.1063/1.2192469 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000099 ER PT J AU Murakami, M Wade, MR Greenfield, CM Luce, TC Ferron, JR John, HES DeBoo, JC Heidbrink, WW Luo, Y Makowski, MA Osborne, TH Petty, CC Politzer, PA Allen, SL Burrell, KH Casper, TA Doyle, EJ Garofalo, AM Gohil, P Gorelov, IA Groebner, RJ Hyatt, AW Jayakumar, RJ Kajiwara, K Kessel, CE Kinsey, JE La Haye, RJ Lao, LL Leonard, AW Lohr, J Petrie, TW Pinsker, RI Prater, R Rhodes, TL Sips, ACC Staebler, GM Taylor, TS Vanzeeland, MA Wang, G West, WP Zeng, L AF Murakami, M Wade, MR Greenfield, CM Luce, TC Ferron, JR John, HES DeBoo, JC Heidbrink, WW Luo, Y Makowski, MA Osborne, TH Petty, CC Politzer, PA Allen, SL Burrell, KH Casper, TA Doyle, EJ Garofalo, AM Gohil, P Gorelov, IA Groebner, RJ Hyatt, AW Jayakumar, RJ Kajiwara, K Kessel, CE Kinsey, JE La Haye, RJ Lao, LL Leonard, AW Lohr, J Petrie, TW Pinsker, RI Prater, R Rhodes, TL Sips, ACC Staebler, GM Taylor, TS Vanzeeland, MA Wang, G West, WP Zeng, L CA DIII-D Team TI Progress toward fully noninductive, high beta conditions in DIII-D SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID CYCLOTRON CURRENT DRIVE; NEOCLASSICAL TEARING MODES; ADVANCED TOKAMAK REGIMES; ARBITRARY COLLISIONALITY; COMPLETE SUPPRESSION; BOOTSTRAP CURRENT; CURRENT PROFILE; STEADY-STATE; ITER; PLASMAS AB The DIII-D Advanced Tokamak (AT) program in the DIII-D tokamak [J. L. Luxon, Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion Research, 1986, Vol. I (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), p. 159] is aimed at developing a scientific basis for steady-state, high-performance operation in future devices. This requires simultaneously achieving 100% noninductive operation with high self-driven bootstrap current fraction and toroidal beta. Recent progress in this area includes demonstration of 100% noninductive conditions with toroidal beta, beta(T)=3.6%, normalized beta, beta(N)=3.5, and confinement factor, H-89=2.4 with the plasma current driven completely by bootstrap, neutral beam current drive, and electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD). The equilibrium reconstructions indicate that the noninductive current profile is well aligned, with little inductively driven current remaining anywhere in the plasma. The current balance calculation improved with beam ion redistribution that was supported by recent fast ion diagnostic measurements. The duration of this state is limited by pressure profile evolution, leading to magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities after about 1 s or half of a current relaxation time (tau(CR)). Stationary conditions are maintained in similar discharges (similar to 90% noninductive), limited only by the 2 s duration (1 tau(CR)) of the present ECCD systems. By discussing parametric scans in a global parameter and profile databases, the need for low density and high beta are identified to achieve full noninductive operation and good current drive alignment. These experiments achieve the necessary fusion performance and bootstrap fraction to extrapolate to the fusion gain, Q=5 steady-state scenario in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) [R. Aymar , Fusion Energy Conference on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Physics, Sorrento, Italy (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), paper IAEA-CN-77/OV-1]. The modeling tools that have been successfully employed to both plan and interpret the experiment are used to plan future DIII-D experiments with higher power and longer pulse ECCD and fast wave and co- and counterneutral beam injection in a pumped double-null configuration. The models predict our ability to control the current and pressure profiles to reach full noninductivity with increased beta, bootstrap fraction, and duration. The same modeling tools are applied to ITER, predicting favorable prospects for the success of the ITER steady-state scenario. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Murakami, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 38 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 056106 DI 10.1063/1.2173627 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000100 ER PT J AU Murali, SK Cipiti, BB Santarius, JF Kulcinski, GL AF Murali, SK Cipiti, BB Santarius, JF Kulcinski, GL TI Study of fusion regimes in an inertial electrostatic confinement device using the new eclipse disk diagnostic SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA AB New diagnostics are required to understand the physics operation of an inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) device. In an attempt to understand the fusion source regimes within the IEC device, a new diagnostic called the eclipse disk has been introduced. This diagnostic was used to exploit the byproduct protons' energy difference between the deuterium-deuterium (D-D) and deuterium-an isotope of helium with two protons and one neutron (D-He-3) reactions to study the contributions of the protons generated from various source regimes. These source regimes are divided into five categories namely: converged core, embedded, beam background, volume, and wall-surface sources. The eclipse disk diagnostic has provided the first confirmed evidence that D-He-3 reactions are predominantly embedded reactions. It has been observed that at the present operating power levels (6-10 kW) most of the D-D reactions occur in the volume of the chamber caused by the charge exchanged neutrals, and the converged core contribution is significant only for D-D reactions. Since the branching ratio for the proton and neutron generation in a D-D fusion reaction is similar to 50%, it is inferred that the proton to neutron count ratio is a better parameter to monitor than either proton or neutron counts measured alone while studying the source regimes. This parameter may also be used for studying the potential wells within the cathode grid. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Fus Technol Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Murali, SK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Fus Technol Inst, 1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM ksubramanian@micron.com; bbcipit@sandia.gov NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 053111 DI 10.1063/1.2200289 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000064 ER PT J AU Mynick, HE AF Mynick, HE TI Transport optimization in stellarators SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID RADIAL ELECTRIC-FIELD; LARGE HELICAL DEVICE; NEOCLASSICAL TRANSPORT; CONFINEMENT SYSTEMS; ASPECT RATIO; PLASMA; TOKAMAKS; DIFFUSION; RIPPLE; EQUILIBRIUM AB A survey of the approaches which have been developed for mitigating transport in stellarators is presented. A primary deficiency of stellarators has been elevated transport levels due to their nonaxisymmetry. Since the early 1980s, stellarator research has addressed this difficulty, developing a range of techniques for reducing transport, both neoclassical and, more recently, also anomalous. Several of these approaches are now being implemented in a new generation of experiments in the United States and abroad. This paper describes the fundamental physics of these methods for transport reduction. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Mynick, HE (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 55 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 058102 DI 10.1063/1.2177643 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000159 ER PT J AU Najmabadi, F Raffray, AR Ku, LP Lyon, JF AF Najmabadi, Farrokh Raffray, A. Rene Ku, Long-Poe Lyon, James F. CA ARIES team TI Optimization of compact stellarator configuration as fusion devices SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID POWER-PLANT; ARIES-ST; DESIGN; TOKAMAK; TECHNOLOGY; EQUILIBRIA; DIVERTOR AB Optimization of the stellarator configuration requires tradeoffs among a large number of physics parameters and engineering constraints. An integrated study of compact stellarator power plants, ARIES-CS, aims at examining these tradeoffs and defining key R&D areas. Configurations with a plasma aspect ratio of A <= 6 and excellent quasiaxisymmetry (QA) in both two and three field period versions were developed while reducing alpha-particle losses to < 10%. Stability to linear ideal MHD modes was attained, but at the expense of reduced QA (and increased alpha-particle losses) and increased complexity of the plasma shape. Recent experimental results indicate, however, that linear MHD stability limits may not be applicable to stellarators. By utilizing a highly efficient shield-only region in strategic areas, the minimum standoff was reduced by similar to 30%. This allows a comparable reduction in the machine size. The device configuration, assembly, and maintenance procedures appear to impose severe constraints: three distinct approaches were developed, each applicable to a certain blanket concept and/or stellarator configuration. Modular coils are designed to examine the geometric complexity and to understand the constraints imposed by the maximum allowable field, desirable coil-plasma separation, coil-coil spacing, and other coil parameters. A cost-optimization system code has also been developed and will be utilized to assess the tradeoff among physics and engineering constraints in a self-consistent manner in the final phase of the ARIES-CS study. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Najmabadi, F (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 056123 DI 10.1063/1.2198510 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000117 ER PT J AU Nikroo, A Chen, KC Hoppe, ML Huang, H Wall, JR Xu, H McElfresh, MW Alford, CS Cook, RC Cooley, JC Fields, R Hackenberg, R Doerner, RP Baldwin, M AF Nikroo, A. Chen, K. C. Hoppe, M. L. Huang, H. Wall, J. R. Xu, H. McElfresh, M. W. Alford, C. S. Cook, R. C. Cooley, J. C. Fields, R. Hackenberg, R. Doerner, R. P. Baldwin, M. TI Progress toward fabrication of graded doped beryllium and CH capsules for the National Ignition Facility SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID NIF TARGET CAPSULES; ABLATORS; COATINGS AB Current ignition designs require graded doped beryllium or CH capsules. This paper reports on the progress toward fabricating both beryllium and CH capsules that meet the current design criteria for achieving ignition on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) [S. Hann , Phys. Plasmas 12, 056316 (2005)]. NIF scale graded copper doped beryllium capsules have been made by sputter coating, while graded germanium doped CH capsules have been made by plasma polymer deposition. The sputtering process used for fabricating graded beryllium shells was produced with a void fraction of similar to 5%. Varying the deposition parameters can lead to several different beryllium microstructures, which have been tuned to reduce the void size and fraction to within specifications. In addition, polishing of beryllium-coated shells reduces the outer surface roughness of shells to ignition specifications. Transmission electron microscopy has been used to characterize void fraction and grain structure of beryllium coatings. The plasma polymer deposition process has produced dense, void-free graded doped CH shells that nearly meet the ignition surface finish requirements. Layer thickness and dopant concentrations have been measured by quantitative contact radiography. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Nikroo, A (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RI Cooley, Jason/E-4163-2013; OI Hackenberg, Robert/0000-0002-0380-5723 NR 14 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 056302 DI 10.1063/1.2179054 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000119 ER PT J AU Park, HS Chambers, DM Chung, HK Clarke, RJ Eagleton, R Giraldez, E Goldsack, T Heathcote, R Izumi, N Key, MH King, JA Koch, JA Landen, OL Nikroo, A Patel, PK Price, DF Remington, BA Robey, HF Snavely, RA Steinman, DA Stephens, RB Stoeckl, C Storm, M Tabak, M Theobald, W Town, RPJ Wickersham, JE Zhang, BB AF Park, H. -S. Chambers, D. M. Chung, H. -K. Clarke, R. J. Eagleton, R. Giraldez, E. Goldsack, T. Heathcote, R. Izumi, N. Key, M. H. King, J. A. Koch, J. A. Landen, O. L. Nikroo, A. Patel, P. K. Price, D. F. Remington, B. A. Robey, H. F. Snavely, R. A. Steinman, D. A. Stephens, R. B. Stoeckl, C. Storm, M. Tabak, M. Theobald, W. Town, R. P. J. Wickersham, J. E. Zhang, B. B. TI High-energy K alpha radiography using high-intensity, short-pulse lasers SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY; X-RAY-EMISSION; PLASMA INTERACTIONS; TARGET INTERACTION; HOT-ELECTRONS; PETAWATT; TRANSPORT; OPTIMIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; EFFICIENCY AB The characteristics of 22-40 keV K alpha x-ray sources are measured. These high-energy sources are produced by 100 TW and petawatt high-intensity lasers and will be used to develop and implement workable radiography solutions to probe high-Z and dense materials for the high-energy density experiments. The measurements show that the K alpha source size from a simple foil target is larger than 60 mu m, too large for most radiography applications. The total K alpha yield is independent of target thicknesses, verifying that refluxing plays a major role in photon generation. Smaller radiating volumes emit brighter K alpha radiation. One-dimensional radiography experiments using small-edge-on foils resolved 10 mu m features with high contrast. Experiments were performed to test a variety of small volume two-dimensional point sources such as cones, wires, and embedded wires, measured photon yields, and compared the measurements with predictions from hybrid-particle-in-cell simulations. In addition to high-energy, high-resolution backlighters, future experiments will also need imaging detectors and diagnostic tools that are workable in the high-energy range. An initial look at some of these detector issues is also presented. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Atom Weapons Estab, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Park, HS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011; IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016 OI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X NR 52 TC 119 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 056309 DI 10.1063/1.2178775 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000126 ER PT J AU Park, HK Mazzucato, E Luhmann, NC Domier, CW Xia, Z Munsat, T Donne, AJH Classen, IGJ van de Pol, MJ AF Park, HK Mazzucato, E Luhmann, NC Domier, CW Xia, Z Munsat, T Donne, AJH Classen, IGJ van de Pol, MJ CA TEXTOR Team TI Self-organized T-e redistribution during driven reconnection processes in high-temperature plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID FUSION-TEST-REACTOR; SAWTOOTH OSCILLATIONS; TOKAMAK PLASMAS; DISRUPTIONS; INSTABILITY; TOMOGRAPHY; TRANSPORT; CRASHES; MODE; JET AB Two-dimensional (2D) images of electron temperature fluctuations with high temporal and spatial resolution were employed to study the sawtooth oscillation in Toroidal EXperiment for Technology Oriented Research [S. S. Abdallaev et al., Nucl. Fusion 43, 299 (2003)] tokamak plasmas. The new findings are: (1) 2D images revealed that the reconnection is localized and permitted the determination of the physical dimensions of the reconnection zone in the poloidal and toroidal planes. (2) The combination of a pressure bulge due to finite pressure effects or a kink instability accompanied with a sharp pressure point leads to an "X-point" reconnection process. (3) Reconnection can take place anywhere along the q similar to 1 rational magnetic surface (both high- and low-field sides). (4) Heat flow from the core to the outside of the inversion radius during the reconnection time is through the finite opening on the poloidal and toroidal planes and the flow is highly collective. These new findings are compared with the characteristics of various theoretical models and experimental results for the study of the sawtooth oscillation in tokamak plasmas. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EURATOM, FOM, Inst Plasma Phys Rijnhuizen, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands. Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Inst Plasmaphys, EURATOM Assoc, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Park, HK (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 36 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 055907 DI 10.1063/1.2192467 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000094 ER PT J AU Peterson, RR Peterson, DL Watt, RG Idzorek, G Tierney, T Lopez, M AF Peterson, RR Peterson, DL Watt, RG Idzorek, G Tierney, T Lopez, M TI Blast wave radiation source measurement experiments on the Z Z-pinch facility SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID DRIVEN AB The Dynamic Hohlraum (DH) radiation on the Z facility at Sandia National Laboratories [R. B. Spielman, W. A. Stygar, J. F. Seamen , Proceeding of the 11th International Pulsed Power Conference, Baltimore, 1997, edited by G. Cooperstein and I. Vitkovitsky (IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 1997), Vol. 1, p. 709] is a bright source of radiant energy that has proven useful for high energy density physics experiments. But the radiation output from a DH on Z needs to be well known. In this paper, a new method is presented for measuring the radiation fluence deposited in an experiment, specifically, an experiment driven by a Z DH. This technique uses a blast wave produced in a SiO2 foam, which starts as supersonic but transitions to subsonic, producing a shock at the transition point that is observable via radiography. The position of this shock is a sensitive measure of the radiation drive energy from the Z DH. Computer simulations have been used to design and analyze a Z foam blast wave experiment. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Peterson, RR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rrpeter@lanl.gov NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 056901 DI 10.1063/1.2186050 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000153 ER PT J AU Reimerdes, H Hender, TC Sabbagh, SA Bialek, JM Chu, MS Garofalo, AM Gryaznevich, MP Howell, DF Jackson, GL La Haye, RJ Liu, YQ Menard, JE Navratil, GA Okabayashi, M Pinches, SD Sontag, AC Strait, EJ Zhu, W Bigi, M de Baar, M de Vries, P Gates, DA Gohil, P Groebner, RJ Mueller, D Raman, R Scoville, JT Solomon, WM AF Reimerdes, H Hender, TC Sabbagh, SA Bialek, JM Chu, MS Garofalo, AM Gryaznevich, MP Howell, DF Jackson, GL La Haye, RJ Liu, YQ Menard, JE Navratil, GA Okabayashi, M Pinches, SD Sontag, AC Strait, EJ Zhu, W Bigi, M de Baar, M de Vries, P Gates, DA Gohil, P Groebner, RJ Mueller, D Raman, R Scoville, JT Solomon, WM CA DIII-D Team Jet-EFDA Contributors NSTX Team TI Cross-machine comparison of resonant field amplification and resistive wall mode stabilization by plasma rotation SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID HIGH-BETA PLASMAS; DIII-D PLASMAS; ACTIVE CONTROL; TOKAMAKS; STABILITY; FEEDBACK AB Dedicated experiments in the DIII-D tokamak [J. L. Luxon, Nucl. Fusion, 42, 614 (2002)], the Joint European Torus (JET) [P. H. Rebut, R. J. Bickerton, and B. E. Keen, Nucl. Fusion 25, 1011 (1985)], and the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) [M. Ono, S. M. Kaye, Y.-K. M. Peng , Nucl. Fusion 40, 557 (2000)] reveal the commonalities of resistive wall mode (RWM) stabilization by sufficiently fast toroidal plasma rotation in devices of different size and aspect ratio. In each device the weakly damped n=1 RWM manifests itself by resonant field amplification (RFA) of externally applied n=1 magnetic fields, which increases with the plasma pressure. Probing DIII-D and JET plasmas with similar ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stability properties with externally applied magnetic n=1 fields, shows that the resulting RFA is independent of the machine size. In each device the drag resulting from RFA slows the toroidal plasma rotation and can lead to the onset of an unstable RWM. The critical plasma rotation required for stable operation in the plasma center decreases with increasing q(95), which is explained by the inward shift of q surfaces where the critical rotation remains constant. The quantitative agreement of the critical rotation normalized to the inverse Alfven time at the q=2 surface in similar DIII-D and JET plasmas supports the independence of the RWM stabilization mechanism of machine size and indicates the importance of the q=2 surface. At low aspect ratio the required fraction of the Alfven velocity increases significantly. The ratio of the critical rotation in similar NSTX and DIII-D plasmas can be explained by trapped particles not contributing to the RWM stabilization, which is consistent with stabilization mechanisms that are based on ion Landau damping. Alternatively, the ratio of the required rotation to the sound wave velocity remains independent of aspect ratio. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Chalmers Univ Technol, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EURATOM, FOM, Inst Plasmafys Rijnhuizen, TEC, NL-343 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Reimerdes, H (reprint author), Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM reimerdes@fusion.gat.com RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; OI Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286; Solomon, Wayne/0000-0002-0902-9876 NR 32 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 056107 DI 10.1063/1.2177134 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000101 ER PT J AU Solomon, WM Burrell, KH Andre, R Baylor, LR Budny, R Gohil, P Groebner, RJ Holcomb, CT Houlberg, WA Wade, MR AF Solomon, WM Burrell, KH Andre, R Baylor, LR Budny, R Gohil, P Groebner, RJ Holcomb, CT Houlberg, WA Wade, MR TI Experimental test of the neoclassical theory of impurity poloidal rotation in tokamaks SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID DIII-D TOKAMAK; EXCHANGE RECOMBINATION SPECTROSCOPY; STARK-EFFECT MEASUREMENTS; COUPLED-DEVICE DETECTORS; RADIAL ELECTRIC-FIELD; CHARGE-EXCHANGE; FUSION PLASMAS; ASPECT RATIO; TOROIDAL ROTATION; BOOTSTRAP CURRENT AB Despite the importance of rotation in fusion plasmas, our present understanding of momentum transport is inadequate. The lack of understanding is in part related to the difficulty of performing accurate rotation measurements, especially for poloidal rotation. Recently, measurements of poloidal rotation for impurity ions (Z > 1) have been obtained in the core of DIII-D [J. L. Luxon, Nucl. Fusion 42, 6114 (2002)] plasmas using charge exchange recombination spectroscopy. The inferred poloidal rotation is based on careful consideration of the effective energy-dependent cross section and of the gyromotion of the ions. The rotation measurements are found to be consistent with the radial electric field determined independently from multiple impurity species as well as from motional Stark effect spectroscopic measurements. The poloidal rotation measurements have been compared with predictions based on the neoclassical theory of poloidal rotation from the code NCLASS [W. A. Houlberg , Phys. Plasmas 4, 3230 (1997)]. The comparison shows that the neoclassically predicted poloidal rotation is in general significantly smaller than the actual measurements. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Solomon, WM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM wsolomon@pppl.gov OI Baylor, Larry/0000-0002-0325-7771; Solomon, Wayne/0000-0002-0902-9876 NR 34 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 056116 DI 10.1063/1.2180728 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000110 ER PT J AU Steinhauer, L Guo, HY Hoffman, A Ishida, A Ryutov, D AF Steinhauer, L Guo, HY Hoffman, A Ishida, A Ryutov, D TI Modeling of field-reversed configuration experiment with large safety factor SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; CURRENT-DRIVE AB The Translation-Confinement-Sustainment facility has been operated in the "translation-formation" mode in which a plasma is ejected at high-speed from a theta-pinch-like source into a confinement chamber where it settles into a field-reversed-configuration state. Measurements of the poloidal and toroidal field have been the basis of modeling to infer the safety factor. It is found that the edge safety factor exceeds two, and that there is strong forward magnetic shear. The high-q arises because the large elongation compensates for the modest ratio of toroidal-to-poloidal field in the plasma. This is the first known instance of a very high-beta plasma with a safety factor greater than unity. Two-fluid modeling of the measurements also indicate several other significant features: a broad "transition layer" at the plasma boundary with probable line-tying effects, complex high-speed flows, and the appearance of a two-fluid minimum-energy state in the plasma core. All these features may contribute to both the stability and good confinement of the plasma. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Washington, Redmond Plasma Phys Lab, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. Niigata Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Environm Sci, Niigata 9502181, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Steinhauer, L (reprint author), Univ Washington, Redmond Plasma Phys Lab, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 056119 DI 10.1063/1.2177635 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000113 ER PT J AU Stoltz, PH Verboncoeur, JP Cohen, RH Molvik, AW Vay, JL Veitzer, SA AF Stoltz, PH Verboncoeur, JP Cohen, RH Molvik, AW Vay, JL Veitzer, SA TI Modeling ion-induced electrons in the High Current Experiment SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; SECONDARY ELECTRONS; ENERGY-LOSS; HEAVY-IONS; BOMBARDMENT; EMISSION; SPECTRA; FUSION; POWER; CODE AB A primary concern for high current ion accelerators is contaminant electrons. These electrons can interfere with the beam ions, causing emittance growth and beam loss. Numerical simulation is a main tool for understanding the interaction of the ion beam with the contaminant electrons, but these simulations then require accurate models of electron generation. These models include ion-induced electron emission from ions hitting the beam pipe walls or diagnostics. However, major codes for modeling ion beam transport are written in different programming languages and used on different computing platforms. For electron generation models to be maximally useful, researchers should be able to use them easily from many languages and platforms. A model of ion-induced electrons including the electron energy distribution is presented here, including a discussion of how to use the Babel software tool to make these models available in multiple languages and how to use the GNU Autotools to make them available on multiple platforms. An application to simulation of the end region of the High Current Experiment is shown. These simulations show formation of a virtual cathode with a potential energy well of amplitude 12.0 eV, approximately six times the most probable energy of the ion-induced electrons. Oscillations of the virtual cathode could lead to possible longitudinal and transverse modulation of the density of the electrons moving out of the virtual cathode. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept EECS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stoltz, PH (reprint author), Tech X Corp, 5621 Arapahoe Ave,Suite A, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 056702 DI 10.1063/1.2179027 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000144 ER PT J AU van Tilborg, J Schroeder, CB Filip, CV Toth, C Geddes, CGR Fubiani, G Esarey, E Leemans, WP AF van Tilborg, J. Schroeder, C. B. Filip, C. V. Toth, Cs. Geddes, C. G. R. Fubiani, G. Esarey, E. Leemans, W. P. TI Terahertz radiation as a bunch diagnostic for laser-wakefield-accelerated electron bunches SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID COHERENT TRANSITION RADIATION; WAVE BREAKING; PULSES; BEAMS; GENERATION; PROPAGATION; DISPERSION; SHAPE; ZNTE AB Experimental results are reported from two measurement techniques (semiconductor switching and electro-optic sampling) that allow temporal characterization of electron bunches produced by a laser-driven plasma-based accelerator. As femtosecond electron bunches exit the plasma-vacuum interface, coherent transition radiation (at THz frequencies) is emitted. Measuring the properties of this radiation allows characterization of the electron bunches. Theoretical work on the emission mechanism is presented, including a model that calculates the THz wave form from a given bunch profile. It is found that the spectrum of the THz pulse is coherent up to the 200 mu m thick crystal (ZnTe) detection limit of 4 THz, which corresponds to the production of sub-50 fs (rms) electron bunch structure. The measurements demonstrate both the shot-to-shot stability of bunch parameters that are critical to THz emission (such as total charge and bunch length), as well as femtosecond synchronization among bunch, THz pulse, and laser beam. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Paris 11, Orsay, France. RP van Tilborg, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166 NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 056704 DI 10.1063/1.2187957 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000146 ER PT J AU Williams, EA AF Williams, E. A. TI On the control of filamentation of intense laser beams propagating in underdense plasma SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID STIMULATED BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY; RANDOM-PHASE PLATE; HOT-SPOTS; PHYSICS BASIS; LIGHT; INSTABILITY; BACKSCATTER; ENERGETICS AB In indirect drive inertial confinement fusion ignition designs, the laser energy is delivered into the hohlraum through the laser entrance holes (LEHs), which are sized as small as practicable to minimize x-ray radiation losses. On the other hand, deleterious laser plasma processes, such as filamentation and stimulated backscatter, typically increase with laser intensity. Ideally, therefore, the laser spot shape should be a close fit to the LEH, with uniform (envelope) intensity in the spot and minimal energy at larger radii spilling onto the LEH material. This keeps the laser intensity as low as possible, consistent with the area of the LEH aperture and the power requirements of the design. This can be achieved (at least for apertures significantly larger than the laser's aberrated focal spot) by the use of custom-designed phase plates. However, outfitting the 192-beam National Ignition Facility [J. A. Paisner, E. M. Campbell, and W. J. Hogan, Fusion Tech. 26, 755 1994] laser with multiple sets of phase plates optimized for a variety of different LEH aperture sizes is an expensive proposition. It is thus important to assess the impact on laser-plasma interaction processes of using phase plates with a smaller than optimum focal spot (or even no phase plates at all!) and then defocusing the beam to expand it to fill the LEH and lower its intensity. Significant effects are found from changes in the characteristic sizes of the laser speckle, from the lack of uniformity of the laser envelope out of the focal plane and on the efficacy of additional polarization smoothing and/or smoothing by spectral dispersion (SSD). These effects are quantified with analytic estimates and simulations using PF3D, our laser-plasma interaction code. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Williams, EA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 44 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 056310 DI 10.1063/1.2179051 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000127 ER PT J AU Yamada, M Ren, Y Ji, H Breslau, J Gerhardt, S Kulsrud, R Kuritsyn, A AF Yamada, M Ren, Y Ji, H Breslau, J Gerhardt, S Kulsrud, R Kuritsyn, A TI Experimental study of two-fluid effects on magnetic reconnection in a laboratory plasma with variable collisionality SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE SIMULATION; CURRENT SHEET; SOLAR CORONA; FIELD; REGION; ACCELERATION; MAGNETOPAUSE; DISSIPATION; RESISTIVITY; TRANSITION AB This article describes the recent findings on two-fluid effects on magnetic reconnection in plasmas with variable collisionality in the magnetic reconnection experiment (MRX) [M. Yamada , Phys. Plasmas 4, 1936 (1997)]. The MRX device has been upgraded to accommodate a variety of reconnection operation modes and high energy density experiments by increasing its capacitor bank energy and extending the discharge duration. As our experimental operation regime has moved from the collisional to the collision-free, two-fluid effects have become more evident. It is observed that the two-dimensional profile of the neutral sheet is changed significantly from the rectangular shape of the familiar Sweet-Parker type to a double wedge shape as the collisionality is reduced and the reconnection rate increases. The recent evolution of our experimental research from the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) to the two-fluid analysis is presented to illuminate the physics of Hall MHD in a collision-free reconnection layer. In particular, a clear experimental verification of an out-of-plane quadrupole field, a characteristic signature of the Hall MHD, has been made in the MRX neutral sheet, where the sheet width is comparable to the ion skin depth. It is important to note that the Hall effect, which occurs due to two-dimensional laminar flows of electrons in the reconnection plane, is observed together with the presence of low and high frequency magnetic turbulence, which often has three-dimensional structures. These observations in MRX have striking similarities to the recent magnetospheric measurements of reconnection region, in which the quadrupole component has been detected together with magnetic fluctuations. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Ctr Magnet Self Org Lab & Astrophys Plasmas, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Yamada, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Ctr Magnet Self Org Lab & Astrophys Plasmas, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Yamada, Masaaki/D-7824-2015 OI Yamada, Masaaki/0000-0003-4996-1649 NR 59 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 052119 DI 10.1063/1.2203950 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000020 ER PT J AU Zweben, SJ Maqueda, RJ Terry, JL Munsat, T Myra, JR D'Ippolito, D Russell, DA Krommes, JA LeBlanc, B Stoltzfus-Dueck, T Stotler, DP Williams, KM Bush, CE Maingi, R Grulke, O Sabbagh, SA White, AE AF Zweben, S. J. Maqueda, R. J. Terry, J. L. Munsat, T. Myra, J. R. D'Ippolito, D. Russell, D. A. Krommes, J. A. LeBlanc, B. Stoltzfus-Dueck, T. Stotler, D. P. Williams, K. M. Bush, C. E. Maingi, R. Grulke, O. Sabbagh, S. A. White, A. E. TI Structure and motion of edge turbulence in the national spherical torus experiment and alcator C-mod SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID L-H TRANSITION; DIII-D TOKAMAK; PLASMA BOUNDARY; VELOCITY-SHEAR; TRANSPORT; CONFINEMENT; REGION; FLOWS; NSTX; SIMULATION AB In this paper we compare the structure and motion of edge turbulence observed in L-mode vs. H-mode plasmas in the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) [M. Ono, M. G. Bell, R. E. Bell , Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 45, A335 (2003)]. The radial and poloidal correlation lengths are not significantly different between the L-mode and the H-mode in the cases examined. The poloidal velocity fluctuations are lower and the radial profiles of the poloidal turbulence velocity are somewhat flatter in the H-mode compared with the L-mode plasmas. These results are compared with similar measurements Alcator C-Mod [E. Marmar, B. Bai, R. L. Boivin , Nucl. Fusion 43, 1610 (2003)], and with theoretical models. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Nova Photon, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Lodestar Res, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EURATOM, MPI Plasma Phys, Greifswald, Germany. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Zweben, SJ (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; White, Anne/B-8990-2011; Stotler, Daren/J-9494-2015 OI Stotler, Daren/0000-0001-5521-8718 NR 29 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 AR 056114 DI 10.1063/1.2177132 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 048JI UT WOS:000237943000108 ER EF