FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Jaffe, JE AF Jaffe, JE TI Computational study of Ge and Sn doping of CdTe SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; METALS; TRANSITION; CRYSTALS AB The formation and ionization energies of substitutional Ge and Sn dopants in CdTe are calculated in a supercell model within the local-density approximation to density-functional theory. Doping on both the Cd and Te sublattices is considered, but the formation energy of both defects is predicted to be much lower on the Cd site under most growth conditions. The Ge and Sn on the Cd sites are predicted to be deep donors and hole traps with defect ionization levels near the midgap, with Ge slightly lower than Sn, in good agreement with experiments. The Ge and Sn on the Te sites are predicted to be shallow acceptors.(c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jaffe, JE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Fundamental Sci Directorate, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM john.jaffe@pnl.gov NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 3 AR 033704 DI 10.1063/1.2168237 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 012LP UT WOS:000235341000035 ER PT J AU Ming, LC Zinin, P Meng, Y Liu, XR Hong, SM Xie, Y AF Ming, LC Zinin, P Meng, Y Liu, XR Hong, SM Xie, Y TI A cubic phase of C3N4 synthesized in the diamond-anvil cell SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; CARBON NITRIDE; IDENTIFICATION; DIFFRACTION; STABILITY; SOLIDS; NACL AB A cubic phase of C3N4 was discovered. It was recovered at ambient conditions from the graphite-like C3N4 (g-C3N4) phase subjected to pressures between 21 and 38 GPa in a diamond-anvil cell, laser heated to temperatures between 1600 and 3000 K. The x-ray-diffraction data of the phase are best explained by a cubic unit cell with the lattice parameters a=3.878 +/- 0.001 A. With an assumption of 1 molecule/unit cell (Z=1) for the cubic phase, the molar volume of the cubic phase is 35.126 cm(3)/mol and the density is 2.62 g/cm(3). The density of the cubic phase is less than that which was predicted for the high-pressure phases but is 12% denser than the low-pressure graphitic phase (rho=2.336 g/cm(3)). The cubic phase has not been predicted theoretically and represents an unknown structure in C3N4. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, APS, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. SW Jiaotong Univ, Lab High Pressure Phys, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China. Univ Sci & Technol China, Struct Res Lab, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Chem, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. RP Ming, LC (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM ming@soest.hawaii.edu RI Zinin, Pavel/F-9434-2014 OI Zinin, Pavel/0000-0002-5816-8792 NR 23 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 3 AR 033520 DI 10.1063/1.2168567 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 012LP UT WOS:000235341000029 ER PT J AU Nanda, J Ivanov, SA Htoon, H Bezel, I Piryatinski, A Tretiak, S Klimov, VI AF Nanda, J Ivanov, SA Htoon, H Bezel, I Piryatinski, A Tretiak, S Klimov, VI TI Absorption cross sections and Auger recombination lifetimes in inverted core-shell nanocrystals: Implications for lasing performance SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; CORE/SHELL NANOCRYSTALS; OPTICAL GAIN; STIMULATED-EMISSION; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; POLYMER; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; TEMPERATURE; RELAXATION AB We study inverted core-shell nanocrystals (NCs), in which a core of a wide-gap semiconductor (ZnSe) is overcoated with a shell of a narrower gap material (CdSe). Depending on the core radius and the shell thickness, these NCs can exhibit either type-I or type-II behavior. We show that these heterostructures can be used to significantly increase the absorption cross sections and simultaneously decrease the efficiency of Auger recombination compared to monocomponent CdSe NCs emitting at the same wavelength. These properties enhance the lasing performance of inverted core-shell structures and allow, in particular, efficient amplified spontaneous emission in the range of blue colors. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Klimov, VI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM klimov@lanl.gov RI Piryatinski, Andrei/B-5543-2009; Ivanov, Sergei/B-5505-2011; Tretiak, Sergei/B-5556-2009; OI Tretiak, Sergei/0000-0001-5547-3647; Klimov, Victor/0000-0003-1158-3179; Htoon, Han/0000-0003-3696-2896 NR 37 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 5 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 3 AR 034309 DI 10.1063/1.2168032 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 012LP UT WOS:000235341000068 ER PT J AU Raitses, Y Staack, D Dunaevsky, A Fisch, NJ AF Raitses, Y Staack, D Dunaevsky, A Fisch, NJ TI Operation of a segmented Hall thruster with low-sputtering carbon-velvet electrodes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA THRUSTERS AB Carbon fiber velvet material provides exceptional sputtering resistance properties exceeding those for graphite and carbon composite materials. A 2 kW Hall thruster with segmented electrodes made of this material was operated in the discharge voltage range of 200-700 V. The arcing between the floating velvet electrodes and the plasma was visually observed, especially, during the initial conditioning time, which lasted for about 1 h. The comparison of voltage versus current and plume characteristics of the Hall thruster with and without segmented electrodes indicates that the magnetic insulation of the segmented thruster improves with the discharge voltage at a fixed magnetic field. The observations reported here also extend the regimes wherein the segmented Hall thruster can have a narrower plume than that of the conventional nonsegmented thruster. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Raitses, Y (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM yraitses@pppl.gov RI Staack, David/A-5430-2010 NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 3 AR 036103 DI 10.1063/1.2168023 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 012LP UT WOS:000235341000091 ER PT J AU Risner, JD Sinclair, R Bentley, J AF Risner, JD Sinclair, R Bentley, J TI Observation of the effect of grain orientation on chromium segregation in longitudinal magnetic media SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM MEDIA; RECORDING MEDIA; MICROSTRUCTURAL FEATURES; TWINNING DISLOCATIONS; HCP METALS; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; BOUNDARIES; SIMULATION; ENERGY; COCRTA AB The nanoscale grain size of current hard disk media demands high-resolution methods for characterization. Therefore, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-filtered TEM (EFTEM) imaging, and nanoprobe energy-dispersive spectroscopy were chosen for the examination of Co84-x-yCr16PtxTay longitudinal hard disk media samples. Experiments were conducted to elucidate the relationship between nanoscale variations in grain-boundary composition and the atomic structure of the grain boundaries. Results show that Cr enriches the grain boundaries of the magnetic layer in all examined cases, but the addition of Ta greatly enhances this enrichment at some boundaries. Nanoprobe and EFTEM results show that enrichment varies according to the grain-boundary orientation of the hcp cobalt alloy crystals. Grains with tilt-boundary orientations near 0 degrees, 30 degrees, and 60 degrees, found by measuring the angle between adjacent c-axis directions, show the least amount of segregation. Grains with tilt-boundary orientations near 15 degrees, 45 degrees and 75 degrees show maximum amounts of Cr segregation. This trend exists in both CoCrTa and CoCrTaPt samples, and efforts to interpret the results within the context of hcp coincident site lattice theory are described. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Risner, JD (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jrisner@stanford.edu NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 3 AR 033905 DI 10.1063/1.2169873 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 012LP UT WOS:000235341000048 ER PT J AU Toney, MF Marinero, EE Hedstrom, JA AF Toney, MF Marinero, EE Hedstrom, JA TI Microstructural origin of orientation ratio in magnetic recording media SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM MEDIA; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; LONGITUDINAL MEDIA; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ORIENTATION; ANISOTROPY; SUBSTRATE; STRESS AB We report x-ray-diffraction measurements of the microstructural origin of circumferential magnetic anisotropy [or orientation ratio (OR), the ratio of the remanent magnetization along the circumferential and radial directions] in textured magnetic recording disks. We study a series of CoPtCrB magnetic media with CrX underlayers with varying OR and quantify the anisotropic strain in the CrX underlayer and the c-axis alignment in the hexagonal-close-packed media. Our data show that the c-axis alignment results from the anisotropic strain in the underlayer and suggest that the OR comes predominately from the media c-axis alignment. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Hitachi Global Storage Technol, San Jose Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. RP Toney, MF (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mftoney@slac.stanford.edu NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 3 AR 033907 DI 10.1063/1.2169880 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 012LP UT WOS:000235341000050 ER PT J AU Ziaja, B London, RA Hajdu, J AF Ziaja, B London, RA Hajdu, J TI Ionization by impact electrons in solids: Electron mean free path fitted over a wide energy range SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR RADIATION DETECTORS; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; X-RAY; ELEMENTAL SOLIDS; TRANSPORT PROPERTIES; PREDICTIVE EQUATION; EXCITED ELECTRONS; PHONON EMISSION; BAND-STRUCTURE; MODEL AB We propose a simple formula for fitting the electron ionization mean free paths in solids both at high and at low electron energies. The free-electron-gas approximation used for predicting electron mean free paths is no longer valid at low impact energies [(E-E-F)< 50 eV], as the band structure effects become significant at those energies. Therefore, we include the results of band structure calculations in our fit. Finally, we apply the fit to nine elements and two compounds. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. DESY, HASYLAB, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. Inst Nucl Phys, Dept Theoret Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Uppsala Univ, ICM Mol Biophys, Biomed Ctr, S-75123 Uppsala, Sweden. RP London, RA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM ziaja@mail.desy.de; rlondon@llnl.gov; hajdu@xray.bmc.uu.se NR 55 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 3 AR 033514 DI 10.1063/1.2161821 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 012LP UT WOS:000235341000023 ER PT J AU Qiu, XY Daly, MJ Vasilenko, A Omelchenko, MV Gaidamakova, EK Wu, LY Zhou, JZ Sundin, GW Tiedje, JM AF Qiu, XY Daly, MJ Vasilenko, A Omelchenko, MV Gaidamakova, EK Wu, LY Zhou, JZ Sundin, GW Tiedje, JM TI Transcriptome analysis applied to survival of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 exposed to ionizing radiation SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEINOCOCCUS-RADIODURANS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GENOME SEQUENCE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; FREE-RADICALS; DNA-DAMAGE; THIOREDOXIN; INVITRO; PROTEIN AB The ionizing radiation (IR) dose that yields 20% survival (D-20) of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 is lower by factors of 20 and 200 than those for Escherichia coli and Deinococcus radiodurans, respectively. Transcriptome analysis was used to identify the genes of MR-1 responding to 40 Gy (D-20). We observed the induction of 170 genes and repression of 87 genes in MR-1 during a 1-h recovery period after irradiation. The genomic response of MR-I to IR is very similar to its response to UV radiation (254 nm), which included induction of systems involved in DNA repair and prophage synthesis and the absence of differential regulation of tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, which occurs in IR-irradiated D. radiodurans. Furthermore, strong induction of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes in MR-1 was observed. DNA damage may not be the principal cause of high sensitivity to IR, considering that MR-1 carries genes encoding a complex set of DNA repair systems and 40 Gy IR induces less than one double-strand break in its genome. Instead, a combination of oxidative stress, protein damage, and prophage-mediated cell lysis during irradiation and recovery might underlie this organism's great sensitivity to IR. C1 Michigan State Univ, Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Expt Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Tiedje, JM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Ctr Microbial Ecol, PSSB 540, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM tiedjej@msu.edu NR 29 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 188 IS 3 BP 1199 EP 1204 DI 10.1128/JB.188.3.1199-1204.2006 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 005RF UT WOS:000234840800045 PM 16428429 ER PT J AU Beller, HR Chain, PSG Letain, TE Chakicherla, A Larimer, FW Richardson, PM Coleman, MA Wood, AP Kelly, DP AF Beller, HR Chain, PSG Letain, TE Chakicherla, A Larimer, FW Richardson, PM Coleman, MA Wood, AP Kelly, DP TI The genome sequence of the obligately chemolithoautotrophic, facultatively anaerobic bacterium Thiobacillus denitfificans SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARACOCCUS-PANTOTROPHUS GB17; THIOSULFATE-OXIDIZING BACTERIA; SIROHEME SULFITE REDUCTASE; INORGANIC SULFUR-COMPOUNDS; INTRACELLULAR POLYGLUCOSE; NITROSOMONAS-EUROPAEA; FLAVOPROTEIN SOXF; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENE-CLUSTER; DENITRIFICANS AB The complete genome sequence of Thiobacillus denitrificans ATCC 25259 is the first to become available for an obligately chemolithoautotrophic, sulfur-compound-oxidizing, beta-proteobacterium. Analysis of the 2,909,809-bp genome will facilitate our molecular and biochemical understanding of the unusual metabolic repertoire of this bacterium, including its ability to couple denitrification to sulfur-compound oxidation, to catalyze anaerobic, nitrate-dependent oxidation of Fe(H) and U(IV), and to oxidize mineral electron donors. Notable genomic features include (I) genes encoding c-type cytochromes totaling 1 to 2 percent of the genome, which is a proportion greater than for almost all bacterial and archaeal species sequenced to date, (ii) genes encoding two [NiFe]hydrogenases, which is particularly significant because no information on hydrogenases has previously been reported for T. denitrificans and hydrogen oxidation appears to be critical for anaerobic U(M oxidation by this species, (iii) a diverse complement of more than 50 genes associated with sulfur-compound oxidation (including sox genes, dsr genes, and genes associated with the AMP-dependent oxidation of sulfite to sulfate), some of which occur in multiple (up to eight) copies, (iv) a relatively large number of genes associated with inorganic ion transport and heavy metal resistance, and (v) a paucity of genes encoding organic-compound transporters, commensurate with obligate chemolithoautotrophy. Ultimately, the genome sequence of T. denitrificans will enable elucidation of the mechanisms of aerobic and anaerobic sulfur-compound oxidation by beta-proteobacteria and will help reveal the molecular basis of this organism's role in major biogeochemical cycles (i.e., those involving sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon) and groundwater restoration. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Joint Genome Inst, US DOE, Prod Genom Facil, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Kings Coll London, Dept Microbiol, London SE1 9RT, England. Univ Warwick, Dept Biol Sci, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Beller, HR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-542, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM beller2@llnl.gov RI chain, patrick/B-9777-2013; Beller, Harry/H-6973-2014; OI Coleman, Matthew/0000-0003-1389-4018 NR 94 TC 157 Z9 555 U1 8 U2 80 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 EI 1098-5530 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 188 IS 4 BP 1473 EP 1488 DI 10.1128/JB.188.4.1473-1488.2006 PG 16 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 013KJ UT WOS:000235407900031 PM 16452431 ER PT J AU Leaphart, AB Thompson, DK Huang, K Alm, E Wan, XF Arkin, A Brown, SD Wu, LY Yan, TF Liu, XD Wickham, GS Zhou, JZ AF Leaphart, AB Thompson, DK Huang, K Alm, E Wan, XF Arkin, A Brown, SD Wu, LY Yan, TF Liu, XD Wickham, GS Zhou, JZ TI Transcriptome profiling of Shewanella oneidensis gene expression following exposure to acidic and alkaline pH SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; TOLERANCE RESPONSE; PUTREFACIENS MR-1; BIOFILM FORMATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; REDUCTION; GROWTH; PROTEINS; INVOLVEMENT AB The molecular response of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 to variations in extracellular pH was investigated based on genomewide gene expression profiling. Microarray analysis revealed that cells elicited both general and specific transcriptome responses when challenged with environmental acid (pH 4) or base (pH 10) conditions over a 60-min period. Global responses included the differential expression of genes functionally linked to amino acid metabolism, transcriptional regulation and signal transduction, transport, cell membrane structure, and oxidative stress protection. Response to acid stress included the elevated expression of genes encoding glycogen biosynthetic enzymes, phosphate transporters, and the RNA polymerase sigma-38 factor (rpoS), whereas the molecular response to alkaline pH was characterized by upregulation of nhaA and nhaR, which are predicted to encode an Na(+)/H(+) antiporter and transcriptional activator, respectively, as well as sulfate transport and sulfur metabolism genes. Collectively, these results suggest that S. oneidensis modulates multiple transporters, cell envelope components, and pathways of amino acid consumption and central intermediary metabolism as part of its transcriptome response to changing external pH conditions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Virtual Inst Microbial Stress & Survival, Berkeley, CA USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Microbiol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Thompson, DK (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 1-118 Lilly Hall Life Sci,915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM dthomps@purdue.edu RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008; Brown, Steven/A-6792-2011 OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931; Brown, Steven/0000-0002-9281-3898 NR 44 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 188 IS 4 BP 1633 EP 1642 DI 10.1128/JB.188.4.1633-1642.2006 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 013KJ UT WOS:000235407900048 PM 16452448 ER PT J AU Shultz, TR Blaha, JD Gruen, TA Norman, TL AF Shultz, TR Blaha, JD Gruen, TA Norman, TL TI Cortical bone viscoelasticity and fixation strength of press-fit femoral stems: A finite element model SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE press-fit femoral stems; cementless stem fixation; cortical bone viscoelasticity; FEA ID TOTAL HIP-ARTHROPLASTY; CANCELLOUS BONE; INTERFACE; IMPLANTS; FRACTURES; STABILITY; COMPONENT; MOVEMENT; FRICTION; INGROWTH AB Many cementless implant designs rely upon a diaphyseal press-fit in conjunction with a porous coated implant surface to achieve primary or short term fixation, thereby constraining inteface micromotion to such a level that bone ingrowth and consequent secondary or long-term fixation, i.e., osseointegration, can occur Bone viscoelasticity, however has been found to affect stem primary stability; by reducing push-out load. In this investigation, an axisymmetric finite element model of a cylindrical stem and diaphyseal cortical bone section was created in order to parametrically evaluate the effect of bone viscoelasticity on stem push-out while controlling coefficient of friction (mu=0.15, 0.40, and 1.00) and stem-bone diametral inteiference (delta=0.01. 0.05, 0.10, and 0.50 mill). Based on results from a previous study, it was hypothesized that stem-bone inteiference (i.e., prcss-fit) would elicit a bone viscoelastic response which would reduce the initial fixation of the stem as measured by push-out load. Results indicate that for all examined combinations of /j, and 15, bone viscoelastic behavior reduced the push-out load by a range of 2.6-82.6% due to stress relaxation of the bone. It was found that the push-out load increased with mu for each value of delta, but minimal increases in the push-out load (2.9-4.9%) were observed as delta was increased beyond 0.10 turn. Within the range of variables reported for this study. it was concluded that bone viscoelastic behaviot; namely stress relaxation, has an asymptotic affect on stem contact pressure, which reduces stem push-out load. It was also found that higher levels of coefficient of friction are beneficial to primary fixation, and that an inteiference "threshold" exists beyond which no additional gains it) push-out load are achieved. C1 Cedarville Univ, Dept Engn, Cedarville, OH 45314 USA. Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Orthoped, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Zonal Concepts, Wesley Chapel, FL 33543 USA. RP Norman, TL (reprint author), Cedarville Univ, Dept Engn, 251 N Main St, Cedarville, OH 45314 USA. EM tnorman@cedarville.edu NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0148-0731 J9 J BIOMECH ENG-T ASME JI J. Biomech. Eng.-Trans. ASME PD FEB PY 2006 VL 128 IS 1 BP 7 EP 12 DI 10.1115/1.2133765 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 011JP UT WOS:000235264700002 PM 16532611 ER PT J AU Stockman, HW AF Stockman, HW TI Effect of anatomical fine structure on the flow of cerebrospinal fluid in the spinal subarachnoid space SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID LATTICE-BOLTZMANN; MOTION; MODELS AB The lattice Boltzmann method is used to model oscillatory flow in the spinal subarachnoid space. The effect of obstacles such as trabeculae, nerve bundles, and ligaments oil fluid velocity profiles appears to be small, when the flow is averaged over the length of a vertebra. Averaged fluid flow in complex models is little different from flow in corresponding elliptical annular cavities. However, the obstacles stir the flow locally and may be more significant in. studies of tracer dispersion. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 6118, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Stockman, HW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 6118, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 21 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0148-0731 J9 J BIOMECH ENG-T ASME JI J. Biomech. Eng.-Trans. ASME PD FEB PY 2006 VL 128 IS 1 BP 106 EP 114 DI 10.1115/1.2132372 PG 9 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 011JP UT WOS:000235264700014 PM 16532623 ER PT J AU Messer, RLW Mickalonis, J Adams, Y Tseng, WY AF Messer, RLW Mickalonis, J Adams, Y Tseng, WY TI Corrosion rates of stainless steel under shear stress measured by a novel parallel-plate flow chamber SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE corrosion; stress; stainless steel; vascular stents; stents ID IN-STENT RESTENOSIS; ELECTROCHEMICAL CORROSION; METALLIC CORROSION; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; IMPLANT ALLOYS; BEHAVIOR; NICKEL; SALINE; SERUM; BIOMATERIALS AB A unique parallel-plate flow chamber has been engineered to assess the corrosion properties of implant materials in biological environments under shear flow. This parallel-plate How chamber provides a novel approach to investigate hypotheses regarding cellular-material-mechanical-force interactions that influence the success or failure of implant devices. The results of the current study demonstrated that physiological stresses (0.5-50 dynes/cm(2)) from laminar flow from cell culture media did not significantly alter corrosion rates of stainless steel, providing baseline information for an extensive study of the cellular-material-mechanical-force interactions. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that this device is electrochemically stable and provides reproducible results within test parameters. In addition, the results were not significantly different from corrosion tests on bulk samples. Therefore, this system will be useful for investigating cell-material interactions tinder shear stress for implant alloys or other opaque materials. This information is currently lacking. The results of the present study also support further development of this test system to assess cellular responses to these materials under shear stresses. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Med Coll Georgia, Dept Oral Biol & Maxillofacial Pathol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. RP Messer, RLW (reprint author), Med Coll Georgia, Dept Oral Biol & Maxillofacial Pathol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. EM rmesser@mail.meg.edu NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4973 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES B JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B PD FEB PY 2006 VL 76B IS 2 BP 273 EP 280 DI 10.1002/jbm.b.30367 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 005OW UT WOS:000234834700005 PM 16080202 ER PT J AU Ghan, SJ Shippert, T Fox, J AF Ghan, SJ Shippert, T Fox, J TI Physically based global downscaling: Regional evaluation SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE MODEL-DRIVEN; OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION; COMPLEX TERRAIN; SIMULATIONS; SENSITIVITY; RESOLUTION; INTERPOLATION; FLOWS; GCM AB The climate simulated by a global atmosphere-land model with a physically based subgrid orography scheme is evaluated in 10 selected regions. Climate variables simulated for each of multiple elevation classes within each grid cell are mapped according to a high-resolution distribution of surface elevation in each region. Comparison of the simulated annual mean climate with gridded observations leads to the following conclusions. At low to moderate elevations the downscaling scheme correctly simulates increasing precipitation, decreasing temperature, and increasing snow with increasing elevation across distances smaller than 100 km. At high elevations the downscaling scheme correctly simulates decreasing precipitation with increasing elevation. The rain shadow of many mountain ranges is poorly resolved, with too little precipitation simulated on the windward side of mountain ranges and too much on the lee side. The simulated sensitivity of surface air temperature to surface elevation is too strong, particularly in valleys influenced by drainage circulations. Observations show little evidence of a "snow shadow," so the neglect of the subgrid rain shadow does not produce an unrealistic simulation of the snow distribution. Summertime snow area, which is a proxy for land ice, is much larger than observed, mostly because of excessive snowfall but in some places because of a cold bias. Summertime snow water equivalent is far less than the observed thickness of glaciers because a 1-m upper bound on snow water is applied to the simulations and because snow transport by slides is neglected. The 1-m upper bound on snow water equivalent also causes an underestimate of seasonal snow Water during late winter, compared with gridded station measurements. Potential solutions to these problems are discussed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Ghan, SJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM steve.ghan@pnl.gov RI Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011 OI Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699 NR 39 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 19 IS 3 BP 429 EP 445 DI 10.1175/JCLI3622.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 020QQ UT WOS:000235925400009 ER PT J AU Yoon, SS Coakley, R Lau, GW Lymar, SV Gaston, B Karabulut, AC Hennigan, RF Hwang, SH Buettner, G Schurr, MJ Mortensen, JE Burns, JL Speert, D Boucher, RC Hassett, DJ AF Yoon, SS Coakley, R Lau, GW Lymar, SV Gaston, B Karabulut, AC Hennigan, RF Hwang, SH Buettner, G Schurr, MJ Mortensen, JE Burns, JL Speert, D Boucher, RC Hassett, DJ TI Anaerobic killing of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa by acidified nitrite derivatives under cystic fibrosis airway conditions SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY; ALGINATE PRODUCTION; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; LUNG-DISEASE; OXIDE; MECHANISM; PATHOGENESIS; INFECTION; PEROXYNITRITE AB Mucoid, mucA mutant Pseudomonas aeruginosa cause chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and are refractory to phagocytosis and antibiotics. Here we show that mucoid bacteria perish during anaerobic exposure to 15 mM nitrite (NO2-) at pH 6.5, which mimics CF airway mucus. Killing required a pH lower than 7, implicating formation of nitrous acid (HNO2) and NO, that adds NO equivalents to cellular molecules. Eighty-seven percent of CF isolates possessed mucA mutations and were killed by HNO2 (3-log reduction in 4 days). Furthermore, antibiotic-resistant strains determined were also equally sensitive to HNO2. More importantly, HNO2 killed mucoid bacteria (a) in anaerobic biofilms; (b) in vitro in ultrasupernatants of airway secretions derived from explanted CF patient lungs; and (c) in mouse lungs in vivo in a pH-dependent fashion, with no organisms remaining after daily exposure to HNO2 for 16 days. HNO2 at these levels of acidity and NO2- also had no adverse effects on cultured human airway epithelia in vitro. In summary, selective killing by HNO2 may provide novel insights into the important clinical goal of eradicating mucoid P. aeruginosa from the CF airways. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Mol Genet Biochem & Microbiol, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Univ N Carolina, Cyst Fibrosis Pulm Res & Treatment Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pulm Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Cell Biol, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Dept Pediat Crit Care, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Biol Chem, New York, NY USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Microbiol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat Pathol & Lab Med, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Infect Dis Sect, Seattle, WA USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Pediat, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada. RP Hassett, DJ (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Mol Genet Biochem & Microbiol, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM Daniel.Hassett@uc.edu OI Buettner, Garry/0000-0002-5594-1903 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-40541, R01 AI050812-04]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-69845, R01 GM069845] NR 56 TC 124 Z9 128 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC PI ANN ARBOR PA 35 RESEARCH DR, STE 300, ANN ARBOR, MI 48103 USA SN 0021-9738 J9 J CLIN INVEST JI J. Clin. Invest. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 116 IS 2 BP 436 EP 446 DI 10.1172/JCI24684 PG 11 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 008MA UT WOS:000235043600020 PM 16440061 ER PT J AU Schaldach, CM Bourcier, WL Shaw, HF Viani, BE Wilson, WD AF Schaldach, CM Bourcier, WL Shaw, HF Viani, BE Wilson, WD TI The influence of ionic strength on the interaction of viruses with charged surfaces under environmental conditions SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bacteriophage; MS2; Qbeta; Norwalk; virus model; zeta potential; surface interaction ID SAND COLUMNS; QUARTZ SAND; TRANSPORT; BACTERIOPHAGE-MS2; FILTRATION; PARTICLES; PROTEIN; RNA; RETENTION; CAPSIDS AB The influence of ionic strength on the electrostatic interaction of viruses with environmentally relevant surfaces was determined for three viruses, MS2, Q beta and Norwalk. The virus is modeled as a particle comprised of ionizable amino acid residues in a shell surrounding a spherical RNA core of negative charge, these charges being compensated for by a Coulomb screening due to intercalated ions. A second model of the virus involving surface charges only is included for comparison. Surface potential calculations for each of the viruses show excellent agreement with electrophoretic mobility and zeta potential measurements as a function of pH. The environmental surface is modeled as a homogeneous plane held at constant potential with and without a finite region (patch) of opposite potential. The results indicate that the electrostatic interaction between the virus and the oppositely charged patch is significantly influenced by the conditions of ionic strength, pH and size of the patch. Specifically, at pH 7, the Norwalk virus interacts more strongly with the patch than MS2 (similar to 51 vs similar to 9kT) but at pH 5, the Norwalk-surface interaction is negligible while that of MS2 is similar to 5.9kT. The resulting ramifications for the use of MS2 as a surrogate for Norwalk are discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wilson, WD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM wdwils@llnl.gov RI Shaw, Henry/B-6445-2012 OI Shaw, Henry/0000-0003-0681-5430 NR 36 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 294 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.06.082 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 992DB UT WOS:000233863500001 PM 16083898 ER PT J AU Luo, J Cirpka, OA Fienen, MN Wu, WM Mehlhorn, TL Carley, J Jardine, PM Criddle, CS Kitanidis, PK AF Luo, J Cirpka, OA Fienen, MN Wu, WM Mehlhorn, TL Carley, J Jardine, PM Criddle, CS Kitanidis, PK TI A parametric transfer function methodology for analyzing reactive transport in nonuniform flow SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE transfer function; gamma distribution; nonuniform flow; inter-well system; reactive transport ID STOCHASTIC-CONVECTIVE TRANSPORT; TRANSFER-FUNCTION MODEL; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; LONGITUDINAL DISPERSIVITY; NONLINEAR REACTION; POROUS-MEDIA; TRACER TESTS; SYSTEMS; TIME; DEGRADATION AB We analyze reactive transport during in-situ bioremediation in a nonuniform flow field, involving multiple extraction and injection wells, by the method of transfer functions. Gamma distributions are used as parametric models of the transfer functions. Apparent parameters of classical transport models may be estimated from those of the gamma distributions by matching temporal moments. We demonstrate the method by application to measured data taken at a field experiment on bioremediation conducted in a multiple-well system in Oak Ridge, TN. Breakthrough curves (BTCs) of a conservative tracer (bromide) and a reactive compound (ethanol) are measured at multi-level sampling (MLS) wells and in extraction wells. The BTCs of both compounds are jointly analyzed to estimate the first-order degradation rate of ethanol. To quantify the tracer loss, we compare the approaches of using a scaling factor and a first-order decay term. Results show that by including a scaling factor both gamma distributions and inverse-Gaussian distributions (transfer functions according to the advection-dispersion equation) are suitable to approximate the transfer functions and estimate the reactive rate coefficients for both MLS and extraction wells. However, using a first-order decay term for tracer loss fails to describe the BTCs at the extraction well, which is affected by the nonuniform distribution of travel paths. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EAWAG, Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Luo, J (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jianluo@stanford.edu RI Fienen, Michael/D-2479-2009; Cirpka, Olaf/C-7178-2008 OI Fienen, Michael/0000-0002-7756-4651; Cirpka, Olaf/0000-0003-3509-4118 NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 83 IS 1-2 BP 27 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2005.11.001 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 004VZ UT WOS:000234782000002 PM 16337023 ER PT J AU McAllister, L AF McAllister, L TI An inflation mass problem in string inflation from threshold corrections to volume stabilization SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE string theory and cosmology; inflation ID SUPERGRAVITY; COUPLINGS; TERMS AB Inflationary models whose vacuum energy arises from a D-term are believed not to suffer from the supergravity eta problem of F-term inflation. That is, D-term models have the desirable property that the inflaton mass can naturally remain much smaller than the Hubble scale. We observe that this advantage is lost in models based on string compactifications whose volume is stabilized by a non-perturbative superpotential: the F-term energy associated with volume stabilization causes the eta problem to reappear. Moreover, any shift symmetries introduced to protect the inflaton mass will typically be lifted by threshold corrections to the volume-stabilizing superpotential. Using threshold corrections computed by Berg, Haack, and Kors, we illustrate this point in the example of the D3 - D7 inflationary model, and conclude that inflation is possible, but only for fine-tuned values of the stabilized moduli. More generally, we conclude that inflationary models in stable string compacti. cations, even D-term models with shift symmetries, will require a certain amount of fine-tuning to avoid this new contribution to the eta problem. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM lpm@itp.stanford.edu NR 65 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD FEB PY 2006 IS 2 AR 010 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2006/02/010 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 017OQ UT WOS:000235703300006 ER PT J AU Baer, DR AF Baer, DR TI Special issue - Science and Spectroscopy of environmentally important interfaces - Editors foreward SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Baer, DR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,MSIN K8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM don.baer@pnl.gov RI Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013 OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 150 IS 2-3 BP 63 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2005.09.003 PG 1 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 996RF UT WOS:000234191300001 ER PT J AU Fryberger, T Stevens, WJ AF Fryberger, T Stevens, WJ TI Science and spectroscopy of environmentally important interfaces - Preface SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Execut Off President, Environm Off Sci Technol Policy, Washington, DC 20502 USA. US DOE, Off Sci, Div Chem Sci Geosci & Biosci, Off Basic Energy Sci, Washington, DC 20502 USA. RP Fryberger, T (reprint author), Execut Off President, Environm Off Sci Technol Policy, Washington, DC 20502 USA. EM tfryberg@ostp.eop.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 150 IS 2-3 BP 64 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2005.09.006 PG 2 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 996RF UT WOS:000234191300002 ER PT J AU Bluhm, H Andersson, K Araki, T Benzerara, K Brown, GE Dynes, JJ Ghosal, S Gilles, MK Hansen, HC Hemminger, JC Hitchcock, AP Ketteler, G Kilcoyne, ALD Kneedler, E Lawrence, JR Leppard, GG Majzlan, J Mun, BS Myneni, SCB Nilsson, A Ogasawara, H Ogletree, DF Pecher, K Salmeron, M Shuh, DK Tonner, B Tyliszczak, T Warwick, T Yoon, TH AF Bluhm, H Andersson, K Araki, T Benzerara, K Brown, GE Dynes, JJ Ghosal, S Gilles, MK Hansen, HC Hemminger, JC Hitchcock, AP Ketteler, G Kilcoyne, ALD Kneedler, E Lawrence, JR Leppard, GG Majzlan, J Mun, BS Myneni, SCB Nilsson, A Ogasawara, H Ogletree, DF Pecher, K Salmeron, M Shuh, DK Tonner, B Tyliszczak, T Warwick, T Yoon, TH TI Soft X-ray microscopy and spectroscopy at the molecular environmental science beamline at the Advanced Light Source SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; scanning transmission X-ray microscopy; X-ray emission spectroscopy; near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure; water environmental science ID ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; INTERFACIAL CHEMISTRY; EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; SALT-SOLUTIONS; K-EDGE; SURFACES; ABSORPTION; SPECTROMICROSCOPY AB We present examples of the application of synchrotron-based spectroscopies and microscopies to environmentally relevant samples. The experiments were performed at the molecular environmental science beamline (11.0.2) at the Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Examples range from the study of water monolayers on Pt(1 1 1) single crystal surfaces using X-ray emission spectroscopy and the examination of alkali halide solution/water vapor interfaces using ambient pressure photoemission spectroscopy, to the investigation of actinides, river water biofilms, Al-containing colloids and mineral-bacteria suspensions using scanning transmission X-ray spectromicroscopy. The results of our experiments show that spectroscopy and microscopy in the soft X-ray energy range are excellent tools for the investigation of environmentally relevant samples under realistic conditions, i.e., with water or water vapor present at ambient temperature. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Stockholm, Albanova Univ Ctr, FYSIKUM, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. McMaster Univ, Brockhouse Inst Mat Res, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Nat Sci, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark. FEI Co, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. Natl Water Res Inst Branch, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Natl Water Res Inst Branch, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Bluhm, H (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Mail Stop 6R2100,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM HBluhm@lbl.gov RI Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013; Lawrence, John/D-5758-2011; IMPMC, Geobio/F-8819-2016; Nilsson, Anders/E-1943-2011; Mun, Bongjin /G-1701-2013; Hansen, Hans Christian/M-9652-2013; Ogasawara, Hirohito/D-2105-2009; Ogletree, D Frank/D-9833-2016; Benzerara, Karim/J-1532-2016 OI Lawrence, John/0000-0001-5872-1212; Nilsson, Anders/0000-0003-1968-8696; Andersson, Klas J./0000-0002-6064-5658; Hansen, Hans Christian/0000-0002-8617-2393; Ogasawara, Hirohito/0000-0001-5338-1079; Ogletree, D Frank/0000-0002-8159-0182; Benzerara, Karim/0000-0002-0553-0137 NR 84 TC 185 Z9 186 U1 9 U2 100 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 150 IS 2-3 BP 86 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2005.07.005 PG 19 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 996RF UT WOS:000234191300004 ER PT J AU Kazmerski, LL AF Kazmerski, LL TI Solar photovoltaics R&D at the tipping point: A 2005 technology overview SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Review DE photovoltaics; solar cells; thin films ID AMORPHOUS-SILICON; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; THEORETICAL EFFICIENCY; CRYSTALLINE SILICON; CELLS; GROWTH; DEPOSITION; TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE; SI AB The status of current and coming solar photovoltaic technologies and their future development are presented. The emphasis is on R&D advances and cell and module performances, with indications of the limitations and strengths of crystalline (Si and GaAs) and thin film (a-Si:H, Si, Cu(In,Ga)(Sc,S)(2), CdTe). The contributions and technological pathways for now and near-term technologies (silicon, III-Vs, and thin films) and status and forecasts for next-next generation photovoltaics (organics, nanotechnologies, multi-multiple junctions) are evaluated. Recent advances in concentrators, new directions for thin films, and materials/device technology issues are discussed in terms of technology evolution and progress. Insights to technical and other investments needed to tip photovoltaics to its next level of contribution as a significant clean-energy partner in the world energy portfolio. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kazmerski, LL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM larry_kazmerski@nreil.gov NR 229 TC 167 Z9 168 U1 3 U2 93 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 150 IS 2-3 BP 105 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2005.09.004 PG 31 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 996RF UT WOS:000234191300005 ER PT J AU Gao, W Li, M Klie, R Altman, EI AF Gao, W Li, M Klie, R Altman, EI TI Growth and characterization of model oxide catalysts SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE molecular beam epitaxy; electron diffraction; photoelectron spectroscopy; electron energy loss spectroscopy; transition metal oxides; palladium ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; DE-NOX CATALYSTS; SURFACE-STRUCTURE; V2O5-WO3/TIO2 CATALYSTS; COMPLETE OXIDATION; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; NITRIC-OXIDE; THIN-FILMS; OXYGEN; PD(100) AB Oxide catalysts are frequently used to convert toxic species to environmentally benign molecules, and to prevent the formation of toxic species in the first place. In this paper, growth and characterization of model oxide systems employed in both approaches is discussed. An example of the former approach is the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO emitted from power plants by NH3, which employs tungsten and vanadium oxides supported on the anatase polymorph of TiO2. To model SCR catalysts, epitaxial titanium, vanadium and tungsten oxide films were grown using molecular beam epitaxy and magnetron sputtering. Two different anatase orientations were grown on LaAlO3 substrates and their interactions with vanadia were characterized. On LaAlO3 (0 0 1), anatase exposed a (4 x 1) reconstructed (0 0 1) surface. Vanadia lifted the reconstruction and at 1 ML a (1 x 1) surface with mostly V5+ was observed. Continued V2O5 growth led to loss of order, but at high temperatures epitaxial VO2 could be grown; vanadia behaved similarly on anatase films on LaAlO3 (1 1 0). Results suggested that the monolayer is pseudomorphic with O adsorption oxidizing the surface V to 5+, since the anatase structure cannot accommodate more bulk oxygen, only a monolayer can be pseudomorphic and have only V5+. Thus the vanadia monolayer has unique structural and chemical properties that can help explain why vanadia monolayers on TiO2 are much more active than bulk V2O5. For WO3, a series of added row reconstructions were observed as the epitaxial films were reduced. The effect of these structures on surface chemistry was characterized by studying I-propanol adsorption. The results indicated that the structure of the WO3 surface did not alter its catalytic function but had a strong effect on reaction kinetics. As an example of a system where catalysts prevent the formation of toxic species, the reactivity of oxidized Pd surfaces used in CH4 catalytic combustion were studied. An ordered PdO-Iike monolayer was found to be less reactive towards CO than adsorbed O on Pd. On the other hand, the PdO layer favored a lower activation energy C3H6 oxidation pathway. The results indicated that Pd oxidation reduces the sticking coefficient of reactive species but once molecules adsorb, the oxide surface can reduce the activation energy for subsequent reaction. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Altman, EI (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Chem Engn, POB 208286, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM eric.altman@yale.edu NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 150 IS 2-3 BP 136 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2005.02.011 PG 14 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 996RF UT WOS:000234191300006 ER PT J AU Hurum, DC Agrios, AG Crist, SE Gray, KA Rajh, T Thurnauer, MC AF Hurum, DC Agrios, AG Crist, SE Gray, KA Rajh, T Thurnauer, MC TI Probing reaction mechanisms in mixed phase TiO2 by EPR SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE anatase; rutile; mixed phase TiO2; electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR); photocatalysis; interfacial charge transfer ID ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION; RUTILE TIO2; THIN-FILMS; HETEROGENEOUS PHOTOCATALYSIS; CHARGE SEPARATION; SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTOCATALYSIS; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; NANOCRYSTALLINE TITANIA AB Charge separation processes in mixed phase TiO2 photocatalysts are investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The mechanisms of interfacial electron transfer, subsequent charge migration and recombination at surface sites, and other interfacial effects on chlorophenol/TiO2 chemistry have been probed. Distorted interfacial sites have been observed and are proposed as catalytically reactive hot spots. This detailed knowledge of charge transfer processes is critical to the nanoscate design of catalysts and subsequent improvement of catalytic efficiency. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Northwestern Univ, Inst Environm Catalysis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Thurnauer, MC (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Inst Environm Catalysis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM mariont@anl.gov RI Gray, Kimberly/B-6989-2009; OI Agrios, Alexander/0000-0002-6854-1220 NR 99 TC 156 Z9 158 U1 8 U2 73 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 150 IS 2-3 BP 155 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2005.01.294 PG 9 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 996RF UT WOS:000234191300008 ER PT J AU Szanyi, J Kwak, JH Burton, S Rodriguez, JA Peden, CHF AF Szanyi, J Kwak, JH Burton, S Rodriguez, JA Peden, CHF TI Characterization of NOx species in dehydrated and hydrated Na- and Ba-Y FAU zeolites formed in NO2 adsorption SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE NOx reduction; adsorbed ionic NOx species; FT-IR; XANES; NMR ID REDUCTION; CHEMISTRY; SURFACES; NITRATE; FTIR AB Adsorbed ionic NO2 species formed upon the interaction of NO2 with dehydrated or hydrated Na- and Ba-Y, FAU zeolites were characterized using FT-IR/TPD, solid state NMR, and XANES techniques. NO2 disproportionates on both dehydrated catalyst materials forming NO+ and NO3- species. These ionic species are stabilized by their interactions with the negatively charged zeolite framework and the charge compensating cations (Ne+ and Ba2+), respectively. Although the nature of the adsorbed NOx species formed on the two catalysts is similar, their thermal stabilities are strongly dependent on the charge compensating cations. In the presence of water in the channels of these zeolite materials new paths open for reactions between NO+ and H2O, and NO2 and H2O, resulting in significant changes in the adsorbed ionic species observed. These combined spectroscopic investigations afforded the understanding of the interactions between water and NO2 on these zeolite catalysts. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, High Field NMR Facil, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Szanyi, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, 902 Battelle Blvd MSIN K8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM janos.szanyi@pnl.gov RI Kwak, Ja Hun/J-4894-2014; OI Peden, Charles/0000-0001-6754-9928 NR 15 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 150 IS 2-3 BP 164 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2005.05.007 PG 7 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 996RF UT WOS:000234191300009 ER PT J AU Williford, RE AF Williford, RE TI Modeling of environmentally significant interfaces: Two case studies SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE modeling; fuel cells; mesoporous silica ID O-2(G)VERTICAL-BAR-YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA SYSTEM; HYDROGEN OXYGEN REACTION; BOUNDARY-VALUE-PROBLEMS; SILICA THIN-FILMS; MESOPOROUS SILICA; REACTION-MECHANISM; SURFACE-DIFFUSION; ESHELBYS PROBLEM; ARBITRARY SHAPE; LATTICE-GAS AB When some parameters cannot be easily measured experimentally, mathematical models can often be used to deconvolute or interpret data collected on complex systems, such as those characteristic of many environmental problems. These models can help quantify the contributions of various physical or chemical phenomena that contribute to the overall behavior, thereby enabling the scientist to control and manipulate these phenomena, and thus to optimize the performance of the material or device. In the first case study presented here, a model is used to test the hypothesis that oxygen interactions with hydrogen on the catalyst particles of solid oxide fuel cell anodes can sometimes occur a finite distance away from the triple phase boundary (TPB), so that such reactions are not restricted to the TPB as normally assumed. The model may help explain a discrepancy between the observed structure of SOFCs and their performance. The second case study develops a simple physical model that allows engineers to design and control the sizes and shapes of mesopores in silica thin films. Such pore design can be useful for enhancing the selectivity and reactivity of environmental sensors and catalysts. This paper demonstrates the mutually beneficial interactions between experiment and modeling in the solution of a wide range of problems. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Mat, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Williford, RE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Mat, Mail Stop K2-44,Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Rick.Williford@pnl.gov NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 150 IS 2-3 BP 171 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2005.05.005 PG 14 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 996RF UT WOS:000234191300010 ER PT J AU Thevuthasan, S Shutthanandan, V Zhang, Y AF Thevuthasan, S Shutthanandan, V Zhang, Y TI Applications of high energy ion beam techniques in environmental science: Investigation associated with glass and ceramic waste forms SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE Rutherford backscattering spectrometry; nuclear reaction analysis; ion channeling; ion exchange; glass and ceramic waste forms; ion beam analysis; environmental science; radiation damage; thermal recovery ID SAMARIUM TITANATE PYROCHLORE; SELF-RADIATION DAMAGE; NUCLEAR-WASTE; SILICATE-GLASSES; EPITAXIAL RECRYSTALLIZATION; NA2O-AL2O3-SIO2 GLASS; STRONTIUM-TITANATE; AMORPHIZED SRTIO3; THERMAL RECOVERY; SURFACE-LAYER AB High energy ion beam capabilities including Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) have been very effectively used in environmental science to investigate the ion-exchange mechanisms in glass waste forms and the effects of irradiation in glass and ceramic waste forms in the past. In this study, RBS and NRA along with SIMNRA simulations were used to monitor the Na depletion and D and O-18 uptake in alumina silicate glasses, respectively, after the glass coupons were exposed to aqueous solution. These results show that the formation of a reaction layer and an establishment of a region where diffusion limited ion exchange occur in these glasses during exposure to silica-saturated solutions. Different regions including reaction and diffusion regions were identified on the basis of the depth distributions of these elements. In the case of ceramics, damage accumulation was studied as a function of ion dose at different irradiation temperatures. A sigmoidal dependence of relative disorder on the ion dose was observed. The defect-dechanneling factors were calculated for two irradiated regions in SrTiO3 using the critical angles determined from the angular yield curves. The dependence of defect-dechanneling parameter on the incident energy was investigated and it was observed that the generated defects are mostly interstitial atoms and amorphous clusters. Thermal recovery experiments were performed to study the damage recovery processes up to a maximum temperature of 870 K. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Thevuthasan, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, MSIN K8-93,Box 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM theva@pnl.gov NR 66 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 150 IS 2-3 BP 195 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2005.06.010 PG 13 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 996RF UT WOS:000234191300012 ER PT J AU Laskin, A Cowin, JP Iedema, MJ AF Laskin, A Cowin, JP Iedema, MJ TI Analysis of individual environmental particles using modern methods of electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE atmospheric particles; electron microscopy; X-ray microanalysis; aerosols ID SEA-SALT PARTICLES; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; HETEROGENEOUS CHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; MINERAL DUST; NITRATE FORMATION; AIR-POLLUTION; TOF-SIMS; TROPOSPHERE; HYDRATION AB Understanding the composition of particles in the atmosphere is critical because of their health effects and their direct and indirect effects on radiative forcing, and hence on climate. In this manuscript, we demonstrate the utility of single particle off-line analysis to investigate the chemistry of individual atmospheric particles using modem, state-of-the-art electron microscopy and time-of-flight secondary ionization mass spectrometry techniques. We show that these methods provide specific, detailed data on particle composition, chemistry, morphology, phase and internal structure. This information is crucial for evaluating hygroscopic properties of aerosols, understanding aerosol aging and reactivity, and correlating the characteristics of aerosols with their optical properties. The manuscript presents a number of analytical advances in methods of electron probe particle analysis along with a brief review of a number of the research projects carried out in the authors' laboratory on the chemical characterization of environmental particles. The obtained data offers a rich set of qualitative and quantitative information on the particle chemistry, composition and the mechanisms of gas-particle interactions which are of high importance to atmospheric processes involving particulate matter and air pollution. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Laskin, A (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Alexander.Laskin@pnl.gov RI Laskin, Alexander/I-2574-2012 OI Laskin, Alexander/0000-0002-7836-8417 NR 59 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 7 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 150 IS 2-3 BP 260 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2005.06.008 PG 15 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 996RF UT WOS:000234191300018 ER PT J AU Afanasev, AV Konchatnij, MI Merenkov, NP AF Afanasev, A. V. Konchatnij, M. I. Merenkov, N. P. TI Single-spin asymmetries in the Bethe-Heitler process e(-) + p -> e(-) + gamma + p induced by loop corrections SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VIRTUAL COMPTON-SCATTERING; ELECTRON-PROTON SCATTERING; GENERALIZED POLARIZABILITIES; POLARIZATION TRANSFER; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; NUCLEON; AMPLITUDE; PHOTON; MODEL; EP AB The single-spin beam and target asymmetries in the hard electroproduction process e(-) + p -> e(-) + gamma + p induced by the loop radiative corrections to the vertex part of lepton interaction are considered. The physical reason for the appearance of such asymmetries is the nonzero imaginary part of the amplitude (on the level of radiative corrections) caused by diagrams with photon radiation from the outgoing electron. We calculate the single-spin beam and target asymmetries at a longitudinally polarized electron beam or at arbitrary polarizations of the target proton for the CLAS and HERMES experimental conditions. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Kharkov Inst Phys & Technol, Natl Sci Ctr, UA-61108 Kharkov, Ukraine. RP Afanasev, AV (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM merenkov@kipt.kharkov.ua OI Afanasev, Andrei/0000-0003-0679-3307 NR 47 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1063-7761 EI 1090-6509 J9 J EXP THEOR PHYS+ JI J. Exp. Theor. Phys. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 102 IS 2 BP 220 EP 233 DI 10.1134/S1063776106020038 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 043II UT WOS:000237594300003 ER PT J AU Schmid, B Ferrare, R Flynn, C Elleman, R Covert, D Strawa, A Welton, E Turner, D Jonsson, H Redemann, J Eilers, J Ricci, K Hallar, AG Clayton, M Michalsky, J Smirnov, A Holben, B Barnard, J AF Schmid, B Ferrare, R Flynn, C Elleman, R Covert, D Strawa, A Welton, E Turner, D Jonsson, H Redemann, J Eilers, J Ricci, K Hallar, AG Clayton, M Michalsky, J Smirnov, A Holben, B Barnard, J TI How well do state-of-the-art techniques measuring the vertical profile of tropospheric aerosol extinction compare? SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review ID COLUMNAR WATER-VAPOR; MID-ATLANTIC COAST; RADIATION MEASUREMENT PROGRAM; AIRBORNE SUN PHOTOMETER; SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; OPTICAL-DEPTH SPECTRA; REMOTE-SENSING MEASUREMENTS; GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS; PARTICULATE BLACK CARBON; SINGLE-SCATTERING ALBEDO AB [1] The recent Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Aerosol Intensive Operations Period (AIOP, May 2003) yielded one of the best measurement sets obtained to date to assess our ability to measure the vertical profile of ambient aerosol extinction sigma(ep)(lambda) in the lower troposphere. During one month, a heavily instrumented aircraft with well-characterized aerosol sampling ability carrying well-proven and new aerosol instrumentation devoted most of the 60 available flight hours to flying vertical profiles over the heavily instrumented ARM Southern Great Plains (SGP) Climate Research Facility (CRF). This allowed us to compare vertical extinction profiles obtained from six different instruments: airborne Sun photometer (AATS-14), airborne nephelometer/absorption photometer, airborne cavity ring-down system, ground-based Raman lidar, and two ground-based elastic backscatter lidars. We find the in situ measured sigma(ep)(lambda) to be lower than the AATS-14 derived values. Bias differences are 0.002-0.004 Km(-1) equivalent to 13-17% in the visible, or 45% in the near-infrared. On the other hand, we find that with respect to AATS-14, the lidar sigma(ep)(lambda) are higher: Bias differences are 0.004 Km(-1) (13%) and 0.007 Km(-1) (24%) for the two elastic backscatter lidars (MPLNET and MPLARM, lambda = 523 nm) and 0.029 Km(-1) (54%) for the Raman lidar (lambda = 355 nm). An unnoticed loss of sensitivity of the Raman lidar had occurred leading up to AIOP, and we expect better agreement from the recently restored system. Looking at the collective results from six field campaigns conducted since 1996, airborne in situ measurements of sigma(ep)(lambda) tend to be biased slightly low (17% at visible wavelengths) when compared to airborne Sun photometer sigma(ep)(lambda). On the other hand, sigma(ep)(lambda) values derived from lidars tend to have no or positive biases. From the bias differences we conclude that the typical systematic error associated with measuring the tropospheric vertical profile of the ambient aerosol extinction with current state-of-the-art instrumentation is 15-20% at visible wavelengths and potentially larger in the UV and near-infrared. C1 NASA, Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA. NASA, SAIC, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft S, Marina, CA 93633 USA. Los Gatos Res Inc, Mountain View, CA 94041 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP NASA, Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Ames Res Ctr, MS 245-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM bschmid@mail.arc.nasa.gov RI Smirnov, Alexander/C-2121-2009; Welton, Ellsworth/A-8362-2012; Hallar, Anna Gannet/I-9104-2012 OI Smirnov, Alexander/0000-0002-8208-1304; Hallar, Anna Gannet/0000-0001-9972-0056 NR 110 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D5 AR D05S07 DI 10.1029/2005JD005837 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 010BG UT WOS:000235157800001 ER PT J AU Podgorney, RK Bennett, JE AF Podgorney, RK Bennett, JE TI Evaluating the long-term performance of geosynthetic clay liners exposed to freeze-thaw SO JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID GCL HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; PERMEABILITY AB An important consideration for landfill liners and covers constructed in the frost zone of cold climates is the possible deterioration in performance due to freeze-thaw cycling over the design life of the liner or cover system. Several examples in the literature show that geosynthetic clay liners can withstand a limited number of freeze-thaw events, but data on long-term freeze-thaw performance are lacking. The objective of this study was to examine the long-term performance of geosynthetic clay liners exposed to repeated freeze-thaw cycles, encompassing their application as a final cover as well as a bottom liner. Measurements of hydraulic conductivity were performed after as many as 150 freeze-thaw cycles, with no appreciable increases observed. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. CH2M WG Idaho LLC, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Podgorney, RK (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625,MS 2107, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM robert.podorney@inl.gov; bennje@inel.gov NR 17 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1090-0241 J9 J GEOTECH GEOENVIRON JI J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 132 IS 2 BP 265 EP 268 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2006)132:2(265) PG 4 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 004FC UT WOS:000234736400014 ER PT J AU Burdman, G Dobrescu, BA Ponton, E AF Burdman, G Dobrescu, BA Ponton, E TI Six-dimensional gauge theory on the chiral square SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE beyond standard model; field theories in higher dimensions ID UNIVERSAL EXTRA DIMENSIONS; DARK-MATTER; BULK; LEPTONS; BRANES; QUARKS; IMPACT AB We construct gauge theories in two extra dimensions compactified on the chiral square, which is a simple compactification that leads to chiral fermions in four dimensions. Stationarity of the action on the boundary specifies the boundary conditions for gauge fields. Any six-dimensional gauge field decomposed in Kaluza-Klein modes includes a tower of heavy spin-1 particles whose longitudinal polarizations are linear combinations of the extra-dimensional components, and a tower of heavy spin-0 particles corresponding to the orthogonal combinations. These linear combinations depend on the Kaluza-Klein numbers, and are independent of the gauge fixing. If the gauge symmetry is broken by the vacuum expectation value of a six-dimensional scalar, at each Kaluza-Klein level three spinless fields in the adjoint representation mix to provide the longitudinal polarization of the spin-1 mode, leaving the orthogonal states as two spin-0 particles. We derive the interactions of the Kaluza-Klein modes for generic gauge theories, laying the groundwork for the Standard Model in two universal extra dimensions, and more generally for future model building and phenomenological studies. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, R Matao 187, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM burdman@if.usp.br; bdob@fnal.gov; eponton@phys.columbia.edu RI Burdman, Gustavo/D-3285-2012; Ponton, Eduardo/I-4125-2013 OI Ponton, Eduardo/0000-0003-3138-1136 NR 62 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD FEB PY 2006 IS 2 AR 033 PG 25 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 020QC UT WOS:000235923800041 ER PT J AU de Florian, D Kulesza, A Vogelsang, W AF de Florian, D Kulesza, A Vogelsang, W TI Threshold resummation for high-transverse-momentum Higgs production at the LHC SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE NLO computations; hadronic colliders; QCD ID HADRON-HADRON COLLISIONS; TO-LEADING ORDER; BOSON PRODUCTION; CROSS-SECTIONS; GLUON RESUMMATION; NNLO CORRECTIONS; QCD CORRECTIONS; COLLIDERS; ANNIHILATION; DISTRIBUTIONS AB We study the resummation of large logarithmic QCD corrections for the process pp -> H + X when the Higgs boson H is produced at high transverse momentum. The corrections arise near the threshold for partonic reaction and originate from soft gluon emission. We perform the all-order resummation at next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy and match the resummed result with the next-to-leading order perturbative predictions. The effect of resummation on the Higgs transverse momentum distribution at the LHC is discussed. C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Fis, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Theoret Teilchenphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Fis, Pabellon 1 Ciudad Univ, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM deflo@df.uba.ar; ania@particle.uni-karlsruhe.de; vogelsan@quark.phy.bnl.gov RI de Florian, Daniel/B-6902-2011 OI de Florian, Daniel/0000-0002-3724-0695 NR 64 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD FEB PY 2006 IS 2 AR 047 PG 18 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 020QC UT WOS:000235923800027 ER PT J AU Diaconescu, E Florea, B Kachru, S Svrcek, P AF Diaconescu, E Florea, B Kachru, S Svrcek, P TI Gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking in string compactifications SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE superstrings and heterotic strings; supersymmetry breaking; F-theory ID CONFORMAL FIELD-THEORIES; STANDARD MODEL SPECTRA; POINT-LIKE INSTANTONS; F-THEORY; SOFT TERMS; FLUX COMPACTIFICATION; MODULI STABILIZATION; PARTICLE PHYSICS; D-BRANES; ORIENTIFOLDS AB We provide string theory examples where a toy model of a SUSY GUT or the MSSM is embedded in a compactification along with a gauge sector which dynamically breaks supersymmetry. We argue that by changing microscopic details of the model (such as precise choices of flux), one can arrange for the dominant mediation mechanism transmitting SUSY breaking to the Standard Model to be either gravity mediation or gauge mediation. Systematic improvement of such examples may lead to top-down models incorporating a solution to the SUSY flavor problem. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. EM duiliu@physics.rutgers.edu; bflorea@slac.stanford.edu; skachru@stanford.edu; svrcek@slac.stanford.edu NR 137 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD FEB PY 2006 IS 2 AR 020 PG 45 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 020QC UT WOS:000235923800054 ER PT J AU Lillie, B AF Lillie, B TI Collider phenomenology of Higgs bosons in left-right symmetric Randall- Sundrum models SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE beyond standard model; Higgs physics; compactification and string models ID STANDARD MODEL; HIERARCHY; DIMENSION; GEOMETRY; MASSES; FIELDS AB We investigate the collider phenomenology of a left-right symmetric Randall-Sundrum model with fermions and gauge bosons in the bulk. We find that the model is allowed by precision electroweak data as long as the ratio of the (unwarped) Higgs vev to the curvature scale is v/k <= 1/4. In that region there can be substantial modifications to the Higgs properties. In particular, the couplings to WW and ZZ are reduced, the coupling to gluons is enhanced, and the coupling to gamma gamma can receive shifts in either direction. The Higgs mass bound from LEP II data can potentially be relaxed to m(H) greater than or similar to 80GeV. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lillie, B (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM lillieb@slac.stanford.edu NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD FEB PY 2006 IS 2 AR 019 PG 22 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 020QC UT WOS:000235923800055 ER PT J AU Shepard, PG AF Shepard, PG TI Bloch waves and fuzzy cylinders: 1/4-BPS solutions of matrix theory SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE m(atrix) theories; brane dynamics in gauge theories; non-commutative geometry; D-branes ID BRANES AB In this note, we present a broad class of 1/4-BPS solutions to matrix theory, corresponding to non-commutative cylinders of arbitrary cross-sectional profile in R-8. The solutions provide a microscopic description of a general supertube configuration. Taking advantage of an analogy between a compact matrix dimension and the hamiltonian of a 1-dimensional crystal, we use a Bloch wave basis to diagonalize the transverse matrices, finding a distribution of eigenvalues which smoothly trace the profile curve as the Bloch wave number is varied. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shepard, PG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pgs@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD FEB PY 2006 IS 2 AR 003 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 020QC UT WOS:000235923800071 ER PT J AU Phillips, TJ AF Phillips, TJ TI Reproducibility of seasonal land surface climate SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MODEL INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; EL-NINO; SOIL-MOISTURE; ECMWF MODEL; POTENTIAL PREDICTABILITY; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE AB In this study, the sensitivity of the continental seasonal climate to initial conditions is estimated from an ensemble of decadal simulations of an atmospheric general circulation model with the same specifications of radiative forcings and monthly ocean boundary conditions, but with different initial states of atmosphere and land. As measures Of the "reproducibility" of continental climate for different initial conditions, spatiotemporal correlations are computed across paired realizations of 11 model land surface variables in which the seasonal cycle is either included or excluded-the former case being pertinent to climate simulation and the latter to seasonal prediction. It is found that the land surface variables that include the seasonal cycle are impacted only marginally by changes in initial conditions: moreover, their seasonal climatologies exhibit high spatial reproducibility. In contrast, the reproducibility of a seasonal land surface anomaly is generally low, although it is substantially higher in the Tropics its spatial reproducibility also markedly fluctuates in tandem with warm and cold phases of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation. However, the overall degree of reproducibility depends on the particular land surface anomaly considered. It is also shown that the predictability of a land surface anomaly implied by its reproducibility statistics is consistent with what is inferred from more conventional predictability metrics. Implications of these results for climate model intercomparison projects and for operational forecasts of seasonal continental climate also are elaborated. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Phillips, TJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, L-103, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM phillips14@llnl.gov NR 84 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 7 IS 1 BP 114 EP 136 DI 10.1175/JHM453.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 025QD UT WOS:000236281100007 ER PT J AU Sharif, HO Yates, D Roberts, R Mueller, C AF Sharif, HO Yates, D Roberts, R Mueller, C TI The use of an automated nowcasting system to forecast flash floods in an urban watershed SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION-MODELS; WSR-88D DATA; RADAR; RAINFALL; SOIL; INFILTRATION; VARIABILITY; RUNOFF; FLOW; AIR AB Flash flooding represents a significant hazard to human safety and a threat to property. Simulation and prediction of floods in complex urban settings requires high-resolution precipitation estimates and distributed hydrologic modeling. The need for reliable flash flood forecasting has increased in recent years, especially in urban communities, because of the high costs associated with flood occurrences. Several storm nowcast systems use radar to provide quantitative precipitation forecasts that can potentially afford great benefits to flood warning and short-term forecasting in urban settings. In this paper, the potential benefits of high-resolution weather radar data, physically based distributed hydrologic modeling, and quantitative precipitation nowcasting for urban hydrology and flash flood prediction were demonstrated by forcing a physically based distributed hydrologic model with precipitation forecasts made by a convective storm nowcast system to predict flash floods in a small, highly urbanized catchment in Denver. Colorado. Two rainfall events on 5 and 8 July 2001 in the Harvard Gulch watershed are presented that correspond to times during which the storm nowcast system was operated. Results clearly indicate that high-resolution radar-rainfall estimates and advanced nowcasting can potentially lead to improvements in flood warning and forecasting in urban watersheds, even for short-lived events on small catchments. At lead times of 70 min before the occurrence of peak discharge. forecast accuracies of approximately 17% in peak discharge and 10 min in peak timing were achieved for a 10 km(2) highly urbanized catchment. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Sharif, HO (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 6900 N Loop 1604 W, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM hatim.sharif@utsa.edu RI Sharif, Hatim/E-4426-2010 NR 35 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 7 IS 1 BP 190 EP 202 DI 10.1175/JHM482.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 025QD UT WOS:000236281100012 ER PT J AU Song, J Wesely, ML Holdridge, DJ Cook, DR Klazura, J AF Song, J Wesely, ML Holdridge, DJ Cook, DR Klazura, J TI Estimating the long-term hydrological budget over heterogeneous surfaces SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESTIMATING WATERSHED EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; SOIL HYDROLOGY; LAND SURFACES; PART I; FLUXES; MODEL; ENERGY; SENSITIVITY; EXCHANGE AB Estimates of the hydrological budget in the Walnut River Watershed (WRW; similar to 5000 km(2)) of southern Kansas were made with a parameterized subgrid-scale surface (PASS) model for the period 1996-2002. With its subgrid-scale distribution scheme, the PASS model Couples Surface meteorological observations with satellite remote sensing data to update root-zone available moisture and to simulate surface evapotranspiration rates at high resolution over extended areas. The PASS model is observationally driven, making use of extensive parameterizations of surface properties and processes. Heterogeneities in surface conditions are spatially resolved to in extent determined primarily by the satellite data pixel size. The Purpose Of Modeling the spatial and interannual variability of water budget components at the regional scale is to evaluate the PASS model's ability to bridge a large grid cell of a climate model with its subgrid-scale variation. Modeled results indicate that annual total evapotranspiration at the WRW is about 66%-88% of annual precipitation-reasonable values for southeastern Kansas-and that it varies spatially and temporally. Seasonal distribution of precipitation plays all important role in evapotranspiration estimates. Comparison of modeled runoff with Stream gauge measurements demonstrated close agreement and verified the accuracy of modeled evapotranspiration at the regional scale. Ill situ measurements of energy fluxes compare favorably with the modeled values for corresponding grid cells, and measured surface soil moisture corresponds with modeled root-zone available moisture in terms of temporal variability despite very heterogeneous surface conditions. With its ability to couple remote sensing data with Surface meteorology data and its computational efficiency, PASS is easily used for modeling surface hydrological components over an extended region and in real time. Thus, it can fill a gap in evaluations of climate model Output using limited field observations. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Geog, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Song, J (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Geog, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM jsong@niu.edu NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 7 IS 1 BP 203 EP 214 DI 10.1175/JHM483.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 025QD UT WOS:000236281100013 ER PT J AU Wang, TY Chuang, TH Ronni, T Gu, S Du, YC Cai, H Sun, HQ Yin, HL Chen, X AF Wang, TY Chuang, TH Ronni, T Gu, S Du, YC Cai, H Sun, HQ Yin, HL Chen, X TI Flightless I homology negatively modulates the TLR pathway SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NF-KAPPA-B; LEUCINE-RICH-REPEAT; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; ADAPTER MOLECULE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; GELSOLIN-LIKE AB To date, much of our knowledge about the signaling networks involved in the innate immune response has come from studies using nonphysiologic model systems rather than actual immune cells. In this study, we used a dual-tagging proteomic strategy to identify the components of the MyD88 signalosome in murine macrophages stimulated with lipid A. This systems approach revealed 16 potential MyD88-interacting partners, one of which, flightless I homolog (Fliih) was verified to interact with MyD88 and was further characterized as a negative regulator of the TLR4-MyD88 pathway. Conversely, a reduction in endogenous Fliih by small-interfering RNA enhanced the activation of NF-kappa B, as well as cytokine production by LPS. Results from immunoprecipitation and a two-hybrid assay further indicated that Fliih directly interfered with the formation of the TLR4-MyD88 signaling complex. These results in turn suggest a new basis for the regulation of the TLR pathway by Fliih. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Immunol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Physiol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. RP Chen, X (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Mail Stop M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM chen_xian@lanl.gov RI Chuang, Tsung-Hsien/F-9679-2010 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50GM0216681] NR 42 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 176 IS 3 BP 1355 EP 1362 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 004QF UT WOS:000234766600011 PM 16424162 ER PT J AU Atulasimha, J Flatau, AB Kellogg, RA AF Atulasimha, J Flatau, AB Kellogg, RA TI Sensing behavior of varied stoichiometry single crystal Fe-Ga SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE iron-gallium; single crystal; stoichiometry; compressive tests; d(33)*; Delta E-effect ID AL ALLOYS AB Iron-Gallium (Fe-Ga) alloys are promising materials for sensing applications. However, the mechanical and magnetic properties of these materials vary significantly with the percentage of gallium, which motivates this study on the effect of stoichiometry on the behavior of Fe-Ga alloys. Major loop compressive tests (loading to 110 MPa and unloading, at magnetic fields ranging from 0 to 891 Oe) were performed on single crystal 19 and 24% Ga samples with longitudinal axis in the [100] direction. The effect of % Ga on the magnetomechanical properties is discussed. Furthermore, the magnetic interaction between the Fe-Ga sample and the remainder of the magnetic circuit is modeled. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, Alfred Gessow Rotorcraft Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Atulasimha, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, Alfred Gessow Rotorcraft Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM atul@glue.umd.edu NR 12 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 17 IS 2 BP 97 EP 105 DI 10.1177/1045389X06051075 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 014MG UT WOS:000235483700001 ER PT J AU Faidley, LE Dapino, MJ Washington, GN Lograsso, TA AF Faidley, LE Dapino, MJ Washington, GN Lograsso, TA TI Modulus increase with magnetic field in ferromagnetic shape memory Ni-Mn-Ga SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE ferromagnetic shape memory alloys; Ni-Mn-Ga; solenoid transducer; dynamic transducer; elastic modulus defect ID INDUCED STRAIN AB Ferromagnetic shape memory Ni-Mn-Ga has been shown to exhibit deformations of up to 9.5% when driven with quasistatic fields. This article is focused on the use of Ni-Mn-Ga as the active element in a dynamic transducer consisting of a solenoid and a low-reluctance, closed magnetic path. Despite the absence of a restoring force in this configuration, we have shown in prior studies recoverable compressible strains of lambda = -4100 mu is an element of, which are attributable to internal bias stresses built in the material during manufacture. In this study, we experimentally establish the presence of a modulus defect in Ni50Mn28.7Ga21.3, whereby the elastic modulus increases as much as 255% upon increasing the applied magnetic field from zero to 380kA/m DC. Experimental measurements are conducted under both mechanical and magnetic excitation, and analyzed in combination with vibratory models for the system. While in our experiments the attractive magnetic forces between the transducer poles may contribute to the total modulus increase, the presence of a modulus change associated with the Ni-Mn-Ga element is substantiated. Dynamic Ni-Mn-Ga transducers offer an attractive mechanism for electrical tuning of the modulus, with potential application in active vibration absorption problems. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Columbus, OH 43202 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Dapino, MJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Suite 255,650 Ackerman Rd, Columbus, OH 43202 USA. EM dapino.l@osu.edu NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 17 IS 2 BP 123 EP 131 DI 10.1177/1045389X06056061 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 014MG UT WOS:000235483700004 ER PT J AU Lang, M Strack, C Akinci, C Wolf, B Schlueter, JA Wosnitza, J Schweitzer, D Schreuer, J Wiehl, L AF Lang, M. Strack, Ch. Akinci, C. Wolf, B. Schlueter, J. A. Wosnitza, J. Schweitzer, D. Schreuer, J. Wiehl, L. TI Resistivity studies on different variants of kappa-(BEDT-TTF)(2)Cu[N(CN)(2)]Br: Evidence for disorder and/or defect-induced inelastic scattering contributions SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Crystalline Organic Metals, Superconductors and Ferromagnets CY SEP 11-16, 2005 CL Key West, FL ID ORGANIC SUPERCONDUCTOR; PRESSURE AB Comparative resistivity measurements have been performed on differently prepared K-(ET)(2)Cu[N(CN)(2)]Br single crystals. While the T-c values and their shifts under hydrostatic pressure are found to be sample independent, the resistivity profiles, especially around the resistivity hump at 90 K and the low-temperature p proportional to T-2 behavior, show striking sample-to-sample variations. In the absence of significant differences in the crystals' structural parameters and chemical compositions, as proved by high-resolution X-ray and electron-probe-microanalysis studies, these results indicate that real structure phenomena, i.e. disorder and/or defects, strongly affect the inelastic scattering in these molecular conductors. C1 Univ Frankfurt, Inst Phys, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FZ Rossendorf, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys 3, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. Univ Frankfurt, Inst F Min, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. RP Lang, M (reprint author), Univ Frankfurt, Inst Phys, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. EM michael.lang@physik.uni-frankfurt.de; jaschlueter@anl.gov; j.wosnitza@fz-rossendorf.de; d.schweitzer@physik.uni-stuttgart.de RI Schreuer, Juergen/F-7843-2011 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 142 IS 3-4 BP 191 EP 196 DI 10.1007/s10909-006-9018-x PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 086EV UT WOS:000240657500015 ER PT J AU Coldea, AI Bangura, AF Singleton, J Ardavan, A Akutsu-Sato, A Akutsu, H Day, P AF Coldea, A. I. Bangura, A. F. Singleton, J. Ardavan, A. Akutsu-Sato, A. Akutsu, H. Day, P. TI Tuning electronic ground states by using chemical pressure on quasi-two dimensional beta ''-(BEDT-TTF)(4)[(H3O)M(C2O4)(3)]center dot Y SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Crystalline Organic Metals, Superconductors and Ferromagnets CY SEP 11-16, 2005 CL Key West, FL ID MOLECULES AB We report high-field magnetotransport studies on quasi-two dimensional beta"-(BEDT-TTF)(4)[(H3O)M(C2O4)(3)]Y-. where Y is a solvent in the anionic layer. By changing the size of the solvent the low temperatures electronic behaviour varies from superconducting (for larger solvents, Y=C6H5NO2 and C6H5CN) to metallic (for smaller solvents, Y=C5H5N and CH2O2). These changes in the ground state are connected with modifications of the Fermi surface, which varies from having one or two pockets for the superconducting charge-transfer salts to at least four pockets in the case of metallic ones. When superconducting, the materials have very large in-plane critical fields (up to 32 T) and enhanced effective masses compared with the metallic compounds. The role of the charge-order fluctuations in stabilizing the superconducting ground state and the effects of intrinsic local disorder is discussed. C1 Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. NHMFL, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Res Ctr Spectrochem, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Himeji Inst Technol, Grad Sch, Dept Mat Sci, Hyogo 6781297, Japan. Himeji Inst Technol, Fac Sci, Hyogo 6781297, Japan. UCL Royal Inst Great Britain, Davy Faraday Res Lab, London, England. RP Coldea, AI (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. EM amalia.coldea@physics.ox.ac.uk; jsingle@lanl.gov RI Coldea, Amalia/C-1106-2013 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 142 IS 3-4 BP 253 EP 256 DI 10.1007/s10909-006-9196-6 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 086EV UT WOS:000240657500026 ER PT J AU Martin, C Cho, K Mihut, I Coffey, T Agosta, CC Tozer, SW Radovan, HA Palm, EC Murphy, TP Schlueter, JA AF Martin, C. Cho, K. Mihut, I. Coffey, T. Agosta, C. C. Tozer, S. W. Radovan, H. A. Palm, E. C. Murphy, T. P. Schlueter, J. A. TI New results for superconductivity in kappa-(BEDT-TTF)(2)CU(NCS)(2) when an applied magnetic field is aligned parallel to the conducting planes SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Crystalline Organic Metals, Superconductors and Ferromagnets CY SEP 11-16, 2005 CL Key West, FL ID TUNNEL-DIODE OSCILLATOR; PENETRATION DEPTH; ORGANIC SUPERCONDUCTOR; UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; II SUPERCONDUCTORS; HEAT AB Using a Tunnel Diode Oscillator technique, we have measured the effect of a parallel magnetic field on the in-plane rf penetration depths in organic [alpha-(BEDT-TTF)(2)NH4Hg(SCN)(4) and kappa-(BEDT-TTF)(2)Cu(NCS)(2)] and heavy fermion (CeCoIn5) superconductors. We show that in this particular geometry, the effects due to vortex activity are minimized. The penetration depth is then governed by the density of superconducting carriers. It is shown in many experiments including rf penetration depth measurement that alpha-(BEDT-TTF)(2)NH4Hg(SCN)(4) and CeCoIn5 have s-wave and d-wave pairing symmetries, respectively. The pairing symmetry of kappa-(BEDT-TTF)(2)Cu(NCS)(2), however, is still an unsolved matter, showing inconsistent results. In this paper, the penetration depth of kappa-(BEDT-TTF)(2)Cu(NCS)(2) is shown to be more similar to alpha-(BEDT-TTF)(2)NH4Hg(SCN)(4) than to CeCoIn5, suggesting the pairing is nodeless. C1 Clark Univ, Dept Phys, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Martin, C (reprint author), Clark Univ, Dept Phys, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. EM cagosta@clarku.edu; kcho@clarku.edu; jaschlueter@anl.gov RI Stroe, Izabela/B-3790-2010 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 142 IS 3-4 BP 257 EP 260 DI 10.1007/s10909-006-9190-z PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 086EV UT WOS:000240657500027 ER PT J AU Kornilov, AV Pudalov, VM Klehe, AK Ardavan, A Qualls, JS Singleton, J AF Kornilov, A. V. Pudalov, V. M. Klehe, A. -K. Ardavan, A. Qualls, J. S. Singleton, J. TI Rapid oscillations in (TMTSF)(2)PF6 SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Crystalline Organic Metals, Superconductors and Ferromagnets CY SEP 11-16, 2005 CL Key West, FL ID ONE-DIMENSIONAL CONDUCTORS; SPIN-DENSITY WAVES; MAGNETIC OSCILLATIONS; ORGANIC SUPERCONDUCTORS; (TMTSF)2PF6; TRANSITION; PRESSURE; STATES AB In order to clarify the origin of the "Rapid Oscillation" (RO) in (TMTSF)(2)PF6, we studied the magnetoresistance anisotropy in the Field-Induced Spin Density Wave (FISDW) phase. We have found that in the FISDW insulating state, the Fermi surface is not totally gapped; the remaining 2D metallic pockets are quantized in magnetic field and give rise to the RO. Decreasing temperature does not change the size and orientation of the closed pockets, rather, it causes depopulation of the delocalized states in favor of the localized ones, resulting in the disappearance of the RO. C1 PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 119991, Russia. Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Univ Texas Pan Amer, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kornilov, AV (reprint author), PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Leninsky Prospect 53, Moscow 119991, Russia. EM kornilov@maill.lebedev.ru; arzhang.ardavan@physics.ox.ac.uk; jsingle@lanl.gov RI Pudalov, Vladimir/L-6122-2013; Kornilov, Andrey/C-2609-2016 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 142 IS 3-4 BP 305 EP 310 DI 10.1007/s10909-006-9028-8 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 086EV UT WOS:000240657500035 ER PT J AU Wosnitza, J Hagel, J Ignatchik, O Bergk, B Gvozdikov, VM Schlueter, JA Winter, RW Gard, GL AF Wosnitza, J. Hagel, J. Ignatchik, O. Bergk, B. Gvozdikov, V. M. Schlueter, J. A. Winter, R. W. Gard, G. L. TI beta ''-(ET)(2)SF5CH2CF2SO3 - a Layered 2D metal with vanishing interlayer coupling SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Crystalline Organic Metals, Superconductors and Ferromagnets CY SEP 11-16, 2005 CL Key West, FL ID ORGANIC SUPERCONDUCTOR; MAGNETORESISTANCE; OSCILLATIONS; TRANSPORT AB We report on electrical transport and magnetization measurements of the quasi-two-dimensional layered superconductor beta"-(ET)(2)SF5CH2CF2SO3. The absence of a resistive peak when a strong magnetic field is aligned along the conducting planes reflects the fact that the material is one of the most anisotropic ET-based metals with possible incoherent interlayer transport. Consequences of this feature may be the enhanced amplitude of magnetic quantum oscillations in the superconducting state and an unusual angular-dependent metal-insulator transition. C1 FZ Rossendorf, HLD, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Kharkov Natl Univ, UA-61077 Kharkov, Ukraine. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Chem, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RP Wosnitza, J (reprint author), FZ Rossendorf, HLD, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. EM j.wosnitza@fz-rossendorf.de; jaschlueter@anl.gov NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 142 IS 3-4 BP 327 EP 332 DI 10.1007/s10909-006-9033-y PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 086EV UT WOS:000240657500040 ER PT J AU Drichko, N Dressel, M Merino, J Greco, A Schlueter, J AF Drichko, N. Dressel, M. Merino, J. Greco, A. Schlueter, J. TI Signatures of electron-electron correlations in the optical spectra of alpha-(BEDT-TTF)(2)MHg(SCN)(4) (M=NH4 and Rb) SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Crystalline Organic Metals, Superconductors and Ferromagnets CY SEP 11-16, 2005 CL Key West, FL ID ORGANIC CONDUCTORS; NH4 AB We interpret the optical spectra of alpha-(BEDT-TTF)(2)MHg(SCN)(4) (M=NH4 and Rb) in terms of a 1/4 filled metallic system close to charge ordering and show that in the conductivity spectra of these compounds a fraction of the Spectral weight is shifted from the Drude-peak to higher frequencies due to strong electronic correlations. Analyzing the temperature dependence of the electronic parameters, we distinguish between different aspects of the influence of electronic correlations on optical properties. We conclude, that the correlation effects are slightly weaker in the NH4 compound compared to the Rb one. C1 Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys 1, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor Mat Condensada, Madrid, Spain. UNR, CONICET, Inst Fis, Rosario, Argentina. UNR, CONICET, Fac Ciencias Exactas Ingn & Agrimensura, Rosario, Argentina. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Drichko, N (reprint author), Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys 1, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. EM drichko@pil.physik.uni-stuttgart.de; dressel@pil.physik.uni-stuttgart.de; jaschlueter@anl.gov RI Dressel, Martin/D-3244-2012; Merino, Jaime/L-4135-2014 OI Merino, Jaime/0000-0002-2413-7189 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 142 IS 3-4 BP 341 EP 348 DI 10.1007/s10909-006-9116-9 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 086EV UT WOS:000240657500042 ER PT J AU Schlueter, JA Funk, RJ Geiser, U AF Schlueter, J. A. Funk, R. J. Geiser, U. TI Rigid, microporous 3D molecular frameworks derived from 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Crystalline Organic Metals, Superconductors and Ferromagnets CY SEP 11-16, 2005 CL Key West, FL ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS AB The 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (AmTAZ) ligand is a promising molecular species for formation of robust porous coordination polymers. We have recently crystallized two unusual cubic cage structures which possess mu(2)-O2- and mu(3)-S2- bridges, respectively. Although nitrate unions occupy the pore in these two cationic frameworks, we anticipate that similar materials with open pores can be formed by the incorporation of the charge-compensating anion into the framework structure. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Schlueter, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jaschlueter@anl.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 142 IS 3-4 BP 429 EP 432 DI 10.1007/s10909-006-9130-y PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 086EV UT WOS:000240657500060 ER PT J AU Sushko, YV Korneta, OB Leontsev, SO Jin, R Sales, BC Mandrus, D AF Sushko, Y. V. Korneta, O. B. Leontsev, S. O. Jin, R. Sales, B. C. Mandrus, D. TI Pressure effects on superconducting and magnetic transitions in layered sodium cobalt oxides, NaxCoO2 SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Crystalline Organic Metals, Superconductors and Ferromagnets CY SEP 11-16, 2005 CL Key West, FL AB The results of dc magnetization measurements under hydrostatic (helium-gas) pressure are presented for an ambient pressure superconductor Na(0.35)CoO(2)1.4D(2)O and its precursor compound Na0.75CoO2 known to combine metallic conductivity with an unusual magnetic state below similar to 22K. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sushko, YV (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM sushko@uky.edu RI Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 142 IS 3-4 BP 573 EP 576 DI 10.1007/s10909-006-9197-5 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 086EV UT WOS:000240657500095 ER PT J AU Zuo, FL Zhang, P Schlueter, JA AF Zuo, Fulin Zhang, Ping Schlueter, J. A. TI First order transition in the organic superconductor kappa-(BEDT-TTF)(2)Cu[N(CN)(2)]Br SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Crystalline Organic Metals, Superconductors and Ferromagnets CY SEP 11-16, 2005 CL Key West, FL ID CRITICAL-FIELD AB Magnetoresistance for field close to the parallel to the superconducting planes direction has been studied in organic superconductor kappa-(BEDT-TTF)(2)Cu[N(CN)(2)]Br. The results show a first order phase transition between the superconducting state and the normal state at the upper critical field H-c2. The Is' order transition is evidenced by the hysteretic behavior in the magnetoresistance as a function of field or angle between the field and the plane. A possible model is discussed. C1 Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zuo, FL (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM fzuo@miami.edu; jaschlueter@anl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 142 IS 3-4 BP 577 EP 580 DI 10.1007/s10909-006-9166-z PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 086EV UT WOS:000240657500096 ER PT J AU Narduzzo, A Coldea, A Ardavan, A Singleton, J Pardi, L Bercu, V Akutsu-Sato, A Akutsu, H Turner, S Day, P AF Narduzzo, Alessandro Coldea, Amalia Ardavan, Arzhang Singleton, John Pardi, Luca Bercu, Vasile Akutsu-Sato, Akane Akutsu, Hiroki Turner, Scott Day, Peter TI A spin resonance investigation of magnetism and dynamics in the charge-transfer salts beta"-(BEDT-TTF)(4)[(H3O)M(C2O4)(3)]S SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Crystalline Organic Metals, Superconductors and Ferromagnets CY SEP 11-16, 2005 CL Key West, FL ID COEXISTENCE; NH4 AB We report a spin resonance study of the family of quasi-two-dimensional organic (super)conductors beta"-(BEDT-TTF)(4)[(H3O)M(C2O4)(3)]S, where M is a 3d transition metal ion and S is a host solvent molecule. The spin systems for M = Cr3+ (S = 3/2) and M = Fe3+ (S = 5/2) are investigated by means of both resonant and field modulation techniques in the frequency range between 50 and 313 GHz. The role of the different solvent molecules in determining the degree of spin-orbit coupling and the local symmetry at the metal ion site is established. The low temperature behaviour of intensities, positions and widths of the resonant lines shows significant modifications of the spin-orbit coupling, and of the inter- and intra-ionic spin-spin interactions. Despite the onset of a weak antiferromagnetic internal field at low temperature, the ultimate narrowing of the lines suggests spin-lattice interactions may still be the dominant relaxation process. Diamagnetic screening in the mixed state of the superconducting samples for fields parallel to the quasi-two-dimensional layers induces additional lineshifts only below B = 2.5 T and T = 4 K, determining the threshold of full field penetration within the anion layers. C1 Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, NHMFL, Los Alamos, NM USA. CNR, Ist Proc Chim Fis, I-56124 Pisa, Italy. Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Spectrochem, Grad Sch Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Himeji Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci, Grad Sch, Himeji, Hyogo 6781297, Japan. Himeji Inst Technol, Fac Sci, Himeji, Hyogo 6781297, Japan. UCL Royal Inst Great Britain, Davy Faraday Res Lab, London, England. RP Narduzzo, A (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. EM amalia.coldea@physics.ox.ac.uk; arzhang.ardavan@physics.ox.ac.uk; jsingle@lanl.gov RI Bercu, Vasile/F-3276-2010; Coldea, Amalia/C-1106-2013 OI Bercu, Vasile/0000-0002-8756-5244; NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 142 IS 3-4 BP 581 EP 584 DI 10.1007/s10909-006-9149-0 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 086EV UT WOS:000240657500097 ER PT J AU Larsen, FH Farnan, I Lipton, AS AF Larsen, FH Farnan, I Lipton, AS TI Separation of Ti-47 and Ti-49 solid-state NMR lineshapes by static QCPMG experiments at multiple fields SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE QCPMG; solid state; isotope-selective; Ti; multiple fields ID INTEGER QUADRUPOLAR NUCLEI; SIGNAL ENHANCEMENT; TI-47,TI-49; RUTILE; SPECTROSCOPY; PARAMETERS; BROOKITE; SPECTRA; ANATASE; K-39 AB Experimental procedures are proposed and demonstrated that separate the spectroscopic contribution from both Ti-47 and Ti-49 in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. These take advantage of the different nuclear spin quantum numbers of these isotopes that lead to different 'effective' radiofrequency fields for the central transition nutation frequencies when these nuclei occur in sites with a significant electric field gradient. Numerical simulations and solid-state NMR experiments were performed on the TiO2 polymorphs anatase and rutile. For anatase, the separation of the two isotopes at high field (21.1 T) facilitated accurate determination of the electric field gradient (EFG) and chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) tensors. This was accomplished by taking advantage of the quadrupolar interaction between the EFG at the titanium site and the different magnitudes of the nuclear quadrupole moments (Q) of the two isotopes. Rutile, having a larger quadrupolar coupling constant (C-Q), was examined by Ti-49-selective experiments at different magnetic fields to obtain spectra with different scalings of the two anisotropic tensors. A small chemical shielding anisotropy (CSA) of -30 ppm was determined. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Food Sci Qual & Technol, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Larsen, FH (reprint author), Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Food Sci Qual & Technol, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. EM fhl@kvl.dk RI Larsen, Flemming/A-5255-2015; Farnan, Ian/M-3881-2014 OI Larsen, Flemming/0000-0001-5180-6870; Farnan, Ian/0000-0001-7844-5112 NR 29 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 178 IS 2 BP 228 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2005.10.003 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 011DZ UT WOS:000235249500007 PM 16260159 ER PT J AU Waddell, J Inderhees, S Aronson, MC Dierker, SB AF Waddell, J Inderhees, S Aronson, MC Dierker, SB TI Magnetization of cobalt nanodiscs SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE cobalt nanodiscs; magnetization reversal; magnetic anisotropy ID ENHANCED MAGNETIZATION; FINE PARTICLES; SIZE; NANOPARTICLES; NANOWIRES; RELAXATION; BEHAVIOR AB We have studied the magnetization and AC susceptibility of a dilute colloidal dispersion of epsilon-Co nanodiscs. The temperature dependence of the magnetization implies that the nanodisc moments become largely static below a blocking temperature which exceeds room temperature. The related anisotropy energy is significantly larger than the magnetocrystalline anisotropy for bulk epsilon-Co, which may result either from surface modifications to the crystalline anisotropy, or perhaps from shape anisotropy. The saturation moment is found to be temperature independent, over a wide range of temperatures and also close to the blocking temperature, although the field at which saturation occurs varies considerably with temperature. A coercive field of 1700 Oe is found at low temperature, indicating that magnetization reversal involves the coordinated rotation of the moments in individual nanodiscs. Aging effects are observed in the AC susceptibility, implying that the spatial coherence of the room temperature dispersions increases over time, leading to static short-range order. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Aronson, MC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, 500 E Univ Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM maronson@umich.edu NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 297 IS 1 BP 54 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2005.02.049 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 984JA UT WOS:000233297900008 ER PT J AU Ryu, HS Hong, KS Lee, JK Kirn, DJ AF Ryu, HS Hong, KS Lee, JK Kirn, DJ TI Variations of structure and composition in magnesium incorporated hydroxyapatite/beta-tricalcium phosphate SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SINTERING BEHAVIOR; BIOCERAMICS; POWDERS; SURGERY; RATIO; HA AB The phase evolution of magnesium incorporated hydroxyapatite/beta-tricalcium phosphate (HA/P-TCP) ceramics of high purity prepared by solid-state reaction was investigated with the aid of x-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy (IR) in transmittance mode analysis. The dependence of the microstructure on the phase evolution of biphasic ceramics during natural sintering was also investigated as a function of MC, content. When sintered at 1100 degrees C, Mg is preferentially incorporated into the beta-TCP phase rather than the HA phase. This Mg incorporation into the beta-TCP effectively Suppresses the phase transition from beta- to alpha-TCP. With increasing sintering temperature, the Solubility limit of the Mg in the beta-TCP decreases and Mg starts to be either incorporated into the HA phase or segregated as free MgO. The decreased Mg content in the beta-TCP facilitates the phase transition from beta- into alpha-TCP, at 1300 degrees C or higher. Different processing methods on Mg addition show that the retarded phase transition from beta- to alpha-TCP is the inherent property of Mg-doped HA/TCP. The variations in processing parameters mainly affect the microstructure instead of the phase evolution, leading to highly densified HA/beta-TCP ceramics. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Bioalpha Inc, Ctr Res & Dev, Seongnam 462807, Kyonggi, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Suwon 440746, South Korea. RP Hong, KS (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM kshongss@plaza.snu.ac.kr NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 21 IS 2 BP 428 EP 436 DI 10.1557/JMR.2006.0049 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 014EN UT WOS:000235462000015 ER PT J AU Lee, MH Sordelet, DJ AF Lee, MH Sordelet, DJ TI Shear localization of nanoscale W in metallic glass composites SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BULK AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; MATRIX COMPOSITES; DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; DYNAMIC DEFORMATION; WARM EXTRUSION; TUNGSTEN; POWDERS; PHASE; MICROSTRUCTURE AB High-density tungsten/metallic glass composites were fabricated by warm extrusion of two different powders. The first powder was a physical blend of -45 mu m tungsten and Hf-based metallic glass powders and produced a relatively coarse distribution of tungsten particles within a continuous Metallic glass matrix. The second powder was synthesized by mechanical milling the -45 mu m tungsten and Hf-based metallic glass powders into composite particles composed of 20-500-nm layers Of tungsten and metallic glass. The amorphous structure of the starting glass powders did not change during milling. Some macroscopic plasticity during compression testing was observed due to the formation of multiple shear bands at the interface between the coarse tungsten particles and the metallic glass matrix in the composite produced from blended powders. In contrast, shear localization Without a decrease in strength occurred uniformly throughout the nano-grained tungsten and metallic glass phases in the sample obtained from extruded composite powders. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sordelet, DJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sordelet@ameslab.gov NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 21 IS 2 BP 492 EP 499 DI 10.1557/JMR.2006.0059 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 014EN UT WOS:000235462000023 ER PT J AU Wittwer, JW Baker, MS Howell, LL AF Wittwer, JW Baker, MS Howell, LL TI Robust design and model validation of nonlinear compliant micromechanisms SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE SENSOR; MEMS; OPTIMIZATION; UNCERTAINTY; RELIABILITY; POLYSILICON; FABRICATION; BEAMS AB Although the use of compliance or elastic flexibility in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) helps eliminate friction, wear, and backlash, compliant MEMS are known to be sensitive to variations in material properties and feature geometry, resulting in large uncertainties in performance. This paper proposes an approach for design stage uncertainty analysis, model validation, and robust optimization of nonlinear MEMS to account for critical process uncertainties including residual stress, layer thicknesses, edge bias, and material stiffness. A fully compliant bistable micromechanism (FCBM) is used as an example, demonstrating that the approach can be used to handle complex devices involving nonlinear finite element models. The general shape of the force-displacement curve is validated by comparing the uncertainty predictions to measurements obtained from in situ force gauges. A robust design is presented, where simulations show that the estimated force variation at the point of interest may be reduced from +/- 47 mu N to +/- 3 mu N. The reduced sensitivity to process variations is experimentally validated by measuring the second stable position at multiple locations on a wafer. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Wittwer, JW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1310, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM lhowell@et.byu.edu RI Howell, Larry/A-6828-2008 OI Howell, Larry/0000-0001-8132-8822 NR 59 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1057-7157 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 15 IS 1 BP 33 EP 41 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2005.859190 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 014BF UT WOS:000235453000004 ER PT J AU Guzman, KAD Karnik, RN Newman, JS Majumdar, A AF Guzman, KAD Karnik, RN Newman, JS Majumdar, A TI Spatially controlled microfluidics using low-voltage electrokinetics SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Ag-AgCl electrodes; electrokinetics; low voltage; microchannels; microfluidics ID CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; FLUID-FLOW; DEVICES; SYSTEMS; DNA; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); ELECTROLYTES; FABRICATION; MICROCHIPS; ELECTRODES AB Most electrokinetic microfluidic devices currently require high voltages (> 50 V) to generate sustained electric fields. However, two long-standing limitations remain, namely: (i) the resulting electrolysis of water produces bubbles, forcing electrodes to be placed in reservoirs outside the channels, and (ii) direct integration with low-voltage microelectronics cannot be achieved. A further limitation is the lack of spatial control within the microchannel. This work presents a method to achieve low-voltage (<= 1 V) electrokinetic transport using micropatterned. Ag-AgCI electrode arrays, which allows spatial flow control within microchannels. We demonstrate bidirectional electrophoretic control of microparticles within microfluidic channels using +/- 1 V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Engn Mech, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Guzman, KAD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kadunphy@berkeley.edu; karnik@me.berkeley.edu; newman@newman.cchem.berkeley.edu; majumdar@me.berkeley.edu NR 37 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1057-7157 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 15 IS 1 BP 237 EP 245 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2005.863789 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 014BF UT WOS:000235453000023 ER PT J AU Joy, DC Joy, CS AF Joy, DC Joy, CS TI Scanning electron microscope imaging in liquids - some data on electron interactions in water SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY-OXFORD LA English DT Article DE backscattering coefficient; electron range; mean ionization potential; secondary electron yield ID LOW-ENERGY ELECTRONS; STOPPING POWER AB The electron backscattering coefficient of liquid water has been determined for electrons in the energy range 15-30 keV using Quantomix(TM) capsules. Values of the mean atomic number for water estimated from a fit to the backscatter yield, the mean ionization potential of water and from Monte Carlo simulations, show that the scattering behaviour of water is not anomalous despite the effects of hydrogen bonding. Computations of the electron range, and of the mean depth for backscattering, in water as a function of incident beam energy show that water and vitreous ice are good media for imaging purposes. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Joy, DC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM djoy@utk.edu NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2720 J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD JI J. Microsc.-Oxf. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 221 BP 84 EP 88 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2006.01548.x PN 2 PG 5 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 027GA UT WOS:000236401200002 PM 16499548 ER PT J AU Brown, WM Martin, S Chabarek, JP Strauss, C Faulon, JL AF Brown, WM Martin, S Chabarek, JP Strauss, C Faulon, JL TI Prediction of beta-strand packing interactions using the signature product SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MODELING LA English DT Article DE beta-sheets; secondary structure prediction; signature descriptor; support vector machine ID PROTEIN-STRUCTURE PREDICTION; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR DESCRIPTOR; ANTIPARALLEL; SHEETS; AGGREGATION; QSAR AB The prediction of beta-sheet topology requires the consideration of long-range interactions between beta-strands that are not necessarily consecutive in sequence. Since these interactions are difficult to simulate using ab initio methods, we propose a supplementary method able to assign beta-sheet topology using only sequence information. We envision using the results of our method to reduce the three-dimensional search space of ab initio methods. Our method is based on the signature molecular descriptor, which has been used previously to predict protein-protein interactions successfully, and to develop quantitative structure-activity relationships for small organic drugs and peptide inhibitors. Here, we show how the signature descriptor can be used in a Support Vector Machine to predict whether or not two beta-strands will pack adjacently within a protein. We then show how these predictions can be used to order beta-strands within beta-sheets. Using the entire PDB database with ten-fold cross-validation, we have achieved 74.0% accuracy in packing prediction and 75.6% accuracy in the prediction of edge strands. For the case of beta-strand ordering, we are able to predict the correct ordering accurately for 51.3% of the beta-sheets. Furthermore, using a simple confidence metric, we can determine those sheets for which accurate predictions can be obtained. For the top 25% highest confidence predictions, we are able to achieve 95.7% accuracy in beta-strand ordering. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Martin, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 9212,POB 5800,MS 310, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM smartin@sandia.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1610-2940 J9 J MOL MODEL JI J. Mol. Model. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 12 IS 3 BP 355 EP 361 DI 10.1007/s00894-005-0052-4 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 018HY UT WOS:000235756300012 PM 16365772 ER PT J AU Craig, NC Moore, MC Patchen, AK Sams, RL AF Craig, NC Moore, MC Patchen, AK Sams, RL TI Analysis of rotational structure in the high-resolution infrared spectrum and assignment of vibrational fundamentals of butadiene-2,3-C-13(2) SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE butadiene-2,3-C-13(2), high-resolution infrared; Raman; rotational constants; vibrational fundamentals, assigned and calculated ID BANDS; SPECTROSCOPY; REFINEMENT AB The 2,3-C-13(2) isotopomer of butadiene was synthesized, and its fundamental vibrational fundamentals were assigned from a study of its infrared and Raman spectra aided with quantum chemical predictions of frequencies, intensities, and Raman depolarization ratios. For two C-type bands in the high-resolution (0.002 cm(-1)) infrared spectrum., the rotational structure was analyzed. These bands are for nu(11)(a(u)) at 907.17 cm(-1) and for nu(12)(a(u)) at 523.37 cm(-1). Ground state and upper state rotational constants were fitted to Watson-type Hamiltonians with a full quartic set of centrifugal distortion constants and two sextic ones. For the ground state, A(0) = 1.3545088(7) cm(-1), B-0 = 0.1469404(1) cm(-1), and C-0 = 0.1325838(2) cm(-1). The small inertial defects of butadiene and two C-13(2) isotopomers, as well as for five deuterium isotopomers as previously reported, confirm the planarity of the s-trans rotamer of butadiene. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Oberlin Coll, Dept Chem, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Craig, NC (reprint author), Oberlin Coll, Dept Chem, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. EM norm.craig@oberlin.edu NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 235 IS 2 BP 181 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2005.11.002 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 018DQ UT WOS:000235744400005 ER PT J AU Barr, JL Axelbaum, RL Macias, ME AF Barr, JL Axelbaum, RL Macias, ME TI Processing salt-encapsulated tantalum nanoparticles for high purity, ultra high surface area applications SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aerosols; combustion synthesis; encapsulation; flame reactor; nanopowders ID PARTICLES; POWDERS AB In this study a process for removing the protective encapsulate from salt encapsulated nanopowders has been developed and tested for tantalum nanopowder produced by sodium/halide gas-phase combustion synthesis. A sodium/halide flame can be used to produce salt-encapsulated nanoparticles for many metal and nonoxide ceramic materials. The salt encapsulate allows for control of size and morphology, and protects the core particles from oxygen contamination. Without a protective coating, non-oxide nanopowders can be pyrophoric or form a surface oxide. Despite the beneficial attributes of the NaCl encapsulate, it can also be a source of contamination. Thus, a method by which the encapsulate can be removed and the exposed particles subsequently processed without exposure to environmental contamination was developed. A two step process was developed, where the bulk of the salt is sublimed from the core particles at 880 degrees C and directed out of the system with an inert gas flow followed by a vacuum sublimation at temperatures at or greater than 1200 degrees C for 120 min. These conditions reduced Na and Cl concentrations to below detectable limits of their respective analyses (5 ppm Na and 20 ppm Cl). Heat treating the core particles for 120 min at 1200 degrees C, 1400 degrees C and 1600 degrees C coarsened the particles from 30 nm to approximately 250 nm, 400 nm and 3 mu m, respectively. At 1600 degrees C a fully dense Ta consolidate was produced by applying a uniaxial load of 45 MPa pressure for 210 min. C1 Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. MSC Software Corp, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Barr, JL (reprint author), Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM jonathan.barr@pnl.gov NR 20 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 8 IS 1 BP 11 EP 22 DI 10.1007/s11051-005-8336-2 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 044BZ UT WOS:000237648500002 ER PT J AU Cui, XL Engelhard, MH Lin, YH AF Cui, XL Engelhard, MH Lin, YH TI Preparation, characterization and anion exchange properties of polypyrrole/carbon nanotube nanocomposites SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE electrosynthesis; polypyrrole; carbon nanotube; electrically switched anion exchange; perchlorate ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBE; SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID; ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITANCE; PALLADIUM NANOPARTICLES; HYBRID MATERIALS; ION-TRANSPORT; FUEL-CELLS; POLYANILINE; FILMS AB In this study, polypyrrole (PPy) thin films were electrodeposited on carbon nanotube (CNT) backbones by applying a constant deposition potential in 0.1 M pyrrole solution with different electrolytes, such as NaCl, NaNO3, or NaClO4. The hybrid films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. SEM images revealed the nanostructrure of PPy films generated on CNT surface. The electrochemical and anion exchange properties of the PPy-CNT composite films have been investigated. Nanostructured composite thin films of PPy-CNTs were studied by cyclic voltammetry between 0.4 and -0.8 V in aqueous solution to evaluate their cycling stability and capacity for electrically switched anion exchange. The presence of the CNT backbone greatly improved the anion exchange capacity and stability of the PPy-CNT composite film, which may be attributed to the high surface area of CNT matrix, nanostructure of the PPy film, and the interaction between CNTs and PPy. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lin, YH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011; OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 55 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 6 IS 2 BP 547 EP 553 DI 10.1166/jnn.2006.122 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 014ZX UT WOS:000235522800037 PM 16573059 ER PT J AU Fulton, JL Matson, DW Pecher, KH Amonette, JE Linehan, JC AF Fulton, JL Matson, DW Pecher, KH Amonette, JE Linehan, JC TI Metal-based nanoparticle synthesis from the rapid expansion of carbon dioxide solutions SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nanomaterials; coatings; deposition; supercritical fluids; nucleation ID SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID SOLUTIONS; SONOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS; IRON AB Synthesis of 10 to 500 nm diameter Fe-based nanoparticles is described. Nanometer-sized droplets of iron carbonyl are generated by the rapid expansion Of CO2-based supercritical fluid solutions and are photolyzed in-flight using a UV lamp to remove the carbonyl groups. Solid metal particles are collected electrostatically as coatings or loose particle aggregates on solid surfaces. Upon air oxidation, the iron particles react rapidly to produce an iron oxide phase. Mo-based nanoparticles were similarly produced using a MO(Co)(6) precursor. FTIR analysis of collected nanoparticles suggests that carbonyl groups are more readily photolyzed from the Fe precursor than from the Mo analog. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fulton, JL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 6 IS 2 BP 562 EP 567 DI 10.1166/jnn.2006.100 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 014ZX UT WOS:000235522800040 PM 16573062 ER PT J AU Antony, J Qiang, Y Baer, DR Wang, CM AF Antony, J Qiang, Y Baer, DR Wang, CM TI Synthesis and characterization of stable iron-iron oxide core-shell nanoclusters for environmental applications SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE core-shell; iron-iron oxide; nanoclusters; synthesis; TEM; XPS ID CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; NANOPARTICLES; DEGRADATION; PARTICLES; KINETICS; METAL AB Iron-iron oxide core-shell nanoclusters are of great interest due to their potential applications as a remedy for environmental contamination. We report the room-temperature synthesis of core-shell iron-iron oxide nanoclusters using our novel cluster deposition system. Various types of measurements such as Transmission Electron Microscopy, X-ray Diffraction, X-ray Photon Spectroscopy, and Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy are conducted in characterizing nanoclusters. Stable, monodispersive iron-iron oxide core-shell nanocrystals are identified. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Qiang, Y (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RI Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013 OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR016454] NR 19 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 6 IS 2 BP 568 EP 572 DI 10.1166/jnn.2006.074 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 014ZX UT WOS:000235522800041 PM 16573063 ER PT J AU Fan, C Kecskes, LJ Qiao, DC Choo, H Liaw, PK AF Fan, C Kecskes, LJ Qiao, DC Choo, H Liaw, PK TI Properties of as-cast and structurally relaxed Zr-based bulk metallic glasses SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE amorphous metals; metallic glasses; alloys; mechanical properties; strength; structural relaxation ID AL AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOCRYSTALLINE COMPOSITES; FORMING ABILITY; PARTICLES; STRENGTH; NB; PRECIPITATION; COMPOUND; BEHAVIOR AB We have studied the influence of the arc melting procedure of Nb-containing Zr-based bulk metallic glasses(BMGs) on their thermal and mechanical properties. We found that the strength and plastic strain to failure, determined at room temperature. increases by the addition of a few percentage of Nb into the Zr-based BMGs. High-resolution transmission-electron microscopy results Show that the addition of 2 at.% Nb introduces the formation of as-cast nanocrystals. At the same time, thermal analyses indicate an increase in glass forming ability with the small addition of Nb. Contrary to the reported results in other amorphous alloys. we found that the plastic strain increases further after heat-induced structural relaxation in the Zr-based BMGs. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fan, C (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM cfan@utk.edu RI Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009; Kecskes, Laszlo/F-6880-2014 OI Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907; Kecskes, Laszlo/0000-0002-1342-3729 NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 352 IS 2 BP 174 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2005.11.016 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 007IT UT WOS:000234963000012 ER PT J AU Singh, D Mandalika, VR Parulekar, SJ Wagh, AS AF Singh, D Mandalika, VR Parulekar, SJ Wagh, AS TI Magnesium potassium phosphate ceramic for Tc-99 immobilization SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SYNROC AB Technetium-99, present in the US Department of Energy's (DOE) high-level waste (HLW) as a by-product of fission reactions, poses a serious environmental threat because it has a long half-life, is highly mobile in its soluble Tc7+ oxidation state and is volatile at high temperatures. Magnesium potassium phosphate (MKP) ceramics have been developed to treat Tc-99 that has been partitioned and eluted from simulated high-level tank wastes by means of sorption processes. Waste forms were fabricated by adding MKP binder and a reducing agent (SnCl2) to the Tc-99-containing aqueous waste. In addition, waste forms were fabricated by first precipitating Tc-99 from the waste and subsequently solidifying it in MKP. Tc-99 loadings in the waste forms were as high as 900 ppm by weight. Waste form performance was established through various strength, leaching, and durability tests. Long-term leaching studies, as per the ANS 16.1 procedure, showed leachability indices between I I and 14 for Tc-99 under ambient conditions. The normalized leach rate for Tc-99, according to the product consistency test, was as low as 1.1 X 10(-3) g/m(2) d. The waste forms exhibited a compressive strength of approximate to 30 MPa and were durable in an aqueous environment. Containment of Tc-99 in MKP ceramics is believed to be due to a combination of appropriate reducing environment (determined from Eh-pH measurements) and microencapsulation in a dense matrix. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IIT, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Wagh, AS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dsingh@inl.gov; wagh@anl.gov OI Wagh, Arun/0000-0002-8678-7574 NR 29 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 348 IS 3 BP 272 EP 282 DI 10.1016/jjnucmat.2005.09.026 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 006LX UT WOS:000234900100005 ER PT J AU Darsell, JT Weil, KS AF Darsell, JT Weil, KS TI Effect of Pd additions on the invariant reactions in the Ag-CuOx system SO JOURNAL OF PHASE EQUILIBRIA AND DIFFUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on User Aspects of Phase Diagrams, Material Solutions Conference and Exposition CY OCT 18-20, 2004 CL Columbus, OH SP ASM DE eutectic composition; eutectic temperature; palladium-silver-copper oxide pseudoternary system ID SUBSOLIDUS PHASE-RELATIONS; SILVER; OXYGEN; OXIDATION; OXIDES; SAUERSTOFF; PALLADIUM; PRESSURE; DIAGRAM; ALUMINA AB Palladium was added as a ternary component to a series of copper oxide-silver alloys in an effort to increase the use temperature of these materials for potential ceramic brazing applications. Phase equilibria at low palladium and copper oxide concentrations in the Pd-CuOx-Ag system were determined experimentally using differential scanning calorimetry, microstructural analysis, and x-ray diffraction. Small additions of palladium were generally found to increase the temperature of the eutectic reaction present in the pseudobinary system but have little effect on a higher temperature monotectic reaction. However once enough palladium was added (similar to 5 mol%) to increase the new eutectic temperature to that of the original pseudobinary monotectic reaction, the pseudoternary monotectic temperature correspondingly began to move upward as well. The addition of palladium also forced the eutectic point to slightly lower silver concentrations, again causing a convergence with the former monotectic line. C1 Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Darsell, JT (reprint author), Washington State Univ, POB 642920, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1547-7037 J9 J PHASE EQUILIB DIFF JI J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 27 IS 1 BP 92 EP 101 DI 10.1361/105497106X92862 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 010GI UT WOS:000235174800012 ER PT J AU Samolyuk, GD Bud'ko, SL Morosan, E Antropov, VP Canfield, PC AF Samolyuk, GD Bud'ko, SL Morosan, E Antropov, VP Canfield, PC TI Electronic structure and anisotropic transport properties in hexagonal YPtIn and LuAgGe ternary compounds SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID FE2P-TYPE STRUCTURE; YBPTIN; RH AB We present anisotropic, zero applied magnetic field, temperature-dependent resistivity measurements on hexagonal, non-magnetic YPtIn and LuAgGe single crystals. For these materials the in-plane resistivity, rho(ab), is significantly higher than the c-axis one, rho(c) with rho(ab)/rho(c) approximate to 1.4 for YPtIn and approximate to 4.2-4.7 for LuAgGe. The connection between the electronic structure and the anisotropic transport properties is discussed using density functional calculations that link the observed anisotropy with a specific shape of Fermi surface and anisotropy of the Fermi velocities. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Samolyuk, GD (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 4 BP 1473 EP 1482 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/18/4/030 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 010VM UT WOS:000235226000032 ER PT J AU Binekruy, P Kane, GL Lykken, J Nelson, BD AF Binekruy, P Kane, GL Lykken, J Nelson, BD TI Twenty-five questions for string theorists SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING TERMS; CONTINUOUS WILSON LINES; GRAND UNIFIED THEORIES; ANOMALOUS U(1); MU-PROBLEM; MODELS; UNIFICATION; ORBIFOLD; CONSTRUCTION; SYMMETRIES AB In an effort to promote communication between the formal and phenomenological branches of the high-energy theory community, we provide a description of some important issues in supersymmetric and string phenomenology. We describe each within the context of string constructions, illustrating them with specific examples where applicable. Each topic culminates in a set of questions that we believe are amenable to direct consideration by string theorists, and whose answers we think could help connect string theory and phenomenology. C1 Univ Paris 11, LPT, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Michigan, Randall Lab, Michigan Ctr Theoret Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. RP Binekruy, P (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, LPT, Bat 210, F-91405 Orsay, France. EM bnelson@sage.hep.upenn.edu NR 74 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 32 IS 2 BP 129 EP 149 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/32/2/006 PG 21 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 016NM UT WOS:000235626900007 ER PT J AU Callister, SJ Barry, RC Adkins, JN Johnson, ET Qian, WJ Webb-Robertson, BJM Smith, RD Lipton, MS AF Callister, SJ Barry, RC Adkins, JN Johnson, ET Qian, WJ Webb-Robertson, BJM Smith, RD Lipton, MS TI Normalization approaches for removing systematic biases associated with mass spectrometry and label-free proteomics SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE proteomics; normalization; relative quantification; Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS); extraneous variability; bias ID COMPLEX PROTEIN MIXTURES; CDNA MICROARRAY DATA; QUALITY-CONTROL; QUANTITATION; PERFORMANCE; EXPRESSION; STANDARDS; GENES; TAGS AB Central tendency, linear regression, locally weighted regression, and quantile techniques were investigated for normalization of peptide abundance measurements obtained from high-throughput liquid chromatography-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (LC-FTICR MS). Arbitrary abundances of peptides were obtained from three sample sets, including a standard protein sample, two Deinococcus radiodurans samples taken from different growth phases, and two mouse striatum samples from control and methamphetamine-stressed mice (strain C57BL/6). The selected normalization techniques were evaluated in both the absence and presence of biological variability by estimating extraneous variability prior to and following normalization. Prior to normalization, replicate runs from each sample set were observed to be statistically different, while following normalization replicate runs were no longer statistically different. Although all techniques reduced systematic bias to some degree, assigned ranks among the techniques revealed that for most LC-FTICR-MS analyses linear regression normalization ranked either first or second. However, the lack of a definitive trend among the techniques suggested the need for additional investigation into adapting normalization approaches for label-free proteomics. Nevertheless, this study serves as an important step for evaluating approaches that address systematic biases related to relative quantification and label-free proteomics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lipton, MS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mary.lipton@pnl.gov RI Qian, Weijun/C-6167-2011; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Adkins, Joshua/B-9881-2013 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Adkins, Joshua/0000-0003-0399-0700 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR018522, RR 018522] NR 31 TC 154 Z9 159 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 5 IS 2 BP 277 EP 286 DI 10.1021/pr050300l PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 012DE UT WOS:000235317600008 PM 16457593 ER PT J AU VerBerkmoes, NC Shah, MB Lankford, PK Pelletier, DA Strader, MB Tabb, DL McDonald, WH Barton, JW Hurst, GB Hauser, L Davison, BH Beatty, JT Harwood, CS Tabita, FR Hettich, RL Larimer, FW AF VerBerkmoes, NC Shah, MB Lankford, PK Pelletier, DA Strader, MB Tabb, DL McDonald, WH Barton, JW Hurst, GB Hauser, L Davison, BH Beatty, JT Harwood, CS Tabita, FR Hettich, RL Larimer, FW TI Determination and comparison of the baseline proteomes of the versatile microbe Rhodopseudomonas palustris under its major metabolic states SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Rhodopseudomonas palustris; metabolic growth states; liquid-chromatography; mass spectrometry; proteomics ID ANAEROBIC BENZOATE DEGRADATION; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS; SHOTGUN PROTEOMICS; STATISTICAL-MODEL; GENOME SEQUENCE; YEAST PROTEOME; AMINO-ACID; TOP-DOWN AB Rhodopseudomonas palustris is a purple nonsulfur anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium that is ubiquitous in soil and water. R. palustris is metabolically versatile with respect to energy generation and carbon and nitrogen metabolism. We have characterized and compared the baseline proteome of a R. palustris wild-type strain grown under six metabolic conditions. The methodology for proteome analysis involved protein fractionation by centrifugation, subsequent digestion with trypsin, and analysis of peptides by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Using these methods, we identified 1664 proteins out of 4836 predicted proteins with conservative filtering constraints. A total of 107 novel hypothetical proteins and 218 conserved hypothetical proteins were detected. Qualitative analyses revealed over 311 proteins exhibiting marked differences between conditions, many of these being hypothetical or conserved hypothetical proteins showing strong correlations with different metabolic modes. For example, five proteins encoded by genes from a novel operon appeared only after anaerobic growth with no evidence of these proteins in extracts of aerobically grown cells. Proteins known to be associated with specialized growth states such as nitrogen fixation, photoautotrophic, or growth on benzoate, were observed to be up-regulated under those states. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Grad Sch Genome Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP VerBerkmoes, NC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM verberkmoesn@ornl.gov RI Pelletier, Dale/F-4154-2011; Hauser, Loren/H-3881-2012; Davison, Brian/D-7617-2013; McDonald, W. Hayes/B-4109-2016; Hettich, Robert/N-1458-2016 OI Hurst, Gregory/0000-0002-7650-8009; Davison, Brian/0000-0002-7408-3609; McDonald, W. Hayes/0000-0002-3510-426X; Hettich, Robert/0000-0001-7708-786X NR 39 TC 49 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 5 IS 2 BP 287 EP 298 DI 10.1021/pr0503230 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 012DE UT WOS:000235317600009 PM 16457594 ER PT J AU Wang, HX Qian, WJ Chin, MH Petyuk, VA Barry, RC Liu, T Gritsenko, MA Mottaz, HM Moore, RJ Camp, DG Khan, AH Smith, DJ Smith, RD AF Wang, HX Qian, WJ Chin, MH Petyuk, VA Barry, RC Liu, T Gritsenko, MA Mottaz, HM Moore, RJ Camp, DG Khan, AH Smith, DJ Smith, RD TI Characterization of the mouse brain proteome using global proteomic analysis complemented with cysteinyl-peptide enrichment SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cysteinyl-peptide enrichment; mass spectrometry; mouse brain proteome; protein categorization; proteome coverage ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; RAT-BRAIN; POSTSYNAPTIC DENSITY; MODEL; NEURODEGENERATION; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; ORGANISMS AB We report a global proteomic approach for analyzing brain tissue and for the first time a comprehensive characterization of the whole mouse brain proteome. Preparation of the whole brain sample incorporated a highly efficient cysteinyl-peptide enrichment (CPE) technique to complement a global enzymatic digestion method. Both the global and the cysteinyl-enriched peptide samples were analyzed by SCX fractionation coupled with reversed phase LC-MS/MS analysis. A total of 48 328 different peptides were confidently identified (> 98% confidence level), covering 7792 nonredundant proteins (similar to 34% of the predicted mouse proteome). A total of 1564 and 1859 proteins were identified exclusively from the cysteinyl-peptide and the global peptide samples, respectively, corresponding to 25% and 31% improvements in proteome coverage compared to analysis of only the global peptide or cysteinyl-peptide samples. The identified proteins provide a broad representation of the mouse proteome with little bias evident due to protein pI, molecular weight, and/or cellular localization. Approximately 26% of the identified proteins with gene ontology (GO) annotations were membrane proteins, with 1447 proteins predicted to have transmembrane domains, and many of the membrane proteins were found to be involved in transport and cell signaling. The MS/MS spectrum count information for the identified proteins was used to provide a measure of relative protein abundances. The mouse brain peptide/protein database generated from this study represents the most comprehensive proteome coverage for the mammalian brain to date, and the basis for future quantitative brain proteomic studies using mouse models. The proteomic approach presented here may have broad applications for rapid proteomic analyses of various mouse models of human brain diseases. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Biol Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Biol Sci Div, POB 999,MSIN K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Qian, Weijun/C-6167-2011; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Liu, Tao/A-9020-2013; OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Liu, Tao/0000-0001-9529-6550; Petyuk, Vladislav/0000-0003-4076-151X FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR018522, RR018522]; NIDA NIH HHS [R01 DA015802]; NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS050148] NR 43 TC 106 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 5 IS 2 BP 361 EP 369 DI 10.1021/pr0503681 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 012DE UT WOS:000235317600017 PM 16457602 ER PT J AU Simon, SL Beck, HL Gordeev, K Bouville, A Anspaugh, LR Land, CE Luckyanov, N Shinkarev, S AF Simon, SL Beck, HL Gordeev, K Bouville, A Anspaugh, LR Land, CE Luckyanov, N Shinkarev, S TI External dose estimates for Dolon village: Application of the US/Russian joint methodology SO JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Dosimetry Workshop on the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site Area CY MAR 09-11, 2005 CL Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima, JAPAN HO Hiroshima Univ ID FALLOUT AB Methods to estimate external dose from radioactive fallout from nuclear tests have for many years depended on two types of data: measurements of exposure rate in air and an empirically derived power function to describe the change in exposure rate with time, Over the last four years, a working group with American and Russian participation has developed a bi-national joint methodology that offers an improved capability for estimating external dose. In this method, external dose is estimated using exposure rate functions derived from data from American nuclear tests similar in construction to SNTS (Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site) devices. For example, in this paper, we derive doses for test #1 (August 29, 1949) at the SNTS using an exposure rate function for the U.S. TRINITY test. For the case of test #1, the average external dose for a person in Dolon is estimated to have been about 0.5 Gy compared to 1 to 2 Gy estimated in other work. This prediction agrees better with reported EPR measurements in teeth from village residents and with measurements of TL signals in bricks from Dolon buildings. This report presents the basic elements of the joint methodology model for estimation of external dose received from SNTS fallout. C1 NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US DOE, Environm Measurements Lab, New York, NY 10014 USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Minist Publ Hlth Russia, Inst Biophys, Moscow, Russia. RP Simon, SL (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM ssimon@mail.nih.gov RI Shinkarev, Sergey /B-3254-2017 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU JAPAN RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI CHIBA PA C/O NAT INST RADIOLOGICAL SCI 9-1 ANAGAWA-4-CHOME INAGE-KU, CHIBA, 263, JAPAN SN 0449-3060 J9 J RADIAT RES JI J. Radiat. Res. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 47 SU A BP A143 EP A147 DI 10.1269/jrr.47.A143 PG 5 WC Biology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 043KL UT WOS:000237599800020 PM 16571929 ER PT J AU Zhang, LB Hua, BL Calandra, H Rector, JW Hoversten, M AF Zhang, LB Hua, BL Calandra, H Rector, JW Hoversten, M TI 3D Fourier finite-difference common azimuth depth migration SO JOURNAL OF SEISMIC EXPLORATION LA English DT Article DE Fourier finite-difference; common azimuth; depth migration AB We present a Fourier finite-difference common azimuth depth migration method. Like the Fourier finite-difference (FFD) method, the exact operator for the downward continuation is split into three operators: a phase-shift operator, the first-order correction term of the split-step Fourier migration method and the new finite-difference term. It can provide an accurate image in large lateral velocity contrast model. A complex treatment of the propagation operator can be applied to mitigate inaccuracies and instabilities due to evanescent waves. Tests on synthetic and field datasets show that the method improves the image quality. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Total E&P USA Inc, Houston, TX USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, LB (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lbzhang@lbl.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOPHYSICAL PRESS PI CASTELNAU-LE-LEZ PA 14 RUE DU PRADO, 34170 CASTELNAU-LE-LEZ, FRANCE SN 0963-0651 J9 J SEISM EXPLOR JI J. Seism Explor. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 14 IS 4 BP 287 EP 294 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 022ND UT WOS:000236061600001 ER PT J AU Elias, G Bauer, WF AF Elias, G Bauer, WF TI Hydrazine determination in sludge samples by high-performance liquid chromatography SO JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE benzaldehyde; high-performance liquid chromatography; hydrazine; hydrazone; sludge ID 1,1-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE AB A relatively simple and cost-effective method utilizing HPLC with UV detection was developed to detect and quantify hydrazine in sludge samples. The method was developed primarily for sludge samples, but it can also be applicable to soil and other environmental samples. The hydrazines in the matrices were derivatized to hydrazones with benzaldehyde. The hydrazones were separated using HPLC with an RP C-18 column in an isocratic mode with methanol-water (95:5 v/v) and detected with UV detection at 313 nm. The detection limit (25 mu L injection) for the method is 0.02 mu g/mL of hydrazine. C1 Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Analyt Chem & Instrumentat Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Elias, G (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Analyt Chem & Instrumentat Dept, Mail Stop 2213, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM gracy.elias@inl.gov RI Bauer, William/B-8357-2016 OI Bauer, William/0000-0002-7190-9700 NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9306 J9 J SEP SCI JI J. Sep. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 29 IS 3 BP 460 EP 464 DI 10.1002/jscc.200500380 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 019DH UT WOS:000235815300017 PM 16544889 ER PT J AU Blake, DM Moens, L Rudnicki, D Pilath, H AF Blake, DM Moens, L Rudnicki, D Pilath, H TI Lifetime of imidazolium salts at elevated temperatures SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE imidazolium salt; heat transfer fluid; thermal storage; solar thermal electricity ID IONIC LIQUIDS AB This report summarizes progress to date on the thermal stability of imidazolium salts being considered for application as heat transfer and thermal storage fluids in solar parabolic trough power systems. Imidazolium salts are a subset of the general class of molten salts. They are termed ionic liquids because many have freezing points at or below room temperature. This class of salts was selected for initial study, because there were many examples that were reported to be stable at high temperatures. These reports were usually based on the results of standard thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) methods. Work by our subcontractor at the University of Alabama and at NREL showed that slow heating rates or when the temperature is held constant,for long times resulted in decomposition temperatures that are much lower than those found with the usual TGA methods. We have used a TGA technique that allows calculation of the rates of thermal decomposition as a function of temperature. The results lead us to the conclusion that the imidazolium salts known to be the most thermally stable would not have useful lifetimes above about 200 degrees C. At present this determination is based on the rough approximation that the fluid in a solar trough system experiences a constant, high temperature. Better estimates of the useful lifetime will require a system model that takes into account the time at temperature distribution of a fluid moving through the different components in a solar plant. C1 NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Blake, DM (reprint author), NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Dan_blake@nrel.gov NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 15 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD FEB PY 2006 VL 128 IS 1 BP 54 EP 57 DI 10.1115/1.2148976 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 012ZX UT WOS:000235380500010 ER PT J AU Bewley, MC Graziano, V Griffin, K Flanagan, JM AF Bewley, MC Graziano, V Griffin, K Flanagan, JM TI The asymmetry in the mature amino-terminus of ClpP facilitates a local symmetry match in ClpAP and ClpXP complexes SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ClpP; ClpAP; ClpXP; symmetry mismatch; 26S proteasome; energy-dependent proteolysis ID ATP-DEPENDENT PROTEASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; EUKARYOTIC PROTEASOME; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CHAPERONE CLPA; 20S PROTEASOME; DEGRADATION; TRANSLOCATION; RESOLUTION; BINDING AB ClpP is a self-compartmentalized proteolytic assembly comprised of two, stacked, heptameric rings that, when associated with its cognate hexameric ATPase (ClpA or ClpX), form the ClpAP and ClpXP ATP-dependent protease, respectively. The symmetry mismatch is an absolute feature of this large energy-dependent protease and also of the proteasome, which shares a similar barrel-shaped architecture, but how it is accommodated within the complex has yet to be understood, despite recent structural investigations, due in part to the conformational lability of the N-termini. We present the structures of Escherichia coli ClpP to 1.9 angstrom and an inactive variant that provide some clues for how this might be achieved. In the wild type protein, the highly conserved N-terminal 20 residues can be grouped into two major structural classes. In the first, a loop formed by residues 10 15 protrudes out of the central access channel extending similar to 12-15 angstrom from the surface of the oligomer resulting in the closing of the access channel observed in one ring. Similar loops are implied to be exclusively observed in human ClpP and a variant of ClpP from Streptococcus pneumoniae. In the other ring, a second class of loop is visible in the structure of wt ClpP from E coli that forms closer to residue 16 and faces toward the interior of the molecule creating an open conformation of the access channel. In both classes, residues 18 20 provide a conserved interaction surface. In the inactive variant, a third class of N-terminal conformation is observed, which arises from a conformational change in the position of F17. We have performed a detailed functional analysis on each of the first 20 amino acid residues of ClpP. Residues that extend beyond the plane of the molecule (10 15) have a lesser effect on ATPase interaction than those lining the pore (1-7 and 16-20). Based upon our structure function analysis, we present a model to explain the widely disparate effects of individual residues on ClpP- ATPase complex formation and also a possible functional reason for this mismatch. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Coll Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Flanagan, JM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Coll Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, POB 850, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. EM jflanagan@psu.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR012408]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM057390-04A1, R01 GM057390] NR 45 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 153 IS 2 BP 113 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.jsb.2005.09.011 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 013DJ UT WOS:000235389500002 PM 16406682 ER PT J AU Pokroy, B Fitch, AN Lee, PL Quintana, JP Caspi, EN Zolotoyabko, E AF Pokroy, B Fitch, AN Lee, PL Quintana, JP Caspi, EN Zolotoyabko, E TI Anisotropic lattice distortions in the mollusk-made aragonite: A widespread phenomenon SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomineralization; aragonite; biogenic crystals; lattice distortions; high-resolution powder diffraction; synchrotron radiation; Rietveld refinement ID RESOLUTION; DIFFRACTION AB In this paper, we present experimental results demonstrating systematic structural distinctions between biogenic and non-biogenic calcium carbonate. Specifically we show, by high-resolution X-ray powder diffraction on dedicated synchrotron beam lines, that the orthorhombic unit cell of the mollusk-made aragonite is anisotropically distorted as compared with that one of geological aragonite. In all investigated shells, belonging to different classes (bivalve, gastropod, and cephalopod) and taken from different habitat origins (sea, fresh water, and land), the maximum elongation of about 0.1-0.2% was found along the c-axis. The lattice distortions along the a-axis were also of the positive sign (elongation) but lower than those along the c-axis, whereas lattice distortions along the b-axis were always negative (contraction). Supporting experiments, including structural analysis after a bleach procedure, measurements of temperature-dependent lattice relaxation, measurements of the CO2 release at elevated temperatures, signify that the observed structural distinctions are most probably caused by the organic molecules intercalating into the aragonite lattice during biomineralization. Our findings show that in some sense organisms control the atomic structure of the crystals. Deeper understanding of this phenomenon will aid in the development of new approaches to grow biomimetic composites and tailor their properties on a molecular level. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Mat Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, APS Operat Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Nucl Res Ctr Negev, Dept Phys, IL-84190 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Pokroy, B (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Mat Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. EM bpokroy@tx.technion.ac.il RI Pokroy, Boaz/C-8878-2011 NR 18 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 31 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 153 IS 2 BP 145 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.jsb.2005.10.009 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 013DJ UT WOS:000235389500004 PM 16403651 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, BJ Kalinin, SV Shin, J Jesse, S Grichko, V Thundat, T Baddorf, AP Gruverman, A AF Rodriguez, BJ Kalinin, SV Shin, J Jesse, S Grichko, V Thundat, T Baddorf, AP Gruverman, A TI Electromechanical imaging of biomaterials by scanning probe microscopy SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE scanning probe microscopy; piezoresponse force microscopy; nanoscale; piezoelectricity; calcified tissues; connective tissues ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; COLLAGEN FIBER ORIENTATION; FORCE MICROSCOPY; BIOLOGICAL-MATERIALS; BONE; PIEZOELECTRICITY; CERAMICS; DENTIN; RECONSTRUCTION; MINERALIZATION AB The majority of calcified and connective tissues possess complex hierarchical structure spanning the length scales from nanometers to millimeters. Understanding the biological functionality of these materials requires reliable methods for structural imaging on the nano-scale. Here, we demonstrate an approach for electromechanical imaging of the structure of biological samples on the length scales from tens of microns to nanometers using piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM), which utilizes the intrinsic piezoelectricity of biopolymers such as proteins and polysaccharides as the basis for high-resolution imaging. Nanostructural imaging of a variety of protein-based materials, including tooth, antler, and cartilage, is demonstrated. Visualization of protein fibrils with sub-10 nm spatial resolution in a human tooth is achieved. Given the near-ubiquitous presence of piezoelectricity in biological systems, PFM is suggested as a versatile tool for micro- and nanostructural imaging in both connective and calcified tissues. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biochem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Kalinin, SV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM riguezbj@ornl.go; serge12@ornl.gov; alexei_gruverman@ncsu.edu RI Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012; Rodriguez, Brian/A-6253-2009; Gruverman, alexei/P-3537-2014; Jesse, Stephen/D-3975-2016; Baddorf, Arthur/I-1308-2016 OI Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152; Rodriguez, Brian/0000-0001-9419-2717; Gruverman, alexei/0000-0003-0492-2750; Jesse, Stephen/0000-0002-1168-8483; Baddorf, Arthur/0000-0001-7023-2382 NR 42 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 153 IS 2 BP 151 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.jsb.2005.10.008 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 013DJ UT WOS:000235389500005 PM 16403652 ER PT J AU Henry, MC Yonker, CR AF Henry, MC Yonker, CR TI Bronsted acid catalyzed dehydration of neat supercritical tert-butanol in a capillary micro-reactor SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE supercritical; butanol; dehydration; 2-methyl-propene; catalysis ID COMPRESSED LIQUID WATER; BUTYL ALCOHOL; MECHANISM; KINETICS; HOT; TEMPERATURE; ETHANOL; ETHER AB Dehydration of supercritical t-butanol to yield 2-methyl-propene was observed to occur rapidly and in high yield at elevated pressures without addition of a catalyst. A capillary micro-reactor was used to carry out the reaction at pressures up to 3.1 kbar. The products were characterized in situ using FTIR and NMR and confirmed using GC-MS. The dehydration reaction is proposed to occur by a self-catalyzed Bronsted acid mechanism. An addition driving force for the reaction was the phase separation of the 2-methyl-propene product. Self-catalyzed dehydration of t-butanol is a limiting factor for operations in supercritical t-butanol, but it implies the t-butanol may be employed as a self-neutralizing catalyst under these conditions. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Yonker, CR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 999,MS P8-19, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM clem.yonker@pnl.gov NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0896-8446 J9 J SUPERCRIT FLUID JI J. Supercrit. Fluids PD FEB PY 2006 VL 37 IS 1 BP 102 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.supflu.2005.08.006 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 004XN UT WOS:000234786100010 ER PT J AU Amin, K von Laszewski, G Hategan, M Al-Ali, R Rana, O Walker, D AF Amin, K von Laszewski, G Hategan, M Al-Ali, R Rana, O Walker, D TI An abstraction model for a Grid execution framework SO JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Euromicro Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing CY FEB 11-13, 2004 CL Coruna, SPAIN DE Grid computing; Java CoG kit; Grid abstractions; Grid execution patterns; Grid quality-of-service (QoS) AB Computational Grids have been identified as one of the paradigms revolutionizing the discipline of distributed computing. The contributions within the Grid community have resulted in new Grid technologies and continuous improvements to Grid standards and protocols. Though crucial to the success of the Grid approach, such an incremental evolution of Grid standards has become a primary cause of frustration for scientific and commercial application communities aspiring to adopt the Grid paradigm. Motivated by our rich experience and the need to decouple the application development and the Grid technology development processes, we propose an abstraction-based Grid middleware layer as part of the Java CoG Kit. In this paper, we showcase our abstraction model and verify its extensibility by integrating it with an advanced quality-of-service-based execution framework. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ N Texas, Denton, TX 76203 USA. Cardiff Univ, Cardiff CF1 1XL, S Glam, Wales. RP von Laszewski, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gregor@mcs.anl.gov RI Rana, Omer/B-5065-2010; Walker, David/B-7978-2010; von Laszewski, Gregor/C-2808-2012; OI von Laszewski, Gregor/0000-0001-9558-179X; Walker, David/0000-0002-1360-6330 NR 28 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-7621 EI 1873-6165 J9 J SYST ARCHITECT JI J. Syst. Architect. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 52 IS 2 BP 73 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.sysarc.2004.10.007 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 011IL UT WOS:000235261700002 ER PT J AU Cadle, SH Belian, TC Black, KN Carlock, MA Graze, RR Minassian, F Murray, HB Nam, EK Natarajan, M Lawson, DR AF Cadle, SH Belian, TC Black, KN Carlock, MA Graze, RR Minassian, F Murray, HB Nam, EK Natarajan, M Lawson, DR TI Real-world vehicle emissions: A summary of the 15th Coordinating Research Council on-road vehicle emissions workshop SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The Coordinating Research Council held its 15th workshop in April 2005, with nearly 90 presentations describing the most recent mobile source-related emissions research. In this paper, the authors summarize the presentations from researchers who are engaged in improving our understanding of the contribution of mobile sources to air quality. Participants in the workshop discussed emission models and emission inventories, results from gas- and particle-phase emissions studies from spark-ignition and diesel-powered vehicles (with an emphasis in this workshop on particle emissions), effects of fuels on emissions, evaluation of in-use emissions control programs, and efforts to improve our capabilities in performing on-board emissions measurements, as well as topics for future research. C1 Gen Motors, R&D Ctr, Warren, MI USA. Coordinating Res Council, Alpharetta, GA USA. Fed Highway Adm, Washington, DC USA. Calif Air Resources Board, El Monte, CA USA. Caterpillar Inc, Mossville, IL USA. S Coast Air Qual Management Dist, Diamond Bar, CA USA. Toyota Tech Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. US EPA, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Marathon Petr, Findlay, OH USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Lawson, DR (reprint author), 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM doug_lawson@nrel.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 56 IS 2 BP 121 EP 136 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 010VZ UT WOS:000235227300002 PM 16568795 ER PT J AU Mavis, B Akinc, M AF Mavis, B Akinc, M TI Kinetics of urea decomposition in the presence of transition metal ions: Ni2+ SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NICKEL-HYDROXIDE; HOMOGENEOUS ALKALINIZATION; COLLOIDAL PARTICLES; AQUEOUS-MEDIA; PRECIPITATION; HYDROLYSIS; CYANATE; MECHANISM; POWDERS; COBALT AB The literature on kinetics of the urea decomposition reaction was reviewed for the 333-373 K range of temperature. Possible reactions in the pH range of 5-9 were identified. Kinetic simulations indicated significant accumulation of the cyanate intermediate in the pH-time-temperature range that was studied. The effects of Ni2+ hydrolysis and complexation with the urea decomposition products were incorporated into the simulations. The kinetic simulation of the rate of Ni2+ removal from the solutions was compared against the experimental data. The experimental results indicated an agglomerative growth mechanism for the precipitation process. Chemical analyses showed that the composition of the precipitate varies with digestion time, in agreement with the predictions of the kinetic simulation. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Akinc, M (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM makinc@iastate.edu RI Mavis, Bora/C-3457-2008 OI Mavis, Bora/0000-0001-8275-3759 NR 40 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 89 IS 2 BP 471 EP 477 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00758.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 004GS UT WOS:000234740600011 ER PT J AU Besmann, TM Kulkarni, NS Spear, KE AF Besmann, TM Kulkarni, NS Spear, KE TI Thermochemical analysis and modeling of the Al2O3-Cr2O3, Cr2O3-SiO2, and Al2O3-Cr2O3-SiO2 systems relevant to refractories SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GLASS-MELTING FURNACES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; PHASE-DIAGRAMS; OXIDE GLASSES; CORROSION; OPTIMIZATION; EQUILIBRIA AB Phase diagram and chemical activity data, where available, for the Al2O3-Cr2O3, Cr2O3-SiO2, and Al2O3-Cr2O3-SiO2 systems were evaluated and used in the development of models for their thermochemical behavior. Ideal, regular, and subregular solution models were used for the various solid and liquid phases in the Al2O3-Cr2O3 and Cr2O3-SiO2 systems, the Al2O3-SiO2 having been previously modeled using the modified associate species approach. It was possible to model the Al2O3-Cr2O3 liquid as an ideal solution, and compute a phase diagram and activities that resolve previous conflicts. The binary oxide systems were combined into a single set of stoichiometric phases, a corundum solid solution, and a liquid solution to represent the Al2O3-Cr2O3-SiO2 system. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Casitacalc, Amherst, NS B4H 3K9, Canada. RP Besmann, TM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM besmanntm@ornl.gov NR 32 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 89 IS 2 BP 638 EP 644 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00719.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 004GS UT WOS:000234740600038 ER PT J AU Tilley, SD Francis, MB AF Tilley, SD Francis, MB TI Tyrosine-selective protein alkylation using pi-allylpalladium complexes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ALLYLIC CARBONATES; AQUEOUS-MEDIUM; WATER; BIOCONJUGATION C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Francis, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM francis@cchem.berkeley.edu RI Fitzmaurice, Richard/C-1508-2008 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM072700-01] NR 21 TC 128 Z9 130 U1 1 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 4 BP 1080 EP 1081 DI 10.1021/ja057106k PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 007BA UT WOS:000234941100024 PM 16433516 ER PT J AU Kirkpatrick, MP Ackerman, AS Stevens, DE Mansour, NN AF Kirkpatrick, MP Ackerman, AS Stevens, DE Mansour, NN TI On the application of the dynamic Smagorinsky model to large-eddy simulations of the cloud-topped atmospheric boundary layer SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SUBGRID-SCALE MODEL; NOCTURNAL MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; FREE DENSITY INTERFACES; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; TURBULENT FLOWS; ENTRAINMENT; CONVECTION; PARAMETERIZATION; CLOSURE; WAVES AB In this paper the dynamic Smagorinsky model originally developed for engineering flows is adapted for simulations of the cloud-topped atmospheric boundary layer in which an anelastic form of the governing equations is used. The adapted model accounts for local buoyancy sources, vertical density stratification, and poor resolution close to the surface and calculates additional model coefficients for the subgrid-scale fluxes of potential temperature and total water mixing ratio. Results obtained with the dynamic model are compared with those obtained using two nondynamic models for simulations of a nocturnal marine stratocumulus cloud deck observed during the first research flight of the second Dynamics and Chemistry of Marine Stratocumulus (DYCOMS-II) field experiment. The dynamic Smagorinsky model is found to give better agreement with the observations for all parameters and statistics. The dynamic model also gives improved spatial convergence and resolution independence over the nondynamic models. The good results obtained with the dynamic model appear to be due primarily to the fact that it calculates minimal subgrid-scale fluxes at the inversion. Based on other results in the literature, it is suggested that entrainment in the DYCOMS-II case is due predominantly to isolated mixing events associated with overturning internal waves. While the behavior of the dynamic model is consistent with this entrainment mechanism, a similar tendency to switch off subgrid-scale fluxes at an interface is also observed in a case in which gradient transport by small-scale eddies has been found to be important. This indicates that there may be problems associated with the application of the dynamic model close to flow interfaces. One issue here involves the plane-averaging procedure used to stabilize the model, which is not justified when the averaging plane intersects a deforming interface. More fundamental, however, is that the behavior may be due to insufficient resolution in this region of the flow. The implications of this are discussed with reference to both dynamic and nondynamic subgrid-scale models, and a new approach to turbulence modeling for large-eddy simulations is proposed. C1 Stanford Univ, Ctr Turbulence Res, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Kirkpatrick, MP (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, Sch Engn, Private Bag 65, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. EM michael.kirkpatrick@utas.edu.au RI Ackerman, Andrew/D-4433-2012; OI Ackerman, Andrew/0000-0003-0254-6253; Kirkpatrick, Michael/0000-0002-7157-6440 NR 47 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 63 IS 2 BP 526 EP 546 DI 10.1175/JAS3651.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 019XG UT WOS:000235870900007 ER PT J AU Cho, MH Brixner, T Stiopkin, I Vaswani, H Fleming, GR AF Cho, MH Brixner, T Stiopkin, I Vaswani, H Fleming, GR TI Two dimensional electronic spectroscopy of molecular complexes SO JOURNAL OF THE CHINESE CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE multidimensional spectroscopy; ultrafast spectroscopy; photosynthesis ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL RESPONSE; INTEGRATED PHOTON-ECHO; SOLVATION DYNAMICS; FEMTOSECOND SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGY-TRANSFER; SYSTEMS; PROTEIN; BACTERIOCHLOROPHYLL; SIMULATION AB Two dimensional (213) heterodyne-detected electronic photon echo spectroscopy is introduced and described. We give an intuitive description of the origin and information content of 2D electronic spectra, focusing on molecular complexes. We identify two important quantities-the transition dipole term, and the transition frequency cross correlation function that controls the appearance of 2D electronic spectra. We also show how the transition frequency cross correlation function controls the rate of exciton relaxation. These concepts are illustrated with experimental data on the seven bacteriochlorophyll FMO complex of a green sulfur bacterium, showing how the pathways and mechanisms of energy flow can be elucidated by combining 2D spectra with theoretical modeling. C1 Korea Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Korea Univ, Ctr Multidimens Spect, Div Chem & Mol Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cho, MH (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 136701, South Korea. EM mcho@korea.ac.kr; grfleming@lbl.gov RI Brixner, Tobias/S-1451-2016 OI Brixner, Tobias/0000-0002-6529-704X NR 33 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 24 PU CHINESE CHEM SOC PI TAIPEI PA PO BOX 609, TAIPEI 10099, TAIWAN SN 0009-4536 J9 J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP JI J. Chin. Chem. Soc. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 53 IS 1 SI SI BP 15 EP 24 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 020GK UT WOS:000235896500004 ER PT J AU Jellison, GE Baba, JS AF Jellison, GE Baba, JS TI Pseudodielectric functions of uniaxial materials in certain symmetry directions SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED ELLIPSOMETRY; SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY; RUTILE TIO2; CRYSTALS; REFLECTION AB The pseudodielectric function is often used to represent ellipsometric data and corresponds to the actual dielectric functions of materials when there is no surface overlayer and the material is isotropic. If a uniaxial material is oriented such that the optic axis is in the plane of incidence or is perpendicular to the plane of incidence, then the cross-polarization terms are zero and appropriate pseudodielectric functions can be determined from the ellipsometry data. We calculate the pseudodielectric functions for uniaxial crystals in three primary symmetry directions: (1) the optic axis is perpendicular to the plane of incidence, (2) the optic axis is in the plane of the sample surface and parallel to the plane of incidence, and (3) the optic axis is in the plane of the sample surface and perpendicular to the plane of incidence. These results are expanded in terms of the difference in the ordinary and extraordinary dielectric functions and compared with the approximation of Aspnes [J. Opt. Soc. Am. 70, 1275 (1980)]. Comparisons are made with experimental results on oriented crystals of rutile (TiO2), and a simple procedure is presented to determine the complex dielectric function from standard ellipsometry techniques. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jellison, GE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jellisongejr@ornl.gov NR 14 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 23 IS 2 BP 468 EP 475 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 006ET UT WOS:000234879100026 PM 16477851 ER PT J AU Liu, X Shreenath, AP Kimmel, M Trebino, R Smith, AV Link, S AF Liu, X Shreenath, AP Kimmel, M Trebino, R Smith, AV Link, S TI Numerical simulations of optical parametric amplification cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CONTINUUM GENERATION; ULTRASHORT PULSES; PHASE; INTENSITY; CRYSTAL; XFROG; FIBER AB We perform numerical simulations of cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating with the nonlinearities, optical parametric amplification, and difference-frequency generation for measuring broadband pulses. We show that use of a noncollinear beam geometry that matches the group velocities of the pump, signal, and idler pulses permits use of relatively thick crystals for high gain without significant distortion in the measured trace yielding bandwidths of similar to 100 nm. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Nano & Mol Sci & Technol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Liu, X (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Link, Stephan/I-9978-2014 OI Link, Stephan/0000-0002-4781-930X NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 23 IS 2 BP 318 EP 325 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.23.000318 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 013KQ UT WOS:000235408600017 ER PT J AU McGuire, JA Shen, YR AF McGuire, JA Shen, YR TI Signal and noise in Fourier-transform sum-frequency surface vibrational spectroscopy with femtosecond lasers SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRAL INTERFEROMETRY; PULSES; GENERATION AB We describe theory and experiment for Fourier-transform sum-frequency surface vibrational spectroscopy using femtosecond lasers and discuss some practical issues in comparing it with the multichannel dispersive sum-frequency generation approach to obtain sub-laser-linewidth resolution in vibrational spectra. A signal-to-noise ratio analysis shows that the former is inferior for several inherent reasons if infrared and visible pulses used are derived from a typical 1 kHz femtosecond oscillator-amplifier system. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM shenyr@socrates.berkeley.edu RI McGuire, John/C-3380-2015 OI McGuire, John/0000-0002-0682-0953 NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 EI 1520-8540 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 23 IS 2 BP 363 EP 369 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.23.000363 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 013KQ UT WOS:000235408600024 ER PT J AU Kelsey-Wall, A Seaman, JC Jagoe, CH Dallas, CE AF Kelsey-Wall, A Seaman, JC Jagoe, CH Dallas, CE TI Biological half-life and oxidative stress effects in mice with low-level, oral exposure to tritium SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID TRITIATED-WATER HTO; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE ACTIVITY; ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; FREE-RADICALS; COMPARATIVE METABOLISM; IONIZING-RADIATION; RODENTS; IRRADIATION; INGESTION AB Tritium (H-3) may enter the environment from human activities, particularly at production, processing, or waste storage sites such as the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site, a former nuclear production facility in South Carolina. Understanding the dynamics and potential adverse effects of tritium in exposed organisms is critical to evaluating risks of tritium releases at such sites. Previous studies estimated the biological half-life of tritium in mice to be approximately 1.13 d; however, these laboratory studies were not conducted under environmentally realistic conditions. In this study, designed to be more representative of environmental exposure, mice were allowed to drink water containing tritium ( activity about 300 Bq/ml) for a period of 2 wk. The induction of oxidative stress from tritium exposure was evaluated by comparing the activities of antioxidant enzymes ( catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase) in exposed and control mice. From this experiment, the biological half-life of tritium was determined to be 2.26 +/- 0.04 d, almost double previous estimates. While positive controls (x-ray irradiated mice) showed responses in antioxidant enzyme activity, there was no indication of oxidative stress induction in mice exposed to tritium at this concentration. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. RP Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM seaman@srel.edu OI Kennedy, Angel/0000-0002-3491-6901 NR 52 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 EI 1087-2620 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD FEB PY 2006 VL 69 IS 3 BP 201 EP 213 DI 10.1080/15287390500227365 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 009XT UT WOS:000235147600001 PM 16263691 ER PT J AU Rivas, AL Kunsberg, B Chowell, G Smith, SD Hyman, JM Schwager, SJ AF Rivas, AL Kunsberg, B Chowell, G Smith, SD Hyman, JM Schwager, SJ TI Human-mediated foot-and-mouth disease epidemic dispersal: Disease and vector clusters SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE SERIES B-INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; INHOMOGENEOUS POPULATIONS; SPATIAL-ANALYSIS; CATTLE HERDS; IDENTIFICATION; COUNTIES; BSE AB Disease clusters were retrospectively explored at national level using a geo-referenced dataset from the 2001 Uruguayan Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) epidemic. Disease location and time (first 11 epidemic weeks) were analysed across 250 counties (of which 160 were infected), without and with control for human mobility related factors (human population and road densities). The null hypothesis of random disease distribution over space and/or time was assessed with: (i) purely temporal; (ii) purely spatial; and (iii) space/time tests. At least within epidemic weeks 2 and 6, a principal disease cluster was observed in 33 contiguous counties (P < 0.01). Two secondary clusters, located at > 100 km from each other, were also observed (P < 0.01). The purely spatial test that controlled for human population density identified two non-contiguous clusters (P < 0.01). Space and time analysis also revealed the same 33 counties as members of the principal cluster, of which 31 were also clustered when human population was controlled (P < 0.01). No clusters were reported by the spatial test when road density was assessed. The hypothesis that human mobility related factors autocorrelate with disease was empirically supported by two pieces of information: (i) removal of human population/road densities eliminated > 93.9% of the counties included in the principal disease cluster; and (ii) statistically significant correlations (P < 0.05) were observed in the first three epidemic weeks between road density and the number of cases. Clusters where human population density was associated with 47% greater number of cases/sq. km than that of the principal cluster indicated possible roles as disease vectors (vector clusters). Selective control policy in vector clusters is recommended. Periodic (i.e. weekly) cluster and correlation analyses of both disease and other covariates may facilitate disease surveillance and help design space-specific control policy. C1 Cornell Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Biol Stat & Computat Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Inst Resource Informat Syst, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rivas, AL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Biol Stat & Computat Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM alr4@cornell.edu RI Chowell, Gerardo/A-4397-2008; Chowell, Gerardo/F-5038-2012 OI Chowell, Gerardo/0000-0003-2194-2251 NR 31 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0931-1793 J9 J VET MED B JI J. Vet. Med. Ser. B-Infect. Dis. Vet. Public Health PD FEB PY 2006 VL 53 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0450.2006.00904.x PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 010ED UT WOS:000235168800001 PM 16460349 ER PT J AU Newman, AV Dixon, TH Gourmelen, N AF Newman, AV Dixon, TH Gourmelen, N TI A four-dimensional viscoelastic deformation model for Long Valley Caldera, California, between 1995 and 2000 SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE global positioning system; finite element analysis; Long Valley Caldera; viscoelasticity; magma chambers ID ALGORITHM INVERSION TECHNIQUE; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; VOLCANIC SOURCES; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; 2-COLOR GEODIMETER; TIME-SERIES; HALF-SPACE; INFLATION; UNREST; GPS AB We investigate the effects of viscoelastic (VE) rheologies surrounding a vertically dipping prolate spheroid source during an active period of time-dependent deformation between 1995 and 2000 at Long Valley caldera. We model a rapid magmatic inflation episode and slip across the South Moat fault (SMF) in late 1997. We extend the spherical VE shell model of Newman et al. [Newman, A.V, Dixon, T.H., Ofoegbu, G., Dixon, J.E., 2001. Geodetic and seismic constraints on recent activity at Long Valley caldera, California: Evidence for viscoelastic rheology. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 105, 183-206.] to include a prolate spheroid geometry more accurately representing the probable source geometry inferred from other studies. This paper presents the first attempt to geodetically constrain the volcanic deformation source volume at Long Valley, a parameter for hazard assessment. Including fault slip along the SMF explains significant deformation observed with several EDM baselines and components of two continuous GPS time series. Additionally, the model explains the spatial extent of deformation observed by InSAR data covering the 1997-98 inflation episode. For the time period studied, the VE model requires modest pressure changes (maximum of 14.3 MPa) that are far lower than the overburden pressure (similar to 115 MPa), and less than the maximum for a purely elastic model with the same geometry and elastic strength (similar to 45 MPa). Thus, the inclusion of a realistic VE component significantly lowers the inferred pressures necessary to explain observed surface deformation. Though our model is non-unique, it is consistent with a broader variety of data compared to purely elastic models. Only right-lateral slip, and not dilitation, was necessary to explain offsets in EDM data near and crossing the SMF. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM andrew.newman@eas.gatech.edu RI Newman, Andrew/E-7682-2012 OI Newman, Andrew/0000-0001-7414-1197 NR 55 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 150 IS 1-3 BP 244 EP 269 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.017 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 016AR UT WOS:000235593400017 ER PT J AU With, KA Schrott, GR King, AW AF With, KA Schrott, GR King, AW TI The implications of metalandscape connectivity for population viabilityin migratory songbirds SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE birds; demographic model; habitat loss and fragmentation; immigration; landscape dynamics; neutral landscape models; source-sink dynamics ID HABITAT-SPECIFIC DEMOGRAPHY; NEOTROPICAL MIGRANT BIRDS; LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; NESTING SUCCESS; WOOD THRUSHES; SINKS; DYNAMICS; DISPERSAL; SURVIVAL AB Landscape connectivity is considered important for species persistence, but linkages among landscape populations (metalandscape connectivity) may be necessary to ensure the long-term viability of some migratory songbirds at a broader regional scale. Because of regional source-sink dynamics, these species can maintain steady populations within extensively fragmented landscapes (landscape sinks) owing to high levels of immigration from source landscapes. We undertook a modeling study to identify the conditions under which immigration, an index of metalandscape connectivity, could rescue declining populations of songbirds in heavily disturbed landscapes. In general, low to moderate levels of immigration (m = 0-20%) were sufficient to rescue species with low edge-sensitivity in landscapes where < 70% habitat had been destroyed. At the other extreme, moderate to high levels of immigration (m = 11-40%) were usually required to rescue highly edge-sensitive species in these same landscapes. Very high levels of immigration (m > 40%) were required to rescue highly edge-sensitive species in extensively fragmented landscapes that had lost > 50% habitat, or when any landscape lost >= 50% habitat gradually over a period of 100 or more years (r = 0.5% habitat lost/year). Paradoxically higher levels of immigration were thus necessary to offset population declines when habitat was lost gradually than when it was lost quickly, where population response lagged behind landscape change. This implies that the importance of metalandscape connectivity for population viability may not be fully appreciated in landscapes undergoing rapid rates of change. Natural immigration rates for migratory songbirds match the very high levels (> 40%) we found necessary to sustain populations in heavily disturbed landscapes, which underscores the importance of metalandscape connectivity for the continued persistence of many migratory songbirds in the face of widespread habitat loss and fragmentation. C1 Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP With, KA (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM kwith@ksu.edu RI With, Kimberly/J-5124-2014 OI With, Kimberly/0000-0001-5570-1515 NR 45 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 21 IS 2 BP 157 EP 167 DI 10.1007/s10980-005-1786-1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 019WC UT WOS:000235866400001 ER PT J AU Olivier, SS Jones, SM Chen, DC Zawadzki, RJ Choi, SS Laut, SP Werner, JS AF Olivier, SS Jones, SM Chen, DC Zawadzki, RJ Choi, SS Laut, SP Werner, JS TI OCT sees the human retina sharply with adaptive optics SO LASER FOCUS WORLD LA English DT Article ID COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; HIGH-RESOLUTION C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Ophthalmol & Vis Sci, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Olivier, SS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-210, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM olivier1@llnl.gov RI Zawadzki, Robert/E-7534-2011 OI Zawadzki, Robert/0000-0002-9574-156X NR 5 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO PI NASHUA PA 98 SPIT BROOK RD, NASHUA, NH 03062-2801 USA SN 1043-8092 J9 LASER FOCUS WORLD JI Laser Focus World PD FEB PY 2006 VL 42 IS 2 BP 89 EP + PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 019RQ UT WOS:000235854800028 ER PT J AU Pogorelsky, IV Babzien, M Kusche, KP Pavlishin, IV Yakimenko, V Dilley, CE Gottschalk, SC Kimura, WD Katsouleas, T Muggli, P Kallos, E Steinhauer, LC Zigler, A Andreev, N Cline, DB Zhou, F AF Pogorelsky, I. V. Babzien, M. Kusche, K. P. Pavlishin, I. V. Yakimenko, V. Dilley, C. E. Gottschalk, S. C. Kimura, W. D. Katsouleas, T. Muggli, P. Kallos, E. Steinhauer, L. C. Zigler, A. Andreev, N. Cline, D. B. Zhou, F. TI Plasma-based advanced accelerators at the Brookhaven Accelerator Test Facility SO LASER PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CO2-LASER AB The Accelerator Test Facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL ATF) offers to its users a unique combination of research tools that include a high-brightness 70-MeV electron beam, a mid-infrared (lambda=10 mu m) CO2 laser of terawatt power, and a capillary discharge as a plasma source. These cutting-edge technologies have enabled us to launch a new R&D program at the forefronts of advanced accelerators and radiation sources. The main subjects that we are researching are innovative methods of producing wakes in a linear regime using plasma resonance with the electron microbunch train periodic to the laser's wavelength and so-called "seeded" laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) that is driven and probed by a combination of electron and laser beams. We describe the present status of the ATF experimental program, including simulations and preliminary experiments; in addition, we review previous ATF experiments that were the precursors to the present program. They encompass our demonstration of longitudinal- and transverse-field phasing inside the plasma wave, plasma channeling of intense CO2 laser beams, and the generation of e-beam microbunch trains by the inverse FEL technique. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. STI Optron Inc, Bellevue, WA USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Washington, Redmond Plasma Phys Lab, Redmond, WA USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. Inst High Dens Energy, Moscow, Russia. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Pogorelsky, IV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM igor@bnl.gov RI zigler, arie/C-2667-2012 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1054-660X J9 LASER PHYS JI Laser Phys. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 259 EP 266 DI 10.1134/S1054660X06020095 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 130FK UT WOS:000243784900009 ER PT J AU Kumita, T Kamiya, Y Babzien, M Ben-Zvi, I Kusche, K Pavlishin, IV Pogorelsky, IV Siddons, DP Yakimenko, V Hirose, T Omori, T Urakawa, J Yokoya, K Cline, D Zhou, F AF Kumita, T. Kamiya, Y. Babzien, M. Ben-Zvi, I. Kusche, K. Pavlishin, I. V. Pogorelsky, I. V. Siddons, D. P. Yakimenko, V. Hirose, T. Omori, T. Urakawa, J. Yokoya, K. Cline, D. Zhou, F. TI Observation of the nonlinear effect in relativistic Thomson scattering of electron and laser beams SO LASER PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COMPTON-SCATTERING; RADIATION; PHOTONS AB Thomson scattering of high-power laser and electron beams is a good test of electrodynamics in the high-field region. We demonstrated production of high-intensity X-rays in the head-on collision of a CO2 laser and 60-MeV electron beams at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Accelerator Test Facility. The energy of an X-ray photon was limited at 6.5 keV in the linear (lowest order) Thomson scattering, but the nonlinear (higher order) process produces higher energy X-rays. We measured the angular distribution of the high-energy X-rays and confirmed that it agrees with theoretical predictions. C1 Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Waseda Univ, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Kumita, T (reprint author), Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. EM kumita@phys.metro-u.ac.jp RI urakawa, junji/F-4763-2014; Kamiya, Yoshio/L-4394-2014 OI Kamiya, Yoshio/0000-0001-8716-2536 NR 17 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1054-660X J9 LASER PHYS JI Laser Phys. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 267 EP 271 DI 10.1134/S1054660X06020101 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 130FK UT WOS:000243784900010 ER PT J AU Gaeta, M Freda, C Christensen, JN Dallai, L Marra, F Karner, DB Scarlato, P AF Gaeta, M Freda, C Christensen, JN Dallai, L Marra, F Karner, DB Scarlato, P TI Time-dependent geochemistry of clinopyroxene from the Alban Hills (Central Italy): Clues to the source and evolution of ultrapotassic magmas SO LITHOS LA English DT Article DE clinopyroxene; Sr-87/Sr-86; REE; ultrapotassic rocks; Alban Hills ID TRACE-ELEMENT; VOLCANIC DISTRICT; FRACTIONAL CRYSTALLIZATION; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; STRONTIUM ISOTOPE; ROMAN PROVINCE; GENESIS; PETROGENESIS; ASSIMILATION; MANTLE AB We investigated chemical and isotopic compositions of clinopyroxene crystals from well age-constrained juvenile scoria clasts, lava flows, and hypoabyssal magmatic ejecta representative of the whole eruptive history of the Alban Hills Volcanic District. The Alban Hills is a Quaternary ultra-potassic district that was emplaced into thick limestone units along the Tyrrhenian margin of Italy. Alban Hills volcanic products, even the most differentiated, are characterised by low SiO2 content. We suggest that the low silica activity in evolving magmas can be ultimately due to a decarbonation process occurring at the magma/limestone interface. According to the liquid line of descent we propose, the differentiation process is driven by crystallisation of clinopyroxene +/- leucite +/- apatite +/- magnetite coupled with assimilation of a small amount of calcite and/or with interaction with crustal CO2. By combining age, chemical data, strontium and oxygen isotopic compositions, and REE content of clinopyroxene, we give insights into the evolution of primitive ultrapotassic magmas of the Alban Hills Volcanic District over an elapsed period of about 600 kyr. Geochemical features of clinopyroxene crystals, consistent with data coming from other Italian ultrapotassic magmas, indicate that Alban Hills primary magmas were generated from a metasomatized lithospheric mantle source. In addition, our study shows that the Sr-87/Sr-86 and LREE/HREE of Alban Hills magmas continuously diminished during the 600-35 ka time interval of the Alban Hills eruptive history, possibly reflecting the progressive depletion of the metasomatized mantle source of magmas. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Sismol & Tettonofis, I-00143 Rome, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Isotope Geochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CNR, Ist Geosci & Georisorse, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Sonoma State Univ, Dept Geol, Rohnert Pk, CA 94985 USA. RP Gaeta, M (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Sci Terra, Piazzale A Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy. EM mario.gaeta@uniroma1.it RI Christensen, John/D-1475-2015; Scarlato, Piergiorgio/G-1714-2015 OI Scarlato, Piergiorgio/0000-0003-1933-0192 NR 54 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0024-4937 J9 LITHOS JI Lithos PD FEB PY 2006 VL 86 IS 3-4 BP 330 EP 346 DI 10.1016/j.lithos.2005.05.010 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 013KR UT WOS:000235408700008 ER PT J AU Powers, KA Ribeiro, RM Patel, K Pianko, S Nyberg, L Pockros, P Conrad, AJ McHutchison, J Perelson, AS AF Powers, KA Ribeiro, RM Patel, K Pianko, S Nyberg, L Pockros, P Conrad, AJ McHutchison, J Perelson, AS TI Kinetics of hepatitis C virus reinfection after liver transplantation SO LIVER TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; DYNAMICS IN-VIVO; VIRAL DYNAMICS; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INTERFERON-ALPHA; NEGATIVE-STRAND; RAPID TURNOVER; RNA LEVELS; B-VIRUS; INFECTION AB Improved understanding of hepatitis C virus (HCV) dynamics during and after liver transplantation can be useful in optimizing antiviral therapy in transplant recipients. We analyzed serum HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) levels during and after cadaveric liver transplantation in 6 HCV patients. After removal of the liver and before the new liver started producing virions, HCV RNA levels dropped with an average half-life (t(1/2)) of 0.8 hours. Viral loads then continued to drop up to 23 hours postimplantation (t(1/2) = 3.4 hours), and began to rise (doubling-time = 2.0 days) as soon as 15 hours after the anhepatic phase. In 3 patients the viral load reached a plateau before rising, suggesting that a nonhepatic source supplied virions and balanced their intrinsic clearance. However, from the decline in viral load over the first 24 hours of the postanhepatic phase, we estimate that nonhepatic sources can at most correspond to 4% of total viral production, 96% of which occurs in the liver, even after we corrected for fluid exchanges during surgery. As the new liver was reinfected, production increased and viral load rose to a new steady state. Using nonlinear regression, we were able to fit the patients' HCV RNA data to a viral dynamic model and estimate the de novo infection rate (mean 1.5 x 10(-6) mL/virion/day), as well as the average percentage of hepatocytes infected at the posttransplantation steady state (19%). In conclusion, we have quantified liver reinfection dynamics in the absence of posttransplantation antiviral therapy. Our findings support the notion that early antiviral therapy may delay or prevent reinfection. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Duke Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Scripps Clin, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, La Jolla, CA USA. Kaiser Permanente, Med Care Plan, San Diego, CA USA. Natl Inst Genet, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Perelson, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, MS-K710,T-10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM asp@lanl.gov OI Ribeiro, Ruy/0000-0002-3988-8241 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR00833, RR06555] NR 49 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1527-6465 J9 LIVER TRANSPLANT JI Liver Transplant. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 12 IS 2 BP 207 EP 216 DI 10.1002/lt.20572 PG 10 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 011LR UT WOS:000235270200006 PM 16447184 ER PT J AU Sunwoo, A Groves, S Goto, D Hopkins, H AF Sunwoo, A Groves, S Goto, D Hopkins, H TI Effect of matrix alloy and cold swaging on micro-tensile properties of tungsten heavy alloys SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE deformation and fracture; mechanical properties; microstructure; tungsten heavy alloys; fractography ID DEFORMATION; FAILURE AB The tensile properties of two types of tungsten heavy alloys, W-5.6% Ni-1.4% Fe and W-4.7% Ni-2.2% Co, were investigated as a function of matrix alloy (Ni-Fe vs. Ni-Co) and specimen orientation with respect to the cold swaging axis. Orientation dependent rod properties were measured using a micro-tensile testing unit developed at LLNL. Tungsten particles were slightly oblong in the swage direction in both alloys and particle-particle bonding was also apparent in both alloys. In the W-Ni-Fe alloy separation between W particles and the Ni-Fe matrix was observed, as well as Ni-Fe matrix cracking. The W-Ni-Co alloy showed no evidence of separation between W and the matrix alloy or Ni-Co matrix cracking. Differences in the matrix material condition appear to manifest themselves in the observed tensile properties and fracture surfaces. The ultimate tensile strength and elongation at failure values of the W-Ni-Co alloy were larger than those of the W-Ni-Fe alloy. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sunwoo, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM sunwool@llnl.gov NR 15 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 60 IS 3 BP 321 EP 325 DI 10.1016/j.matlet.2005.08.050 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 989ZN UT WOS:000233713000008 ER PT J AU Salman, F Zhang, P Chow, L Stevie, FA AF Salman, F. Zhang, P. Chow, L. Stevie, F. A. TI Diffusion profiles of low dosages chromium ions implanted into (100) crystalline silicon SO MATERIALS SCIENCE IN SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference on Defects Recognition Imaging and Physics in Semiconductors CY SEP 13-19, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE Cr; Si; SIMS; diffusion; ion implantation ID COMPLEXES; COPPER; SOLUBILITY; IRON; SI AB Chromium ions with low dosages (1 x 10(12) and 1 x 10(13) cm(-2)) are implanted into silicon (100) crystalline substrates. Thermal anneals were carried out at different temperatures between 300 and 1000 degrees C to study the effects of ion implantation dose on the Cr diffusion profiles. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has been used to characterize the profiles of the Cr impurities. At 1 x 10(12) cm(-2) dosage and 500 degrees C anneal, the diffusivity of Cr in Silicon is determined to be 1.0 x 10(-14) cm(2) s(-1). (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Analyt Instrumentat Facil, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Chow, L (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM chow@ucf.edu RI Chow, Lee/A-8106-2009 OI Chow, Lee/0000-0001-7729-6848 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-8001 J9 MAT SCI SEMICON PROC JI Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process PD FEB-JUN PY 2006 VL 9 IS 1-3 BP 62 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.mssp.2006.01.010 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 060MI UT WOS:000238805900014 ER PT J AU Harkonen, J Tuovinen, E Li, Z Luukka, P Verbitskaya, E Eremin, V AF Harkonen, J. Tuovinen, E. Li, Z. Luukka, P. Verbitskaya, E. Eremin, V. TI Recombination lifetime characterization and mapping of silicon wafers and detectors using the microwave photoconductivity decay (mu PCD) technique SO MATERIALS SCIENCE IN SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference on Defects Recognition Imaging and Physics in Semiconductors CY SEP 13-19, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE silicon; lifetime; particle detector ID EFFECTIVE CARRIER LIFETIME; MICROSTRIP DETECTORS; INJECTION-LEVEL AB Recombination lifetime in oxidized high-resistivity silicon has been characterized by the microwave photoconductivity decay (mu PCD) technique. In this technique, a silicon wafer is illuminated by a laser pulse that generates electron hole pairs. The transient of the decaying carrier concentration is monitored by using a microwave signal. The recombination lifetime is a measure of the material quality, i.e., defect/impurity concentration which affects the quality of the resulting detectors and their electrical properties. The mu PCD technique is a non-contact and non-invasive technique that can map recombination lifetime of the entire wafer before it is selected for device/detector processing. The recombination lifetime mapping on a wafer is realized by a 2D color imaging code representing the range of the lifetime in mu s. In general, the recombination lifetime is the smallest around the wafer edges (about 1000-2000 mu s), and highest in the center of the wafer (5000-10,000 mu s). The recombination lifetime has been measured under different injection levels and surface charge conditions. The results show that the lifetime in investigated n-type materials is almost independent of the injection level if the passivating SiO2 film is corona charged. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki 00014, Finland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. RP Harkonen, J (reprint author), CERN, Helsinki Inst Phys, CERN, PH 40-4A-002, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM jaakko.haerkoenen@cern.ch RI Verbitskaya, Elena/D-1521-2014 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-8001 J9 MAT SCI SEMICON PROC JI Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process PD FEB-JUN PY 2006 VL 9 IS 1-3 BP 261 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.mssp.2006.01.049 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 060MI UT WOS:000238805900054 ER PT J AU Li, Z Li, CJ AF Li, Z. Li, C. J. TI Development of current-based microscopic defect analysis method using optical filling techniques for the defect study on heavily irradiated high-resistivity Si sensors/detectors SO MATERIALS SCIENCE IN SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference on Defects Recognition Imaging and Physics in Semiconductors CY SEP 13-19, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE DLTS; defects; detectors; sensors; current transient ID SILICON DETECTORS AB Current-based microscopic defect analysis method such as current deep level transient spectroscopy (I-DLTS) and thermally stimulated current have been developed over the years at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) for the defect characterizations on heavily irradiated (Phi(n) >= 10(13) n/cm(2)) high-resistivity (>= 2 k Omega cm) Si sensors/detectors. The conventional DLTS method using a capacitance transient is not valid on heavily irradiated high-resistivity Si sensors/detectors. A new optical filling method, using lasers with various wavelengths, has been applied, which is more efficient and suitable than the traditional voltage-pulse filling. Optimum defect-filling schemes and conditions have been suggested for heavily irradiated high-resistivity Si sensors/detectors. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Semicond, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. RP Li, Z (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM zhengl@bnl.gov NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-8001 J9 MAT SCI SEMICON PROC JI Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process PD FEB-JUN PY 2006 VL 9 IS 1-3 BP 283 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.mssp.2006.01.084 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 060MI UT WOS:000238805900059 ER PT J AU Protopopescu, V Barhen, J Amselem, G Dahan, J AF Protopopescu, V Barhen, J Amselem, G Dahan, J TI Non-Lipschitzian control algorithms: Application to a nanofriction model SO MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN THE APPLIED SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE non-Lipschitzian feedback control; nanofriction; global targets ID FRICTION; CHAOS AB Recently we proposed a new feedback control algorithm for quantities describing global features of non-linear dynamical systems. The performance of the algorithm, which is based on the concepts of non-Lipschitzian dynamics and global targeting, has been successfully demonstrated for systems confined to one spatial dimension and for a specific targeted global quantity, namely the velocity of the centre of mass. In this paper we extend the scope of the non-Lipschitzian control scheme to multi-dimensional systems and different targeted quantities. We illustrate the efficiency of the non-Lipschitzian feedback w.r.t. the ordinary (Lipschitzian) feedback, as well as the robustness and accuracy of the algorithm in a broad variety of control scenarios on the 2-d Frenkel-Kontorova model for nanofriction. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Ecole Super Phys & Chim Ind Ville Paris, F-75005 Paris, France. RP Protopopescu, V (reprint author), Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM vvp@omi.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0170-4214 J9 MATH METHOD APPL SCI JI Math. Meth. Appl. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 29 IS 3 BP 249 EP 266 DI 10.1002/mma.674 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 002UK UT WOS:000234637000001 ER PT J AU Brezzi, F Lipnikov, K Shashkov, M AF Brezzi, F Lipnikov, K Shashkov, M TI Convergence of mimetic finite difference method for diffusion problems on polyhedral meshes with curved faces SO MATHEMATICAL MODELS & METHODS IN APPLIED SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Finite differences; mimetic discretizations; polyhedral meshes; convergence ID EQUATIONS AB New mimetic finite difference discretizations of diffusion problems on unstructured polyhedral meshes with strongly curved (non-planar) faces are developed. The material properties are described by a full tensor. The optimal convergence estimates, the second order for a scalar variable (pressure) and the first order for a vector variable (velocity), are proved. C1 Univ Pavia, Dept Math, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brezzi, F (reprint author), Univ Pavia, Dept Math, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. EM brezzi@imati.cnr.it; lipnikov@lanl.gov; shashkov@lanl.gov RI Brezzi, Franco/D-4362-2009 OI Brezzi, Franco/0000-0003-4715-5475 NR 19 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-2025 J9 MATH MOD METH APPL S JI Math. Models Meth. Appl. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 275 EP 297 DI 10.1142/S0218202506001157 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 021IL UT WOS:000235976800006 ER PT J AU Brankov, JG Wernick, MN Yang, YY Li, J Muehleman, C Zhong, Z Anastasio, MA AF Brankov, JG Wernick, MN Yang, YY Li, J Muehleman, C Zhong, Z Anastasio, MA TI Computed tomography implementation of multiple-image radiography SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE; DIFFRACTION AB Conventional x-ray computed tomography (CT) produces a single volumetric image that represents the spatially variant linear x-ray attenuation coefficient of an object. However, in many situations, differences in the x-ray attenuation properties of soft tissues are very small and difficult to measure in conventional x-ray imaging. In this work, we investigate an analyzer-based imaging method, called computed tomography multiple-image radiography (CT-MIR), which is a tomographic implementation of the recently proposed multiple-image radiography method. The CT-MIR method reconstructs concurrently three physical properties of the object. In addition to x-ray attenuation, CT-MIR produces volumetric images that represent the refraction and ultrasmall-angle scattering properties of the object. These three images can provide a rich description of the object's physical properties that are revealed by the probing x-ray beam. An imaging model for CT-MIR that is based on the x-ray transform of the object properties is established. The CT-MIR method is demonstrated by use of experimental data acquired at a synchroton radiation imaging beamline, and is compared to the pre-existing diffraction-enhanced imaging CT method. We also investigate the merit of an iterative reconstruction method for use with future clinical implementations of CT-MIR, which we anticipate would be photon limited. (c) 2006 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. C1 IIT, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. IIT, Dept Biomed Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Rush Univ, Ctr Med, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brankov, JG (reprint author), IIT, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM wernick@iit.edu RI Brankov, Jovan/H-2242-2013; Wernick, Miles/J-8394-2013 OI Wernick, Miles/0000-0001-6736-478X FU NCI NIH HHS [CA2111976]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR48292] NR 18 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 33 IS 2 BP 278 EP 289 DI 10.1118/1.2150788 PG 12 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 017GR UT WOS:000235682600004 PM 16532932 ER PT J AU Sabau, AS AF Sabau, AS TI Alloy shrinkage factors for the investment casting process SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM-ALLOYS AB This study deals with the experimental measurements and numerical predictions of alloy shrinkage factors (SFs) related to the investment casting process. The dimensions of the A356 aluminium alloy casting were determined from the numerical simulation results of solidification, heat transfer, fluid dynamics, and deformation phenomena. The investment. casting process was carried out using wax patterns of unfilled wax and shell molds that were made of fused silica with a zircon prime coat. The dimensions of the die tooling, wax pattern, and casting were measured, in order to determine the actual tooling allowances. Several numerical Simulations were carried out, to assess the level of accuracy for the casting shrinkage. The solid fraction threshold, at which the transition from the fluid dynamics to the solid dynamics occurs, was found to be important in predicting shrinkage factors (SFs). It was found that accurate predictions were obtained for all measured dimensions when the shell mold was considered a deformable material. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sabau, AS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sabau@ornl.gov RI Sabau, Adrian/B-9571-2008 OI Sabau, Adrian/0000-0003-3088-6474 NR 21 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5615 J9 METALL MATER TRANS B JI Metall. Mater. Trans. B-Proc. Metall. Mater. Proc. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 37 IS 1 BP 131 EP 140 DI 10.1007/s11663-006-0092-x PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 016EB UT WOS:000235602400010 ER PT J AU Graham, GA Teslich, N Dai, ZR Bradley, JP Kearsley, AT Horz, F AF Graham, GA Teslich, N Dai, ZR Bradley, JP Kearsley, AT Horz, F TI Focused ion beam recovery of hypervelocity impact residue in experimental craters on metallic foils SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DUST PARTICLES; COMETARY; STARDUST; AEROGEL AB The Stardust sample return capsule returned to Earth in January 2006 with primitive debris collected from comet 81P/Wild-2 during the flyby encounter in 2004. In addition to the cometary particles embedded in low-density silica aerogel, there are microcraters preserved in the aluminum foils (1100 series; 100 mu m thick) that are wrapped around the sample tray assembly. Soda lime spheres (similar to 49 mu m in diameter) have been accelerated with a light gas gun into flight-grade aluminum foils at 6.35 kin s(-1) to simulate the capture of cometary debris. The experimental craters have been analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) to locate and characterize remants of the projectile material remaining within the craters. In addition, ion beam-induced secondary electron imaging has proven particularly useful in identifying areas within the craters that contain residue material. Finally, high-precision focused ion beam (FIB) milling has been used to isolate and then extract an individual melt residue droplet from the interior wall of an impact. This has enabled further detailed elemental characterization that is free from the background contamination of the aluminum foil Substrate. The ability to recover "pure" melt residues using FIB will significantly extend the interpretations of the residue chemistry preserved in the aluminum foils returned by Stardust. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Astromat Res Off, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Graham, GA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM graham42@llnl.gov RI Dai, Zurong/E-6732-2010 NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 5 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 41 IS 2 BP 159 EP 165 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 021CR UT WOS:000235961200001 ER PT J AU Ishii, HA Bradley, JP AF Ishii, HA Bradley, JP TI Macroscopic subdivision of silica aerogel collectors for sample return missions SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EXTRACTION AB Silica aerogel collector tiles have been employed for the collection of particles in low Earth orbit and, more recently, for the capture of cometary particles by NASA's Stardust mission. Reliable, reproducible methods for cutting these and future collector tiles from sample return missions are necessary to maximize the science output from the extremely valuable embedded particles. We present a means of macroscopic subdivision of collector tiles by generating large-scale cuts over several centimeters in silica aerogel with almost no material loss. The cut surfaces are smooth and optically clear allowing Visual location of particles for analysis and extraction. This capability is complementary to the smaller-scale Cutting capabilities previously described (Westphal 2004; Ishii 2005a, 2005b) for removing individual impacts and particulate debris in tiny aerogel extractions. Macroscopic cuts enable division and storage or distribution of portions of aerogel tiles for immediate analysis of samples by certain techniques in situ or further extraction of samples suited for other methods of analysis. The capability has been implemented in the Stardust Laboratory at NASA's Johnson Space Center as one of a suite of aerogel cutting methods to be used in Stardust sample curation. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ishii, HA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, L-413,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hope.ishii@llnl.gov NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 41 IS 2 BP 233 EP 236 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 021CR UT WOS:000235961200007 ER PT J AU Madden, MEE Kring, DA Bodnar, RJ AF Madden, MEE Kring, DA Bodnar, RJ TI Shock re-equilibration of fluid inclusions in crystalline basement rocks from the Ries crater, Germany SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IMPACT CRATER; HYDROTHERMAL ACTIVITY; CONFINING PRESSURE; COCONINO SANDSTONE; AQUEOUS ALTERATION; METEOR CRATER; MONAHANS 1998; PARENT BODY; QUARTZ; METAMORPHISM AB This Study examines the effects of shock metamorphism on fluid inclusions ill crystalline basement target rocks from the Ries crater, Germany. The occurrence of two-phase fluid inclusions decreases from shock stage 0 to shock stage 1, while single-phase inclusions increase, likely as a result of re-equilibration. In shock stages 2 and 3, both two-phase and single-phase inclusions decrease with increasing shock stage, indicating that fluid inclusion vesicles are destroyed due to plastic deformation and phase changes in the host minerals. However, quartz clasts entrained ill shock stage 4 melts contain both single-phase and two-phase inclusions, demonstrating the rapid quenching of the melt and the heterogeneous nature of impact deformation. Inclusions in naturally shocked polycrystalline samples Survive at higher shock pressures than those in single crystal shock experiments. However, fluid inclusions in both experimental and natural samples follow a similar trend in re-equilibration at low to moderate shock pressures leading to destruction Of inclusion vesicles in higher shock stages. This Suggests that shock processing may lead to the destruction Of fluid inclusions in many planetary materials and likely contributed to shock devolatilization of early planetesimals. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Madden, MEE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM maddenme@ornl.gov RI Bodnar, Robert/A-1916-2009; Elwood Madden, Megan/C-3381-2009 NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 41 IS 2 BP 247 EP 262 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 021CR UT WOS:000235961200009 ER PT J AU Crowder, SV Moyer, RD AF Crowder, SV Moyer, RD TI A two-stage Monte Carlo approach to the expression of uncertainty with non-linear measurement equation and small sample size SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article AB In this paper we propose a two-stage Monte Carlo procedure that explicitly takes into account the finite sample sizes used to estimate parameters of the input distributions of non-linear measurement equations. We will illustrate the approach with a case study involving the efficiency of a thermistor mount power sensor. The performance of the proposed approach will be compared with the standard GUM (US Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement, American National Institute of Standards, ANSI/NCSL Z540-2-1997) approach for finite samples using simple linear and non-linear measurement equations. We will investigate performance in terms of coverage probabilities of derived coverage intervals for the mean of the measurand. Proposed Supplement I to the GUM (Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement, Supplement 1, currently under review to the member organizations of the JCGM and the national measurement institutes (draft 3rd edn)) outlines a 'propagation of distributions' approach to deriving the distribution of a measurand for any non-linear function and for any set of random inputs. The Supplement's approach assumes that the distributions of the random inputs are known exactly. In practice, however, the distributions of the inputs will rarely be known exactly but must be estimated using possibly small samples. The two-stage Monte Carlo approach will be compared with the GUM Supplement's propagation of distribution approach for non-linear measurement equations. We will show that the GUM Supplement's approach underestimates uncertainty in the measurand if distributions estimated with small sample sizes are assumed to be known exactly. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Stat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Primary Stand Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Crowder, SV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Stat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU BUREAU INT POIDS MESURES PI SEVRES CEDEX PA B1 PM PAVILLION DE BRETUEIL, F-92312 SEVRES CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD FEB PY 2006 VL 43 IS 1 BP 34 EP 41 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/43/1/005 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 023OL UT WOS:000236136000007 ER PT J AU Schryver, JC Brandt, CC Pfiffner, SM Palumbo, AV Peacock, AD White, DC McKinley, JP Long, PE AF Schryver, JC Brandt, CC Pfiffner, SM Palumbo, AV Peacock, AD White, DC McKinley, JP Long, PE TI Application of nonlinear analysis methods for identifying relationships between microbial community structure and groundwater geochemistry SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS; CONTAMINATED SITE; DIVERSITY; BACTERIA; FATTY; SOIL AB The relationship between groundwater geochemistry and microbial community structure can be complex and difficult to assess. We applied nonlinear and generalized linear data analysis methods to relate microbial biomarkers (phospholipids fatty acids, PLFA) to groundwater geochemical characteristics at the Shiprock uranium mill tailings disposal site that is primarily contaminated by uranium, sulfate, and nitrate. First, predictive models were constructed using feedforward artificial neural networks (NN) to predict PLFA classes from geochemistry. To reduce the danger of overfitting, parsimonious NN architectures were selected based on pruning of hidden nodes and elimination of redundant predictor (geochemical) variables. The resulting NN models greatly outperformed the generalized linear models. Sensitivity analysis indicated that tritium, which was indicative of riverine influences, and uranium were important in predicting the distributions of the PLFA classes. In contrast, nitrate concentration and inorganic carbon were least important, and total ionic strength was of intermediate importance. Second, nonlinear principal components (NPC) were extracted from the PLFA data using a variant of the feedforward NN. The NPC grouped the samples according to similar geochemistry. PLFA indicators of Gram-negative bacteria and eukaryotes were associated with the groups of wells with lower levels of contamination. The more contaminated samples contained microbial communities that were predominated by terminally branched saturates and branched monounsaturates that are indicative of metal reducers, actinomycetes, and Gram-positive bacteria. These results indicate that the microbial community at the site is coup led to the geochemistry and knowledge of the geochemistry allows prediction of the community composition. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Biomarker Anal, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Brandt, CC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM brandtcc@ornl.gov RI Palumbo, Anthony/A-4764-2011; Long, Philip/F-5728-2013 OI Palumbo, Anthony/0000-0002-1102-3975; Long, Philip/0000-0003-4152-5682 NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 51 IS 2 BP 177 EP 188 DI 10.1007/s00248-004-0137-0 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 015HY UT WOS:000235543700005 PM 16435170 ER PT J AU Kotula, PG Keenan, MR Michael, JR AF Kotula, PG Keenan, MR Michael, JR TI Tomographic spectral Imaging with multivariate statistical analysis: Comprehensive 3D microanalysis SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE tomography; spectral imaging; multivariate statistical analysis; multivariate curve resolution; 3D chemical analysis; tomographic spectral imaging; serial sectioning; 3D microanalysis ID 3-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ION; IMAGES; MICROPROBE; RESOLUTION AB A comprehensive three-dimensional (31)) microanalysis procedure using a combined scanning electron microscope (SEM)/focused ion beam (FIB) system equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) has been developed. The FIB system was used First to prepare a site-specific region for X-ray microanalysis followed by the acquisition of an electron-beam generated X-ray spectral image. A small section of material was then removed by the FIB, followed by the acquisition of another X-ray spectral image. This serial sectioning procedure was repeated 10-12 times to sample a volume of material. The series of two-spatial-dimension spectral images were then concatenated into a single data set consisting of a series of volume elements or voxels each with an entire X-ray spectrum. This four-dimensional (three real space and one spectral dimension) spectral image was then comprehensively analyzed with Sandia's automated X-ray spectral image analysis software. This technique was applied to a simple Cu-Ag eutectic and a more complicated localized corrosion study where the powerful site-specific comprehensive analysis capability of tomographic spectral imaging (TSI) combined with multivariate statistical analysis is demonstrated. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Characterizat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kotula, PG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Characterizat Dept, POB 5800,MS0886, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pgkotul@sandia.gov RI Kotula, Paul/A-7657-2011 OI Kotula, Paul/0000-0002-7521-2759 NR 34 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 25 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 12 IS 1 BP 36 EP 48 DI 10.1017/S1431927606060193 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 012GM UT WOS:000235326300004 PM 17481340 ER PT J AU Schiek, RL Schmidt, RC AF Schiek, RL Schmidt, RC TI Automated surface micro-machining mask creation from a 3D model SO MICROSYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES-MICRO-AND NANOSYSTEMS-INFORMATION STORAGE AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE topology; mask; mems; design; optimization AB We have developed and implemented a method, which given a three-dimensional object can infer from topology the two-dimensional masks needed to produce that object with surface micromachining. The masks produced by this design tool can be generic, process independent masks, or if given process constraints, specific for a target process. This design tool calculates the two-dimensional mask set required to produce a given three-dimensional model by investigating the vertical topology to the model. The 3D model is first separated into bodies that are non-intersecting, made from different materials or only linked through a ground plane. Next, for each body unique vertical cross sections are located and arranged into a tree based on their topological relationship. A branch-wise search of the tree uncovers locations where deposition boundaries must lie and identifies candidate masks creating a generic mask set for the 3D model. Finally, in the last step specific process requirements are considered that may constrain the generic mask set. Constraints can include the thickness or number of deposition layers, specific ordering of masks as required by a process and type of material used in a given layer. Candidate masks are reconciled with the process constraints through a constrained optimization. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA. RP Schiek, RL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Sci Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA. EM rlschie@sandia.gov RI Schiek, Richard/A-9192-2011 NR 4 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-7076 J9 MICROSYST TECHNOL JI Microsyst. Technol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 12 IS 3 BP 204 EP 207 DI 10.1007/s00542-005-0049-z PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 006DJ UT WOS:000234875200003 ER PT J AU Tao, D Blue, C Dahotre, NB Honaker, R Parekh, BK Engleman, PG Zhao, C Han, H AF Tao, D Blue, C Dahotre, NB Honaker, R Parekh, BK Engleman, PG Zhao, C Han, H TI High-density-infrared (HDI) treatment of mineral processing equipment for enhanced wear resistance SO MINERALS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE HDI; coating; microstructure; microhardness; wear ID COMPOSITE COATINGS; MICROSTRUCTURE; WC; BEHAVIOR AB Equipment wear and corrosion have significant adverse impact on the operating cost and efficiency of mineral processing plants. In this study, advanced surface enhancement technologies were investigated to improve the wear resistance of metal surface of mineral processing equipment. Enhanced metal surfaces were achieved through surface conversion, enrichment, and coating by use of advanced high-density-infrared (HDI) technology. Attempts were made to determine the effects of process parameters on surface properties and corresponding optimum conditions. The microstructure of the enhanced metal surfaces was characterized by SEM, EDS, and microindentation. Laboratory dry sliding wear testing was carried out to investigate the wear performance and the viable coating candidate was determined. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Min Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Proc Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Tao, D (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Min Engn, 234E MMRB, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM dtao@engr.uky.edu NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-6875 J9 MINER ENG JI Miner. Eng. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 19 IS 2 BP 190 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.mineng.2005.09.038 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 016EF UT WOS:000235602800011 ER PT J AU Tao, D Honaker, R Parekh, BK Zhao, C Han, H Engleman, G Dahotre, NB Blue, C AF Tao, D Honaker, R Parekh, BK Zhao, C Han, H Engleman, G Dahotre, NB Blue, C TI Advanced surface-enhancement technology for decreasing wear and corrosion of equipment used for mineral processing SO MINERALS & METALLURGICAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the SME CY FEB 28-MAR 02, 2005 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP SME DE equipment wear; corrosion; surface enhancement; protective coatings ID COMPOSITE COATINGS; WC; MICROSTRUCTURE; BEHAVIOR AB Equipment wear and corrosion have significant adverse impacts on the operating cost and efficiency of mineral processing plants. In this paper, advanced surface-enhancement technologies are investigated to decrease the wear and corrosion rates of metal surfaces. Enhanced metal surfaces are achieved through surface conversion, enrichment and coating by use of an advanced high-density infrared (HDI) plasma arc lamp. Studies were done to determine the effects of process parameters on surface properties and identify optimum conditions. The microstructure of the enhanced metal surfaces was characterized by SEM, EDS and microindentation. Laboratory wear testing was carried out to investigate the wear performance, and a viable coating candidate was determined. C1 Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40292 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Tao, D (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40292 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC MINING METALLURGY EXPLORATION INC PI LITTLETON PA 8307 SHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0747-9182 J9 MINER METALL PROC JI Miner. Metall. Process. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 23 IS 1 BP 27 EP 32 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 011KX UT WOS:000235268200004 ER PT J AU Cooper, SJB Wheeler, D De Leo, A Cheng, JF Holland, RAB Graves, JAM Hope, RM AF Cooper, SJB Wheeler, D De Leo, A Cheng, JF Holland, RAB Graves, JAM Hope, RM TI The mammalian alpha(D)-globin gene lineage and a new model for the molecular evolution of alpha-globin gene clusters at the stem of the mammalian radiation SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE alphaD-globin; alpha-globin; globin gene evolution; human mu-chain globin; marsupial; PAML ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; HEMOGLOBIN COMPONENT; THETA-1-GLOBIN GENE; BETA-CHAINS; PSEUDOGENE; EXPRESSION; CHICKEN; DUPLICATION AB We have explored the evolution of the alpha-globin gene family by comparative sequence and phylogenetic analyses of mammalian alpha-globin genes. Our analyses reveal the existence of a new a-globin gene lineage in mammals that is related to the alpha(D)-globin genes of birds, squamates and turtles. The gene is located in the middle of the alpha-globin gene cluster of a marsupial, Sminthopsis macroura and of humans. It exists in a wide variety of additional mammals, including pigs, cows, cats, and dogs, but is a pseudogene in American marsupials. Evolutionary analyses suggest that the gene has generally evolved under purifying selection, indicative of a functional gene. The presence of mRNA products in humans, pigs, and cows also suggest that the gene is expressed and likely to be functional. The analyses support the hypothesis that the alpha(D)-globin gene lineage has an ancient evolutionary origin that predates the divergence of amniotes. The structural similarity of alpha-globin gene clusters of marsupials and humans suggest that an eight gene cluster (5'-xi 2-xi 1-alpha(D) -alpha 3-alpha 2-alpha 1-theta-omega-3'), including seven alpha-like genes and one beta-like globin gene (omega-globin) existed in the common ancestor of all marsupial and eutherian mammals. This basic structure has remained relatively stable in marsupials and in the lineage leading to humans, although omega-globin has been lost from the alpha-globin gene cluster of humans. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 S Australian Museum, Evolutionary Biol Unit, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Ctr Evolutionary Biol & Biodivers, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Sch Mol & Biomed Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Melbourne, Dept Zool, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Joint Genome Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ New S Wales, Sch Med Sci, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Proteome Syst Ltd, N Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia. Australian Natl Univ, Comparat Genom Res Grp, Res Sch Biol Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Cooper, SJB (reprint author), S Australian Museum, Evolutionary Biol Unit, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. EM cooper.steve@saugov.sa.gov.au RI Graves, Jennifer/A-1387-2008; Cooper, Steven/I-6291-2012 NR 41 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 38 IS 2 BP 439 EP 448 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2005.05.014 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 009OO UT WOS:000235121800012 PM 16024261 ER PT J AU Li, ZQ Wang, GM Sai, N Moses, D Martin, MC Di Ventra, M Heeger, AJ Basov, DN AF Li, ZQ Wang, GM Sai, N Moses, D Martin, MC Di Ventra, M Heeger, AJ Basov, DN TI Infrared imaging of the nanometer-thick accumulation layer in organic field-effect transistors SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS; INSULATOR; MOBILITY; CHARGE; METAL; POLYACETYLENE; ELECTRONICS; POLYMERS AB We report on infrared (IR) spectromicroscopy of the electronic excitations in nanometer-thick accumulation layers in field-effect transistor (FET) devices based on poly(3-hexylthiophene). IR data allows us to explore the charge injection landscape and uncovers the critical role of the gate insulator in defining relevant length scales. This work demonstrates the unique potential of IR spectroscopy for the investigation of physical phenomena at the nanoscale occurring at the semiconductor-insulator interface in FET devices. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Polymers & Organ Solids, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mitsubishi Chem Ctr Adv Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Li, ZQ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM zhiqiang@physics.ucsd.edu RI Di Ventra, Massimiliano/E-1667-2011 OI Di Ventra, Massimiliano/0000-0001-9416-189X NR 25 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 6 IS 2 BP 224 EP 228 DI 10.1021/nl052166+ PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 015DS UT WOS:000235532700016 PM 16464039 ER PT J AU Chan, TL Ciobanu, CV Chuang, FC Lu, N Wang, CZ Ho, KM AF Chan, TL Ciobanu, CV Chuang, FC Lu, N Wang, CZ Ho, KM TI Magic structures of H-passivated 110 silicon nanowires SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SI NANOWIRES; SURFACES; GROWTH; OXIDE AB We report a genetic algorithm approach combined with ab initio calculations to determine the structure of hydrogenated < 110 > Si nanowires. As the number of atoms per length increases, we find that the cross section of the nanowire evolves from chains of six-atom rings to fused pairs of such chains to hexagons bounded by {001} and {111} facets. Our calculations predict that hexagonal wires become stable starting at about 1.2 nm diameter, which is consistent with recent experimental reports of nanowires with diameters of about 3 nm. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Div Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, US Dept Energy, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ciobanu, CV (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Div Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM cciobanu@mines.edu RI Ciobanu, Cristian/B-3580-2009; lu, ning/H-1993-2011; Chuang, FengChuan/H-7166-2013; Chan, Tzu-Liang/C-3260-2015 OI Chuang, FengChuan/0000-0003-0351-4253; Chan, Tzu-Liang/0000-0002-9655-0917 NR 25 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 6 IS 2 BP 277 EP 281 DI 10.1021/nl0522633 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 015DS UT WOS:000235532700027 PM 16464050 ER PT J AU Blinov, ML Yang, J Faeder, JR Hlavacek, WS AF Blinov, ML Yang, J Faeder, JR Hlavacek, WS TI Depicting signaling cascades SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID COMBINATORIAL COMPLEXITY; TRANSDUCTION; RECEPTORS C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Blinov, ML (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wish@lanl.gov OI Hlavacek, William/0000-0003-4383-8711 NR 16 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 24 IS 2 BP 137 EP 138 DI 10.1038/nbt0206-137 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 010XW UT WOS:000235232300012 PM 16465147 ER PT J AU Frahm, N Kiepiela, P Adams, S Linde, CH Hewitt, HS Sango, K Feeney, ME Addo, MM Lichterfeld, M Lahaie, MP Pae, E Wurcel, AG Roach, T St John, MA Altfeld, M Marincola, FM Moore, C Mallal, S Carrington, M Heckerman, D Allen, TM Mullins, JI Korber, BT Goulder, PJR Walker, BD Brander, C AF Frahm, N Kiepiela, P Adams, S Linde, CH Hewitt, HS Sango, K Feeney, ME Addo, MM Lichterfeld, M Lahaie, MP Pae, E Wurcel, AG Roach, T St John, MA Altfeld, M Marincola, FM Moore, C Mallal, S Carrington, M Heckerman, D Allen, TM Mullins, JI Korber, BT Goulder, PJR Walker, BD Brander, C TI Control of human immunodeficiency virus replication by cytotoxic T lymphocytes targeting subdominant epitopes SO NATURE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HLA-B; IMMUNE ESCAPE; HIV; RESPONSES; AIDS; TRANSMISSION; PROGRESSION; VACCINE; ADAPTATION; MUTATIONS AB Despite limited data supporting the superiority of dominant over subdominant responses, immunodominant epitopes represent the preferred vaccine candidates. To address the function of subdominant responses in human immunodeficiency virus infection, we analyzed cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses restricted by HLA-B*1503, a rare allele in a cohort infected with clade B, although common in one infected with clade C. HLA-B*1503 was associated with reduced viral loads in the clade B cohort but not the clade C cohort, although both shared the immunodominant response. Clade B viral control was associated with responses to several subdominant cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes, whereas their clade C variants were less well recognized. These data suggest that subdominant responses can contribute to in vivo viral control and that high HLA allele frequencies may drive the elimination of subdominant yet effective epitopes from circulating viral populations. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Partners AIDS Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div AIDS, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ KwaZulu Natal, ZA-4015 Durban, South Africa. Clin Ctr Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Fenway Community Hlth Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Lemuel Shattuck Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Bridgetown, Barbados. Royal Perth Hosp, Ctr Clin Immunol & Biomed Stat, Murdoch, WA 6000, Australia. Murdoch Univ, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. NCI, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, Lab Genom Divers, Basic Res Program, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Microsoft Corp, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, England. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD 20185 USA. RP Brander, C (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Partners AIDS Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM cbrander@partners.org RI Allen, Todd/F-5473-2011; OI Brander, Christian/0000-0002-0548-5778; Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-12400]; NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-15422, R01-AI-067077] NR 32 TC 163 Z9 168 U1 2 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1529-2908 J9 NAT IMMUNOL JI Nat. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 7 IS 2 BP 173 EP 178 DI 10.1038/ni1281 PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 005DB UT WOS:000234801700018 PM 16369537 ER PT J AU Pauzauskie, PJ Radenovic, A Trepagnier, E Shroff, H Yang, PD Liphardt, J AF Pauzauskie, PJ Radenovic, A Trepagnier, E Shroff, H Yang, PD Liphardt, J TI Optical trapping and integration of semiconductor nanowire assemblies in water SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES; MANIPULATION; ALIGNMENT; NANOTUBES; TWEEZERS; OBJECTS; FORCE; BEAM AB Semiconductor nanowires have received much attention owing to their potential use as building blocks of miniaturized electrical(1), nanofluidic(2) and optical devices(3). Although chemical nanowire synthesis procedures have matured and now yield nanowires with specific compositions(4) and growth directions(5), the use of these materials in scientific, biomedical and microelectronic applications is greatly restricted owing to a lack of methods to assemble nanowires into complex heterostructures with high spatial and angular precision. Here we show that an infrared single-beam optical trap can be used to individually trap, transfer and assemble high-aspect-ratio semiconductor nanowires into arbitrary structures in a fluid environment. Nanowires with diameters as small as 20 nm and aspect ratios of more than 100 can be trapped and transported in three dimensions, enabling the construction of nanowire architectures that may function as active photonic devices. Moreover, nanowire structures can now be assembled in physiological environments, offering new forms of chemical, mechanical and optical stimulation of living cells. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liphardt, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM p_yang@berkeley.edu; liphardt@physics.berkeley.edu RI Radenovic, Aleksandra/C-5350-2011; Liphardt, Jan/A-5906-2012; Pauzauskie, Peter/A-1316-2014; Shroff, Hari/E-7247-2016; OI Shroff, Hari/0000-0003-3613-8215; Liphardt, Jan/0000-0003-2835-5025 NR 29 TC 243 Z9 250 U1 8 U2 89 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 5 IS 2 BP 97 EP 101 DI 10.1038/nmat1563 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 008SC UT WOS:000235060000015 PM 16429143 ER PT J AU Janssens, KGF Olmsted, D Holm, EA Foiles, SM Plimpton, SJ Derlet, PM AF Janssens, KGF Olmsted, D Holm, EA Foiles, SM Plimpton, SJ Derlet, PM TI Computing the mobility of grain boundaries SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; 3 DIMENSIONS; SIMULATION; MIGRATION; RECRYSTALLIZATION; GROWTH; ALUMINUM; METALS; MODEL AB As current experimental and simulation methods cannot determine the mobility of. at boundaries across the large misorientation phase space, we have developed a computational method for imposing an artificial driving force on boundaries. In a molecular dynamics simulation, this allows us to go beyond the inherent timescale restrictions of the technique and induce non-negligible motion in. at boundaries of arbitrary misorientation. For different series of symmetric boundaries, we find both expected and unexpected results. In general, mobility increases as the grain boundary plane deviates from (111), but high-coincidence and low-angle boundaries represent special cases. These results agree with and enrich experimental observations. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Virtual Mfg, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RP Janssens, KGF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1411, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM janssens@ivp.mavt.ethz.ch RI Janssens, Koenraad/A-1883-2009; Holm, Elizabeth/S-2612-2016; OI Janssens, Koenraad/0000-0001-9776-3431; Holm, Elizabeth/0000-0003-3064-5769; Foiles, Stephen/0000-0002-1907-454X NR 25 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 10 U2 68 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 5 IS 2 BP 124 EP 127 DI 10.1038/nmat1559 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 008SC UT WOS:000235060000021 PM 16400330 ER PT J AU Xu, GY Zhong, Z Bing, Y Ye, ZG Shirane, G AF Xu, GY Zhong, Z Bing, Y Ye, ZG Shirane, G TI Electric-field-induced redistribution of polar nano-regions in a relaxor ferroelectric SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CENTRAL-PEAK; PBMG1/3NB2/3O3; MODEL; PB(ZN1/3NB2/3)O-3 AB Relaxor ferroelectrics, with their strong dependence of polarization on the applied electric field, are of considerable technological importance. On a microscopic scale, however, there exists competition as well as coexistence between short-range and long-range polar order. The conventional picture is that the polar nano-regions (PNRs) that appear at high temperatures beyond the Curie transition, form nuclei for the field-induced long-range order at low temperatures. Here, we report high-energy X-ray diffuse-scattering measurements on the relaxor Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3) O-3 (PZN) to study the short-range polar order under an electric field applied along the [ 111] direction. In contrast to conventional expectations, the overall diffuse-scattering intensity is not suppressed. On the other hand, the field induces a marked change on the shape of the three-dimensional diffuse-scattering intensity pattern, corresponding to a redistribution of PNRs in real space. We show that these surprising results are consistent with a model in which the PNRs with [ 110]-type polarizations, orthogonal to that of the surrounding environment, are embedded and persist in the [111]-polarized ferroelectric order of the bulk. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Xu, GY (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM gxu@bnl.gov RI Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010 OI Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275 NR 43 TC 152 Z9 154 U1 6 U2 82 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 5 IS 2 BP 134 EP 140 DI 10.1038/nmat1560 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 008SC UT WOS:000235060000023 PM 16415875 ER PT J AU Quiney, HM Peele, AG Cai, Z Paterson, D Nugent, KA AF Quiney, HM Peele, AG Cai, Z Paterson, D Nugent, KA TI Diffractive imaging of highly focused X-ray fields SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-RETRIEVAL ALGORITHMS; MICROSCOPY; MAGNITUDE AB The rapid development of new sources of coherent X-rays, such as third-generation synchrotrons, high-harmonic-generation lasers' and X-ray free-electron lasers', has led to the emergence of the new field of X-ray coherent science. The extension of coherent methods to the X-ray regime makes possible methods such as coherent diffraction, X-ray photoncorrelation spectroscopy, speckle interferometry and ultrafast probing at atomic resolution and femtosecond timescales. Despite rapid improvements in the resolution that conventional X-ray optics can achieve, new methods for manipulating X-rays are required to push this to the atomic scale(3). Here we demonstrate a coherent imaging technique that enables us to image the complex field at the focus of an X-ray zone plate without the need for conventional X-ray lenses. There are no fundamental limits on the resolution of this lensless imaging technique other than the wavelength of the X-rays themselves. The ability to characterize the beam with one measurement makes the method ideally suited to characterizing the fields generated by pulsed coherent X-ray sources. C1 Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. La Trobe Univ, Dept Phys, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Nugent, KA (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM k.nugent@physics.unimelb.edu.au RI Nugent, Keith/J-2699-2012; Nugent, Keith/I-4154-2016 OI Nugent, Keith/0000-0003-1522-8991; Nugent, Keith/0000-0002-4281-3478 NR 17 TC 154 Z9 155 U1 3 U2 40 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 2 IS 2 BP 101 EP 104 DI 10.1038/nphys218 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 014FM UT WOS:000235464700019 ER PT J AU Martiny, JBH Bohannan, BJM Brown, JH Colwell, RK Fuhrman, JA Green, JL Horner-Devine, MC Kane, M Krumins, JA Kuske, CR Morin, PJ Naeem, S Ovreas, L Reysenbach, AL Smith, VH Staley, JT AF Martiny, JBH Bohannan, BJM Brown, JH Colwell, RK Fuhrman, JA Green, JL Horner-Devine, MC Kane, M Krumins, JA Kuske, CR Morin, PJ Naeem, S Ovreas, L Reysenbach, AL Smith, VH Staley, JT TI Microbial biogeography: putting microorganisms on the map SO NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID BACTERIAL COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SPECIES RICHNESS; BODY-SIZE; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; ESTUARINE GRADIENT; SALINITY GRADIENT; OCEANIC PROVINCES; DIVERSITY AB We review the biogeography of microorganisms in light of the biogeography of macroorganisms. A large body of research supports the idea that free-living microbial taxa exhibit biogeographic patterns. Current evidence confirms that, as proposed by the Baas-Becking hypothesis, 'the environment selects' and is, in part, responsible for spatial variation in microbial diversity. However, recent studies also dispute the idea that 'everything is everywhere'. We also consider how the processes that generate and maintain biogeographic patterns in macroorganisms could operate in the microbial world. C1 Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Sci Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95344 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Natl Sci Fdn, Div Mol & Celluler Biosci, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, Bergen, Norway. Portland State Univ, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Martiny, JBH (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 80 Waterman St,Box G-W, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM jennifer_martiny@brown.edu RI Green, Jessica/C-4828-2009; Fuhrman, Jed/C-6461-2013; Colwell, Robert/C-7276-2015; Ovreas, Lise/H-8651-2016; OI Martiny, Jennifer/0000-0002-2415-1247 NR 110 TC 980 Z9 1030 U1 65 U2 571 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1740-1526 J9 NAT REV MICROBIOL JI Nat. Rev. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 4 IS 2 BP 102 EP 112 DI 10.1038/nrmicro1341 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 003WV UT WOS:000234713700010 PM 16415926 ER PT J AU Bowie, JU AF Bowie, JU TI Flip-flopping membrane proteins SO NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID X-RAY-STRUCTURE; MULTIDRUG TRANSPORTER EMRE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CONDUCTING CHANNEL; TOPOLOGY; SELECTIVITY C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, UCLA DOE Inst Genom & Proteom, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Bowie, JU (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Inst Mol Biol, Boyer Hall,611 Charles E Young Dr,E, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM bowie@mbi.ucla.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA081000, R01 CA081000-08, R01 CA081000-09] NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1545-9985 J9 NAT STRUCT MOL BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 13 IS 2 BP 94 EP 96 DI 10.1038/nsmb0206-94 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 010BX UT WOS:000235160500002 PM 16462808 ER PT J AU Colon-Ramos, DA Shenvi, CL Weitzel, DH Gan, EC Matts, R Cate, J Kornbluth, S AF Colon-Ramos, DA Shenvi, CL Weitzel, DH Gan, EC Matts, R Cate, J Kornbluth, S TI Direct ribosomal binding by a cellular inhibitor of translation SO NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SITE-MEDIATED TRANSLATION; ENTRY SITE; INITIATION-FACTORS; STRESS RESPONSES; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; AUG RECOGNITION; MESSENGER-RNAS; APOPTOSIS; VIRUS; PROTEINS AB During apoptosis and under conditions of cellular stress, several signaling pathways promote inhibition of cap-dependent translation while allowing continued translation of specific messenger RNAs encoding regulatory and stress-response proteins. We report here that the apoptotic regulator Reaper inhibits protein synthesis by binding directly to the 40S ribosomal subunit. This interaction does not affect either ribosomal association of initiation factors or formation of 43S or 48S complexes. Rather, it interferes with late initiation events upstream of 60S subunit joining, apparently modulating start-codon recognition during scanning. CrPV IRES - driven translation, involving direct ribosomal recruitment to the start site, is relatively insensitive to Reaper. Thus, Reaper is the first known cellular ribosomal binding factor with the potential to allow selective translation of mRNAs initiating at alternative start codons or from certain IRES elements. This function of Reaper may modulate gene expression programs to affect cell fate. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Chem & Mol Biol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Canc Biol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Kornbluth, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM kornb001@mc.duke.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM65050, R01 GM61919, R01 GM065050, R01 GM061919-03S1, R01 GM061919-01, R01 GM061919] NR 54 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1545-9985 J9 NAT STRUCT MOL BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 13 IS 2 BP 103 EP 111 DI 10.1038/nsmb1052 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 010BX UT WOS:000235160500007 PM 16429152 ER PT J AU Miklossy, J Kis, A Radenovic, A Miller, L Forro, L Martins, R Reiss, K Darbinian, N Darekar, P Mihaly, L Khalili, K AF Miklossy, J Kis, A Radenovic, A Miller, L Forro, L Martins, R Reiss, K Darbinian, N Darekar, P Mihaly, L Khalili, K TI Beta-amyloid deposition and Alzheimer's type changes induced by Borrelia spirochetes SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING LA English DT Article DE Alzheimer's disease; hyperphosphorylated tau; neurofibrillary tangles; amyloid precursor protein; granulovacuolar degeneration ID INFRARED MICROSPECTROSCOPY; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; FIBRIL FORMATION; GLIAL-CELLS; DISEASE; PROTEIN; BRAIN; EXPRESSION; PRECURSOR; TREPONEMA AB The pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) consist of P-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in affected brain areas. The processes, which drive this host reaction are unknown. To determine whether an analogous host reaction to that occurring in AD could be induced by infectious agents, we exposed mammalian glial and neuronal cells in vitro to Borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes and to the inflammatory bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Morphological changes analogous to the amyloid deposits of AD brain were observed following 2-8 weeks of exposure to the spirochetes. Increased levels of beta-amyloid presursor protein (A beta PP) and hyperphosphorylated tau were also detected by Western blots of extracts of cultured cells that had been treated with spirochetes or LPS. These observations indicate that, by exposure to bacteria or to their toxic products, host responses similar in nature to those observed in AD may be induced. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ British Columbia, Kinsmen Lab Neurol Res, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. CHU Vaudois, Univ Med Sch, Univ Inst Pathol, Div Neuropathol, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Phys, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Western Australia, Hollywood Private Hosp, Sch Psychiat & Clin Neurosci, Sir James McCusker Alzheimers Dis Res Unit, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. Temple Univ, Coll Sci & Technol, Ctr Neurovirol & Canc Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Miklossy, J (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Kinsmen Lab Neurol Res, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. EM judmik@telus.net RI Radenovic, Aleksandra/C-5350-2011; Kis, Andras/A-4631-2011 OI Kis, Andras/0000-0002-3426-7702 NR 35 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0197-4580 J9 NEUROBIOL AGING JI Neurobiol. Aging PD FEB PY 2006 VL 27 IS 2 BP 228 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.01.018 PG 9 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 004WD UT WOS:000234782400005 PM 15894409 ER PT J AU Walter, MD Schultz, M Andersen, RA AF Walter, MD Schultz, M Andersen, RA TI Weak paramagnetism in compounds of the type CP ' Yb-2(bipy) SO NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-SPIN RESONANCE; CYCLOPENTADIENYL RADICALS; COORDINATION-COMPOUNDS; COMPLEXES; YTTERBOCENES; STATE; SUBSTITUENTS; YTTERBIUM; CHEMISTRY; EXCHANGE AB Measuring the magnetic moments of solids that are air and moisture sensitive is difficult, particularly when the net magnetic moments are small, as is the case for the organometallic compounds described here. The use of quartz tubes to contain the compounds has been developed and applied to substituted ytterbocene bipyridine complexes, some of which were previously reported as diamagnetic. The SQUID measurements quantify the extent of paramagnetism and they correlate with the qualitative variable temperature H-1 NMR spectra. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Andersen, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM raandersen@lbl.gov RI Schultz, Madeleine/B-4131-2011; Walter, Marc/E-4479-2012 OI Schultz, Madeleine/0000-0001-7967-5147; NR 21 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1144-0546 J9 NEW J CHEM JI New J. Chem. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 30 IS 2 BP 238 EP 246 DI 10.1039/b512865j PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 016XE UT WOS:000235654400025 ER PT J AU Isaacs, T AF Isaacs, T TI Going underground SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Isaacs, T (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mail Code L-19, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILMINGTON PUBLISHING PI SIDCUP PA WILMINGTON HOUSE, MAIDSTONE RD, FOOTS CRAY, SIDCUP DA14 SHZ, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0029-5507 J9 NUCL ENG INT JI Nucl. Eng. Int. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 51 IS 619 BP 38 EP + PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 016TX UT WOS:000235644400017 ER PT J AU Nakajima, N Hudson, SR Hegna, CC Nakamura, Y AF Nakajima, N Hudson, SR Hegna, CC Nakamura, Y TI Boundary modulation effects on MHD instabilities in heliotrons SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID LARGE HELICAL DEVICE; 3-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIA; NUMBER BALLOONING MODES; HELIOTRON/TORSATRON SYSTEM; BETA; MERCIER; LHD; CONFIGURATIONS; STABILITY; PLASMAS AB In three-dimensional configurations, the confinement region is surrounded by the stochastic magnetic field lines related to magnetic islands or separatrix, leading to the fact that the plasma-vacuum boundary is not so definite compared with tokamaks that the various modulations of the plasma-vacuum boundary will be induced around the stochastic region by synergetic effects between a transport around the stochastic region and a large Shafranov shift of the whole plasma, in especially high-beta operations. To examine such modulation effects of the plasma boundary on MHD instabilities, high-beta plasmas allowing a large Shafranov shift or a large Pfirsch-Schluter current are considered in the inward-shifted LHD configurations with the vacuum magnetic axis R-ax of 3.6 m, for which previous theoretical analyses based on fixed MHD equilibria indicate that pressure-driven modes are significantly more unstable compared with experimental observations. The concept of the averaged flux surfaces allowing a movement of the equilibrium plasma into the stochastic region is introduced, which induces a boundary modulation and, at the same time, reduces the discrepancy on MHD equilibria between the experimentally obtained and theoretically considered. As a result, it is shown that the boundary modulation, namely, the whole plasma outward-shift due to a large Pfirsch-Schluter current has significant stabilizing effects on ideal MHD instabilities, leading to partially resolving the discrepancy on MHD stability between experimental results and theoretical analyses. C1 Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki 5095292, Japan. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Energy Sci, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. RP Nakajima, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Fus Sci, Oroshi Cho 322-6, Toki 5095292, Japan. EM nakajima@nifs.ac.jp RI Hudson, Stuart/H-7186-2013 OI Hudson, Stuart/0000-0003-1530-2733 NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 177 EP 199 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/46/2/001 PG 23 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 016DI UT WOS:000235600500001 ER PT J AU Heidbrink, WW Fredrickson, ED Gorelenkov, NN Rhodes, TL Van Zeeland, MA AF Heidbrink, WW Fredrickson, ED Gorelenkov, NN Rhodes, TL Van Zeeland, MA TI Observation of compressional Alfven eigenmodes (CAE) in a conventional tokamak SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID ION-CYCLOTRON EMISSION; FAST MAGNETOACOUSTIC WAVES; DIII-D TOKAMAK; ENERGETIC IONS; INSTABILITY; DRIVEN; JET; PLASMAS; PARAMETERS; BEHAVIOR AB Fast-ion instabilities with frequencies somewhat below the ion cyclotron frequency occur frequently in spherical tokamaks such as the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX). NSTX and the DIII-D tokamak are nearly ideal for fast-ion similarity experiments, having similar neutral beams, fast-ion to Alfven speed v(f)/v(A), fast-ion pressure, and shape of the plasma but with a factor of two difference in major radius. When DIII-D is operated at low field (0.6 T), compressional Alfven eigenmode (CAE) instabilities appear that closely resemble the NSTX instabilities. In particular, the mode frequencies, polarization and beam-energy threshold are nearly identical to NSTX. CAE in high-field discharges and emission at cyclotron harmonics are also observed. As on NSTX, the basic stability properties are consistent with the idea that the instability is driven by anisotropy in the fast-ion velocity distribution and is damped predominantly by Landau damping of electrons. The results suggest that these modes might be excited in ITER. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Heidbrink, WW (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 324 EP 334 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/46/2/016 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 016DI UT WOS:000235600500016 ER PT J AU Jones, CS Finn, JM AF Jones, CS Finn, JM TI MHD equilibrium reconstruction in the presence of correlated data SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID FIELD; TOKAMAK AB Typical equilibrium reconstructions for axisymmetric plasma confinement devices involve a nonlinear least squares minimization with respect to parameters of the Grad-Shafranov equation. These parameters specify the toroidal field and pressure as functions of the poloidal flux, and the fit minimizes a cost function, chi(2), which involves measurements such as the tangential poloidal field near the boundary. Most fitting procedures in use weigh the terms in chi(2) by the variances of the measurements, but none accounts for the possibility of correlations between the measurements. Results presented here indicate that the presence of correlations may have a strong effect on the fidelity of the fit, possibly beneficial when they are optimally accounted for but quite detrimental otherwise. These results also show that increasing the number of measurements of the same type can have little effect when the additional measurements are within a correlation scale length of the previous measurements. A further issue is that the toroidal field and pressure terms in the Grad-Shafranov equation play nearly the same role, leading to a near-degeneracy in the fit. Internal pressure measurements most effectively mitigate this near-degeneracy when correlations are optimally treated. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jones, CS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS K-717, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM csjones@lanl.gov; finn@lanl.gov NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 335 EP 349 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/46/2/017 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 016DI UT WOS:000235600500017 ER PT J AU Kurita, G Bialek, J Tuda, T Azumi, M Ishida, S Navratil, GA Sakurai, S Tamai, H Matsukawa, M Ozeki, T Chu, MS Chance, MS Miura, Y AF Kurita, G Bialek, J Tuda, T Azumi, M Ishida, S Navratil, GA Sakurai, S Tamai, H Matsukawa, M Ozeki, T Chu, MS Chance, MS Miura, Y TI Critical beta analyses with ferromagnetic and plasma rotation effects and wall geometry for a high beta steady state tokamak SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID RESISTIVE WALL; DIII-D; FEEDBACK STABILIZATION; EXTERNAL-MODES; INSTABILITIES; LIMIT; KINK AB The critical beta, which is limited by an external kink mode with Alfven wave time scale, is shown to be decreased by ferromagnetic effect by about 8% for mu/mu(o) similar to 2 where mu and mu(o) denote the permeability of a ferromagnetic wall and vacuum, respectively, for a tokamak of aspect ratio 3. The existence of the stability window in the wall distance for resistive wall mode opened by the effects of both the toroidal plasma rotation and the plasma dissipation, which was not observed for the high aspect ratio tokamak, is found for the tokamak of aspect ratio 3. The effect of ferromagnetism on them is also investigated. The critical beta analyses of the National Centralized Tokamak (NCT) plasma using the VALEN code are started by stabilizing plate and vacuum vessel geometry with finite resistivity, and the results of the passive effect of the stabilizing plate are obtained. The calculations including the stabilizing effect of the vacuum vessel and also active feedback control are performed for a design of the NCT plasma. C1 Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Fus Res & Dev Directorate, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Kurita, G (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Fus Res & Dev Directorate, 801-1 Mukoyama, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. EM kurita.gennichi@jaea.go.jp NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 383 EP 390 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/46/2/020 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 016DI UT WOS:000235600500020 ER PT J AU Chattopadhyay, S AF Chattopadhyay, S TI Motivation and goals of ERL 2005 SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE ERL; beam physics; accelerator technology; diagnostics; control; photon sources; electron coolers AB Various types of ERL sources are introduced. the relevant beam physics and accelerator technology issues noted, innovative areas of development identified and current and future goals of ERL research and development established. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Chattopadhyay, S (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM swapan@jlab.org NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 557 IS 1 BP 3 EP 5 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.10.106 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 011HR UT WOS:000235259400002 ER PT J AU Neil, GR Behre, C Benson, SV Bevins, M Biallas, G Boyce, J Coleman, J Dillon-Townes, LA Douglas, D Dylla, HF Evans, R Grippo, A Gruber, D Gubeli, J Hardy, D Hernandez-Garcia, C Jordan, K Kelley, MJ Merminga, L Mammosser, J Moore, W Nishimori, N Pozdeyev, E Preble, J Rimmer, R Shinn, M Siggins, T Tennant, C Walker, R Williams, GP Zhang, S AF Neil, GR Behre, C Benson, SV Bevins, M Biallas, G Boyce, J Coleman, J Dillon-Townes, LA Douglas, D Dylla, HF Evans, R Grippo, A Gruber, D Gubeli, J Hardy, D Hernandez-Garcia, C Jordan, K Kelley, MJ Merminga, L Mammosser, J Moore, W Nishimori, N Pozdeyev, E Preble, J Rimmer, R Shinn, M Siggins, T Tennant, C Walker, R Williams, GP Zhang, S TI The JLab high power ERL light source SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd ICFA Advanced Bean Dynamics Workshop on Energy Recovering Linacs (ERL2005) CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab, Newport New, VA HO US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab DE energy recovery; free electron lasers; superconductivity; high power oscillator; linac ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; JEFFERSON-LAB; FEL; OPERATION AB A new THz/IR/UV photon source at Jefferson Lab is the first of a new generation of light sources based on an Energy-Recovered, (superconducting) Linac (ERL). The machine has a 160 MeV electron beam and an average current of 10 mA in 75 MHz repetition rate hundred femtosecond bunches. These electron bunches pass through a magnetic chicane and therefore emit synchrotron radiation. For wavelengths longer than the electron bunch the electrons radiate coherently a broadband THz similar to half cycle pulse whose average brightness is > 5 orders of magnitude higher than synchrotron IR sources. Previous measurements showed 20W of average power extracted [Carr, et a]., Nature 420 (2002) 153]. The new facility offers simultaneous synchrotron light from the visible through the FIR along with broadband THz production of 100 fs pulses with > 200W of average power. The FELs also provide record-breaking laser power [Neil, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 (2000) 6621: up to 10 kW of average power in the IR from 1 to 14 mu m in 400 fs pulses at up to 74.85 MHz repetition rates and soon will produce similar pulses of 300-1000nm light at up to 3 kW of average power from the UV FEL. These ultrashort pulses are ideal for maximizing the interaction with material surfaces. The optical beams are Gaussian with nearly perfect beam quality. See www.jlab.org/FEL for details of the operating characteristics; a wide variety of pulse train configurations are feasible from 10ms long at high repetition rates to continuous operation. The THz and IR system has been commissioned. The UV system is to follow in 2005. The light is transported to user laboratories for basic and applied research. Additional lasers synchronized to the FEL are also available. Past activities have included production of carbon nanotubes, studies of vibrational relaxation of interstitial hydrogen in silicon, pulsed laser deposition and ablation, nitriding of metals, and energy flow in proteins. This paper will present the status of the system and discuss some of the discoveries we have made concerning the physics performance, design optimization, and operational limitations of such a first generation high power ERL light source. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Neil, GR (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 1200 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM neil@jlab.org OI EVANS, ROBIN/0000-0002-7988-3189 NR 24 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 557 IS 1 BP 9 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.10.047 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 011HR UT WOS:000235259400003 ER PT J AU Ben-Zvi, I Derbenev, Y Litvinenko, VN Merminga, L AF Ben-Zvi, I Derbenev, Y Litvinenko, VN Merminga, L TI Energy recovery linacs in high-energy and nuclear physics SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd ICFA Advanced Bean Dynamics Workshop on Energy Recovering Linacs (ERL2005) CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab, Newport New, VA HO US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab DE energy recovery linac; high average current; superconducting RF; collider AB Energy recovery linacs (ERL) have significant potential uses in high energy physics and nuclear physics. We describe some of the potential applications which are under development by our laboratories in this area, and the technology issues that are associated with these applications. The applications that we discuss are electron cooling of high-energy hadron beams and electron-nucleon colliders. The common issues for some of these applications are high currents of polarized electrons, high-charge and high-current electron beams and the associated issues of high-order modes. The advantages of ERLs for these applications are numerous and will be outlined in the text. It is worth noting that some of these advantages are the high brightness of the ERL beams and their relative immunity to beam-beam disturbances. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Ben-Zvi, I (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, MS 911B, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM ilan@bnl.gov NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 557 IS 1 BP 28 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.10.057 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 011HR UT WOS:000235259400006 ER PT J AU Dowell, DH Lewellen, JW Nguyen, D Rimmer, R AF Dowell, DH Lewellen, JW Nguyen, D Rimmer, R TI The status of normal conducting RF (NCRF) guns, a summary of the ERL2005 workshop SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd ICFA Advanced Bean Dynamics Workshop on Energy Recovering Linacs (ERL2005) CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab, Newport New, VA HO US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab DE RF guns; normal conducting; superconducting; radio frequency fields ID INJECTOR AB The 32nd Advanced ICFA Beam Dynamics Workshop on Energy Recovering Linacs (ERL2005) was held at Jefferson Laboratory, March 20-23, 2005. A wide range of ERL-related topics were presented and discussed in several working groups with Working Group I concentrating upon the physics and technology issues for DC, superconducting RIF (SRF) and normal conducting RIF (NCRF) guns. This paper summarizes the NCRF gun talks and reviews the status of NCRF gun technology. It begins with the presentations made on the subject of low-frequency, high-duty factor guns most appropriate for ERLs. One such gun at 433 MHz was demonstrated at 25%DF in 1992, while the CW and much improved version is currently being constructed at 700 MHz for LANL. In addition, the idea of combining the NCRF gun with a SRF linac booster was presented and is described in this paper. There was also a talk on high-field guns typically used for SASE-free electron lasers. In particular, the DESY coaxial RIF feed design provides rotationally symmetric RIF fields and greater flexibility in the placement of the focusing magnetic field. While in the LCLS approach.. the symmetric fields are obtained with a dual RIF feed and racetrack cell shape. Although these guns cannot be operated at high-duty factor, they do produce the best quality beams. With these limitations in mind, a section with material not presented at the workshop has been included in the paper. This work describes a re-entrant approach which may allow NCRF guns to operate with simultaneously increased RF fields and duty factors. And finally, a novel proposal describing a high-duty factor, two-frequency RIF gun using a field emission source instead of a laser driven photocathode was also presented. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Dowell, DH (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dowell@slac.stanford.edu OI Nguyen, Dinh/0000-0001-8017-6599 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 557 IS 1 BP 61 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.10.052 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 011HR UT WOS:000235259400010 ER PT J AU Burrill, A Ben-Zvi, I Calaga, R Chang, X Hahn, H Kayran, D Kewisch, J Litvinenko, V McIntyre, G Nicoletti, A Pate, D Rank, J Scaduto, J Rao, T Wu, K Zaltsman, A Zhao, Y Bluem, H Cole, M Falletta, M Holmes, D Peterson, E Rathke, J Schultheiss, T Todd, A Wong, R Lewellen, J Funk, W Kneisel, P Phillips, L Preble, J Janssen, D Nguyen-Tuong, V AF Burrill, A Ben-Zvi, I Calaga, R Chang, X Hahn, H Kayran, D Kewisch, J Litvinenko, V McIntyre, G Nicoletti, A Pate, D Rank, J Scaduto, J Rao, T Wu, K Zaltsman, A Zhao, Y Bluem, H Cole, M Falletta, M Holmes, D Peterson, E Rathke, J Schultheiss, T Todd, A Wong, R Lewellen, J Funk, W Kneisel, P Phillips, L Preble, J Janssen, D Nguyen-Tuong, V TI BNL superconducting RF guns-technology challenges as ERL sources SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd ICFA Advanced Bean Dynamics Workshop on Energy Recovering Linacs (ERL2005) CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab, Newport New, VA HO US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab DE energy recovery linac; high average current; superconducting RF; photoinjector design; ampere class; photocathode AB The design, fabrication and commissioning of a 703.75 MHz SRF photoinjector with a retractable multi-alkali photocathode designed to deliver 0.5A average current at 100% duty factor is the present undertaking of the electron cooling group in the Collider Accelerator Division of Brookhaven National Labs. This photoinjector represents the state of the art in photoinjector technology, orders of magnitude beyond the presently available technology, and should be commissioned by 2007. The R&D effort presently underway, and the focus of this paper, will address the numerous technological challenges that must be met for this project to succeed. These include the novel physics design of the cavity, the challenges of inserting and operating a multi-alkali photocathode in the photoinjector at these high average currents, and the design and installation of a laser system capable of delivering the required 10s of watts of laser power needed to make this photoinjector operational. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Advance Energy Syst, Medford, MA USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL USA. Jefferson Natl Lab, Newport News, VA USA. FZ Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany. Tunnel Dust Inc, Newport News, VA USA. RP Burrill, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, MS 817, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM aburrill@bnl.gov RI Kayran, Dmitry/E-1876-2013 OI Kayran, Dmitry/0000-0002-1156-4384 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 557 IS 1 BP 75 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.10.054 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 011HR UT WOS:000235259400012 ER PT J AU Rosenzweig, JB Cook, AM England, RJ Dunning, M Anderson, SG Ferrario, M AF Rosenzweig, JB Cook, AM England, RJ Dunning, M Anderson, SG Ferrario, M TI Emittance compensation with dynamically optimized photoelectron beam profiles SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Energy Recovering Linacs (ERL2005) CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA HO US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab DE emittance; brightness; space-charge; collective effects; electron source AB Much of the theory and experimentation concerning creation of a high-brightness electron beam from a photocathode, and then applying emittance compensation techniques, assumes that one must strive for a uniform density electron beam, having a cylindrical shape. On the other hand, this shape has large nonlinearities in the space-charge field profiles near the beam's longitudinal extrema. These nonlinearities are known to produce both transverse and longitudinal emittance growth. On the other hand, it has recently been shown by Luiten that by illuminating the cathode with an ultra-short laser pulse of appropriate transverse profile, a uniform density, ellipsoidally shaped bunch is dynamically formed, which then has linear space-charge fields in all dimensions inside of the bunch. We study here this process, and its marriage to the standard emittance compensation scenario that is implemented in most recent photoinjectors. It is seen that the two processes are compatible, with simulations indicating a very high brightness beam can be obtained. The robustness of this scheme to systematic errors is examined. Prospects for experimental tests of this scheme are discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lab Nazl Frascati, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. RP Rosenzweig, JB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM rosen@physics.ucla.edu RI Cook, Alan/D-2557-2013 NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 557 IS 1 BP 87 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.10.055 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 011HR UT WOS:000235259400014 ER PT J AU Wang, CX AF Wang, CX TI Comment on the invariant-envelope solution in rf photoinjectors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd ICFA Advanced Bean Dynamics Workshop on Energy Recovering Linacs (ERL2005) CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab, Newport New, VA HO US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab DE invariant envelope; emittance compensation; rf photo-injector; high-intensity laminar beams; reduced beam envelope equation AB The beam envelope equation has been used to address the beam dynamics in rf photoinjectors. A special solution of the envelope equation, known as the invariant envelope, plays a critical role in the theory of emittance compensation. In this comment, I will present a different view of the invariant envelope solution that better delineates its properties and simplifies the picture of beam dynamics. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, CX (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM wangcx@aps.anl.gov NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 557 IS 1 BP 94 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.10.058 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 011HR UT WOS:000235259400015 ER PT J AU Limborg-Deprey, C Bolton, PR AF Limborg-Deprey, C Bolton, PR TI Optimum electron distributions for space charge dominated beams in photoinjectors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd ICFA Advanced Bean Dynamics Workshop on Energy Recovering Linacs (ERL2005) CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab, Newport New, VA HO US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab DE photoinjector; space charge; emittance compensation; drive laser; free electron lasers AB The optimum photo-electron distribution from the cathode of an RF photoinjector producing a space charge dominated beam is a uniform distribution contained in an ellipsoid. For such a bunch distribution, the space charge forces are linear and the emittance growth induced by those forces is totally reversible and consequently can be compensated. With the appropriate tuning of the emittance compensation optics, the emittance, at the end of photoinjector beamline, for an ellipsoidal laser pulse, would only have two contributions, the cathode emittance and the RF emittance. For the peak currents of 50 and 100 A required from the S-Band and L-Band RF gun photoinjectors discussed here, the RF emittance contribution is negligible. If such an ellipsoidal photo-electron distribution were available, the emittance at the end of the beamline could be reduced to the cathode emittance. Its value would be reduced by more than 40% from that obtained using cylindrical shape laser pulses. This potentially dramatic improvement warrants review of the challenges associated with the production of ellipsoidal photo-electrons. We assume the photo-electrons emission time to be short enough that the ellipsoidal electron pulse shape will come directly from the laser pulse. We shift the challenge to ellipsoidal laser pulse shaping. To expose limiting technical issues, we consider the generation of ellipsoidal laser pulse shape in terms of three different concepts. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Limborg-Deprey, C (reprint author), SLAC, MS 18,2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM limborg@slac.stanford.edu NR 22 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 557 IS 1 BP 106 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.10.061 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 011HR UT WOS:000235259400018 ER PT J AU Rao, T Burrill, A Chang, XY Smedley, J Nishitani, T Garcia, CH Poelker, M Seddon, E Hannon, FE Sinclair, CK Lewellen, J Feldman, D AF Rao, T Burrill, A Chang, XY Smedley, J Nishitani, T Garcia, CH Poelker, M Seddon, E Hannon, FE Sinclair, CK Lewellen, J Feldman, D TI Photocathodes for the energy recovery linacs SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd ICFA Advanced Bean Dynamics Workshop on Energy Recovering Linacs (ERL2005) CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab, Newport New, VA HO US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab DE energy recovery; recirculating linacs; free electron lasers; photocathodes; relativistic and non-relativistic electron beams ID ELECTRON SOURCE; GUN AB This paper presents an overview of existing and emerging technologies on electron sources that can service various energy recovering linacs under consideration. Photocathodes that can deliver average currents from 1 mA to 1 A, the pros and cons associated with these cathodes are addressed. Status of emerging technologies such as secondary emitters, cesiated dispenser cathodes, field and photon assisted field emitters and super lattice photocathodes are also reviewed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. JAERI, Ibaraki, Japan. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. Daresbury Lab, Warrington, Cheshire, England. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD USA. RP Rao, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, 535 B 20 Technol St, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM triveni@bnl.gov NR 25 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 557 IS 1 BP 124 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.10.112 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 011HR UT WOS:000235259400020 ER PT J AU Smith, SL Muratori, BD Owen, HL Hoffstaetter, GH Litvinenko, VN Ben-Zvi, I Bai, M Beebe-Wang, J Blaskiewicz, M Calaga, R Fischer, W Chang, XY Kayran, D Kewisch, J MacKay, WW Montag, C Parker, B Ptitsyn, V Roser, T Ruggiero, A Satogata, T Surrow, B Tepikian, S Trbojevic, D Yakimenko, V Zhang, SY Piot, P AF Smith, SL Muratori, BD Owen, HL Hoffstaetter, GH Litvinenko, VN Ben-Zvi, I Bai, M Beebe-Wang, J Blaskiewicz, M Calaga, R Fischer, W Chang, XY Kayran, D Kewisch, J MacKay, WW Montag, C Parker, B Ptitsyn, V Roser, T Ruggiero, A Satogata, T Surrow, B Tepikian, S Trbojevic, D Yakimenko, V Zhang, SY Piot, P TI Optic issues in ongoing ERL projects SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Energy Recovering Linacs (ERL2005) CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA HO US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab DE energy recovery; recirculating linacs; instabilities; free-electron lasers; optics AB A wide range of optics issues for energy recovery linac (ERL)-based projects are illustrated through the presentation of ongoing projects covering both light sources, at Cornell and Daresbury and high energy and nuclear physics accelerators at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. This presented range of projects demonstrates how the different designs teams see the challenges of studying and solving optics issues for their particular project's ERLs, with studies appropriate to the stage of maturity of the project. Finally, as an illustration of the complexity and detail behind a single aspect of ERL optics design we present an overview of the highly important generic topic of longitudinal phase space evolution in ERLs. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SERC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. BNL, Upton, NY USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Smith, SL (reprint author), SERC, Daresbury Lab, Keckwick Lane, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. EM s.l.smith@dl.ac.uk RI Kayran, Dmitry/E-1876-2013; Owen, Hywel/G-4548-2014 OI Kayran, Dmitry/0000-0002-1156-4384; Owen, Hywel/0000-0001-5028-2841 NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 557 IS 1 BP 145 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.10.064 PG 20 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 011HR UT WOS:000235259400023 ER PT J AU Litvinenko, VN Hajima, R Kayran, D AF Litvinenko, VN Hajima, R Kayran, D TI Merger designs for ERLs SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd ICFA Advanced Bean Dynamics Workshop on Energy Recovering Linacs (ERL2005) CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab, Newport New, VA HO US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab DE energy recovery linac; merger; electron sources; space charge dominated beams; emittance compensation; coherent synchrotron radiation ID COHERENT SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; EMITTANCE COMPENSATION; ENERGY-RECOVERY; MOTION AB Energy recovery linacs (ERLs) are potential candidates for the high power and high brightness electron beams sources. The main advantages of ERL are that electron beam is generated at relatively low energy, injected and accelerated to the operational energy in a linac, and after the use is decelerated in the same linac down to injection energy, and, finally, dumped. A merging system, i.e. a system merging together high energy and low energy beams, is an intrinsic part of any ERL loop. One of the challenges for generating high charge, high brightness electron beams in an ERL is development of a merging system. In this paper, we discuss merger system currently employed or planned to use for ERL as discuss their advantages and shortcomings. We also discuss analytical approach showing a way towards an optimal merger. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki 31911, Japan. RP Litvinenko, VN (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM vl@bnl.gov RI Kayran, Dmitry/E-1876-2013 OI Kayran, Dmitry/0000-0002-1156-4384 NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 557 IS 1 BP 165 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.10.065 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 011HR UT WOS:000235259400024 ER PT J AU Pozdeyev, E Tennant, C Bisognano, JJ Sawamura, M Hajima, R Smith, TI AF Pozdeyev, E Tennant, C Bisognano, JJ Sawamura, M Hajima, R Smith, TI TI Multipass beam breakup in energy recovery linacs SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd ICFA Advanced Bean Dynamics Workshop on Energy Recovering Linacs (ERL2005) CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab, Newport New, VA HO US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab DE energy recovery; recirculating linacs; instabilities; beam breakup; free electron lasers; radio frequency AB This paper is a compilation of several presentations on multipass beam breakup (BBU) in energy recovery linacs (ERLs) given at the 32nd Advanced ICFA Beam Workshop on ERLs. The goal of this paper is to summarize the progress achieved in analytical, numerical, and experimental studies of the instability and outline available and proposed BBU mitigation techniques. In this paper, a simplified theory of multipass BBU in recirculating linacs is presented. Several BBU suppression techniques and their working principles are discussed. The paper presents an overview of available BBU codes. Results of experimental studies of multipass BBU at the Jefferson Laboratory (JLab) FEL Upgrade are described. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Synchrotron Radiat Ctr, Stoughton, WI 53589 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. WW Hansen Expt Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Pozdeyev, E (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM pozdeyev@jlab.org NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 557 IS 1 BP 176 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.10.066 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 011HR UT WOS:000235259400025 ER PT J AU Bassi, G Agoh, T Dohlus, M Giannessi, L Hajima, R Kabel, A Limberg, T Quattromini, M AF Bassi, G Agoh, T Dohlus, M Giannessi, L Hajima, R Kabel, A Limberg, T Quattromini, M TI Overview of CSR codes SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Energy Recovering Linacs (ERL2005) CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA HO US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab DE CSR; coherent synchrotron; bunch compressor; charged-particle beams ID COHERENT SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; EMITTANCE GROWTH; BUNCH; SIMULATION; UNDULATOR AB Coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) effects play an important role in accelerator physics. CSR effects can be negative (emittance growth in bunch compressors and microbunching instability) or positive (production of CSR in a controlled way). Moreover.. CSR is of interest in other fields such as astrophysics. Only a few simple models have been solved analytically. This motivates the development of numerical procedures. In this review article we overview different numerical methods to study CSR effects. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Math & Stat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. DESY, Hamburg, Germany. CR Frascati, Div Fis Teor & Matemat Applicata, I-00044 Rome, Italy. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Bassi, G (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Math & Stat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM gbassi@math.unm.edu RI Giannessi, Luca/D-3117-2013 OI Giannessi, Luca/0000-0002-7643-9840 NR 60 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 557 IS 1 BP 189 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.10.067 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 011HR UT WOS:000235259400026 ER PT J AU Fedotov, AV AF Fedotov, AV TI Beam halo formation in high-intensity beams SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Energy Recovering Linacs (ERL2005) CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA HO US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab DE beam halo; space charge; emittance growth ID EMITTANCE AB Studies of beam halo became an unavoidable feature of high-intensity machines where uncontrolled beam loss should be kept to extremely small level. For a well-controlled stable beam such a loss is typically associated with the low-density halo surrounding beam core. In order to minimize uncontrolled beam loss or improve performance of an accelerator, it is very important to understand what are the sources of halo formation in a specific machine of interest. The dominant mechanisms are, in fact, different in linear accelerators, circular machines or energy recovering linacs (ERL). In this paper, we summarize basic mechanisms of halo formation in high-intensity beams and discuss their application to various types of accelerators of interest, such as linacs, rings and ERL. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fedotov, AV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM fedotov@bnl.gov NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 557 IS 1 BP 216 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.10.073 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 011HR UT WOS:000235259400029 ER PT J AU Hutton, A AF Hutton, A TI Push-pull FEL, a new ERL concept SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd ICFA Advanced Bean Dynamics Workshop on Energy Recovering Linacs (ERL2005) CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab, Newport New, VA HO US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab DE energy recovery; recirculating linacs; free electron lasers; radio frequency; superconductivity AB This proposal uses two sets of superconducting cavities with two identical electron beams going in opposite directions. Each set of superconducting cavities accelerates one electron beam and decelerates the other beam. This arrangement allows the energy used to accelerate one beam to be recovered and used again for the other beam. The difference between this proposal and other energy-recovery proposals is that each electron beam is decelerated by a different structure than that which accelerated it so this is energy exchange rather than energy recovery. If the superconducting cavities produce sufficient energy, a further simplification can occur. In this arrangement, the superconducting cavities are contained within the optical resonator with the light pulses traversing them. This arrangement leads to an extremely compact layout suitable for a university laboratory. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Hutton, A (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM andrew@jlab.org NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 557 IS 1 BP 220 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.10.074 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 011HR UT WOS:000235259400030 ER PT J AU Borland, M AF Borland, M TI Evaluation of the possibility of upgrading the advanced photon source to an energy recovery linac SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd ICFA Advanced Bean Dynamics Workshop on Energy Recovering Linacs (ERL2005) CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab, Newport New, VA HO US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab DE synchrotron radiation sources; beam dynamics; coherent synchrotron radiation AB One of the concepts being explored for a next-generation X-ray source is the energy recovery linac (ERL). It is well known that, as a synchrotron radiation source matures, the value of the X-ray beamlines and experimental infrastructure approaches and then exceeds the value of the accelerator complex. Hence, it makes sense to think of eventually upgrading the advanced photon source (APS) to an ERL. We explore through simulation the potential performance that might be obtained by injecting an ERL beam into the APS and circulating one or more turns. Issues covered include lattice choices, coherent synchrotron radiation effects, and bunch lengthening. We also give a comparison of the expected brightness to that of the present APS. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Borland, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM borland@aps.anl.gov NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 557 IS 1 BP 224 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.10.075 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 011HR UT WOS:000235259400031 ER PT J AU Borland, M AF Borland, M TI A super-bright storage ring alternative to an energy recovery linac SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd ICFA Advanced Bean Dynamics Workshop on Energy Recovering Linacs (ERL2005) CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab, Newport New, VA HO US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab DE synchrotron radiation sources AB One of the promised characteristics of an energy recovery linac (ERL) as a synchrotron light source is the very low emittance of the electron beam. A difficulty with ERLs is that, as yet, no one has demonstrated a gun that delivers average currents comparable to what has been demonstrated in storage rings, i.e., 0.1-1 A, with the required emittance and for the long periods of time necessary for a user facility. As an alternative to an ERL, one might consider a super-bright storage ring with short lifetime, requiring fast top-up. We present a possible replacement ring for the Advanced Photon Source with 0.5-micron normalized emittance at 7 GeV, along with a discussion of design challenges and operating considerations. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Borland, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM borland@aps.anl.gov NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 557 IS 1 BP 230 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.10.076 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 011HR UT WOS:000235259400032 ER PT J AU Calaga, R Ben-Zvi, I Brennan, J Bowmann, R Burrill, A Chang, X Cameron, P Citver, G Gassner, D Hahn, H Harrison, M Hershcovitch, A Jain, A Litvinenko, V McIntyre, G Montag, C Nicoletti, A Kayran, D Fedotov, A Kewisch, J Mackay, W Pate, D Peggs, S Rank, J Roser, T Scaduto, J Rao, T Trbojevic, D Zaltsman, A Wu, KC Zhao, Y Bluem, B Burger, A Cole, M Favale, A Holmes, D Rathke, J Schultheiss, T Todd, A AF Calaga, R Ben-Zvi, I Brennan, J Bowmann, R Burrill, A Chang, X Cameron, P Citver, G Gassner, D Hahn, H Harrison, M Hershcovitch, A Jain, A Litvinenko, V McIntyre, G Montag, C Nicoletti, A Kayran, D Fedotov, A Kewisch, J Mackay, W Pate, D Peggs, S Rank, J Roser, T Scaduto, J Rao, T Trbojevic, D Zaltsman, A Wu, KC Zhao, Y Bluem, B Burger, A Cole, M Favale, A Holmes, D Rathke, J Schultheiss, T Todd, A TI Ampere class linacs: Status report on the BNL cryomodule SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd ICFA Advanced Bean Dynamics Workshop on Energy Recovering Linacs (ERL2005) CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab, Newport New, VA HO US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab DE high current; superconducting; energy recovery; cavities AB A five-cell high current superconducting cavity for the electron cooling project at RHIC has been designed. The 703.75 MHz cavity and cryomodule is under fabrication and nearing completion. The different components of the cryomodule and the status of their fabrication is discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Calaga, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rcalaga@bnl.gov RI Kayran, Dmitry/E-1876-2013 OI Kayran, Dmitry/0000-0002-1156-4384 NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 557 IS 1 BP 243 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.10.078 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 011HR UT WOS:000235259400034 ER PT J AU Kneisel, P AF Kneisel, P TI Cavity preparation/assembly techniques and impact on Q, realistic Q-factors in a module, review of modules SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd ICFA Advanced Bean Dynamics Workshop on Energy Recovering Linacs (ERL2005) CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab, Newport New, VA HO US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab DE radio frequency; superconductivity; surface treatment; niobium; cryo modules AB This contribution summarizes the surface preparation procedures for niobium cavities presently used both in laboratory experiments and for modules, such as buffered chemical polishing (BCP), electropolishing (EP), high pressure ultrapure water rinsing (HPR), CO2 snow cleaning and high temperature heat treatments for hydrogen degassing or post-purification. The impact of surface treatments and the degree of cleanliness during assembly procedures on cavity performance (Q-value and accelerating gradient E-acc) will be discussed. In addition, an attempt will be made to summarize the experiences made in module assemblies in different labs/projects such as DESY (TTF), flab (Upgrade) and SNS. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Kneisel, P (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM kneisel@jlab.org NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 557 IS 1 BP 250 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.10.079 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 011HR UT WOS:000235259400035 ER PT J AU Rimmer, RA AF Rimmer, RA TI Higher-order mode calculations, predictions and overview of damping schemes for energy recovering linacs SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd ICFA Advanced Bean Dynamics Workshop on Energy Recovering Linacs (ERL2005) CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab, Newport New, VA HO US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab DE RF; HOM; ERL AB This paper gives a brief review of computational methods for calculating higher-order mode (HOM) impedances for RF structures, the cases for which they are appropriate and some comparisons with measurements. An overview of damping schemes suitable for moderate to high current energy recovered linacs (ERLs), is presented, with a discussion of the pro's and con's of each. The influence of number of cells per cavity, cell shape and cell-to-cell coupling are described. The Jefferson Lab Ampere-class cryomodule concept is presented as an example and the issue of HOM power is highlighted. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Rimmer, RA (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM rarimmer@jlab.org NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 557 IS 1 BP 259 EP 267 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.10.080 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 011HR UT WOS:000235259400036 ER PT J AU Loos, H AF Loos, H TI Longitudinal phase space tomography and its implementation in energy recovery linacs SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd ICFA Advanced Bean Dynamics Workshop on Energy Recovering Linacs (ERL2005) CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab, Newport New, VA HO US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab DE energy recovery linac; beam diagnostics; longitudinal phase space; tomographic reconstruction ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; ALGORITHM; MENT AB Applying tomographic techniques to study the longitudinal phase space of the electron beam in future energy recovery linacs presents a challenge as it requires nondestructive diagnostics and the manipulations of the phase space are restricted by the energy recovery. The different methods of tomographic reconstruction and previous experiments at the BNL DUV-FEL facility are presented. Different schemes to utilize tomography for an ERL are proposed, including non-destructive transverse and longitudinal beam profile measurements and the necessary phase space transformations to generate the tomographic projections. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Loos, H (reprint author), SLAC, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM loos@slac.stanford.edu OI Loos, Henrik/0000-0001-5085-0562 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 557 IS 1 BP 309 EP 313 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.10.091 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 011HR UT WOS:000235259400045 ER PT J AU Krafft, GA Bowling, BA Crofford, MT Hovater, JC AF Krafft, GA Bowling, BA Crofford, MT Hovater, JC TI Phase transfer measurements at the Jefferson Lab recirculated linacs SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Energy Recovering Linacs (ERL2005) CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA HO US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab DE phase transfer technique; longitudinal beam dynamics; bunch length; recirculated accelerators; energy recovered accelerators AB Bunch length or longitudinal phase space distribution measurements are often used to evaluate if the electron beam meets RF criteria for a recirculated linac. Unfortunately, in many instances when the beam fails to meet the needed criteria, such measurements provide little guidance as to which machine element is problematic. All of the Jefferson Lab recirculated linacs have employed longitudinal phase transfer measurement systems to provide both useful information on the initial understanding of the dynamics of the longitudinal phase space in these accelerators, and much more useful diagnosis of out-of-specification performance of machine RF elements. These systems can provide precision transfer function measurements in time scales convenient for machine operations. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Krafft, GA (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM krafft@jlab.org; hovater@jlab.org NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 557 IS 1 BP 314 EP 317 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.10.092 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 011HR UT WOS:000235259400046 ER PT J AU Lumpkin, AH AF Lumpkin, AH TI Nonintercepting diagnostics for transverse beam parameters: From rings to ERLs SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd ICFA Advanced Bean Dynamics Workshop on Energy Recovering Linacs (ERL2005) CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab, Newport New, VA HO US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab DE nonintercepting diagnostics; beam size; synchrotron radiation; transition radiation; diffraction radiation ID DIFFRACTION RADIATION; APS INJECTOR; POSITION AB The characterization of particle-beam parameters in accelerators and transport lines is important to the experiment's success. The development of nonintercepting (NI) diagnostics is of growing interest in the community due to top-up operations for storage rings such as the Advanced Photon Source (APS), as well as the rapidly developing energy recovering linacs (ERLs). In both areas beam position and beam quality are relevant, and the ability to measure these in an NI manner is critical. Beam transverse size and divergence are more of a challenge, and examples of the minimally intercepting or NI measurements based on optical transition radiation (OTR), optical synchrotron radiation (OSR), X-ray synchrotron radiation (XSR), optical diffraction radiation (ODR), and undulator radiation (UR) will be presented as space permits. These are relevant to the various ERL parameter spaces and operating modes. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lumpkin, AH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM lumpkin@aps.anl.gov NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 557 IS 1 BP 318 EP 323 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.10.093 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 011HR UT WOS:000235259400047 ER PT J AU Chevtsov, P Day, A Denard, JC Freyberger, AP Hicks, R AF Chevtsov, P Day, A Denard, JC Freyberger, AP Hicks, R TI Non-invasive energy spread monitoring for the JLAB experimental program via synchrotron light interferometers SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd ICFA Advanced Bean Dynamics Workshop on Energy Recovering Linacs (ERL2005) CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab, Newport New, VA HO US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab DE synchrotron light interferometry; energy spread AB The hypernuclear physics program at Jefferson Lab [JLAB] requires a tight upper limit on the RMS beam energy spread of sigma(E)/E < 3 x 10(-5). The energy spread is determined by measuring the beam width at a dispersive location (D similar to 4 m) in the transport line to the experimental halls. Ignoring the intrinsic beam size, this low energy spread corresponds to an upper bound on the beam width of sigma(beam) < 120 mu m. Such small beam sizes cannot be measured using direct imaging of the synchrotron light due to diffraction limitations. Using interferometry of the synchrotron light the resolution of the optical system can be made very high. The non-invasive nature of this measurement is also very advantageous as it allows continuous energy spread monitoring. Two synchrotron light interferometers have been built and installed at Jefferson Lab, one each in the Hall-A and Hall-C transport lines. The two devices operate over a beam current range from 10 to 120 mu A and have a spatial resolution better than 10 mu m. The structure of the interferometer, the experience gained during its installation, beam measurements and energy spread stability are presented. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Sunchrotron SOLEIL, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Freyberger, AP (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM freyberg@jlab.org OI Day, Anthony/0000-0002-1217-1822 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 557 IS 1 BP 324 EP 327 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.10.094 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 011HR UT WOS:000235259400048 ER PT J AU Cameron, P AF Cameron, P TI Differential current measurement in the BNL energy recovery linac test facility SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd ICFA Advanced Bean Dynamics Workshop on Energy Recovering Linacs (ERL2005) CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab, Newport New, VA HO US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab DE energy recovery; recirculating linacs; diagnostics; machine protection; current measurement AB An energy recovery linac (ERL) test facility is presently under construction at BNL [V.N. Litvinenko, et al., High current energy recovery linac at BNL, PAC, 2005; I. Ben-Zvi, et al., Extremely high current.. high brightness energy recovery linac, PAC 2005]. The goal of this test facility is to demonstrate CW operation with an average beam current greater than 100 mA, and with greater than 99.95% efficiency of current recovery. This facility will serve as a test bed for the novel high current CW photo-cathode [A. Burrill, et al., Multi-alkali photocathode development at BNL, PAC, 2005; A. Murray, et al., State-of-the-art electron guns and injector designs for energy recovery linacs, PAC, 2005], the superconducting RF cavity with HOM dampers [R. Calaga, et al., High current superconducting cavities at RHIC, EPAC, 2004; R. Calaga, et al., in: Proceedings of the I I th workshop on RIF superconductivity, Lubeck, Germany, 2003], and the lattice [D. Kayran, V. Litvinenko, Novel method of emittance preservation in ERL merging system in presence of strong space charge forces, PAC, 2005; D. Kayran, et al., Optics for high brightness and high current ERL project at BNL,. PAC, 20051 and feedback systems needed to insure the specified beam parameters. It is an important stepping stone for electron cooling in RHIC [I. Ben-Zvi, et al., Electron cooling of RHIC, PAC, 2005], and essential to meet the luminosity specifications of RHICII [T. Hallman, et al., RHICII/ eRHIC white paper, available at http://www.bnl.gov/henp/docs[NSAC - RHICII-eRHIC - 2-15-03.pdf]. The expertise and experience gained in this effort might also extend forward into a 10-20GeV ERL for the electron-ion collider eRHIC [http:// www.agsrhichome.bnl.gov/eRHIC/, Appendix A, The linac-ring option, 2005]. We report here on the use of a technique of differential current measurement to monitor the efficiency of current recovery in the test facility, and investigate the possibility of using such a monitor in the machine protection system. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Cameron, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM cameron@bnl.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 557 IS 1 BP 331 EP 333 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.10.096 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 011HR UT WOS:000235259400050 ER PT J AU Ben-Zvi, I Bazarov, IV AF Ben-Zvi, I Bazarov, IV TI Summary, Working Group 1: Electron guns and injector designs SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd ICFA Advanced Bean Dynamics Workshop on Energy Recovering Linacs (ERL2005) CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab, Newport New, VA HO US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab DE energy recovery linac; high average current; superconducting RF; photoinjector design; ampere class; photocathode AB We summarize the proceedings of Working Group I of the 2005 Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) Workshop. The subject of this working group, the electron gun and injector design, is arguably the most critical part of the ERL as it determines the ultimate performance of this type of accelerators. Working Group I dealt with a variety of subjects: The technology of DC, normal-conducting RF and superconducting RF guns; beam dynamics in the gun and injector;. the cathode and laser package; modeling and computational issues; magnetized beams and polarization. A short overview of these issues covered in the Working Group is presented in this paper. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Ben-Zvi, I (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM ilan@bnl.gov; ib38@cornell.edu NR 1 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 557 IS 1 BP 337 EP 344 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.10.097 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 011HR UT WOS:000235259400051 ER PT J AU Hoffstaetter, GH Litvinenko, V Owen, H AF Hoffstaetter, GH Litvinenko, V Owen, H TI Optics and beam transport in energy recovery linacs SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd ICFA Advanced Bean Dynamics Workshop on Energy Recovering Linacs (ERL2005) CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab, Newport New, VA HO US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab DE ERL; light source; FEL; electron cooling; optics; beam dynamics AB Here, we report on the working group "Optics and Beam Transport" of the 2005 Energy-Recovery-Linac Workshop. This workshop also had working groups on "Electron Guns and Injector Designs", "Superconducting RF and RF Control", and "Synchronization and Diagnostics/Instrumentation". Here, we are concerned with the many different ERL proposals that international laboratories have been working on. Subjects of concern are optics, accelerator design and modeling, stability requirements, designs of the merger that connects the conventional injector linac with the Energy Recovery Linac, longitudinal phase space manipulations to produce short pulses, beam dynamics and limitations by beam instabilities, and computational aspects of space-charge and synchrotron radiation effects. A coarse grain overview is given and reference is made to more detailed articles that were presented in this working group. Subjects are identified where collaborations should be encouraged and areas of future R&D are prioritized. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Lab Elementary Particle Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Daresbury Lab, ASTeC, Daresbury, Cheshire, England. RP Hoffstaetter, GH (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Lab Elementary Particle Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM Georg.Hoffstaetter@cornell.edu; vl@bnl.gov; h.owen@dl.ac.uk RI Owen, Hywel/G-4548-2014 OI Owen, Hywel/0000-0001-5028-2841 NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 557 IS 1 BP 345 EP 353 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.10.098 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 011HR UT WOS:000235259400052 ER PT J AU Freyberger, AP Krafft, GA AF Freyberger, AP Krafft, GA TI Summary report on synchronization, diagnostics and instrumentation SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd ICFA Advanced Bean Dynamics Workshop on Energy Recovering Linacs (ERL2005) CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab, Newport New, VA HO US DOE Res Lab, Jefferson Lab DE Energy Recovery Linac; beam diagnostics AB The proceedings of Working Group 4 of the 2005 Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) workshop are summarized. Working Group 4 dealt with the challenging topic of beam diagnostics for ERL machines. Energy Recovery Linacs represent a challenge for beam diagnostics from several perspectives; invasive versus non-invasive diagnostics, longitudinal and transverse beam diagnostics, overall machine timing/synchronization and machine protection. Beam diagnostics for an ERL can benefit strongly from the experience at third generation light sources, recirculating linacs and presently operating ERLs. During the workshop there were presentations from all these communities, representing a large range of experience in beam diagnostics. A brief summary Working Group 4 discussion is presented in this paper. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Freyberger, AP (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM freyberg@jlab.org; krafft@jlab.org NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 557 IS 1 BP 370 EP 373 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.10.100 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 011HR UT WOS:000235259400054 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Baktash, C Beene, JR Bilheux, HZ Havener, CC Krause, HF Schultz, DR Stracener, DW Vane, CR Bruck, K Geppert, C Kessler, T Wendt, K AF Liu, Y Baktash, C Beene, JR Bilheux, HZ Havener, CC Krause, HF Schultz, DR Stracener, DW Vane, CR Bruck, K Geppert, C Kessler, T Wendt, K TI Laser ion source tests at the HRIBF on stable Sn, Ge and Ni isotopes SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE laser ion source; resonance ionization; titanium sapphire laser; radioactive ion beams; Rare Isotope Accelerator ID MASS-SEPARATOR; RESONANCE IONIZATION; FACILITY; SPECTROSCOPY; TRIUMF; ISAC AB As one step in the ion source development for the Rare Isotope Accelerator, a hot-cavity laser ion source using an all-solid-state titanium-sapphire laser system has been tested at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility. Resonance ionization of stable isotopes of Sri. Ge and Ni has been studied in a Ta hot cavity. Efficient three step resonant ionization schemes applying frequency tripling for the first excitation step and using auto-ionizing or atomic Rydberg states in the ionizing step have been identified for all three elements, resulting in laser ion beams of typically around 100 nA. By saturating most of the optical excitation steps involved, ionization efficiencies of 22%, 3.3% and 2.7% have been measured for Sri, Ge and Ni, respectively. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, MS-6368,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM Liuy@ornl.gov RI Wendt, Klaus/D-7306-2011; Bilheux, Hassina/H-4289-2012 OI Wendt, Klaus/0000-0002-9033-9336; Bilheux, Hassina/0000-0001-8574-2449 NR 22 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD FEB PY 2006 VL 243 IS 2 BP 442 EP 452 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.09.014 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 009EG UT WOS:000235093500027 ER PT J AU Charles, E AF Charles, E CA BaBar Collaboration TI Review of recent BaBar results related to QCD SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article AB This talk described many results obtained by the BaBar collaboration over the past year, focusing in particular on QCD-related topics. Most of the measurements presented used over 120 million BB pairs collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric energy e(+)e(-) collider at SLAG collected between the fall of 1999 and the fall of 2003. Among the exciting subjects this talk covered were: a) recent measurements related to the CKM parameters beta and gamma and the CKM matrix elements vertical bar V-ub vertical bar and vertical bar V-cb vertical bar; b) measurements relating to properties of B and D mesons, such as lifetimes and mixing; c) B decays to final states with open charm, including decays to the D-sJ*(2317) and D-sJ*(2460), and including the properties of the D-sJ*(2317) and D-sJ*(2458); d) B decays to charmonium; including the Xi(3872); e) pentaqaurk searches. C1 LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Charles, E (reprint author), LBNL, MS-50A-2161,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM eacharles@lbl.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 152 BP 119 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.08.022 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 021JA UT WOS:000235978300024 ER PT J AU Beneke, M Kauer, N Signer, A Zanderighi, G AF Beneke, M Kauer, N Signer, A Zanderighi, G TI Towards pair production near threshold with unstable particle effective theory SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; FIELD-THEORIES; 4 FERMIONS; E(+)E(-); RACOONWW; QCD; WW AB We illustrate the use of effective theory techniques to describe processes involving unstable particles close to resonance. First, we present the main ideas in the context of a scalar resonance in an abelian gauge-Yukawa model. We then outline the necessary modifications to describe W-pair production close to threshold in electron-positron collisions. C1 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Theoret Phys E, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. Univ Durham, Dept Phys, IPPP, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Beneke, M (reprint author), Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Theoret Phys E, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 152 BP 162 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.08.031 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 021JA UT WOS:000235978300033 ER PT J AU Becher, T AF Becher, T TI B-decays in the heavy-quark expansion SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article ID COLLINEAR EFFECTIVE THEORY; LIGHT FORM-FACTORS; MESON DECAYS; QCD FACTORIZATION; V-UB; SYMMETRY; CURRENTS; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Progress in the theoretical description of B-meson decays in particular decays to light hadrons is reviewed. The factorization properties of such decays can be analyzed using the soft-collinear effective theory. Applications of the effective theory to both inclusive and exclusive decays are discussed. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Becher, T (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 152 BP 176 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.08.034 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 021JA UT WOS:000235978300036 ER PT J AU Hill, RJ AF Hill, RJ TI Symmetry relations for heavy-to-light meson form factors at large recoil SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article ID COLLINEAR EFFECTIVE THEORY; WILSON LOOPS; FACTORIZATION AB The description of large-recoil heavy-to-light meson form factors is reviewed in the framework of soft-collinear effective theory. At leading power in the heavy-quark expansion, three classes of approximate symmetry relations arise. The relations are compared to experimental data for D -> K-* and D-s -> phi form factors, and to light-cone QCD sum rule predictions for B -> pi and B -> rho form factors. Implications for the extraction of vertical bar V-upsilon b vertical bar from semileptonic B -> rho decays are discussed. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RI Hill, Richard/C-8820-2017 OI Hill, Richard/0000-0003-1982-589X NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 152 BP 184 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.08.035 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 021JA UT WOS:000235978300037 ER PT J AU Balitsky, I AF Balitsky, I TI Scattering of shock waves in QCD SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article ID GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS AB The cross section of heavy-ion collisions is represented as a double functional integral with the saddle point being the classical solution of the Yang-Mills equations with boundary conditions/sources in the form of two shock waves corresponding to the two colliding ions. I develop the expansion of this classical solution in powers of the commutator of the Wilson Lines describing the colliding particles and calculate the first two terms of the expansion. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. JLab, Theory Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Balitsky, I (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 152 BP 275 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.08.053 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 021JA UT WOS:000235978300054 ER PT J AU Ward, RC Baker, RS Morel, JE AF Ward, RC Baker, RS Morel, JE TI A diffusion synthetic acceleration method for block adaptive mesh refinement SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB A multidimensional block-based adaptive mesh refinement (BAMR) method for the neutral particle transport equation with diamond and linear discontinuous spatial differencing was developed several years ago. This method was implemented in the PARallel TIme-dependent SN (PARTISN) deterministic transport code. However, the only source acceleration method available with BAMR was transport synthetic acceleration. Although the block-based adaptive mesh is orthogonal, the individual mesh cells may not be simply connected. Because of this lack of simple connectivity, development of a fully consistent diffusion synthetic acceleration (DSA) method has not been possible. This paper describes the development of a DSA method based upon an additive correction to the scalar flux iterate after a transport sweep. This DSA equation is differenced using a vertex-centered diffusion discretization that is diamondlike and may be characterized as "partially" consistent. It does not appear algebraically possible to derive a diffusion discretization that is fully consistent with diamond transport differencing on AMR meshes. The diffusion matrix is symmetric positive definite, and the DSA method is effective for most applications. This BAMR-DSA solver has been implemented and tested in two dimensions for rectangular (X-Y) and cylindrical (R-Z) geometries. As expected, results confirm that a partially consistent BAMR-DSA method will introduce instabilities for extreme cases (e.g., scattering ratios approaching 1.0 with optically thick cells), but for most realistic problems, e.g., the iron-water shielding problem, the BAMR-DSA method provides an effective acceleration method. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ward, RC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wardr@lanl.gov NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 152 IS 2 BP 164 EP 179 PG 16 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 009NV UT WOS:000235119800004 ER PT J AU Favorite, JA AF Favorite, JA TI Variational estimates of internal interface perturbations and a new variational functional for inhomogeneous transport problems SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID EQUATIONS AB Variational perturbation theory is applied to internal interface perturbations in neutral-particle inhomogeneous transport problems. The leakage from a radioactive system is the quantity of interest. The Schwinger and Roussopolos variational functionals are used with volume- and surface-integral formulations of the integrals of perturbed quantities. In numerical one-dimensional spherical tests of source radius perturbations, the Roussopolos functional in the surface-integral formulation worked better when the source was large, and the Schwinger functional in the volume-integral formulation worked better when the source was small. A new variational functional is presented that formally allows a combination of the Schwinger and Roussopolos functionals; the contribution of each to the total estimate is adjusted with a parameter introduced in one of the trial functions. When the parameter is correctly chosen, the new functional is generally more accurate than either the Schwinger or Roussopolos functional alone. An analytic monodirectional slab transport problem is also considered. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Phys Div X, Diagnost Applicat Grp X5, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Favorite, JA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Phys Div X, Diagnost Applicat Grp X5, MS F663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM fave@lanl.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 152 IS 2 BP 180 EP 196 PG 17 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 009NV UT WOS:000235119800005 ER PT J AU Fridman, E Shwageraus, E Galperin, A Todosow, M AF Fridman, E Shwageraus, E Galperin, A Todosow, M TI Recycle of transuranium elements in light water reactors for reduction of geological storage requirements SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE transuranium element recycle; sustainable LWR cycle; thorium fuels AB This paper presents results of a feasibility study aimed at developing a zero-transuranic-discharge fuel cycle based on the U-Th-TRU ternary cycle. The design objective is to find a fuel composition (mixture of thorium, enriched uranium, and recycled transuranic components) and fuel management strategy resulting in an equilibrium charge-discharge mass flow In such a fuel cycle scheme, the quantity and isotopic vector of the transuranium (TRU) component is identical at the charge and discharge time points, thus allowing the whole amount of the TRU at the end of the fuel irradiation period to be separated and reloaded into the following cycle. The TRU reprocessing activity losses are the only waste stream that will require permanent geological storage, virtually eliminating the long-term radiological waste of the commercial nuclear fuel cycle. A detailed three-dimensional full pressurized water reactor (PWR) core model was used to analyze the proposed fuel composition and management strategy. The results demonstrate the neutronic feasibility of the fuel cycle with zero-TRU discharge. The amount of TRU and enriched uranium loaded reach equilibrium after about four TRU recycles. The reactivity coefficients were found to be within a range typical for a reference PWR core. The soluble boron worth is reduced by a factor of similar to 2 from a typical PWR value. Nevertheless, the results indicate the feasibility of an 18-month fuel cycle design with an acceptable beginning-of-cycle soluble boron concentration even without application of burnable poisons. C1 Ben Gurion Univ Negev, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fridman, E (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. EM alexg@bgu.ac.il RI Shwageraus, Eugene/D-5189-2012; Fridman, Emil/I-2651-2013 OI Shwageraus, Eugene/0000-0002-7309-4920; Fridman, Emil/0000-0002-4468-5238 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 153 IS 2 BP 146 EP 163 PG 18 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 012BZ UT WOS:000235314500003 ER PT J AU Kang, KH Park, RJ Kim, SB Suh, KY Cheung, FB Rempe, JL AF Kang, KH Park, RJ Kim, SB Suh, KY Cheung, FB Rempe, JL TI Simulant melt experiments on thermal and metallurgical performance of the in-vessel core catcher SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE metallurgical inspection; in-vessel core catcher; internal coating ID LOWER HEAD AB LAVA-GAP experiments were performed to investigate the thermal and mechanical peformance of the in-vessel core catcher, which was proposed to improve in-vessel retention for high-power reactors. In the LAVA-GAP experiments, alumina melt was used as a core material simulant. The hemispherical in-vessel core catcher made of carbon steel was installed inside the lower head vessel maintaining a uniform gap of 10 mm from the inner surface of the lower head vessel. Two types of in-vessel core catchers were used it? this study. The first one is a single-layered in-vessel core catcher without an internal coating, and the other one is a two-layered in-vessel core catcher with a 0.5-nun-thick ZrO2 internal coating. LAVA-GAP experimental results indicate that an internally coated in-vessel core catcher has better thermal performance compared with an uncoated in-vessel core catcher. For the precise investigations on the thermal and mechanical response of the in-vessel core catcher, thermal analyses using the LiLAC code and metallurgical inspections were performed. LiLAC calculation results suggest that the coating layer could lessen the thermal attack transferred to the core catcher and result in improving the integrity, of the core catcher in the LAVA-GAP experiments. Metallurgical inspection results indicate that the carbon steel showed stable and pure chemical compositions without and oxidation and interaction with the coating layer. In terms of the material aspects, these metallurgical inspection results suggest that the ZrO2 coating performed well. C1 Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Thermal Hydraul Safety Res Div, Severe Accident Res Project, Taejon 305353, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Kang, KH (reprint author), Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Thermal Hydraul Safety Res Div, Severe Accident Res Project, 150 Dukjin Dong, Taejon 305353, South Korea. EM khkang@kaeri.re.kr OI Rempe, Joy/0000-0001-5527-3549 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 153 IS 2 BP 208 EP 223 PG 16 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 012BZ UT WOS:000235314500008 ER PT J AU Sizyuk, V Hassanein, A Morozov, V Tolkach, V Sizyuk, T Rice, B AF Sizyuk, V Hassanein, A Morozov, V Tolkach, V Sizyuk, T Rice, B TI Numerical simulation of laser-produced plasma devices for EUV lithography using the heights integrated model SO NUMERICAL HEAT TRANSFER PART A-APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID GENERATED MAGNETIC-FIELDS; RADIATION TRANSPORT; INITIAL SIMULATION; HYDRODYNAMICS; CONVERSION; IMPLICIT; ENERGY; POWER; CODE AB Laser-produced plasma (LPP) devices have been modeled as the light source for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. A key challenge for LPP is achieving sufficient brightness to support the throughput requirements of high-volume manufacturing. An integrated model ( HEIGHTS) was applied to simulate the environment of EUV sources and optimize their output. The model includes plasma evolution and magnetohydrodynamic processes in a two-temperature approximation, as well as photon radiation transport determined by the Monte Carlo method. It uses the total variation diminishing scheme for the description of magnetic compression and diffusion in a cylindrical 2-D geometry for the target. Generation of the internal magnetic field with nonparallel density and temperature gradients was also considered. Preliminary results from numerical simulation in hydrodynamics and line radiation output of xenon and tin plasmas are presented for planar and droplet targets. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Intel Corp, Component Res Div, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. RP Hassanein, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bld 308, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM hassanein@anl.gov NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-7782 J9 NUMER HEAT TR A-APPL JI Numer. Heat Tranf. A-Appl. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 49 IS 3 BP 215 EP 236 DI 10.1080/10407780500324996 PG 22 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 998ZB UT WOS:000234357300001 ER PT J AU Kim, T Pasciak, JE Vassilevski, PS AF Kim, T Pasciak, JE Vassilevski, PS TI Mesh-independent convergence of the modified inexact Newton method for a second order non-linear problem SO NUMERICAL LINEAR ALGEBRA WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE inexact Newton method; mesh-independent convergence; preconditioning; second order non-linear elliptic PDE; finite element approximation AB In this paper, we consider an inexact Newton method applied to a second order non-linear problem with higher order non-linearities. We provide conditions under which the method has a mesh-independent rate of convergence. To do this, we are required, first, to set up the problem on a scale of Hilbert spaces and second, to devise a special iterative technique which converges in a higher than first order Sobolev norm. We show that the linear (Jacobian) system solved in Newton's method can be replaced with one iterative step provided that the initial non-linear iterate is accurate enough. The closeness criteria can be taken independent of the mesh size. Finally, the results of numerical experiments are given to support the theory. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Math, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Vassilevski, PS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 808,L-560, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM tjkim@math.tamu.edu; pasciak@math.tamu.edu; panayot@llnl.gov NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1070-5325 J9 NUMER LINEAR ALGEBR JI Numer. Linear Algebr. Appl. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 13 IS 1 BP 23 EP 47 DI 10.1002/nla.460 PG 25 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 008UP UT WOS:000235066500002 ER PT J AU Battaglia, LL Sharitz, RR AF Battaglia, LL Sharitz, RR TI Responses of floodplain forest species to spatially condensed gradients: a test of the flood-shade tolerance tradeoff hypothesis SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE bottomland hardwood forest; disturbance; flooding; gradient; light; response curves ID BOTTOMLAND HARDWOOD FOREST; WOODY PLANT-REGENERATION; SOUTH-CAROLINA; RIVER FLOODPLAIN; GROWTH; LIGHT; DISTURBANCE; SEEDLINGS; PATTERNS; SWAMP AB Previous work in southeastern US floodplains led to the hypothesis that a tradeoff between flood and shade tolerance underlies species-specific responses to flooding and light, which drive forest regeneration. In systems where community turnover can occur with small-scale environmental changes, testing this hypothesis requires recognizing that turnover of species along the two gradients can be large relative to the spatial distances involved. We test the tradeoff hypothesis in an old-growth bottomland hardwood forest by (1) comparing shade and moisture profiles of woody juveniles versus random points and (2) using individual-based sampling of woody juveniles to model probability of occurrence in response to distance-to-water table and canopy openness gradients. We found that juveniles of all species combined occupied a similar range of distance-to-water table compared to measurements taken at random points, but average canopy openness above seedlings was significantly higher than at random points. On average, shade-tolerant species, with the exception of Acer rubrum, were found in shaded areas that were also drier, whereas less shade-tolerant taxa, plus A. rubrum, were found in wetter, more open areas, suggesting a tradeoff between flood and shade tolerance. Predictive models of species occurrence, which incorporate the availability of canopy and microtopographic conditions, indicated that three taxa (Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Quercus spp., and Ulmus americana) had patterns consistent with a flood-shade tolerance tradeoff. In contrast, Asimina triloba, Celtis laevigata, and Liquidambar styraciflua had positive responses when the joint stresses of flooding and shade were diminished. A. rubrum appeared to be the most tolerant to both stresses. Our work not only lends support to the flood-shade tradeoff hypothesis but also indicates that a more general model is needed that includes a '' flood-shade release '' component. We also suggest that responses to small-scale gradients should not be overlooked, particularly in systems where the gradients are ecologically steep. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Battaglia, LL (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Mailcode 6509, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM lbattaglia@plant.siu.edu; sharitz@srel.edu NR 43 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD FEB PY 2006 VL 147 IS 1 BP 108 EP 118 DI 10.1007/s00442-005-0245-7 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 002HB UT WOS:000234601000013 PM 16187107 ER PT J AU Poyneer, LA Bauman, B Macintosh, BA Dillon, D Severson, S AF Poyneer, LA Bauman, B Macintosh, BA Dillon, D Severson, S TI Experimental demonstration of phase correction with a 32 X 32 microelectromechanical systems mirror and a spatially filtered wavefront sensor SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE OPTICS AB A 32 X 32 microelectromechanical systems deformable mirror is controlled in closed loop with a spatially filtered Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor and a Fourier-transform wavefront reconstruction algorithm. A phase plate based on atmospheric turbulence statistics is used to generate a 1 mu m peak-valley static phase aberration. Far-field images and direct phase measurements of the residual are used to compare performance with and without the spatial filter. Use of the spatial filter reduces error in the controllable band from 20 to 6 nm rms. Residual phase power is reduced by more than a factor of 5 for all spatial frequencies up to 0.85 X 1/2d, with a maximum attenuation factor of 37. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Lab Adapt Opt, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Poyneer, LA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM poyneer1@llnl.gov NR 8 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 3 BP 293 EP 295 DI 10.1364/OL.31.000293 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 007IB UT WOS:000234961100001 PM 16480186 ER PT J AU Page, RH Beach, RJ Kanz, VK Krupke, WF AF Page, RH Beach, RJ Kanz, VK Krupke, WF TI Multimode-diode-pumped gas (alkali-vapor) laser SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We report what we believe to be the first demonstration of a multimode-diode-pumped gas laser: Rb vapor operating on the 795 nm D-1 resonance transition. Peak output of similar to 1 W was obtained using a volume-Bragggrating stabilized pump diode array. The laser's output radiance exceeded the pump radiance by a factor greater than 2000. Power scaling (by pumping with larger diode arrays) is therefore possible. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. WFK Lasers LLC, Pleasanton, CA 94588 USA. RP Page, RH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 5 TC 107 Z9 117 U1 3 U2 18 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 3 BP 353 EP 355 DI 10.1364/OL.31.000353 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 007IB UT WOS:000234961100021 PM 16480206 ER PT J AU Armstrong, DJ Smith, AV AF Armstrong, DJ Smith, AV TI 90% pump depletion and good beam quality in a pulse-injection-seeded nanosecond optical parametric oscillator SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE AB We measured 90% pump depletion in a singly resonant image-rotating nanosecond optical parametric oscillator that was pulse-injection seeded by a self-generated signal pulse. The oscillator was pumped by an 8 ns duration single-frequency 532 run pulse from an injection-seeded Q-switched Nd:YAG laser and resonated an 803 nm signal. The pump and pulsed-seed beams had flat-topped spatial fluence profiles with diameters of approximately 6 mm, giving a cavity Fresnel number at 803 nm approaching 400. The beam cleanup effects of the image-rotating cavity produce a far-field signal spatial fluence profile with approximately 60% of its energy falling within the diffraction-limited spot size. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Lasers Opt & Remote Sensing Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Armstrong, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Lasers Opt & Remote Sensing Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM darmstr@sandia.gov NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 3 BP 380 EP 382 DI 10.1364/OL.31.000380 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 007IB UT WOS:000234961100030 PM 16480215 ER PT J AU Benson, SJ Munson, TS AF Benson, SJ Munson, TS TI Flexible complementarity solvers for large-scale applications SO OPTIMIZATION METHODS & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE complementarity; semismooth methods; software design ID ALGORITHM AB Discretizations of infinite-dimensional variational inequalities lead to linear and nonlinear complementarity problems with many degrees of freedom. To solve these problems in a parallel computing environment, we propose two active-set methods that solve only one linear system of equations per iteration. The linear solver, preconditioner, and matrix structures can be chosen by the user for a particular application to achieve high parallel performance. The parallel scalability of these methods is demonstrated for some discretizations of infinite-dimensional variational inequalities. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Benson, SJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM benson@mcs.anl.gov NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1055-6788 J9 OPTIM METHOD SOFTW JI Optim. Method Softw. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 21 IS 1 BP 155 EP 168 DI 10.1080/10556780500065382 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 002TE UT WOS:000234633600009 ER PT J AU Clint, M Gallopoulos, E Ng, E Roman, J AF Clint, M Gallopoulos, E Ng, E Roman, J TI Parallel Matrix Algorithms and Applications (PMAA'04) SO PARALLEL COMPUTING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Queens Univ Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Univ Patras, Dept Comp Engn & Informat, Patras 26500, Greece. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Bordeaux 1, INRIA Futurs, F-33405 Talence, France. Univ Bordeaux 1, LaBRI, F-33405 Talence, France. ENSEIRB, F-33405 Talence, France. RP Clint, M (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. EM M.Clint@qub.ac.uk; stratis@hpclab.ceid.upatras.gr; EGNg@lbl.gov; roman@labri.fr RI Gallopoulos, Efstratios/I-8043-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8191 J9 PARALLEL COMPUT JI Parallel Comput. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 32 IS 2 BP 113 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.parco.2005.10.001 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 011ID UT WOS:000235260700001 ER PT J AU Arbenz, P Becka, M Geus, R Hetmaniuk, U Mengotti, T AF Arbenz, P Becka, M Geus, R Hetmaniuk, U Mengotti, T TI On a parallel multilevel preconditioned Maxwell eigensolver SO PARALLEL COMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Workshop on Parallel Matrix Algorithms and Applications (PMAA 2004) CY OCT 20-22, 2004 CL CIRM, Luminy, FRANCE HO CIRM DE Maxwell equation; finite element method; generalized eigenvalue problem; Jacobi-Davidson algorithm; smoothed aggregation AMG preconditioning ID ALGEBRAIC MULTIGRID METHOD; EIGENVALUE PROBLEMS; ALGORITHMS AB We report on a parallel implementation of the Jacobi-Davidson algorithm to compute a few eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors of a large real symmetric generalized matrix eigenvalue problem Ax = lambda Mx, C(T)x = 0. The eigenvalue problem stems from the design of cavities of particle accelerators. It is obtained by the finite element discretization of the time-harmonic Maxwell equation in weak form by a combination of Nedelec (edge) and Lagrange (node) elements. We found the Jacobi-Davidson (JD) method to be a very effective solver provided that a good preconditioner is available for the correction equations that have to be solved in each step of the JD iteration. The preconditioner of our choice is a combination of a hierarchical basis preconditioner and the ML smoothed aggregation AMG preconditioner. It is close to optimal regarding iteration count. The parallel code makes extensive use of the Trilinos software framework. In our examples from accelerator physics, we observe satisfactory speedups and efficiencies. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Computat Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Arbenz, P (reprint author), ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Computat Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM arbenz@inf.ethz.ch NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8191 J9 PARALLEL COMPUT JI Parallel Comput. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 32 IS 2 BP 157 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.parco.2005.06.005 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 011ID UT WOS:000235260700004 ER PT J AU Sharma, HR Shimoda, M Ross, AR LoGrasso, TA Tsai, AP AF Sharma, HR Shimoda, M Ross, AR LoGrasso, TA Tsai, AP TI Terrace-dependent morphology of thin Sn films deposited on the fivefold surface of the icosahedral Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystal SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB We present an analysis of Sn film growth on the fivefold surface of the icosahedral Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystal at multilayer coverage. Scanning tunnelling microscopy of the Sn-deposited surface revealed that film morphology differed from terrace to terrace. Most terraces exhibited flat-topped clusters with preferential growth at the step edges, while a minority of terraces showed a smooth film. The height, lateral size and density of clusters also varied between terraces. Clusters have a preference for specific heights. C1 Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, Solut Oriented Res Sci & Technol, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan. Ames Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Tohoku Univ, Inst Multidisciplinary Res Adv Mat, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Sharma, HR (reprint author), Natl Inst Mat Sci, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. EM hemraj.sharma@nims.go.jp OI Shimoda, Masahiko/0000-0002-6822-2836; Sharma, Hem Raj/0000-0003-0456-6258 NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2006 VL 86 IS 6-8 BP 807 EP 812 DI 10.1080/14786430500252960 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 003VZ UT WOS:000234711200015 ER PT J AU Unal, B LoGrasso, TA Ross, AR Jenks, CJ Thiel, PA AF Unal, B LoGrasso, TA Ross, AR Jenks, CJ Thiel, PA TI Voids and pits on sputter-annealed fivefold terraces of icosahedral Al-Pd-Mn quasicrystals SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE AB Our scanning tunneling microscope studies on clean surfaces of fivefold icosahedral Al70.2Pd20.7Mn9.1 reveal that, after annealing at 900 K, two types of. at depressions are visible on terraces: voids (small, shallow,. flat-bottomed depressions bordered by 2.5 angstrom steps) and pits (deeper, and often larger, depressions). They are different not only in their dimensions but in their behavior: voids preferentially nucleate on some of the terraces and, after annealing at 925 K, their coalescence and growth leads a new type of termination to be exposed. Pits, however, do not destroy the terraces on which they exist, under the experimental conditions. At the bottom of 4.1 angstrom-deep pits, 2.5 angstrom-deep voids nucleate, so that the total depth of the pit is 6.6 angstrom. We propose that 2.5 angstrom void-rich terraces are metastable terminations, and that these metastable terminations are also exposed at the bottom of the 4.1 angstrom-deep pits. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM baris@iastate.edu NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 EI 1478-6443 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD FEB-MAR PY 2006 VL 86 IS 6-8 BP 819 EP 824 DI 10.1080/14786430500288097 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 003VZ UT WOS:000234711200017 ER PT J AU Ghosh, C Liu, DJ Jenks, CJ Thiel, PA Evans, JW AF Ghosh, C Liu, DJ Jenks, CJ Thiel, PA Evans, JW TI Modelling of the energetics and kinetics of Al deposition on 5-fold Al-rich quasicrystal surfaces SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID AU AB We determine potential energy surfaces for the binding of Al adatoms on 5- fold AlPdMn and AlCuFe quasicrystal surfaces. Appropriate geometric models are used to select physical surface terminations. The interaction between the Al adsorbate and the substrate is described using Lennard-Jones pair-wise interactions, with parameters chosen to fit ab initio energetics for Al on relevant single crystal substrates. We identify a 'disordered-bond-network' (DBN) of local adsorption sites, which includes deep 'starfish' and 'incomplete starfish' ensembles. Our primary interest is in the kinetics of deposition and aggregation of Al atoms, and the possible formation of pseudomorphic starfish islands at starfish ensembles (observed for Al deposition on AlCuFe). The deposition process is modeled within the framework of a DBN lattice-gas model, wherein we specify rates for deposition and for hopping between neighboring sites of the DBN, as well as Al-Al adsorbate interactions, which stabilize islands. We, thus, present a picture for the formation of starfish islands subject to the competition between various deep sites for Al adatoms. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Inst Phys Res & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Math, Inst Phys Res & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Evans, JW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Inst Phys Res & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM evans@ameslab.gov NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2006 VL 86 IS 6-8 BP 831 EP 840 DI 10.1080/14786430500334750 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 003VZ UT WOS:000234711200019 ER PT J AU Smerdon, JA Ledieu, J Hoeft, JT Reid, DE Wearing, LH Diehl, RD LoGrasso, TA Ross, AR McGrath, R AF Smerdon, JA Ledieu, J Hoeft, JT Reid, DE Wearing, LH Diehl, RD LoGrasso, TA Ross, AR McGrath, R TI Adsorption of cobalt on the tenfold surface of d-Al72Ni11Co17 and on the fivefold surface of i-Al70Pd21Mn9 SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID NUCLEATION; GROWTH; FILMS AB The adsorption behaviour of Co on the tenfold surface of d-Al72Ni11Co17 and on the fivefold surface of i-Al70Pd21Mn9 has been studied using scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). The analysis of a distinctive quasiperiodic LEED pattern for coverages from 3-30 ML of Co on d-Al72Ni11Co17 suggests that the Co forms in a pseudomorphic row structure composed of domains of Fibonacci spaced rows having a periodic lattice parameter along the rows of 2.5 +/- 0.1 angstrom. The same structure, though less well-ordered and with a larger lattice parameter, is formed on the fivefold surface of i-Al70Pd21Mn9. C1 Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Univ Liverpool, Surface Sci Res Ctr, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP McGrath, R (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. EM R.mcgrath@liverpool.ac.uk RI McGrath, Ronan/A-1568-2009; Ledieu, Julian/F-1430-2010 OI McGrath, Ronan/0000-0002-9880-5741; NR 14 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2006 VL 86 IS 6-8 BP 841 EP 847 DI 10.1080/14786430500263447 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 003VZ UT WOS:000234711200020 ER PT J AU Bastasz, R Whaley, JA Lograsso, TA Jenks, CJ AF Bastasz, R Whaley, JA Lograsso, TA Jenks, CJ TI Hydrogen interactions with quasicrystalline Al-Pd-Mn surfaces SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID ENERGY ION-SCATTERING; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; STORAGE AB In this work we examine the interaction of molecular and atomic deuterium with the fivefold surface of an icosahedral (i-) Al-Pd-Mn alloy using angle-resolved low-energy ion scattering under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. i-Al-Pd-Mn has been studied extensively and is known to form a laterally-bulk-terminated surface that is Al-rich. The density of Al atoms on the clean surface of fivefold i-Al-Pd-Mn is about that of Al(111) and hence we compare our results to studies of molecular and atomic hydrogen adsorbed on Al(111). We. nd that molecular deuterium does not adsorb or dissociate on i-Al-Pd-Mn, as on Al(111). Atomic D, however, readily adsorbs on both surfaces and on i-Al-Pd-Mn attenuates the scattering signals from Al, Pd and Mn substrate atoms. It thus appears that D chemisorbs on the outer layer of i-Al-Pd-Mn and bonds with Al atoms. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bastasz, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM bastasz@sandia.gov NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2006 VL 86 IS 6-8 BP 855 EP 862 DI 10.1080/14786430500306543 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 003VZ UT WOS:000234711200022 ER PT J AU Hoeft, JT Ledieu, J Haq, S Lograsso, TA Ross, AR McGrath, R AF Hoeft, JT Ledieu, J Haq, S Lograsso, TA Ross, AR McGrath, R TI Adsorption of benzene on the five-fold surface of the i-Al70Pd21Mn9 quasicrystal SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID AL-CU-FE; OXIDATION; AL70PD21MN9; TEMPLATES; GRAIN AB The adsorption behaviour of benzene (C6H6) on the five-fold surface of the icosahedral Al70Pd21Mn9 quasicrystal has been investigated. Reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) data taken at a temperature of 92 K indicate molecular adsorption. The adsorption geometry of the molecules is found to change from parallel to the surface to oblique geometries as the dose is increased from monolayer to multilayer coverages. Scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) images show that the molecules adsorb in a disordered fashion. The adsorbate layer is found to completely desorb at 153 K leaving the substrate unchanged. C1 Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Univ Liverpool, Surface Sci Res Ctr, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP McGrath, R (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. EM mcgrath@liv.ac.uk RI McGrath, Ronan/A-1568-2009; Ledieu, Julian/F-1430-2010 OI McGrath, Ronan/0000-0002-9880-5741; NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2006 VL 86 IS 6-8 BP 869 EP 874 DI 10.1080/14786430500270467 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 003VZ UT WOS:000234711200024 ER PT J AU Park, JY Ogletree, DF Salmeron, M Ribeiro, RA Canfield, PC Jenks, CJ Thiel, PA AF Park, JY Ogletree, DF Salmeron, M Ribeiro, RA Canfield, PC Jenks, CJ Thiel, PA TI Adhesion properties of decagonal quasicrystals in ultrahigh vacuum SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID FRICTION; SURFACE; MICROSCOPY AB The atomic scale adhesion properties of two high-symmetry surfaces of decagonal Al-Ni-Co quasicrystals have been investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) in ultrahigh vacuum. Imaging the surface allowed us to distinguish the plastic regime from the elastic (reversible) regime of tip-sample contact. The work of adhesion of the atomically clean quasicrystal surface in the plastic regime is smaller than that of single crystalline Pt(111) by a factor of 10, reflecting a lower surface energy for the quasicrystal surface. However, the adhesion force must be reduced even further, in order to make measurements outside of the plastic regime possible. We present a strategy for doing this that involves chemical modi. cation of the surface or the tip, together with appropriate choice of mechanical contact parameters. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Salmeron, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM salmeron@stm.lbl.gov RI Ribeiro, Raquel/B-9041-2012; Park, Jeong Young/A-2999-2008; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; Ogletree, D Frank/D-9833-2016 OI Ribeiro, Raquel/0000-0001-6075-1701; Ogletree, D Frank/0000-0002-8159-0182 NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2006 VL 86 IS 6-8 BP 945 EP 950 DI 10.1080/14786430500254594 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 003VZ UT WOS:000234711200035 ER PT J AU Wang, YC Swadener, JG Lakes, RS AF Wang, YC Swadener, JG Lakes, RS TI Two-dimensional viscoelastic discrete triangular system with negative-stiffness components SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; POISSONS RATIO; STABILITY; PHASE; ELEMENTS AB Potential applications of high-damping and high-stiffness composites have motivated extensive research on the effects of negative-stiffness inclusions on the overall properties of composites. Recent theoretical advances have been based on the Hashin-Shtrikman composite models, one-dimensional discrete viscoelastic systems and a two-dimensional nested triangular viscoelastic network. In this paper, we further analyze the two-dimensional triangular structure containing pre-selected negative-stiffness components to study its underlying deformation mechanisms and stability. Major new findings are structure-deformation evolution with respect to the magnitude of negative stiffness under shear loading and the phenomena related to dissipation-induced destabilization and inertia-induced stabilization, according to Lyapunov stability analysis. The evolution shows strong correlations between stiffness anomalies and deformation modes. Our stability results reveal that stable damping peaks, i.e. stably extreme effective damping properties, are achievable under hydrostatic loading when the inertia is greater than a critical value. Moreover, destabilization induced by elemental damping is observed with the critical inertia. Regardless of elemental damping, when the inertia is less than the critical value, a weaker system instability is identified. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MST CINT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biomed Engn, Mat Sci Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Engn Mech Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Rheol Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Wang, YC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MST CINT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM yunche@lanl.gov RI Wang, Yunche/A-4869-2010; OI Swadener, John G/0000-0001-5493-3461 NR 23 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0839 J9 PHIL MAG LETT JI Philos. Mag. Lett. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 86 IS 2 BP 99 EP 112 DI 10.1080/09500830600567719 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 021GR UT WOS:000235972200005 ER PT J AU Penciu, RS Kafesaki, M Gundogdu, TF Economou, EN Soukoulis, CM AF Penciu, RS Kafesaki, M Gundogdu, TF Economou, EN Soukoulis, CM TI Theoretical study of left-handed behavior of composite metamaterials SO PHOTONICS AND NANOSTRUCTURES-FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE left-handed materials; negative retraction; electromagnetic waves ID SPLIT-RING RESONATORS; LOW-FREQUENCY PLASMONS; MAGNETIC RESPONSE AB We investigate numerically the transmission properties of 1D and 2D composite metamaterials (CMM) consisting of periodically arrangements of circular split-ring resonators (SRR) and wires. The theoretical methods used are the commercially available code Microwave Studio for transmission calculations and a retrieval procedure which gives the effective electric permittivity, epsilon, and magnetic permeability, mu, of the system. Our theoretical results are in good agreement with experimental data. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 FORTH, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, FORTH, Vassilika Vouton, Iraklion 71110, Greece. Univ Crete, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Rethimnon, Greece. Univ Crete, Dept Phys, Rethimnon, Greece. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Penciu, RS (reprint author), FORTH, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, FORTH, Vassilika Vouton, Iraklion 71110, Greece. EM raluca@iesl.forth.gr RI Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008; Economou, Eleftherios /E-6374-2010; Kafesaki, Maria/E-6843-2012 OI Kafesaki, Maria/0000-0002-9524-2576 NR 17 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1569-4410 J9 PHOTONICS NANOSTRUCT JI Photonics Nanostruct. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 4 IS 1 BP 12 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.photonics.2005.11.001 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 034NN UT WOS:000236935800002 ER PT J AU Meng, RL Johansen, TH Rusakova, IA Baikalov, A Pham, D Chen, F Zuo, ZY Chu, CW AF Meng, RL Johansen, TH Rusakova, IA Baikalov, A Pham, D Chen, F Zuo, ZY Chu, CW TI Enhanced critical current density of YBa2Cu3Ox films grown on Nd1/3Eu1/3Gd1/3Ba2Cu3Ox with nano-undulated surface morphology SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE flux pinning; critical current density ID THIN-FILMS; PINNING CENTERS; DISPERSIONS AB We report a simple and easily controllable method where a nano-undulated surface morphology of superconducting Nd1/3Eu1/3Gd1/3Ba2Cu3Ox (NEG) films leads to a substantial increase in the critical current density in superconducting YBa2Cu3Ox (YBCO) films deposited by pulsed laser deposition on such NEG layers. The enhancement is observed over a wide range of fields and temperatures. Transmission electron microscopy shows that such YBCO films possess a high density of localized areas, typically 20 x 20 nm(2) in size, where distortion of atomic planes give rotational (2-5 degrees) moire patterns. Their distribution is random and uniform, and expected to be the origin of the enhanced flux pinning. Magneto-optical imaging shows that these films have excellent macroscopic magnetic uniformity. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Meng, RL (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM rmeng@uh.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 434 IS 1 BP 39 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2005.11.013 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 019PH UT WOS:000235848700007 ER PT J AU Zhu, JX Balatsky, AV AF Zhu, JX Balatsky, AV TI Vortex core excitations in superconductors with frustrated antiferromagnetism SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPE; CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; STATES; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; LATTICE; MODEL; SYMMETRY; DENSITY AB Motivated by recent discovery of cobalt oxide and organic superconductors, we apply an effective model with strong antiferromagnetic and superconducting pairing interaction to a related lattice structure. It is found that the antiferromagnetism is highly frustrated and a broken-time-reversal-symmetry chiral d + id'-wave pairing state prevails. In the mixed state, we have solved the local electronic structure near the vortex core and found no local induction of antiferromagnetism. This result is in striking contrast to the case of copper oxide superconductors. The calculated local density of states indicates the existence of low-lying quasiparticle bound states inside the vortex core, due to a fully gapped chiral pairing state. The prediction can be directly tested by scanning tunneling microscopy. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jxzhu@lanl.gov OI Zhu, Jianxin/0000-0001-7991-3918 NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 EI 1873-2143 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 434 IS 1 BP 90 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2005.12.007 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 019PH UT WOS:000235848700015 ER PT J AU Inokuti, M Bederson, B AF Inokuti, M Bederson, B TI Bethe's contributions to atomic and molecular physics SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID FAST CHARGED-PARTICLES; INELASTIC-COLLISIONS; ELEKTRONEN; STREUUNG; HYDROGEN; PROTONS; HELIUM; GASEN AB We discuss the contributions of Hans A Bethe to the fields of atomic, molecular and optical physics. Those contributions are seminal to these still vibrant major areas. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Phys Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, Washington Pl, NY 10003 USA. RP Inokuti, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Phys Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM Inoknti@anl.gov NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 BP C98 EP C106 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/73/2/N02 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 027FF UT WOS:000236398800016 ER PT J AU Bagan, E Iblisdir, S Munoz-Tapia, R AF Bagan, E Iblisdir, S Munoz-Tapia, R TI Relative states, quantum axes, and quantum references SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID INFORMATION AB We address the problem of measuring the relative angle between two "quantum axes" made out of N-1 and N-2 spins. Closed forms of our fidelitylike figure of merit are obtained for an arbitrary number of parallel spins. The asymptotic regimes of large N-1 and/or N-2 are discussed in detail. The extension of the concept "quantum axis" to more general situations is addressed. We give optimal strategies when the first quantum axis is made out of parallel spins whereas the second is a general state made out of two spins. C1 Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Fac Ciencies, Grp Fis Teor, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Fac Ciencies, IFAE, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Geneva, GAP Opt, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Fac Ciencies, Grp Fis Teor, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. RI Munoz Tapia, Ramon/F-7332-2016 OI Munoz Tapia, Ramon/0000-0002-3048-9236 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 022341 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.73.022341 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 017BC UT WOS:000235668100080 ER PT J AU Budker, D Lamoreaux, SK Sushkov, AO Sushkov, OP AF Budker, D Lamoreaux, SK Sushkov, AO Sushkov, OP TI Sensitivity of condensed-matter P- and T-violation experiments SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENT AB Experiments searching for parity- and time-reversal-invariance-violating effects that rely on measuring the magnetization of a condensed-matter sample induced by application of an electric field are considered. A limit on statistical sensitivity arises due to random fluctuations of the spins in the sample. The scaling of this limit with the number of spins and their relaxation time is derived. Application to an experiment searching for nuclear Schiff moment in a ferroelectric is discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM budker@berkeley.edu; lamore@lanl.gov; alex000@socrates.berkeley.edu; sushkov@phys.unsw.edu.au RI Sushkova, Tamara/B-4590-2008; Budker, Dmitry/F-7580-2016 OI Budker, Dmitry/0000-0002-7356-4814 NR 20 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 022107 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.73.022107 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 017BC UT WOS:000235668100032 ER PT J AU Dai, XC Lerch, EBW Leone, SR AF Dai, XC Lerch, EBW Leone, SR TI Coherent control through near-resonant Raman transitions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MULTIPHOTON TRANSITIONS; QUANTUM CONTROL; WAVE-PACKETS; FEMTOSECOND; PULSE; DYNAMICS; STATE; LI-2; SPECTROSCOPY; MOTION AB The phase of an electronic wave function is shown to play an important role in coherent control experiments. By using a pulse shaping system with a femtosecond laser, we explore the phase relationships among resonant and off-resonant Raman transitions in Li-2 by measuring the phases of the resulting wave packets, or quantum beats. Specific pixels in a liquid-crystal spatial light modulator are used to isolate the resonant and off-resonant portions of the Raman transitions in Li-2. The off-resonant Raman transitions have an approximately 90 degrees phase shift with respect to the resonant Raman transition, and there is an approximately 180 degrees phase shift between the blue-detuned and the red-detuned off-resonant Raman transitions. Calculations using second-order time-dependent perturbation theory for the electronic transitions agree with the experimental results for the laser pulse intensities used here. Interferences between the off-resonant Raman transitions as a function of detuning are used to demonstrate coherent control of the Raman quantum wave packet. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Dai, Xingcan/B-3556-2014 NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 023404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.73.023404 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 017BC UT WOS:000235668100127 ER PT J AU Hosaka, K Adachi, J Golovin, AV Takahashi, M Teramoto, T Watanabe, N Jahnke, T Weber, T Schoffler, M Schmidt, L Osipov, T Jagutzki, O Landers, AL Prior, MH Schmidt-Bocking, H Dorner, R Yagishita, A Semenov, SK Cherepkov, NA AF Hosaka, K Adachi, J Golovin, AV Takahashi, M Teramoto, T Watanabe, N Jahnke, T Weber, T Schoffler, M Schmidt, L Osipov, T Jagutzki, O Landers, AL Prior, MH Schmidt-Bocking, H Dorner, R Yagishita, A Semenov, SK Cherepkov, NA TI Nondipole effects in the angular distribution of photoelectrons from the CK shell of the CO molecule SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SUBSHELL CROSS-SECTIONS; MOMENTUM SPECTROSCOPY; MULTIPOLE CORRECTIONS; LOW ENERGIES; RECOIL-ION; PHOTOIONIZATION; RETARDATION; RESONANCES; SPECTRA; SPACE AB Measurements and calculations of a contribution of the nondipole terms in the angular distribution of photoelectrons from the C K shell of randomly oriented CO molecules are reported. In two sets of measurements, the angular distribution in the plane containing the photon polarization and the photon momentum vectors of linearly polarized radiation and the full three-dimensional photoelectron momentum distribution after absorption of circularly polarized light have been measured. Calculations have been performed in the relaxed core Hartree-Fock approximation with a fractional charge. Both theory and experiment show that the nondipole terms are very small in the photon energy region from the ionization threshold of the K shell up to about 70 eV above it. C1 Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Chem, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Inst Mat Struct Sci, Photon Factory, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Phys, St Petersburg 198504, Russia. Tohoku Univ, Inst Multidisciplinary Res Adv Mat, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, D-60348 Frankfurt, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. State Univ Aerosp Instrumentat, St Petersburg 190000, Russia. RP Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Chem, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RI Schoeffler, Markus/B-6261-2008; Doerner, Reinhard/A-5340-2008; Landers, Allen/C-1213-2013; Weber, Thorsten/K-2586-2013; TERAMOTO, Takahiro/G-1878-2014; Hosaka, Kouichi/B-9265-2015; Golovin, Alexander/M-6118-2013 OI Schoeffler, Markus/0000-0001-9214-6848; Doerner, Reinhard/0000-0002-3728-4268; Weber, Thorsten/0000-0003-3756-2704; TERAMOTO, Takahiro/0000-0002-8954-3911; Hosaka, Kouichi/0000-0003-2355-5642; Golovin, Alexander/0000-0002-4833-5569 NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 022716 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.73.022716 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 017BC UT WOS:000235668100113 ER PT J AU Hu, SX Collins, LA AF Hu, SX Collins, LA TI Strong-field ionization of molecules in circularly polarized few-cycle pulses SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ABOVE-THRESHOLD IONIZATION; LASER-PULSES AB We have numerically investigated ionization of molecules exposed to circularly polarized (CP) intense few-cycle pulses (FCPs) by solving the three-dimensional time-dependent Schrodinger equation. The resulting photoelectron spectra exhibit an interesting "plateau" feature that does not appear for atoms exposed to circularly-polarized laser fields. The origin comes from the intense CP field ionizing a portion of the electron wave packet about one nuclear center and driving it through the other. Moreover, the angular distribution of photoelectrons gives an indication of the carrier-envelope phase of the applied FCP, which implies that steering of photoelectrons in space can be achieved by controlling the FCP phase. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM suxing@lanl.gov; lac@lanl.gov RI Hu, Suxing/A-1265-2007 OI Hu, Suxing/0000-0003-2465-3818 NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 023405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.73.023405 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 017BC UT WOS:000235668100128 ER PT J AU Kanter, EP Ahmad, I Dunford, RW Gemmell, DS Krassig, B Southworth, SH Young, L AF Kanter, EP Ahmad, I Dunford, RW Gemmell, DS Krassig, B Southworth, SH Young, L TI Double K-shell photoionization of silver SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; HYPERSATELLITE SPECTRA; FLUORESCENCE YIELDS; VACANCY PRODUCTION; PHOTO-IONIZATION; BETA-DECAY; HELIUM; ATOMS; TRANSITION AB We have investigated double K-shell vacancy production in x-ray photoionization of silver. Measurements were carried out with photon energies (50-90 keV) varying from below threshold to beyond the expected maximum of the double K-shell ionization cross section. The limit of asymptotically high energies was deduced from measurements of double K-shell ionization following K-electron capture by Cd-109 nuclei. The photon energy dependence of the ratio of double to single K vacancies produced is compared to similar measurements in helium and models thereof. The dependence of that ratio on atomic number is assessed by combining these data with previous experimental and theoretical estimates. The results show a clear growth in the relative importance of the dynamical electron-electron scattering contribution in heavy atoms. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 64 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 022708 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.73.022708 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 017BC UT WOS:000235668100105 ER PT J AU Otranto, S Olson, RE Beiersdorfer, P AF Otranto, S Olson, RE Beiersdorfer, P TI X-ray emission cross sections following charge exchange by multiply charged ions of astrophysical interest SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE ELECTRON-CAPTURE; MAGNETIC TRAPPING MODE; COMET-HYAKUTAKE; IMPACT ENERGIES; SLOW COLLISIONS; FUSION PLASMAS; HEAVY-IONS; HYDROGEN; ATOMS; SPECTROSCOPY AB State selective nl-electron capture cross sections are presented for highly charged ions with Z=6-10 colliding with atoms and molecules. The energy range investigated was from 1 eV/amu(v=0.006 a.u.)to 100 keV/amu(v=2.0 a.u.). The energy dependence of the l-level populations is investigated. The K shell x-ray emission cross sections are determined by using the calculated state-selective electron capture results as input and then applying hydrogenic branching and cascading values for the photon emission. A major shift in the line emission from being almost solely Lyman-alpha transitions at the highest collisions energies to strong high-n to 1s transitions at the lowest energies is observed. The calculated cross sections are in reasonable accord with measurements made by Greenwood [Phys. Rev. A 63, 062707 (2001)], using O8+ and Ne10+ on various targets at 3 keV/amu. The calculations are also in accord with x-ray emission cross section data obtained on the EBIT machine at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) where O8+ and Ne10+ high resolution measurements were made at a temperature of 10 eV/amu for a series of targets with varying ionization potentials. The Ne10+ data clearly shows the contribution from multiple capture followed by Auger autoionization in the line emission spectra. Our calculated line emission cross sections are used to provide an ab initio determination of the soft x-ray spectrum of comet C/Linear 1999 S4 that was observed on the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The calculations show that the spectrum is due to the charge exchange of the neutral gases in the comet's coma with the ions of the slow solar wind. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Otranto, S (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. NR 44 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 022723 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.73.022723 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 017BC UT WOS:000235668100120 ER PT J AU Pustelny, S Kimball, DFJ Rochester, SM Yashchuk, VV Gawlik, W Budker, D AF Pustelny, S Kimball, DFJ Rochester, SM Yashchuk, VV Gawlik, W Budker, D TI Pump-probe nonlinear magneto-optical rotation with frequency-modulated light SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID STABILIZATION; WIDTHS; STATES; ATOMS AB Specific types of atomic coherences between Zeeman sublevels can be generated and detected using a method based on nonlinear magneto-optical rotation with frequency-modulated light. Linearly polarized, frequency-modulated light is employed to selectively generate ground-state coherences between Zeeman sublevels for which Delta m=2 and Delta m=4 in Rb-85 and Rb-87 atoms, and additionally Delta m=6 in Rb-85. The atomic coherences are detected with a separate, unmodulated probe light beam. Separation of the pump and probe beams enables independent investigation of the processes of creation and detection of the atomic coherences. With the present technique the transfer of the Zeeman coherences, including high-order coherences, from excited to ground state by spontaneous emission has been observed. C1 Jagiellonian Univ, Centrum Badan Magnetooptycznych, Inst Fiz M Smoluchowskiego, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. Calif State Univ Hayward, Dept Phys, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pustelny, S (reprint author), Jagiellonian Univ, Centrum Badan Magnetooptycznych, Inst Fiz M Smoluchowskiego, Reymonta 4, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. RI Budker, Dmitry/F-7580-2016 OI Budker, Dmitry/0000-0002-7356-4814 NR 29 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 023817 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.73.023817 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 017BC UT WOS:000235668100183 ER PT J AU Strasser, D Pfeifer, T Hom, BJ Muller, AM Plenge, J Leone, SR AF Strasser, D Pfeifer, T Hom, BJ Muller, AM Plenge, J Leone, SR TI Coherent interaction of femtosecond extreme-uv light with He atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID PROBE PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; QUANTUM CONTROL; PULSES; STATES; LASER; TRANSITIONS AB We show experimentally that spectral phase manipulation of ultrashort extreme-uv light pulses can induce and control coherent transient excitation of the He(1s3p) excited state by the nonresonant components of the broadband extreme-ultraviolet light. The spectral phase manipulation of the 15th harmonic of an intense 805 nm, 80 fs pulse is achieved by propagation of the euv light through a variable optical density of He gas. The acquired spectral phase due to the dispersive interaction of the off-resonance components in the euv pulse with the He(1s3p) resonance enhances and modifies the transient excitation. The temporal evolution of the coherently prepared transient He(1s3p) amplitude is probed by ionization to the continuum with a 400 nm, 80 fs pulse. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 021805 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.73.021805 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 017BC UT WOS:000235668100025 ER PT J AU Toscano, F Dalvit, DAR Davidovich, L Zurek, WH AF Toscano, F Dalvit, DAR Davidovich, L Zurek, WH TI Sub-Planck phase-space structures and Heisenberg-limited measurements SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID JAYNES-CUMMINGS MODEL; QUANTUM; STATE; ENTANGLEMENT; CAVITY; MANIPULATION; DECOHERENCE; PHOTONS; FIELDS; ISSUES AB We show how sub-Planck phase-space structures in the Wigner function [W. H. Zurek, Nature (London) 412, 712 (2001)] can be used to achieve Heisenberg-limited sensitivity in weak-force measurements. Nonclassical states of harmonic oscillators, consisting of superpositions of coherent states, are shown to be useful for the measurement of weak forces that cause translations or rotations in phase space, which is done by entangling the quantum oscillator with a two-level system. Implementations of this strategy in cavity QED and ion traps are described. C1 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, BR-21941972 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, Caixa Postal 68-528, BR-21941972 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RI Toscano, Fabricio/C-5332-2013 OI Toscano, Fabricio/0000-0001-8398-8541 NR 53 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 023803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.73.023803 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 017BC UT WOS:000235668100169 ER PT J AU Trabert, E Beiersdorfer, P Brown, GV Boyce, K Kelley, RL Kilbourne, CA Porter, FS Szymkowiak, A AF Trabert, E Beiersdorfer, P Brown, GV Boyce, K Kelley, RL Kilbourne, CA Porter, FS Szymkowiak, A TI Time-resolved soft-x-ray spectroscopy of a magnetic octupole transition in nickel-like xenon, cesium, and barium ions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; ATOMIC LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; SPECTRA; TRAP; LINES; MICROCALORIMETER; SPECTROMETER; WAVELENGTHS AB A microcalorimeter with event mode capability for time-resolved soft-x-ray spectroscopy, and a high-resolution flat-field extreme ultraviolet spectrometer have been employed at the Livermore EBIT-I electron beam ion trap for observations and wavelength measurements of M1, E2, and M3 decays of long-lived levels in the Ni-like ions Xe26+, Cs27+, and Ba28+. Of particular interest is the lowest excited level, 3d(9)4s D-3(3), which can only decay via a magnetic octupole (M3) transition. For this level in Xe, an excitation energy of (590.40 +/- 0.03 eV) and a level lifetime of (11.5 +/- 0.5 ms) have been determined. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, High Temp & Plasma Phys Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, High Temp & Plasma Phys Div, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM trabert1@llnl.gov RI Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012 OI Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; NR 39 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 022508 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.73.022508 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 017BC UT WOS:000235668100094 ER PT J AU Zhang, JY Yan, ZC Vrinceanu, D Babb, JF Sadeghpour, HR AF Zhang, JY Yan, ZC Vrinceanu, D Babb, JF Sadeghpour, HR TI Long-range interactions between a He(2 S-3) atom and a He(2 P-3) atom for like isotopes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ULTRACOLD METASTABLE HELIUM; SCATTERING LENGTH AB For the interactions between a He(2 S-3) atom and a He(2 P-3) atom for like isotopes, we report perturbation theoretic calculations using accurate variational wave functions in Hylleraas coordinates of the coefficients determining the potential energies at large internuclear separations. We evaluate the coefficient C-3 of the first order resonant dipole-dipole energy and the van der Waals coefficients C-6, C-8, and C-10 for the second order energies arising from the mutual perturbations of instantaneous electric dipole, quadrupole, and octupole interactions. We also evaluate the leading contribution to the third-order energy. We establish definitive values including treatment of the finite nuclear mass for the He-3(2 S-3)-He-3(2 P-3) and He-4(2 S-3)-He-4(2 P-3) interactions. C1 Univ New Brunswick, Dept Phys, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, T4 Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Univ New Brunswick, Dept Phys, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. RI Yan, Zong-Chao/F-6668-2014 NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 022710 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.73.022710 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 017BC UT WOS:000235668100107 ER PT J AU Antonov, VE Bashkin, IO Fedotov, VK Khasanov, SS Hansen, T Ivanov, AS Kolesnikov, AI Natkaniec, I AF Antonov, VE Bashkin, IO Fedotov, VK Khasanov, SS Hansen, T Ivanov, AS Kolesnikov, AI Natkaniec, I TI Crystal structure and lattice dynamics of high-pressure scandium trihydride SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH-METALS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; HYDROGEN; YD3; HYDRIDES; NUCLEAR AB Powder samples of hcp ScH2.9 and ScD2.9 have been synthesized under a 1 GPa pressure of gaseous hydrogen or deuterium and studied at ambient pressure and 95 K by neutron diffraction. A profile analysis of the diffraction patterns indicated a crystal structure with P6(3)/mmc symmetry that differs from the structures of hcp trihydrides of yttrium and rare-earth metals by the absence of long-range order in the displacements of hydrogen atoms from high-symmetry positions. The lattice dynamics of scandium trihydride and, for comparison, yttrium trihydride were studied by inelastic neutron scattering at 20 K in the range of energy transfers 4-250 meV. The spectra of optical H vibrations in these two trihydrides proved to be similar, suggesting similar arrangements of hydrogen atoms on a short-range scale. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow District, Russia. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Frank Lab Neutron Phys, Dubna 141980, Moscow District, Russia. H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. RP Antonov, VE (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow District, Russia. RI Kolesnikov, Alexander/I-9015-2012; Hansen, Thomas/A-2729-2012; Khasanov, Salavat/R-8690-2016 OI Kolesnikov, Alexander/0000-0003-1940-4649; Hansen, Thomas/0000-0003-4611-2393; NR 22 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 5 AR 054107 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.054107 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 017BE UT WOS:000235668300031 ER PT J AU Avdeev, M Jorgensen, JD Short, S Samara, GA Venturini, EL Yang, P Morosin, B AF Avdeev, M Jorgensen, JD Short, S Samara, GA Venturini, EL Yang, P Morosin, B TI Pressure-induced ferroelectric to antiferroelectric phase transition in Pb-0.99(Zr0.95Ti0.05)(0.08)Nb0.2O3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; TEMPERATURE; PEROVSKITES; CERAMICS AB Zr-rich, Nb-doped lead zirconate titanate ceramic and powder samples with composition near Pb-0.99(Zr0.95Ti0.05)(0.98)Nb0.02O3 [PZT95/5(2Nb)] have been studied in the range of hydrostatic pressure 0-6.2 kbar and temperature 12-295 K by time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and dielectric measurements. The combination of the two techniques has led to further insights into the properties and pressure-induced ferroelectric rhombohedral R3c (F-R(LT)) to antiferroelectric orthorhombic Pbam (A(O)) phase transition in this material, and the diffraction results have provided a detailed view of the ionic displacements induced by changes in pressure and temperature as well as the displacements accompanying the transition. At 295 K the diffraction results revealed a sharp transition at 2.1 kbar; at 200 K this transition occurs at 1.1 kbar. The transformation is incomplete: after the initial sharp drop in the F-R(LT) content at the transition, 20 wt % of the sample remains in the low-pressure F-R(LT) phase. Above the transition, the fraction of F-R(LT), which exists as a minority phase in the high-pressure A(O) phase, continues to decrease, but even at our highest pressure of 6.2 kbar, similar to 8 wt % of the sample remains in the F-R(LT) phase. The volume contraction at the F-R(LT)-to-A(O) transition unexpectedly results in the retained minority F-R(LT) being anisotropically "clamped," with its a axis slightly expanded and c axis contracted at the transition. On pressure release to 1 bar at 295 K, only 26% of the F-R(LT) phase is recovered, and this remains in the clamped state because of the surrounding majority A(O) phase. Heating the sample above 350 K at 1 bar followed by cooling to room temperature results in full recovery of the F-R(LT) phase. The spontaneous polarization (P-S) of the F-R(LT) phase and its pressure and temperature dependences were determined from the ionic displacements. At 295 K, P-S=38 mu C/cm(2)-a value greater than the 31-32 mu C/cm(2) commonly observed on ceramic PZT95/5(2Nb) samples. The difference is undoubtedly related to residual porosity in ceramic samples as well as the inability of the poling electric field to align all the polar domains. P-S increases monotonically with decreasing temperature, reaching a value of similar to 44 mu C/cm(2) at 12 K. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60636 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Avdeev, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60636 USA. RI Avdeev, Maxim/A-5625-2008 OI Avdeev, Maxim/0000-0003-2366-5809 NR 23 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 38 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 6 AR 064105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.064105 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 017BH UT WOS:000235668600022 ER PT J AU Aziz, MJ Zhao, YC Gossmann, HJ Mitha, S Smith, SP Schiferl, D AF Aziz, MJ Zhao, YC Gossmann, HJ Mitha, S Smith, SP Schiferl, D TI Pressure and stress effects on the diffusion of B and Sb in Si and Si-Ge alloys SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SELF-INTERSTITIAL DIFFUSIVITIES; OXIDATION-ENHANCED DIFFUSION; BORON-DIFFUSION; IMPURITY DIFFUSION; DOPANT DIFFUSION; POINT-DEFECTS; DOPING-SUPERLATTICES; AB-INITIO; CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS; ACTIVATION-ENERGY AB The hydrostatic pressure dependence of the diffusivity of B and Sb in Si and of B in Si89Ge11 has been measured. The diffusivity of Sb in Si is retarded by pressure, characterized by an apparent activation volume of V-Sb=+0.06 +/- 0.04 times the Si atomic volume Omega. The diffusivity of B is enhanced by pressure, characterized by an apparent activation volume of V-B of (-0.16 +/- 0.05) Omega. The diffusivity of B in strain-relaxed Si89Ge11 is imperceptibly pressure dependent, characterized by an apparent activation volume of (+0.03 +/- 0.03) Omega. V-B in Si is close to the activation volume for the interstitialcy mechanism calculated for B in Si by ab initio methods. V-Sb is close to some values inferred from atomistic calculations for a vacancy mechanism; problems of interpretation are discussed. A phenomenological thermodynamic treatment of diffusion under hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic stress is developed for sample configurations in which virtually all point defect equilibration occurs at the free surface of a hydrostatically or biaxially strained thin film stack. Relationships are predicted between the effects of hydrostatic and biaxial stress on diffusion normal to the surface. The prediction for Sb diffusion agrees reasonably well with measured behavior for Sb diffusion in biaxially strained Si and Si-Ge films, lending additional support to the conclusion that the vacancy mechanism dominates Sb diffusion, and supporting the nonhydrostatic thermodynamic treatment. The same analysis is used to compare hydrostatic boron results with ab initio calculations and with literature values for the biaxial strain effect on diffusion, and the resulting agreements and disagreements are discussed critically. Predictions for the effect of biaxial strain on diffusion parallel to the surface are made using these results and analyses. C1 Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. AMD, Hopewell Jct, NY 12533 USA. Charles Evans & Assoc, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Aziz, MJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM maziz@harvard.edu RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Albe, Karsten/F-1139-2011 NR 58 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 5 AR 054101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.054101 PG 20 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 017BE UT WOS:000235668300025 ER PT J AU Belashchenko, KD Antropov, VP Zein, NE AF Belashchenko, KD Antropov, VP Zein, NE TI Self-consistent local GW method: Application to 3d and 4d metals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-GAS; SYSTEMS; ENERGY AB The spectral densities for 3d and 4d transition metals are calculated using the simplified version of the self-consistent GW method employing the local (one-site) approximation and the self-consistent quasiparticle basis set. The results are compared with those given by the traditional local density approximation (LDA) and also with experimental x-ray photoemission and inverse photoemission spectra. While no systematic improvements over LDA are observed, this fully self-consistent many-body technique generates quite reasonable results and can serve as a practical prototype for further development of the many-body electronic structure theory. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Ctr Mat Res & Anal, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. IV Kurchatov Atom Energy Inst, Russian Res Ctr, Moscow 123182, Russia. RP Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RI Belashchenko, Kirill/A-9744-2008 OI Belashchenko, Kirill/0000-0002-8518-1490 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 7 AR 073105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.073105 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 017BK UT WOS:000235668900005 ER PT J AU Belyavsky, VI Levin, MN Olson, NJ AF Belyavsky, VI Levin, MN Olson, NJ TI Defect-induced lattice magnetism: Phenomenology of magnetic-field-stimulated defect reactions in nonmagnetic solids SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALS AB We develop the phenomenology of magnetic-field-stimulated defect reactions in nonmagnetic solids based on the concept of defect-induced lattice magnetism (DILM) associated with a rise of spontaneous orbital currents in the elastic strain field produced by a defect. We present the hierarchy of all magnetic symmetry classes corresponding to the current structures with long-range or short-range orbital antiferromagnetic order depending on the perfect crystal symmetry and the symmetry of the defect-induced strain field. This strain field can result in a confinement of orbital currents and gives rise to size-quantized orbital magnon excitations. An external magnetic field leads to the splitting of magnon levels and causes the transitions between some of the intersecting Zeeman sublevels. The excitation of orbital magnon from the discrete size-quantized level into the continuous spectrum can be considered as the principal stage of magnetic field stimulated defect reactions. One can consider the DILM phenomenology as a contribution to a new field of solid state physics which could be termed the spin chemistry of solids. C1 Russian Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 119991, Russia. Voronezh State Univ, Voronezh 394693, Russia. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Belyavsky, VI (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 119991, Russia. RI Belyavsky, Vladimir/M-5253-2015 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 5 AR 054429 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.054429 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 017BE UT WOS:000235668300070 ER PT J AU Bock, N Wallace, DC Coffey, D AF Bock, N Wallace, DC Coffey, D TI Adiabatic and nonadiabatic contributions to the free energy from the electron-phonon interaction for Na, K, Al, and Pb SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; QUANTUM; METALS; HEAT AB We calculate the adiabatic contributions to the free energy due to the electron-phonon interaction at intermediate temperatures 0 <= k(B)T = 3/2, the dependence of E-N(S,s) on s can be described by a scaling relation, and this relation is shown to hold well for ring sizes up to N=80 for all intrinsic spins in the range 3/2 <= s <= 7/2. Considering ring sizes in the interval 8 <= N <= 50, we find that the energy gap between the ground state and the first excited state approaches zero proportional to 1/N-alpha, where alpha approximate to 0.76 for s=3/2 and alpha approximate to 0.84 for s=5/2. Finally, we demonstrate the usefulness of our present results for E-N(S,s) by examining the Fe-12 ring-type magnetic molecule, leading to a more accurate estimate of the exchange constant for this system than has been obtained heretofore. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Engelhardt, L (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 41 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 5 AR 054430 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.054430 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 017BE UT WOS:000235668300071 ER PT J AU Ghosh, S Biava, DA Shelton, WA Johnson, DD AF Ghosh, S Biava, DA Shelton, WA Johnson, DD TI Systematically exact integrated density-of-states Lloyd's formula for disordered alloys with short-range order SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; RANDOM SUBSTITUTIONAL ALLOYS; KOHN-ROSTOKER METHOD; COHERENT-POTENTIAL APPROXIMATION; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING THEORY; GREENS-FUNCTION METHOD; METALLIC ALLOYS; TOTAL-ENERGY; SYSTEMS; MODEL AB We derive an analytic expression for the configurationally averaged integrated density of states < N >, or Lloyd's formula, within the dynamical cluster approximation (DCA) to dynamical mean-field theory, or so-called nonlocal coherent potential approximation (NLCPA) within the Korringa, Kohn, and Rostoker multiple-scattering theory. Our generalized Lloyd's formula includes atomic correlations over a finite cluster in which the NLCPA/DCA systematically incorporates multisite configurational effects, including short range order (SRO). The Lloyd's formula is necessary and sufficient for constructing analytically a variational total-energy formalism within density functional theory (DFT) that contains SRO and is systematically exact with increasing cluster size. We show also that our < N > expression is stationary with respect to changes in the NLCPA/DCA effective medium, a critical requirement for establishing a stationary DFT for alloys with disorder. We then demonstrate the correctness of the Lloyd's formula by comparing the density of states obtained from the numerical derivative of our formula and from the direct calculation from Green's function for disordered fcc CuAu and bcc NiAl, with and without SRO and different sized cluster environments. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Indian Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Gauhati 781039, Assam, India. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1304 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. OI Johnson, Duane/0000-0003-0794-7283 NR 65 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 8 AR 085106 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.085106 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 017BM UT WOS:000235669100021 ER PT J AU Hastings, MB AF Hastings, MB TI Solving gapped hamiltonians locally SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-MATRIX RENORMALIZATION; BOND GROUND-STATES; SPIN SYSTEMS; QUANTUM; ANTIFERROMAGNETS; EQUIVALENCE; LATTICE; CHAINS AB We show that any short-range Hamiltonian with a gap between the ground and excited states can be written as a sum of local operators, such that the ground state is an approximate eigenvector of each operator separately. We then show that the ground state of any such Hamiltonian is close to a generalized matrix product state. The range of the given operators needed to obtain a good approximation to the ground state is proportional to the square of the logarithm of the system size times a characteristic "factorization length." Applications to many-body quantum simulation are discussed. We also consider density matrices of systems at non zero temperature. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hastings, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hastings@lanl.gov NR 28 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 8 AR 085115 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.085115 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 017BM UT WOS:000235669100030 ER PT J AU Hruska, M Kos, S Crooker, SA Saxena, A Smith, DL AF Hruska, M Kos, S Crooker, SA Saxena, A Smith, DL TI Effects of strain, electric, and magnetic fields on lateral electron-spin transport in semiconductor epilayers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-WELLS; FARADAY-ROTATION; RELAXATION; GAAS; SPINTRONICS; SUPPRESSION; TRANSISTOR; DYNAMICS AB We construct a spin-drift-diffusion model to describe spin-polarized electron transport in zinc-blende semiconductors in the presence of magnetic fields, electric fields, and off-diagonal strain. We present predictions of the model for geometries that correspond to optical spin injection from the absorption of circularly polarized light, and for geometries that correspond to electrical spin injection from ferromagnetic contacts. Starting with the Keldysh Green's function description for a system driven out of equilibrium, we construct a semiclassical kinetic theory of electron-spin transport in strained semiconductors in the presence of electric and magnetic fields. From this kinetic theory we derive spin-drift-diffusion equations for the components of the spin-density matrix for the specific case of spatially uniform fields and uniform electron density. We solve the spin-drift-diffusion equations numerically and compare the resulting images with scanning Kerr microscopy data of spin-polarized conduction electrons flowing laterally in bulk epilayers of n-type GaAs. The spin-drift-diffusion model accurately describes the experimental observations. We contrast the properties of electron-spin precession resulting from magnetic and strain fields. Spin-strain coupling depends linearly on electron wave vector, and spin-magnetic field coupling is independent of electron wave vector. As a result, spatial coherence of precessing spin flows is better maintained with strain than with magnetic fields, and the spatial period of spin precession is independent of the applied electrical bias in strained structures whereas it is strongly bias-dependent for the case of applied magnetic fields. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hruska, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Kos, Simon/G-3289-2016 OI Kos, Simon/0000-0003-1657-9793 NR 55 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 7 AR 075306 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.075306 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 017BK UT WOS:000235668900066 ER PT J AU Hufnagel, TC Ott, RT Almer, J AF Hufnagel, TC Ott, RT Almer, J TI Structural aspects of elastic deformation of a metallic glass SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; THIN-FILMS; AMORPHOUS SOLIDS; COMPOSITES; SCATTERING; ANISOTROPY; INTENSITIES; RELAXATION; CONSTANTS; MODULUS AB We report the use of high-energy x-ray scattering to measure strain in a Zr57Ti5Cu20Ni8Al10 bulk metallic glass in situ during uniaxial compression in the elastic regime up to stresses of approximately 60% of the yield stress. The strains extracted in two ways-directly from the normalized scattering data and from the pair correlation functions-are in good agreement with each other for length scales greater than 4 A. The elastic modulus calculated on the basis of this strain is in good agreement with that reported for closely related amorphous alloys based on macroscopic measurements. The strain measured for atoms in the nearest-neighbor shell, however, is smaller than that for more distant shells, and the effective elastic modulus calculated from the strain on this scale is therefore larger, comparable to crystalline alloys of similar composition. These observations are in agreement with previously proposed models in which the nominally elastic deformation of a metallic glass has a significant anelastic component due to atomic rearrangements in topologically unstable regions of the structure. We also observe that the distribution of the atomic-level stresses in the glass becomes more uniform during loading. This implies that the stiffness of metallic glasses may have an entropic contribution, analogous to the entropic contribution in rubber elasticity. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hufnagel, TC (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM hufnagel@jhu.edu RI Hufnagel, Todd/A-3309-2010 OI Hufnagel, Todd/0000-0002-6373-9377 NR 49 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 4 U2 54 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 6 AR 064204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.064204 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 017BH UT WOS:000235668600037 ER PT J AU Krishnamurthy, VV Robertson, JL Fishman, RS Lumsden, MD Mitchell, JF AF Krishnamurthy, VV Robertson, JL Fishman, RS Lumsden, MD Mitchell, JF TI Anisotropic spin waves and exchange interactions in the A-type antiferromagnetic state of Pr0.5Sr0.5MnO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; MANGANITES; TRANSITION; OXIDES; SUPEREXCHANGE; PHYSICS; CHARGE; FILMS AB Inelastic neutron scattering is used to investigate the spin dynamics in the layered A-type antiferromagnetic state of Pr0.5Sr0.5MnO3 at 20 K. The spin wave dispersion, observed between 2 and 12 meV, for neutron momentum transfer, Q, parallel to the ferromagnetic planes is found to be much steeper than the dispersion when Q is perpendicular to the ferromagnetic planes, indicating strong anisotropy. Here we show that the three-dimensional Heisenberg model with nearest neighbor exchange interactions, an interlayer antiferromagnetic coupling, an intralayer ferromagnetic coupling, and a single ion anisotropy can account for these dispersions. A comparison of the ratio of exchange couplings in Pr0.5Sr0.5MnO3 and LaMnO3 shows that the anisotropy of exchange interactions strongly depends on the type of orbital ordering. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Krishnamurthy, VV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Fishman, Randy/C-8639-2013; Lumsden, Mark/F-5366-2012 OI Lumsden, Mark/0000-0002-5472-9660 NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 6 AR 060404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.060404 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 017BH UT WOS:000235668600006 ER PT J AU Lipp, MJ Yoo, CH Strachan, D Daniels, WB AF Lipp, MJ Yoo, CH Strachan, D Daniels, WB TI Band-structure parameters and Fermi resonances of exciton-polaritons in CsI and CsBr under hydrostatic pressure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-ABSORPTION SPECTRA; EQUATION-OF-STATE; PHASE-TRANSITION; ALKALI-HALIDES; ENERGY BANDS; 3-PHOTON SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CRYSTALS; METALLIZATION; KI AB Most alkali halides crystallize in the fcc sodium chloride structure. In contrast, with the exception of CsF, the Cs-halides form the simple cubic cesium chloride (CsCl) structure at ambient conditions and they have a substantially different electronic structure than other alkali halides; in particular, they have several nearly degenerate electronic levels near the Brillouin zone center. Highly resolved three-photon spectroscopy (TPS) measurements allow direct observation of the near band edge structure and, in the case of CsI, probe more states than one-photon techniques. A number of interesting phenomena, among them level repulsion (Fermi resonance), occur as these levels are tuned through one another by application of hydrostatic pressure. Doubling the photon energy range compared to a previous publication [see Yoo , Phys. Rev. Lett 84, 3875 (2000)] allows direct observation of the n=1, 2, and 3 exciton-polariton members of the Gamma(-)(8)-Gamma(+)(6) transition in CsI and lets us establish unambiguous values for the band gap (6.135 eV), binding energy (0.263 eV), and their pressure dependence up to 7 kbar. Similarly to CsI, the CsBr linewidth of the lowest Gamma(-)(4) polariton (A) decreases upon compression and its bandgap must be higher than 7.20 eV. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, H Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Yoo, CH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, H Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 8 AR 085121 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.085121 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 017BM UT WOS:000235669100036 ER PT J AU Migliori, A Ledbetter, H Lawson, AC Ramirez, AP Miller, DA Betts, JB Ramos, M Lashley, JC AF Migliori, A Ledbetter, H Lawson, AC Ramirez, AP Miller, DA Betts, JB Ramos, M Lashley, JC TI Unexpected elastic softening in delta-plutonium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHASE PLUTONIUM; PU; LOCALIZATION; METALS AB Elastic-constant measurements on a Pu-2.4 at. % Ga quasiisotropic polycrystal reveal remarkable elastic softening as temperature increases from ambient to 500 K. Unexpected softening appears in both the bulk modulus B and the shear modulus G, thus in all quasiisotropic elastic stiffnesses such as the Young modulus and the Lame constants. The dB/dT slope gives a (lattice) Gruneisen parameter gamma=3.7, much higher than a typical fcc-metallic-element value of 2.4 +/- 0.5. Especially, this high gamma from dB/dT measurements disagrees strongly with the gamma=-0.26 +/- 0.5 from volume measurements. The dB/dT slope exceeds that measured previously at lower temperatures. Also, it exceeds that expected from high-temperature Debye-Waller-factor measurements. A two-level model used successfully previously to interpret this alloy's unusually low thermal expansion also describes the large dB/dT. We comment on possible explanations for plutonium's odd anharmonic behavior. These concepts include magnetism, 5f-electron localization-delocalization, and vibrational entropy. Our measurements on the Pu-Ga polycrystal agree remarkably well with a Kroner-theory average of previous measurements on a same-composition monocrystal. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Migliori, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 32 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 5 AR 052101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.052101 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 017BE UT WOS:000235668300001 ER PT J AU Moya, X Manosa, L Planes, A Krenke, T Acet, M Garlea, VO Lograsso, TA Schlagel, DL Zarestky, JL AF Moya, X Manosa, L Planes, A Krenke, T Acet, M Garlea, VO Lograsso, TA Schlagel, DL Zarestky, JL TI Lattice dynamics and phonon softening in Ni-Mn-Al Heusler alloys SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOYS; NI2MNGA SINGLE-CRYSTALS; FIELD-INDUCED STRAINS; MARTENSITIC TRANSFORMATIONS; PREMARTENSITIC PHENOMENA; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; TRANSITION; PHASE; ORDER AB Inelastic and elastic neutron scattering have been used to study a single crystal of the Ni54Mn23Al23 Heusler alloy over a broad temperature range. The paper reports the experimental determination of the low-lying phonon dispersion curves for this alloy system. We find that the frequencies of the TA(2) modes are relatively low. This branch exhibits an anomaly (dip) at a wave number xi(0)=1/3 approximate to 0.33, which softens with decreasing temperature. Associated with this anomalous dip at xi(0), an elastic central peak scattering is also present. We have also observed satellites due to the magnetic ordering. C1 Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept Estructura & Constituents Mat, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Duisberg Essen, Fachbereich Phys Expt Phys, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Manosa, L (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept Estructura & Constituents Mat, Diagonal 647, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. EM lluis@ecm.ub.es RI Acet, Mehmet/F-4442-2012; Manosa, Lluis/D-8579-2014; Planes, Antoni/O-1904-2015; Garlea, Vasile/A-4994-2016; OI Manosa, Lluis/0000-0002-1182-2670; Planes, Antoni/0000-0001-5213-5714; Garlea, Vasile/0000-0002-5322-7271; Moya, Xavier/0000-0003-0276-1981 NR 30 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 6 AR 064303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.064303 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 017BH UT WOS:000235668600041 ER PT J AU Nakagawa, T Yeom, HW Rotenberg, E Krenzer, B Kevan, SD Okuyama, H Nishijima, M Aruga, T AF Nakagawa, T Yeom, HW Rotenberg, E Krenzer, B Kevan, SD Okuyama, H Nishijima, M Aruga, T TI Long-period surface structure stabilized by Fermi surface nesting: Cu(001)-(root 20x root 20)R26.6 degrees-In SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-DENSITY WAVES; IN/CU(001) AB We have studied the atomic and electronic structure of the Cu(001)-(root 20x root 20)R26.6 degrees-In surface, which undergoes a reversible transition to a p(2x2) phase at high temperature. Low temperature scanning-tunneling microscopy indicates a p(2x2) structure modulated at the (root 20x root 20) periodicity. Angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy shows a surface resonance exhibiting gap opening and backfolding along a (root 20x root 20) zone boundary. We suggest that the (root 20x root 20) structure is stabilized due to the Fermi surface nesting accompanying a surface charge density wave. C1 Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Chem, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Yonsei Univ, Ctr Atom Wires & Layers, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Inst Phys & Appl Phys, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Aruga, T (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Chem, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. EM aruga@kuchem.kyoto-u.ac.jp RI Rotenberg, Eli/B-3700-2009; Kevan, Stephen/F-6415-2010; Okuyama, Hiroshi/H-7570-2014; Aruga, Tetsuya/B-7782-2010 OI Rotenberg, Eli/0000-0002-3979-8844; Kevan, Stephen/0000-0002-4621-9142; Aruga, Tetsuya/0000-0002-4276-0679 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 7 AR 075407 DI 10.1103/PhysREvB.73.075407 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 017BK UT WOS:000235668900098 ER PT J AU Petrova, AE Krasnorussky, V Sarrao, J Stishov, SM AF Petrova, AE Krasnorussky, V Sarrao, J Stishov, SM TI Tricritical behavior in MnSi at nearly hydrostatic pressure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM PHASE-TRANSITION; ITINERANT FERROMAGNET; SPIN FLUCTUATIONS; ELECTRON; STATE AB AC magnetic susceptibility of a single crystal of MnSi was measured along the ferromagnetic phase-transition line up to a pressure of 0.8 GPa created by compressed helium. The results show that the tricritical point is situated at much lower pressure and at significantly higher temperature (P-tr congruent to 0.355 GPa, T-tr congruent to 25.2 K) than was reported previously (similar to 1.2 GPa, similar to 12 K). These observations put certain constraints on the origin of the tricritical point in MnSi. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Pressure Phys, Troitsk, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Petrova, AE (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Pressure Phys, Troitsk, Russia. EM sergei@hppi.troitsk.ru NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 5 AR 052409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.052409 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 017BE UT WOS:000235668300013 ER PT J AU Popescu, F Yildirim, Y Alvarez, G Moreo, A Dagotto, E AF Popescu, F Yildirim, Y Alvarez, G Moreo, A Dagotto, E TI Critical temperatures of the two-band model for diluted magnetic semiconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETISM; GA1-XMNXAS AB Using dynamical mean field theory and Monte Carlo simulations, we study the ferromagnetic transition temperature (T-c) of a two-band model for diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS), varying coupling constants, hopping parameters, and carrier densities. We found that T-c is optimized at all fillings p when both impurity bands fully overlap in the same energy range, namely when the exchange couplings J and bandwidths are identical. The optimal T-c is found to be about twice larger than the maximum value obtained in the one-band model, showing the importance of multiband descriptions of DMS at intermediate J's. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Popescu, F (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 7 AR 075206 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.075206 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 017BK UT WOS:000235668900055 ER PT J AU Rai, RC Cao, J Musfeldt, JL Singh, DJ Wei, X Jin, R Zhou, ZX Sales, BC Mandrus, D AF Rai, RC Cao, J Musfeldt, JL Singh, DJ Wei, X Jin, R Zhou, ZX Sales, BC Mandrus, D TI Magnetodielectric effect in the S=1/2 quasi-two-dimensional antiferromagnet K2V3O8 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULE-BASED MAGNET; DOPED SRTIO3; THIN-FILMS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; ELECTROCHROMISM; TRANSITION; THERMOCHROMISM; PHOTOCHROMISM; EXCITATIONS; PRESSURE AB We report the optical and magneto-optical properties of K2V3O8, an S=1/2 quasi-two-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet. Local spin density approximation electronic structure calculations are used to assign the observed excitations and analyze the field-dependent features. Two large magneto-optical effects, centered at similar to 1.19 and 2.5 eV, are attributed to field-induced changes in the V(4+)d -> d on-site excitations due to modification of the local crystal field environment of the VO5 square pyramids with applied magnetic field. Taken together, the evidence for a soft lattice, the presence of vibrational fine structure on the sharp 1.19 eV magneto-optical feature, and the fact that these optical excitations are due to transitions from a nearly pure spin-polarized V d state to hybridized states involving both V and O, suggest that the magneto-dielectric effect in K2V3O8 is driven by strong lattice coupling. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Rai, RC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Cao, Jinbo/C-7537-2009; Singh, David/I-2416-2012; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014; OI Rai, Ram/0000-0003-2475-2488 NR 69 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 7 AR 075112 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.075112 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 017BK UT WOS:000235668900039 ER PT J AU Ronning, F Capan, C Bauer, ED Thompson, JD Sarrao, JL Movshovich, R AF Ronning, F Capan, C Bauer, ED Thompson, JD Sarrao, JL Movshovich, R TI Pressure study of quantum criticality in CeCoIn5 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRON; SYSTEMS AB We report resistivity measurements in the normal state of CeCoIn5 down to 40 mK and simultaneously in magnetic fields up to 9 T in the [001] crystallographic direction and under pressures up to 1.3 GPa. At ambient pressure the data are consistent with a field tuned quantum critical point coincident with the superconducting upper critical field H-c2, as observed previously. We find that with increasing pressure the quantum critical point moves inside the superconducting dome to lower fields. Thus, we can rule out that superconductivity is directly responsible for the non-Fermi-liquid behavior in CeCoIn5. Instead, the data point toward an antiferromagnetic quantum critical point scenario. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ronning, F (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; OI Ronning, Filip/0000-0002-2679-7957; Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937 NR 23 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 6 AR 064519 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.064519 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 017BH UT WOS:000235668600086 ER PT J AU Rossnagel, K Smith, NV AF Rossnagel, K Smith, NV TI Spin-orbit coupling in the band structure of reconstructed 1T-TaS2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LAYER COMPOUNDS; TEMPERATURE; 2H-TASE2 AB Empirical tight-binding simulations of the band structure of 1T-TaS2 reveal that the combination of spin-orbit coupling and the low-temperature root 13 X root 13 reconstruction generates a distinct and very narrow band at the Fermi level. Spin-orbit interaction is therefore important in any understanding of the correlation effects in this material. The states within the split-off band are primarily of d(x)(2)-y(2), d(xy) character and reside preferentially on the central atom of the "Star-of-David" cluster. C1 Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Angew Phys, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. BESSY GmbH, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. RP Rossnagel, K (reprint author), Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Angew Phys, Olshaussenstr 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. EM rossnagel@physik.uni-kiel.de; nvsmith@lbl.gov RI Rossnagel, Kai/F-8822-2011 OI Rossnagel, Kai/0000-0001-5107-0090 NR 15 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 7 AR 073106 DI 10.1103/PhysRecB.73.073106 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 017BK UT WOS:000235668900006 ER PT J AU Rotenberg, E Wu, YZ An, JM Van Hove, MA Canning, A Wang, LW Qiu, ZQ AF Rotenberg, E Wu, YZ An, JM Van Hove, MA Canning, A Wang, LW Qiu, ZQ TI Non-free-electron momentum- and thickness-dependent evolution of quantum well states in the Cu/Co/Cu(001) system SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; PHOTOEMISSION; EXCHANGE AB We present systematic k(parallel to)-dependent measurements of the Fermi surface and underlying band structure of quantum well states in Cu/Co/Cu(001). Compared to bands from normal emission, we find a complicated evolution of "split" quantum well states as a function of the thicknesses of both the copper overlayer and the cobalt barrier layer. Self-consistent calculations show that the penetration of the quantum well states into the cobalt barrier layer is significant and leads to the observed very non-free-electron behavior of these states. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Rotenberg, E (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Van Hove, Michel/A-9862-2008; Rotenberg, Eli/B-3700-2009; Wu, yizheng/P-2395-2014; Qiu, Zi Qiang/O-4421-2016 OI Van Hove, Michel/0000-0002-8898-6921; Rotenberg, Eli/0000-0002-3979-8844; Wu, yizheng/0000-0002-9289-1271; Qiu, Zi Qiang/0000-0003-0680-0714 NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 7 AR 075426 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.075426 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 017BK UT WOS:000235668900117 ER PT J AU Sharma, P Kimura, H Inoue, A Arenholz, E Guo, JH AF Sharma, P Kimura, H Inoue, A Arenholz, E Guo, JH TI Temperature and thickness driven spin-reorientation transition in amorphous Co-Fe-Ta-B thin films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ULTRATHIN FILMS; ANISOTROPY; COBALT AB Magnetic properties of amorphous Co-Fe-Ta-B thin films are investigated. A tailorable spin reorientation transition (SRT) from in-plane single-domain-like state to out-of-plane multidomain state with increasing film thickness and temperature is obtained up to similar to 2.5 mu m thick films, in contrast to previously reported ultrathin ferromagnetic films of transition metals consisting of about half a dozen of monolayers. Atomic relaxation is shown to have significant influence on the SRT. Our results showed that the atomic randomness and the strains are responsible for the SRT in magnetic materials. C1 Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sharma, P (reprint author), Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. EM sharmap@imr.tohoku.ac.jp RI Sharma, Parmanand/C-1518-2011; Kimura, Hisamichi/D-5449-2012; Inoue, Akihisa/E-5271-2015 NR 21 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 5 AR 052401 DI 10.1103/PhyRevB.73.052401 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 017BE UT WOS:000235668300005 ER PT J AU Shytov, AV Mishchenko, EG Engel, HA Halperin, BI AF Shytov, AV Mishchenko, EG Engel, HA Halperin, BI TI Small-angle impurity scattering and the spin Hall conductivity in two-dimensional semiconductor systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON AB An arbitrarily small concentration of impurities can affect the spin Hall conductivity in a two-dimensional semiconductor system. We develop a Boltzmann-like equation that can be used for impurity scattering with an arbitrary angular dependence, and for an arbitrary angular dependence of the spin-orbit field b(k) around the Fermi surface. For a model applicable to a two-dimensional hole system in GaAs, if the impurity scattering is not isotropic, we find that the spin Hall conductivity depends on the derivative of b with respect to the energy, on deviations from a parabolic band structure, and on the angular dependence of the scattering. In principle, the resulting spin Hall conductivity can be larger or smaller than the "intrinsic value," and can have an opposite sign. In the limit of small-angle scattering, in a model appropriate for small hole concentrations, where the band is parabolic and b proportional to k(3), the spin Hall conductivity has an opposite sign from the intrinsic value, and has a larger magnitude. Our analysis assumes that the spin-orbit splitting b and the transport scattering rate tau(-1) are both small compared to the Fermi energy, but the method is valid for an arbitrary value of b tau. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Lyman Lab, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Shytov, AV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Shytov, Andrey/0000-0002-4674-8124 NR 45 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 7 AR 075316 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.075316 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 017BK UT WOS:000235668900076 ER PT J AU Stock, C Ellis, D Swainson, IP Xu, GY Hiraka, H Zhong, Z Luo, H Zhao, X Viehland, D Birgeneau, RJ Shirane, G AF Stock, C Ellis, D Swainson, IP Xu, GY Hiraka, H Zhong, Z Luo, H Zhao, X Viehland, D Birgeneau, RJ Shirane, G TI Damped soft phonons and diffuse scattering in 40%Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-60%PbTiO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RELAXOR FERROELECTRIC PBMG1/3NB2/3O3; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; TEMPERATURES; BEHAVIOR; TITANATE; NEUTRON; MODEL AB Using neutron elastic and inelastic scattering and high-energy x-ray diffraction, we present a comparison of 40% Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-60% PbTiO3 (PMN-60PT) with pure Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3 (PMN) and PbTiO3 (PT). We measure the structural properties of PMN-60PT to be identical to pure PT, however, the lattice dynamics are exactly that previously found in relaxors PMN and Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O-3 (PZN). PMN-60PT displays a well-defined macroscopic structural transition from a cubic to tetragonal unit cell at 550 K. The diffuse scattering is shown to be weak indicating that the structural distortion is long-range in PMN-60PT and short-range polar correlations (polar nanoregions) are not present. Even though polar nanoregions are absent, the soft optic mode is short-lived for wave vectors near the zone center. Therefore PMN-60PT displays the same waterfall effect as prototypical relaxors PMN and PZN. We conclude that it is random fields resulting from the intrinsic chemical disorder which is the reason for the broad transverse optic mode observed in PMN and PMN-60PT near the zone center and not due to the formation of short-ranged polar correlations. Through our comparison of PMN, PMN-60PT, and pure PT, we interpret the dynamic and static properties of the PMN-xPT system in terms of a random field model in which the cubic anisotropy term dominates with increasing doping of PbTiO3. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. CNR, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Ceram, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. RI Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; Zhao, Xiangyong/A-1743-2013 OI Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; NR 43 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 6 AR 064107 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.064107 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 017BH UT WOS:000235668600024 ER PT J AU Titov, AI Azarov, AY Nikulina, LM Kucheyev, SO AF Titov, AI Azarov, AY Nikulina, LM Kucheyev, SO TI Mechanism for the molecular effect in Si bombarded with clusters of light atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE APPROACH; COLLISION CASCADES; SEMICONDUCTORS; IMPLANTATION; SILICON; DAMAGE; IRRADIATION; SURFACE; IONS; TEMPERATURES AB We study the molecular effect (ME) in damage buildup in Si bombarded at room temperature with 40 keV/atom N-1 4f resonance process are coupled in a singlet while the coupling is veiled in the 3d(3/2)-> 4f process due to an additional Coster-Kronig decay channel. The identical singlet coupling is observed in the 4d -> 4f resonance process. Based on the Ce measurements, it is argued that spin-resolved resonant photoemission is one approach to study the correlation effects, particularly in the form of spin, in the rare earths. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Yu, SW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM YU21@LLNL.GOV RI Chung, Brandon/G-2929-2012; Tobin, James/O-6953-2015 NR 59 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 7 AR 075116 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.075116 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 017BK UT WOS:000235668900043 ER PT J AU Zhu, JX Nussinov, Z Balatsky, AV AF Zhu, JX Nussinov, Z Balatsky, AV TI Vibration-mode-induced Shapiro steps and back action in Josephson junctions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; PIEZO OSCILLATORS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SINGLE-MOLECULE; SPECTROSCOPY; CONDUCTANCE; SUPERCONDUCTORS; TRANSISTOR AB A model of a superconducting tunnel junction coupled to a mechanical oscillator is studied at zero temperature in the case of linear coupling between the oscillator and tunneling electrons. It is found that the Josephson current flowing between two superconductors is modulated by the motion of the oscillator. Coupling to harmonic oscillator produces additional Shapiro steps in I-V characteristic of Josephson junction whose position is given by the frequency of the vibration mode. We also find a new velocity-dependent term originating from the back action of the ac Josephson current. This term is periodic in time and vanishes at zero bias voltage. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Zhu, JX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Zhu, Jianxin/0000-0001-7991-3918 NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 6 AR 064513 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.064513 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 017BH UT WOS:000235668600080 ER PT J AU Bastin, JE Herzberg, RD Butler, PA Jones, GD Page, RD Jenkins, DG Amzal, N Brew, PMT Hammond, NJ Humphreys, RD Ikin, PJC Page, T Greenlees, PT Jones, PM Julin, R Juutinen, S Kankaanpaa, H Keenan, A Kettunen, H Kuusiniemi, P Leino, M Leppanen, AP Muikku, M Nieminen, P Rahkila, P Scholey, C Uusitalo, J Bouchez, E Chatillon, A Hurstel, A Korten, W Le Coz, Y Theisen, C Ackermann, D Gerl, J Helariutta, K Hessberger, FP Schlegel, C Wollerscheim, HJ Lach, M Maj, A Meczynski, W Styczen, J Khoo, TL Lister, CJ Afanasjev, AV Maier, HJ Reiter, P Bednarczyc, P Eskola, K Hauschild, K AF Bastin, JE Herzberg, RD Butler, PA Jones, GD Page, RD Jenkins, DG Amzal, N Brew, PMT Hammond, NJ Humphreys, RD Ikin, PJC Page, T Greenlees, PT Jones, PM Julin, R Juutinen, S Kankaanpaa, H Keenan, A Kettunen, H Kuusiniemi, P Leino, M Leppanen, AP Muikku, M Nieminen, P Rahkila, P Scholey, C Uusitalo, J Bouchez, E Chatillon, A Hurstel, A Korten, W Le Coz, Y Theisen, C Ackermann, D Gerl, J Helariutta, K Hessberger, FP Schlegel, C Wollerscheim, HJ Lach, M Maj, A Meczynski, W Styczen, J Khoo, TL Lister, CJ Afanasjev, AV Maier, HJ Reiter, P Bednarczyc, P Eskola, K Hauschild, K TI In-beam gamma ray and conversion electron study of Fm-250 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID FILLED RECOIL SEPARATOR; EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI; SUPERHEAVY ELEMENTS; SUPERDEFORMED BANDS; HEAVIEST NUCLEI; 190 REGION; SPECTROSCOPY; STABILITY; HEAVY; FISSION AB We report on a set of in-beam studies of excited states in Fm-250. We detected prompt gamma rays by using the JUROSPHERE IV array and conversion electrons by using the SACRED spectrometer. Both devices were used in conjunction with the RITU gas-filled recoil separator located at the University of Jyvaskyla. Fm-250 nuclei were produced through the Hg-204(Ca-48,2n)Fm-250 fusion-evaporation reaction. An experimental excitation function gave a maximum reaction cross section of (980 +/- 160) nb at an energy of 209 MeV in the center of the target. Tagging techniques were employed, and a number of E2 transitions were observed that connected the ground-state band levels from spin 4(+) up to 18(+). The highly converted 4(+)-> 2(+) transition is observed only by use of conversion electron spectroscopy. The observed ground-state band transitions indicate a rotational structure. We deduce a quadrupole deformation parameter of beta(2)=0.28 +/- 0.02. A low-energy background of apparent nuclear origin is observed in conversion electrons and postulated to arise from the decay of high-K bands. The half-life of Fm-250 is measured to be 30.4 +/- 1.5 min. C1 Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, FIN-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, SPhN, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Latvian State Univ, Inst Solid State Phys, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia. Univ Munich, D-80539 Munich, Germany. Univ Cologne, Inst Kernphys, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. Inst Rech Subatom, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. CNRS, CNSM Orsay, IN2P3, F-91405 Orsay, France. Radiat & Nucl Safety Author, FIN-00881 Helsinki, Finland. RP Bastin, JE (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RI Gerl, Juergen/A-3255-2011; Hauschild, Karl/A-6726-2009; Herzberg, Rolf-Dietmar/E-1558-2011; KORTEN, Wolfram/H-3043-2013; Scholey, Catherine/G-2720-2014; THEISEN, Christophe/A-9343-2015 OI Scholey, Catherine/0000-0002-8743-6071; THEISEN, Christophe/0000-0002-8509-1022 NR 48 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 024308 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.73.024308 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 017BO UT WOS:000235669300016 ER PT J AU Caurier, E Navratil, P AF Caurier, E Navratil, P TI Proton radii of He-4,He-6,He-8 isotopes from high-precision nucleon-nucleon interactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID SHELL-MODEL; CHARGE RADIUS; ENERGY-LEVELS; NEUTRON; HELIUM; HE-6 AB Recently, precision laser spectroscopy on He-6 atoms determined accurately the isotope shift between He-4 and He-6 and, consequently, the charge radius of He-6. A similar experiment for He-8 is under way. We have performed large-scale ab initio calculations for He-4,He-6,He-8 isotopes using high-precision nucleon-nucleon (NN) interactions within the no-core shell model (NCSM) approach. With the CD-Bonn 2000 NN potential we found point-proton root-mean-square (rms) radii of He-4 and He-6 1.45(1) fm and 1.89(4), respectively, in agreement with experiment and predict the He-8 point-proton rms radius to be 1.88(6) fm. At the same time, our calculations show that the recently developed nonlocal INOY NN potential gives binding energies closer to experiment, but underestimates the charge radii. C1 Univ Strasbourg, CNRS, IN2P3, Inst Rech Subatom, F-67037 Strasbourg 2, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Univ Strasbourg, CNRS, IN2P3, Inst Rech Subatom, Batiment 27-1, F-67037 Strasbourg 2, France. EM etienne.caurier@ires.in2p3.fr; navratil1@llnl.gov NR 30 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 021302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.73.021302 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 017BO UT WOS:000235669300002 ER PT J AU Chakrawarthy, RS Walker, PM Ressler, JJ Zganjar, EF Ball, GC Smith, MB Andreyev, AN Ashley, SF Austin, RAE Bandyopadhyay, D Becker, JA Carroll, JJ Cross, DS Gohlke, D Daoud, JJ Garrett, PE Grinyer, GF Hackman, G Jones, GA Kanungo, R Kulp, WD Litvinov, Y Morton, AC Mills, WJ Pearson, CJ Propri, R Svensson, CE Wheeler, R Williams, SJ AF Chakrawarthy, RS Walker, PM Ressler, JJ Zganjar, EF Ball, GC Smith, MB Andreyev, AN Ashley, SF Austin, RAE Bandyopadhyay, D Becker, JA Carroll, JJ Cross, DS Gohlke, D Daoud, JJ Garrett, PE Grinyer, GF Hackman, G Jones, GA Kanungo, R Kulp, WD Litvinov, Y Morton, AC Mills, WJ Pearson, CJ Propri, R Svensson, CE Wheeler, R Williams, SJ TI K-pi=0(+) 2.29 s isomer in neutron-rich Tm-174 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RAY TRANSITIONS; ODD-ODD NUCLEI; SHELL STRUCTURE; ATOMIC-NUCLEI; STATES; DECAY AB Gamma-ray and conversion-electron spectroscopy have established the existence of a 2.29(1) s, K-pi=0(+), isomeric state in neutron-rich Tm-174. The isomer deexcites via 100- and 152-keV electromagnetic transitions. First results from a newly commissioned Si(Li) detector array have established their M1 and E3 multipolarities, respectively. The single-particle configurations of the excited states suggest that the E3 transition originates from a pi h(11/2)(-1)->pi d(3/2) configuration change, whereas the M1 transition occurs between members of a Gallaghar-Moszkowski doublet. From the measured half-life, the deduced B(E3) value of 0.024(2) W.u. is highly hindered. The reported measurements resolve ambiguities in the previously proposed beta decay scheme of Er-174 to Tm-174. C1 TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. St Marys Univ, Dept Astron & Phys, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Youngstown State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Youngstown, OH 44555 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. GSI, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Chakrawarthy, RS (reprint author), TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. EM rsc1@triumf.ca RI Ressler, Jennifer Jo/F-2279-2010; Morton, Colin/K-1561-2015 OI Morton, Colin/0000-0003-0214-7551 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 024306 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.024306 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 017BO UT WOS:000235669300014 ER PT J AU Chiara, CJ Sarantites, DG Montero, M O'Brien, J Reviol, W Pechenaya, OL Clark, RM Fallon, P Gorgen, A Macchiavelli, AO Ward, D Shimizu, YR Satula, W AF Chiara, CJ Sarantites, DG Montero, M O'Brien, J Reviol, W Pechenaya, OL Clark, RM Fallon, P Gorgen, A Macchiavelli, AO Ward, D Shimizu, YR Satula, W TI Decay-out properties of a linked superdeformed band in Zr-84 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID QUADRUPOLE-MOMENT MEASUREMENT; MASS REGION; GAMMASPHERE; NUCLEI AB Three discrete transitions were observed between the yrast superdeformed (SD) band and states of normal deformation (ND) in the nucleus Zr-84. This is the first observation of such linking transitions in the mass-80 SD region. The properties of the decay out of the SD well in Zr-84 are compared with those in other SD mass regions. Calculations suggest that there is extensive mixing of configurations in the SD and ND potential minima, leading to an abrupt and highly fragmented decay-out process. A study of least-action tunneling paths indicates that the potential barrier separating the SD and ND wells is very small. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Nucl Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Kyushu Univ, Dept Phys, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. Warsaw Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. RP Chiara, CJ (reprint author), CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, SPhN, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 021301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.73.021301 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 017BO UT WOS:000235669300001 ER PT J AU Cowell, S AF Cowell, S TI Scaling factor inconsistencies in neutrinoless double beta decay SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID RANDOM-PHASE-APPROXIMATION; MATRIX-ELEMENTS; PROTON-NEUTRON; GE-76 AB The modern theory of neutrinoless double beta decay includes a scaling factor that has often been treated inconsistently in the literature. The nuclear contribution to the decay half-life can be suppressed by 15%-20% when scaling factors are mismatched. Correspondingly, < m(nu)> is overestimated. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cowell, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 028501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.73.028501 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 017BO UT WOS:000235669300066 ER PT J AU Cowell, S Pandharipande, VR AF Cowell, S Pandharipande, VR TI Weak interactions in hot nucleon matter SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON MATTER; RATES AB The reaction rates for electron capture, neutrino absorption, and neutrino scattering in hot asymmetric nuclear matter are calculated with two-body effective interactions and one-body effective weak operators obtained from realistic models of nuclear forces by use of correlated basis theory. The infinite system is modeled in a box with periodic boundary conditions, and the one-quasiparticle quasi-hole response functions are calculated with a large microcanonical sample and the Tamm-Dancoff approximation. Results for matter at a temperature of 10 MeV, proton fraction 0.4, and densities rho=((1)/(2), 1, (3)/(2))rho(0), where rho(0) is the equilibrium density of symmetric nuclear matter, are presented to illustrate the method. In general, the strength of the response is shifted to higher-energy transfers when compared with that of a noninteracting Fermi gas. The shift in the response and the weakness of effective operators as compared with the bare operators significantly reduce the cross sections for electron capture and neutrino scattering by factors of similar to 2.5-3.5. In contrast, the symmetry energy enhances the neutrino absorption reaction rate relative to the Fermi gas. However, this reaction rate is still quite small because of Pauli blocking. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Cowell, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 025801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.73.025801 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 017BO UT WOS:000235669300056 ER PT J AU Egiyan, H Aznauryan, IG Burkert, VD Griffioen, KA Joo, K Minehart, R Smith, LC Adams, G Ambrozewicz, P Anciant, E Anghinolfi, M Asavapibhop, B Audit, G Auger, T Avakian, H Bagdasaryan, H Ball, JP Baltzel, N Barrow, S Battaglieri, M Beard, K Bektasoglu, M Bellis, M Benmouna, N Bianchi, N Biselli, AS Boiarinov, S Bonner, BE Bouchigny, S Bradford, R Branford, D Briscoe, WJ Brooks, WK Butuceanu, C Calarco, JR Careccia, SL Carman, DS Carnahan, B Cetina, C Chen, S Cole, PL Coleman, A Cords, D Corvisiero, P Crabb, D Crannell, H Cummings, JP DeSanctis, E DeVita, R Degtyarenko, PV Denizli, H Dennis, L Dharmawardane, KV Djalali, C Dodge, GE Donnely, J Doughty, D Dragovitsch, P Dugger, M Dytman, S Dzyubak, OP Eckhause, M Egiyan, KS Elouadrhiri, L Empl, A Eugenio, P Fatemi, R Fedotov, G Feldman, G Feuerbach, RJ Forest, TA Funsten, H Gaff, SJ Gai, M Gavalian, G Gilad, S Gilfoyle, GP Giovanetti, KL Girard, P Goetz, GT Gordon, CIO Gothe, R Guidal, M Guillo, M Guler, N Guo, L Gyurjyan, V Hadjidakis, C Hakobyan, RS Hardie, J Heddle, D Hersman, FW Hicks, K Hicks, RS Hleiqawi, I Holtrop, M Hu, J Hyde-Wright, CE Ilieva, Y Ireland, DG Ishkhanov, B Ito, MM Jenkins, D Juengst, HG Kelley, JH Kellie, JD Khandaker, M Kim, DH Kim, KY Kim, K Kim, MS Kim, W Klein, A Klein, FJ Klimenko, AV Klusman, M Kossov, M Kramer, LH Kuang, Y Kubarovsky, V Kuhn, SE Kuhn, J Lachniet, J Laget, JM Langheinrich, J Lawrence, D Li, J Livingston, K Longhi, A Lukashin, K Manak, JJ Marchand, C McAleer, S McKinnon, B McNabb, JWC Mecking, BA Mehrabyan, S Melone, JJ Mestayer, MD Meyer, CA Mikhailov, K Mirazita, M Miskimen, R Mokeev, V Morand, L Morrow, SA Muccifora, V Mueller, J Murphy, LY Mutchler, GS Napolitano, J Nasseripour, R Nelson, SO Niccolai, S Niculescu, G Niculescu, I Niczyporuk, BB Niyazov, RA Nozar, M O'Rielly, GV Osipenko, M Park, K Pasyuk, E Peterson, G Philips, SA Pivnyuk, N Pocanic, D Pogorelko, O Polli, E Pozdniakov, S Preedom, BM Price, JW Prok, Y Protopopescu, D Qin, LM Raue, BA Riccardi, G Ricco, G Ripani, M Ritchie, BG Ronchetti, F Rosner, G Rossi, P Rowntree, D Rubin, PD Sabatie, F Sabourov, K Salgado, C Santoro, JP Sapunenko, V Sargsyan, M Schumacher, RA Serov, VS Shafi, A Sharabian, YG Shaw, J Simionatto, S Skabelin, AV Smith, ES Sober, DI Spraker, M Stavinsky, A Stepanyan, S Stoler, P Strakovsky, II Strauch, S Taiuti, M Taylor, S Tedeschi, DJ Thoma, U Thompson, R Tkabladze, A Todor, L Tur, C Ungaro, M Vineyard, MF Vlassov, AV Wang, K Weinstein, LB Weller, H Weygand, DP Whisnant, CS Wolin, E Wood, MH Yegneswaran, A Yun, J Zhang, J Zhao, J Zhou, Z AF Egiyan, H Aznauryan, IG Burkert, VD Griffioen, KA Joo, K Minehart, R Smith, LC Adams, G Ambrozewicz, P Anciant, E Anghinolfi, M Asavapibhop, B Audit, G Auger, T Avakian, H Bagdasaryan, H Ball, JP Baltzel, N Barrow, S Battaglieri, M Beard, K Bektasoglu, M Bellis, M Benmouna, N Bianchi, N Biselli, AS Boiarinov, S Bonner, BE Bouchigny, S Bradford, R Branford, D Briscoe, WJ Brooks, WK Butuceanu, C Calarco, JR Careccia, SL Carman, DS Carnahan, B Cetina, C Chen, S Cole, PL Coleman, A Cords, D Corvisiero, P Crabb, D Crannell, H Cummings, JP DeSanctis, E DeVita, R Degtyarenko, PV Denizli, H Dennis, L Dharmawardane, KV Djalali, C Dodge, GE Donnely, J Doughty, D Dragovitsch, P Dugger, M Dytman, S Dzyubak, OP Eckhause, M Egiyan, KS Elouadrhiri, L Empl, A Eugenio, P Fatemi, R Fedotov, G Feldman, G Feuerbach, RJ Forest, TA Funsten, H Gaff, SJ Gai, M Gavalian, G Gilad, S Gilfoyle, GP Giovanetti, KL Girard, P Goetz, GT Gordon, CIO Gothe, R Guidal, M Guillo, M Guler, N Guo, L Gyurjyan, V Hadjidakis, C Hakobyan, RS Hardie, J Heddle, D Hersman, FW Hicks, K Hicks, RS Hleiqawi, I Holtrop, M Hu, J Hyde-Wright, CE Ilieva, Y Ireland, DG Ishkhanov, B Ito, MM Jenkins, D Juengst, HG Kelley, JH Kellie, JD Khandaker, M Kim, DH Kim, KY Kim, K Kim, MS Kim, W Klein, A Klein, FJ Klimenko, AV Klusman, M Kossov, M Kramer, LH Kuang, Y Kubarovsky, V Kuhn, SE Kuhn, J Lachniet, J Laget, JM Langheinrich, J Lawrence, D Li, J Livingston, K Longhi, A Lukashin, K Manak, JJ Marchand, C McAleer, S McKinnon, B McNabb, JWC Mecking, BA Mehrabyan, S Melone, JJ Mestayer, MD Meyer, CA Mikhailov, K Mirazita, M Miskimen, R Mokeev, V Morand, L Morrow, SA Muccifora, V Mueller, J Murphy, LY Mutchler, GS Napolitano, J Nasseripour, R Nelson, SO Niccolai, S Niculescu, G Niculescu, I Niczyporuk, BB Niyazov, RA Nozar, M O'Rielly, GV Osipenko, M Park, K Pasyuk, E Peterson, G Philips, SA Pivnyuk, N Pocanic, D Pogorelko, O Polli, E Pozdniakov, S Preedom, BM Price, JW Prok, Y Protopopescu, D Qin, LM Raue, BA Riccardi, G Ricco, G Ripani, M Ritchie, BG Ronchetti, F Rosner, G Rossi, P Rowntree, D Rubin, PD Sabatie, F Sabourov, K Salgado, C Santoro, JP Sapunenko, V Sargsyan, M Schumacher, RA Serov, VS Shafi, A Sharabian, YG Shaw, J Simionatto, S Skabelin, AV Smith, ES Sober, DI Spraker, M Stavinsky, A Stepanyan, S Stoler, P Strakovsky, II Strauch, S Taiuti, M Taylor, S Tedeschi, DJ Thoma, U Thompson, R Tkabladze, A Todor, L Tur, C Ungaro, M Vineyard, MF Vlassov, AV Wang, K Weinstein, LB Weller, H Weygand, DP Whisnant, CS Wolin, E Wood, MH Yegneswaran, A Yun, J Zhang, J Zhao, J Zhou, Z CA CLAS Collaboration TI Single pi(+) electroproduction on the proton in the first and second resonance regions at 0.25 GeV2 < Q(2) < 0.65 GeV2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID CLAS; NUCLEON; MODEL; PI; SCATTERING; MESONS; SYSTEM; Q2 AB The ep -> e(')pi(+)n reaction was studied in the first and second nucleon resonance regions in the 0.25 GeV2< Q(2)< 0.65 GeV2 range by use of the CLAS detector at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. For the first time, to our knowledge, the absolute cross sections were measured, covering nearly the full angular range in the hadronic center-of-mass frame. We extracted the structure functions sigma(TL),sigma(TT), and the linear combination sigma(T)+epsilon sigma(L) by fitting the phi dependence of the measured cross sections and compared them with the MAID and Sato-Lee models. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. CEA Saclay, Serv Phys Nucl, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Inst Phys Nucl, F-91406 Orsay, France. Univ Bonn, Inst Strahlen & Kernphys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, RU-117259 Moscow, Russia. James Madison Univ, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skabeltsin Nucl Phys Inst, RU-119899 Moscow, Russia. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Roma 3, I-00146 Rome, Italy. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Texas, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Union Coll, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Egiyan, H (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RI Ireland, David/E-8618-2010; Bektasoglu, Mehmet/A-2074-2012; Protopopescu, Dan/D-5645-2012; Zhang, Jixie/A-1461-2016; riccardi, gabriele/A-9269-2012; Ishkhanov, Boris/E-1431-2012; Brooks, William/C-8636-2013; Schumacher, Reinhard/K-6455-2013; Auger, Thierry/L-1073-2013; Meyer, Curtis/L-3488-2014; Sabatie, Franck/K-9066-2015; Osipenko, Mikhail/N-8292-2015 OI Sapunenko, Vladimir/0000-0003-1877-9043; Ireland, David/0000-0001-7713-7011; Brooks, William/0000-0001-6161-3570; Schumacher, Reinhard/0000-0002-3860-1827; Meyer, Curtis/0000-0001-7599-3973; Sabatie, Franck/0000-0001-7031-3975; Osipenko, Mikhail/0000-0001-9618-3013 NR 30 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 025204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.73.025204 PG 32 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 017BO UT WOS:000235669300048 ER PT J AU Heilbronn, L Iwata, Y Iwase, H Murakami, T Sato, H Nakamura, T Ronningen, RM Ieki, K Gudowska, I Sobolevsky, N AF Heilbronn, L Iwata, Y Iwase, H Murakami, T Sato, H Nakamura, T Ronningen, RM Ieki, K Gudowska, I Sobolevsky, N TI Secondary neutron-production cross sections from heavy-ion interactions in composite targets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO CODE; NEON IONS; TRANSPORT CODE; ENERGY-RANGE; BREAK-UP; PARTICLE; CARBON; MEV/NUCLEON; COLLISIONS; ALUMINUM AB Secondary neutron-production cross sections have been measured from interactions of 290 MeV/nucleon C and 600 MeV/nucleon Ne in a target composed of simulated Martian regolith and polyethylene, and from 400 MeV/nucleon Ne interactions in wall material from the International Space Station. The data were measured between 5 degrees and 80 degrees in the laboratory. We report the double-differential cross sections, angular distributions, and total neutron-production cross sections from all three systems. The spectra from all three systems exhibit behavior previously reported in other heavy-ion neutron-production experiments, namely, a peak at forward angles near the energy corresponding to the beam velocity, with the remaining spectra generated by pre-equilibrium and equilibrium processes. The double-differential cross sections are fitted with a moving-source parametrization. Also reported are the data without corrections for neutron flux attenuation in the target and other intervening materials and for neutron production in nontarget materials near the target position. These uncorrected spectra are compared with SHIELD-HIT and PHITS transport model calculations. The transport model calculations reproduce the spectral shapes well but, on average, underestimate the magnitudes of the cross sections. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Dept Accelerator Phys & Engn, Inage Ku, Chiba 2638555, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Ctr Cyclotron & Radioisotope, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Michigan State Univ, Natl Supercond Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1718501, Japan. Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Radiat Phys, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden. Stockholm Univ, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Dept Neutron Res, RU-117312 Moscow, Russia. RP Heilbronn, L (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MS 74-197, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM LHHeilbronn@LBL.gov RI Heilbronn, Lawrence/J-6998-2013 OI Heilbronn, Lawrence/0000-0002-8226-1057 NR 53 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 024603 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.73.024603 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 017BO UT WOS:000235669300030 ER PT J AU Herwig, F Austin, SM Lattanzio, JC AF Herwig, F Austin, SM Lattanzio, JC TI Nuclear reaction rate uncertainties and astrophysical modeling: Carbon yields from low-mass giants SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID 3RD DREDGE-UP; METAL-POOR STARS; BRANCH EVOLUTION; STELLAR EVOLUTION; LOW-METALLICITY; AGB STARS; S-FACTOR; STATE; C-12; N-14(P,GAMMA)O-15 AB Calculations that demonstrate the influence of three key nuclear reaction rates on the evolution of asymptotic giant branch stars have been carried out. We study the case of a star with an initial mass of 2 M and a metallicity of Z=0.01, somewhat less than the solar metallicity. The dredge-up of nuclear processed material from the interior of the star and the yield predictions for carbon are sensitive to the rate of the N-14(p,gamma)O-15 and triple-alpha reactions. These reactions dominate the H- and He-burning shells of stars in this late evolutionary phase. Published uncertainty estimates for each of these two rates propagated through stellar evolution calculations cause uncertainties in carbon enrichment and yield predictions of about a factor of 2. The other important He-burning reaction, C-12(alpha,gamma)O-16, although associated with the largest uncertainty in our study, does not have a significant influence on the abundance evolution compared with other modeling uncertainties. This finding remains valid when the entire evolution from the main sequence to the tip of the asymptotic giant branch is considered. We discuss the experimental sources of the rate uncertainties addressed here and give some outlooks for future work. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, T Div, Theoret Astrophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Joint Inst Nucl Astrophys, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Monash Univ, Sch Math Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RP Herwig, F (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, T Div, Theoret Astrophys Grp, MS B227, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM fherwig@lanl.gov; austin@nscl.msu.edu; John.Lattanzio@sci.monash.edu NR 54 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 025802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.73.025802 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 017BO UT WOS:000235669300057 ER PT J AU Misicu, S AF Misicu, S TI Interplay of compressional and vortical nuclear currents in overtones of the isoscalar giant dipole resonance SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID FINITE FERMI SYSTEMS; COLLECTIVE EXCITATIONS; SPHERICAL NUCLEI; FLUID-DYNAMICS; SUM-RULES; MODES; APPROXIMATION; SCATTERING; PB-208; ALPHA AB Within a semiclassical nuclear Fermi-fluid dynamic approach, the properties of the isoscalar giant dipole resonance (ISGDR) and the structure of various electromagnetic characteristics associated with the most important states building this resonance are investigated. The apparent puzzling outcome of microscopic predictions that the ISGDR distribution is split into two main broad structures is confirmed within the presented macroscopic approach by the occurrence of a "low-lying" and a "high-lying" state, as the first two overtones of the same resonance. Macroscopicaly, they are pictured as a combination of compressional and vortical nuclear flows. The second part of the paper analyzes the electromagnetic structure of the ISGDR relevant to reactions with inelasticly scattered electrons and the relation between the vorticity and the toroidal dipole moment. The relative strengths of the compressional and vortical collective currents are evaluated by means of electron-scattering sum rules. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Misicu, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM misicu@theor1.theory.nipne.ro RI Misicu, Serban/B-6860-2011 NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 024301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.73.024301 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 017BO UT WOS:000235669300009 ER PT J AU Plaster, B Semenov, AY Aghalaryan, A Crouse, E MacLachlan, G Tajima, S Tireman, W Ahmidouch, A Anderson, BD Arenhovel, H Asaturyan, R Baker, OK Baldwin, AR Barkhuff, D Breuer, H Carlini, R Christy, E Churchwell, S Cole, L Danagoulian, S Day, D Eden, T Elaasar, M Ent, R Farkhondeh, M Fenker, H Finn, JM Gan, L Gasparian, A Garrow, K Gueye, P Howell, CR Hu, B Jones, MK Kelly, JJ Keppel, C Khandaker, M Kim, WY Kowalski, S Lung, A Mack, D Madey, R Manley, DM Markowitz, P Mitchell, J Mkrtchyan, H Opper, AK Perdrisat, C Punjabi, V Raue, B Reichelt, T Reinhold, J Roche, J Sato, Y Savvinov, N Semenova, IA Seo, W Simicevic, N Smith, G Stepanyan, S Tadevosyan, V Tang, L Taylor, S Ulmer, PE Vulcan, W Watson, JW Wells, S Wesselmann, F Wood, S Yan, C Yan, C Yang, S Yuan, L Zhang, WM Zhu, H Zhu, X AF Plaster, B Semenov, AY Aghalaryan, A Crouse, E MacLachlan, G Tajima, S Tireman, W Ahmidouch, A Anderson, BD Arenhovel, H Asaturyan, R Baker, OK Baldwin, AR Barkhuff, D Breuer, H Carlini, R Christy, E Churchwell, S Cole, L Danagoulian, S Day, D Eden, T Elaasar, M Ent, R Farkhondeh, M Fenker, H Finn, JM Gan, L Gasparian, A Garrow, K Gueye, P Howell, CR Hu, B Jones, MK Kelly, JJ Keppel, C Khandaker, M Kim, WY Kowalski, S Lung, A Mack, D Madey, R Manley, DM Markowitz, P Mitchell, J Mkrtchyan, H Opper, AK Perdrisat, C Punjabi, V Raue, B Reichelt, T Reinhold, J Roche, J Sato, Y Savvinov, N Semenova, IA Seo, W Simicevic, N Smith, G Stepanyan, S Tadevosyan, V Tang, L Taylor, S Ulmer, PE Vulcan, W Watson, JW Wells, S Wesselmann, F Wood, S Yan, C Yan, C Yang, S Yuan, L Zhang, WM Zhu, H Zhu, X CA Jefferson Lab E93-038 Collaborat TI Measurements of the neutron electric to magnetic form factor ratio G(En)/G(Mn) via the H-2((e)over-right-arrow,e' (n)over-right-arrow)H-1 reaction to Q(2)=1.45 (GeV/c)(2) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Review ID QUASI-ELASTIC SCATTERING; EXCLUSIVE DEUTERON ELECTRODISINTEGRATION; CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; CONSTITUENT-QUARK-MODEL; MEDIUM-ENERGY NEUTRONS; POLARIZED ELECTRONS; MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; CROSS-SECTIONS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; CHARGE RADIUS AB We report values for the neutron electric to magnetic form factor ratio, G(En)/G(Mn), deduced from measurements of the neutron's recoil polarization in the quasielastic H-2(e ->,e(')n ->)H-1 reaction, at three Q(2) values of 0.45, 1.13, and 1.45 (GeV/c)(2). The data at Q(2)=1.13 and 1.45 (GeV/c)(2) are the first direct experimental measurements of G(En) employing polarization degrees of freedom in the Q(2)>1 (GeV/c)(2) region and stand as the most precise determinations of G(En) for all values of Q(2). C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Joint Nucl Res Inst, RI-141980 Dubna, Russia. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. TUNL, Durham, NC 27708 USA. No Michigan Univ, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. So Univ New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70126 USA. Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Univ Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. RP Plaster, B (reprint author), MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM plaster@caltech.edu; semenov@jlab.org RI Zhu, Xiaofeng/B-9493-2011; Day, Donal/C-5020-2015 OI Day, Donal/0000-0001-7126-8934 NR 150 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 025205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.73.025205 PG 36 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 017BO UT WOS:000235669300049 ER PT J AU Tantawy, MN Bingham, CR Rykaczewski, KP Batchelder, JC Krolas, W Danchev, M Fong, D Ginter, TN Gross, CJ Grzywacz, R Hagino, K Hamilton, JH Hartley, DJ Karny, M Li, K Mazzocchi, C Piechaczek, A Ramayya, AV Rykaczewski, K Shapira, D Stolz, A Winger, JA Yu, CH Zganjar, EF AF Tantawy, MN Bingham, CR Rykaczewski, KP Batchelder, JC Krolas, W Danchev, M Fong, D Ginter, TN Gross, CJ Grzywacz, R Hagino, K Hamilton, JH Hartley, DJ Karny, M Li, K Mazzocchi, C Piechaczek, A Ramayya, AV Rykaczewski, K Shapira, D Stolz, A Winger, JA Yu, CH Zganjar, EF TI Systematics of isomeric configurations in N=77 odd-Z isotones near the proton drip line SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-DEFICIENT NUCLEI; EMITTERS TM-145,TM-146,TM-147; DECAY PROPERTIES; RADIOACTIVITY; SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION; TM-146; SUBSHELL; HO-148; STATES AB The systematics of the pi h(11/2)circle times nu h(11/2) and pi h(11/2)circle times nu s(1/2) isomeric configurations was studied for the odd-Z N=77 isotones near the proton drip line. The isomeric decays in Eu-140, Tb-142, Ho-144, and Tm-146 were measured by means of x-ray, gamma-ray, and charged particle spectroscopy at the Recoil Mass Spectrometer at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (ORNL). The spin and parity of I-pi=8(+) and 5(-) were deduced for the isomers in Eu-140 and Tb-142. New decay schemes were established, and the half-lives of the 8(+) isomers were measured to be 302(4) ns for Eu-140m2 and 25(1) mu s for Tb-142m2. No evidence for the expected 1(+) ground-state was found in the Ho-144 decay data. The proton-emission from Tm-146 was restudied. Five proton transitions were assigned to two proton-emitting states. The half-lives of 198(3) ms and 68(3) ms and the spin and parity values of I-pi=10(+) and 5(-) were established for Tm-146m and Tm-146gs, respectively. For the first time for an odd-odd nucleus, the interpretation of the observed decay properties and structure of the proton-emitting states was made by accounting for deformation and proton and neutron coupling to the core excitations. A complex wave-function structure was obtained, with dominating components of pi h(11/2)circle times nu h(11/2) for the 10(+) isomer and pi h(11/2)circle times nu s(1/2) for the 5(-) ground state. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. UNIRIB, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Tantawy, MN (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Krolas, Wojciech/N-9391-2013 NR 41 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 024316 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.73.024316 PG 17 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 017BO UT WOS:000235669300024 ER PT J AU Tvaskis, V Arrington, J Christy, ME Ent, R Keppel, CE Liang, Y Vittorini, G AF Tvaskis, V Arrington, J Christy, ME Ent, R Keppel, CE Liang, Y Vittorini, G TI Experimental constraints on nonlinearities induced by two-photon effects in elastic and inelastic Rosenbluth separations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-PROTON SCATTERING; FORM-FACTORS; L/SIGMA-T; TRANSFERS AB The effects of two-photon exchange corrections, suggested to explain the difference between measurements of the proton elastic electromagnetic form factors using the polarization transfer and Rosenbluth techniques, have been studied in elastic and inelastic scattering data. Such corrections could introduce epsilon-dependent nonlinearities in inelastic Rosenbluth separations, where epsilon is the virtual photon polarization parameter. It is concluded that such nonlinear effects are consistent with zero for elastic, resonance, and deep-inelastic scattering for all Q(2) and W-2 values measured. C1 Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23602 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. American Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. Eckerd Coll, St Petersburg, FL 33711 USA. RP Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RI Arrington, John/D-1116-2012 OI Arrington, John/0000-0002-0702-1328 NR 32 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 025206 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.73.025206 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 017BO UT WOS:000235669300050 ER PT J AU Winter, WT Freedman, SJ Rehm, KE Schiffer, JP AF Winter, WT Freedman, SJ Rehm, KE Schiffer, JP TI The B-8 neutrino spectrum SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ALPHA ANGULAR-CORRELATIONS; ALLOWED BETA-DECAY; 2ND-CLASS CURRENTS; RADIATIVE DECAYS; LIGHT-NUCLEI; MEV STATES; LI-8; DETECTOR; MASS-8; SHELL AB Knowledge of the energy spectrum of B-8 neutrinos is important for interpreting experiments that detect energetic neutrinos from the Sun. The neutrino spectrum deviates from the allowed beta-decay approximation because of the broad alpha-unstable Be-8 final state and recoil order corrections. We have measured the total energy of the alpha particles emitted following the beta decay of B-8. The measured alpha spectrum is inconsistent with a recent measurement of comparable precision. The alpha spectrum is fit using the R-matrix approach, which gives a functional form for the beta-decay strength function for the transition from B-8 to the accessible excitation energies in Be-8. Both the positron and neutrino energy spectra, corrected for recoil order effects, are constructed from the strength function. The positron spectrum is in good agreement with a previous direct measurement. The neutrino spectrum disagrees with previous experiments. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Winter, WT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 40 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 025503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.73.025503 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 017BO UT WOS:000235669300054 ER PT J AU Abulencia, A Acosta, D Adelman, J Affolder, T Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Anikeev, K Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Arguin, JF Arisawa, T Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Azzurri, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Bartsch, V Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Belloni, A Ben-Haim, E Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Beringer, J Berry, T Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Boisvert, V Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Bourov, S Boveia, A Brau, B Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Budd, S Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canelli, F Canepa, A Carlsmith, D Carosi, R Carron, S Casarsa, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cavalli-Sforza, M Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chang, SH Chapman, J Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, I Cho, K Chokheli, D Chou, JP Chu, PH Chuang, SH Chung, K Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciljak, M Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, A Clark, D Coca, M Connolly, A Convery, ME Conway, J Cooper, B Copic, K Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Cruz, A Cuevas, J Culbertson, R Currat, C Cyr, D DaRonco, S D'Auria, S D'onofrio, M Dagenhart, D de Barbaro, P Cecco, SD Deisher, A Lentdecker, GD Dell'Orso, M Demers, S Demortier, L Deng, J Deninno, M Pedis, DD Derwent, PF Dionisi, C Dittmann, J DiTuro, P Dorr, C Dominguez, A Donati, S Donega, M Dong, P Donini, J Dorigo, T Dube, S Ebina, K Efron, J Ehlers, J Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, I Fedorko, WT Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Field, R Flanagan, G Flores-Castillo, LR Foland, A Forrester, S Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, JC Fujii, Y Furic, I Gajjar, A Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garcia, JE Sciveres, MG Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Gerberich, H Gerchtein, E Gerdes, D Giagu, S Giannetti, P Gibson, A Gibson, K Ginsburg, C Giolo, K Giordani, M Giunta, M Giurgiu, G Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, J Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gonzalez, O Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Gresele, A Griffiths, M Grinstein, S Grosso-Pilcher, C Grundler, U da Costa, JG Haber, C Hahn, SR Hahn, K Halkiadakis, E Hamilton, A Han, BY Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, M Harper, S Harr, RF Harris, RM Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Hays, C Hayward, H Heijboer, A Heinemann, B Heinrich, J Hennecke, M Herndon, M Heuser, J Hidas, D Hill, CS Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Holloway, A Hou, S Houlden, M Hsu, SC Huffman, BT Hughes, RE Huston, J Ikado, K Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ishizawa, Y Ivanov, A Iyutin, B James, E Jang, D Jayatilaka, B Jeans, D Jensen, H Jeon, EJ Jones, M Joo, KK Jun, SY Junk, TR Kamon, T Kang, J Karagoz-Unel, M Karchin, PE Kato, Y Kemp, Y Kephart, R Kerzel, U Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, MS Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Klute, M Knuteson, B Ko, BR Kobayashi, H Kondo, K Kong, DJ Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korytov, A Kotwal, AV Kovalev, A Kraus, J Kravchenko, I Kreps, M Kreymer, A Kroll, J Krumnack, N Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kuhlmann, SE Kusakabe, Y Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Lai, S Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, M Lander, RL Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lazzizzera, I Lecci, C LeCompte, T Lee, J Lee, J Lee, SW Lee, YJ Lefevre, R Leonardo, N Leone, S Levy, S Lewis, JD Li, K Lin, C Lin, CS Lindgren, M Lipeles, E Liss, TM Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, T Liu, Y Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Loverre, P Lu, RS Lucchesi, D Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lyons, L Lys, J Lysak, R Lytken, E Mack, P MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Manca, G Margaroli, F Marginean, R Marino, C Martin, A Martin, M Martin, V Martinez, M Maruyama, T Matsunaga, H Mattson, ME Mazini, R Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McGivern, D McIntyre, P McNamara, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Menzemer, S Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Messina, A von der Mey, M Miao, T Miladinovic, N Miles, J Miller, R Miller, JS Mills, C Milnik, M Miquel, R Miscetti, S Mitselmakher, G Miyamoto, A Moggi, N Mohr, B Moore, R Morello, M Fernandez, PM Mulmenstadt, J Mukherjee, A Mulhearn, M Muller, T Mumford, R Murat, P Nachtman, J Nahn, S Nakano, I Napier, A Naumov, D Necula, V Neu, C Neubauer, MS Nielsen, J Nigmanov, T Nodulman, L Norniella, O Ogawa, T Oh, SH Oh, YD Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Osterberg, K Pagliarone, C Palencia, E Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Papikonomou, A Paramonov, AA Parks, B Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, DE Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pitts, K Plager, C Pondrom, L Pope, G Portell, X Poukhov, O Pounder, N Prakoshyn, F Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Pursley, J Rademacker, J Rahaman, A Rakitin, A Rappoccio, S Ratnikov, F Reisert, B Rekovic, V van Remortel, N Renton, P Rescigno, M Richter, S Rimondi, F Rinnert, K Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rogers, E Rolli, S Roser, R Rossi, M Rossin, R Rott, C Ruiz, A Russ, J Rusu, V Ryan, D Saarikko, H Sabik, S Safonov, A Sakumoto, WK Salamanna, G Salto, O Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Santi, L Sarkar, S Sato, K Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Scheidle, T Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Schwarz, T Scodellaro, L Scott, AL Scribano, A Scuri, F Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Sexton-Kennedy, L Sfiligoi, I Shapiro, MD Shears, T Shepard, PF Sherman, D Shimojima, M Shochet, M Shon, Y Shreyber, I Sidoti, A Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Sisakyan, A Sjolin, J Skiba, A Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smirnov, D Smith, JR Snider, FD Snihur, R Soderberg, M Soha, A Somalwar, S Sorin, V Spalding, J Spinella, F Squillacioti, P Stanitzki, M Staveris-Polykalas, A Denis, RS Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Stentz, D Strologas, J Stuart, D Suh, JS Sukhanov, A Sumorok, K Sun, H Suzuki, T Taffard, A Tafirout, R Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tanaka, R Tanimoto, N Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Tipton, P Tiwari, V Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tomura, T Tonelli, D Tonnesmann, M Torre, S Torretta, D Tourneur, S Trischuk, W Tsuchiya, R Tsuno, S Turini, N Ukegawa, F Unverhau, T Uozumi, S Usynin, D Vacavant, L Vaiciulis, A Vallecorsa, S Varganov, A Vataga, E Velev, G Veramendi, G Veszpremi, V Vickey, T Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Vollrath, I Volobouev, I Wurthwein, F Wagner, P Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wallny, R Walter, T Wan, Z Wang, MJ Wang, SM Warburton, A Ward, B Waschke, S Waters, D Watts, T Weber, M Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Whiteson, D Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolfe, C Worm, S Wright, T Wu, X Wynne, SM Xie, S Yagil, A Yamamoto, K Yamaoka, J Yamashita, T Yang, C Yang, UK Yao, WM Yeh, GP Yoh, J Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, SS Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zaw, I Zetti, F Zhang, X Zhou, J Zucchelli, S AF Abulencia, A Acosta, D Adelman, J Affolder, T Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Anikeev, K Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Arguin, JF Arisawa, T Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Azzurri, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Bartsch, V Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Belloni, A Ben-Haim, E Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Beringer, J Berry, T Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Boisvert, V Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Bourov, S Boveia, A Brau, B Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Budd, S Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canelli, F Canepa, A Carlsmith, D Carosi, R Carron, S Casarsa, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cavalli-Sforza, M Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chang, SH Chapman, J Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, I Cho, K Chokheli, D Chou, JP Chu, PH Chuang, SH Chung, K Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciljak, M Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, A Clark, D Coca, M Connolly, A Convery, ME Conway, J Cooper, B Copic, K Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Cruz, A Cuevas, J Culbertson, R Currat, C Cyr, D DaRonco, S D'Auria, S D'onofrio, M Dagenhart, D de Barbaro, P Cecco, SD Deisher, A Lentdecker, GD Dell'Orso, M Demers, S Demortier, L Deng, J Deninno, M Pedis, DD Derwent, PF Dionisi, C Dittmann, J DiTuro, P Dorr, C Dominguez, A Donati, S Donega, M Dong, P Donini, J Dorigo, T Dube, S Ebina, K Efron, J Ehlers, J Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, I Fedorko, WT Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Field, R Flanagan, G Flores-Castillo, LR Foland, A Forrester, S Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, JC Fujii, Y Furic, I Gajjar, A Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garcia, JE Sciveres, MG Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Gerberich, H Gerchtein, E Gerdes, D Giagu, S Giannetti, P Gibson, A Gibson, K Ginsburg, C Giolo, K Giordani, M Giunta, M Giurgiu, G Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, J Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gonzalez, O Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Gresele, A Griffiths, M Grinstein, S Grosso-Pilcher, C Grundler, U da Costa, JG Haber, C Hahn, SR Hahn, K Halkiadakis, E Hamilton, A Han, BY Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, M Harper, S Harr, RF Harris, RM Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Hays, C Hayward, H Heijboer, A Heinemann, B Heinrich, J Hennecke, M Herndon, M Heuser, J Hidas, D Hill, CS Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Holloway, A Hou, S Houlden, M Hsu, SC Huffman, BT Hughes, RE Huston, J Ikado, K Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ishizawa, Y Ivanov, A Iyutin, B James, E Jang, D Jayatilaka, B Jeans, D Jensen, H Jeon, EJ Jones, M Joo, KK Jun, SY Junk, TR Kamon, T Kang, J Karagoz-Unel, M Karchin, PE Kato, Y Kemp, Y Kephart, R Kerzel, U Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, MS Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Klute, M Knuteson, B Ko, BR Kobayashi, H Kondo, K Kong, DJ Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korytov, A Kotwal, AV Kovalev, A Kraus, J Kravchenko, I Kreps, M Kreymer, A Kroll, J Krumnack, N Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kuhlmann, SE Kusakabe, Y Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Lai, S Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, M Lander, RL Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lazzizzera, I Lecci, C LeCompte, T Lee, J Lee, J Lee, SW Lee, YJ Lefevre, R Leonardo, N Leone, S Levy, S Lewis, JD Li, K Lin, C Lin, CS Lindgren, M Lipeles, E Liss, TM Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, T Liu, Y Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Loverre, P Lu, RS Lucchesi, D Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lyons, L Lys, J Lysak, R Lytken, E Mack, P MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Manca, G Margaroli, F Marginean, R Marino, C Martin, A Martin, M Martin, V Martinez, M Maruyama, T Matsunaga, H Mattson, ME Mazini, R Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McGivern, D McIntyre, P McNamara, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Menzemer, S Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Messina, A von der Mey, M Miao, T Miladinovic, N Miles, J Miller, R Miller, JS Mills, C Milnik, M Miquel, R Miscetti, S Mitselmakher, G Miyamoto, A Moggi, N Mohr, B Moore, R Morello, M Fernandez, PM Mulmenstadt, J Mukherjee, A Mulhearn, M Muller, T Mumford, R Murat, P Nachtman, J Nahn, S Nakano, I Napier, A Naumov, D Necula, V Neu, C Neubauer, MS Nielsen, J Nigmanov, T Nodulman, L Norniella, O Ogawa, T Oh, SH Oh, YD Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Osterberg, K Pagliarone, C Palencia, E Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Papikonomou, A Paramonov, AA Parks, B Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, DE Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pitts, K Plager, C Pondrom, L Pope, G Portell, X Poukhov, O Pounder, N Prakoshyn, F Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Pursley, J Rademacker, J Rahaman, A Rakitin, A Rappoccio, S Ratnikov, F Reisert, B Rekovic, V van Remortel, N Renton, P Rescigno, M Richter, S Rimondi, F Rinnert, K Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rogers, E Rolli, S Roser, R Rossi, M Rossin, R Rott, C Ruiz, A Russ, J Rusu, V Ryan, D Saarikko, H Sabik, S Safonov, A Sakumoto, WK Salamanna, G Salto, O Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Santi, L Sarkar, S Sato, K Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Scheidle, T Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Schwarz, T Scodellaro, L Scott, AL Scribano, A Scuri, F Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Sexton-Kennedy, L Sfiligoi, I Shapiro, MD Shears, T Shepard, PF Sherman, D Shimojima, M Shochet, M Shon, Y Shreyber, I Sidoti, A Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Sisakyan, A Sjolin, J Skiba, A Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smirnov, D Smith, JR Snider, FD Snihur, R Soderberg, M Soha, A Somalwar, S Sorin, V Spalding, J Spinella, F Squillacioti, P Stanitzki, M Staveris-Polykalas, A Denis, RS Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Stentz, D Strologas, J Stuart, D Suh, JS Sukhanov, A Sumorok, K Sun, H Suzuki, T Taffard, A Tafirout, R Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tanaka, R Tanimoto, N Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Tipton, P Tiwari, V Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tomura, T Tonelli, D Tonnesmann, M Torre, S Torretta, D Tourneur, S Trischuk, W Tsuchiya, R Tsuno, S Turini, N Ukegawa, F Unverhau, T Uozumi, S Usynin, D Vacavant, L Vaiciulis, A Vallecorsa, S Varganov, A Vataga, E Velev, G Veramendi, G Veszpremi, V Vickey, T Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Vollrath, I Volobouev, I Wurthwein, F Wagner, P Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wallny, R Walter, T Wan, Z Wang, MJ Wang, SM Warburton, A Ward, B Waschke, S Waters, D Watts, T Weber, M Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Whiteson, D Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolfe, C Worm, S Wright, T Wu, X Wynne, SM Xie, S Yagil, A Yamamoto, K Yamaoka, J Yamashita, T Yang, C Yang, UK Yao, WM Yeh, GP Yoh, J Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, SS Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zaw, I Zetti, F Zhang, X Zhou, J Zucchelli, S TI Top quark mass measurement using the template method in the lepton plus jets channel at CDF II SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC CALORIMETER; (P)OVER-BAR-P COLLISIONS; DETECTOR; UPGRADE; TEV AB This article presents a measurement of the top quark mass using the CDF II detector at Fermilab. Colliding beams of protons and antiprotons at Fermilab's Tevatron (root s=1.96 TeV) produce top/antitop pairs, which decay to W(+)W(-)b (b) over bar; events are selected where one W decays to hadrons and the other W decays to either e or mu plus a neutrino. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of approximately 318 pb(-1). A total of 165 u (u) over bar events are separated into four subsamples based on jet transverse energy thresholds and the number of b jets identified by reconstructing a displaced vertex. In each event, the reconstructed top quark invariant mass is determined by minimizing a chi(2) for the overconstrained kinematic system. At the same time, the mass of the hadronically decaying W boson is measured in the same event sample. The observed W boson mass provides an in situ improvement in the determination of the hadronic jet energy scale. A simultaneous likelihood fit of the reconstructed top quark masses and the W boson invariant masses in the data sample to distributions from simulated signal and background events gives a top quark mass of 173.5(-3.8)(+3.9) GeV/c(2). C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Cantabria, Inst Fis Cantabria, CSIC, E-39005 Santander 39005, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Helsinki, Div High Energy Phys, Dept Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova Trento, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Pisa, Siena, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; Grinstein, Sebastian/N-3988-2014; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; vilar, rocio/P-8480-2014; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Levy, Stephen/C-3493-2011; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Connolly, Amy/J-3958-2013; OI Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Margaroli, Fabrizio/0000-0002-3869-0153; Latino, Giuseppe/0000-0002-4098-3502; iori, maurizio/0000-0002-6349-0380; Grinstein, Sebastian/0000-0002-6460-8694; Lancaster, Mark/0000-0002-8872-7292; Nielsen, Jason/0000-0002-9175-4419; Chu, Pinghan/0000-0003-1372-2910; Jun, Soon Yung/0000-0003-3370-6109; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Toback, David/0000-0003-3457-4144; Hays, Chris/0000-0003-2371-9723; Farrington, Sinead/0000-0001-5350-9271; Robson, Aidan/0000-0002-1659-8284; Gallinaro, Michele/0000-0003-1261-2277; Salamanna, Giuseppe/0000-0002-0861-0052; Torre, Stefano/0000-0002-7565-0118; Turini, Nicola/0000-0002-9395-5230; Miquel, Ramon/0000-0002-6610-4836; Osterberg, Kenneth/0000-0003-4807-0414; Goldstein, Joel/0000-0003-1591-6014 NR 37 TC 109 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 3 AR 032003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.73.032003 PG 35 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 017BQ UT WOS:000235669500005 ER PT J AU Aitala, EM Amato, S Anjos, JC Appel, JA Ashery, D Banerjee, S Bediaga, I Blaylock, G Bracker, SB Burchat, PR Burnstein, RA Carter, T Carvalho, HS Copty, NK Cremaldi, LM Darling, C Denisenko, K Devmal, S Fernandez, A Fox, GF Gagnon, P Gobel, C Gounder, K Halling, AM Herrera, G Hurvits, G James, C Kasper, PA Kwan, S Langs, DC Leslie, J Lundberg, B Magnin, J Massafferri, A MayTal-Beck, S Meadows, B Neto, JRTD Mihalcea, D Milburn, RH de Miranda, JM Napier, A Nguyen, A d'Oliveira, AB O'Shaughnessy, K Peng, KC Perera, LP Purohit, MV Quinn, B Radeztsky, S Rafatian, A Reay, NW Reidy, JJ dos Reis, AC Rubin, HA Sanders, DA Santha, AKS Santoro, AFS Schwartz, AJ Sheaff, M Sidwell, RA Slaughter, AJ Sokoloff, MD Solano, J Stanton, NR Stefanski, RJ Stenson, K Summers, DJ Takach, S Thorne, K Tripathi, AK Watanabe, S Weiss-Babai, R Wiener, J Witchey, N Wolin, E Yang, SM Yi, D Yoshida, S Zaliznyak, R Zhang, C AF Aitala, EM Amato, S Anjos, JC Appel, JA Ashery, D Banerjee, S Bediaga, I Blaylock, G Bracker, SB Burchat, PR Burnstein, RA Carter, T Carvalho, HS Copty, NK Cremaldi, LM Darling, C Denisenko, K Devmal, S Fernandez, A Fox, GF Gagnon, P Gobel, C Gounder, K Halling, AM Herrera, G Hurvits, G James, C Kasper, PA Kwan, S Langs, DC Leslie, J Lundberg, B Magnin, J Massafferri, A MayTal-Beck, S Meadows, B Neto, JRTD Mihalcea, D Milburn, RH de Miranda, JM Napier, A Nguyen, A d'Oliveira, AB O'Shaughnessy, K Peng, KC Perera, LP Purohit, MV Quinn, B Radeztsky, S Rafatian, A Reay, NW Reidy, JJ dos Reis, AC Rubin, HA Sanders, DA Santha, AKS Santoro, AFS Schwartz, AJ Sheaff, M Sidwell, RA Slaughter, AJ Sokoloff, MD Solano, J Stanton, NR Stefanski, RJ Stenson, K Summers, DJ Takach, S Thorne, K Tripathi, AK Watanabe, S Weiss-Babai, R Wiener, J Witchey, N Wolin, E Yang, SM Yi, D Yoshida, S Zaliznyak, R Zhang, C TI Model-independent measurement of S-wave K-pi(+) systems using D+-> K pi pi decays from fermilab E791 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID KPI SCATTERING; DALITZ PLOTS; KAPPA; SIGMA; D+ AB A model-independent partial-wave analysis of the S-wave component of the K pi system from decays of D+ mesons to the three-body K-pi(+)pi(+) final state is described. Data come from the Fermilab E791 experiment. Amplitude measurements are made independently for ranges of K-pi(+) invariant mass, and results are obtained below 825 MeV/c(2), where previous measurements exist only in two mass bins. This method of parametrizing a three-body decay amplitude represents a new approach to analyzing such decays. Though no model is required for the S-wave, a parametrization of the relatively well-known reference P- and D-waves, optimized to describe the data used, is required. In this paper, a Breit-Wigner model is adopted to describe the resonances in these waves. The observed phase variation for the S-, P-, and D-waves do not match existing measurements of I=1/2 K-pi(+) scattering in the invariant mass range in which scattering is predominantly elastic. If the data are mostly I=1/2, this observation indicates that the Watson theorem, which requires these phases to have the same dependence on invariant mass, may not apply to these decays without allowing for some interaction with the other pion. The production rate of K-pi(+) from these decays, if assumed to be predominantly I=1/2, is also found to have a significant dependence on invariant mass in the region above 1.25 GeV/c(2). These measurements can provide a relatively model-free basis for future attempts to determine which strange scalar amplitudes contribute to the decays. C1 Univ Mississippi Oxford, University, MS 38677 USA. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Autonoma Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Univ Mississippi Oxford, University, MS 38677 USA. RI Anjos, Joao/C-8335-2013; Gobel Burlamaqui de Mello, Carla /H-4721-2016 OI Gobel Burlamaqui de Mello, Carla /0000-0003-0523-495X NR 31 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 3 AR 032004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.73.032004 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 017BQ UT WOS:000235669500006 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Couderc, F Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Grauges, E Palano, A Pappagallo, M Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Wenzel, WA Barrett, M Ford, KE Harrison, TJ Hart, AJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Fritsch, M Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schroeder, T Steinke, M Boyd, JT Burke, JP Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Khan, A Kyberd, P Saleem, M Teodorescu, L Blinov, AE Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Bondioli, M Bruinsma, M Chao, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hartfiel, BL Weinstein, AJR Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Long, O Shen, BC Wang, K Zhang, L del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Cunha, A Dahmes, B Hong, TM Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Nesom, G Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Andreassen, R Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, P Chen, S Ford, WT Hirschauer, JF Kreisel, A Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Ruddick, WO Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Zhang, J Chen, A Eckhart, EA Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zeng, Q Altenburg, D Feltresi, E Hauke, A Spaan, B Brandt, T Brose, J Dickopp, M Klose, V Lacker, HM Nogowski, R Otto, S Petzold, A Schott, G Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Grenier, P Schrenk, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Bard, DJ Clark, PJ Gradl, W Muheim, F Playfer, S Xie, Y Andreotti, M Azzolini, V Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Piemontese, L Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Vetere, ML Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Brandenburg, G Chaisanguanthum, KS Morii, M Won, E Wu, J Dubitzky, RS Langenegger, U Marks, J Schenk, S Uwer, U Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Flack, RL Gaillard, JR Morton, GW Nash, JA Nikolich, MB Taylor, GP Vazquez, WP Charles, MJ Mader, WF Mallik, U Mohapatra, AK Cochran, J Crawley, HB Eyges, V Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Rubin, AE Yi, J Arnaud, N Davier, M Giroux, X Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Diberder, FL Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Oyanguren, A Petersen, TC Pierini, M Plaszczynski, S Rodier, S Roudeau, P Schune, MH Stocchi, A Wormser, G Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Simani, MC Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Chavez, CA Forster, IJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R George, KA Hutchcroft, DE Parry, RJ Payne, DJ Schofield, KC Touramanis, C Cormack, CM Lodovico, FD Menges, W Sacco, R Brown, CL Cowan, G Flaecher, HU Green, MG Hopkins, DA Jackson, PS McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Edgar, CL Hodgkinson, MC Kelly, MP Lafferty, GD Naisbit, MT Williams, JC Chen, C Hulsbergen, WD Jawahery, A Kovalskyi, D Lae, CK Roberts, DA Simi, G Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Li, X Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Koeneke, K Sciolla, G Sekula, SJ Spitznagel, M Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Kim, H Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Lombardo, V Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote, D Taras, P Viaud, B Nicholson, H Cavallo, N Nardo, GD Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Monorchio, D Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, M Bulten, H Raven, G Snoek, HL Wilden, L Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Allmendinger, T Benelli, G Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Jackson, PD Kagan, H Kass, R Pulliam, T Rahimi, AM Ter-Antonyan, R Wong, QK Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Lu, M Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Strube, J Torrence, E Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P Buono, LD de la Vaissiere, C Hamon, O John, MJJ Leruste, P Malcles, J Ocariz, J Roos, L Therin, G Behera, PK Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Biasini, M Covarelli, R Pacetti, S Pioppi, M Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Cenci, R Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Wagoner, DE Biesiada, J Danielson, N Elmer, P Lau, YP Lu, C Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Bellini, F Cavoto, G D'Orazio, A Marco, ED Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Gioi, LL Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Polci, F Tehrani, FS Voena, C Schroder, H Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T Groot, ND Franek, B Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Wilson, FF Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF Graziani, G de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Legendre, M London, GW Mayer, B Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Wilson, JR Yumiceva, FX Abe, T Allen, MT Aston, D van Bakel, N Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Claus, R Coleman, JP Convery, MR Cristinziani, M Dingfelder, JC Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Fan, S Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Hadig, T Halyo, V Hast, C 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AM Flood, KT Graham, M Hollar, JJ Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Mellado, B Mihalyi, A Pan, Y Prepost, R Tan, P von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H AF Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Couderc, F Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Grauges, E Palano, A Pappagallo, M Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Wenzel, WA Barrett, M Ford, KE Harrison, TJ Hart, AJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Fritsch, M Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schroeder, T Steinke, M Boyd, JT Burke, JP Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Khan, A Kyberd, P Saleem, M Teodorescu, L Blinov, AE Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Bondioli, M Bruinsma, M Chao, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hartfiel, BL Weinstein, AJR Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Long, O Shen, BC Wang, K Zhang, L del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Cunha, A Dahmes, B Hong, TM Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Nesom, G Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Andreassen, R Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, P Chen, S Ford, WT Hirschauer, JF Kreisel, A Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Ruddick, WO Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Zhang, J Chen, A Eckhart, EA Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zeng, Q Altenburg, D Feltresi, E Hauke, A Spaan, B Brandt, T Brose, J Dickopp, M Klose, V Lacker, HM Nogowski, R Otto, S Petzold, A Schott, G Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Grenier, P Schrenk, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Bard, DJ Clark, PJ Gradl, W Muheim, F Playfer, S Xie, Y Andreotti, M Azzolini, V Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Piemontese, L Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Vetere, ML Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Brandenburg, G Chaisanguanthum, KS Morii, M Won, E Wu, J Dubitzky, RS Langenegger, U Marks, J Schenk, S Uwer, U Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Flack, RL Gaillard, JR Morton, GW Nash, JA Nikolich, MB Taylor, GP Vazquez, WP Charles, MJ Mader, WF Mallik, U Mohapatra, AK Cochran, J Crawley, HB Eyges, V Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Rubin, AE Yi, J Arnaud, N Davier, M Giroux, X Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Diberder, FL Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Oyanguren, A Petersen, TC Pierini, M Plaszczynski, S Rodier, S Roudeau, P Schune, MH Stocchi, A Wormser, G Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Simani, MC Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Chavez, CA Forster, IJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R George, KA Hutchcroft, DE Parry, RJ Payne, DJ Schofield, KC Touramanis, C Cormack, CM Lodovico, FD Menges, W Sacco, R Brown, CL Cowan, G Flaecher, HU Green, MG Hopkins, DA Jackson, PS McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Edgar, CL Hodgkinson, MC Kelly, MP Lafferty, GD Naisbit, MT Williams, JC Chen, C Hulsbergen, WD Jawahery, A Kovalskyi, D Lae, CK Roberts, DA Simi, G Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Li, X Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Koeneke, K Sciolla, G Sekula, SJ Spitznagel, M Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Kim, H Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Lombardo, V Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote, D Taras, P Viaud, B Nicholson, H Cavallo, N Nardo, GD Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Monorchio, D Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, M Bulten, H Raven, G Snoek, HL Wilden, L Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Allmendinger, T Benelli, G Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Jackson, PD Kagan, H Kass, R Pulliam, T Rahimi, AM Ter-Antonyan, R Wong, QK Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Lu, M Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Strube, J Torrence, E Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P Buono, LD de la Vaissiere, C Hamon, O John, MJJ Leruste, P Malcles, J Ocariz, J Roos, L Therin, G Behera, PK Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Biasini, M Covarelli, R Pacetti, S Pioppi, M Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Cenci, R Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Wagoner, DE Biesiada, J Danielson, N Elmer, P Lau, YP Lu, C Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Bellini, F Cavoto, G D'Orazio, A Marco, ED Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Gioi, LL Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Polci, F Tehrani, FS Voena, C Schroder, H Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T Groot, ND Franek, B Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Wilson, FF Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF Graziani, G de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Legendre, M London, GW Mayer, B Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Wilson, JR Yumiceva, FX Abe, T Allen, MT Aston, D van Bakel, N Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Claus, R Coleman, JP Convery, MR Cristinziani, M Dingfelder, JC Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Fan, S Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Hadig, T Halyo, V Hast, C Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Leith, DWGS Libby, J Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Snyder, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Suzuki, K Swain, S Thompson, JM Va'vra, J Weaver, M Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Yarritu, AK Yi, K Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Majewski, SA Petersen, BA Roat, C Ahmed, M Ahmed, S Alam, MS Ernst, JA Saeed, MA Wappler, FR Zain, SB Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Ritchie, JL Satpathy, A Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Bomben, M Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Ricca, GD Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Vitale, L Martinez-Vidal, F Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Bhuyan, B Brown, CM Fortin, D Hamano, K Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Sobie, RJ Back, JJ Harrison, PF Latham, TE Mohanty, GB Band, HR Chen, X Cheng, B Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Flood, KT Graham, M Hollar, JJ Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Mellado, B Mihalyi, A Pan, Y Prepost, R Tan, P von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H TI Measurements of neutral B decay branching fractions to K-S(0)pi(+)pi(-) final states and the charge asymmetry of B-0 -> K*+pi(-) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article AB We analyze the decay B-0-> K(S)(0)pi(+)pi(-) using a sample of 232x10(6) Upsilon(4S)-> B < overline > B decays collected with the BABAR detector at the SLAC PEP-II asymmetric-energy B factory. A maximum likelihood fit finds the following branching fractions: B(B-0-> K(0)pi(+)pi(-))=(43.0 +/- 2.3 +/- 2.3)x10(-6), B(B-0-> f(0)(->pi(+)pi(-))K-0)=(5.5 +/- 0.7 +/- 0.5 +/- 0.3)x10(-6) and B(B-0-> K(*+)pi) =(11.0 +/- 1.5 +/- 0.5 +/- 0.5)x10(-6). For these results, the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third (if present) is due to the effect of interference from other resonances. We also measure the CP-violating charge asymmetry in the decay B-0-> K(*+)pi(-), A(K)(*)pi=-0.11 +/- 0.14 +/- 0.05. C1 Lab Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, IFAE, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, LLR, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Ferrara, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Genoa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Imperial Coll London, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 72E, Merseyside, England. Queen Mary Univ London, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Lab Rene JA Levesque, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Univ Naples Federico II, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. NIKHEF, Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartmento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Perugia, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Scuola Normale Super, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Texas, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Valencia, IFIC, CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Lab Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; M, Saleem/B-9137-2013; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015 OI Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Egede, Ulrik/0000-0001-5493-0762; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; NR 25 TC 105 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 3 AR 031101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.73.031101 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 017BQ UT WOS:000235669500001 ER PT J AU Baur, U Juste, A Orr, LH Rainwater, D AF Baur, U Juste, A Orr, LH Rainwater, D TI Improved measurement of ttZ couplings at the CERN LHC SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ANOMALOUS TOP-QUARK; EXTENDED TECHNICOLOR; STANDARD MODEL; PHYSICS; COLLISIONS; VERTEX; DISTRIBUTIONS; DECAYS; BOSON; COLLIDERS AB We consider QCD t (t) over barZ production at the LHC with Z ->nu(nu) over bar and all-hadronic t (t) over bar decays, i.e. pp -> p(T)b (b) over bar +4 jets, as a tool to measure ttZ couplings. This channel has a significantly larger cross section than those where the Z boson decays leptonically. However, t (t) over bar, b (b) over bar +4 jet, t (t) over barj, and t (t) over bar jj production give rise to potentially large backgrounds. We show that these processes can be suppressed to an acceptable level with suitable cuts, and find that adding the p(T)b (b) over bar +4 jet channel to the final states used in previous ttZ couplings analyses will improve the sensitivity by 10%-60%. We also discuss how the measurement of the ttZ couplings may constrain Little Higgs models. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM baur@ubhex.physics.buffalo.edu; juste@fnal.gov; orr@pas.rochester.edu; rain@pas.rochester.edu RI Juste, Aurelio/I-2531-2015; OI Juste, Aurelio/0000-0002-1558-3291; rainwater, david/0000-0002-3668-4331 NR 60 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 3 AR 034016 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.73.034016 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 017BQ UT WOS:000235669500031 ER PT J AU Bhattacharya, T Gupta, R Lee, W Sharpe, SR Wu, JMS AF Bhattacharya, T Gupta, R Lee, W Sharpe, SR Wu, JMS TI Improved bilinears in lattice QCD with nondegenerate quarks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID NONPERTURBATIVE RENORMALIZATION-CONSTANTS; WILSON FERMIONS; CHIRAL-SYMMETRY; O(A) IMPROVEMENT; WARD IDENTITIES; VECTOR CURRENT; OPERATORS AB We describe the extension of the improvement program for bilinear operators composed of Wilson fermions to nondegenerate dynamical quarks. We consider two, three and four flavors, and both flavor nonsinglet and singlet operators. We find that there are many more improvement coefficients than with degenerate quarks, but that, for three or four flavors, nearly all can be determined by enforcing vector and axial Ward identities. The situation is worse for two flavors, where many more coefficients remain undetermined. C1 TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Phys, Seoul 151747, South Korea. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bhattacharya, T (reprint author), TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. RI Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/J-8956-2013; OI Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/0000-0002-1060-652X; Gupta, Rajan/0000-0003-1784-3058 NR 36 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 3 AR 034504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.73.034504 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 017BQ UT WOS:000235669500049 ER PT J AU Braun, VM Lenz, A Peters, G Radyushkin, AV AF Braun, VM Lenz, A Peters, G Radyushkin, AV TI Light cone sum rules for gamma N-*->Delta transition form factors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Review ID GENERALIZED PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; LARGE MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; TWIST DISTRIBUTION AMPLITUDES; N-DELTA TRANSITION; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; EXCLUSIVE PROCESSES; PERTURBATIVE QCD; QUARK-MODEL; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; ASYMPTOTIC-BEHAVIOR AB A theoretical framework is suggested for the calculation of gamma N-*->Delta transition form factors using the light-cone sum rule approach. Leading-order sum rules are derived and compared with the existing experimental data. We find that the transition form factors in a several GeV region are dominated by the soft contributions that can be thought of as overlap integrals of the valence components of the hadron wave functions. The minus components of the quark fields contribute significantly to the result, which can be reinterpreted as large contributions of the quark orbital angular momentum. C1 Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Jefferson Lab, Theory Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. NR 127 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 3 AR 034020 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.73.034020 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 017BQ UT WOS:000235669500035 ER PT J AU Brodsky, SJ Gardner, S Hwang, DS AF Brodsky, SJ Gardner, S Hwang, DS TI Discrete symmetries on the light front and a general relation connecting the nucleon electric dipole and anomalous magnetic moments SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; INFINITE-MOMENTUM; QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS; CP-VIOLATION; GAUGE-THEORIES; FORM-FACTORS; FIELD-THEORY; NEUTRON; MODEL; CHROMODYNAMICS AB We consider the electric dipole form factor, F-3(q(2)), as well as the Dirac and Pauli form factors, F-1(q(2)) and F-2(q(2)), of the nucleon in the light-front formalism. We derive an exact formula for F-3(q(2)) to complement those known for F-1(q(2)) and F-2(q(2)). We derive the light-front representation of the discrete symmetry transformations and show that time-reversal- and parity-odd effects are captured by phases in the light-front wave functions. We thus determine that the contributions to F-2(q(2)) and F-3(q(2)), Fock state by Fock state, are related, independent of the fundamental mechanism through which CP violation is generated. Our relation is not specific to the nucleon, but, rather, is true of spin-1/2 systems in general, be they lepton or baryon. The empirical values of the anomalous magnetic moments, in concert with empirical bounds on the associated electric dipole moments, can better constrain theories of CP violation. In particular, we find that the neutron and proton electric dipole moments echo the isospin structure of the anomalous magnetic moments, kappa(n)similar to-kappa(p). C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Sejong Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 143747, South Korea. RP Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 71 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 3 AR 036007 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.73.036007 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 017BQ UT WOS:000235669500072 ER PT J AU Csaki, C Marandella, G Shirman, Y Strumia, A AF Csaki, C Marandella, G Shirman, Y Strumia, A TI The super-little Higgs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ELECTROWEAK SYMMETRY-BREAKING; PSEUDO-GOLDSTONE PARTICLES; STANDARD MODEL; GUT; OSCILLATIONS; NEUTRINOS; MASSES; BOSONS; FLAVOR; SCALE AB Supersymmetry combined with little Higgs can render the Higgs vacuum expectation value super-little, providing models of electroweak symmetry breaking free from fine-tunings. We discuss the difficulties that arise in implementing this idea and propose one simple successful model. Thanks to appropriately chosen Higgs representations, D-terms give a negligible tree-level mass term to the Goldstone. The fermion representations are anomaly free, generation independent, and embeddable into an SU(6) grand unified theory. A simple mechanism provides the large top quark mass. C1 Cornell Univ, Inst High Energy Phenomenol, Newman Lab Elementary Part Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. RP Cornell Univ, Inst High Energy Phenomenol, Newman Lab Elementary Part Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM csaki@lepp.cornell.edu; maran@physics.ucdavis.edu; shirman@lanl.gov; Alessandro.Strumia@df.unipi.it NR 53 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 3 AR 035006 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.73.035006 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 017BQ UT WOS:000235669500058 ER PT J AU Fleming, S Mehen, T AF Fleming, S Mehen, T TI Doubly heavy baryons, heavy quark-diquark symmetry, and nonrelativistic QCD SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE-FIELD-THEORY; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; CHARMED BARYONS; DECAY; NRQCD AB In the heavy quark limit, properties of heavy mesons and doubly heavy baryons are related by heavy quark-diquark symmetry. This problem is reanalyzed in the framework of nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD). We introduce a novel method for deriving potential NRQCD (pNRQCD) Lagrangians for composite fields from vNRQCD, which contains quarks and antiquarks as explicit degrees of freedom and maintains manifest power counting in the velocity via a label formalism. A Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation is used to eliminate four quark interactions in vNRQCD and then quarks and antiquarks are integrated out to get effective Lagrangians for composite fields. This method is used to rederive Lagrangians for the Q (Q) over bar and QQ sectors of pNRQCD and give a correct derivation of the O(1/m(Q)) prediction for the hyperfine splitting of doubly heavy baryons. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Fleming, S (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM fleming@physics.arizona.edu; mehen@phy.duke.edu RI Fleming, Sean/C-3677-2015 OI Fleming, Sean/0000-0002-9553-7198 NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 3 AR 034502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.73.034502 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 017BQ UT WOS:000235669500047 ER PT J AU Kadota, K Yokoyama, J AF Kadota, K Yokoyama, J TI D-term inflation and leptogenesis by a right-handed sneutrino SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID HYBRID INFLATION; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; CHAOTIC INFLATION; UNIFIED THEORIES; BARYOGENESIS; SUPERGRAVITY; UNIVERSE; SUPERSTRINGS; NEUTRINOS; FLATNESS AB We discuss a D-term inflation scenario where a right-handed sneutrino can be an inflaton field leading to a viable inflation and leptogenesis, with a minimal form of Kahler potential. The decay of an inflaton sneutrino can nonthermally create large enough lepton asymmetry. Its entropy production is also big enough to ameliorate the gravitino problem caused by too high a reheating temperature from the decay of a symmetry breaking field. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 52 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 4 AR 043507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.73.043507 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 017BT UT WOS:000235669800019 ER PT J AU Kiers, K Assis, M Simons, D Petrov, AA Soni, A AF Kiers, K Assis, M Simons, D Petrov, AA Soni, A TI Neutrinos in a left-right model with a horizontal symmetry SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DOUBLY-CHARGED HIGGS; SPONTANEOUS CP VIOLATION; DOUBLE-BETA DECAY; NEUTRAL CURRENTS; GAUGE-THEORIES; LEPTON NUMBER; MASS SCALE; PARITY; LEPTOGENESIS; OSCILLATIONS AB We analyze the lepton sector of a left-right model based on the gauge group SU(2)(L)xSU(2)(R)xU(1), concentrating mainly on neutrino properties. Using the seesaw mechanism and a horizontal symmetry, we keep the right-handed symmetry breaking scale relatively low, while simultaneously satisfying phenomenological constraints on the light neutrino masses. We take the right-handed scale to be of order 10 ' s of TeV and perform a full numerical analysis of the model's parameter space, subject to experimental constraints on neutrino masses and mixings. The numerical procedure yields results for the right-handed neutrino masses and mixings and the various CP-violating phases. We also discuss phenomenological applications of the model to neutrinoless double beta decay, lepton-flavor-violating decays (including decays such as tau -> 3 mu) and leptogenesis. C1 Taylor Univ, Dept Phys, Upland, IN 46989 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Taylor Univ, Dept Phys, 236 W Reade Ave, Upland, IN 46989 USA. EM knkiers@taylor.edu; michael_assis@taylor.edu; dlsimons@bcm.edu; apetrov@physics.wayne.edu; soni@bnl.gov RI Petrov, Alexey/F-2882-2010 NR 62 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 3 AR 033009 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.73.033009 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 017BQ UT WOS:000235669500015 ER PT J AU Liguori, M Hansen, FK Komatsu, E Matarrese, S Riotto, A AF Liguori, M Hansen, FK Komatsu, E Matarrese, S Riotto, A TI Testing primordial non-Gaussianity in CMB anisotropies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; INFLATIONARY MODELS; MICROWAVE; PERTURBATIONS AB Recent second-order perturbation computations have provided an accurate prediction for the primordial gravitational potential, Phi(x), in scenarios in which cosmological perturbations are generated either during or after inflation. This enables us to make realistic predictions for a non-Gaussian part of Phi(x), which is generically written in momentum space as a double convolution of its Gaussian part with a suitable kernel, f(NL)(k(1),k(2)). This kernel defines the amplitude and angular structure of the non-Gaussian signals and originates from the evolution of second-order perturbations after the generation of the curvature perturbation. We derive a generic formula for the cosmic microwave background angular bispectrum with arbitrary f(NL)(k(1),k(2)), and examine the detectability of the primordial non-Gaussian signals from various scenarios such as single-field inflation, inhomogeneous reheating, and curvaton scenarios. Our results show that in the standard slow-roll inflation scenario the signal actually comes from the momentum-dependent part of f(NL)(k(1),k(2)), and thus it is important to include the momentum dependence in the data analysis. In the other scenarios the primordial non-Gaussianity is comparable to or larger than these post-inflationary effects. We find that the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe cannot detect non-Gaussian signals generated by these models. Numerical calculations for l > 500 are still computationally expensive, and we are not yet able to extend our calculations to Planck's angular resolution; however, there is an encouraging trend which shows that Planck may be able to detect these non-Gaussian signals. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Komatsu, Eiichiro/A-4361-2011; OI Matarrese, Sabino/0000-0002-2573-1243 NR 35 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 4 AR 043505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.73.043505 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 017BT UT WOS:000235669800017 ER PT J AU Ma, H Appel, R Atoyan, GS Bassalleck, B Bergman, DR Cheung, N Dhawan, S Do, H Egger, J Eilerts, S Herold, W Issakov, VV Kaspar, H Kraus, DE Lazarus, DM Lichard, P Lowe, J Lozano, J Majid, W Pislak, S Poblaguev, AA Rehak, P Sher, A Thompson, JA Truol, P Zeller, ME AF Ma, H Appel, R Atoyan, GS Bassalleck, B Bergman, DR Cheung, N Dhawan, S Do, H Egger, J Eilerts, S Herold, W Issakov, VV Kaspar, H Kraus, DE Lazarus, DM Lichard, P Lowe, J Lozano, J Majid, W Pislak, S Poblaguev, AA Rehak, P Sher, A Thompson, JA Truol, P Zeller, ME TI First observation of the decay K+-> e(+)v(e)mu(+)mu(-) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY AB Experiment 865 at the Brookhaven AGS has observed the decay K+-> e(+)nu(e)mu(+)mu(-). The branching ratio extracted is (1.72 +/- 0.37(stat)+/- 0.17(syst)+/- 0.19(model))x10(-8) where the third term in the error results from the use of a model to extrapolate into a kinematic region dominated by background. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 117312, Russia. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Lichard, Peter/A-4459-2010 OI Lichard, Peter/0000-0003-1581-8545 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 3 AR 037101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.73.037101 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 017BQ UT WOS:000235669500073 ER PT J AU Pascalutsa, V Vanderhaeghen, M AF Pascalutsa, V Vanderhaeghen, M TI Chiral effective-field theory in the Delta(1232) region: Pion electroproduction on the nucleon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID BARYON MAGNETIC-MOMENTS; PERTURBATION-THEORY; FORM-FACTORS; MESON-EXCHANGE; PHOTOPRODUCTION; MODEL; RESONANCE; TRANSITION; SCATTERING; UNITARY AB We develop an extension of chiral perturbation theory to the Delta(1232)-resonance energy region and apply it to investigate the pion electroproduction off the nucleon (e(-)N -> e(-)N pi). We present a complete calculation of this process, in the Delta-resonance region, up to next-to-leading order in the delta expansion. At this order, the only free parameters are the three low-energy constants corresponding to the magnetic (M1), electric (E2), and Coulomb (C2) gamma N ->Delta transition strength. After fitting these parameters to a few well-known data, our calculation provides a prediction for observables and multipole amplitudes of pion electroproduction. These results compare favorably with the phenomenological multipole solutions and recent experimental results from MIT-Bates and MAMI. Our prediction for the pion-mass dependence of the gamma N Delta form factors offers an explanation for the discrepancy between the recent lattice-QCD results and the experimental value for the "C2/M1 ratio" at low Q(2). C1 Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Jefferson Lab, Theory Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. EM vlad@jlab.org; marcvdh@jlab.org NR 82 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 3 AR 034003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.73.034003 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 017BQ UT WOS:000235669500018 ER PT J AU Rajagopal, K Schmitt, A AF Rajagopal, K Schmitt, A TI Stressed pairing in conventional color superconductors is unavoidable SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID FLAVOR LOCKED PHASE; QUARK MATTER; HIGH-DENSITY; QCD; NEUTRALITY AB At sufficiently high densities, cold dense three-flavor quark matter is in the color-flavor locked (CFL) phase, in which all nine quarks pair in a particularly symmetric fashion. Once the heaviness of the strange quark (mass m(s)) and the requirements of electric and color neutrality are taken into account, the CFL pattern of color superconductivity requires the pairing of quarks that would, in the absence of pairing, have Fermi momenta that differ by of order m(s)(2)/mu, with mu the quark number chemical potential. This means that at sufficiently small mu, the "stress" on the pairing is large enough that the system can lower its energy by breaking pairs, resulting in some unconventional color superconductor which includes gapless excitations, spatial inhomogeneity, counter-propagating currents, or all three. In this paper we ask whether there is some less symmetric but still conventional pattern of pairing that can evade the stress. In other words, is there a pattern of pairing in which, once electric and color neutrality are imposed by suitable chemical potentials, pairing only occurs among those quarks whose Fermi momenta would be equal in the absence of pairing? We use graph-theoretical methods to classify 511 patterns of conventional color-superconducting pairing, and show that none of them meet this requirement. All feel a stress, and all can be expected to become unstable to gapless modes at a density comparable to that at which the CFL phase becomes unstable. C1 MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM krishna@lns.mit.edu; aschmitt@lns.mit.edu RI Schmitt, Andreas/H-2500-2012 OI Schmitt, Andreas/0000-0003-2858-4450 NR 86 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 4 AR 045003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.73.045003 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 017BT UT WOS:000235669800070 ER PT J AU Altmann, EG Motter, AE Kantz, H AF Altmann, EG Motter, AE Kantz, H TI Stickiness in Hamiltonian systems: From sharply divided to hierarchical phase space SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID LONG-TIME TAILS; FRACTAL CONDUCTANCE FLUCTUATIONS; AREA-PRESERVING MAPS; MARKOV-TREE MODEL; POINCARE RECURRENCES; CHAOTIC SCATTERING; CLASSICAL BILLIARDS; ANOMALOUS TRANSPORT; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; STANDARD MAP AB We investigate the dynamics of chaotic trajectories in simple yet physically important Hamiltonian systems with nonhierarchical borders between regular and chaotic regions with positive measures. We show that the stickiness to the border of the regular regions in systems with such a sharply divided phase space occurs through one-parameter families of marginally unstable periodic orbits and is characterized by an exponent gamma=2 for the asymptotic power-law decay of the distribution of recurrence times. Generic perturbations lead to systems with hierarchical phase space, where the stickiness is apparently enhanced due to the presence of infinitely many regular islands and Cantori. In this case, we show that the distribution of recurrence times can be composed of a sum of exponentials or a sum of power laws, depending on the relative contribution of the primary and secondary structures of the hierarchy. Numerical verification of our main results are provided for area-preserving maps, mushroom billiards, and the newly defined magnetic mushroom billiards. C1 Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, Nothnitzer Str 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. EM edugalt@pks.mpg.de RI Altmann, Eduardo/A-3320-2009 OI Altmann, Eduardo/0000-0002-1932-3710 NR 48 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 026207 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.73.026207 PN 2 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 017AY UT WOS:000235667700052 PM 16605429 ER PT J AU Finn, JM Tracy, ER Cooke, WE Richardson, AS AF Finn, JM Tracy, ER Cooke, WE Richardson, AS TI Noise-stabilized random attractor SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS; ELMS AB A two-dimensional flow model is introduced with deterministic behavior consisting of bursts that become successively larger, with longer interburst time intervals between them. The system is symmetric in one variable x and there are bursts on either side of x=0, separated by the presence of an invariant manifold at x=0. In the presence of arbitrarily small additive noise in the x direction, the successive bursts have bounded amplitudes and interburst intervals. This system with noise is proposed as a model for edge-localized modes in tokamaks. With noise, the bursts can switch from positive to negative x and vice versa. The probability distribution of burst heights and interburst periods is studied, as is the dependence of the statistics on the noise variance. The modification of this behavior as the symmetry in x is broken is studied, showing qualitatively similar behavior if the symmetry breaking is small enough. Experimental observations of a nonlinear circuit governed by the same equations are presented, showing good agreement. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-15,Plasma Theory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 026220 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.73.026220 PN 2 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 017AY UT WOS:000235667700065 ER PT J AU Fubiani, G Esarey, E Schroeder, CB Leemans, WP AF Fubiani, G Esarey, E Schroeder, CB Leemans, WP TI Improvement of electron beam quality in optical injection schemes using negative plasma density gradients SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID COLLIDING LASER-PULSES; WAKEFIELD ACCELERATOR; WAVE BREAKING AB Enhanced electron trapping using plasma density down-ramps as a method for improving the performance of laser injection schemes is proposed and analyzed. A decrease in density implies an increase in plasma wavelength, which can shift a relativistic electron from the defocusing to the focusing region of the accelerating wakefield, and a decrease in wake phase velocity, which lowers the trapping threshold. The specific method of two-pulse colliding pulse injector is examined in detail using a three-dimensional test particle tracking code. A density down-ramp with a change of density on the order of tens of percent over distances greater than the plasma wavelength leads to an enhancement of charge by two orders in magnitude or more, up to the limits imposed by beam loading. The accelerated bunches are ultrashort (fraction of the plasma wavelength-e.g., similar to 5 fs), high charge (> 20 pC at modest injection laser intensity similar to 10(17) W/cm(2)), with a relative energy spread of a few percent at a mean energy of similar to 25 MeV, and a normalized root-mean-square emittance of the order of 0.5 mm mrad. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Paris 11, Orsay, France. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Fubiani, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166 NR 22 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 026402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.73.026402 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 017AY UT WOS:000235667700083 PM 16605460 ER PT J AU Gulbahce, N Alexander, FJ Johnson, G AF Gulbahce, N Alexander, FJ Johnson, G TI Statistical mechanics of histories: A cluster Monte Carlo algorithm SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID POTTS MODELS; SPIN SYSTEMS; DYNAMICS AB We present an efficient computational approach to sample the histories of nonlinear stochastic processes. This framework builds upon recent work on casting a d-dimensional stochastic dynamical system into a (d+1)-dimensional equilibrium system using the path-integral approach. We introduce a cluster algorithm that efficiently samples histories and discuss how to include measurements that are available into the estimate of the histories. This allows our approach to be applicable to the simulation of rare events and to optimal state and parameter estimation. We demonstrate the utility of this approach for phi(4) Langevin dynamics in two spatial dimensions where our algorithm improves sampling efficiency up to an order of magnitude. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 026701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.73.026701 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 017AY UT WOS:000235667700100 PM 16605477 ER PT J AU Kerstein, AR Krueger, SK AF Kerstein, AR Krueger, SK TI Clustering of randomly advected low-inertia particles: A solvable model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID PREFERENTIAL CONCENTRATION; INTERMITTENT DISTRIBUTION; ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; HEAVY-PARTICLES; FLOW; FIELDS AB Measurements and simulations indicate that the particle-pair radial distribution function in isotropic turbulence is a power law in a range of length scales below the Kolmogorov scale for Stokes number St << 1. In this range, the exponent is proportional to St(1)St(2) for unlike particles (1 and 2) in a bidispersion, hence St(2) for a monodispersion. Here, this result is derived from a model of particle response to random advection. The analysis generalizes a geometrical interpretation of clustering to polydispersions and suggests an economical Monte Carlo simulation method. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Kerstein, AR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 025302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.73.025302 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 017AY UT WOS:000235667700011 PM 16605388 ER PT J AU Kumar, V Kim, KJ AF Kumar, V Kim, KJ TI Analysis of Smith-Purcell free-electron lasers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID BACKWARD-WAVE OSCILLATORS; CHARGE MOVING PARALLEL; AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; OROTRON OSCILLATION; RADIATION; CURRENTS; REGIME AB We present an analysis of the beam dynamics in a Smith-Purcell free-electron laser (FEL). In this system, an electron beam interacts resonantly with a copropagating surface electromagnetic mode near the grating surface. The surface mode arises as a singularity in the frequency dependence of the reflection matrix. Since the surface mode is confined very close to the grating surface, the interaction is significant only if the electrons are moving very close to the grating surface. The group velocity of the surface mode resonantly interacting with a low-energy electron beam is in the direction opposite to the electron beam. The Smith-Purcell FEL is therefore a backward wave oscillator in which, if the beam current exceeds a certain threshold known as start current, the optical intensity grows to saturation even if no mirrors are employed for feedback. We derive the coupled Maxwell-Lorentz equations for describing the interaction between the surface mode and the electron beam, starting from the slowly varying approximation and the singularity in the reflection matrix. In the linear regime, we derive an analytic expression for the start current and calculate the growth rate of optical power in time. The analysis is extended to the nonlinear regime by performing a one-dimensional time-dependent numerical simulation. Results of our numerical calculation compare well with the analytic calculation in the linear regime and show saturation behavior in the nonlinear regime. We find that a significant amount of power grows in the surface mode due to this interaction. Several ways to outcouple this power to freely propagating modes are discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ctr Adv Technol, G-20,ADL Bldg, Indore 452013, India. NR 52 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 026501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.73.026501 PN 2 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 017AY UT WOS:000235667700087 PM 16605464 ER PT J AU MacKay, WW Montag, C AF MacKay, WW Montag, C TI Comment on "Effect of a polarized hydrogen target on the polarization of a stored proton beam" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Letter AB Meyer [Phys. Rev. E 50, 1485 (1994)] analyzed the filtering mechanism of polarizing a stored beam by scattering from an internal polarized target. We noticed in Meyer's derivation of Eq. (4) of that paper that he had added a new twist to an old argument [W. Bruckner , Physics with Antiprotons at LEAR in the ACOL Era: Proceedings of the Third LEAR Workshop, Tignes, Savoie, France, January 19-26, 1985 (Editions Frontieres, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, 1985), p. 245] by allowing some particles that are spin flipped to be kept in the beam. We show that this invalidates the old result and leads to a more complicated expression for the buildup of polarization. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM waldo@bnl.gov NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 028501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.73.028501 PN 2 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 017AY UT WOS:000235667700110 PM 16605487 ER PT J AU Pruessner, G Peters, O AF Pruessner, G Peters, O TI Self-organized criticality and absorbing states: Lessons from the Ising model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ONE-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; RICE-PILE; SANDPILES AB We investigate a suggested path to self-organized criticality. Originally, this path was devised to "generate criticality" in systems displaying an absorbing-state phase transition, but nothing in its definition forbids the mechanism to be used in any other continuous phase transition. We used the Ising model as well as the Manna model to demonstrate how the finite-size scaling exponents depend on the tuning of driving and dissipation rates with system size. Our findings limit the explanatory power of the mechanism as it is to nonuniversal critical behavior, suggesting that the explanation of self-organized criticality in terms of absorbing-state phase transitions is incomplete. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pruessner, G (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM gunnar.pruessner@physics.org; ole.peters@physics.org NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 025106 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.73.025106 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 017AY UT WOS:000235667700006 PM 16605383 ER PT J AU Yin, L Daughton, W Albright, BJ Bezzerides, B DuBois, DF Kindel, JM Vu, HX AF Yin, L Daughton, W Albright, BJ Bezzerides, B DuBois, DF Kindel, JM Vu, HX TI Nonlinear development of stimulated Raman scattering from electrostatic modes excited by self-consistent non-Maxwellian velocity distributions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID PARAMETRIC-INSTABILITIES; PLASMA-WAVES AB The parametric coupling involving backward stimulated scattering of a laser and electron beam acoustic modes (BAM) is described as observed in particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. The BAM modes evolve from Langmuir waves (LW) as the electron velocity distribution is nonlinearly modified to be non-Maxwellian by backward stimulated Raman scattering (BSRS). With a marginal damping rate, BAM can be easily excited and allow an extended chirping in frequency to occur as later SRS pulses encounter modified distributions. Coincident with the emergence of this non-Maxwellian distribution is a rapid increase in BSRS reflectivities with laser intensities. Both the reflectivity scaling with laser intensity and the observed spectral features from PIC simulations are consistent with recent Trident experiments. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Yin, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Daughton, William/L-9661-2013; OI Albright, Brian/0000-0002-7789-6525; Yin, Lin/0000-0002-8978-5320 NR 17 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 AR 025401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.73.025401 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 017AY UT WOS:000235667700012 PM 16605389 ER PT J AU Humphries, S Orzechowski, T AF Humphries, S Orzechowski, T TI Simulation tools for pinched-electron-beam radiographic diodes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID ACCELERATOR AB We describe capabilities of an integrated software suite to simulate pinched-electron-beam diodes for pulsed radiography. In contrast to other reported work using particle-in-cell methods, we employ a ray-tracing code (TRAK) with advanced capabilities for modeling beam-generated magnetic fields. Ray tracing is a direct approach to a steady-state solution and involves less work than a particle-in-cell calculation. The second software component, GAMBET, is a new Monte Carlo code for radiation transport that incorporates effects of the complex electric and magnetic fields at the radiation target. The ray-tracing approach exhibits good convergence in calculations for the diode geometry of the compact radiography (CRAD) program at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. With a 1.5 MV, 30 ns driver, we predict that the diode can produce a beam with axial length similar to 1 mm that generates isotropic bremsstrahlung radiation exceeding 1 rad at 1 m. The ray-tracing procedure encounters convergence problems when applied to the rod-pinch geometry, a configuration used in several pulsed radiographic machines. We observe a fundamental difference in the nature of electron orbits in the two diodes. There is an increased chance for particle-orbit feedback in the rod pinch, so that equilibrium solutions are sensitive to small changes in emission characteristics. C1 Field Precis, Albuquerque, NM 87192 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Humphries, S (reprint author), Field Precis, POB 13595, Albuquerque, NM 87192 USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD FEB PY 2006 VL 9 IS 2 AR 020401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.9.020401 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 034IG UT WOS:000236921900002 ER PT J AU Wolski, A AF Wolski, A TI Alternative approach to general coupled linear optics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB The Twiss parameters provide a convenient description of beam optics in uncoupled linear beam lines. For coupled beam lines, a variety of approaches are possible for describing the linear optics; here, we propose an approach and notation that naturally generalizes the familiar Twiss parameters to the coupled case in 3 degrees of freedom. Our approach is based on an eigensystem analysis of the matrix of second-order beam moments, or alternatively ( in the case of a storage ring) on an eigensystem analysis of the linear single-turn map. The lattice functions that emerge from this approach have an interpretation that is conceptually very simple: in particular, the lattice functions directly relate the beam distribution in phase-space to the invariant emittances. To emphasize the physical significance of the coupled lattice functions, we develop the theory from first principles, using only the assumption of linear symplectic transport. We also give some examples of the application of this approach, demonstrating its advantages of conceptual and notational simplicity. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wolski, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM awolski@lbl.gov OI Wolski, Andrzej/0000-0002-5057-5588 NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD FEB PY 2006 VL 9 IS 2 AR 024001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.9.024001 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 034IG UT WOS:000236921900005 ER PT J AU Hrma, P Smith, DE Matyas, J Yeager, JD Jones, JV Boulos, EN AF Hrma, Pavel Smith, D. E. Matyas, Josef Yeager, J. D. Jones, J. V. Boulos, Edward N. TI Effect of float glass composition on liquidus temperature and devitrification behaviour SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF GLASSES-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF GLASS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PART B LA English DT Article ID SILICATE-GLASSES AB Liquidus temperatures (T-L) were measured for the following float glass-type composition region (in mass%): 72(.)7 to 74(.)0 SiO2, 13(.)1 to 14(.)2 Na2O, 7(.)95 to 8(.)95 CaO, 2(.)97 to 3(.)97 MgO, 0(.)10 to 0(.)45 Al2O3, and 0(.)03 to 0(.)10 K2O. Glasses also contained constant minor fractions of Fe2O3 (0(.)71) and TiO2 (0(.)01). Fractions of silica, wollastonite, and devitrite were determined in glasses quenched from 900 degrees C. Partial specific values for TL were evaluated for silica and wollastonite phase-fields. The measured TL values were compared with values estimated using various models available in the literature. The differences between predicted and measured TL for the float glass composition region can be attributed to several causes, the most prominent being the neglecting of differences in the slopes of liquidus surfaces within different primary phase-fields. Inaccurate estimates can also be expected when a model is applied to a glass with a smaller or a larger number of key components. Finally, erroneous estimates occur when the model is extrapolated beyond the composition region covered by data to which model equations were fitted, or when a model that covers a large composition region is applied to a smaller subregion where the T-L-composition relationship has a significant lack of fit. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Inorgan Chem, Lab Inorgan Mat, Prague, Czech Republic. Inst Chem Technol, Prague, Czech Republic. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Visteon Corp, Nashville, TN USA. RP Hrma, P (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM pavel.hrma@pnl.gov NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GLASS TECHNOLOGY PI SHEFFIELD PA UNIT 9, TWELVE O CLOCK COURT, 21 ATTERCLIFFE RD, SHEFFIELD S4 7WW, S YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0031-9090 J9 PHYS CHEM GLASSES-B JI Phys. Chem. Glasses-Eur. J. Glass Sci. Technol. Part B PD FEB PY 2006 VL 47 IS 1 BP 64 EP 76 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 074ET UT WOS:000239796200010 ER PT J AU Petersen, MR Julien, K Weiss, JB AF Petersen, MR Julien, K Weiss, JB TI Vortex cores, strain cells, and filaments in quasigeostrophic turbulence SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE; LAGRANGIAN DATA; VORTICES; VELOCITY; DISPERSION; DISTRIBUTIONS; STATISTICS; PARAMETERS; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT AB We present numerical simulations of decaying two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional quasigeostrophic (3D QG) turbulence. The resulting vorticity fields are decomposed into three components: the vortex cores, the strain cells, and the background. In 2D, the vortex cores induce five times the energy as the background, while in 3D QG the background plays a more dominant role and induces the same amount of energy as the vortex cores, quantifying previous observations that 3D QG has a more active filamentary background. The probability density function of the total velocity field is nearly Gaussian in 3D QG but significantly less so in 2D. In both 2D and 3D QG, the velocities induced by the vortex cores and the strain cells are non-Gaussian. In both 2D and 3D QG turbulence, the enstrophy spectrum of the background is close to k(-1) predicted by inverse cascade theories. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, PAOS, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Petersen, MR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mpetersen@lanl.gov RI Weiss, Jeffrey/O-5355-2016; OI Weiss, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0706-861X; Petersen, Mark/0000-0001-7170-7511 NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD FEB PY 2006 VL 18 IS 2 AR 026601 DI 10.1063/1.2166452 PG 11 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 016ZK UT WOS:000235663700020 ER PT J AU Cohen, BI Divol, L Langdon, AB Williams, EA AF Cohen, BI Divol, L Langdon, AB Williams, EA TI Effects of ion-ion collisions and inhomogeneity in two-dimensional kinetic ion simulations of stimulated Brillouin backscattering SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID DRIVEN PARAMETRIC-INSTABILITIES; IN-CELL SIMULATIONS; ACOUSTIC-WAVES; NONLINEAR SATURATION; THOMSON SCATTERING; LASER-BEAM; PLASMA AB Two-dimensional simulations with the BZOHAR [B. I. Cohen, B. F. Lasinski, A. B. Langdon, and E. A. Williams, Phys. Plasmas 4, 956 (1997)] hybrid code (kinetic particle ions and Boltzmann fluid electrons) have been used to investigate the saturation of stimulated Brillouin backscatter (SBBS) instability, including the effects of ion-ion collisions and inhomogeneity. Two types of Langevin-operator, ion-ion collision models were implemented in the simulations. In both models the collisions are functions of the local ion temperature and density, but the collisions have no velocity dependence in the first model. In the second model the collisions are also functions of the energy of the ion that is being scattered so as to represent a more physical Fokker-Planck collision operator. Collisions decorrelate the ions from the acoustic waves in SBS, which disrupts ion trapping in the acoustic wave. Nevertheless, ion trapping leading to a hot ion tail and two-dimensional physics that allows the SBS ion waves to nonlinearly scatter, remain important saturation mechanisms for SBBS in a high-gain limit over a range of ion collisionality. Ion-ion collisions tend to increase ion-wave dissipation, which decreases the gain exponent for stimulated Brillouin backscattering; and the peak Brillouin backscatter reflectivities decrease with increasing collisionality in the simulations for velocity-independent collisions and very weakly decrease for the range of Fokker-Planck collisionality considered. SBS backscatter in the presence of a spatially nonuniform plasma flow is also investigated. Simulations show that, depending on the sign of the spatial gradient of the flow relative to the backscatter, ion trapping effects that produce a nonlinear frequency shift can enhance (autoresonance) reflectivities relative to anti-autoresonant configurations, in agreement with theoretical arguments. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Cohen, BI (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2006 VL 13 IS 2 AR 022705 DI 10.1063/1.2168405 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 016ZM UT WOS:000235663900032 ER PT J AU Garcia, L Carreras, BA AF Garcia, L Carreras, BA TI Mesoscale transport properties induced by near critical resistive pressure-gradient-driven turbulence in toroidal geometry SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY; TOPOLOGICAL INSTABILITY; INVARIANT SURFACES; PLASMA TURBULENCE; DYNAMICS; CONFINEMENT; DIFFUSION; EQUATIONS; MODEL; MHD AB Numerical calculations of resistive pressure-gradient-driven turbulence in toroidal geometry in a range of beta values where the pressure profile is close to critical show self-similarity of space and time scales. These self-similarity properties lead to a fractional diffusive equation for mesoscale tracer-particle transport. The indices of the fractional derivates are consistent with the ones found for resistive pressure-gradient-driven turbulence in cylindrical geometry. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Carlos III Madrid, Madrid 28911, Spain. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Garcia, L (reprint author), Univ Carlos III Madrid, Madrid 28911, Spain. EM lgarcia@fis.uc3m.es RI Garcia, Luis/A-5344-2015 OI Garcia, Luis/0000-0002-0492-7466 NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2006 VL 13 IS 2 AR 022310 DI 10.1063/1.2172177 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 016ZM UT WOS:000235663900020 ER PT J AU Hansen, JF Edwards, MJ Froula, DH Gregori, G Edens, AD Ditmire, T AF Hansen, JF Edwards, MJ Froula, DH Gregori, G Edens, AD Ditmire, T TI Laboratory observation of secondary shock formation ahead of a strongly radiative blast wave SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID SUPERNOVA; ASTROPHYSICS; INSTABILITY; SIMULATION; MATTER; GAS AB High Mach number blast waves were created by focusing a laser pulse on a solid pin, surrounded by nitrogen or xenon gas. In xenon, the initial shock is strongly radiative, sending out a supersonic radiative heat wave far ahead of itself. The shock propagates into the heated gas, diminishing in strength as it goes. The radiative heat wave also slows, and when its Mach number drops to two with respect to the downstream plasma, the heat wave drives a second shock ahead of itself to satisfy mass and momentum conservation in the heat wave reference frame; the heat wave becomes subsonic behind the second shock. For some time both shocks are observed simultaneously. Eventually the initial shock diminishes in strength so much that it can longer be observed, but the second shock continues to propagate long after this time. This sequence of events is a new phenomenon that has not previously been discussed in the literature. Numerical simulation clarifies the origin of the second shock, and its position is consistent with an analytical estimate. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. LRC, Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Hansen, JF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2006 VL 13 IS 2 AR 022105 DI 10.1063/1.2168157 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 016ZM UT WOS:000235663900005 ER PT J AU Holcomb, CT Jarboe, TR Hill, DN Woodruff, S Wood, RD AF Holcomb, CT Jarboe, TR Hill, DN Woodruff, S Wood, RD TI Sustained spheromak coaxial gun operation in the presence of an n=1 magnetic distortion SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID HELICITY INJECTION; PLASMA; RELAXATION; BALANCE; MODE AB The Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment (SSPX)[E. B. Hooper, L. D. Pearlstein, and R. H. Bulmer, Nucl. Fusion 39, 863 (1999)] uses a magnetized coaxial gun to form and sustain spheromaks by helicity injection. Internal probes give the magnetic profile within the gun. An analysis of these data show that a number of commonly applied assumptions are not completely correct, and some previously unrecognized processes may be at work. Specifically, the fraction of the available vacuum flux spanning the gun that is stretched out of the gun is variable and not usually 100%. The n = 1 mode that is present during sustained discharges has its largest value of delta B/B within the gun, so that instantaneously B within the gun is not axisymmetric. By applying a rigid-rotor model to account for the mode, the instantaneous field and current structure within the gun are determined. The current density is also highly nonaxisymmetric and the local value of lambda equivalent to mu(0)j(parallel to)/B is not constant, although the global value lambda(g) equivalent to mu I-0(g)/psi(g) closely matches that expected by axisymmetric models. The current distribution near the gun muzzle suggests a cross-field current exists, and this is explained as a line-tying reaction to plasma rotation. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Washington, Aerosp & Energet Res Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Holcomb, CT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2006 VL 13 IS 2 AR 022504 DI 10.1063/1.2167911 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 016ZM UT WOS:000235663900027 ER PT J AU Romero-Talamas, CA Holcomb, C Bellan, PM Hill, DN AF Romero-Talamas, CA Holcomb, C Bellan, PM Hill, DN TI Spheromak formation and sustainment studies at the sustained spheromak physics experiment using high-speed imaging and magnetic diagnostics SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID HELICITY; DENSITY; BALANCE; GUN AB A high-speed imaging system with shutter speeds as fast as 2 ns and double frame capability has been used to directly image the formation and evolution of the sustained spheromak physics experiment (SSPX) [E. B. Hooper et al., Nucl. Fusion 39, 863 (1999)]. Reproducible plasma features have been identified with this diagnostic and divided into three groups, according to the stage in the discharge at which they occur: (i) breakdown and ejection, (ii) sustainment, and (iii) decay. During the first stage, plasma descends into the flux conserver shortly after breakdown and a transient plasma column is formed. The column then rapidly bends and simultaneously becomes too dim to photograph a few microseconds after formation. It is conjectured here that this rapid bending precedes the transfer of toroidal to poloidal flux. During sustainment, a stable plasma column different from the transient one is observed. It has been possible to measure the column diameter and compare it to CORSICA [A. Tarditi et al., Contrib. Plasma Phys. 36, 132 (1996)], a magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium reconstruction code which showed good agreement with the measurements. Elongation and velocity measurements were made of cathode patterns also seen during this stage, possibly caused by pressure gradients or E x B drifts. The patterns elongate in a toroidal-only direction which depends on the magnetic-field polarity. During the decay stage the column diameter expands as the current ramps down, until it eventually dissolves into filaments. With the use of magnetic probes inserted in the gun region, an X point which moved axially depending on current level and toroidal mode number was observed in all the stages of the SSPX plasma discharge. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Romero-Talamas, CA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM romerotalamas1@llnl.gov NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2006 VL 13 IS 2 AR 022502 DI 10.1063/1.2140682 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 016ZM UT WOS:000235663900025 ER PT J AU Shaing, KC Spong, DA AF Shaing, KC Spong, DA TI Magnetic island induced bootstrap current on island dynamics in tokamaks SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID TOROIDAL CONFINEMENT SYSTEMS; NEOCLASSICAL TEARING MODES; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; PLASMA TRANSPORT; FLUCTUATIONS; SATURATION; VISCOSITY; EVOLUTION; PRESSURE; REGIME AB When a magnetic island is embedded in toroidally symmetric tokamaks, the toroidal symmetry in vertical bar B vertical bar is broken [K. C. Shaing, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 245003 (2001)]. Here, B is the magnetic field. This broken symmetry induces an additional bootstrap current density in the vicinity of the island. It is illustrated that this island induced bootstrap current density modifies the island evolution equation and imposes a lower limit on the absolute value of the tearing mode stability parameter vertical bar Delta'vertical bar for the island to be unstable. This lower limit depends on the local poloidal plasma beta beta p, the ratio of the plasma pressure to the poloidal magnetic field pressure. If beta p is high enough, the magnetic island is stable. This mechanism provides an alternative route to stabilize the island. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Shaing, KC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Spong, Donald/C-6887-2012 OI Spong, Donald/0000-0003-2370-1873 NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2006 VL 13 IS 2 AR 022501 DI 10.1063/1.2169773 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 016ZM UT WOS:000235663900024 ER PT J AU Catto, P Porkolab, M Hirshman, S AF Catto, P Porkolab, M Hirshman, S TI Dieter Joseph Sigmar SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Catto, P (reprint author), MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD FEB PY 2006 VL 59 IS 2 BP 68 EP 70 DI 10.1063/1.2186291 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 010TS UT WOS:000235221400018 ER PT J AU Crease, RP AF Crease, RP TI Critical Point Curing anosognosia SO PHYSICS WORLD LA English DT Editorial Material C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Crease, RP (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM rcrease@notes.cc.sunysb.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8585 J9 PHYS WORLD JI Phys. World PD FEB PY 2006 VL 19 IS 2 BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 016OO UT WOS:000235629800032 ER PT J AU Szego, K Young, DT Bagdonat, T Barraclough, B Berthelier, JJ Coates, AJ Crary, FJ Dougherty, MK Erdos, G Gurnett, DA Kurth, WS Opitz, A Rymer, A Thomsen, MF AF Szego, K Young, DT Bagdonat, T Barraclough, B Berthelier, JJ Coates, AJ Crary, FJ Dougherty, MK Erdos, G Gurnett, DA Kurth, WS Opitz, A Rymer, A Thomsen, MF TI A pre-shock event at Jupiter on 30 January 2001 SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE foot region; bow shock; firehose instability; planetary magnetospheres ID BOW SHOCK; JOVIAN MAGNETOPAUSE; HYBRID SIMULATION; SPECTROMETER; INSTABILITY; EARTH AB In this paper we analyze a pre-shock event that we observed in the foot region of the quasi-parallel bow shock (BS) that the Cassim spacecraft crossed on 30 January 2001, at about 1030 UT. Before crossing the BS, the incoming solar wind first decelerated, and then the bulk velocity both of the proton and o components increased, the flow accelerated and decelerated, heated and cooled several times. We characterize the plasma in the foot using the data measured by the magnetometer, the radio and plasma wave science (RPWS) instrument, and the Cassim plasma spectrometer (CAPS) being carried onboard the Cassini spacecraft, and analyze the observations. We argue that the velocity and temperature changes can be caused by firehose instabilities excited by ions reflected from the shock. We investigate another possibility, shocklet formation, to account for the observed features, but conclude that this explanation seems to be less likely. In the foot we also identified both backstreaming electrons and ions and electrostatic waves in the 100-1000 Hz range very likely excited by the backstrearning electrons. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Budapest, Hungary. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. Tech Univ Braunschweig, D-3300 Braunschweig, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Szego, K (reprint author), KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Budapest, Hungary. EM szego@rmki.kfki.hu RI Coates, Andrew/C-2396-2008; OI Coates, Andrew/0000-0002-6185-3125; Kurth, William/0000-0002-5471-6202 NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 54 IS 2 BP 200 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2005.10.011 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 015VN UT WOS:000235579400008 ER PT J AU Leakey, ADB Uribelarrea, M Ainsworth, EA Naidu, SL Rogers, A Ort, DR Long, SP AF Leakey, ADB Uribelarrea, M Ainsworth, EA Naidu, SL Rogers, A Ort, DR Long, SP TI Photosynthesis, productivity, and yield of maize are not affected by open-air elevation of CO2 concentration in the absence of drought SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; C-4 CEREAL SORGHUM; US CORN-BELT; GAS-EXCHANGE; ZEA-MAYS; DIFFUSIVE RESISTANCE; LEAF DEVELOPMENT; BOUNDARY-LAYER AB While increasing temperatures and altered soil moisture arising from climate change in the next 50 years are projected to decrease yield of food crops, elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]) is predicted to enhance yield and offset these detrimental factors. However, C-4 photosynthesis is usually saturated at current [CO2] and theoretically should not be stimulated under elevated [CO2]. Nevertheless, some controlled environment studies have reported direct stimulation of C-4 photosynthesis and productivity, as well as physiological acclimation, under elevated [CO2]. To test if these effects occur in the open air and within the Corn Belt, maize (Zea mays) was grown in ambient [CO2] (376 mu mol mol(-1)) and elevated [CO2] (550 mmol mol(-1)) using Free-Air Concentration Enrichment technology. The 2004 season had ideal growing conditions in which the crop did not experience water stress. In the absence of water stress, growth at elevated [CO2] did not stimulate photosynthesis, biomass, or yield. Nor was there any CO2 effect on the activity of key photosynthetic enzymes, or metabolic markers of carbon and nitrogen status. Stomatal conductance was lower (-34%) and soil moisture was higher (up to 31%), consistent with reduced crop water use. The results provide unique field evidence that photosynthesis and production of maize may be unaffected by rising [CO2] in the absence of drought. This suggests that rising [CO2] may not provide the full dividend to North American maize production anticipated in projections of future global food supply. C1 Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA, ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Leakey, ADB (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM leakey@life.uiuc.edu RI Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008; Rogers, Alistair/E-1177-2011; Leakey, Andrew/Q-9889-2016 OI Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164; Rogers, Alistair/0000-0001-9262-7430; Leakey, Andrew/0000-0001-6251-024X NR 69 TC 202 Z9 239 U1 15 U2 150 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 140 IS 2 BP 779 EP 790 DI 10.1104/pp.105.073957 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 010RY UT WOS:000235215000033 PM 16407441 ER PT J AU Umansky, MV Bulmer, RH Hill, DN LoDestro, LL McLean, HS Nevins, WM Ryutov, DD Woodruff, S AF Umansky, MV Bulmer, RH Hill, DN LoDestro, LL McLean, HS Nevins, WM Ryutov, DD Woodruff, S TI Modelling of magnetic perturbations and confinement in SSPX spheromak SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID STOCHASTIC BOUNDARIES; DRIVEN SPHEROMAK; RELAXATION; EQUILIBRIA; TRANSPORT; TOKAMAKS; SURFACES; PLASMA; FIELDS; PINCH AB The effects of magnetic perturbation on the quality of confinement in the sustained spheromak plasma experiment (SSPX) (Hooper E B et al 1999 Nucl. Fusion 39 863) are studied. The magnetic field is taken as a sum of an unperturbed axisymmetric magnetic field, B-0, calculated from a magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium, and a non-axisyrnmetric part, delta B, representing the effects of kinking perturbation of the central plasma column. Poincare maps show that flux surfaces are strongly affected by perturbations with delta B/B-0 >= 5%, with islands and stochastic regions covering a substantial part of plasma volume. The effective heat transport in the perturbed magnetic field, calculated by a Monte-Carlo procedure, is found to be consistent with the experimentally measured level of confinement. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Umansky, MV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD FEB PY 2006 VL 48 IS 2 BP 235 EP 244 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/48/2/005 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 017CR UT WOS:000235672200007 ER PT J AU Cuneo, ME Vesey, RA Bennett, GR Sinars, DB Stygar, WA Waisman, EM Porter, JL Rambo, PK Smith, IC Lebedev, SV Chittenden, JP Bliss, DE Nash, TJ Chandler, GA Afeyan, BB Yu, EP Campbell, RB Adams, RG Hanson, DL Mehlhorn, TA Matzen, MK AF Cuneo, ME Vesey, RA Bennett, GR Sinars, DB Stygar, WA Waisman, EM Porter, JL Rambo, PK Smith, IC Lebedev, SV Chittenden, JP Bliss, DE Nash, TJ Chandler, GA Afeyan, BB Yu, EP Campbell, RB Adams, RG Hanson, DL Mehlhorn, TA Matzen, MK TI Progress in symmetric ICF capsule implosions and wire-array z-pinch source physics for double-pinch-driven hohlraums SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd European-Physical-Society Conference on Plasma Physics CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2005 CL Tarragona, SPAIN SP European Phys Soc ID INERTIAL-CONFINEMENT-FUSION; ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS; X-RAY SOURCE; NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY; PLASMA FORMATION; DYNAMIC-HOHLRAUMS; TARGET PHYSICS; 2-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS; TRANSMISSION GRATINGS; RADIATION SYMMETRY AB Over the last several years, rapid progress has been made evaluating the double-z-pinch indirect-drive, inertial confinement fusion (ICF) high-yield target concept (Hammer et al 1999 Phys. Plasmas 6 2129). We have demonstrated efficient coupling of radiation from two wire-array-driven primary hohlraums to a secondary hohlraum that is large enough to drive a high yield ICF capsule. The secondary hohlraum is irradiated from two sides by z-pinches to produce low odd-mode radiation asymmetry. This double-pinch source is driven from a single electrical power feed (Cuneo et al 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 215004) on the 20 MA Z accelerator. The double z-pinch has imploded ICF capsules with even-mode radiation symmetry of 3.1 +/- 1.4% and to high capsule radial convergence ratios of 14-21 (Bennett et al 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 245002; Bennett et al 2003 Phys. Plasmas 10 3717; Vesey et al 2003 Phys. Plasmas 10 1854). Advances in wire-array physics at 20 MA are improving our understanding of z-pinch power scaling with increasing drive current. Techniques for shaping the z-pinch radiation pulse necessary for low adiabat capsule compression have also been demonstrated. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. Polymath Res Inc, Pleasanton, CA 94566 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800-1193, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mecuneo@sandia.gov NR 145 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 EI 1361-6587 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD FEB PY 2006 VL 48 IS 2 BP R1 EP R35 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/48/2/R01 PG 35 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 017CR UT WOS:000235672200002 ER PT J AU Berkery, JW Choueiri, EY AF Berkery, JW Choueiri, EY TI Basic mechanisms controlling the sweeping efficiency of propagating current sheets SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANNULAR SHOCK-TUBE; SCHLIEREN PHOTOGRAPHY; RAIL GUN; ACCELERATOR; PLASMA AB The basic mechanisms controlling the sweeping efficiency of propagating current sheets are investigated through experiments and analytical modelling. The sweeping efficiency of a current sheet in a parallel plate gas-fed pulsed plasma accelerator is defined as the ratio of the current sheet mass to the total available propellant mass. Permeability of neutrals through the sheet, and leakage of mass out of the sheet and into a cathode wake, decrease the sweeping efficiency. The sweeping efficiency of current sheets in argon, neon, helium and hydrogen propellants at different initial pressures was determined through measurements of sheet velocity with high speed photography and of sheet mass with laser interferometry. The mechanism that controls the sweeping efficiency of propagating current sheets was found to be an interplay of two processes: the flux of mass entering the sheet and the leakage of mass at the cathode, with the former dependent on the degree of permeability and the latter dependent on the level of ion current as determined by the ion Hall parameter. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Elect Prop & Plasma Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Berkery, JW (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM jwb2112@columbia.edu; choueiri@princeton.edu RI Berkery, John/B-7930-2011 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-0252 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 15 IS 1 BP 64 EP 71 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/15/1/010 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 020JD UT WOS:000235903900011 ER PT J AU Carlton, PM Farruggio, AP Dernburg, AF AF Carlton, Peter M. Farruggio, Alfonso P. Dernburg, Abby F. TI A link between meiotic prophase progression and crossover control SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID DAMAGE CHECKPOINT PROTEIN; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; C-ELEGANS; X-CHROMOSOME; CROSSING-OVER; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; RECOMBINATION; MEIOSIS; SYNAPSIS; INTERFERENCE AB During meiosis, most organisms ensure that homologous chromosomes undergo at least one exchange of DNA, or crossover, to link chromosomes together and accomplish proper segregation. How each chromosome receives a minimum of one crossover is unknown. During early meiosis in Caenorhabditis elegans and many other species, chromosomes adopt a polarized organization within the nucleus, which normally disappears upon completion of homolog synapsis. Mutations that impair synapsis even between a single pair of chromosomes in C. elegans delay this nuclear reorganization. We quantified this delay by developing a classification scheme for discrete stages of meiosis. Immunofluorescence localization of RAD-51 protein revealed that delayed meiotic cells also contained persistent recombination intermediates. Through genetic analysis, we found that this cytological delay in meiotic progression requires double-strand breaks and the function of the crossover-promoting heteroduplex HIM-14 (Msh4) and MSH-5. Failure of X chromosome synapsis also resulted in impaired crossover control on autosomes, which may result from greater numbers and persistence of recombination intermediates in the delayed nuclei. We conclude that maturation of recombination events on chromosomes promotes meiotic progression, and is coupled to the regulation of crossover number and placement. Our results have broad implications for the interpretation of meiotic mutants, as we have shown that asynapsis of a single chromosome pair can exert global effects on meiotic progression and recombination frequency. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dernburg, AF (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM afdernburg@lbl.gov OI Carlton, Peter/0000-0002-5320-6024; Dernburg, Abby/0000-0001-8037-1079 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA655591-01]; NHLBI NIH HHS [T32 HL007279, 5T32HL007279-24]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM655591-01] NR 41 TC 33 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7390 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 2 IS 2 BP 119 EP 128 AR e12 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.0020012 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 070BC UT WOS:000239494300004 PM 16462941 ER PT J AU Patel, M Morrell, PR Murphy, JJ Skinner, A Maxwell, RS AF Patel, M Morrell, PR Murphy, JJ Skinner, A Maxwell, RS TI Gamma radiation induced effects on silica and on silica-polymer interfacial interactions in filled polysiloxane rubber SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article DE filled polysiloxane rubber; paramagnetic species; gamma radiation; silica-polymer interactions ID SUSPENSIONS AB We report in our studies to assess the impact of gamma radiation oil silica and oil the silica-polymer interface in filled polysiloxane rubber. Electron spin resonance (ESR) and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) Studies have been performed on samples exposed to gamma radiation, In an effort to probe directly the effect of gamma radiation oil the silica surface, we employed H-1 and Si-29 NMR. Our ESR studies show trapped paramagnetic species (positive holes and or trapped electrons) within the host silica matrix for all samples exposed to gamma radiation. A sample of pure cab-o-sil irradiated to a dose of 50 kGy also shows an ESR signal. Our studies on real-time aged samples (derived from field trials) also show ESR signatures indicative of silica based trapped paramagnetic species. The growth of trapped paramagnetic species as it function of gamma dose was investigated. This shows that the build up of trapped species occurs rapidly at low gamma dose before reaching saturation at about 20-30 kGy. Radiation induced band gap excitation is the likely process leading to the creation of these paramagnetic species which may be trapped in regions of local charge deficit within the silica matrix. Species that are not trapped may take part in silica surface reactions leading to changes in filler-polymer interfacial interactions. NMR studies combined with ammonia modified swell studies have shown increased polymer segmental chain mobility (softening) it low gamma dose indicative of a possible reduction in filler-polymer interfacial interactions. For those samples exposed to high gamma dose, our ammonia modified swell studies suggest increased polymer-filler interactions presumably through silica-polymer crosslinking effects. Our H-1 and Si-29 NMR Studies on irradiated silica suggest that the silica surface is sensitive to gamma radiation, Our observations are important as they highlight the need to better control the quality (size, purity, etc.) of the silica constituent in filled polymer components used in gamma radiation environments. Crown Copyright (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Atom Weapons Estab, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Patel, M (reprint author), Atom Weapons Estab, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. EM mogon.patel@awe.co.uk NR 18 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 91 IS 2 BP 406 EP 413 DI 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.03.015 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 991DC UT WOS:000233791500024 ER PT J AU Hsu, PC DeHaven, M McClelland, M Maienschein, L AF Hsu, PC DeHaven, M McClelland, M Maienschein, L TI Thermal damage on LX-04 mock material and gas permeability assessment SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE gas permeability; thermal damage; mock material; LX-04 AB RM-04-BR, a mock material for the plastic-bonded HMX-based explosive LX-04, is characterized after being thermally damaged at 140 degrees C and 190 degrees C. We measured the following material properties before and after the thermal experiments: sample volume, density, sound speed, and gas permeability in the material. Thermal treatment of the mock material leads to decoloring and insignificant weight loss. The sample expanded, resulting in density reductions of 1.0% to 2.5% at 140 degrees C and 190 degrees C, respectively. Permeability in the mock samples was found to increase from 10(-16) to 10(-15) m(2), as the porosity increased. The permeability measurements are well represented by the Blake-Kozeny equation for laminar flow through porous media. The results are similar to the gas permeability in PBX-9501 obtained by other researchers [1, 2]. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hsu, PC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-282,POB 808,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hsu7@llnl.gov NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 31 IS 1 BP 56 EP 60 DI 10.1002/prep.200600009 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 019CU UT WOS:000235814000008 ER PT J AU Kim, JS Shin, DH Pufan, R Huang, C Yokota, H Kim, R Kim, SH AF Kim, JS Shin, DH Pufan, R Huang, C Yokota, H Kim, R Kim, SH TI Crystal structure of ScpB from Chlorobium tepidum, a protein involved in chromosome partitioning SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE crystal structure; Chlorobium tepidum; chromosome partitioning ID SMC PROTEINS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ABC-ATPASE; DNA; DOMAIN; CRYSTALLIZATION; MAINTENANCE; COMPLEX; MUKB AB Structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) proteins are essential in chromosome condensation and interact with non-SMC proteins in eukaryotes and with segregation and condensation proteins (ScpA and ScpB) in prokaryotes. The highly conserved gene in Chlorobium tepidum gi 21646405 encodes ScpB (ScpB ChTe). The high resolution crystal structure of ScpB ChTe shows that the monomeric structure consists of two similarly shaped globular domains composed of three helices sided by beta-strands [a winged helix-turn-helix (HTH)], a motif observed in the C-terminal domain of Sccl, a functionally related eukaryotic ScpA homolog, as well as in many DNA binding proteins. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley Struct Genom Ctr, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM shkim@lbl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 62412] NR 31 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 62 IS 2 BP 322 EP 328 DI 10.1002/prot.20751 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 000CP UT WOS:000234438800003 PM 16294331 ER PT J AU Chandonia, JM Kim, SH Brenner, SE AF Chandonia, JM Kim, SH Brenner, SE TI Target selection and deselection at the Berkeley Structural Genomics Center SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Mycoplasma genitalium ID MYCOPLASMA-GENITALIUM; PSI-BLAST; RIBOSOMAL-SUBUNIT; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; TRYPTOPHAN CODON; PROTEIN; PNEUMONIAE; DATABASE; ANNOTATION; SEQUENCES AB At the Berkeley Structural Genomics Center (BSGC), our goal is to obtain a nearcomplete structural complement of proteins in the minimal organisms Mycoplasma genitalium and M. pneumoniae, two closely related pathogens. Current targets for structure determination have been selected in six major stages, starting with those predicted to be most tractable to high throughput study and likely to yield new structural information. We report on the process used to select these proteins, as well as our target deselection procedure. Target deselection reduces experimental effort by eliminating targets similar to those recently solved by the structural biology community or other centers. We measure the impact of the 69 structures solved at the BSGC as of July 2004 on structure prediction coverage of the M. pneumoniae and M. genitalium proteomes. The number of Mycoplasma proteins for which the fold could first be reliably assigned based on structures solved at the BSGC (24 M. pneumoniae and 21 M. genitalium) is approximately 25% of the total resulting from work at all structural genomics centers and the worldwide structural biology community (94 M. pneumoniae and 86 M. genitalium) during the same period. As the number of structures contributed by the BSGC during that period is less than 1% of the total worldwide output, the benefits of a focused target selection strategy are apparent. If the structures of all current targets were solved, the percentage of M. pneumoniae proteins for which folds could be reliably assigned would increase from approximately 57% (391 of 687) at present to around 80% (550 of 687), and the percentage of the proteome that could be accurately modeled would increase from around 37% (254 of 687) to about 64% (438 of 687). In M. genitalium, the percentage of the proteome that could be structurally annotated based on structures of our remaining targets would rise from 72% (348 of 486) to around 76% (371 of 486), with the percentage of accurately modeled proteins would rise from 50% (243 of 486) to 58% (283 of 486). Sequences and data on experimental progress on our targets are available in the public databases TargetDB and PEPCdb. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley Struct Genom Ctr, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Brenner, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, 461A Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM brenner@compbio.berkeley.edu RI Brenner, Steven/A-8729-2008 OI Brenner, Steven/0000-0001-7559-6185 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [1-K22-HG00056]; NIGMS NIH HHS [1-P50-GM62412] NR 61 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 62 IS 2 BP 356 EP 370 DI 10.1002/prot.20674 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 000CP UT WOS:000234438800007 PM 16276528 ER PT J AU Werner, K Herwig, F AF Werner, K Herwig, F TI The elemental abundances in bare planetary nebula central stars and the shell burning in AGB stars SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Review ID GIANT BRANCH STARS; INTERMEDIATE-MASS STARS; PULSATING PG-1159 STARS; EARTH TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS; DEFICIENT CENTRAL STARS; EXTREME HELIUM STARS; WC CENTRAL STARS; DA WHITE-DWARFS; PG 1159 STARS; SAKURAIS-OBJECT AB We review the observed properties of extremely hot, hydrogen-deficient post-asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars of spectral type [WC] and PG1159. Their H deficiency is probably caused by a (very) late helium-shell flash or an AGB final thermal pulse, laying bare interior stellar regions that are usually kept hidden below the hydrogen envelope. Thus, the photospheric elemental abundances of these stars allow us to draw conclusions about details of nuclear burning and mixing processes in the precursor AGB stars. We summarize the state of the art of stellar evolution models that simulate AGB evolution and the occurrence of a late He- shell flash. We compare predicted elemental abundances to those determined by quantitative spectral analyses performed with advanced non- LTE model atmospheres. Good qualitative and quantitative agreement is found. Future work can contribute to an even more complete picture of the nuclear processes in AGB stars. C1 Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Astrophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. EM werner@astro.uni-tuebingen.de; fherwig@lanl.gov NR 144 TC 204 Z9 204 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 EI 1538-3873 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 118 IS 840 BP 183 EP 204 DI 10.1086/500443 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 017BU UT WOS:000235669900001 ER PT J AU Davis, TM Schmidt, BP Kim, AG AF Davis, TM Schmidt, BP Kim, AG TI Ideal bandpasses for type Ia supernova cosmology SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID PARAMETER; DUST AB To use Type Ia supernovae as standard candles for cosmology, we need accurate broadband magnitudes. In practice the observed magnitude may differ from the ideal magnitude-redshift relationship either through intrinsic inhomogeneities in the Type Ia supernova population, or through observational error. Here we investigate how we can choose filter bandpasses to reduce the error caused by both these effects. We find that bandpasses with large integral fluxes and sloping wings are best able to minimize several sources of observational error, and are also least sensitive to intrinsic differences in Type Ia supernovae. The most important feature of a complete filter set for Type Ia supernova cosmology is that each bandpass be a redshifted copy of the first. We design practical sets of redshifted bandpasses that are matched to typical high- resistivity CCD and HgCdTe infrared detector sensitivities. These are designed to minimize systematic error in well- observed supernovae; final designs for specific missions should also consider signal- to- noise ratio requirements and observing strategy. In addition, we calculate how accurately filters need to be calibrated in order to achieve the required photometric accuracy of future supernova cosmology experiments, such as the Supernova/ Acceleration Probe (SNAP), which is one possible realization of the Joint Dark Energy Mission (JDEM). We consider the effect of possible periodic miscalibrations that may arise from the construction of an interference filter. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. RP Davis, TM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tamarad@mso.anu.edu.au; brian@mso.anu.edu.au; agkim@lbl.gov RI Davis, Tamara/A-4280-2008; OI Davis, Tamara/0000-0002-4213-8783; Schmidt, Brian/0000-0001-6589-1287; Schmidt, Brian/0000-0002-8538-9195 NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 118 IS 840 BP 205 EP 217 DI 10.1086/499116 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 017BU UT WOS:000235669900002 ER PT J AU Wizinowich, PL Le Mignant, D Bouchez, AH Campbell, RD Chin, JCY Contos, AR van Dam, MA Hartman, SK Johansson, EM Lafon, RE Lewis, H Stomski, PJ Summers, DM AF Wizinowich, PL Le Mignant, D Bouchez, AH Campbell, RD Chin, JCY Contos, AR van Dam, MA Hartman, SK Johansson, EM Lafon, RE Lewis, H Stomski, PJ Summers, DM TI The W. M. Keck Observatory laser guide star adaptive optics system: Overview SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID II-TELESCOPE; MAUNA-KEA; PERFORMANCE; SPECTROGRAPH; DISCOVERY; SCIENCE; DESIGN; HAWAII; LIGHT AB The Keck Observatory began science observations with a laser guide star adaptive optics system, the first such system on an 8-10 m class telescope, in late 2004. This new capability greatly extends the scientific potential of the Keck II Telescope, allowing near-diffraction-limited observations in the near-infrared using natural guide stars as faint as 19th magnitude. This paper describes the conceptual approach and technical implementation followed for this system, including lessons learned, and provides an overview of the early science capabilities. C1 WM Keck Observ, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wizinowich, PL (reprint author), WM Keck Observ, 65-1120 Mamalahoa Highway, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. EM peterw@keck.hawaii.edu OI Max, Claire/0000-0003-0682-5436 NR 30 TC 270 Z9 271 U1 1 U2 21 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 118 IS 840 BP 297 EP 309 DI 10.1086/499290 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 017BU UT WOS:000235669900010 ER PT J AU Staiger, JW Gosse, J Little, EC Utting, DJ Finkel, R Johnson, JV Fastook, J AF Staiger, Jane Willenbring Gosse, John Little, Edward C. Utting, Daniel J. Finkel, Robert Johnson, Jesse V. Fastook, James TI Glacial erosion and sediment dispersion from detrital cosmogenic nuclide analyses of till SO QUATERNARY GEOCHRONOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cosmogenic; glacial; erosion; warm-based; cold-based; ice; drift prospecting; TCN; till production; glacial erosion; basal thermal regime ID EASTERN BAFFIN-ISLAND; FINITE-ELEMENT MODEL; ARCTIC CANADA; ICE SHEETS; PRODUCTION-RATES; ANTARCTICA; BE-10; AL-26; AGE; PRESERVATION AB Field evidence based on sedimentology, geomorphology, and sediment provenance, supported by thermo-mechanical ice sheet model simulations, are used to classify the thermal regime of paleo-ice cover in northern central Baffin and evaluate the spatial and temporal variability of those conditions. A new means to identify paleo-glacier polythermal conditions from the measurement of terrestrial in situ cosmogenic nuclides (TCN) in till was developed to test the assertion that glacial erosion and till production are partially controlled by the thermal regime at the base of a glacier. Concentrations of cosmogenic Be-10 and Al-26 in 19 till samples from north central Baffin Island reflect the spatial pattern of areas classified as warm-based or cold-based (end member) systems. An ice sheet simulation of bed conditions produces the same pattern. The Al-26/Be-10 ratio is also used to confirm the long cold-based ice burial histories of surfaces that have not been significantly eroded. The data suggest that till and regolith near the current terminus of the Oliver Glacier preserve a record of > 3 Ma of continuous glacial cover. In three localities resembling intermediate cases (i.e., where field observations yield conflicting interpretations of basal thermal regime), the TCN concentrations and Al-26/Be-10 reveal that the surface experienced a combination of cold-based ice burial and glacial erosion. When coupled with a high-resolution ice sheet model, the Be-10 concentrations in till provide a more robust means of establishing the temporal and spatial variability in glacial erosion, and can be an important new tool for mineral exploration in glaciated terrain. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Dalhousie Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. Canada Nunavut Geosci Off, Iqaluit, NU X0A 0H, Canada. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Montana, Dept Comp Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Comp Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Staiger, JW (reprint author), Natl Ctr Earth Surface Dynam, St Anthony Falls Lab, 2 Third Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. EM jstaiger@umn.edu RI Gosse, John/B-4934-2012; Willenbring, Jane/B-6431-2011 OI Willenbring, Jane/0000-0003-2722-9537 NR 62 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1871-1014 J9 QUAT GEOCHRONOL JI Quat. Geochronol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 1 IS 1 BP 29 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.quageo.2006.06.009 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 176FD UT WOS:000247069000005 ER PT J AU Miller, GH Briner, JP Lifton, NA Finkel, RC AF Miller, Gifford H. Briner, Jason P. Lifton, Nathaniel A. Finkel, Robert C. TI Limited ice-sheet erosion and complex in situ cosmogenic Be-10, Al-26, and C-14 on Baffin Island, Arctic Canada SO QUATERNARY GEOCHRONOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating; arctic; Baffin island; glacial history; interglaciation; erosion ID PRODUCTION-RATES; GLACIAL CYCLES; EXPOSURE AGES; LANDSCAPES; QUARTZ; TORS; RADIONUCLIDES; OVERRIDDEN; LANDSLIDE; NUCLIDES AB Discordant cosmogenic nuclide exposure ages derived from Be-10, Al-26, and C-14 extracted from quartz in rocky summits along the eastern rim of the central Baffin Island plateau provide constraints on the efficiency of erosion by the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) and on the timing and duration of ice-free conditions in the eastern Canadian Arctic. In situ C-14 records the duration of exposure during the present interglaciation; any previously acquired C-14 decayed below detection limits beneath thick LIS during the last glaciation. The in situ C-14 exposure ages for two samples adjacent to a cold-based local ice cap are significantly less than for a nearby ice-free summit, suggesting that an expanded local ice cap shielded the ice-adjacent sites for at least 800 years, longer than the duration of the Little Ice Age. Disequilibrium between Be-10 and Al-26 concentrations in the same samples can be realistically explained by brief (ca. 10 kyr) intervals of exposure during peak interglacials (MIS 11, 9, 7, 5e, and 1), separated by long (ca. 50-100 kyr) intervals of complete shielding by the LIS. The lack of glacial erosion for at least the past 400kyr suggests that the LIS was frozen to its bed across much of Baffin Island throughout the Middle and Late Quaternary. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, NSF Arizona Mass Spectrometry Facil, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Miller, GH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM gmiller@colorado.edu RI Lifton, Nathaniel/M-2017-2015 OI Lifton, Nathaniel/0000-0002-6976-3298 NR 53 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1871-1014 J9 QUAT GEOCHRONOL JI Quat. Geochronol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 1 IS 1 BP 74 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.quageo.2006.06.011 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 176FD UT WOS:000247069000008 ER PT J AU Hada, M Sutherland, BM AF Hada, M Sutherland, BM TI Spectrum of complex DNA damages depends on the incident radiation SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COLI ENDONUCLEASE-IV; DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; AVERAGE LENGTH ANALYSIS; IONIZING-RADIATION; OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; ABASIC SITES; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; REPAIR ENDONUCLEASES; EXONUCLEASE-III; FPG PROTEIN AB Ionizing radiation induces bistranded clustered damages-two or more abasic sites, oxidized bases and strand breaks on opposite DNA strands within a few helical turns. Since clusters are refractory to repair and are potential sources of double-strand breaks (DSBs), they are potentially lethal and mutagenic. Although induction of single-strand breaks (SSBs) and isolated lesions has been studied extensively, little is known about the factors affecting induction of clusters other than DSBs. To determine whether the type of incident radiation could affect the yields or spectra of specific clusters, we irradiated genomic T7 DNA, a simple 40-kbp linear, blunt-ended molecule, with ion beams [iron (970 MeV/nucleon), carbon (293 MeV/nucleon), titanium (980 MeV/nucleon), silicon (586 MeV/nucleon), protons (1 GeV/nucleon)] or 100 kVp X rays and then quantified DSBs, Fpg-oxypurine clusters and Nfo-abasic clusters using gel electrophoresis, electronic imaging and number average length analysis. The yields (damages/Mbp Gy(-1)) of all damages decreased with increasing linear energy transfer (LET) of the radiation. The relative frequencies of DSBs compared to abasic and oxybase clusters were higher for the charged particles-including the high-energy, low-LET protons-than for the ionizing photons. (c) 2006 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sutherland, BM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Bldg 463, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM bms@bnl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA86897] NR 37 TC 82 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 3 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BOULEVARD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 165 IS 2 BP 223 EP 230 DI 10.1667/RR3498.1 PG 8 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 005BG UT WOS:000234796500011 PM 16435920 ER PT J AU Lehmann, J Stern, RL Daly, TP Rocke, DM Schwietert, CW Jones, GE Arnold, ML Siantar, CLH Goldberg, Z AF Lehmann, J Stern, RL Daly, TP Rocke, DM Schwietert, CW Jones, GE Arnold, ML Siantar, CLH Goldberg, Z TI Dosimetry for quantitative analysis of the effects of low-dose ionizing radiation in radiation therapy patients SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering CY AUG 24-29, 2003 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA ID PHOTON BEAMS; MULTILEAF COLLIMATION; SECONDARY RADIATION; RADIOTHERAPY BEAMS; TREATMENT FIELD; DISTRIBUTIONS; 10-MV; RAYS AB We have developed and validated a practical approach to identifying the location on the skin surface that will receive a prespecified biopsy dose (ranging down to 1 cGy) in support of in vivo biological dosimetry in humans. This represents a significant technical challenge since the sites lie on the patient's surface outside the radiation fields. The PEREGRINE Monte Carlo simulation system was used to model radiation dose delivery, and TLDs were used for validation on phantoms and for confirmation during patient treatment. In the developmental studies, the Monte Carlo simulations consistently underestimated the dose at the biopsy site by approximately 15% (of the local dose) for a realistic treatment configuration, most likely due to lack of detail in the simulation of the linear accelerator outside the main beam line. Using a single, thickness-independent correction factor for the clinical calculations, the average of 36 measurements for the predicted 1-cGy point was 0.985 cGy (standard deviation: 0.110 cGy) despite patient breathing motion and other real-world challenges. Since the 10-cGy point is situated in the region of high-dose gradient at the edge of the field, patient motion had a greater effect, and the six measured points averaged 5.90 cGy (standard deviation: 1.01 cGy), a difference that is equivalent to approximately a 6-mm shift on the patient's surface. (c) 2006 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Canc, Dept Radiat Oncol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Inst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Canc, Div Biostat, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Canc, Dept Appl Sci, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Hazards Control & Safety Program, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Lehmann, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Canc, Dept Radiat Oncol, 4501 X St,Suite G 140, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM lehmann@ucdavis.edu RI Rocke, David/I-7044-2013 OI Rocke, David/0000-0002-3958-7318 NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BOULEVARD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 165 IS 2 BP 240 EP 247 DI 10.1667/RR3480.1 PG 8 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 005BG UT WOS:000234796500013 PM 16435922 ER PT J AU Williams, GP AF Williams, GP TI Filling the THz gap - high power sources and applications SO REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID COHERENT SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; FREE-ELECTRON LASER; LIGHT-SOURCE; TRANSITION RADIATION; TERAHERTZ RADIATION; INFRARED EDGE; EMISSION; MEDIA; BEAM AB Electromagnetic waves centred at a frequency of 1 THz lie between photonics on the one hand and electronics on the other, and are very hard to generate and detect. However, since the THz part of the spectrum is energetically equivalent to many important physical, chemical and biological processes including superconducting gaps and protein dynamical processes, it is of great interest to facilitate experimental research in this region. This has stimulated major steps in the past decade for filling this gap in the usable spectrum. In this review paper we describe the evolution of a new generation of sources that boost the average power available in the THz region by more than a million-fold, making this region routinely accessible for the first time. This is achieved using two enhancement factors, namely relativistic electrons and super-radiance. We will also point to the scientific potential for discovery that is now enabled in this region. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Williams, GP (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 54 TC 133 Z9 138 U1 8 U2 66 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0034-4885 J9 REP PROG PHYS JI Rep. Prog. Phys. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 69 IS 2 BP 301 EP 326 DI 10.1088/0034-4885/69/2/R01 PG 26 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 018YA UT WOS:000235799500001 ER PT J AU Bare, SR Mickelson, GE Modica, FS Ringwelski, AZ Yang, N AF Bare, SR Mickelson, GE Modica, FS Ringwelski, AZ Yang, N TI Simple flow through reaction cells for in situ transmission and fluorescence x-ray-absorption spectroscopy of heterogeneous catalysts SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID FINE-STRUCTURE; INSITU CELL; DIFFRACTION AB We report on the design of both transmission and fluorescence x-ray-absorption spectroscopy cells suitable for in situ characterization of heterogeneous catalysts. The heart of both cells is a quartz tube used to house the catalyst sample. Both cells allow in situ x-ray-absorption fine-structure (XAFS) data to be recorded from -196 to 825 degrees C using a wide range of gas flows at atmospheric pressure. Excellent temperature control is demonstrated with both designs. XAFS data can be recorded over a wide x-ray energy range (2.1-29 keV). These designs are simple, robust, relatively low cost, and, moreover, are reliable and easy to operate. All of the critical components of the transmission reactor can be purchased commercially, with little machining required. The design of the fluorescence reactor requires access to a skilled glass blower. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 UOP LLC, Des Plaines, IL 60017 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP UOP LLC, Des Plaines, IL 60017 USA. EM simon.bare@uop.com OI Bare, Simon/0000-0002-4932-0342 NR 17 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 77 IS 2 AR 023105 DI 10.1063/1.2168685 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 016ZP UT WOS:000235664200006 ER PT J AU Batygin, YK AF Batygin, YK TI Beam dynamics in a spectrometer for the polarized positron production experiment SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB The proposed experiment E-166 at SLAC is designed to demonstrate the possibility of producing longitudinally polarized positrons from circularly polarized photons to be used in future linear collider. The experimental setup utilizes a low emittance 50 GeV electron beam passing through a helical undulator in the final focus test beam line of the SLAC accelerator. Circularly polarized photons generated by the electron beam in the undulator hit a target and produce electron-positron pairs. The purpose of the post-target spectrometer is to select the positron beam and to deliver it to a polarimeter while keeping the positron beam polarization as high as possible. This article analyzes positron transmission and polarization in the E-166 spectrometer experiment. The positron transmission has a maximum value of 7% for a positron beam energy of 5.5 MeV, while positron polarization is approximately 60%. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Batygin, YK (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM batygin@slac.stanford.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 77 IS 2 AR 023301 DI 10.1063/1.2168676 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 016ZP UT WOS:000235664200010 ER PT J AU Beer, SK Woodruff, SD Dera, TM Tucker, MS AF Beer, SK Woodruff, SD Dera, TM Tucker, MS TI Near-IR imaging system for measuring temperatures in a low-NOx combustor SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID PASSIVE CONTROL; INSTABILITY; PYROMETRY; DYNAMICS AB A system to measure temperatures O(1500 K) in the fused quartz liner of a research combustor is discussed. A standard black/white charge-coupled device camera was used with an 800 nm bandpass filter to thermally image high-emissivity paint strips on the inside and outside surfaces of the liner, a requirement for heat-flow model evaluations. Signals were viewed in real time with a framegrabber and simultaneously recorded to videotape for postrun analysis. This system is inexpensive compared to commercial mid- and long-wave IR thermal imagers and more sensitive to temperature differences through the use of bandpass filters for spectral selection of near-infrared wavelengths. C1 US DOE, Off Sci & Technol, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Beer, SK (reprint author), US DOE, Off Sci & Technol, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM sbeer@netl.doe.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 77 IS 2 AR 026103 DI 10.1063/1.2170080 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 016ZP UT WOS:000235664200042 ER PT J AU Bogen, KT Jones, ED AF Bogen, KT Jones, ED TI Risks of mortality and morbidity from worldwide terrorism: 1968-2004 SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE extreme value; generalized Pareto; homeland security; modeling ID HIGHLY OPTIMIZED TOLERANCE; INEQUALITY; INJURY AB Worldwide data on terrorist incidents between 1968 and 2004 gathered by the RAND Corporation and the Oklahoma City National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism (MIPT) were assessed for patterns and trends in morbidity/mortality. Adjusted data analyzed involve a total of 19,828 events, 7,401 "adverse" events (each causing >= 1 victim), and 86,568 "casualties" (injuries), of which 25,408 were fatal. Most terror-related adverse events, casualties, and deaths involved bombs and guns. Weapon-specific patterns and terror-related risk levels in Israel (IS) have differed markedly from those of all other regions combined (OR). IS had a fatal fraction of casualties about half that of OR, but has experienced relatively constant lifetime terror-related casualty risks on the order of 0.5%-a level 2 to 3 orders of magnitude more than those experienced in OR that increased approximately 100-fold over the same period. Individual event fatality has increased steadily, the median increasing from 14% to 50%. Lorenz curves obtained indicate substantial dispersion among victim/event rates: about half of all victims were caused by the top 2.5% (or 10%) of harm-ranked events in OR (or IS). Extreme values of victim/event rates were approximated fairly well by generalized Pareto models (typically used to fit to data on forest fires, sea levels, earthquakes, etc.). These results were in turn used to forecast maximum OR- and IS-specific victims/event rates through 2080, illustrating empirically-based methods that could be applied to improve strategies to assess, prevent, and manage terror-related risks and consequences. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Risk & Response Management Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bogen, KT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, L-396,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bogen@LLNL.gov NR 34 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 26 IS 1 BP 45 EP 59 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00706.x PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 014GQ UT WOS:000235468000010 PM 16492180 ER PT J AU Chmiel, NH Rio, DC Doudna, JA AF Chmiel, NH Rio, DC Doudna, JA TI Distinct contributions of KH domains to substrate binding affinity of Drosophila P-element somatic inhibitor protein SO RNA-A PUBLICATION OF THE RNA SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE PSI; FMR1; KH domain; CD; alternative splicing ID PRE-MESSENGER-RNA; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; MENTAL-RETARDATION; REGULATORY PROTEIN; STRUCTURAL BASIS; FACTOR NUSA; PSI; RECOGNITION; EXPRESSION AB Drosophila P-element somatic inhibitor protein (PSI) regulates splicing of the P-element transposase pre-mRNA by binding a pseudo-splice site upstream of the authentic splice site using four tandem KH-type RNA binding motifs. While the binding domains and specificity of PSI have been established, little is known about the contributions of each PSI KH domain to overall protein stability and RNA binding affinity. Using a construct containing only the RNA binding domain of PSI (PSI-KH03), we introduced a physiologically relevant point mutation into each KH domain of PSI individually and measured stability and RNA binding affinity of the resulting mutant proteins. Although secondary structure, as measured by circular dichroism spectroscopy, is only subtly changed for each mutant protein relative to wild type, RNA binding affinity is reduced in each case. Mutations in the second or third KH domains of the protein are significantly more deleterious to substrate recognition than mutation of the outer (first and fourth) domains. These results show that despite the ability of a single KH domain to bind RNA in some systems, PSI requires multiple tandem KH domains for specific and high-affinity recognition of substrate RNA. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Doudna, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Doudna@berkeley.edu NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1355-8382 J9 RNA JI RNA-Publ. RNA Soc. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 12 IS 2 BP 283 EP 291 DI 10.1261/rna.2175706 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 011WX UT WOS:000235300400012 PM 16428607 ER PT J AU Fishbone, LG AF Fishbone, LG TI Halting the theft of nuclear materials SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Secur Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fishbone, LG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Secur Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 294 IS 2 BP 62 EP 62 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 004SU UT WOS:000234773300030 ER PT J AU Clausen, B Lee, SY Ustundag, E Kim, CP Brown, DW Bourke, MAM AF Clausen, B Lee, SY Ustundag, E Kim, CP Brown, DW Bourke, MAM TI Compressive deformation of in situ formed bulk metallic glass composites SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE metallic glass; composites; self-consistent modeling; mechanical properties; neutron diffraction ID PHASE DENDRITE DISPERSIONS; POWDER DIFFRACTION DATA; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; MATRIX COMPOSITES; RESIDUAL-STRESSES; REFINEMENT; TUNGSTEN; MICROSTRUCTURE; PRESSURE AB A bulk metallic glass matrix composite with dendritic second phase precipitates was investigated using neutron diffraction and self-consistent modeling (SCM) to ascertain its deformation mechanisms. The compressive behavior of both the composite and the second phase (in its monolithic form) were investigated. The diffraction data were compared to the predictions of a new SCM resulting in good agreement. For the first time, this model considered both amorphous and crystalline phases and allowed the calculation of single crystal elastic constants from polycrystalline diffraction data. It was shown that the ductile second phase yielded first upon loading, and this was followed by multiple shear band formation in the matrix, a process which enhanced the ductility of the composite. (c) 2005 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lujan Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Liquidmet Technol, Lake Forest, CA 92630 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ustundag, E (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM ustundag@iastate.edu RI Ustundag, Ersan/C-1258-2009; Clausen, Bjorn/B-3618-2015 OI Ustundag, Ersan/0000-0002-0812-7028; Clausen, Bjorn/0000-0003-3906-846X NR 31 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 54 IS 3 BP 343 EP 347 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2005.10.009 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 987CI UT WOS:000233495600006 ER PT J AU Nieh, TG Wadsworth, J AF Nieh, TG Wadsworth, J TI Homogeneous deformation of bulk metallic glasses SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE metallic glasses; crystallization; superplasticity ID SUPERCOOLED LIQUID REGION; STRAIN-RATE SUPERPLASTICITY; NI-P ALLOY; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; FLOW; BEHAVIOR; CREEP; STATE AB Homogeneous deformation of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) is reviewed. Homogeneous deformation usually takes place at temperatures near and above the glass transition temperature. The deformation behavior depends upon strain rate. At low strain rates, BMGs behave like a Newtonian fluid (m = 1) but plastic flow becomes non-Newtonian at high strain rates. The non-Newtonian behavior is a result of microstructural instability, namely, the concurrent formation of nanocrystals in the amorphous matrix during deformation. Despite the difference in deformation behavior, BMGs usually show large ductility (over 300%) at temperatures in the supercooled liquid region. (c) 2005 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nieh, TG (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM tnieh@utk.edu RI Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011 OI Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746 NR 36 TC 75 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 54 IS 3 BP 387 EP 392 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2005.04.052 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 987CI UT WOS:000233495600013 ER PT J AU Jiang, C Sordelet, DJ Gleeson, B AF Jiang, C Sordelet, DJ Gleeson, B TI A first-principles study of the site preference of Cr in B2NiAl SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE site preference; nickel aluminides; point defects ID THERMAL POINT-DEFECTS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; ATOMS; FEAL; TENSILE; TEMPERATURE; CRYSTALS; ENERGY; NIA1; CO AB First-principles calculations were performed to study the site preference of Cr in B2 NiAl. The Wagner-Schottky model was adopted to predict the finite temperature site occupancy behavior of Cr in B2 NiAl. Our calculations show that the site preference of Cr in B2 NiAl varies strongly with both alloy composition and temperature. (c) 2005 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US DOE, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jiang, C (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 3308 Gilman Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM chaoisu@iastate.edu RI Jiang, Chao/A-2546-2011 NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 54 IS 3 BP 405 EP 410 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2005.10.023 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 987CI UT WOS:000233495600016 ER PT J AU Pereloma, EV Timokhina, IB Russell, KF Miller, MK AF Pereloma, EV Timokhina, IB Russell, KF Miller, MK TI Characterization of clusters and ultrafine precipitates in Nb-containing C-Mn-Si steels SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE TRIP steels; thermomechanical processing; three-dimensional atom probe; clustering; transmission electron microscopy ID MICROSTRUCTURE; BAINITE; NIOBIUM; ALLOYS; COPPER AB Atom probe tomography was used to characterize the composition, sizes and distribution of Nb-, Fe-, Mo- and C-containing clusters and fine particles in thermomechanically processed CMnSi transformation induced plasticity steels, alloyed with Nb, Mo and/or Al. Nb-containing clusters and fine particles were detected in all the phases. The presence of C-rich clusters and significant increase of cluster density indicated that further decomposition of supersaturated retained austenite took place during isothermal hold at 450-500 degrees C. (c) 2005 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Monash Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pereloma, EV (reprint author), Monash Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM elena.pereloma@eng.monash.edu.au NR 18 TC 47 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 54 IS 3 BP 471 EP 476 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2005.10.008 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 987CI UT WOS:000233495600028 ER PT J AU Kim, HD Park, YJ Han, BD Park, MW Bae, WT Kim, YW Lin, HT Becher, PF AF Kim, HD Park, YJ Han, BD Park, MW Bae, WT Kim, YW Lin, HT Becher, PF TI Fabrication of dense bulk nano-Si3N4 ceramics without secondary crystalline phase SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE bulk nano-silicon nitride; grain growth; densification; two-step sintering ID FINE OXIDE POWDERS; NANOCRYSTALLINE GAMMA-AL2O3; GRAIN-GROWTH; SILICON-NITRIDE; ALUMINA; DENSIFICATION; PRESSURE; SYSTEM; SI3N4 AB A two-step sintering approach was developed to enhance densification with minimum grain growth for bulk nano-Si3N4 ceramics. Addition of Y2O3 changes the primary phase field, giving rise to beta-Si3N4 with nano-scale grain size and near full density without Si2N2O phase. (c) 2005 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Korea Inst Machinery & Mat, Chang Won 641010, Gyeongnam, South Korea. Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Jinju 660701, Gyeongnam, South Korea. Univ Seoul, Seoul 130748, South Korea. Univ Seoul, Seoul 130748, South Korea. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Korea Inst Machinery & Mat, 66 Sangnam Dong, Chang Won 641010, Gyeongnam, South Korea. EM khd1555@kmail.kimm.re.kr RI Kim, Young-Wook/C-3003-2009 OI Kim, Young-Wook/0000-0001-6275-0323 NR 30 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 54 IS 4 BP 615 EP 619 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2005.10.032 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 994JQ UT WOS:000234028400022 ER PT J AU Dove, JR Park, GH Farrar, CR AF Dove, JR Park, GH Farrar, CR TI Hardware design of hierarchal active-sensing networks for structural health monitoring SO SMART MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID VALIDATION; UNIT AB This paper presents the use of relay-based hardware in conjunction with piezoelectric active-sensing techniques for structural health monitoring in large-scale Structures. In many areas of active sensing technology, hundreds, even thousands, of sensors/actuators are needed to truly make health monitoring feasible in a real-world environment. Because interrogating such a large number of sensors is both time and cost prohibitive, it becomes necessary to develop a hardware system that can quickly and efficiently interrogate large numbers of the active sensors. In this work, we have developed a relay-based hardware that can serve as both a multiplexer and general-purpose signal router with special consideration given to piezoelectric active-sensing health monitoring approaches. We have also implemented this device as an expandable design that allows for easy scalability depending upon the size of the structure. Therefore, by using this hardware in Conjunction with a centralized monitoring station, any number of sensors can be monitored effectively. Preliminary testing of this hardware on a test structure has experimentally proven the feasibility and advantages. This paper summarizes the hardware design, scalability, and useful advantages given today's structural health monitoring techniques. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Applicat Div, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Park, GH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci Div, Mail Stop T001, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gpark@lanl.gov RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012; OI Farrar, Charles/0000-0001-6533-6996 NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 15 IS 1 SI SI BP 139 EP 146 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/15/042 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 012BP UT WOS:000235313500043 ER PT J AU Burakovsky, L Greef, CW Preston, DL AF Burakovsky, L Greef, CW Preston, DL TI More on shear modulus collapse of lattices at high pressure SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE density; electronic structure; shear modulus; pressure ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES AB In his recent paper, Shear modulus collapse of lattices at high pressure, J. Phys. Cond. Matt. 16 (2004) L125, V.V. Kechin claims that the zero temperature shear modulus of a metallic solid vanishes at a high critical pressure, and the critical pressures for this shear modulus collapse lie in the range 0-250 Mbar for elemental metals. Here we demonstrate that Kechin's arguments contain an erroneous assumption, and therefore, do not prove that all metals become mechanically unstable at high pressures. Ab initio calculations and experimental results on a number of solids are analyzed to confirm our conclusion. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Preston, DL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM burakov@lanl.gov; greeff@lanl.gov; dean@lanl.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 137 IS 8 BP 436 EP 440 DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2005.12.010 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 018FK UT WOS:000235749300008 ER PT J AU Bowers, CR Caldwell, JD Gusev, G Kovalev, AE Olshanetsky, E Reno, JL Simmons, JA Vitkalov, SA AF Bowers, CR Caldwell, JD Gusev, G Kovalev, AE Olshanetsky, E Reno, JL Simmons, JA Vitkalov, SA TI Dynamic nuclear polarization and nuclear magnetic resonance in the vicinity of edge states of a 2DES in GaAs quantum wells SO SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE quantum well; parabolic quantum well; ENDOR; two-dimensional electron system; quantum Hall effect; GaAs; DNP; fictitious spin-1/2; overtone transitions ID OPTICALLY PUMPED NMR; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; HIGH-RESOLUTION NMR; OPERATOR FORMALISM; SPIN; HETEROSTRUCTURES; RELAXATION; ANISOTROPY; SKYRMIONS; SPECTRA AB Nuclear magnetic resonance is detected via the in-plane conductivity of a two-dimensional electron system at unity Landau level filling factor in the regime of the quantum Hall effect in narrow and wide quantum wells. The NMR is spatially selective to nuclei with a coupling to electrons in the current carrying edge states at the perimeter of the 2DES. Interpretation of the electron-nuclear double resonance signals is facilitated by numerical simulations. A new RF swept method for conductivity-detected NMR is introduced which offers more efficient signal averaging. The method is applied to the study of electric quadrupole interactions, weakly allowed overtone transitions, and evaluation of the extent of electron wave function delocalization in the wide quantum well. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, State Coll, PA USA. Inst Semicond Phys, Novosibirsk, Russia. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. CUNY City Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Bowers, CR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem, POB 117200, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM cliff.bowers@gmail.com RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0926-2040 J9 SOLID STATE NUCL MAG JI Solid State Nucl. Magn. Reson. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1-3 BP 52 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2005.08.011 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 999VA UT WOS:000234417500005 PM 16216476 ER PT J AU Bowers, GM Lipton, AS Mueller, KT AF Bowers, GM Lipton, AS Mueller, KT TI High-field QCPMG NMR of strontium nuclei in natural minerals SO SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE strontium; QCPMG; quadrupolar coupling constant; asymmetry; strontianite; celestine; natural minerals; high-field solid-state NMR ID INTEGER QUADRUPOLAR NUCLEI; MAS NMR; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SIGNAL ENHANCEMENT; COHERENCE TRANSFER; SPIN SYSTEMS; SPECTROSCOPY; ARAGONITE; POPULATION; CELESTINE AB The only stable NMR-active isotope of strontium, Sr-87, is a spin-9/2 quadrupolar nucleus that has a low gyromagnetic ratio, a low natural abundance, and a large nuclear electric quadrupole moment. in this work, we utilize the quadrupolar Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (QCPMG) pulse sequence and a 21.14T NMR spectrometer at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory to characterize the strontium sites in the natural minerals strontianite (SrCO3) and celestine (SrSO4). QCPMG at 21.14T was found to provide sensitivity enhancements of roughly two orders of magnitude over Hahn-echo experiments at an 11.74T magnetic field. We extracted the quadrupolar parameters for the strontium nuclei through iterative simulations of the experimental spectra with the SIMPSON program by Bak, Rasmussen, and Nielsen. The data show that the quadrupolar parameters of Sr-87 appear to be highly sensitive to the symmetry of the strontium coordination environment and can thus provide information about the strontium binding environment in complex systems. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Mueller, KT (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, 104 Chem Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ktm2@psu.edu RI Mueller, Karl/A-3637-2010; OI Bowers, Geoffrey/0000-0003-4876-9305 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [EB002050] NR 44 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0926-2040 J9 SOLID STATE NUCL MAG JI Solid State Nucl. Magn. Reson. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1-3 BP 95 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2005.08.002 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 999VA UT WOS:000234417500010 PM 16169195 ER PT J AU Chen, Q Schmidt-Rohr, K AF Chen, Q Schmidt-Rohr, K TI Measurement of the local H-1 spin-diffusion coefficient in polymers SO SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE H-1 spin diffusion; domain sizes; REDOR; spin lock; polymers ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SOLID-STATE NMR; POLARIZATION TRANSFER; ROTATING SOLIDS; DOMAIN SIZES; C-13 NMR; BLENDS; SPECTROSCOPY; MISCIBILITY; CALIBRATION AB Proton spin diffusion is widely used to determine domain sizes in heterogeneous organic solids. For an accurate analysis, spin diffusion coefficients are required. However, in most cases they are not directly measured, but instead derived from model systems. The effects of magic-angle spinning (MAS), mobility, or spin-lock fields on spin-diffusion coefficients have also been difficult to quantify. In this work, direct measurement of local H-1 spin-diffusion coefficients in any rigid polymer is achieved in experiments with heteronuclear dephasing of the H-1 magnetization, a mixing time for H-1 spin diffusion, and C-13 detection after cross-polarization. In the presence of H-1 homonuclear decoupling and C-13 180 degrees-pulse recoupling, each C-13 spin dephases a significant number (3-20) of protons, depending on the dephasing time. For C-13 and other sufficiently dilute heteronuclei, the dephasing of the protons is described by simple spin-pair REDOR curves. As a result, every C-13 nucleus will "burn" a spherical hole of known diameter and profile into the proton magnetization distribution. H-1 spin diffusion into the hole during the mixing time can be monitored and simulated accurately for every resolved C-13 site, with the spin-diffusion coefficient as the only significant unknown parameter. By varying the dephasing time, holes with diameters of 0.4-0.8 nm can be burned into the proton magnetization profile and thus the dependence of the local spin-diffusion coefficients on the proton density or partial mobility can be explored. The effects of transverse or magic-angle spin-lock fields on spin diffusion can be quantified conveniently by this method. Analytical and numerical fits yield short-range spin-diffusion coefficients of 0.2-0.5 nm(2)/ms on the 0.5-nm scale, which is smaller than the value of 0.8 nm(2)/ms for organic solids previously measured on the 10-nm scale. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Schmidt-Rohr, K (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM srohr@iastate.edu NR 29 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0926-2040 J9 SOLID STATE NUCL MAG JI Solid State Nucl. Magn. Reson. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1-3 BP 142 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2005.09.008 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 999VA UT WOS:000234417500016 PM 16263249 ER PT J AU Lim, KH Nguyen, TN Damo, SM Mazur, T Ball, HL Prusiner, SB Pines, A Wemmer, DE AF Lim, KH Nguyen, TN Damo, SM Mazur, T Ball, HL Prusiner, SB Pines, A Wemmer, DE TI Solid-state NMR structural studies of the fibril form of a mutant mouse prion peptide PrP89-143(P101L) SO SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE prion; solid-state NMR; double-quantum NMR; multiple-quantum NMR; alignment; beta-helix ID BETA-AMYLOID FIBRILS; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; TRANSGENIC MICE; PROTEIN; PARALLEL; ANTIPARALLEL; RESIDUES; SHEET; IDENTIFICATION AB The peptide fragment 89-143 of the prion protein (carrying a P101L mutation) is biologically active in transgenic mice when in a fibrillar form. Injection of these fibrils into transgenic mice (expressing full length PrP with the P101L mutation) induces a neurodegenerative prion disease (Kaneko et al., J. Mol. Biol. 295 (2000) 997). Here we present solid-state NMR studies of PrP89-143(P101L) fibrils, probing the conformation of residues in the hydrophobic segment 112-124 with chemical shifts. The conformations of glycine residues were analyzed using doubly C-13 = 0 labeled peptides by two-dimensional (2D) double-quantum correlation, and double-quantum filtered dephasing distance measurements. MQ-NMR experiments were carried out to probe the relative alignment of the individual peptides fibrils. These NMR studies indicate that the 112-124 segment adopts an extended beta-sheet conformation, though not in a parallel, in register alignment. There is evidence for conformational variability at Gly 113. DQ correlation experiments provide useful information in regions with conformational heterogeneity. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Neurol Dis, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM dewemmer@lbl.gov FU NIA NIH HHS [AG10770] NR 34 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0926-2040 J9 SOLID STATE NUCL MAG JI Solid State Nucl. Magn. Reson. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1-3 BP 183 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2005.09.017 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 999VA UT WOS:000234417500020 PM 16256316 ER PT J AU Cho, H AF Cho, H TI 2-D homonuclear correlation and separated local field experiments for solids with strong homonuclear dipolar couplings SO SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE homonuclear decoupling; solid-state NMR; 2-D homonuclear correlation spectroscopy; separated local field spectroscopy ID MULTIPLE-PULSE NMR; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; STATE NMR; CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; COHERENCE TRANSFER; POWDERED SOLIDS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; SPIN DIFFUSION; HIGH-ORDER; PHASE AB An experiment for acquiring two-dimensional homonuclear correlation spectra of nuclei in solids in the presence of strong homonuclear dipolar couplings is described. The experiment utilizes a multiple-pulse homonuclear decoupling sequence with an effective precession axis parallel to the rotating frame z-axis during the evolution and detection periods. A multiple-pulse sequence that suppresses chemical shift and heteronuclear dipolar coupling evolution and scales the static homonuclear dipolar coupling is proposed for the mixing period. The evolution during the mixing period is analogous to the dynamics of the mixing period in solution-state TOCSY experiments, and can be interpreted as the oscillatory exchange of longitudinal magnetization between coupled spins. For nuclides with large gyromagnetic ratios, the static homonuclear dipolar interaction will be substantially larger than the mechanisms used to develop internuclear correlations in solution state 2-D experiments, which should make it possible to establish correlations over much longer distances and with significantly shorter mixing times. Extensions to separated local field experiments are discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab MS K898, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Cho, H (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab MS K898, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM hm.cho@pnl.gov NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0926-2040 J9 SOLID STATE NUCL MAG JI Solid State Nucl. Magn. Reson. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1-3 BP 219 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2005.10.013 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 999VA UT WOS:000234417500025 PM 16325381 ER PT J AU Jarrell, DB Bond, LJ AF Jarrell, DB Bond, LJ TI Physics-based prognostics for optimizing plant operations SO SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 59th Meeting of the Society-for-Machinery-Failure-Prevention-Technology CY APR, 2005 CL Virginia Beach, VA SP Soc Machinery Failure Prevent Technol AB Scientists at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) have optimized energy plant operation using DSOM (R) (Decision Support Operation and Maintenance) which has been deployed at several sites. This approach has been expanded to include a prognostics component and tested on a pilot-scale service water system modeled on the design employed in a nuclear power plant. A key element in plant optimization is understanding and controlling the aging process of safety-specific nuclear plant components. This article covers the development and demonstration of a physics-based approach to prognostic analysis that combines distributed computing, radio frequency data links, measurement of aging precursor metrics and their correlation with degradation rate and projected machine failure. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Jarrell, DB (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL PUBL INC PI BAY VILLAGE PA 27101 E OVIATT RD, PO BOX 40416, BAY VILLAGE, OH 44140 USA SN 1541-0161 J9 SOUND VIB JI Sound Vib. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 40 IS 2 BP 12 EP 15 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 024VH UT WOS:000236223900003 ER PT J AU He, J Zhong, WW Mahan, C Hang, W AF He, J Zhong, WW Mahan, C Hang, W TI Laser ablation and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer with orthogonal sample introduction and axial field rf-only quadrupole cooling SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE elemental analysis; direct solids analysis; laser ionization; mass spectrometry ID ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS; COLLISION CELL; SOLIDS; DISTRIBUTIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; METALS AB We describe a laser ablation and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer with orthogonal sample introduction and axial field rf-only quadrupole cooling device. Experimental results have shown the fairly uniform sensitivities for different metal elements, and a satisfactory resolving power. Little interference is shown in the spectrum. The detection limits are about 10(-7) - 10(-8) g/g for most of the metal elements. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Chem Sci & Engn Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hang, W (reprint author), Xiamen Univ, Dept Chem, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. EM weihang@xmu.edu.cn NR 18 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 61 IS 2 BP 220 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.sab.2005.11.005 PG 5 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 035QM UT WOS:000237016400011 ER PT J AU Houk, RS AF Houk, RS TI Dissociation of polyatomic ions in inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (vol 56, pg 1069, 2001) SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Correction C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Houk, RS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rshouk@iastate.edu NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 61 IS 2 BP 235 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.sab.2006.01.006 PG 2 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 035QM UT WOS:000237016400014 ER PT J AU Friedman, JH AF Friedman, JH TI Comment: Classifier technology and the illusion of progress SO STATISTICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Stat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Friedman, JH (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Stat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jhf@stanford.edu NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU INST MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS PI BEACHWOOD PA PO BOX 22718, BEACHWOOD, OH 44122 USA SN 0883-4237 J9 STAT SCI JI Stat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 21 IS 1 BP 15 EP 18 DI 10.1214/0883423060000000240 PG 4 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 057HF UT WOS:000238586200002 ER PT J AU Ashworth, SP Grilli, F AF Ashworth, SP Grilli, F TI A strategy for the reduction of ac losses in YBCO coated conductors SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB YBCO coated conductors (CCs) are being developed with extremely high dc critical currents, which should allow their extensive use in power applications. However, the CCs manufactured at present have unacceptably high energy losses in ac magnetic fields applied perpendicular to the CC face. This magnetic ac loss can be significantly reduced if the superconductor is divided into parallel electromagnetically decoupled filaments. Simply cutting the YBCO into filaments does not achieve this, as the filaments remain coupled. In this paper we present a new technique for obtaining decoupled filaments. This is achieved by cutting the superconductor into parallel filaments plus introducing periodic transverse cross-cuts. The cross-cuts allow the magnetic flux to penetrate between the filaments and thus decouples them. The continuity of the current path is maintained by means of normal metal 'bridges' across the cross-cuts. We present data demonstrating that at power frequencies five cross-cuts every metre are sufficient to decouple the filaments. We also show that it is straightforward to produce normal metal bridges whose Ohmic losses due to the transport current are sufficiently low that the overall losses of a CC carrying ac or dc transport currents in applied ac magnetic fields are reduced to manageable levels. In a specific example, the losses of a CC in a 20 mT, 60 Hz magnetic field carrying 100 A ac transport Current were reduced by nearly two orders of magnitude. Numerical simulations based on the finite-element method have been also performed and confirm some of the experimental results. We also indicate how this technique may be further improved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Grilli, F (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM fgrilli@lanl.gov NR 10 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 19 IS 2 BP 227 EP 232 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/19/2/013 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 013SU UT WOS:000235430600015 ER PT J AU Bhuiyan, MS Paranthaman, M Salama, K AF Bhuiyan, MS Paranthaman, M Salama, K TI Solution-derived textured oxide thin films - a review SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CHEMICAL SOLUTION DEPOSITION; SOL-GEL PROCESS; YBCO COATED CONDUCTORS; METAL-ORGANIC DEPOSITION; LOW-TEMPERATURE PREPARATION; ZIRCONATE-TITANATE FILMS; RARE-EARTH NIOBATE; CEO2 BUFFER LAYERS; METALORGANIC DECOMPOSITION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES AB Thin film growth by a non-vacuum deposition technique, namely, the chemical solution deposition (CSD) method, is reviewed with emphasis on the growth of various oxide films and their properties. Various aspects of the solution chemistries for the different routes are discussed, and the effects of solution precursor properties on the conversion of the as-deposited film to the desired phase are also discussed. Crystal structures and functional properties common to many oxide materials are briefly reviewed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Bhuiyan, MS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 164 TC 120 Z9 122 U1 9 U2 63 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 EI 1361-6668 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 19 IS 2 BP R1 EP R21 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/19/2/R01 PG 21 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 013SU UT WOS:000235430600002 ER PT J AU Fomin, E Tatarkhanov, M Mitsui, T Rose, M Ogletree, DF Salmeron, M AF Fomin, E Tatarkhanov, M Mitsui, T Rose, M Ogletree, DF Salmeron, M TI Vibrationally assisted diffusion of H2O and D2O on Pd(111) SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE surface diffusion; scanning tunnelling microscopy; STM tip ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; SURFACE-DIFFUSION; ROTATION; DIMERS; WATER; MOLECULES; ADATOMS; PT(111); OXYGEN; ICE AB The adsorption and diffusion of isolated H2O and D2O molecules on Pd(1 1 1) were studied using scanning tunneling microscopy at low temperature (similar to 40 K). At low tunneling voltage the diffusion is thermally activated. The diffusion rate is enhanced by several orders of magnitude when the tunneling electron has enough energy to excite the vibrational "scissor" mode of the molecule. An isotope effect was observed in the threshold voltage for electron-assisted diffusion of H,C) and DO. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salmeron, M (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM amuller-egan@lbl.gov RI Ogletree, D Frank/D-9833-2016 OI Ogletree, D Frank/0000-0002-8159-0182 NR 30 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 600 IS 3 BP 542 EP 546 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2005.11.004 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 014VU UT WOS:000235509300009 ER PT J AU Mirrione, MM Schiffer, WK Siddiq, M Dewey, SL Tsirka, SE AF Mirrione, MM Schiffer, WK Siddiq, M Dewey, SL Tsirka, SE TI PET imaging of glucose metabolism in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy SO SYNAPSE LA English DT Article DE neuroimaging; hippocampus; microPET; seizure; pilocarpine ID SMALL ANIMAL PET; FDG-PET; STATUS EPILEPTICUS; KAINIC ACID; RAT-BRAIN; HYPOMETABOLISM; SEIZURES; PILOCARPINE; PLASTICITY; MICROPET AB Here we present the first demonstration that 2-deoxy-2[F-18]fluoro-D-glucose ((18)FDG) and micro Positron Emission Tomography (mu PET) can be used successfully to monitor regional changes in brain metabolism during acute seizure induction in C57B1/6 mice. These longitudinal studies show a significant increase in 18FDG uptake in the hippocampus (33.2%) which correlates directly with seizure severity (R-2 = 0.86). (18)FDG mu PET can potentially be used to monitor the development of TLE in mouse models from the acute phase of status epilepticus to the chronic phase of spontaneous recurrent seizures. These studies provide a foundation upon which we can begin to identify genetic contributions to the metabolic signature of TLE in mice, since many transgenics are in the C57B1/6 background strain. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Grad Program Mol & Cellular Pharmacol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Biol, New York, NY 10021 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Tsirka, SE (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Grad Program Mol & Cellular Pharmacol, Basic Sci Tower B8-140, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM stella@pharm.stonybrook.edu FU NINDS NIH HHS [R01NS042168] NR 25 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-4476 J9 SYNAPSE JI Synapse PD FEB PY 2006 VL 59 IS 2 BP 119 EP 121 DI 10.1002/syn.20216 PG 3 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 000ON UT WOS:000234471800007 PM 16320304 ER PT J AU Collins, AG Schuchert, P Marques, AC Jankowski, T Medina, M Schierwater, B AF Collins, AG Schuchert, P Marques, AC Jankowski, T Medina, M Schierwater, B TI Medusozoan phylogeny and character evolution clarified by new large and small subunit rDNA data and an assessment of the utility of phylogenetic mixture models SO SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 18S; 28S; cubozoa; hydrozoa; medusa; molecular systematics; polyp; scyphozoa; staurozoa ID CARYBDEA-MARSUPIALIS LINNAEUS; CLASS-LEVEL RELATIONSHIPS; PHYLUM CNIDARIA; LIFE-CYCLE; ASTROHYDRA-JAPONICA; STRIATED-MUSCLE; TREE SELECTION; GENE SEQUENCE; GAP-JUNCTIONS; JELLYFISH AB A newly compiled data set of nearly complete sequences of the large subunit of the nuclear ribosome (LSU or 28S) sampled from 31 diverse medusozoans greatly clarifies the phylogenetic history of Cnidaria. These data have substantial power to discern among many of the competing hypotheses of relationship derived from prior work. Moreover, LSU data provide strong support at key nodes that were equivocal based on other molecular markers. Combining LSU sequences with those of the small subunit of the nuclear ribosome (SSU or 18S), we present a detailed working hypothesis of medusozoan relationships and discuss character evolution within this diverse clade. Stauromedusae, comprising the benthic, so-called stalked jellyfish, appears to be the sister group of all other medusozoans, implying that the free-swimming medusa stage, the motor nerve net, and statocysts of ecto-endodermal origin are features derived within Medusozoa. Cubozoans, which have had uncertain phylogenetic affinities since the elucidation of their life cycles, form a clade-named Acraspeda-with the scyphozoan groups Coronatae, Rhizostomeae, and Semaeostomeae. The polyps of both cubozoans and hydrozoans appear to be secondarily simplified. Hydrozoa is comprised by two well-supported clades, Trachylina and Hydroidolina. The position of Limnomedusae within Trachylina indicates that the ancestral hydrozoan had a biphasic life cycle and that the medusa was formed via an entocodon. Recently hypothesized homologies between the entocodon and bilaterian mesoderm are therefore suspect. Laingiomedusae, which has often been viewed as a close ally of the trachyline group Narcomedusae, is instead shown to be unambiguously a member of Hydroidolina. The important model organisms of the Hydra species complex are part of a clade, Aplanulata, with other hydrozoans possessing direct development not involving a ciliated planula stage. Finally, applying phylogenetic mixture models to our data proved to be of little additional value over a more traditional phylogenetic approach involving explicit hypothesis testing and bootstrap analyses under multiple optimality criteria. C1 NMFS, Natl Systemat Lab, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Museum Nat Hist, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Zool, Inst Biosci, Sao Paulo, Brazil. ETH, EAWAG, W&T, Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. ITZ, TiHo Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany. RP Collins, AG (reprint author), NMFS, Natl Systemat Lab, Smithsonian Inst, MRC-153,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM CollinsA@SI.edu RI Collins, Allen/A-7944-2008; Marques, Antonio/E-8049-2011 OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691; Marques, Antonio/0000-0002-2884-0541 NR 94 TC 190 Z9 199 U1 2 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1063-5157 J9 SYST BIOL JI Syst. Biol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 55 IS 1 BP 97 EP 115 DI 10.1080/10635150500433615 PG 19 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 016LW UT WOS:000235622700008 PM 16507527 ER PT J AU Keiser, JR DeCarrera, R Newport, DG Rowbottom, RS Pint, BA AF Keiser, JR DeCarrera, R Newport, DG Rowbottom, RS Pint, BA TI Materials issues in black liquor steam reforming/gasification SO TAPPI JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Georgia Pacific Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. ThermoChem Recovery Int, Baltimore, MD USA. Norampac, Mississauga, ON, Canada. RP Keiser, JR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM keiserjr@ornl.gov RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU TECH ASSN PULP PAPER IND INC PI NORCROSS PA 15 TECHNOLOGY PARK SOUTH, NORCROSS, GA 30092 USA SN 0734-1415 J9 TAPPI J JI TAPPI J. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 5 IS 2 BP 29 EP 29 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 015UV UT WOS:000235577600006 ER PT J AU LePoire, DJ AF LePoire, DJ TI Logistic analysis of recent environmental interest SO TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE logistic; environment; history AB Progress in some fields has been shown to occur through a sequence of high-activity periods that often exhibit logistic growth patterns. Previously, this was demonstrated for local environmental issues during the U.S. Progressive Era through an analysis of environmental (aerial and water-borne) diseases. Later (1970s and 1980s), logistic growth trends in interest (articles and legislation) in national environmental concerns was demonstrated. Recently, environmental attention has included global issues resulting in several international environmental treaties that attempt to address the concerns. Logistic analysis is applied to the recent trends of interest in international environmental issues. This interest is measured at many levels: popular magazine articles, popular books, research-oriented books, and international treaties. There are indications that the elevated level of international environmental interest might have passed the midpoint, in the 1990s, of a 5-decade period. This recent period is compared with previously identified periods concerning local and national environmental issues. Possible reasons for the trends include the recent increasing rate and scope of technological development and the related, perhaps delayed social response. Potential future trends might indicate the relative rate of technological development and social resolution of its impacts. A possible leading indicator is the business and governance response to new technologies, like nanotechnology, which might be responsibly developed to mitigate previous environmental issues without introducing new unintended environmental consequences. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Assessment Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP LePoire, DJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Assessment Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dlepoire@anl.gov NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0040-1625 J9 TECHNOL FORECAST SOC JI Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 73 IS 2 BP 153 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.techfore.2005.05.006 PG 15 WC Business; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 019TN UT WOS:000235859700008 ER PT J AU Monaselidze, J Abuladze, M Asatiani, N Kiziria, E Barbakadze, S Majagaladze, G Iobadze, M Tabatadze, L Holman, HY Sapojnikova, N AF Monaselidze, J Abuladze, M Asatiani, N Kiziria, E Barbakadze, S Majagaladze, G Iobadze, M Tabatadze, L Holman, HY Sapojnikova, N TI Characterization of chromium-induced apoptosis in cultured mammalian cells: A differential scanning calorimetry study SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE calorimetry; hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)); bax expression; mitochondrial membrane permeability ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; THERMODYNAMIC APPROACH; SPIRULINA-PLATENSIS; ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES; DNA LESIONS; CROSS-LINKS; CARCINOGENESIS; CHROMATIN; PROTEINS; DEATH AB The present study examined the cytotoxic effect of increasing Cr(VI) concentrations on cultured cells by a combination of biochemical methods and DSC, a novel use of DSC in the study of cell death. The characteristics of apoptotic cells are compared with normal cells. Chromatin in human epithelial-like L-41 cells has two thermal transitions at 100 and 105 degrees C. The heat from these endotherms is 90.5 +/- 11.0 J/g DNA. The total heat of denaturation (Q(d)) is 27.5 +/- 3.5 J/g dry biomass. The heat evolved (-Q) is 15.6 +/- 3.0 J/g dry biomass. The treatment of cells with 20 mu M Cr(VI) for 2 and 4 h has not revealed any changes in heat of denaturation and heat evolution (-Q). However increased treatment time with Cr(VI) at 20 mu M resulted in significant changes to the thermal profile and a sharp linear decrease of (-Q) and Q(d) values. The Q(d) and (-Q) values of cells treated with 20 mu M Cr(VI) for 48 h are equal to 15.5 +/- 2.0 and 2.1 +/- 0.4 J/g dry biomass, respectively. The changes in chromatin conformation, Bax expression and the collapse of the mitochondrial membrane permeability coincide with the time point from which the action of chromium is irreversible. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Georgian Acad Sci, Inst Phys, GE-0177 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. Georgian Acad Sci, Inst Med Biotechnol, GE-0159 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Monaselidze, J (reprint author), Georgian Acad Sci, Inst Phys, 6 Tamarashvili Str, GE-0177 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. EM jamlet_monaselidze@yahoo.com; nellys@iphac.ge RI Holman, Hoi-Ying/N-8451-2014 OI Holman, Hoi-Ying/0000-0002-7534-2625 NR 57 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 441 IS 1 BP 8 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.tca.2005.11.025 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 009RN UT WOS:000235130100002 ER PT J AU Olson, DC Piris, J Collins, RT Shaheen, SE Ginley, DS AF Olson, DC Piris, J Collins, RT Shaheen, SE Ginley, DS TI Hybrid photovoltaic devices of polymer and ZnO nanofiber composites SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Transparent Oxide Thin Films for Electronics and Optics CY APR 07-08, 2005 CL Tokyo, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Promot Sci, 166th Comm Photon & Elect Oxide Mat, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Ceram Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Electrochem Soc Japan DE polymers; solar cells; zinc oxide; nanostructures ID SOLAR-CELLS; FILMS; DEPOSITION; PLANE AB Organic semiconductor-based photovoltaic devices offer the promise of a low-cost photovoltaic technology that could be manufactured via large-scale, roll-to-roll printing techniques. Existing organic photovoltaic devices have currently achieved solar power conversion efficiencies greater than 3%. Although encouraging. the reasons higher efficiencies have not been achieved are poor overlap between the absorption spectrum of the organic chromophores and the solar spectrum, non-ideal band alignment between the donor and acceptor species, and low charge carrier mobilities resulting from the disordered nature of organic semiconductors. To address the latter issues, we are investigating the development of nanostructured oxide/conjugated polymer composite photovoltaic (PV) devices. These composites can take advantage of the high electron mobilities attainable in oxide semiconductors and can be fabricated using low-temperature solution-based growth techniques. Additionally, the morphology of the composite can be controlled in a systematic way through control of the nanostructured oxide growth. ZnO nanostructures that are vertically aligned with respect to the substrate have been grown. Here we discuss the fabrication of such nanostructures and present results from ZnO nanofiber/poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) composite PV devices. The best performance with this cell structure produced an open circuit voltage (J(sc)) of 440 mV, a short circuit current density (J(sc)) of 2.2 mA/cm, a fill factor (FF) of 0.56, and a conversion efficiency (eta) of 0.53%. Incorporation of a blend of P3HT and (6,6)-phenyl C-61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) into the ZnO nanofibers produced enhanced performance with a V-oc of 475 mV, J(sc) of 10.0 mA/cm(2), FF of 0.43, and eta of 2.03%. The power efficiency is limited in these devices by the large fiber spacing and the reduced V-oc. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Olson, DC (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM dana_olson@nrel.gov RI Shaheen, Sean/M-7893-2013; Collins, Reuben/O-2545-2014 OI Collins, Reuben/0000-0001-7910-3819 NR 10 TC 396 Z9 403 U1 6 U2 135 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 496 IS 1 BP 26 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2005.08.179 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 994GC UT WOS:000234018200005 ER PT J AU van Hest, MFAM Dabney, MS Perkins, JD Ginley, DS AF van Hest, MFAM Dabney, MS Perkins, JD Ginley, DS TI High-mobility molybdenum doped indium oxide SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Transparent Oxide Thin Films for Electronics and Optics CY APR 07-08, 2005 CL Tokyo, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Promot Sci, 166th Comm Photon & Elect Oxide Mat, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Ceram Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Electrochem Soc Japan DE indium oxide (206); physical vapour deposition (370); transparent conductive oxides; combinatorial science ID TRANSPARENT CONDUCTING OXIDES; THIN-FILMS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; TIN OXIDE; COMBINATORIAL; EVAPORATION AB The effects of molybdenum doping (0-12 at.%) oil the optical and electrical properties of In,03 were investigated using combinatorial sputter deposition in combination with combinatorial analysis techniques. The electrical properties are highly dependent on the deposition temperature and the molybdenum doping concentration. A minimum temperature between 300 degrees C and 400 degrees C is needed to activate the carriers. The maximum mobility is observed at a Mo concentration of 4.4 at.% and is 65.3 cm(2) V-1 s(-1). The maximum conductivity is observed at 5.9 at.% molybdenum doping and is equal to 5000 Omega(-1) cm(-1). The carrier concentration increases with increasing molybdenum doping to a maximum value of 6.6(.)10(20) cm(-3) at a doping concentration of 8.6 at.%. The optical transparency is high (> 80%) in a wide spectral range that is dependent on the process parameters. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP van Hest, MFAM (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM maikel_van_hest@nrel.gov NR 16 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 496 IS 1 BP 70 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2005.08.314 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 994GC UT WOS:000234018200013 ER PT J AU Hong-Geller, E Pardington, PE Cary, RB Sauer, NN Gupta, G AF Hong-Geller, E Pardington, PE Cary, RB Sauer, NN Gupta, G TI Chemokine regulation in response to beryllium exposure in human peripheral blood mononuclear and dendritic cells SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beryllium; Chronic Beryllium Disease; chemokines; cell migration; microarray ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE; PULMONARY-FIBROSIS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; GENE-EXPRESSION; CATHEPSIN-L; HUMAN LUNG; T-CELLS; DISEASE; MIP-1-ALPHA AB Exposure to beryllium (Be) induces a delayed-type hypersensitivity immune reaction in the lungs of susceptible individuals, which leads to the onset of Be sensitivity and Chronic Beryllium Disease (CBD). Although some mechanistic aspects of CBD have begun to be characterized, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which Be activates the host immune response. To gain insight into the cellular response to Be exposure, we have performed global microarray analysis using a mixture of peripheral blood mononuclear and dendritic cells (PBMC/DCs) from a non-CBD source to identify genes that are specifically upregulated in response to BeSO4 stimulation, compared to a control metal salt, Al-2(SO4)(3). We identified a number of upregulated immunomodulatory genes, including several chemokines in the MIP-1 and GRO families. Using PBMC/DCs from three different donors, we demonstrate that BeSO4 stimulation generally exhibits an increased rate of both chemokine mRNA transcription and release compared to Al-2(SO4)(3) exposure, although variations among the individual donors do exist. We show that MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta neutralizing antibodies can partially inhibit the ability of BeSO4 to stimulate cell migration of PBMC/DCs in vitro. Finally, incubation of PBMC/DCs with BeSO4 altered the binding of the transcription factor RUNX to the MIP-1 alpha promoter consensus sequence, indicating that Be can regulate chemokine gene activation. Taken together, these results suggest a model in which Be stimulation of PBMC/DCs can modulate the expression and release of different chemokines, leading to the migration of lymphocytes to the lung and the formation of a localized environment for development of Be disease in susceptible individuals. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hong-Geller, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Biosci, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ehong@lanl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA82198] NR 41 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 218 IS 2-3 BP 216 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2005.10.016 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 005SR UT WOS:000234844600013 PM 16314022 ER PT J AU Stefaniak, AB Day, GA Hoover, MD Breysse, PN Scripsick, RC AF Stefaniak, AB Day, GA Hoover, MD Breysse, PN Scripsick, RC TI Differences in dissolution behavior in a phagolysosomal simulant fluid for single-constituent and multi-constituent materials associated with beryllium sensitization and chronic beryllium disease SO TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO LA English DT Article DE beryllium; multi-constituent aerosol; dissolution; phagolysosome ID IN-VITRO DISSOLUTION; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; LONG-TERM; OXIDE; PARTICLES; ALLOY; METAL; CLEARANCE; AEROSOLS; EXPOSURE AB Particle dissolution within macrophage phagolysosomes is hypothesized to be an important source of dissolved beryllium for input to the cell-mediated immune reaction associated with development of beryllium sensitization and chronic beryllium disease (CBD). To better understand the dissolution of beryllium materials associated with elevated prevalence of sensitization and CBD, single-constituent (beryllium oxide (BeO) particles sampled from a screener operation, finished product BeO powder, finish product beryllium metal powder) and multi-constituent (particles sampled from an arc furnace during processing of copper-beryllium alloy) aerosol materials were studied. Dissolution rates were measured using phagolysosomal simulant fluid (PSF) in a static dissolution technique and then normalized to measured values of specific surface area to calculate a chemical dissolution rate constant (k) for each material. Values of k, in g/(cm(2) day), for screener BeO particles (1.3 +/- 1.9 x 10(-8)) and for BeO powder (1.1 +/- 0.5 x 10(-8)) were similar (p = 0.45). The value of k observed for beryllium metal powder (1.1 +/- 1.4 x 10(-7)) was significantly greater than observed for the BeO materials (p < 0.0003). For arc furnace particles, k (1.6 +/- 0.6 x 10(-7)) was significantly greater than observed for the BeO materials (p < 0.00001), despite the fact that the chemical form of beryllium in the aerosol was BeO. These results suggest that dissolution of beryllium differs among physicochemical forms of beryllium and direct measurement of dissolution is needed for multi-constituent aerosol. Additional studies of the dissolution behavior of beryllium materials in a variety of mixture configurations will aid in developing exposure-response models to improve understanding of the risk of beryllium sensitization and CBD. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ind Hyg & Safety Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Environm Hlth Engn, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Stefaniak, AB (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop H-2800, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM astefaniak@cdc.gov RI Stefaniak, Aleksandr/I-3616-2012; Hoover, Mark/I-4201-2012 OI Hoover, Mark/0000-0002-8726-8127 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES07141]; NIOSH CDC HHS [1R03 OH007447-01] NR 39 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-2333 J9 TOXICOL IN VITRO JI Toxicol. Vitro PD FEB PY 2006 VL 20 IS 1 BP 82 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.tiv.2005.06.031 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 009RJ UT WOS:000235129700009 PM 16061346 ER PT J AU Wheeler, N Payne, P Hipkins, V Saich, R Kenny, S Tuskan, G AF Wheeler, Nicholas Payne, Peggy Hipkins, Valerie Saich, Robert Kenny, Stephen Tuskan, Gerald TI Polymix breeding with paternity analysis in Populus: a test for differential reproductive success (DRS) among pollen donors SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article ID MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; NIGRA L.; POPLAR; COMPETITION; PROGENY AB Polymix breeding with paternity analysis (PMX/WPA) has been proposed as an alternative to traditional full-sib breeding and testing schemes. To fully capture the benefits of PMX/WPA, differential reproductive success (DRS) of pollen parents used in the polymix must be modest. DRS was evaluated in an operational test of PMX/WPA for a hybrid poplar breeding program. A 16-parent pollen polymix (Populus nigra L.) was used to pollinate seven clones of Populus deltoides (Bartr. ex. Marshall) under greenhouse breeding conditions. Progeny were grown out briefly and randomly sampled (357) prior to out-planting in field trials. Twenty-eight simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci were evaluated and 15 were selected for genetic characterization in small populations of three Populus spp (P. nigra, P. deltoides, and P. balsamffiera spp trichocarpa Torr. & Gray). Seven loci were ultimately selected for paternity analysis of progeny. The average exclusion probability of the seven loci in P nigra was 0.604; combined, the theoretical exclusion probability was 0.9999. However, only 95% of sampled progeny were unambiguously assigned a single paternal parent. Missing data likely accounted for most of the ambiguity. DRS was statistically significant though not prohibitive for practical utility of PMX/WPA as a breeding system. Of the 112 potential crosses in this study, 92 were represented. Eight of the 16 pollen parents contributed 83% of the progeny. Good pollen vigor, as measured by germination percent, did not ensure paternal success, but poor vigor was associated with lack of paternal success. PMXiWPA appears to be logistically and economically attractive for hybrid poplar breeding and testing. C1 Mol Tree Breeding Serv LLC, Centralia, WA 98531 USA. Boise Cascade LLC, Wallula, WA 99363 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Natl Forest Genet Electrophoresis Lab, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Wheeler, N (reprint author), Mol Tree Breeding Serv LLC, 21040 Flumerfelt Rd SE, Centralia, WA 98531 USA. EM nickwheeler@scattercreek.com RI Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011 OI Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289 NR 17 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD FEB PY 2006 VL 2 IS 1 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.1007/s11295-005-0033-x PG 8 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 145WL UT WOS:000244896400006 ER PT J AU Ahmed, A Bahadur, S Cook, BA Peters, J AF Ahmed, A Bahadur, S Cook, BA Peters, J TI Mechanical properties and scratch test studies of new ultra-hard AlMgB14 modified by TiB2 SO TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID BRITTLE SOLIDS; ABRASIVE WEAR; CERAMICS AB Nanoscale composites of AlMgB14 with AlN, TiC or TiB2 were prepared by mechanical alloying in a vibratory mill, followed by compression molding at 1400 degrees C. Determination of microhardness and fracture toughness indicated that TiB2 was an effective addition for increasing both quantities. The optimum percent TiB2 addition corresponding to the highest hardness and fracture toughness was 60-70 wt%. The abrasion resistance of AlMgB14 composites with varying amounts of TiB2 has been studied using single-point diamond scratch tests with loads ranging from 20 to 70 N in 10 N increments. The scratch width, as measured by stylus profilometer, increased almost linearly with the applied load and decreased with increasing TiB2 proportion up to 70 wt%. Furthermore, macroscopic abrasion resistance increased with both mean hardness and fracture toughness. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) revealed the presence of Al2MgO4 (spinel) and FeB4O7 in AlMgB14. Cracks were observed on the surface of AlMgB14 - 70 wt% TiB2 when scratched under 70 N load, but there was no cracking in the absence of TiB2. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ahmed, A (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 26 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-679X J9 TRIBOL INT JI Tribol. Int. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 39 IS 2 BP 129 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.triboint.2005.04.012 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 997FY UT WOS:000234231800008 ER PT J AU Seol, Y Kneafsey, TJ Ito, K AF Seol, Y Kneafsey, TJ Ito, K TI An evaluation of the active fracture concept in modeling unsaturated flow and transport in a fractured meter-sized block of rock SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONTINUUM APPROACH; SEEPAGE AB Numerical simulation is an effective and economical method for optimally designing laboratory experiments and deriving practical experimental conditions. We executed a detailed numerical simulation study to examine the active fracture concept ( AFC) using a 1-m(3)-sized block model. The numerical simulations for this study were performed by applying various experimental conditions, including different bottom flow boundaries, varying injection rates, and different fracture matrix interaction (i.e., by increasing absolute matrix permeability at the fracture - matrix boundary) for a larger fracture interaction under transient or balanced-state flow regimes. Two conceptual block models were developed based on different numerical approaches: a two-dimensional discrete-fracture-network model ( DFNM) and a one-dimensional dual-continuum model (DCM). The DFNM was used as a surrogate for a natural block to produce synthetic breakthrough curves of water and tracer concentration under transient or balanced-state conditions. The DCM is the approach typically used for the Yucca Mountain Project because of its computational efficiency. The AFC was incorporated into the DCM to capture heterogeneous flow patterns that occur in unsaturated fractured rocks. The simulation results from the DCM were compared with the results from the DFNM to determine whether the DCM could predict the water flow and tracer transport observed in the DFNM at the scale of the experiment. It was found that implementing the AFC in the DCM improved the prediction of unsaturated flow and that the flow and transport experiments with low injection rates in the DFNM compared better with the AFC implemented DCM at the 1-m(3) scale. However, the estimated AFC parameter varied from 0.38 to 1.0 with different flow conditions, suggesting that the AFC parameter was not sufficient to fully capture the complexity of the flow processes in a 1-m(3) discrete fracture network. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Seol, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM yseol@lbl.gov RI Kneafsey, Timothy/H-7412-2014 OI Kneafsey, Timothy/0000-0002-3926-8587 NR 25 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 5 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.2136/vzj2004.0175 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 037CO UT WOS:000237124500001 ER PT J AU Jardine, PM Mayes, MA Mulholland, PJ Hanson, PJ Tarver, JR Luxmoore, RJ McCarthy, JF Wilson, GV AF Jardine, PM Mayes, MA Mulholland, PJ Hanson, PJ Tarver, JR Luxmoore, RJ McCarthy, JF Wilson, GV TI Vadose zone flow and transport of dissolved organic carbon at multiple scales in humid regimes SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLING SUBSURFACE TRANSPORT; HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; 2 CONTRASTING WATERSHEDS; STORM EVENTS; COMPETITIVE ADSORPTION; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; IRON-OXIDE; FORESTED WATERSHEDS; UPPER SUBCATCHMENT; PREFERENTIAL FLOW AB Scientists must embrace the necessity to offset global CO2 emissions regardless of politics. Efforts to enhance terrestrial organic carbon sequestration have traditionally focused on aboveground biomass and surface soils. An unexplored potential exists in thick lower horizons of widespread, mature soils such as Alfisols, Ultisols, and Oxisols. We present a case study of fate and transport of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in a highly weathered Ultisol, involving spatial scales from the laboratory to the landscape. Our objectives were to interpret processes observed at various scales and provide an improved understanding of coupled hydrogeochemical mechanisms that control DOC mobility and sequestration in deep subsoils within humid climatic regimes. Our approach is multiscale, using laboratory-scale batch and soil columns (0.2 by 1.0 m), an in situ pedon ( 2 by 2 by 3 m), a well-instrumented subsurface facility on a subwatershed (0.47 ha), and ephemeral and perennial stream discharge at the landscape scale (38.4 ha). Laboratory-scale experiments confirmed that lower horizons have the propensity to accumulate DOC, but that preferential fracture flow tends to limit sequestration. Intermediate-scale experiments demonstrated the beneficial effects of C diffusion into soil micropores. Field- and landscape-scale studies demonstrated coupled hydrological, geochemical, and microbiological mechanisms that limit DOC sequestration, and their sensitivity to local environmental conditions. Our results suggest a multi-scale approach is necessary to assess the propensity of deep subsoils to sequester organic C in situ. By unraveling fundamental organic C sequestration mechanisms, we improve the conceptual and quantitative understanding needed to predict and alter organic C budgets in soil systems. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Jardine, PM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jardinepm@ornl.gov RI Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011; Mulholland, Patrick/C-3142-2012; Phillips, Jana/G-4755-2016 OI Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561; Phillips, Jana/0000-0001-9319-2336 NR 60 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 20 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 5 IS 1 BP 140 EP 152 DI 10.2136/vzj2005.0036 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 037CO UT WOS:000237124500015 ER PT J AU Heiser, JH Sedlacek, AJ AF Heiser, JH Sedlacek, AJ TI Using lidar to measure perfluorocarbon tracers for the verification and monitoring of cap and cover systems SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE caps; covers; landfill; lidar; perfluorcarbon tracer; verification; waste site ID DIFFERENTIAL-ABSORPTION LIDAR; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; ULTRAVIOLET AB Waste site cover systems used to prevent rainfall from reaching the waste need to remain intact throughout the lifetime of the waste site. Monitoring of these covers is needed to ascertain the performance and to determine if any degradation has occurred. Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory have used gaseous perfluorocarbon tracers (PFTs) to monitor the integrity of caps and covers for waste disposal sites. Detection of the PFTs currently uses gas chromatography techniques developed at BNL. This paper presents a potential approach to this wide-area screening problem by replacing conventional gas chromatography analysis with laser-based, lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) detection of the PFTs. Lidar can be used to scan the surface of the cover system, looking for fugitive PFTs. If successful this would enable the departure from soil gas analysis and instead look for PFTs in the air just above the soil surface. The advantages of using a lidar platform are multi-fold and include the elimination of soil monitoring ports. Benchtop and pilot-scale indoor experiments using an a continuous wave, line-tunable infrared CO2 laser were used to detect PMCH (perfluoromethylcyclohexane, one of a group of PFTs used at BNL). Laboratory measurements of the absorption cross-section were the same order of magnitude compared to literature values for similar perfluorocarbon compounds. Initial benchtop, fixed cell length experiments were successful in detecting PMCH to levels of 10 ppb-m. To improve the lower limit of detection, a HgCdTe detector was purchased that was more specific to the lasing region of interest and hence had a higher sensitivity at this spectral region Using a pilot-scale lidar system in a 40m indoor hallway air concentrations of PMCH were then measured down to 1 ppb-m. These results are very promising and show great potential for monitoring the integrity of cover systems using lidar and PFTs. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Heiser, JH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM heiser@bnl.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 170 IS 1-4 BP 345 EP 357 DI 10.1007/s11270-005-9007-8 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 028UR UT WOS:000236514800022 ER PT J AU Tsui, F He, L Lorang, D Fuller, A Chu, YS Tkachuk, A Vogt, S AF Tsui, F He, L Lorang, D Fuller, A Chu, YS Tkachuk, A Vogt, S TI Structure and magnetism of Coa(1-x)MnaxGeb epitaxial films SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Japan-US Workshop on Combination Materials Science and Technology CY DEC 07-10, 2004 CL Okinawa, JAPAN SP Combinatorial Mat Explorat & Technol, Natl Inst Mat Soc, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Core Core Program, Naotechnol Res Network Ctr Japan, Combinatorial Sci & Mat Informat Collaboratory DE Heusler alloys; epitaxial films; combinatorial molecular beam epitaxy; phase diagrams ID HALF-METALLIC FILMS; SYNCHROTRON X-RAY; THIN-FILMS; CO(2)MNZ Z; SEMICONDUCTORS; SPINTRONICS; TRANSPORT; GE; SI AB The structural and magnetic phase diagrams of Coa(1-x)MnaxGeb epitaxial films near the composition of Heusler alloy Co2MnGe have been studied using combinatorial molecular beam epitaxy techniques. Epitaxial growth on Ge (1 1 1) has been stabilized over nearly the entire composition range of the ternary system. Epitaxial constraints play an important role for the small number of observed structural phases. The variety of high-temperature magnetic properties, and the structural and chemical compatibilities with group IV elements make the ternary system promising for the science and applications of spintronics. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tsui, F (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ftsui@physics.unc.edu RI He, Liang/E-5935-2012; Vogt, Stefan/B-9547-2009; Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013 OI Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD JAN 31 PY 2006 VL 252 IS 7 BP 2512 EP 2517 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.03.238 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 011JJ UT WOS:000235264100015 ER PT J AU Zhou, J Cai, T Tang, SJ Marquez, M Hu, ZB AF Zhou, J Cai, T Tang, SJ Marquez, M Hu, ZB TI Growth of columnar hydrogel colloidal crystals in water-organic solvent mixture SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID PHASE-BEHAVIOR; CRYSTALLIZATION; SUSPENSIONS; SPHERES; MULTILAYERS; SILICA; ROUTE AB A novel emulsion method has been demonstrated to grow columnar hydrogel colloidal crystals by mixing an aqueous suspension of poly-N-isopropylacrylamide-co-allylamine microgels with organic solvent, driven by the coalescence of micelles consisting of organic oil droplets coated by many microgels. This method leads to microgel colloidal crystals of several centimeters growing from the top to the bottom along the gravity direction. Both temperature and polymer concentration play critical roles for the formation of columnar crystals. A phase diagram has been determined, and it can be used as a guide to selectively grow different crystals, including columnar crystals and randomly oriented crystals, and enable the coexistence of columnar crystals and randomly oriented crystals. C1 Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76203 USA. Univ N Texas, Dept Chem, Denton, TX 76203 USA. PMUSA, INEST Grp, Res Ctr, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hu, ZB (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, POB 311427, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM zbhu@unt.edu RI Zhou, Jun/H-3484-2013; OI Tang, Shijun/0000-0002-8161-1625 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 31 PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 863 EP 866 DI 10.1021/la0515773 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 008VF UT WOS:000235068100005 PM 16430238 ER PT J AU Matranga, C Bockrath, B Chopra, N Hinds, BJ Andrews, R AF Matranga, C Bockrath, B Chopra, N Hinds, BJ Andrews, R TI Raman spectroscopic investigation of gas interactions with an aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube membrane SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TRAPPED CO2; ADSORPTION; BUNDLES; SIMULATION; HYDROGEN; ETHANE; TRANSPORT; GRAPHITE; ETHYLENE AB Raman spectroscopy has been used to investigate ethane, propane, and SF6 interactions with an aligned multimalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) membrane. Pressures of 7.5-9.3 atm and temperatures of 293-333 K were examined for propane and SF6, whereas slightly lower temperatures (263-293 K) and pressures (6.7-7.5 atm) were used for ethane. Red-shifting and broadening is seen for the C-C stretching vibrations of the two hydrocarbons, as well as for the A(1g) symmetric vibration (vi) of SF6. These spectral features indicate that the interaction between the gas and the nanotube membrane is capable of perturbing molecular vibrations and creating red-shifted features. Control experiments done on polycrystalline graphite and a polystyrene blank indicate that this spectral behavior is unique to gases interacting with the nanotubes in the membrane. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Ctr Appl Energy Res, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. RP Matranga, C (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM matranga@netl.doe.gov RI Nitin, Chopra/F-8236-2011; Matranga, Christopher/E-4741-2015 OI Matranga, Christopher/0000-0001-7082-5938 NR 41 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 31 PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 1235 EP 1240 DI 10.1021/la0516577 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 008VF UT WOS:000235068100055 PM 16430288 ER PT J AU Zeng, JM Tikare, V Jacob, KI AF Zeng, JM Tikare, V Jacob, KI TI Numerical study of a drug release profile in the transdermal drug delivery system SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID BETA-ESTRADIOL; MATRIX; BIOPHARMACEUTICS; PERMEATION; SIMULATION; GROWTH; MODELS; SKIN AB Drug release by diffusion from an unstressed thin polymer film with a dissolved crystallizable component was simulated using a kinetic Monte Carlo model. This model was used previously to study Ostwald ripening in a high crystallizable component regime and was shown to correctly simulate solvation, diffusion, and precipitation. In this study, the same model with modifications was applied to the drug transportation and release in the low concentration regime of interest to the transdermal drug delivery system (TDS) community. We demonstrate the model's utility by simulating diffusion, crystal precipitation, growth and shrinkage during storage, and drug release from the thin TDS to a surface under different conditions. The simulation results provide a first approximation for the drug release profile occurring from TDS to skin. It has been reported that growth of drug crystals in TDS occurs mainly in the middle third of the polymer layer at relatively higher temperatures. The results from the simulations showed that the release rate and concentration profile of a TDS depend on the dissolution process of the crystal. At low storage temperature, the drug precipitates to form small evenly distributed crystals throughout the thickness of the TDS patch. The release rate of these small, evenly distributed crystals most closely matched that of a completely dissolved drug. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Polymer Text & Fiber Engn, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Jacob, KI (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Polymer Text & Fiber Engn, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 31 PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 1333 EP 1340 DI 10.1021/la052544q PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 008VF UT WOS:000235068100069 PM 16430302 ER PT J AU Gary, SP Yin, L Winske, D Steinberg, JT Skoug, RM AF Gary, SP Yin, L Winske, D Steinberg, JT Skoug, RM TI Solar wind ion scattering by Alfven-cyclotron fluctuations: ion temperature anisotropies versus relative alpha particle densities SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PITCH-ANGLE DIFFUSION; VELOCITY DISTRIBUTIONS; ACCELERATION; PROTON; WAVES; RESONANCE; DRIVEN; INSTABILITIES; SIMULATIONS; CORONA AB Analysis of plasma data from the ACE spacecraft for 4 months of solar wind observations shows negative statistical correlations between the T-perpendicular to/T-parallel to of alpha particles and the relative alpha particle density, as well as between the T-.perpendicular to/T-parallel to of the protons and the relative alpha particle density. Here, the subscripts refer to directions perpendicular and parallel to the background magnetic field. Hybrid computer simulations of the interaction between an applied spectrum of steady Alfven-cyclotron fluctuations and a solar-wind-like plasma also show negative correlations between the alpha particle and proton temperature anisotropies and the relative alpha particle density. These results imply that these correlations are signatures of ion scattering by Alfven-cyclotron fluctuations, and that such scattering occurs sporadically in the solar wind near Earth. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM pgary@lanl.gov; lyin@lanl.gov; winske@lanl.gov; jsteinberg@lanl.gov; rskoug@lanl.gov OI Yin, Lin/0000-0002-8978-5320; Steinberg, John/0000-0003-2491-1661 NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD JAN 31 PY 2006 VL 8 AR 17 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/8/1/017 PG 17 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 007ZU UT WOS:000235010800003 ER PT J AU Bleuel, M Broll, M Lang, E Littrell, K Gahler, R Lal, J AF Bleuel, M Broll, M Lang, E Littrell, K Gahler, R Lal, J TI First tests of a MIEZE (modulated intensity by Zero effort)-type instrument on a pulsed neutron source SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE neutron spin echo; small angle neutron scattering; pulsed neutron source AB In this paper we report the results of our first tests of a novel proof-of-principle instrument developed at the IPNS, Argonne. The experiment was performed on the time of flight POSY1 instrument, the polarized reflectometer at the IPNS, which was modified to, generating a modulated intensity by zero effort (MIEZE)-type accommodate the apparatus. Two sets of RF-flippers were tested together. neutron resonant spin echo signal which was observed at the detector using a wide neutron wavelength hand. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Tech Univ Munich, D-84748 Garching, Germany. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. RP Bleuel, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mbleuel@anl.gov RI Littrell, Kenneth/D-2106-2013 OI Littrell, Kenneth/0000-0003-2308-8618 NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JAN 31 PY 2006 VL 371 IS 2 BP 297 EP 301 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2005.10.124 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 009KS UT WOS:000235111400015 ER PT J AU Correa, AA Bonev, SA Galli, G AF Correa, AA Bonev, SA Galli, G TI Carbon under extreme conditions: Phase boundaries and electronic properties from first-principles theory SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE phase transitions; melting; high pressure; molecular dynamics; metalization ID GIANT PLANETS; HIGH-PRESSURE; DIAMOND; INTERIORS; STABILITY; DIAGRAM; SILICON; TRANSFORMATION; TEMPERATURES; TRANSITIONS AB At high pressure and temperature, the phase diagram of elemental carbon is poorly known. We present predictions of diamond and BC8 melting lines and their phase boundary in the solid phase, as obtained from first-principles calculations. Maxima are found in both melting lines, with a triple point located at approximate to 850 GPa and approximate to 7,400 K. Our results show that hot, compressed diamond is a semiconductor that undergoes metalization upon melting. In contrast, in the stability range of BC8, an insulator to metal transition is likely to occur in the solid phase. Close to the diamond/liquid and BC8/liquid boundaries, molten carbon is a low-coordinated metal retaining some covalent character in its bonding up to extreme pressures. Our results provide constraints on the carbon equation of state, which is of critical importance for devising models of Neptune, Uranus, and white dwarf stars, as well as of extrasolar carbon-rich planets. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. RP Galli, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM gagalli@ucdavis.edu NR 49 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 3 U2 28 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 31 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1204 EP 1208 DI 10.1073/pnas.0510489103 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 009EO UT WOS:000235094300011 PM 16432191 ER PT J AU Corbett, MC Hu, YL Fay, AW Ribbe, MW Hedman, B Hodgson, KO AF Corbett, MC Hu, YL Fay, AW Ribbe, MW Hedman, B Hodgson, KO TI Structural insights into a protein-bound iron-molybdenum cofactor precursor SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE biosynthesis; extended x-ray absorption fine structure; nitrogenase; x-ray absorption spectroscopy ID AZOTOBACTER-VINELANDII NITROGENASE; FE-ONLY NITROGENASE; MOFE-PROTEIN; NIFB COFACTOR; K-EDGE; CLUSTERS; FIXATION; EXAFS; MECHANISM; SULFUR AB The iron-molybdenum cofactor (FeMoco) of the nitrogenase MoFe protein is a highly complex metallocluster that provides the catalytically essential site for biological nitrogen fixation. FeMoco is assembled outside the MoFe protein in a stepwise process requiring several components, including NifB-co, an iron- and sulfur-containing FeMoco precursor, and NifEN1, an intermediary assembly protein on which NifB-co is presumably converted to FeMoco. Through the comparison of Azotobacter vinelandii strains expressing the NifEN protein in the presence or absence of the nifB gene, the structure of a NifEN-bound FeMoco precursor has been analyzed by x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The results provide physical evidence to support a mechanism for FeMoco biosynthesis. The NifEN-bound precursor is found to be a molybdenum-free analog of FeMoco and not one of the more commonly suggested cluster types based on a standard [4Fe-4S] architecture. A facile scheme by which FeMoco and alternative, non-molybdenum-containing nitrogenase cofactors are constructed from this common precursor is presented that has important implications for the biosynthesis and biomimetic chemical synthesis of FeMoco. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ribbe, MW (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM mribbe@ucl.edu; hedman@ssrl.slac.stanford.edu; hodgson@ssrl.slac.stanford.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR001209, RR 01209]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 67626, R01 GM067626] NR 46 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 12 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 31 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1238 EP 1243 DI 10.1073/pnas.0507853103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 009EO UT WOS:000235094300017 PM 16423898 ER PT J AU Alfonso, DR AF Alfonso, DR TI Comparative studies of CO and H2O interactions with Pd(111) surface: A theoretical study of poisoning SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN PERMEATION; PALLADIUM MEMBRANE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; ADSORPTION; WATER; DESORPTION; DEPENDENCE; COVERAGE; PD(100); POINTS AB Detailed density functional theory calculations were carried out to investigate the adsorption and dissociation of CO and H2O on Pd(111). The bonding of CO on the surface is found to be stronger that H2O. This finding does not support the previous suggestion that the stronger poisoning effect displayed by H2O on a Pd membrane, in comparison to CO, is due its higher binding energy. Instead, our results show that dissociation of H2O is a more facile process compared to CO. The dissociation of H2O gives rise to adsorbed O which is a better poison than CO.(c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Parsons Project Serv Inc, South Pk, PA 15129 USA. RP Alfonso, DR (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM alfonso@netl.doe.gov NR 26 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 30 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 5 AR 051908 DI 10.1063/1.2170428 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 009TQ UT WOS:000235136700030 ER PT J AU Crocombette, JP Chartier, A Weber, WJ AF Crocombette, JP Chartier, A Weber, WJ TI Atomistic simulation of amorphization thermokinetics in lanthanum pyrozirconate SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IRRADIATION-INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; NUCLEAR-WASTE; IMMOBILIZATION; PYROCHLORE; PLUTONIUM; CERAMICS; DAMAGE AB The kinetics of amorphization in La2Zr2O7 pyrochlore is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. Irradiation damage is simulated by continuous accumulation of cation Frenkel pairs at various temperatures. As observed experimentally, La2Zr2O7 first transitions to the fluorite structure, independent of the temperature, and amorphization occurs at low temperatures. A model fit of the simulated dose-temperature curve reproduces experimental results in the literature, with a low temperature amorphization dose D-0=1.1 displacement per cation and an activation energy E-act=0.036 eV. Present simulations indicate that point defect recombination can control the temperature dependence of amorphization driven by point defect accumulation. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 CEA Saclay, DEN, DMN, SRMP, F-91991 Gif Sur Yvette, France. CEA Saclay, DEN, DPC, SCP, F-91991 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Crocombette, JP (reprint author), CEA Saclay, DEN, DMN, SRMP, F-91991 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM jpcrocombette@cea.fr RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Crocombette, Jean-Paul/E-7681-2012 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Crocombette, Jean-Paul/0000-0001-9543-3973 NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 30 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 5 AR 051912 DI 10.1063/1.2171651 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 009TQ UT WOS:000235136700034 ER PT J AU Ji, Y Hoffmann, A Pearson, JE Bader, SD AF Ji, Y Hoffmann, A Pearson, JE Bader, SD TI Enhanced spin injection polarization in Co/Cu/Co nonlocal lateral spin valves SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; ACCUMULATION; DIFFUSION AB Nonlocal spin injection is demonstrated in Co/Cu/Co lateral spin valves. Measurement of a series of structures with varying Cu length between the Co electrodes permits a direct determination of both the Cu spin diffusion length lambda(s) and the spin injection polarization P at the Co/Cu interface. The value of lambda(s) is 200 +/- 20 nm at 10 K and >= 110 nm at 300 K, which is shorter than previously reported, due to the possible presence of impurities in the Cu. However, the value of P is > 7%, which is improved compared with previous reports of 2%, which is attributed to a higher interfacial quality.(c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ji, Y (reprint author), Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM yji@anl.gov RI Ji, Yi/K-8027-2012; Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013; Hoffmann, Axel/A-8152-2009 OI Hoffmann, Axel/0000-0002-1808-2767 NR 14 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 30 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 5 AR 052509 DI 10.1063/1.2170138 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 009TQ UT WOS:000235136700062 ER PT J AU Tsetseris, L Wang, SW Pantelides, ST AF Tsetseris, L Wang, SW Pantelides, ST TI Thermal donor formation processes in silicon and the catalytic role of hydrogen SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN COMPLEXES; DIFFUSION; ACTIVATION; ENERGY; SI; PASSIVATION; REGROWTH; DIMER; GE AB We report the results of first-principles calculations on the interactions of hydrogen with oxygen clusters in silicon and other processes that relate to the formation of thermal donors (TD). We find that pre-existing small O clusters transform to thermal donors with a low activation energy of 1.15 eV. Clusters formed due to O-H codiffusion bind H strongly in TD precursor configurations and H release requires high temperatures to overcome a 1.9 eV barrier, a value in agreement with experiments on the dissociation of TD-H complexes. Repeated trapping and release from such clusters establish a catalytic role for H in TD formation. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tsetseris, L (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. NR 37 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 34 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 30 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 5 AR 051916 DI 10.1063/1.2168680 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 009TQ UT WOS:000235136700038 ER PT J AU Yu, R Zhan, Q Zhang, XF AF Yu, R Zhan, Q Zhang, XF TI Elastic stability and electronic structure of pyrite type PtN2: A hard semiconductor SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PLATINUM NITRIDE; GAS AB The elastic properties and electronic structure of PtN2 with the pyrite structure [PtN2(C2)] were studied with first-principles calculations. The crystal structure is demonstrated to be elastically stable with a lower energy than the metastable fluorite structure proposed before. The calculated shear modulus of 214 GPa suggests that PtN2(C2) is harder than some well-known hard materials such as TiN and SiC. The high elastic moduli are attributed to a stacking of corner-shared PtN6 octahedra bonded by strong N-N covalent bonding. In contrast to the metallic fluorite-type phase, PtN2(C2) is semiconducting with an indirect band gap.(c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Yu, Rong/A-3011-2008 OI Yu, Rong/0000-0003-1687-3597 NR 30 TC 92 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 30 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 5 AR 051913 DI 10.1063/1.2168683 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 009TQ UT WOS:000235136700035 ER PT J AU Liang, CD Huang, JF Li, ZJ Luo, HM Dai, S AF Liang, CD Huang, JF Li, ZJ Luo, HM Dai, S TI A diazonium salt-based ionic liquid for solvent-free modification of carbon SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE diazo compounds; ionic liquids; surface chemistry; synthesis design; mesoporous materials ID ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION; SURFACE FUNCTIONALIZATION; COVALENT MODIFICATION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; STATIONARY PHASES; EXTRACTION; NANOTUBES; CONDUCTIVITIES; ELECTROLYTES; MOLECULES AB A novel ionic liquid that consists of p-butylbenzenediazonium ions and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amidates (Tf2N-) has been synthesized as a task-specific ionic liquid for the solvent-free modification of carbon materials. The use of anions Tf2N- is the key to rendering the hydrophobicity, low liquidus temperature, and ionicity to this novel molten salt. This diazonium salt has a melting point of 7.2 degrees C and a moderate electric conductivity of 527 mu s/cm at 25 degrees C. The thermal stability of this diazonium ionic liquid has been investigated by high-resolution thermogravimetric analysis (HRTGA). The compound is stable up to about 90 degrees C in nitrogen, which is only 10 degrees C less than its solid tetrafluoroborate counterpart. The modification of carbon materials has been carried out through both thermal and electrochemical activations of diazonium ions to generate free radical intermediates without the use of any solvent. The surface-coverage loadings of 3.38 mu mol/m(2) and 6.07 mu mol/m(2) for covalently attached organic functionalities have been achieved by the thermally induced functionalization and electrochemically assisted reaction, respectively. ((c) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006) C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liang, CD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dais@ornl.gov RI Liang, Chengdu/G-5685-2013; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 43 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1434-193X EI 1099-0690 J9 EUR J ORG CHEM JI Eur. J. Org. Chem. PD JAN 30 PY 2006 IS 3 BP 586 EP 589 DI 10.1002/ejoc.200500894 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 012OR UT WOS:000235349000004 ER PT J AU Grillet, AM Mondy, LA AF Grillet, AM Mondy, LA TI Microstructure development in concentrated suspensions in a spinning ball rheometer SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE suspension; micro structure; boundary element method; flow-induced structure; rheology ID PARTICLE MIGRATION; ARBITRARY SHAPE; SOLID SPHERES; STOKES-FLOW; SHEAR-FLOW; SIMULATIONS; DIFFUSION; RHEOLOGY; TRACKING AB The spinning ball rheometer has been proposed as a method to measure the microstructure effect on the bulk rheological properties of concentrated suspensions. Recent experiments have shown that the measured extra torque on the spinning ball decreases as the radius of the spinning ball becomes comparable to the size of the suspended particle. We have performed a series of three-dimensional boundary element calculations of the rheometer geometry to probe the microstructure effects that contribute to that apparent slip. We present a series of quasi-static results based on random initial configurations as well as fully three-dimensional transient calculations, both of which are compared to the available experimental data. For the two cases, the apparent viscosity decreased as the size of the spinning ball decreased relative to the suspended particle. Comparison of the quasi-static and transient simulations indicates that the microstructure development is critical even at short times. In the transient calculations, the viscosity was observed to increase substantially relative to the torque based on the random initial configuration. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM amgrill@sandia.gov; lamondy@sandia.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0271-2091 EI 1097-0363 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD JAN 30 PY 2006 VL 50 IS 3 BP 263 EP 273 DI 10.1002/fld.1046 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 003TJ UT WOS:000234704200001 ER PT J AU Martinez, MJ AF Martinez, MJ TI Comparison of Galerkin and control volume finite element for advection-diffusion problems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE advection-diffusion; control volume finite element; streamline upwind control volume; numerical conservation ID COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; NAPL GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION; GENERALIZED FOURIER ANALYSES; STREAMLINE UPWIND SCHEME; FORMULATION; EQUATION; FLOW; CONVECTION; DOMAINS AB The control volume finite element method (CVFEM) was developed to combine the local numerical conservation property of control volume methods with the unstructured grid and generality of finite element methods (FEMs). Most implementations of CVFEM include mass-lumping and upwinding techniques typical of control volume schemes. In this work we compare, via numerical error analysis, CVFEM and FEM utilizing consistent and lumped mass implementations, and stabilized Petrov-Galerkin streamline upwind schemes in the context of advection-diffusion processes. For this type of problem, we find no apparent advantage to the local numerical conservation aspect of CVFEM as compared to FEM. The stabilized schemes improve accuracy and degree of positivity on coarse grids, and also reduce iteration counts for advection-dominated problems. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Martinez, MJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mjmarti@sandia.gov NR 34 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0271-2091 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD JAN 30 PY 2006 VL 50 IS 3 BP 347 EP 376 DI 10.1002/fld.1060 PG 30 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 003TJ UT WOS:000234704200004 ER PT J AU Bryman, D Buras, AJ Isidori, G Littenberg, L AF Bryman, D Buras, AJ Isidori, G Littenberg, L TI K-L -> pi(0) nu(nu)over-bar as a probe of new physics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE Kaon physics; rare decays; CP violation ID RARE KAON DECAYS; STANDARD MODEL; K-DECAY; B-DECAY; UNITARITY TRIANGLE; BRANCHING RATIO; QCD CORRECTIONS; QUARK MASS; K->PI-NU(NU)OVER-BAR; EPSILON'/EPSILON AB We summarize the theoretical virtues of the rare K -> pi v (v) over bar decays and emphasize the unique role of K-L -> pi(0)v (v) over bar in probing the nature of physics beyond the Standard Model, in particular concerning possible new sources of CP violation and flavor-symmetry breaking. A brief summary of the prospects for the measurement of the K-L -> pi(0)v (v) over bar rate is also given. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, 6224 Agr Rd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. EM Gino.Isidori@lnf.infn.it OI Bryman, Douglas/0000-0002-9691-0775 NR 62 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X EI 1793-656X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD JAN 30 PY 2006 VL 21 IS 3 BP 487 EP 504 DI 10.1142/S0217751X06028448 PG 18 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 025TE UT WOS:000236289000005 ER PT J AU Gaillard, MK Kain, B AF Gaillard, MK Kain, B TI Is the universal string axion the QCD axion? SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE LAGRANGIAN ANALYSIS; DEPENDENT GAUGE COUPLINGS; SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; LOOP CORRECTIONS; MASSLESS LIMIT; HIDDEN SECTOR; D-TERMS; CONDENSATION; MATTER; SUPERGRAVITY AB We consider the class of effective supergravity theories from the weakly coupled heterotic string in which local supersymmetry is broken by gaugino condensation in a hidden sector, with dilaton stabilization achieved through corrections to the classical dilaton Kahler potential. If there is a single hidden condensing (simple) gauge group, the axion is massless (up to contributions from higher dimension operators) above the QCD condensation scale. We show how the standard relation between the axion mass and its Planck scale coupling constant is modified in this class of models due to a contribution to the axion-gluon coupling that appears below the scale of supersymmetry breaking when gluinos are integrated out. In particular there is a point of enhanced symmetry in parameter space where the axion mass is suppressed. We revisit the question of the universal axion as the Peccei-Quinn axion in the light of these results, and find that the strong CP problem is avoided in most compactifications of the weakly coupled heterotic string. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gaillard, MK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Bldg 50A5104, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mkgaillard@lbl.gov; bkain@berkeley.edu NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD JAN 30 PY 2006 VL 734 IS 1-2 BP 116 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2005.11.009 PG 22 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 003ON UT WOS:000234691600005 ER PT J AU Glascoe, EA Kling, MF Shanoski, JE Harris, CB AF Glascoe, EA Kling, MF Shanoski, JE Harris, CB TI Nature and role of bridged carbonyl intermediates in the ultrafast photoinduced rearrangement of Ru-3(CO)(12) SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID TRIRUTHENIUM CLUSTER RU3(CO)12; TRANSITION-METAL-COMPLEXES; PHOTOCHEMICAL FRAGMENTATION; FLASH-PHOTOLYSIS; EXCITED-STATES; DENSITY; DODECACARBONYL; CO; PHOTOSUBSTITUTION; PHOTOREACTIONS AB The photochemistry of the trimetal cluster RU(CO)(12) was investigated on the ultrafast time scale using UV-vis pump, infrared probe spectroscopy in order to study the transient intermediates formed upon photoexcitation. The dynamics of these intermediates can only be unambiguously identified by monitoring the small but distinct infrared absorptions of bridging carbonyls. The nature and role of bridging carbonyl intermediates in the photochemistry of RU(CO)(12) in both coordinating and noncoordinating solvents is discussed. In an inert solvent such as cyclohexane, photoexcitation of RU3(CO)(12) with 400 nm light produces two different species that have never been observed simultaneously. The first species is a carbonyl loss complex with a bridging carbonyl that forms in 134 +/- 22 ps and survives beyond 800 ps; the second species is a bridging carbonyl complex with one metal-metal bond cleaved that forms in 23 3 ps and has a lifetime of 60 +/- 5 ps. When 266 nm light was used to photoexcite the cluster, both species exhibit similar dynamics. This is the first time multiple bridging carbonyl intermediates have been observed simultaneously for this cluster, and this observation resolves an inconsistency in the literature. Interestingly, in neat solutions of THF only one feature was observed in the bridging carbonyl region, yet the dynamics of the feature and density functional theory (DFT) results indicate that there are, in fact, two bridging carbonyl complexes with overlapping bands. These results were surprising, as it was previously unknown whether THF would block formation of bridging carbonyl complexes by solvating and stabilizing the coordinatively unsaturated metal. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Harris, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cbharris@berkeley.edu RI Kling, Matthias/D-3742-2014; OI Kling, Matthias/0000-0002-1710-0775 NR 35 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD JAN 30 PY 2006 VL 25 IS 3 BP 775 EP 784 DI 10.1021/om050795o PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 006ON UT WOS:000234906900028 ER PT J AU Lerch, EBW Dai, XC Gilb, S Torres, EA Leone, SR AF Lerch, EBW Dai, XC Gilb, S Torres, EA Leone, SR TI Control of Li-2 wave packet dynamics by modification of the quantum mechanical amplitude of a single state SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID E((1)SIGMA(+)(G)) SHELF STATE; SUB-DOPPLER SPECTROSCOPY; FEMTOSECOND LASER-PULSES; INTERMEDIATE STATE; LARGE MOLECULES; PHASE-CONTROL; LIGHT AB Sequences of pulses with different spectra are used to control rotational wave packet dynamics in Li-2 by exploiting quantum interference phenomena. Wave packet superpositions are excited in a two-step resonant Raman process by two different pulses. Interferences between individual states shared by both wave packets can be used to enhance or destroy specific components of a superposition by varying the time delay between the pulses and/or the relative phase within the pulses. Elimination of selected quantum beats is achieved by greater than 94% for each case. A simple, yet effective, method for generating different color phase-locked pairs of laser pulses in a liquid-crystal pulse shaper setup without the need for interferometric stabilization schemes is described. The ability to manipulate single states of a superposition is an important advancement for intuitive control schemes and provides a potential new approach for initialization schemes in the field of quantum information. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Leone, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM srl@berkeley.edu RI Dai, Xingcan/B-3556-2014 NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 28 PY 2006 VL 124 IS 4 AR 044306 DI 10.1063/1.2158990 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 007OP UT WOS:000234979300020 PM 16460161 ER PT J AU Nemec, T Marsik, F Palmer, DA AF Nemec, T Marsik, F Palmer, DA TI Binary nucleation of water and sodium chloride SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; HOMOGENEOUS NUCLEATION; SURFACE-TENSION; PHASE AB Nucleation processes in the binary water-sodium chloride system are investigated in the sense of the classical nucleation theory (CNT). The CNT is modified to be able to handle the electrolytic nature of the system and is employed to investigate the acceleration of the nucleation process due to the presence of sodium chloride in the steam. This phenomenon, frequently observed in the Wilson zone of steam turbines, is called early condensation. Therefore, the nucleation rates of the water-sodium chloride mixture are of key importance in the power cycle industry. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Thermomech, Prague 18200 8, Czech Republic. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nemec, T (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Thermomech, Dolejskova 5, Prague 18200 8, Czech Republic. EM nemec@it.cas.cz RI Nemec, Tomas/B-2433-2009; Marsik, Frantisek/G-8395-2014 OI Nemec, Tomas/0000-0002-3456-933X; NR 20 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 28 PY 2006 VL 124 IS 4 AR 044509 DI 10.1063/1.2162880 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 007OP UT WOS:000234979300046 PM 16460187 ER PT J AU You, ZQ Hsu, CP Fleming, GR AF You, ZQ Hsu, CP Fleming, GR TI Triplet-triplet energy-transfer coupling: Theory and calculation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-HARVESTING COMPLEX; TRANSFER-MATRIX-ELEMENTS; INTRAMOLECULAR ELECTRON-TRANSFER; AB-INITIO; AROMATIC CRYSTALS; PURPLE BACTERIA; MO CALCULATIONS; THROUGH-BOND; BASIS-SETS; CAROTENOIDS AB Triplet-triplet (TT) energy transfer requires two molecular fragments to exchange electrons that carry different spin and energy. In this paper, we analyze and report values of the electronic coupling strengths for TT energy transfer. Two different methods were proposed and tested: (1) Directly calculating the off-diagonal Hamiltonian matrix element. This direct coupling scheme was generalized from the one used for electron transfer coupling, where two spin-localized unrestricted Hartree-Fock wave functions are used as the zero-order reactant and product states, and the off-diagonal Hamiltonian matrix elements are calculated directly. (2) From energy gaps derived from configuration-interaction-singles (CIS) scheme. Both methods yielded very similar results for the systems tested. For TT coupling between a pair of face-to-face ethylene molecules, the exponential attenuation factor is 2.59 A(-1)(CIS/6-311+G(**)), which is about twice as large as typical values for electron transfer. With a series of fully stacked polyene pairs, we found that the TT coupling magnitudes and attenuation rates are very similar irrespective of their molecular size. If the polyenes were partially stacked, TT couplings were much reduced, and they decay more rapidly with distance than those of full-stacked systems. Our results showed that the TT coupling arises mainly from the region of close contact between the donor and acceptor frontier orbitals, and the exponential decay of the coupling with separation depends on the details of the molecular contacts. With our calculated results, nanosecond or picosecond time scales for TT energy-transfer rates are possible. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Acad Sinica, Inst Chem, Taipei 115, Taiwan. Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Inst Mol Sci, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hsu, CP (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Chem, 128 Acad Rd Sect 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan. EM cherri@sinica.edu.tw RI Hsu, Chao-Ping/E-1303-2011 OI Hsu, Chao-Ping/0000-0002-7187-427X NR 50 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 28 PY 2006 VL 124 IS 4 AR 044506 DI 10.1063/1.2155433 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 007OP UT WOS:000234979300043 PM 16460184 ER PT J AU Pahlow, M Feingold, G Jefferson, A Andrews, E Ogren, JA Wang, J Lee, YN Ferrare, RA Turner, DD AF Pahlow, M Feingold, G Jefferson, A Andrews, E Ogren, JA Wang, J Lee, YN Ferrare, RA Turner, DD TI Comparison between lidar and nephelometer measurements of aerosol hygroscopicity at the Southern Great Plains Atmospheric Radiation Measurement site SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR; RAMAN LIDAR; HUMIDIFICATION FACTORS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; SIZE; PARTICLES; SURFACE; BACKSCATTERING; SENSITIVITY AB [1] Aerosol hygroscopicity has a significant effect on radiative properties of aerosols. Here a lidar method, applicable to cloud-capped, well-mixed atmospheric boundary layers, is employed to determine the hygroscopic growth factor f(RH) under unperturbed, ambient atmospheric conditions. The data used for the analysis were collected under a wide range of atmospheric aerosol levels during both routine measurement periods and during the intensive operations period (IOP) in May 2003 at the Southern Great Plains (SGP) Climate Research Facility in Oklahoma, USA, as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement ( ARM) program. There is a good correlation ( similar to 0.7) between a lidar-derived growth factor ( measured over the range 85% RH to 96% RH) with a nephelometer-derived growth factor measured over the RH range 40% to 85%. For these RH ranges, the slope of the lidar-derived growth curve is much steeper than that of the nephelometer-derived growth curve, reflecting the rapid increase in particle size with increasing RH. The results are corroborated by aerosol model calculations of lidar backscatter and nephelometer equivalent f( RH) based on in situ aerosol size and composition measurements during the IOP. It is suggested that the lidar method can provide useful measurements of the dependence of aerosol optical properties on relative humidity and under conditions closer to saturation than can currently be achieved with humidified nephelometers. C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pahlow, M (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Hydrol Wasserwirtschaft & Umwelttech, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. EM markus.pahlow@rub.de; graham.feingold@noaa.gov; anne.jefferson@noaa.gov; betsy.andrews@noaa.gov; john.a.ogren@noaa.gov; jian@bnl.gov; ynlee@bnl.gov; richard.a.ferrare@nasa.gov; dave.turner@pnl.gov RI Jefferson, Anne/K-4793-2012; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Wang, Jian/G-9344-2011; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583; NR 27 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 28 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D5 AR D05S15 DI 10.1029/2004JD005646 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 008GC UT WOS:000235027200001 ER PT J AU Rissman, TA VanReken, TM Wang, J Gasparini, R Collins, DR Jonsson, HH Brechtel, FJ Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH AF Rissman, TA VanReken, TM Wang, J Gasparini, R Collins, DR Jonsson, HH Brechtel, FJ Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH TI Characterization of ambient aerosol from measurements of cloud condensation nuclei during the 2003 Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Aerosol Intensive Observational Period at the Southern Great Plains site in Oklahoma SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE CRITICAL SUPERSATURATION; HYGROSCOPIC GROWTH MEASUREMENTS; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; HUMIDIFIED TDMA; FOREST-FIRE; THERMODYNAMICS; ELECTROLYTES; TRANSPORT; CLOSURE; SMOKE AB [1] Measurements were made by a new cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) instrument (CCNC3) during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement ( ARM) Program's Aerosol Intensive Observational Period (IOP) in May 2003 in Lamont, Oklahoma. An inverse aerosol/ CCN closure study is undertaken, in which the predicted number concentration of particles available for activation (N-P) at the CCNC3 operating supersaturations is compared to that observed (N-O). N-P is based on Kohler Theory, with assumed and inferred aerosol composition and mixing state, and the airborne aerosol size distribution measured by the Caltech Dual Automatic Classified Aerosol Detector ( DACAD). An initial comparison of NO and NP, assuming the ambient aerosol is pure ammonium sulfate ((NH4)(2)SO4), results in closure ratios (N-P/N-O) ranging from 1.18 to 3.68 over the duration of the IOP, indicating that the aerosol is less hygroscopic than (NH4)(2)SO4. N-P and N-O are found to agree when the modeled aerosol population has characteristics of an external mixture of particles, in which insoluble material is preferentially distributed among particles with small diameters (< 50 nm) and purely insoluble particles are present over a range of diameters. The classification of sampled air masses by closure ratio and aerosol size distribution is discussed in depth. Inverse aerosol/ CCN closure analysis can be a valuable means of inferring aerosol composition and mixing state when direct measurements are not available, especially when surface measurements of aerosol composition and mixing state are not sufficient to predict CCN concentrations at altitude, as was the case under the stratified aerosol layer conditions encountered during the IOP. C1 CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft S, Marina, CA 93933 USA. Brechtel Mfg Inc, Hayward, CA 94544 USA. RP Rissman, TA (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM seinfeld@caltech.edu RI Collins, Don/F-9617-2012; Wang, Jian/G-9344-2011 NR 38 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 28 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D5 AR D05S11 DI 10.1029/2004JD005695 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 008GC UT WOS:000235027200002 ER PT J AU Foley, EL Levinton, FM AF Foley, EL Levinton, FM TI A collisional-radiative model including sublevel parameters (CRISP) for H-alpha radiation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID METASTABLE HYDROGEN-ATOMS; SPHERICAL TOKAMAK; LASER EXCITATION; BEAM PRODUCTION; CROSS-SECTIONS; ELECTRON LOSS; N=3 STATES; PLASMA; GASES; EMISSION AB We have developed a new kind of collisional-radiative model for a hydrogen beam which could find wide application in fusion-related experiments. The model differs from previously reported models in that it incorporates detailed calculations of the variation with the magnetic field of the transition probabilities and energy levels of all the fine-structure sublevels of the n = 1, n = 2 and n = 3 states of hydrogen. This technique is termed CRISP, for collisional-radiative including sublevel parameters. The model can treat separately all 18 sublevels of the n = 3 level, all 8 sublevels of the n = 2 level and both 2 sublevels of the n = I level. In this paper, we describe the model, which includes the effects on electronic level populations of collisional processes with background gas as well as radiative transitions. The dependence of the radiative transition terms in the collisional-radiative model on background fields is calculated using the perturbation theory and includes the fine structure of the transitions as well as the Zeeman and motional Stark effects. We also present results which agree well with experimental data for an enhanced laser-induced fluorescence signal seen from a hydrogen neutral beam in a perpendicular applied magnetic field of 0-10 mT with a background of neutral gas. This work may have application in the measurement of magnetic fields in environments that are not appropriate for magnetic probes. We expect the CRISP model approach to have application in calibration of motional Stark effect diagnostics on existing fusion experiments, and an extension of the modelling may enable an alternative motional Stark effect measurement of the magnetic field magnitude and direction on many devices. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Nova Photon Inc, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Foley, EL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM foley@novaphotonics.com NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JAN 28 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 2 BP 443 EP 453 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/39/2/018 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 014DA UT WOS:000235457800021 ER PT J AU Boal, AK Bachand, GD Rivera, SB Bunker, BC AF Boal, AK Bachand, GD Rivera, SB Bunker, BC TI Interactions between cargo-carrying biomolecular shuttles SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE KINESIN MOLECULES; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; MOTOR PROTEINS; MICROTUBULES; SURFACES; DRIVEN; NANODEVICE; TRANSPORT; MOVEMENT AB Microtubule shuttles propelled by the motor protein kinesin embedded in self-assembled monolayers are being developed for active transport functions in artificial microfluidic systems. As a model system, biotinylated microtubules have been laden with streptavidin-coated particles as cargo. The behaviour of cargo-laden microtubules has been observed using fluorescence microscopy upon activation of kinesin-driven transport processes. Collisions between mobile microtubules and their particulate cargo result in six distinct behaviours: bypass, microtubule bending, particle knock-off, particle transfers between nicrotubules, co-joining of microtubules to a common particle, and particle-induced severing of microtubules. The distribution of observed events can be described qualitatively on the basis of the mechanics of motor proteins and microtubules, the geometry of the collision events, and the loading rate dependence of the strength of microtubule-particle binding. Implications of the results for the use of motor proteins in active transport and cargo-handling systems for nanomaterials are described. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Boal, AK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0603, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bcbunke@sandia.gov NR 39 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD JAN 28 PY 2006 VL 17 IS 2 BP 349 EP 354 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/17/2/001 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 010TW UT WOS:000235221800002 ER PT J AU Yuzvinsky, TD Fennimore, AM Kis, A Zettl, A AF Yuzvinsky, TD Fennimore, AM Kis, A Zettl, A TI Controlled placement of highly aligned carbon nanotubes for the manufacture of arrays of nanoscale torsional actuators SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PMMA AB We have fabricated ordered arrays of nanoscale torsional actuators consisting of metal mirrors bonded to precisely oriented multiwall carbon nanotubes. The fabrication is facilitated by a new nanotube positioning method which employs localized electron beam activation of polymer residue on a silicon oxide surface. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Integrated Nanomech Syst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zettl, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM azettl@berkeley.edu RI Kis, Andras/A-4631-2011; Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016; OI Kis, Andras/0000-0002-3426-7702; Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X; Yuzvinsky, Thomas/0000-0001-5708-2877 NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD JAN 28 PY 2006 VL 17 IS 2 BP 434 EP 438 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/17/2/015 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 010TW UT WOS:000235221800016 ER PT J AU Maurer, EP Gibbard, S Duffy, PB AF Maurer, EP Gibbard, S Duffy, PB TI Amplification of streamflow impacts of El Nino by increased atmospheric greenhouse gases SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID JOAQUIN RIVER-BASIN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER-RESOURCES; UNITED-STATES; CALIFORNIA; PRECIPITATION; HYDROLOGY; CO2 AB Some El Nino events produce unusually large precipitation amounts in Northern and Central California. We use a high-resolution global model of the atmosphere coupled to a physically-based model of surface hydrology to investigate effects of increased atmospheric CO2 and this type of El Nino, both individually and in combination, on monthly river flows in California. Increased CO2 changes the seasonal timing of river flows and increases their variability. SST anomalies typical of a strong El Nino SST increase monthly-mean flows. The two perturbations together result in increased mean flows and increased variability, raising the possibility of both increased flood risk and water shortages. The river flow response to this strong El Nino in an increased CO2 climate is significantly different from the sum of the responses to the individual perturbations. C1 Santa Clara Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Santa Clara Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. EM emaurer@engr.scu.edu RI Maurer, Edwin/C-7190-2009 OI Maurer, Edwin/0000-0001-7134-487X NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 27 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 2 AR L02707 DI 10.1029/2005GL025100 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 008FQ UT WOS:000235026000007 ER PT J AU Anderson, JC Clarke, EJ Arkin, AP Voigt, CA AF Anderson, JC Clarke, EJ Arkin, AP Voigt, CA TI Environmentally controlled invasion of cancer cells by engineered bacteria SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE invasin; synthetic biology; cancer; therapeutic bacteria; lux ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; YERSINIA-PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; CYTOSINE DEAMINASE; VIBRIO-FISCHERI; GENE-EXPRESSION; THERAPY; PROTEIN; RECOMBINANT AB Bacteria can sense their environment, distinguish between cell types, and deliver proteins to eukaryotic cells. Here, we engineer the interaction between bacteria and cancer cells to depend on heterologous environmental signals. We have characterized invasin from Yersinia pseudotuburculosis as an output module that enables Escherichia coli to invade cancer-derived cells, including HeLa, HepG2, and U2OS lines. To environmentally restrict invasion, we placed this module under the control of heterologous sensors. With the Vibrio fischeri lux quorum sensing circuit, the hypoxia-responsive fdhF promoter, or the arabinose-inducible araBAD promoter, the bacteria invade cells at densities greater than 10(8) bacteria/ml, after growth in an anaerobic growth chamber or in the presence of 0.02% arabinose, respectively. In the process, we developed a technique to tune the linkage between a sensor and output gene using ribosome binding site libraries and genetic selection. This approach could be used to engineer bacteria to sense the microenvironment of a tumor and respond by invading cancerous cells and releasing a cytotoxic agent. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Calif Inst Quantitat Biol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Calif Inst Quantitat Biol, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, Biophys Program, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA. RP Arkin, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Calif Inst Quantitat Biol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, 717 Potter St,Room 257, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aparkin@lbl.gov RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008 OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [5R01GM63525-3] NR 53 TC 256 Z9 270 U1 9 U2 98 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD JAN 27 PY 2006 VL 355 IS 4 BP 619 EP 627 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.10.076 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 003PE UT WOS:000234693300003 PM 16330045 ER PT J AU Adler, SS Afanasiev, S Aidala, C Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Alexander, J Amirikas, R Aphecetche, L Aronson, SH Averbeck, R Awes, TC Azmoun, R Babintsev, V Baldisseri, A Barish, KN Barnes, PD Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Batsouli, S Baublis, V Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Berdnikov, Y Bhagavatula, S Boissevain, JG Borel, H Borenstein, S Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, JM Butsyk, S Camard, X Chai, JS Chand, P Chang, WC Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choi, IJ Choi, J Choudhury, RK Chujo, T Cianciolo, V Cobigo, Y Cole, BA Constantin, P d'Enterria, D David, G Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Devismes, A Dietzsch, O Drapier, O Drees, A du Rietz, R Durum, A Dutta, D Efremenko, YV Egdemir, J El Chenawi, K Enokizono, A En'yo, H Esumi, S Ewell, L Fields, DE Fleuret, F Fokin, SL Fox, BD Fraenkel, Z Frantz, JE Franz, A Frawley, AD Fung, SY Garpman, S Ghosh, TK Glenn, A Gogiberidze, G Gonin, M Gosset, J Goto, Y de Cassagnac, RG Grau, N Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Guryn, W Gustafsson, HA Hachiya, T Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hartouni, EP Harvey, M Hayano, R Hayashi, N He, X Heffner, M Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hibino, M Hill, JC Holzmann, W Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Ichihara, T Ikonnikov, VV Imai, K Isenhower, D Ishihara, M Issah, M Isupov, A Jacak, BV Jang, WY Jeong, Y Jia, J Jinnouchi, O Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Jouan, D Kametani, S Kamihara, N Kang, JH Kapoor, SS Katou, K Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DH Kim, DJ Kim, DW Kim, E Kim, GB Kim, HJ Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Kiyoyama, K Klein-Boesing, C Kobayashi, H Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Koehler, D Kohama, T Kopytine, M Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kuberg, CH Kurita, K Kuroki, Y Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Ladygin, V Lajoie, JG Lebedev, A Leckey, S Lee, DM Lee, S Leitch, MJ Li, XH Lim, H Litvinenko, A Liu, MX Liu, Y Maguire, CF Makdisi, YI Malakhov, A Manko, VI Mao, Y Martinez, G Marx, MD Masui, H Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McGaughey, PL Melnikov, E Messer, F Miake, Y Milan, J Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mischke, RE Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Muhlbacher, F Mukhopadhyay, D Muniruzzaman, M Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagle, JL Nakamura, T Nandi, BK Nara, M Newby, J Nilsson, P Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Okada, K Ono, M Onuchin, V Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Oyama, K Ozawa, K Pal, D Palounek, APT Pantuev, V Papavassiliou, V Park, J Parmar, A Pate, SF Peitzmann, T Peng, JC Peresedov, V Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Plasil, F Purschke, ML Purwar, AK Rak, J Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reuter, M Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Roche, G Romana, A Rosati, M Rosnet, P Ryu, SS Sadler, ME Saito, N Sakaguchi, T Sakai, M Sakai, S Samsonov, V Sanfratello, L Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shaw, MR Shea, TK Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shiina, T Silva, CL Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Singh, CP Singh, V Sivertz, M Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sondheim, WE Sorensen, SP Sourikova, IV Staley, F Stankus, PW Stenlund, E Stepanov, M Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tamai, M Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Tanida, K Tannenbaum, MJ Tarjan, P Tepe, JD Thomas, TL Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tserruya, I Tsuruoka, H Tuli, SK Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N van Hecke, HW Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Veszpremi, V Villatte, L Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vznuzdaev, E Wang, XR Watanabe, Y White, SN Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yang, Y Yanovich, A Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, C Zhou, S Zhou, SJ Zolin, L AF Adler, SS Afanasiev, S Aidala, C Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Alexander, J Amirikas, R Aphecetche, L Aronson, SH Averbeck, R Awes, TC Azmoun, R Babintsev, V Baldisseri, A Barish, KN Barnes, PD Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Batsouli, S Baublis, V Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Berdnikov, Y Bhagavatula, S Boissevain, JG Borel, H Borenstein, S Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, JM Butsyk, S Camard, X Chai, JS Chand, P Chang, WC Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choi, IJ Choi, J Choudhury, RK Chujo, T Cianciolo, V Cobigo, Y Cole, BA Constantin, P d'Enterria, D David, G Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Devismes, A Dietzsch, O Drapier, O Drees, A du Rietz, R Durum, A Dutta, D Efremenko, YV Egdemir, J El Chenawi, K Enokizono, A En'yo, H Esumi, S Ewell, L Fields, DE Fleuret, F Fokin, SL Fox, BD Fraenkel, Z Frantz, JE Franz, A Frawley, AD Fung, SY Garpman, S Ghosh, TK Glenn, A Gogiberidze, G Gonin, M Gosset, J Goto, Y de Cassagnac, RG Grau, N Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Guryn, W Gustafsson, HA Hachiya, T Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hartouni, EP Harvey, M Hayano, R Hayashi, N He, X Heffner, M Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hibino, M Hill, JC Holzmann, W Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Ichihara, T Ikonnikov, VV Imai, K Isenhower, D Ishihara, M Issah, M Isupov, A Jacak, BV Jang, WY Jeong, Y Jia, J Jinnouchi, O Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Jouan, D Kametani, S Kamihara, N Kang, JH Kapoor, SS Katou, K Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DH Kim, DJ Kim, DW Kim, E Kim, GB Kim, HJ Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Kiyoyama, K Klein-Boesing, C Kobayashi, H Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Koehler, D Kohama, T Kopytine, M Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kuberg, CH Kurita, K Kuroki, Y Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Ladygin, V Lajoie, JG Lebedev, A Leckey, S Lee, DM Lee, S Leitch, MJ Li, XH Lim, H Litvinenko, A Liu, MX Liu, Y Maguire, CF Makdisi, YI Malakhov, A Manko, VI Mao, Y Martinez, G Marx, MD Masui, H Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McGaughey, PL Melnikov, E Messer, F Miake, Y Milan, J Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mischke, RE Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Muhlbacher, F Mukhopadhyay, D Muniruzzaman, M Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagle, JL Nakamura, T Nandi, BK Nara, M Newby, J Nilsson, P Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Okada, K Ono, M Onuchin, V Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Oyama, K Ozawa, K Pal, D Palounek, APT Pantuev, V Papavassiliou, V Park, J Parmar, A Pate, SF Peitzmann, T Peng, JC Peresedov, V Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Plasil, F Purschke, ML Purwar, AK Rak, J Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reuter, M Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Roche, G Romana, A Rosati, M Rosnet, P Ryu, SS Sadler, ME Saito, N Sakaguchi, T Sakai, M Sakai, S Samsonov, V Sanfratello, L Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shaw, MR Shea, TK Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shiina, T Silva, CL Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Singh, CP Singh, V Sivertz, M Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sondheim, WE Sorensen, SP Sourikova, IV Staley, F Stankus, PW Stenlund, E Stepanov, M Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tamai, M Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Tanida, K Tannenbaum, MJ Tarjan, P Tepe, JD Thomas, TL Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tserruya, I Tsuruoka, H Tuli, SK Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N van Hecke, HW Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Veszpremi, V Villatte, L Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vznuzdaev, E Wang, XR Watanabe, Y White, SN Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yang, Y Yanovich, A Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, C Zhou, S Zhou, SJ Zolin, L CA PHENIX Collaboration TI Nuclear modification of electron spectra and implications for heavy quark energy loss in Au + Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; PLUS AU; COLLISIONS; DISTRIBUTIONS; FLAVOR; FLOW AB The PHENIX experiment has measured midrapidity (vertical bar eta vertical bar < 0.35) transverse momentum spectra (0.4 < p(T)< 5.0 GeV/c) of electrons as a function of centrality in Au+Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV. Contributions from photon conversions and from light hadron decays, mainly Dalitz decays of pi(0) and eta mesons, were removed. The resulting nonphotonic electron spectra are primarily due to the semileptonic decays of hadrons carrying heavy quarks. Nuclear modification factors were determined by comparison to nonphotonic electrons in p+p collisions. A significant suppression of electrons at high p(T) is observed in central Au+Au collisions, indicating substantial energy loss of heavy quarks. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Abilene Christian Univ, Abilene, TX 79699 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. CIAE, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Ctr Nucl Study, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. CEA Saclay, Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Debrecen, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. IHEP Protvino, State Res Ctr Russian Federat, Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142281, Russia. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. KAERI, Cyclotron Applicat Lab, Seoul, South Korea. Kangnung Natl Univ, Kangnung 210702, South Korea. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Hungarian Acad Sci, KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, MTA KFKI RMKI, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Russian Res Ctr, Kurchatov Inst, Moscow, Russia. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Clermont Ferrand, LPC, CNRS, IN2P3, F-63177 Aubiere, France. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Myongji Univ, Yongin 449728, Kyonggido, South Korea. Nagasaki Inst Appl Sci, Nagasaki 8510193, Japan. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Paris 11, IPN Orsay, F-91406 Orsay, France. PNPI, Gatchina 188300, Leningrad Reg, Russia. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. St Petersburg State Polytech Univ, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Seoul Natl Univ, Syst Elect Lab, Seoul, South Korea. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Nantes, CNRS, IN2P3, Ecole Mines Nantes,SUBATECH, F-44307 Nantes, France. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Waseda Univ, Adv Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1620044, Japan. Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Yonsei Univ, IPAP, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Adler, SS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM zajc@nevis.columbia.edu RI seto, richard/G-8467-2011; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; du Rietz, Rickard/I-3794-2013; En'yo, Hideto/B-2440-2015; Hayano, Ryugo/F-7889-2012; HAMAGAKI, HIDEKI/G-4899-2014; Durum, Artur/C-3027-2014; Sorensen, Soren /K-1195-2016; Yokkaichi, Satoshi/C-6215-2017; Taketani, Atsushi/E-1803-2017; Semenov, Vitaliy/E-9584-2017 OI Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; du Rietz, Rickard/0000-0002-9884-9058; Hayano, Ryugo/0000-0002-1214-7806; Sorensen, Soren /0000-0002-5595-5643; Taketani, Atsushi/0000-0002-4776-2315; NR 26 TC 292 Z9 294 U1 13 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 27 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 3 AR 032301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.032301 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 007LA UT WOS:000234969300021 PM 16486687 ER PT J AU Adler, SS Afanasiev, S Aidala, C Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Alexander, J Amirikas, R Aphecetche, L Aronson, SH Averbeck, R Awes, TC Azmoun, R Babintsev, V Baldisseri, A Barish, KN Barnes, PD Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Batsouli, S Baublis, V Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Berdnikov, Y Bhagavatula, S Boissevain, JG Borel, H Borenstein, S Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, JM Butsyk, S Camard, X Chai, JS Chand, P Chang, WC Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choi, IJ Choi, J Choudhury, RK Chujo, T Cianciolo, V Cobigo, Y Cole, BA Constantin, P d'Enterria, D David, G Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Devismes, A Dietzsch, O Drapier, O Drees, A du Rietz, R Durum, A Dutta, D Efremenko, YV Chenawi, KE Enokizono, A En'yo, H Esumi, S Ewell, L Fields, DE Fleuret, F Fokin, SL Fox, BD Fraenkel, Z Frantz, JE Franz, A Frawley, AD Fung, SY Garpman, S Ghosh, TK Glenn, A Gogiberidze, G Gonin, M Gosset, J Goto, Y de Cassagnac, RG Grau, N Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Guryn, W Gustafsson, HA Hachiya, T Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hartouni, EP Harvey, M Hayano, R Hayashi, N He, X Heffner, M Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hibino, M Hill, JC Holzmann, W Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Ichihara, T Ikonnikov, VV Imai, K Isenhower, D Ishihara, M Issah, M Isupov, A Jacak, BV Jang, WY Jeong, Y Jia, J Jinnouchi, O Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Jouan, D Kametani, S Kamihara, N Kaneta, M Kang, JH Kapoor, SS Katou, K Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DH Kim, DJ Kim, DW Kim, E Kim, GB Kim, HJ Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Kiyoyama, K Klein-Boesing, C Kobayashi, H Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Koehler, D Kohama, T Kopytine, M Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kuberg, CH Kurita, K Kuroki, Y Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Ladygin, V Lajoie, JG Lebedev, A Leckey, S Lee, DM Lee, S Leitch, MJ Li, XH Lim, H Litvinenko, A Liu, MX Liu, Y Maguire, CF Makdisi, YI Malakhov, A Manko, VI Mao, Y Martinez, G Marx, MD Masui, H Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McGaughey, PL Melnikov, E Messer, F Miake, Y Milan, J Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mischke, RE Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Muhlbacher, F Mukhopadhyay, D Muniruzzaman, M Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagle, JL Nakamura, T Nandi, BK Nara, M Newby, J Nilsson, P Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Okada, K Ono, M Onuchin, V Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Oyama, K Ozawa, K Pal, D Palounek, APT Pantuev, V Papavassiliou, V Park, J Parmar, A Pate, SF Peitzmann, T Peng, JC Peresedov, V Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Plasil, F Purschke, ML Purwar, AK Rak, J Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reuter, M Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Roche, G Romana, A Rosati, M Rosnet, P Ryu, SS Sadler, ME Saito, N Sakaguchi, T Sakai, M Sakai, S Samsonov, V Sanfratello, L Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shaw, MR Shea, TK Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shiina, T Silva, CL Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Singh, CP Singh, V Sivertz, M Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sondheim, WE Sorensen, SP Sourikova, IV Staley, F Stankus, PW Stenlund, E Stepanov, M Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tamai, M Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Tanida, K Tannenbaum, MJ Tarjan, P Tepe, JD Thomas, TL Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tserruya, I Tsuruoka, H Tuli, SK Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N van Hecke, HW Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Veszpremi, V Villatte, L Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vznuzdaev, E Wang, XR Watanabe, Y White, SN Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yang, Y Yanovich, A Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, C Zhou, S Zhou, SJ Zolin, L AF Adler, SS Afanasiev, S Aidala, C Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Alexander, J Amirikas, R Aphecetche, L Aronson, SH Averbeck, R Awes, TC Azmoun, R Babintsev, V Baldisseri, A Barish, KN Barnes, PD Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Batsouli, S Baublis, V Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Berdnikov, Y Bhagavatula, S Boissevain, JG Borel, H Borenstein, S Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, JM Butsyk, S Camard, X Chai, JS Chand, P Chang, WC Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choi, IJ Choi, J Choudhury, RK Chujo, T Cianciolo, V Cobigo, Y Cole, BA Constantin, P d'Enterria, D David, G Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Devismes, A Dietzsch, O Drapier, O Drees, A du Rietz, R Durum, A Dutta, D Efremenko, YV Chenawi, KE Enokizono, A En'yo, H Esumi, S Ewell, L Fields, DE Fleuret, F Fokin, SL Fox, BD Fraenkel, Z Frantz, JE Franz, A Frawley, AD Fung, SY Garpman, S Ghosh, TK Glenn, A Gogiberidze, G Gonin, M Gosset, J Goto, Y de Cassagnac, RG Grau, N Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Guryn, W Gustafsson, HA Hachiya, T Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hartouni, EP Harvey, M Hayano, R Hayashi, N He, X Heffner, M Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hibino, M Hill, JC Holzmann, W Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Ichihara, T Ikonnikov, VV Imai, K Isenhower, D Ishihara, M Issah, M Isupov, A Jacak, BV Jang, WY Jeong, Y Jia, J Jinnouchi, O Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Jouan, D Kametani, S Kamihara, N Kaneta, M Kang, JH Kapoor, SS Katou, K Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DH Kim, DJ Kim, DW Kim, E Kim, GB Kim, HJ Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Kiyoyama, K Klein-Boesing, C Kobayashi, H Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Koehler, D Kohama, T Kopytine, M Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kuberg, CH Kurita, K Kuroki, Y Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Ladygin, V Lajoie, JG Lebedev, A Leckey, S Lee, DM Lee, S Leitch, MJ Li, XH Lim, H Litvinenko, A Liu, MX Liu, Y Maguire, CF Makdisi, YI Malakhov, A Manko, VI Mao, Y Martinez, G Marx, MD Masui, H Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McGaughey, PL Melnikov, E Messer, F Miake, Y Milan, J Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mischke, RE Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Muhlbacher, F Mukhopadhyay, D Muniruzzaman, M Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagle, JL Nakamura, T Nandi, BK Nara, M Newby, J Nilsson, P Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Okada, K Ono, M Onuchin, V Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Oyama, K Ozawa, K Pal, D Palounek, APT Pantuev, V Papavassiliou, V Park, J Parmar, A Pate, SF Peitzmann, T Peng, JC Peresedov, V Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Plasil, F Purschke, ML Purwar, AK Rak, J Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reuter, M Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Roche, G Romana, A Rosati, M Rosnet, P Ryu, SS Sadler, ME Saito, N Sakaguchi, T Sakai, M Sakai, S Samsonov, V Sanfratello, L Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shaw, MR Shea, TK Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shiina, T Silva, CL Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Singh, CP Singh, V Sivertz, M Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sondheim, WE Sorensen, SP Sourikova, IV Staley, F Stankus, PW Stenlund, E Stepanov, M Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tamai, M Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Tanida, K Tannenbaum, MJ Tarjan, P Tepe, JD Thomas, TL Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tserruya, I Tsuruoka, H Tuli, SK Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N van Hecke, HW Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Veszpremi, V Villatte, L Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vznuzdaev, E Wang, XR Watanabe, Y White, SN Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yang, Y Yanovich, A Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, C Zhou, S Zhou, SJ Zolin, L CA PHENIX Collaboration TI Measurement of identified pi(0) and inclusive photon second-harmonic parameter v(2) and implications for direct photon production in root s(NN)=200 GeVAu+Au SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COLLISIONS AB The azimuthal distribution of identified pi(0) and inclusive photons has been measured in root s(NN)=200 GeV Au+Au collisions with the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC). The second-harmonic parameter (v(2)) was measured to describe the observed anisotropy of the azimuthal distribution. The measured inclusive photon v(2) is consistent with the value expected for the photons from hadron decay and is also consistent with the lack of direct photon signal over the measured p(T) range 1-6 GeV/c. An attempt is made to extract v(2) of direct photons. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Abilene Christian Univ, Abilene, TX 79699 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. CIAE, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Tokyo, Ctr Nucl Study, Grad Sch Sci, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. CEA Saclay, Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Debrecen, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. IHEP Protvino, State Res Ctr Russian Federat, Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142281, Russia. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. KAERI, Cyclotron Applicat Lab, Seoul, South Korea. Kangnung Natl Univ, Kangnung 210702, South Korea. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. FKKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, H-1525 Budapest 114, Hungary. Hungarian Acad Sci, MTA KFKI RMKI, H-1525 Budapest 114, Hungary. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Russian Res Ctr, Kurchatov Inst, Moscow, Russia. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Clermont Ferrand, LPC, CNRS, IN2P3, F-63177 Clermont Ferrand, France. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Myongji Univ, Yongin 449728, Kyonggido, South Korea. Nagasaki Inst Appl Sci, Nagasaki 8510193, Japan. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Paris 11, IPN Orsay, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91406 Orsay, France. PNPI, Gatchina, Leningrad Reg, Russia. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. St Petersburg State Polytech Univ, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Seoul Natl Univ, Syst Elect Lab, Seoul, South Korea. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Nantes, CNRS, IN2P3, Ecole Mines Nantes,SUBATECH, F-44307 Nantes, France. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Waseda Univ, Adv Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1620044, Japan. Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Yonsei Univ, IPAP, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Adler, SS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM zajc@nevis.columbia.edu RI seto, richard/G-8467-2011; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; du Rietz, Rickard/I-3794-2013; En'yo, Hideto/B-2440-2015; Hayano, Ryugo/F-7889-2012; HAMAGAKI, HIDEKI/G-4899-2014; Durum, Artur/C-3027-2014; Yokkaichi, Satoshi/C-6215-2017; Taketani, Atsushi/E-1803-2017; Semenov, Vitaliy/E-9584-2017 OI Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; du Rietz, Rickard/0000-0002-9884-9058; Hayano, Ryugo/0000-0002-1214-7806; Taketani, Atsushi/0000-0002-4776-2315; NR 26 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 6 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 27 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 3 AR 032302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.032302 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 007LA UT WOS:000234969300022 PM 16486688 ER PT J AU Adler, SS Afanasiev, S Aidala, C Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Alexander, J Amirikas, R Aphecetche, L Aronson, SH Averbeck, R Awes, TC Azmoun, R Babintsev, V Baldisseri, A Barish, KN Barnes, PD Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Batsouli, S Baublis, V Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Berdnikov, Y Bhagavatula, S Boissevain, JG Borel, H Borenstein, S Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, JM Butsyk, S Camard, X Chai, J-S Chand, P Chang, WC Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choi, IJ Choi, J Choudhury, RK Chujo, T Cianciolo, V Cobigo, Y Cole, BA Constantin, P d'Enterria, D David, G Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Devismes, A Dietzsch, O Drapier, O Drees, A du Rietz, R Durum, A Dutta, D Efremenko, YV Chenawi, KE Enokizono, A En'yo, H Esumi, S Ewell, L Fields, DE Fleuret, F Fokin, SL Fox, BD Fraenkel, Z Frantz, JE Franz, A Frawley, AD Fung, S-Y Garpman, S Ghosh, TK Glenn, A Gogiberidze, G Gonin, M Gosset, J Goto, Y de Cassagnac, RG Grau, N Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Guryn, W Gustafsson, H-A Hachiya, T Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hartouni, EP Harvey, M Hayano, R Hayashi, N He, X Heffner, M Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hibino, M Hill, JC Holzmann, W Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Ichihara, T Ikonnikov, VV Imai, K Isenhower, D Ishihara, M Issah, M Isupov, A Jacak, BV Jang, WY Jeong, Y Jia, J Jinnouchi, O Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Jouan, D Kametani, S Kamihara, N Kang, JH Kapoor, SS Katou, K Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DH Kim, DJ Kim, DW Kim, E Kim, G-B Kim, HJ Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Kiyoyama, K Klein-Boesing, C Kobayashi, H Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Koehler, D Kohama, T Kopytine, M Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kuberg, CH Kurita, K Kuroki, Y Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Ladygin, V Lajoie, JG Lebedev, A Leckey, S Lee, DM Lee, S Leitch, MJ Li, XH Lim, H Litvinenko, A Liu, MX Liu, Y Maguire, CF Makdisi, YI Malakhov, A Manko, VI Mao, Y Martinez, G Marx, MD Masui, H Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McGaughey, PL Melnikov, E Messer, F Miake, Y Milan, J Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mischke, RE Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Muhlbacher, F Mukhopadhyay, D Muniruzzaman, M Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagle, JL Nakamura, T Nandi, BK Nara, M Newby, J Nilsson, P Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Okada, K Ono, M Onuchin, V Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Oyama, K Ozawa, K Pal, D Palounek, APT Pantuev, V Papavassiliou, V Park, J Parmar, A Pate, SF Peitzmann, T Peng, J-C Peresedov, V Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Plasil, F Purschke, ML Purwar, AK Rak, J Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reuter, M Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Roche, G Romana, A Rosati, M Rosnet, P Ryu, SS Sadler, ME Saito, N Sakaguchi, T Sakai, M Sakai, S Samsonov, V Sanfratello, L Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shaw, MR Shea, TK Shibata, T-A Shigaki, K Shiina, T Silva, CL Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Singh, CP Singh, V Sivertz, M Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sondheim, WE Sorensen, SP Sourikova, IV Staley, F Stankus, PW Stenlund, E Stepanov, M Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tamai, M Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Tanida, K Tannenbaum, MJ Tarjan, P Tepe, JD Thomas, TL Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tserruya, I Tsuruoka, H Tuli, SK Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N van Hecke, HW Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Veszpremi, V Villatte, L Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vznuzdaev, E Wang, XR Watanabe, Y White, SN Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yang, Y Yanovich, A Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, C Zhou, S Zhou, SJ Zolin, L AF Adler, SS Afanasiev, S Aidala, C Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Alexander, J Amirikas, R Aphecetche, L Aronson, SH Averbeck, R Awes, TC Azmoun, R Babintsev, V Baldisseri, A Barish, KN Barnes, PD Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Batsouli, S Baublis, V Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Berdnikov, Y Bhagavatula, S Boissevain, JG Borel, H Borenstein, S Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, JM Butsyk, S Camard, X Chai, J-S Chand, P Chang, WC Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choi, IJ Choi, J Choudhury, RK Chujo, T Cianciolo, V Cobigo, Y Cole, BA Constantin, P d'Enterria, D David, G Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Devismes, A Dietzsch, O Drapier, O Drees, A du Rietz, R Durum, A Dutta, D Efremenko, YV Chenawi, KE Enokizono, A En'yo, H Esumi, S Ewell, L Fields, DE Fleuret, F Fokin, SL Fox, BD Fraenkel, Z Frantz, JE Franz, A Frawley, AD Fung, S-Y Garpman, S Ghosh, TK Glenn, A Gogiberidze, G Gonin, M Gosset, J Goto, Y de Cassagnac, RG Grau, N Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Guryn, W Gustafsson, H-A Hachiya, T Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hartouni, EP Harvey, M Hayano, R Hayashi, N He, X Heffner, M Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hibino, M Hill, JC Holzmann, W Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Ichihara, T Ikonnikov, VV Imai, K Isenhower, D Ishihara, M Issah, M Isupov, A Jacak, BV Jang, WY Jeong, Y Jia, J Jinnouchi, O Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Jouan, D Kametani, S Kamihara, N Kang, JH Kapoor, SS Katou, K Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DH Kim, DJ Kim, DW Kim, E Kim, G-B Kim, HJ Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Kiyoyama, K Klein-Boesing, C Kobayashi, H Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Koehler, D Kohama, T Kopytine, M Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kuberg, CH Kurita, K Kuroki, Y Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Ladygin, V Lajoie, JG Lebedev, A Leckey, S Lee, DM Lee, S Leitch, MJ Li, XH Lim, H Litvinenko, A Liu, MX Liu, Y Maguire, CF Makdisi, YI Malakhov, A Manko, VI Mao, Y Martinez, G Marx, MD Masui, H Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McGaughey, PL Melnikov, E Messer, F Miake, Y Milan, J Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mischke, RE Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Muhlbacher, F Mukhopadhyay, D Muniruzzaman, M Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagle, JL Nakamura, T Nandi, BK Nara, M Newby, J Nilsson, P Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Okada, K Ono, M Onuchin, V Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Oyama, K Ozawa, K Pal, D Palounek, APT Pantuev, V Papavassiliou, V Park, J Parmar, A Pate, SF Peitzmann, T Peng, J-C Peresedov, V Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Plasil, F Purschke, ML Purwar, AK Rak, J Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reuter, M Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Roche, G Romana, A Rosati, M Rosnet, P Ryu, SS Sadler, ME Saito, N Sakaguchi, T Sakai, M Sakai, S Samsonov, V Sanfratello, L Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shaw, MR Shea, TK Shibata, T-A Shigaki, K Shiina, T Silva, CL Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Singh, CP Singh, V Sivertz, M Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sondheim, WE Sorensen, SP Sourikova, IV Staley, F Stankus, PW Stenlund, E Stepanov, M Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tamai, M Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Tanida, K Tannenbaum, MJ Tarjan, P Tepe, JD Thomas, TL Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tserruya, I Tsuruoka, H Tuli, SK Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N van Hecke, HW Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Veszpremi, V Villatte, L Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vznuzdaev, E Wang, XR Watanabe, Y White, SN Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yang, Y Yanovich, A Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, C Zhou, S Zhou, SJ Zolin, L CA PHENIX Collaboration TI Single electrons from heavy-flavor decays in p + p collisions at root s=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; COLLISIONS; SUPPRESSION AB The invariant differential cross section for inclusive electron production in p+p collisions at root s=200 GeV has been measured by the PHENIX experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider over the transverse momentum range 0.4 <= p(T) <= 5.0 GeV/c in the central rapidity region (vertical bar eta vertical bar <= 0.35). The contribution to the inclusive electron spectrum from semileptonic decays of hadrons carrying heavy flavor, i.e., charm quarks or, at high p(T), bottom quarks, is determined via three independent methods. The resulting electron spectrum from heavy-flavor decays is compared to recent leading and next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations. The total cross section of charm quark-antiquark pair production is determined to be sigma(c (c) over bar) = 0.92 +/- 0.15(stat) +/- 0.54(syst) mb. C1 Abilene Christian Univ, Abilene, TX 79699 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Ctr Nucl Study, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. CEA Saclay, Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Debrecen Univ, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. State Res Ctr Russian Federat, IHEP Protvino, Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142281, Russia. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. KAERI, Cyclotron Applicat Lab, Seoul, South Korea. Kangnung Natl Univ, Kangnung 210702, South Korea. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Hungarian Acad Sci, KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, MTA, RMKI, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Russian Res Ctr, IV Kurchatov Atom Energy Inst, Moscow, Russia. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Clermont Ferrand, LPC, CNRS, IN2P3, F-63177 Aubiere, France. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Myongji Univ, Yongin 449728, Kyonggido, South Korea. Nagasaki Inst Appl Sci, Nagasaki 8510193, Japan. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Paris 11, IPN, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91406 Orsay, France. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Leningrad Reg, Russia. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. St Petersburg State Polytech Univ, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Seoul Natl Univ, Syst Elect Lab, Seoul, South Korea. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook Univ, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Nantes, CNRS, IN2P3, SUBATECH,Ecol Mines Nantes, F-44307 Nantes, France. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Waseda Univ, Adv Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1620044, Japan. Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Yonsei Univ, IPAP, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Zajc, WA (reprint author), Abilene Christian Univ, Abilene, TX 79699 USA. EM zajc@nevis.columbia.edu RI seto, richard/G-8467-2011; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; du Rietz, Rickard/I-3794-2013; En'yo, Hideto/B-2440-2015; Hayano, Ryugo/F-7889-2012; HAMAGAKI, HIDEKI/G-4899-2014; Durum, Artur/C-3027-2014; Yokkaichi, Satoshi/C-6215-2017; Taketani, Atsushi/E-1803-2017; Semenov, Vitaliy/E-9584-2017 OI Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; du Rietz, Rickard/0000-0002-9884-9058; Hayano, Ryugo/0000-0002-1214-7806; Taketani, Atsushi/0000-0002-4776-2315; NR 29 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 6 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 27 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 3 AR 032001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.032001 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 007LA UT WOS:000234969300018 PM 16486684 ER PT J AU Cheng, X Lechman, JB Fernandez-Barbero, A Grest, GS Jaeger, HM Karczmar, GS Mobius, ME Nagel, SR AF Cheng, X Lechman, JB Fernandez-Barbero, A Grest, GS Jaeger, HM Karczmar, GS Mobius, ME Nagel, SR TI Three-dimensional shear in granular flow SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID KINEMATICS; TRANSITION AB The evolution of granular shear flow is investigated as a function of height in a split-bottom Couette cell. Using particle tracking, magnetic-resonance imaging, and large-scale simulations, we find a transition in the nature of the shear as a characteristic height H-* is exceeded. Below H-* there is a central stationary core; above H-* we observe the onset of additional axial shear associated with torsional failure. Radial and axial shear profiles are qualitatively different: the radial extent is wide and increases with height, while the axial width remains narrow and fixed. C1 Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Radiol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Almeria, Dept Appl Phys, Complex Fluids Phys Grp, Almeria 04120, Spain. RP Cheng, X (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Cheng, Xiang/E-7494-2012; Mobius, Matthias/D-3140-2013; Cheng, Xiang/G-1802-2015 OI Mobius, Matthias/0000-0002-5509-8725; NR 14 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 27 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 3 AR 038001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.038001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 007LA UT WOS:000234969300108 PM 16486774 ER PT J AU Clark, RM Macchiavelli, AO Fortunato, L Krucken, R AF Clark, RM Macchiavelli, AO Fortunato, L Krucken, R TI Critical-point description of the transition from vibrational to rotational regimes in the pairing phase SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI; MODEL AB An approximate solution at the critical point of the pairing transition from harmonic vibration to deformed rotation in gauge space is found by analytic solution of the collective pairing Hamiltonian. The eigenvalues are expressed in terms of the zeros of Bessel functions of integer order. The results are compared to the pairing bands based on the Pb isotopes. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, Sez Padova, Padua, Italy. Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept E12, Garching, Germany. RP Clark, RM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Kruecken, Reiner/A-1640-2013; OI Kruecken, Reiner/0000-0002-2755-8042; Fortunato, Lorenzo/0000-0003-2137-635X NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 27 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 3 AR 032501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.032501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 007LA UT WOS:000234969300025 PM 16486691 ER PT J AU Demsar, J Thorsmolle, VK Sarrao, JL Taylor, AJ AF Demsar, J Thorsmolle, VK Sarrao, JL Taylor, AJ TI Photoexcited electron dynamics in Kondo insulators and heavy fermions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTORS; RELAXATION; LIFETIMES AB We have studied the photoexcited carrier relaxation dynamics in the Kondo insulator SmB6 and the heavy fermion metal YbAgCu4 as a function of temperature and excitation level. The dynamic response is found to be both strongly temperature dependent and nonlinear. The data are analyzed with a Rothwarf-Taylor bottleneck model, where the dynamics are governed by the presence of a narrow gap in the density of states near the Fermi level. The remarkable agreement with the model suggests that carrier relaxation in a broad class of heavy electron systems (both metals and insulators) is governed by the presence of a (weakly temperature dependent) hybridization gap. C1 Jozef Stefan Inst, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jozef Stefan Inst, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. RI Demsar, Jure/B-5578-2008; Thorsmolle, Verner/M-1095-2015; Demsar, Jure/F-7243-2016 OI Demsar, Jure/0000-0003-4551-7444; Thorsmolle, Verner/0000-0002-5890-4403; NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 27 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 3 AR 037401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.037401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 007LA UT WOS:000234969300099 PM 16486765 ER PT J AU Ionescu, TC Baig, C Edwards, BJ Keffer, DJ Habenschuss, A AF Ionescu, TC Baig, C Edwards, BJ Keffer, DJ Habenschuss, A TI Structure formation under steady-state isothermal planar elongational flow of n-eicosane: A comparison between simulation and experiment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION; POLYETHYLENE CRYSTALLIZATION; ALKANES; CHAIN; NUCLEATION; RHEOLOGY; MODEL AB We use nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the structural properties of an oriented melt of n-eicosane under steady-state planar elongational flow. The flow-induced structure was evaluated using the structure factor s(k) taken as the Fourier transform of the total pair correlation function g(r). We found that the equilibrium liquid structure factor is in excellent agreement with the one determined via x-ray diffraction. Moreover, a new x-ray diffraction experiment has been performed on a crystalline n-eicosane sample. The resulting intramolecular contribution to the structure factor was found to be in very good agreement with the simulated one at a high elongation rate, indicating the existence of a possible crystalline precursor structure. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ionescu, TC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Keffer, David/C-5133-2014; Baig, Chunggi/G-3154-2011 OI Keffer, David/0000-0002-6246-0286; Baig, Chunggi/0000-0001-8278-8804 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 27 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 3 AR 037802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.037802 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 007LA UT WOS:000234969300107 ER PT J AU Kim, E Nicol, M Cynn, H Yoo, CS AF Kim, E Nicol, M Cynn, H Yoo, CS TI Martensitic fcc-to-hcp transformations in solid xenon under pressure: A first-principles study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL PHASE-TRANSITIONS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; POLY-ATOMIC SYSTEMS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; GAS; XE; KR AB First-principles calculations reveal that the fcc-to-hcp pressure-induced transformation in solid xenon proceeds through two mechanisms between 5 and 70 GPa. The dynamics of the phase transition involves a sluggish stacking-disorder growth at lower pressures (path I) that changes to a path involving an orthorhombic distortion at higher pressures (path II). The switchover is governed by a delicate interplay of energetics (enthalpy of the system for the structural stability) and kinetics (energy barrier for the transition). The two types of martensitic transformations involved in this pressure-induced structural transformation are a twinned martensitic transition at lower pressures and a slipped martensitic transition at higher pressures. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Univ Nevada, High Pressure Sci & Engn Ctr, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, H Div, Phys & Adv Technol Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kim, E (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM kimej@physics.unlv.edu NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 27 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 3 AR 035504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.035504 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 007LA UT WOS:000234969300059 PM 16486725 ER PT J AU Li, J Carrier, P Wei, SH Li, SS Xia, JB AF Li, J Carrier, P Wei, SH Li, SS Xia, JB TI Mutual passivation of donors and isovalent nitrogen in GaAs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DILUTED GANXAS1-X ALLOYS; GROUP-IV DONORS; SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOYS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BAND; GAN(X)AS1-X; IMPURITIES; HYDROGEN AB We study the mutual passivation of shallow donor and isovalent N in GaAs. We find that all the donor impurities, Si-Ga, Ge-Ga, S-As, and Se-As, bind to N in GaAsN, which has a large N-induced band-gap reduction relative to GaAs. For a group-IV impurity such as Si, the formation of the nearest-neighbor Si-Ga-N-As defect complex creates a deep donor level below the conduction band minimum (CBM). The coupling between this defect level with the CBM pushes the CBM upwards, thus restoring the GaAs band gap; the lowering of the defect level relative to the isolated Si-Ga shallow donor level is responsible for the increased electrical resistivity. Therefore, Si and N mutually passivate each other's electrical and optical activities in GaAs. For a group-VI shallow donor such as S, the binding between S-As and N-As does not form a direct bond; therefore, no mutual passivation exists in the GaAs(S+N) system. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Superlattices & Microstruct, Inst Semicond, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009 NR 28 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 27 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 3 AR 035505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.035505 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 007LA UT WOS:000234969300060 PM 16486726 ER PT J AU Marciano, WJ Sirlin, A AF Marciano, WJ Sirlin, A TI Improved calculation of electroweak radiative corrections and the value of V-ud SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; CONSERVED-VECTOR-CURRENT; BETA-DECAY; O(ALPHA) CORRECTIONS; PERTURBATION-THEORY; GENERAL-PROPERTIES; PARITY VIOLATION; STANDARD-MODEL; GAUGE THEORIES; SUM-RULES AB A new method for computing hadronic effects on electroweak radiative corrections to low-energy weak interaction semileptonic processes is described. It employs high order perturbative QCD results originally derived for the Bjorken sum rule along with a large N QCD-motivated interpolating function that matches long- and short-distance loop contributions. Applying this approach to the extraction of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix element V-ud from superallowed nuclear beta decays reduces the theoretical loop uncertainty by about a factor of 2 and gives V-ud=0.973 77(11)(15)(19). Implications for CKM unitarity are briefly discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Marciano, WJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 39 TC 131 Z9 132 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 27 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 3 AR 032002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.032002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 007LA UT WOS:000234969300019 PM 16486685 ER PT J AU Mason, RJ AF Mason, RJ TI Heating mechanisms in short-pulse laser-driven cone targets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION; FUSION; BURN; PLASMAS AB The fast ignitor is a modern approach to laser fusion that uses a short-pulse laser to initiate thermonuclear burn. In its simplest form the laser launches relativistic electrons that carry its energy to a precompressed fusion target. Cones have been used to give the light access to the dense target core through the low-density ablative cloud surrounding it. Here the ANTHEM implicit hybrid simulation model shows that the peak ion temperatures measured in recent cone target experiments arose chiefly from return current joule heating, mildly supplemented by relativistic electron drag. Magnetic fields augment this heating only slightly, but capture hot electrons near the cone surface and force the hot electron stream into filaments. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mason, RJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rodmason01@msn.com NR 19 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 27 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 3 AR 035001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.035001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 007LA UT WOS:000234969300049 PM 16486715 ER PT J AU Pain, SD Catford, WN Orr, NA Angelique, JC Ashwood, NI Bouchat, V Clarke, NM Curtis, N Freer, M Fulton, BR Hanappe, F Labiche, M Lecouey, JL Lemmon, RC Mahboub, D Ninane, A Normand, G Soic, N Stuttge, L Timis, CN Tostevin, JA Winfield, JS Ziman, V AF Pain, SD Catford, WN Orr, NA Angelique, JC Ashwood, NI Bouchat, V Clarke, NM Curtis, N Freer, M Fulton, BR Hanappe, F Labiche, M Lecouey, JL Lemmon, RC Mahboub, D Ninane, A Normand, G Soic, N Stuttge, L Timis, CN Tostevin, JA Winfield, JS Ziman, V TI Structure of Be-12: Intruder d-wave strength at N=8 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SHELL CLOSURE; LIGHT-NUCLEI; STATES; LI-11 AB The breaking of the N=8 shell-model magic number in the Be-12 ground state has been determined to include significant occupancy of the intruder d-wave orbital. This is in marked contrast with all other N=8 isotones, both more and less exotic than Be-12. The occupancies of the 0h omega nu p(1/2) orbital and the 1h omega, nu d(5/2) intruder orbital were deduced from a measurement of neutron removal from a high-energy Be-12 beam leading to bound and unbound states in Be-11. C1 Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. ENSICAEN, Phys Corpusculaire Lab, F-14050 Caen, France. Univ Caen, CNRS, IN2P3, F-14050 Caen, France. Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Univ Libre Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. Univ Paisley, Paisley PA1 2BE, Renfrew, Scotland. CCLRC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Phys Nucl, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Strasbourg, CNRS, IN2P3, Inst Rech Subatom, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. RP Pain, SD (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Div Phys, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Pain, Steven/E-1188-2011; Soic, Neven/J-3911-2012; Freer, Martin/F-9379-2013 OI Pain, Steven/0000-0003-3081-688X; NR 32 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 27 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 3 AR 032502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.032502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 007LA UT WOS:000234969300026 PM 16486692 ER PT J AU Sanchez, R Nortershauser, W Ewald, G Albers, D Behr, J Bricault, P Bushaw, BA Dax, A Dilling, J Dombsky, M Drake, GWF Gotte, S Kirchner, R Kluge, HJ Kuhl, T Lassen, J Levy, CDP Pearson, MR Prime, EJ Ryjkov, V Wojtaszek, A Yan, ZC Zimmermann, C AF Sanchez, R Nortershauser, W Ewald, G Albers, D Behr, J Bricault, P Bushaw, BA Dax, A Dilling, J Dombsky, M Drake, GWF Gotte, S Kirchner, R Kluge, HJ Kuhl, T Lassen, J Levy, CDP Pearson, MR Prime, EJ Ryjkov, V Wojtaszek, A Yan, ZC Zimmermann, C TI Nuclear charge radii of Li-9,Li-11: The influence of halo neutrons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LI-11 AB The nuclear charge radius of Li-11 has been determined for the first time by high-precision laser spectroscopy. On-line measurements at TRIUMF-ISAC yielded a Li-7-Li-11 isotope shift (IS) of 25 101.23(13) MHz for the Doppler-free 2s S-2(1/2)-> 3s S-2(1/2) transition. IS accuracy for all other bound Li isotopes was also improved. Differences from calculated mass-based IS yield values for change in charge radius along the isotope chain. The charge radius decreases monotonically from Li-6 to Li-9, and then increases from 2.217(35) to 2.467(37) fm for Li-11. This is compared to various models, and it is found that a combination of halo neutron correlation and intrinsic core excitation best reproduces the experimental results. C1 Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Tubingen, Dept Phys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Windsor, Dept Phys, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. Univ New Brunswick, Dept Phys, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. RP Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. RI Kuhl, Thomas/C-2243-2012; Zimmermann, Claus/E-9598-2014; Yan, Zong-Chao/F-6668-2014; Nortershauser, Wilfried/A-6671-2013 OI Kuhl, Thomas/0000-0001-6306-4579; Nortershauser, Wilfried/0000-0001-7432-3687 NR 29 TC 176 Z9 178 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 27 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 3 AR 033002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.033002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 007LA UT WOS:000234969300029 PM 16486695 ER PT J AU Taleyarkhan, RP West, CD Lahey, RT Nigmatulin, RI Block, RC Xu, Y AF Taleyarkhan, RP West, CD Lahey, RT Nigmatulin, RI Block, RC Xu, Y TI Nuclear emissions during self-nucleated acoustic cavitation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DETECTORS AB A unique, new stand-alone acoustic inertial confinement nuclear fusion test device was successfully tested. Experiments using four different liquid types were conducted in which bubbles were self-nucleated without the use of external neutrons. Four independent detection systems were used (i.e., a neutron track plastic detector to provide unambiguous visible records for fast neutrons, a BF3 detector, a NE-113-type liquid scintillation detector, and a NaI gamma ray detector). Statistically significant nuclear emissions were observed for deuterated benzene and acetone mixtures but not for heavy water. The measured neutron energy was <= 2.45 MeV, which is indicative of deuterium-deuterium (D-D) fusion. Neutron emission rates were in the range similar to 5x10(3) n/s to similar to 10(4) n/s and followed the inverse law dependence with distance. Control experiments did not result in statistically significant neutron or gamma ray emissions. C1 Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Ufa 450000, Russia. RP Taleyarkhan, RP (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM rusi@purdue.edu RI Nigmatulin, Robert/A-7415-2016 NR 12 TC 50 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 27 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 3 AR 034301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.034301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 007LA UT WOS:000234969300043 PM 16486709 ER PT J AU van Gastel, R Bartelt, NC Kellogg, GL AF van Gastel, R Bartelt, NC Kellogg, GL TI Reversible shape transition of Pb islands on Cu(111) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DOMAINS; SURFACE; MONOLAYER; STRESS; GROWTH; STABILITY; LEED AB Using low-energy electron microscopy, we have observed a reversible transition in the shape of Pb adatom and vacancy islands on Cu(111). With increasing temperature, circular islands become elongated in one direction. In previous work we have shown that surface stress domain patterns are observed in this system with a characteristic feature size which decreases with increasing temperature. We show that the island shape transition occurs when the ratio of the island size to this characteristic feature size reaches a particular value. The observed critical ratio matches the value expected from stress domains. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Twente, MESA Inst Nanotechnol, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP van Gastel, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Bartelt, Norman/G-2927-2012 NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 27 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 3 AR 036106 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.036106 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 007LA UT WOS:000234969300073 PM 16486739 ER PT J AU Zeng, CG Yao, YG Niu, Q Weitering, HH AF Zeng, CG Yao, YG Niu, Q Weitering, HH TI Linear magnetization dependence of the intrinsic anomalous hall effect SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BERRY-PHASE; FERROMAGNETICS; DYNAMICS; MN5GE3 AB The anomalous Hall effect is investigated experimentally and theoretically for ferromagnetic thin films of Mn5Ge3. We have separated the intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to the experimental anomalous Hall effect and calculated the intrinsic anomalous Hall conductivity from the Berry curvature of the Bloch states using first-principles methods. The intrinsic anomalous Hall conductivity depends linearly on the magnetization, which can be understood from the long-wavelength fluctuations of the spin orientation at finite temperatures. The quantitative agreement between theory and experiment is remarkably good, not only near 0 K but also at finite temperatures, up to about similar to 240 K (0.8T(C)). C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zeng, CG (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Zhang, Jian-Min/A-7757-2012; Yao, Yugui/A-8411-2012; Niu, Qian/G-9908-2013 NR 24 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 27 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 3 AR 037204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.037204 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 007LA UT WOS:000234969300096 PM 16486762 ER PT J AU Zhou, CS Motter, AE Kurths, J AF Zhou, CS Motter, AE Kurths, J TI Universality in the synchronization of weighted random networks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCALE-FREE NETWORKS; COMPLEX NETWORKS; DYNAMICS AB Realistic networks display not only a complex topological structure, but also a heterogeneous distribution of weights in the connection strengths. Here we study synchronization in weighted complex networks and show that the synchronizability of random networks with a large minimum degree is determined by two leading parameters: the mean degree and the heterogeneity of the distribution of node's intensity, where the intensity of a node, defined as the total strength of input connections, is a natural combination of topology and weights. Our results provide a possibility for the control of synchronization in complex networks by the manipulation of a few parameters. C1 Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys, D-14415 Potsdam, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Zhou, CS (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys, PF 601553, D-14415 Potsdam, Germany. RI Zhou, Changsong /F-4707-2010 NR 23 TC 464 Z9 471 U1 9 U2 50 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 27 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 3 AR 034101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.034101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 007LA UT WOS:000234969300038 PM 16605885 ER PT J AU Ragauskas, AJ Williams, CK Davison, BH Britovsek, G Cairney, J Eckert, CA Frederick, WJ Hallett, JP Leak, DJ Liotta, CL Mielenz, JR Murphy, R Templer, R Tschaplinski, T AF Ragauskas, AJ Williams, CK Davison, BH Britovsek, G Cairney, J Eckert, CA Frederick, WJ Hallett, JP Leak, DJ Liotta, CL Mielenz, JR Murphy, R Templer, R Tschaplinski, T TI The path forward for biofuels and biomaterials SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID BIOMASS; WATER; TECHNOLOGIES; CHEMISTRY; LIQUOR; GROWTH; XYLOSE; ACID AB Biomass represents an abundant carbon-neutral renewable resource for the production of bioenergy and biomaterials, and its enhanced use would address several societal needs. Advances in genetics, biotechnology, process chemistry, and engineering are leading to a new manufacturing concept for converting renewable biomass to valuable fuels and products, generally referred to as the biorefinery. The integration of agroenergy crops and biorefinery manufacturing technologies offers the potential for the development of sustainable biopower and biomaterials that will lead to a new manufacturing paradigm. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Div Biol, London SW7 2AZ, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ragauskas, AJ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM arthur.ragauskas@chemistry.gatech.edu RI Williams, Charlotte/A-2503-2013; Hallett, Jason/A-3281-2012; Davison, Brian/D-7617-2013; Britovsek, George/J-8014-2016 OI Templer, Richard/0000-0002-9911-8011; Tschaplinski, Timothy/0000-0002-9540-6622; Williams, Charlotte/0000-0002-0734-1575; Ragauskas, Arthur/0000-0002-3536-554X; Hallett, Jason/0000-0003-3431-2371; Davison, Brian/0000-0002-7408-3609; Britovsek, George/0000-0001-9321-4814 NR 38 TC 2685 Z9 2826 U1 209 U2 1818 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 27 PY 2006 VL 311 IS 5760 BP 484 EP 489 DI 10.1126/science.1114736 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 008WM UT WOS:000235071400036 PM 16439654 ER PT J AU Deville, S Saiz, E Nalla, RK Tomsia, AP AF Deville, S Saiz, E Nalla, RK Tomsia, AP TI Freezing as a path to build complex composites SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HYDROXYAPATITE SCAFFOLDS; COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE; POROUS CERAMICS; NACRE; SOLIDIFICATION; FABRICATION; SYSTEMS; DESIGN; FIBERS AB Materials that are strong, ultralightweight, and tough are in demand for a range of applications, requiring architectures and components carefully designed from the micrometer down to the nanometer scale. Nacre, a structure found in many molluscan shells, and bone are frequently used as examples for how nature achieves this through hybrid organic-inorganic composites. Unfortunately, it has proven extremely difficult to transcribe nacre-like clever designs into synthetic materials, partly because their intricate structures need to be replicated at several length scales. We demonstrate how the physics of ice formation can be used to develop sophisticated porous and layered-hybrid materials, including artificial bone, ceramic-metal composites, and porous scaffolds for osseous tissue regeneration with strengths up to four times higher than those of materials currently used for implantation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Deville, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sdeville@lbl.gov OI Deville, Sylvain/0000-0002-3363-3184 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [5R01 DE015633] NR 30 TC 744 Z9 761 U1 52 U2 484 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 27 PY 2006 VL 311 IS 5760 BP 515 EP 518 DI 10.1126/science.1120937 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 008WM UT WOS:000235071400044 PM 16439659 ER PT J AU Houseworth, JE AF Houseworth, JE TI An analytical model for solute transport in unsaturated flow through a single fracture and porous rock matrix SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TRACER EXPERIMENTS; CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT; CRYSTALLINE ROCK; YUCCA MOUNTAIN; FISSURED ROCKS; DIFFUSION; MEDIA AB [1] An exact analytical solution is presented for solute transport in an unsaturated, vertical fracture and porous rock matrix. The problem includes advective transport in the fracture and rock matrix as well as advective and diffusive fracture-matrix exchange. Linear sorption and radioactive decay are also treated. The solution is derived under the assumptions that longitudinal diffusion and dispersion are negligible and that the fracture and rock properties are homogeneous. The water flux and saturation within the matrix are assumed to be steady and spatially uniform. The fracture flux, saturation, and wetted fracture-matrix interface area are steady but are allowed to be spatially variable. The problem is first solved in terms of solute concentrations that result from an instantaneous point source in the fracture. An integrated form of the solution is also derived for cumulative solute mass flux at a fixed downstream position. The closed-form analytical solution is expressed in terms of algebraic functions, exponentials, and error functions. Analyses indicate limited sensitivity to fracture porosity and fracture retardation under typical conditions but strong sensitivity to matrix diffusion, matrix retardation, and matrix imbibition. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Houseworth, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jehouseworth@lbl.gov RI Houseworth, James/D-8749-2015 NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN 27 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1 AR W01416 DI 10.1029/2004WR003770 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 008HE UT WOS:000235030000001 ER PT J AU Kwak, JH Herrera, JE Hu, JZ Wang, Y Peden, CHF AF Kwak, JH Herrera, JE Hu, JZ Wang, Y Peden, CHF TI A new class of highly dispersed VOx catalysts on mesoporous silica: Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic activity in the partial oxidation of ethanol SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL LA English DT Article DE vanadium oxid; MCM-41; atomic layer deposition; ethanol partial oxidation V-51-NMR; UV-vis DRS; Raman ID VANADIUM-OXIDE CATALYSTS; TEMPERATURE-PROGRAMMED REDUCTION; SPINNING NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; SKELETAL ISOMERIZATION; MONOLAYER CATALYSTS; METHANOL OXIDATION; ACTIVATED CARBON; TUNGSTEN-OXIDES AB The morphology of vanadium oxide supported on a titania-modified mesoporous silica (MCM-41), obtained by means of a careful grafting process through atomic layer deposition, was studied using a variety of characterization techniques. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) together with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), V-51 nuclear magnetic resonance (V-51-NMR), Raman, FTIR and DRS-UV/Vis results showed that the vanadia species are extremely well dispersed onto the surface of the mesoporous support; the dispersion being stable upon thermal treatments up to 400 degrees C. Studies of the catalytic activity of these materials were performed using the partial oxidation of ethanol as a probe reaction. The results indicate an intrinsic relationship between dispersion, the presence of a TiO2-VOx phase, and catalytic activity for oxidation and dehydration. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, POB 999,MS K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM chuck.peden@pnl.gov RI Hu, Jian Zhi/F-7126-2012; Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013; Kwak, Ja Hun/J-4894-2014; OI Peden, Charles/0000-0001-6754-9928 NR 59 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-860X EI 1873-3875 J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen. PD JAN 26 PY 2006 VL 300 IS 2 BP 109 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.apcata.2005.10.059 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 004YL UT WOS:000234788500003 ER PT J AU Liu, YG Daum, PH Yum, SS AF Liu, YG Daum, PH Yum, SS TI Analytical expression for the relative dispersion of the cloud droplet size distribution SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONDENSATION NUCLEI; SPECTRAL DISPERSION; PARAMETERIZATION; SENSITIVITY; CLIMATE; GROWTH AB An analytical expression that relates the relative dispersion ( ratio of standard deviation to mean radius) of the cloud droplet size distribution to CCN spectra and updraft velocity is derived from adiabatic growth theory of cloud droplets. Coupled with the Twomey expression for droplet concentration, the analytical expression is used to examine the relationship of relative dispersion to droplet concentration under different combinations of CCN spectra and updraft velocities. These analytical results compare favorably with the corresponding simulations of an adiabatic parcel model. The analytical expression theoretically demonstrates that an increase in aerosol loading ( CCN concentration) leads to concurrent increases in the droplet concentration and relative dispersion whereas a larger updraft velocity leads to a higher droplet concentration but a smaller relative dispersion. Citation: Liu, Y., P. H. Daum, and S. S. Yum (2006), Analytical expression for the relative dispersion of the cloud droplet size distribution, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L02810, doi:10.1029/2005GL024052. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Liu, YG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 815E, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM lyg@bnl.gov RI Liu, Yangang/H-6154-2011 NR 22 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 26 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 2 AR L02810 DI 10.1029/2005GL024052 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 008FO UT WOS:000235025800001 ER PT J AU McCunn, LR Bennett, DIG Butler, LJ Fan, HY Aguirre, F Pratt, ST AF McCunn, LR Bennett, DIG Butler, LJ Fan, HY Aguirre, F Pratt, ST TI Photodissociation of propargyl chloride at 193 nm SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID DIPOLE SELECTION-RULES; ORBIT BRANCHING RATIO; CROSS-SECTIONS; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; HYDROGEN-CHLORIDE; RATE COEFFICIENTS; ELECTRON-IMPACT; GROUND-STATE; A-BAND; ABSORPTION AB The photodissociation of propargyl chloride (C3H3Cl) has been studied at 193 nm. Ion imaging experiments with state-selective detection of the Cl atoms and single-photon ionization of the C3H3 radicals were performed, along with measurements of the Cl + C3H3 and HCl + C3H2 recoil kinetic energy distributions, using a scattering apparatus with electron bombardment ionization detection to resolve the competing Cl and HCl elimination channels. The experiments allow the determination of the Cl (P-2(3/2)) and Cl (P-2(1/2)) (hereafter Cl*) branching fractions associated with the C-Cl bond fission, which are determined to be 0.5 +/- 0.1 for both channels. Although prior translational spectroscopy studies by others had concluded that the low velocity signal at the Cl+ mass was due to daughter fragments of the HCl elimination products, the present work shows that Cl.atoms are produced with a bimodal recoil kinetic energy distribution. The major C-Cl bond fission channel, with a narrow recoil kinetic energy distribution peaking near 40 kcal/mol, produces both Cl and Cl*, whereas the minor (5%) channel, partitioning much less energy to relative kinetic energy, produces only ground spin-orbit state Cl atoms. The maximum internal energy of the radicals produced in the low-recoil-kinetic-energy channel is consistent with this channel producing electronically excited propargyl radicals. Finally, in contrast to previous studies, the present work determines the HCl recoil kinetic energy distribution and identifies the possible contribution to this spectrum from propargyl radicals cracking to C-3(+) ions in the mass spectrometer. C1 Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Butler, LJ (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM L-Butler@uchicago.edu NR 43 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 26 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 3 BP 843 EP 850 DI 10.1021/jp058148y PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 008MY UT WOS:000235046100002 PM 16419980 ER PT J AU Bai, J Cui, LF Wang, JL Yoo, SH Li, X Jellinek, J Koehler, C Frauenheim, T Wang, LS Zeng, XC AF Bai, J Cui, LF Wang, JL Yoo, SH Li, X Jellinek, J Koehler, C Frauenheim, T Wang, LS Zeng, XC TI Structural evolution of anionic silicon clusters Si(N) (20 <= n <= 45) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE RECONSTRUCTION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; QUANTUM CONFINEMENT; MAGNESIUM CLUSTERS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SPECTRA; TRANSITION; STABILITY; OPTIMIZATION AB Results of a combined photoelectron spectroscopy and first-principles density-functional study Of Si(N)(-) clusters in the size range 20 <= N <= 45 are reported and discussed. Evidence for a prolate-to-near-spherical shape transition at N = 27 is presented. It is shown that the tricapped-trigonal-prism (TTP) structural motif Si(9) found in most low-lying clusters Si(N)(-), 9 <= N <= 19, is replaced or augmented by a series of structural motifs consisting of a bulklike "adamantane" fragment plus a magic-number cluster (Si(6). Si(7), Si(10)) or TTP Si(9) in low-lying prolate clusters Si(N)(-), N <= 20. For 28 <= N <= 45, almost all low-lying near-spherical clusters Si(N)(-) adopt "stuffed-cage"-like structures where the cages are homologous to carbon fullerenes in the sense that they are composed of only five- and six-membered rings. However the arrangement of the "stuffing" atoms is not yet diamondlike. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Gesamthsch Paderborn, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany. Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Ctr Mat Res & Anal, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jellinek, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM Jellinek@anl.gov; ls.wang@pnl.gov; xczeng@phase2.unl.edu RI Wang, Jinlan/B-3507-2012; Bai, Jaeil /E-7909-2011; Frauenheim, Thomas/C-5653-2015; Wang, Jinlan/B-3503-2012 OI Bai, Jaeil /0000-0002-9647-6382; Frauenheim, Thomas/0000-0002-3073-0616; Wang, Jinlan/0000-0002-4529-874X NR 47 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 26 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 3 BP 908 EP 912 DI 10.1021/jp05874s PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 008MY UT WOS:000235046100010 PM 16419988 ER PT J AU Van Stipdonk, MJ Chien, W Bulleigh, K Wu, Q Groenewold, GS AF Van Stipdonk, MJ Chien, W Bulleigh, K Wu, Q Groenewold, GS TI Gas-phase uranyl-nitrile complex ions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ACTINIDE IONS; METAL-IONS; ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; FRAGILE IONS; HYDRATION; TRAP; WATER AB Electrospray ionization was used to generate doubly charged complex ions composed of the uranyl ion and nitrile ligands. The complexes, with general formula [UO2(RCN)(n)](2+), n = 0-5 (where R=CH3-, CH3CH2-, or C6H5-, were isolated in an ion-trap mass spectrometer to probe intrinsic reactions with H2O. For these complexes, two general reaction pathways were observed: (a) the direct addition of one or more H2O ligands to the doubly charged complexes and (b) charge-reduction reactions. For the latter, the reactions produced uranyl hydroxide, [UO2OH], complexes via collisions with gas-phase H2O molecules and the elimination of protonated nitrile ligands. C1 Wichita State Univ, Dept Chem, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Van Stipdonk, MJ (reprint author), Wichita State Univ, Dept Chem, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. NR 42 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 26 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 3 BP 959 EP 970 DI 10.1021/jp054422c PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 008MY UT WOS:000235046100018 PM 16419996 ER PT J AU Gao, YD MacDonald, RG AF Gao, YD MacDonald, RG TI Determination of the rate constant for the radical-radical reaction NCO(X-2 Pi)+CH3(X(2)A(2)'') at 293 K and an estimate of possible product channels SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID THERMAL UNIMOLECULAR REACTIONS; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; TRANSITION-STATE THEORY; AB-INITIO; HIGH-PRESSURES; DIPOLE-MOMENT; KINETICS; NCO; NO; PHOTODISSOCIATION AB The rate constant for the reaction of the cyanato radical, NCO(X(2)Pi), with the methyl radical, CH3(X(2)A(2)"), has been measured to be (2.1 +/- 1.3(-0.80)) x 10(-10) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), where the uncertainty includes both random and systematic errors at the 68% confidence level. The measurements were conducted over a pressure range of 2.8-4.3 Torr of CH4 and at a temperature of 293 +/- 2 K. The radicals were generated by the 248-nm photolysis of ClNCO in a large excess of CH4. The subsequent rapid reaction, Cl + CH4, generated the CH3 radical. The rate constant for the Cl + CH4 reaction was measured to be (9.2 +/- 0.2) x 10(-14) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), where the uncertainty is the scatter of one standard deviation in the data. The progress of the reaction was followed by time-resolved infrared absorption spectroscopy on single rovibrational transitions from the ground vibrational level. Multiple species were detected in these experiments, including NCO, CH3, HCl, C2H6, HCN, HNC, NH, and HNCO. Temporal concentration profiles of the observed species were simulated using a kinetic model, and rate constants were determined by minimizing the sum of the squares of the residuals between experimental observations and model calculations. Both HCN and HNC seem to be minor products (< 0.3% each) of the NCO + CH3 reaction. The peak concentrations of NH and HNCO were small, accounting for < 1% of the initial NCO concentration; however, their temporal profiles could not be fit by the model kinetics. The observed C2H6 temporal profile always peaked at significantly higher concentrations than the model predictions, and several reaction models were constructed to help explain these observations. The most likely product channel seems to be the recombination channels, producing CH3NCO and CH3OCN. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP MacDonald, RG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rgmacdonald@anl.gov NR 62 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 26 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 3 BP 977 EP 989 DI 10.1021/jp058247b PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 008MY UT WOS:000235046100020 PM 16419998 ER PT J AU Wang, GT Creighton, JR AF Wang, GT Creighton, JR TI Complex formation of trimethylaluminum and trimethylgallium with ammonia: Evidence for a hydrogen-bonded adduct SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; SEMICONDUCTOR CRYSTAL-GROWTH; MATRIX-ISOLATION; PARASITIC REACTION; ALGAN; CHEMISTRY; GAN; DEPOSITION; NITRIDE AB We have investigated the formation of gas-phase adducts of trimethylaluminum and trimethylgallium with ammonia using room-temperature Fourier transform infrared experiments and density functional theory calculations. Our results indicate for the first time that, at higher partial pressures, a product distinct from the well-known (CH3)(3)M:NH3 adduct grows in for both M = Al and M = Ga. Comparison of the experimental and calculated IR spectra, along with calculations of the energetics, indicates that this second product is the result of hydrogen bonding of a second NH3 molecule to the (CH3)(3)M:NH3 adduct and can be written as (CH3)(3)M:(NH3NH3)-N-.... The binding energy of this hydrogen-bonded adduct is calculated to be 26.8 kcal/mol for M = Al and 18.4 kcal/mol for M = Ga and is lower in energy (more stable) relative to the 1:1 (CH3)(3)M:NH3 adduct by 7.2 kcal/mol for M = Al and 6.6 kcal/mol for M = Ga. In contrast, an alternative complex involving the formation of two separate M-N donor-acceptor bonds, which is written as H3N:(CH3)(3)M:NH3, is calculated to be lower in energy relative to (CH3)(3)M:NH3 by only 0.1 kcal/mol for M = Al and 0.2 kcal/mol for M = Ga and is not observed experimentally. These results show that hydrogen bonding plays an important role in the interaction of ammonia with metal organic precursors involving Al, Ga, and In, under typical metal organic chemical vapor deposition AlGaInN growth conditions. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wang, GT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-0601, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gtwang@sandia.gov RI Wang, George/C-9401-2009; Young, Nigel/B-5472-2010 OI Wang, George/0000-0001-9007-0173; NR 39 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 26 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 3 BP 1094 EP 1099 DI 10.1021/jp054133o PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 008MY UT WOS:000235046100035 PM 16420013 ER PT J AU Cappa, CD Smith, JD Messer, BM Cohen, RC Saykally, RJ AF Cappa, CD Smith, JD Messer, BM Cohen, RC Saykally, RJ TI The electronic structure of the hydrated proton: A comparative X-ray absorption study of aqueous HCl and NaCl solutions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-BOND NETWORK; IONIZATION CROSS-SECTIONS; LIQUID WATER; SALT-SOLUTIONS; METAL IONS; SPECTROSCOPY; ALKALI; REARRANGEMENTS; ENERGETICS; SOLVATION AB The oxygen K edge X-ray absorption spectra of aqueous HCl and NaCl solutions reveal distinct perturbations of the local water molecules by the respective solutes. While the addition of NaCl leads to large spectral changes, the effect of HCl on the observed X-ray absorption spectrum is surprisingly small. Density functional theory calculations suggest that this difference primarily reflects a strong blue shift of the hydrated proton (in either the Eigen (H(9)O(4)(+)) or Zundel (H(2)O(5)(+)) forms) spectrum relative to that of H(2)O, indicating the tighter binding of electrons in H(3)O(+). This spectral shift counteracts the spectral changes that arise from direct electrostatic perturbation of water molecules in the first solvation shell of Cl(-). Consequently, the observed spectral changes effected by HCl addition are minimal compared to those engendered by NaCl. Additionally, these results indicate that the effect of monovalent cations on the nature of the unoccupied orbitals of water molecules in the first solvation shell is negligible, in contrast to the large effects of monovalent anions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Chem Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Saykally, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM saykally@cchem.berkeley.edu RI Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011 OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691 NR 36 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JAN 26 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 3 BP 1166 EP 1171 DI 10.1021/jp0534582 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 008NA UT WOS:000235046300014 PM 16471659 ER PT J AU Chen, L Sholl, DS Johnson, JK AF Chen, L Sholl, DS Johnson, JK TI First principles study of adsorption and dissociation of CO on W(111) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL THEORY; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; SURFACE; TRANSITION; CARBIDE; FE(111) AB The adsorption and dissociation of carbon monoxide on the W(111) surface is studied with density functional theory. The CO molecule is found to adsorb in end-on configurations (alpha states) and inclined configurations (beta states). The dissociation of the most strongly bound beta state CO is found to have an activation energy of about 0.8 eV, which is lower than the energy required to desorb CO molecularly from the surface. The diffusion of CO and O on W(111) is predicted to be facile at room temperature, whereas C atoms are virtually immobile up to similar to 600 K, according to our calculations. Preadsorbed carbon atoms are shown to prevent the dissociation of CO by blocking the most strongly bound P state adsorption site and by blocking the dissociation pathway. We predict that dissociation of CO on W(111) is a self-poisoning process. C1 Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM karlj@pitt.edu RI Chen, Liang/B-3418-2008; Johnson, Karl/E-9733-2013 OI Johnson, Karl/0000-0002-3608-8003 NR 29 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JAN 26 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 3 BP 1344 EP 1349 DI 10.1021/jp055374z PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 008NA UT WOS:000235046300039 PM 16471684 ER PT J AU Annunziata, O Paduano, L Pearlstein, AJ Miller, DG Albright, JG AF Annunziata, O Paduano, L Pearlstein, AJ Miller, DG Albright, JG TI The effect of salt on protein chemical potential determined by ternary diffusion in aqueous solutions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID EGG-WHITE LYSOZYME; ONSAGER RECIPROCAL RELATION; VECTOR TRANSPORT PROCESSES; ISOTHERMAL DIFFUSION; ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; IRREVERSIBLE THERMODYNAMICS; PREFERENTIAL INTERACTIONS; MULTICOMPONENT DIFFUSION; RAYLEIGH INTERFEROMETRY AB We use accurate thermodynamic derivatives extracted from high-precision measurements of the four volume-fixed diffusion coefficients in ternary solutions of lysozyme chloride in aqueous NaCl, NH4Cl, and KCl at pH 4.5 and 25 degrees C to (a) assess the relative contributions of the corm-non-ion and nonideality effects to the protein chemical potential as a function of salt concentration, (b) compare the behavior of the protein chemical potential for the three salts, which we found to be consistent with the Hoftneister series, and (c) discuss our thermodynamic data in relation to the dependence of the protein solubility on salt concentration. The four diffusion coefficients are reported at 0.6 mM lysozytrie chloride and 0.25, 0.52 0.91 1.2, and 1.5 M KCl and extend into the protei n-supersaturated region. The chemical potential cross-derivatives are extracted from diffusion data using the Onsager reciprocal relation and the equality of molal cross-derivatives of solute chemical potentials. They are compared to those calculated previously from diffusion data for lysozyme in aqueous NaCl and NH4Cl. We estimate the effective charge on the diffusing lysozyme cation at the experimental concentrations. Our diffusion measurements on the three salts allowed us to analyze and interpret the four diffusion coefficients for charged proteins in the presence of 1: 1 electrolytes. Our results may provide guidance to the understanding of protein crystallization. C1 Texas Christian Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartmento Chim, I-80126 Naples, Italy. RP Annunziata, O (reprint author), Texas Christian Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. EM O.Annunziata@tcu.edu OI PADUANO, Luigi/0000-0002-1105-4237; Pearlstein, Arne/0000-0002-7044-5537 NR 56 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JAN 26 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 3 BP 1405 EP 1415 DI 10.1021/jp054543c PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 008NA UT WOS:000235046300046 PM 16471691 ER PT J AU Sheng, HW Luo, WK Alamgir, FM Bai, JM Ma, E AF Sheng, HW Luo, WK Alamgir, FM Bai, JM Ma, E TI Atomic packing and short-to-medium-range order in metallic glasses SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; STRUCTURAL MODEL; POLYTETRAHEDRAL MATERIALS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SPHERE PACKINGS; SIMPLE LIQUIDS; PRINCIPLES; ARRANGEMENTS; GEOMETRY AB Unlike the well-defined long-range order that characterizes crystalline metals, the atomic arrangements in amorphous alloys remain mysterious at present. Despite intense research activity on metallic glasses and relentless pursuit of their structural description, the details of how the atoms are packed in amorphous metals are generally far less understood than for the case of network-forming glasses. Here we use a combination of state-of-the-art experimental and computational techniques to resolve the atomic-level structure of amorphous alloys. By analysing a range of model binary systems that involve different chemistry and atomic size ratios, we elucidate the different types of short-range order as well as the nature of the medium-range order. Our findings provide a reality check for the atomic structural models proposed over the years, and have implications for understanding the nature, forming ability and properties of metallic glasses. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sheng, HW (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM hwsheng@jhu.edu; ema@jhu.edu RI Ma, En/A-3232-2010; Sheng, Howard/B-2033-2013; Bai, Jianming/O-5005-2015; OI Alamgir, Faisal/0000-0002-0894-8096 NR 47 TC 901 Z9 924 U1 49 U2 428 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 26 PY 2006 VL 439 IS 7075 BP 419 EP 425 DI 10.1038/nature04421 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 005XH UT WOS:000234859200035 PM 16437105 ER PT J AU Beaulieu, JP Bennett, DP Fouque, P Williams, A Dominik, M Jorgensen, UG Kubas, D Cassan, A Coutures, C Greenhill, J Hill, K Menzies, J Sackett, PD Albrow, M Brillant, S Caldwell, JAR Calitz, JJ Cook, KH Corrales, E Desort, M Dieters, S Dominis, D Donatowicz, J Hoffman, M Kane, S Marquette, JB Martin, R Meintjes, P Pollard, K Sahu, K Vinter, C Wambsganss, J Woller, K Horne, K Steele, I Bramich, DM Burgdorf, M Snodgrass, C Bode, M Udalski, A Szymanski, MK Kubiak, M Wieckowski, T Pietrzynski, G Soszynski, I Szewczyk, O Wyrzykowski, L Paczynski, B Abe, F Bond, IA Britton, TR Gilmore, AC Hearnshaw, JB Itow, Y Kamiya, K Kilmartin, PM Korpela, AV Masuda, K Matsubara, Y Motomura, M Muraki, Y Nakamura, S Okada, C Ohnishi, K Rattenbury, NJ Sako, T Sato, S Sasaki, M Sekiguchi, T Sullivan, DJ Tristram, PJ Yock, PCM Yoshioka, T AF Beaulieu, JP Bennett, DP Fouque, P Williams, A Dominik, M Jorgensen, UG Kubas, D Cassan, A Coutures, C Greenhill, J Hill, K Menzies, J Sackett, PD Albrow, M Brillant, S Caldwell, JAR Calitz, JJ Cook, KH Corrales, E Desort, M Dieters, S Dominis, D Donatowicz, J Hoffman, M Kane, S Marquette, JB Martin, R Meintjes, P Pollard, K Sahu, K Vinter, C Wambsganss, J Woller, K Horne, K Steele, I Bramich, DM Burgdorf, M Snodgrass, C Bode, M Udalski, A Szymanski, MK Kubiak, M Wieckowski, T Pietrzynski, G Soszynski, I Szewczyk, O Wyrzykowski, L Paczynski, B Abe, F Bond, IA Britton, TR Gilmore, AC Hearnshaw, JB Itow, Y Kamiya, K Kilmartin, PM Korpela, AV Masuda, K Matsubara, Y Motomura, M Muraki, Y Nakamura, S Okada, C Ohnishi, K Rattenbury, NJ Sako, T Sato, S Sasaki, M Sekiguchi, T Sullivan, DJ Tristram, PJ Yock, PCM Yoshioka, T TI Discovery of a cool planet of 5.5 Earth masses through gravitational microlensing SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; HIGH-MAGNIFICATION; LIGHT CURVES; SYSTEMS; INTERFEROMETRY; SEARCH; MODEL AB In the favoured core-accretion model of formation of planetary systems, solid planetesimals accumulate to build up planetary cores, which then accrete nebular gas if they are sufficiently massive. Around M-dwarf stars ( the most common stars in our Galaxy), this model favours the formation of Earth-mass (M(+)) to Neptune-mass planets with orbital radii of 1 to 10 astronomical units (AU), which is consistent with the small number of gas giant planets known to orbit M-dwarf host stars(1-4). More than 170 extrasolar planets have been discovered with a wide range of masses and orbital periods, but planets of Neptune's mass or less have not hitherto been detected at separations of more than 0.15 AU from normal stars. Here we report the discovery of a 5.5(-2.7)(+5.5)M(+) planetary companion at a separation of 2.6(-0.6)(+1.5) AU from a 0.22(-0.11)(+0.21)M(.) M-dwarf star, where M(.) refers to a solar mass. (We propose to name it OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb, indicating a planetary mass companion to the lens star of the microlensing event.) The mass is lower than that of GJ876d (ref. 5), although the error bars overlap. Our detection suggests that such cool, sub-Neptune-mass planets may be more common than gas giant planets, as predicted by the core accretion theory. C1 Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7095, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Toulouse 3, Observ Midi Pyrenees, Astrophys Lab, UMR 5572, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Perth Observ, Perth, WA 6076, Australia. Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, Scottish Univ Phys Alliance, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. Astron Observ, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. CEA, DAPNIA, SPP Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Tasmania, Sch Math & Phys, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. Australian Natl Univ, Mt Stromlo Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. Univ Canterbury, Dept Phys & Astron, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand. McDonald Observ, Ft Davis, TX 79734 USA. Univ Orange Free State, Dept Phys, Boyden Observ, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, IGPP, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany. Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. Vienna Univ Technol, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Heidelberg, Zentrum Astron, ARI, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, Merseyside, England. Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Phys, Astron & Planetary Sci Div, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. Observ Astron Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile. Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Observ, Macclesfield SK11 9DL, Cheshire, England. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 464860, Japan. Massey Univ, Inst Informat & Math Sci, Auckland, New Zealand. Univ Auckland, Dept Phys, Auckland, New Zealand. Univ Victoria, Sch Chem & Phys Sci, Wellington, New Zealand. Nagoya Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Astrophys, Nagoya, Aichi 464860, Japan. RP Beaulieu, JP (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7095, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. EM beaulieu@iap.fr; bennett@nd.edu RI Kane, Stephen/B-4798-2013; Greenhill, John/C-8367-2013; Williams, Andrew/K-2931-2013; Bennett, David/O-2136-2013; OI Williams, Andrew/0000-0001-9080-0105; Bennett, David/0000-0001-8043-8413; Dominik, Martin/0000-0002-3202-0343; Snodgrass, Colin/0000-0001-9328-2905 NR 30 TC 386 Z9 390 U1 5 U2 34 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 26 PY 2006 VL 439 IS 7075 BP 437 EP 440 DI 10.1038/nature04441 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 005XH UT WOS:000234859200038 PM 16437108 ER PT J AU Hegelich, BM Albright, BJ Cobble, J Flippo, K Letzring, S Paffett, M Ruhl, H Schreiber, J Schulze, RK Fernandez, JC AF Hegelich, BM Albright, BJ Cobble, J Flippo, K Letzring, S Paffett, M Ruhl, H Schreiber, J Schulze, RK Fernandez, JC TI Laser acceleration of quasi-monoenergetic MeV ion beams SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID PROTON-BEAMS; ELECTRON-BEAMS; FAST IGNITION; PLASMA; GENERATION; SURFACES; DRIVEN; CARBON AB Acceleration of particles by intense laser - plasma interactions represents a rapidly evolving field of interest, as highlighted by the recent demonstration(1-4) of laser-driven relativistic beams of monoenergetic electrons. Ultrahigh-intensity lasers can produce accelerating fields of 10 TV m(-1) (1 TV = 10(12) V), surpassing those in conventional accelerators by six orders of magnitude. Laser-driven ions with energies of several MeV per nucleon have also been produced(5-9). Such ion beams exhibit unprecedented characteristics - short pulse lengths, high currents and low transverse emittance(10) - but their exponential energy spectra have almost 100% energy spread. This large energy spread, which is a consequence of the experimental conditions used to date, remains the biggest impediment to the wider use of this technology. Here we report the production of quasi-monoenergetic laser-driven C5+ ions with a vastly reduced energy spread of 17%. The ions have a mean energy of 3 MeV per nucleon (full-width at half-maximum, similar to 0.5 MeV per nucleon) and a longitudinal emittance of less than 2 x 10(-6) eV s for pulse durations shorter than 1 ps. Such laser-driven, high-current, quasi-monoenergetic ion sources may enable significant advances in the development of compact MeV ion accelerators(11), new diagnostics(12,13), medical physics(14), inertial confinement fusion and fast ignition(15-17). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Hegelich, BM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hegelich@lanl.gov RI Fernandez, Juan/H-3268-2011; Flippo, Kirk/C-6872-2009; OI Fernandez, Juan/0000-0002-1438-1815; Flippo, Kirk/0000-0002-4752-5141; Albright, Brian/0000-0002-7789-6525; Schulze, Roland/0000-0002-6601-817X NR 30 TC 506 Z9 523 U1 18 U2 86 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 26 PY 2006 VL 439 IS 7075 BP 441 EP 444 DI 10.1038/nature04400 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 005XH UT WOS:000234859200039 PM 16437109 ER PT J AU Lubin, D Vogelmann, AM AF Lubin, D Vogelmann, AM TI A climatologically significant aerosol longwave indirect effect in the Arctic SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID PART II; CLOUD PROPERTIES; SEA-ICE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SURFACE; VARIABILITY; POLLUTION; ALBEDO; SITES; OCEAN AB The warming of Arctic climate and decreases in sea ice thickness and extent(1,2) observed over recent decades are believed to result from increased direct greenhouse gas forcing, changes in atmospheric dynamics having anthropogenic origin(3-5), and important positive reinforcements including ice - albedo and cloud - radiation feedbacks(6). The importance of cloud - radiation interactions is being investigated through advanced instrumentation deployed in the high Arctic since 1997 (refs 7, 8). These studies have established that clouds, via the dominance of longwave radiation, exert a net warming on the Arctic climate system throughout most of the year, except briefly during the summer(9). The Arctic region also experiences significant periodic influxes of anthropogenic aerosols, which originate from the industrial regions in lower latitudes(10). Here we use multisensor radiometric data(7,8) to show that enhanced aerosol concentrations alter the microphysical properties of Arctic clouds, in a process known as the 'first indirect' effect(11,12). Under frequently occurring cloud types we find that this leads to an increase of an average 3.4 watts per square metre in the surface longwave fluxes. This is comparable to a warming effect from established greenhouse gases and implies that the observed longwave enhancement is climatologically significant. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lubin, D (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM dlubin@ucsd.edu RI Vogelmann, Andrew/M-8779-2014 OI Vogelmann, Andrew/0000-0003-1918-5423 NR 26 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 17 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 26 PY 2006 VL 439 IS 7075 BP 453 EP 456 DI 10.1038/nature04449 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 005XH UT WOS:000234859200042 PM 16437112 ER PT J AU Renk, T Bass, SA Srivastava, DK AF Renk, T Bass, SA Srivastava, DK TI Dynamics of the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal effect in Au+Au collisions at root s-=200 A GeV SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE ENERGY-LOSS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; DUAL-PARTON MODEL; PARTICLE-PRODUCTION; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; MULTIPLICITY DISTRIBUTIONS; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; HADRON-PRODUCTION; ELLIPTIC FLOW; QCD AB We study the role played by the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal (LPM) effect in relativistic collisions of hadrons and heavy nuclei, within a parton cascade model. We find that the LPM effect strongly affects the gluon multiplication due to radiation and considerably alters the spacetime evolution of the dynamics of the collision. It ensures a multiplicity distribution of hadrons in agreement with the experimental proton-proton data. We study the production of single photons in relativistic heavy ion collisions and find that the inclusion of LPM suppression leads to a reduction in the single photon yield at small and intermediate transverse momenta. The Parton cascade calculation of the single photon yield including the LPM effect is shown to be in good agreement with the recent PHENIX data taken at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RIKEN, Brookhaven Natl Lab, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. RP Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM trenk@phys.jyu.fi NR 61 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JAN 26 PY 2006 VL 632 IS 5-6 BP 632 EP 637 DI 10.1016/physletb.2005.11.026 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 004XQ UT WOS:000234786400006 ER PT J AU Grigoryan, HR Thomas, AW AF Grigoryan, HR Thomas, AW TI Vector meson mass corrections at O(a(2)) in PQChPT with Wilson and Ginsparg-Wilson quarks SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; CONTINUUM-LIMIT; LATTICE THEORIES; LAGRANGIANS; FERMIONS AB We derive the mixed as well as unmixed lattice heavy meson chiral Lagrangian up to order Omicron(a(2)), with Wilson and Ginsparg-Wilson fermions. We consider two flavor partially quenched QCD and calculate vector meson mass corrections up to order Omicron(a(2)), including the corrections associated with the violation of rotational Omicron(4) symmetry down to the hypercubic group. Our calculations also include the one-loop, phenomenological contribution from the p -> pi pi decay channel. The final result is a chiral-continuum in extrapolation formula with model dependent coefficients from which one can recover the physical p meson mass from the large amount of current lattice data. As a verification of our result, the chiral-continuum extrapolation formula is compared with that used in numerical simulations. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. JINR, Theoret Phys Lab, Dubna, Russia. RP Grigoryan, HR (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 202 Nicholson Hall,Tower Dr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM hgrigo1@jlab.org; awthomas@jlab.org OI Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X NR 21 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JAN 26 PY 2006 VL 632 IS 5-6 BP 657 EP 662 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2005.11.011 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 004XQ UT WOS:000234786400010 ER PT J AU Horton, RN Apel, WA Thompson, VS Sheridan, PP AF Horton, RN Apel, WA Thompson, VS Sheridan, PP TI Low temperature reduction of hexavalent chromium by a microbial enrichment consortium and a novel strain of Arthrobacter aurescens SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENTEROBACTER-CLOACAE STRAIN; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; CHROMATE REDUCTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; PHENOL DEGRADATION; RESISTANCE; SOILS; BIOTRANSFORMATION; BIODEGRADATION AB Background: Chromium is a transition metal most commonly found in the environment in its trivalent [Cr(III)] and hexavalent [Cr(VI)] forms. The EPA maximum total chromium contaminant level for drinking water is 0.1 mg/l (0.1 ppm). Many water sources, especially underground sources, are at low temperatures (less than or equal to 15 Centigrade) year round. It is important to evaluate the possibility of microbial remediation of Cr(VI) contamination using microorganisms adapted to these low temperatures (psychrophiles). Results: Core samples obtained from a Cr(VI) contaminated aquifer at the Hanford facility in Washington were enriched in Vogel Bonner medium at 10 Centigrade with 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 1000 mg/l Cr(VI). The extent of Cr(VI) reduction was evaluated using the diphenyl carbazide assay. Resistance to Cr(VI) up to and including 1000 mg/l Cr(VI) was observed in the consortium experiments. Reduction was slow or not observed at and above 100 mg/l Cr(VI) using the enrichment consortium. Average time to complete reduction of Cr(VI) in the 30 and 60 mg/l Cr(VI) cultures of the consortium was 8 and 17 days, respectively at 10 Centigrade. Lyophilized consortium cells did not demonstrate adsorption of Cr(VI) over a 24 hour period. Successful isolation of a Cr(VI) reducing organism (designated P4) from the consortium was confirmed by 16S rDNA amplification and sequencing. Average time to complete reduction of Cr(VI) at 10 Centigrade in the 25 and 50 mg/l Cr(VI) cultures of the isolate P4 was 3 and 5 days, respectively. The 16S rDNA sequence from isolate P4 identified this organism as a strain of Arthrobacter aurescens, a species that has not previously been shown to be capable of low temperature Cr(VI) reduction. Conclusion: A. aurescens, indigenous to the subsurface, has the potential to be a predominant metal reducer in enhanced, in situ subsurface bioremediation efforts involving Cr(VI) and possibly other heavy metals and radionuclides. C1 Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Horton, RN (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Campus Box 8007, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. EM hortrene@isu.edu; william.apel@inl.gov; vicki.thompson@inl.gov; sherpete@isu.edu RI Thompson, Vicki/B-9086-2017 OI Thompson, Vicki/0000-0003-4975-392X NR 53 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 27 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PD JAN 25 PY 2006 VL 6 AR 5 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-6-5 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 020AN UT WOS:000235880300001 PM 16436214 ER PT J AU Lee, JG Hong, SH Ahner, J Zhao, XC Chen, LA Johnson, JK Yates, JT AF Lee, JG Hong, SH Ahner, J Zhao, XC Chen, LA Johnson, JK Yates, JT TI Direct observation of molecularly-aligned molecules in the second physisorbed layer-CO/Ag(110) SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; ION ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION; WAVE BASIS-SET; ADSORPTION; DESORPTION; SURFACE; CO; METALS; N-2 AB We report the direct observation of oriented second-layer physisorbed molecules on a single crystal surface by electron stimulated desorption. Experiments and simulations show that the orientation of the second-layer physisorbed CO molecules on Ag(110) is the result of both electrostatic and dispersion forces from the underlying chemisorbed CO and Ag atoms. At 25 K, the physisorbed C-O bond is tilted and azimuthally oriented with the C-O bond axis inclined in an azimuthal plane at 45 degrees to the principal Ag(110) zimuthal crystallographic directions. The O atom in CO is directed outward, giving an O+ beam at 43 degrees to the normal. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Ctr Surface Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Yates, JT (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Ctr Surface Sci, 234,219 Parkman Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM jyates@vms.cis.pitt.edu RI Chen, Liang/B-3418-2008; Johnson, Karl/E-9733-2013 OI Johnson, Karl/0000-0002-3608-8003 NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 25 PY 2006 VL 418 IS 1-3 BP 90 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.10.094 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 005UM UT WOS:000234849500018 ER PT J AU Wu, ZL Stair, PC AF Wu, ZL Stair, PC TI UV Raman spectroscopic studies of V/theta-Al2O3 catalysts in butane dehydrogenation SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE dehydrogenation; butane; vanadium oxide; monovanadate; polyvanadate; UV Raman; coke; polyaromatics; polystyrene ID SUPPORTED VANADIUM-OXIDE; OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION; COKE FORMATION; N-BUTANE; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; PROPANE; ALUMINA; CONVERSION; SELECTIVITY; REACTIVITY AB To explore the coke formation mechanism and catalyst structure under alkane dehydrogenation (DH) conditions, the DH of butane on V/theta-Al2O3 was explored by in situ UV Raman spectroscopy and reactivity tests. Studies of butane DH on V/theta-Al2O3 catalysts with various distributions Of surface VOx species identify a structure-coke relationship. The deactivation of the catalysts in butane DH is due mainly to the formation of coke species. Both the nature and amount of coke formed are related to the structure Of VOx species. Monovanadates make chain-like polyaromatics, whereas polyvanadates produce mainly sheet-like (two-dimensional) polyaromatics that are detrimental to catalytic activity. The amount of coke formed from butane DH follows this sequence: polymeric VOx > monomeric VOx > V2O5, Al2O3. Raman spectroscopy studies of butane, l-butene, cis/trans-2-butenes, and 1,3-butadiene reactions on V/theta-Al2O3 catalysts enable the formulation of a coke formation pathway for butane DH, in which polystyrene is found to be a key intermediate. Although the surface of V/theta-Al2O3 is partially reduced under butane DH conditions, the structure of VOx species can be fully regenerated by oxidation of the coke species at temperatures Lip to 873 K. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Ctr Catalysis & Surface Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Inst Environm Catalysis, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Stair, PC (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Ctr Catalysis & Surface Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM pstair@northwestern.edu RI Wu, Zili/F-5905-2012 OI Wu, Zili/0000-0002-4468-3240 NR 40 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 34 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD JAN 25 PY 2006 VL 237 IS 2 BP 220 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.jcat.2005.11.005 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 012IA UT WOS:000235330600002 ER PT J AU Yang, MC Rioux, RM Somorjai, GA AF Yang, MC Rioux, RM Somorjai, GA TI Reaction kinetics and in situ sum frequency generation surface vibrational spectroscopy studies of cycloalkene hydrogenation/dehydrogenation on Pt(111): Substituent effects and CO poisoning SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE cycloalkene; hydrogenation; dehydrogenation; Pt(111); Co poisoning; substituent effects; sum frequency generation ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ENERGY-ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; GAS-PHASE REACTION; ETHYLENE HYDROGENATION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; CATALYTIC-HYDROGENATION; STRUCTURE-SENSITIVITY; CRYSTAL-SURFACES; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; CYCLOHEXENE HYDROGENATION AB The influence of substituent effects and CO poisoning were examined during the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation of cycloalkenes (cyclohexene and 1- and 4-methylcyclohexene) on a Pt(111) single crystal. Reaction rates for both hydrogenation and dehydrogenation decreased when a methyl group was added to the cycloalkene ring. The location of a methyl group relative to the C=C double bond was influential in the overall kinetics for both reaction pathways. All cycloalkenes demonstrated "bend-over" Arrhenius behavior, after which rates for hydrogenation and dehydrogenation decreased with increasing temperature (inverse Arrhenius behavior). This is explained in terms of a change in surface coverage of the reactive cycloalkene. The potential importance of hydrogen effects is discussed. Introduction of CO in the Torr pressure range (0.015 Torr) led to a decrease in turnover frequency and increase in apparent activation energy for both the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of all cycloalkenes. SUM frequency generation (SFG) Surface vibrational spectroscopy revealed that upon adsorption, the three cycloalkenes form a Surface species with similar molecular Structure. SFG results Under reaction conditions in the presence of CO demonstrated that the cycloalkene coverage is low on a CO-saturated surface. substituted cyclohexenes were more sensitive than cyclohexene to the presence of adsorbed CO, with larger increases in the apparent activation energy, especially in the case of dehydrogenation. A qualitative explanation for the changes in activity with temperature and the increase in apparent activation energy for cycloalkene hydrogenation/dehydrogenation in the presence of CO is presented from a thermodynamic and kinetic perspective. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM somorjai@berkeley.edu NR 60 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD JAN 25 PY 2006 VL 237 IS 2 BP 255 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.jcat.2005.10.025 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 012IA UT WOS:000235330600006 ER PT J AU Wang, CL Zhang, H Wang, TH Zheng, LL AF Wang, CL Zhang, H Wang, TH Zheng, LL TI Solidification interface shape control in a continuous Czochralski silicon growth system SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th American Conference on Crystal Growth and Epitaxy/12th US Workshop on Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy* CY JUL 10-OCT 15, 2005 CL Big Sky, MT DE computer simulation; Czochralski growth; industrial crystallization; semiconductor silicon ID CRYSTAL-GROWTH; 400 MM; DIAMETER AB In a continuous Czochralski (CCZ) growth system with a shallow and replenished melt proposed earlier, large-diameter crystals may be grown at a high pull rate and reduced melt convection. The proposed system consists of two heaters. In this paper, the relationship between the solidification interface and the power levels is established. An interface control algorithm is developed to achieve the desired interface shape by adjusting the power level of the bottom heater. The control algorithm is incorporated into an existing process model, and the efficiency of the control algorithm is tested. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mech Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wang, CL (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mech Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM cwang@ic.sunysb.edu NR 9 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN 25 PY 2006 VL 287 IS 2 BP 252 EP 257 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.11.016 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 008WO UT WOS:000235071600009 ER PT J AU Gu, GD Hucker, M Kim, YJ Tranquada, JM Li, Q Moodenbaugh, AR AF Gu, GD Hucker, M Kim, YJ Tranquada, JM Li, Q Moodenbaugh, AR TI Single-crystal growth and superconductivity of (La1-xSrx)(2)CaCu2O6+delta SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th American Conference on Crystal Growth and Epitaxy/12th US Workshop on Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy* CY JUL 10-OCT 15, 2005 CL Big Sky, MT DE floating-zone technique; single-crystal growth; superconducting materials ID PRESSURE; LA2-XSRXCACU2O6 AB The effects of growth conditions and composition on the crystal growth of La-2126-phase superconducting materials have been studied by the floating-zone method. The composition of La-2126-phase single crystals was (La1-xSrx)(2)CaCu2O6+delta (x = 0.075-0.25). The crystals were grown under oxygen pressures from I bar to I I bar. A smooth planar solid-liquid growth interface of (La1-xSrx)(2)CaCu2O6+delta (x = 0.075) tended to break down into a cellular interface when the growth velocity was higher than 0.5mm/ h, or the Sr concentration x > 0.075. When the planar solid-liquid growth interface broke down into a cellular interface, the single-crystal size in an as-grown rod decreased abruptly and the as-grown rod was not of single phase. Various small sizes of CaO second phases were found inside the as-grown single crystals of (La1-xSrx)(2)CaCu2O6+delta (x >= 0.125). Based on the occurrence of these CaO second phases inside the as-grown crystals, the estimated solubility of as-grown single crystals is x = 0.075 for (La1-xSrx)(2)CaCu2O6+delta . The melting point of the La-2126 materials increases with increasing oxygen pressure. Cubic-centimeter-size single crystals were successfully grown for (La-1-Sr-x(x))(2)CaCu2O6+delta (x = 0.075). The superconducting transition temperature of the as-grown (La1-xSrx)(2)CaCu2O6+delta single crystals increases from T-c = 28 K to 46 K with increasing the Sr concentration x from 0.075 to 0.25 at 11 bar oxygen pressure. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gu, GD (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM ggu@bnl.gov RI Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009; Kim, Young-June /G-7196-2011; Gu, Genda/D-5410-2013; OI Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857; Kim, Young-June /0000-0002-1172-8895; Gu, Genda/0000-0002-9886-3255; Moodenbaugh, Arnold/0000-0002-3415-6762 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN 25 PY 2006 VL 287 IS 2 BP 318 EP 322 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.11.026 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 008WO UT WOS:000235071600023 ER PT J AU Buonassisi, T Istratov, AA Pickett, MD Rakotoniaina, JP Breitenstein, O Marcus, MA Heald, SM Weber, ER AF Buonassisi, T Istratov, AA Pickett, MD Rakotoniaina, JP Breitenstein, O Marcus, MA Heald, SM Weber, ER TI Transition metals in photovoltaic-grade ingot-cast multicrystalline silicon: Assessing the role of impurities in silicon nitride crucible lining material SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th American Conference on Crystal Growth and Epitaxy/12th US Workshop on Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy* CY JUL 10-OCT 15, 2005 CL Big Sky, MT DE defects; impurities; directional solidification; nitrides; semiconducting silicon; solar cells ID SOLAR-CELLS; DIFFUSION LENGTH; CONTAMINATION; IMPACT AB We assess the contamination potential of crucibles used during directionally solidified multicrystalline silicon (me-Si) ingot casting for cost-effective solar cell wafer production. Highly sensitive, synchrotron-based analytical microprobe techniques were used to study the distributions, sizes, elemental natures and chemical states of impurity-rich particles in alpha-Si3N4 powder representative of what is used to coat the inside of mc-Si ingot-casting crucibles, as well as the as-grown cast mc-Si material. Correlations between the elemental species, chemical states, particle sizes, relative concentrations and locations of impurities (e.g. Fe, Ti, Ca, Zn, Ni, Cu, N, C) concomitant in aSi(3)N(4) and as-grown mc-Si lead us to conclude that a-Si3N4 could be a significant source of contaminants during the ingot-casting mc-Si growth process. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Mat Sci, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Inst Microstruct Phys, D-06120 Halle, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Istratov, AA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Mat Sci, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Bldg 62-109,MS 62 R0203,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM istratov@berkeley.edu RI Buonassisi, Tonio/J-2723-2012 NR 23 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN 25 PY 2006 VL 287 IS 2 BP 402 EP 407 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.11.053 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 008WO UT WOS:000235071600041 ER PT J AU Teplin, CW Wang, Q Iwaniczko, E Jones, KM Al-Jassim, M Reedy, RC Branz, HM AF Teplin, CW Wang, Q Iwaniczko, E Jones, KM Al-Jassim, M Reedy, RC Branz, HM TI Low-temperature silicon homoepitaxy by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition with a Ta filament SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th American Conference on Crystal Growth and Epitaxy/12th US Workshop on Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy* CY JUL 10-OCT 15, 2005 CL Big Sky, MT DE epitaxy; hot-wire chemical vapor deposition; thin film; silicon; solar cell ID ION-ASSISTED DEPOSITION; EPITAXIAL SILICON; GROWTH; TRANSITION AB Growth of 400 nm epitaxial silicon films on (10 0) silicon wafers at temperatures as low as 280 degrees C is demonstrated by use of a tantalum filament in hot-wire chemical vapor deposition. Systematic studies on the effects of substrate temperature and filament current show that the thickest epitaxial layers (450 nm) are grown at temperatures of similar to 380 degrees C and that the epitaxial thickness before breakdown (h(epi)) decreases when the filament current (and growth rate) is increased. Higher substrate temperatures reduce the strain in the epitaxial layer. There are significant differences in film quality when films are grown with tantalum versus tungsten filaments, suggesting that growth chemistry is sensitive to the filament material. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Teplin, CW (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Charles_Teplin@NREL.gov NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN 25 PY 2006 VL 287 IS 2 BP 414 EP 418 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.11.055 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 008WO UT WOS:000235071600043 ER PT J AU Robinson, JT Liddle, JA Minor, A Radmilovic, V Dubon, OD AF Robinson, JT Liddle, JA Minor, A Radmilovic, V Dubon, OD TI Morphological evolution of Ge islands on Au-patterned Si SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th American Conference on Crystal Growth and Epitaxy/12th US Workshop on Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy* CY JUL 10-OCT 15, 2005 CL Big Sky, MT DE nanomaterials ID EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; TRANSITION; PYRAMIDS; SI(110); SI(001); DOMES; DOTS AB We present results on the growth of Ge islands into two-dimensional arrays by molecular beam epitaxy on Au-patterned Si. For a square array of An dots, a two-dimensional square lattice of Ge islands extending over hundreds of microns has been produced. Islands in the patterned region grow between An dots and have strikingly different shapes than islands on Au-free Si. For example, square base truncated pyramids grow on Si(001) while rod-shaped islands grow on Si(110). Characterization of island development on Si(001) shows three island shape transitions during growth with the final shape converging to that of the super-dome structure. For both Si(001) and Si(110) islands initially grow as "lens-like" structures before nucleating steep {111} side-facets and transforming into truncated pyramids or rods, respectively. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dubon, OD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 378 Hearst Mem Mining Bldg 1760, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM oddubon@berkeley.edu RI Robinson, Jeremy/F-2748-2010; Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN 25 PY 2006 VL 287 IS 2 BP 518 EP 521 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.11.078 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 008WO UT WOS:000235071600066 ER PT J AU Coltrin, ME Creighton, JR Mitchell, CC AF Coltrin, ME Creighton, JR Mitchell, CC TI Modeling the parasitic chemical reactions of AlGaN organometallic vapor-phase epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th American Conference on Crystal Growth and Epitaxy/12th US Workshop on Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy* CY JUL 10-OCT 15, 2005 CL Big Sky, MT DE metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy; organometallic vapor phase epitaxy; aluminum nitride; gallium nitride ID DEPOSITION REACTOR; GROWTH; REFLECTANCE; CHEMISTRY; OMVPE; NH3 AB Growth rates for organometallic vapor-phase epitaxy of GaN and AlGaN were measured over a wide range of reactor conditions. Non-ideality in growth rates and alloy composition are clear indications of parasitic chemical reactions. These parasitic reaction pathways lead to formation of gas-phase particulates, complicating control of growth and composition. This data set is used in conjunction with a reacting-flow model to try to understand the chemistry leading to particulate formation. We have developed a relatively simple, nine-step reaction mechanism describing the Ga-precursor decomposition, Al-adduct formation and methane elimination, particle nucleation, and particle growth in the AlGaN system. Reacting-flow simulations were used to predict film growth rates and are in good agreement with our rotating-disk reactor experiments. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Coltrin, ME (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-0601, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mecoltr@sandia.gov NR 20 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN 25 PY 2006 VL 287 IS 2 BP 566 EP 571 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.10.077 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 008WO UT WOS:000235071600078 ER PT J AU Creighton, JR Koleske, DD Mitchell, CC AF Creighton, JR Koleske, DD Mitchell, CC TI Emissivity-correcting near-UV pyrometry for group-III nitride OMVPE SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th American Conference on Crystal Growth and Epitaxy/12th US Workshop on Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy* CY JUL 10-OCT 15, 2005 CL Big Sky, MT DE metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy; organometallic vapor phase epitaxy; aluminum nitride; gallium nitride ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENT; ADDUCT FORMATION; GROWTH; ALGAN; MOVPE; TRIMETHYLGALLIUM; REFLECTANCE; DEPOSITION; COMPOUND AB We developed a pyrometer that operates near the high-temperature bandgap of GaN, thus solving the transparency problem once a similar to 1 mu m thick GaN epilayer has been established. The system collects radiation in the near-UV (380-415 nm) and has an effective detection wavelength of similar to 405nm. By simultaneously measuring reflectance we also correct for emissivity changes when films of differing optical properties (e.g. AlGaN) are deposited on the GaN template. We recently modified the pyrometer hardware and software to enable measurements in a multiwafer Veeco D-125 OMVPE system. A method of synchronizing and indexing the detection system with the wafer platen was developed; so signals only from the desired wafer(s) could be measured, while rejecting thermal emission signals from the platen. Despite losses in optical throughput and duty cycle we are able to maintain adequate performance from 700 to 1100 degrees C. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Creighton, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0601, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jrcreig@sandia.gov NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN 25 PY 2006 VL 287 IS 2 BP 572 EP 576 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.10.078 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 008WO UT WOS:000235071600079 ER PT J AU Cotrell, DL Pearlstein, AJ AF Cotrell, DL Pearlstein, AJ TI Linear stability of spiral and annular Poiseuille flow for small radius ratio SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSIVE FLUID LAYER; ROTATING COAXIAL CYLINDERS; AXIAL-FLOW; COUETTE-FLOW; VORTEX FLOW; CONVECTIVE INSTABILITY; CONCENTRIC CYLINDERS; INNER CYLINDER; MASS-TRANSFER; VISCOUS-FLOW AB 2For the radius ratio eta = R(i)/R(o) = 0.1 and several rotation rate ratios mu =Omega(o)/Omega(i), we consider the linear stability of spiral Poiseuille flow (SPF) Lip to Re = 10(5), where Ri and R(o) are the radii of the inner and outer cylinders, respectively, Re equivalent to (V) over bar (Z)(R(o) -R(i))/v is the Reynolds number, Omega(i) and Omega(o), are the (signed) angular speeds of the inner and outer cylinders, respectively, v is the kinematic viscosity, and (V) over bar (Z) is the mean axial velocity. The Re range extends more than three orders of magnitude beyond that considered in the previous mu = 0 work of Recktenwald et al. (Phys. Rev. E, vol. 48, 1993, p. 444). We show that in the non-rotating limit of annular Poiseuille flow, linear instability does not occur below a critical radius ratio (eta) over cap approximate to 0. 115. We also establish the connection of the linear stability of annular Poiseuille flow for 0 < eta <= (eta) over cap 7 at all Re to the linear stability of circular Poiseuille flow (eta = 0) at all Re. For the rotating case, with mu = -1, -0.5, -0.25, 0 and 0.2, the stability boundaries, presented in terms of critical Taylor number Ta equivalent to Omega(i)(R(o)-R(i))(2)/v versus Re, show that the results are qualitatively different from those at larger eta. For each mu, the centrifugal instability at small Re does not connect to a high-Re Tollimen-Schlichting-like instability of annular Poiseuille flow, since the latter instability does not exist for eta < (eta) over cap. We find a range of Re for which disconnected neutral curves exist in the k-Ta plane, which for each non-zero mu considered, lead to a Multi-valued stability boundary, corresponding to two disjoint ranges of stable Ta. For each counter-rotating (mu < 0) case, there is a finite range of Re for which there exist three critical Values of Ta, with the upper branch emanating from the Re = 0 instability of Couette flow. For the co-rotating (mu = 0.2) case, there are two critical values of Ta for each Re in an apparently semi-infinite range of Re, with neither branch of the stability boundary intersecting the Re=0 axis, consistent with the classical result of Synge that Couette flow is stable with respect to all small disturbances if mu > eta(2), and our earlier results for mu > eta(2) at larger eta. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Cotrell, DL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Pearlstein, Arne/0000-0002-7044-5537 NR 38 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD JAN 25 PY 2006 VL 547 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1017/S002211200500697X PG 20 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 007IC UT WOS:000234961200001 ER PT J AU Ferrare, R Turner, D Clayton, M Schmid, B Redemann, J Covert, D Elleman, R Ogren, J Andrews, E Goldsmith, JEM Jonsson, H AF Ferrare, R Turner, D Clayton, M Schmid, B Redemann, J Covert, D Elleman, R Ogren, J Andrews, E Goldsmith, JEM Jonsson, H TI Evaluation of daytime measurements of aerosols and water vapor made by an operational Raman lidar over the Southern Great Plains SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVE OBSERVATION PERIODS; LOWER TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL; GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS; SINGLE-SCATTERING ALBEDO; TO-BACKSCATTER RATIO; MID-ATLANTIC COAST; AIRBORNE IN-SITU; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; EARLINET PROJECT; SUN PHOTOMETER AB [1] Raman lidar water vapor and aerosol extinction profiles acquired during the daytime over the Department of Energy ( DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement ( ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) site in northern Oklahoma (36.606 N, 97.50 W, 315 m) are evaluated using profiles measured by in situ and remote sensing instruments deployed during the May 2003 Aerosol Intensive Operations Period (IOP). The automated algorithms used to derive these profiles from the Raman lidar data were first modified to reduce the adverse effects associated with a general loss of sensitivity of the Raman lidar since early 2002. The Raman lidar water vapor measurements, which are calibrated to match precipitable water vapor (PWV) derived from coincident microwave radiometer (MWR) measurements were, on average, 5 - 10% (0.3 - 0.6 g/m(3)) higher than the other measurements. Some of this difference is due to out-of-date line parameters that were subsequently updated in the MWR PWV retrievals. The Raman lidar aerosol extinction measurements were, on average, about 0.03 km(-1) higher than aerosol measurements derived from airborne Sun photometer measurements of aerosol optical thickness and in situ measurements of aerosol scattering and absorption. This bias, which was about 50% of the mean aerosol extinction measured during this IOP, decreased to about 10% when aerosol extinction comparisons were restricted to aerosol extinction values larger than 0.15 km(-1). The lidar measurements of the aerosol extinction/ backscatter ratio and airborne Sun photometer measurements of the aerosol optical thickness were used along with in situ measurements of the aerosol size distribution to retrieve estimates of the aerosol single scattering albedo (omega(o)) and the effective complex refractive index. Retrieved values of omega(o) ranged from (0.91 - 0.98) and were in generally good agreement with omega(o) derived from airborne in situ measurements of scattering and absorption. Elevated aerosol layers located between about 2.6 and 3.6 km were observed by the Raman lidar on 25 and 27 May. The airborne measurements and lidar retrievals indicated that these layers, which were likely smoke produced by Siberian forest fires, were primarily composed of relatively large particles (r(eff) similar to 0.23 mu m) and that the layers were relatively nonabsorbing (omega(o) similar to 0.96 - 0.98). Preliminary results show that major modifications that were made to the Raman lidar system during 2004 have dramatically improved the sensitivity in the aerosol and water vapor channels and reduced random errors in the aerosol scattering ratio and water vapor retrievals by an order of magnitude. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Naval Postgrad Sch, Ctr Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft S, Marina, CA 93933 USA. RP NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Applicat Int Corp, MS 401A, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM richard.a.ferrare@nasa.gov; dave.turner@pnl.gov; m.b.clayton@larc.nasa.gov; bschmid@mail.arc.nasa.gov; jredemann@mail.arc.nasa.gov; dcovert@u.washington.edu; rob@atmos.washington.edu; john.a.ogren@noaa.gov; betsy.andrews@noaa.gov; jgold@sandia.gov; hjonsson@nps.navy.mil RI Ogren, John/M-8255-2015 OI Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583 NR 77 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 25 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D5 AR D05S08 DI 10.1029/2005JD005836 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 008GB UT WOS:000235027100001 ER PT J AU Kieffer, J Johnson, JA Nickolayev, O Bass, JD AF Kieffer, J Johnson, JA Nickolayev, O Bass, JD TI Structures and visco-elastic properties of potassium tellurite: glass versus melt SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE STRUCTURE; BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; UP-CONVERSION; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; RAMAN-SPECTRA; LIQUIDS; IONS; NMR; CONDUCTIVITY; RELAXATION AB The Structure and visco-elastic properties of K2Te4O9 have been examined as a function of temperature, Using neutron scattering and Brillouin light scattering, respectively. The neutron scattering data indicate that the coordination of tellurium by oxygen changes notably once the material is heated above the ass transition temperature. This and the associated decrease in elastic modulus are consistent with converting network building blocks from trigonal bipyramids to trigonal pyramids. The latter form chain-like structures that constitute a liquid characterized by a single relaxation mechanism. Structural relaxation in the liquid results ill further decrease of its elastic storage capacity and in a maximum of dissipative losses due to viscous processes. The break-up of the glassy network, which is attributed to a frictionless transformation of building blocks, is distinct from the Viscous relaxation of the liquid; their visco-elastic signatures can be observed in separate temperature intervals. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Kieffer, J (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 2300 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Bass, Jay/G-2599-2013; Johnson, Jacqueline/P-4844-2014 OI Johnson, Jacqueline/0000-0003-0830-9275 NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JAN 25 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 3 BP 903 EP 914 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/18/3/009 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 014DC UT WOS:000235458000012 ER PT J AU Nelson, CS Kolagani, RM Overby, M Smolyaninova, VN Kennedy, R AF Nelson, CS Kolagani, RM Overby, M Smolyaninova, VN Kennedy, R TI Charge order in photosensitive Bi0.4Ca0.6MnO3 films SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID X-RAY DIFFRACTION; METAL TRANSITION; MANGANITE; PHASE AB We report the Structural and electronic characterization of the charge order phase in Bi0.4Ca0.6MnO3 films, in which photoinduced resistivity changes have been observed at temperatures approaching room temperature. Lattice distortions associated with the charge order are observed in all films, and both the wavevectors and displacements of the distortions are in the plane of the film. Films under compressive and tensile strain are observed to have different resonant x-ray scattering characteristics-a result that may shed light on the mechanism responsible for the photosensitivity exhibited by this material. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Towson Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Geosci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. RP Nelson, CS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JAN 25 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 3 BP 997 EP 1004 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/18/3/016 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 014DC UT WOS:000235458000019 ER PT J AU Kim, J Lee, JE Lee, J Yu, JH Kim, BC An, K Hwang, Y Shin, CH Park, JG Kim, J Hyeon, T AF Kim, J Lee, JE Lee, J Yu, JH Kim, BC An, K Hwang, Y Shin, CH Park, JG Kim, J Hyeon, T TI Magnetic fluorescent delivery vehicle using uniform mesoporous silica spheres embedded with monodisperse magnetic and semiconductor nanocrystals SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NANOPARTICLES; NANOCOMPOSITE; MICELLES C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Ctr Oxide Nanocrystalline Mat, Seoul 151744, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Inst Basic Sci, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Chungbuk Natl Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Chonju 360763, South Korea. RP Hyeon, T (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Ctr Oxide Nanocrystalline Mat, Seoul 151744, South Korea. EM thyeon@plaza.snu.ac.kr RI Kim, Byoung Chan/A-2885-2009; Hyeon, Taeghwan/J-5315-2012; Park, Je Geun/K-8571-2013; LEE, JI EUN/L-6920-2013; Wei, Zhanhua/D-7544-2013; Lee, Jinwoo/G-3330-2016; Lee, Junyoung/D-5463-2012 OI Wei, Zhanhua/0000-0003-2687-0293; Lee, Jinwoo/0000-0001-6347-0446; Lee, Junyoung/0000-0001-6689-2759 NR 18 TC 627 Z9 645 U1 22 U2 329 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 25 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 3 BP 688 EP 689 DI 10.1021/ja0565875 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 005IE UT WOS:000234815000010 PM 16417336 ER PT J AU Sun, NY Patterson, BR Suni, JP Simielli, EA Weiland, H Allard, LF AF Sun, NY Patterson, BR Suni, JP Simielli, EA Weiland, H Allard, LF TI Microstructural evolution in twin roll cast AA3105 during homogenization SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE twin roll casting; homogenization; aluminum alloy; microstructural evolution; recrystallization ID ALUMINUM-ALLOY STRIP; RECRYSTALLIZATION AB In twin roll cast (TRC) AA3105, high solidification and post-solidification cooling rates lead to high manganese supersaturation throughout the strip and very fine constituent particles near the surface. Rolled and annealed TRC material shows sluggish recrystallization kinetics and a very coarse grain structure, due to concurrent dispersoid precipitation that inhibits formation of recrystallization nuclei. Homogenization from 5 to 120 h at 600 degrees C reduced solute supersaturation and coarsened constituent particles, reducing but not eliminating the particle size gradient. The resulting grain structure was fine throughout most of the strip, but with larger grains at the surface. More extensive cyclical homogenization up to 620 degrees C further coarsened the constituent particles and produced a uniform fine grain structure throughout the strip. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Alcoa Tech Ctr, Alcoa Ctr, PA 15069 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sun, NY (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1530 3rd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM nysun@uab.edu NR 20 TC 26 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JAN 25 PY 2006 VL 416 IS 1-2 BP 232 EP 239 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.10.018 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 004TA UT WOS:000234773900032 ER PT J AU Lograsso, TA Summers, EM AF Lograsso, TA Summers, EM TI Detection and quantification of D0(3) chemical order in Fe-Ga alloys using high resolution X-ray diffraction SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Fe-Ga alloy; magnetostriction; structural determination; galfenol ID AT-PERCENT GA; HEAT-TREATMENT; AL ALLOYS; SYSTEM; CONSTITUTION; DEPENDENCE; DIAGRAM; PHASES AB Fe-Ga alloys have exhibited significant increases in magnetostriction as a function of Ga content, reaching a maximum near the solubility limit of Ga in BCC alpha-Fe (A2). At this limit, the magnetostriction is dependent on the thermal history of the sample and the formation of long-range chemically ordered D0(3) phase. However, due to nearly identical unit cells of A2 and D0(3) phases and similar atomic scattering factors of Fe and Ga, detection and quantification of phase mixtures in Fe-Ga alloys is problematic. This work demonstrates the use of high resolution powder X-ray diffraction in detecting the presence of two-phase mixtures in Fe-Ga alloys. Peak splitting of the primary reflections is resolved, irrespective of whether or not superlattice reflections from the ordered structure are detectable. This peak splitting is clearly discernible from K alpha(1)-K alpha(2) splitting at moderate and high 2 theta values and texturing of the samples does not interfere or mask the peak splitting. Quantitative analysis showed Fe-19.5 at.% Ga was 100% A2 when quenched from high temperatures, but was a two-phase mixture, 67% A2 and 33% D0(3) by volume, when slow cooled. Conversely, Fe-22 at.% Ga alloy was a two-phase mix, 40% A2 and 60% D0(3) when quenched and 100% D0(3) when slow cooled. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Etrema Prod, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Lograsso, TA (reprint author), Ames Lab, 111 Met Dev Bldg, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM lograsso@ameslab.gov NR 12 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JAN 25 PY 2006 VL 416 IS 1-2 BP 240 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.10.035 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 004TA UT WOS:000234773900033 ER PT J AU Deng, L Furuta, PT Garon, S Li, J Kavulak, D Thompson, ME Frechet, JMJ AF Deng, L Furuta, PT Garon, S Li, J Kavulak, D Thompson, ME Frechet, JMJ TI Living radical polymerization of bipolar transport materials for highly efficient light emitting diodes SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CYCLOMETALATED IRIDIUM COMPLEXES; THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; ELECTROPHOSPHORESCENT DEVICES; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; SEMICONDUCTING POLYMERS; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; LAYER; HOLE; COPOLYMERS; EMISSION AB The synthesis of hole transport, electron transport, and functionalized beta-diketone monomers, as well as their living radical polymerization, is described. Utilizing a second-generation nitroxide initiator allows the polymerization of homopolymers, as well as random and block co- and terpolymers, with predictable molecular weights and low polydispersities. These highly soluble polymers bearing bipolar transport moieties can either be used directly as a matrix for doping with luminescent molecules or be functionalized with phosphorescent iridium or platinum complexes. The flexibility of polymer construction and functionalization translates into versatility in the design and the tuning of functional properties of solution-processed organic light emitting diodes. Devices emitting white light with maximum front face external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 4.9% and devices having green emission with maximum EQE of 10.5% have been achieved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Frechet, JMJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM frechet@berkeley.edu OI Thompson, Mark/0000-0002-7764-4096; Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 NR 55 TC 115 Z9 117 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JAN 24 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 2 BP 386 EP 395 DI 10.1021/cm051922+ PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 007KO UT WOS:000234967900023 ER PT J AU Jain, G Balasubramanian, M Xu, JJ AF Jain, G Balasubramanian, M Xu, JJ TI Structural studies of lithium intercalation in a nanocrystalline alpha-Fe2O3 compound SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; IRON-OXIDES; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; OXIDATION-STATE; PRE-EDGE; IN-SITU; SPECTROSCOPY; COMPLEXES; BATTERIES; GOETHITE AB A nanocrystalline Fe2O3, synthesized via a low-temperature aqueous synthesis route, is reported as a cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries. This compound possesses a structure similar to that of hematite or alpha-Fe2O3 with crystallites ca. 5 nm in size. The electrochemical properties of this compound are seen to be dramatically superior to those of microcrystalline alpha-Fe2O3, with specific capacities of 200-250 mA(.)h/g and energy densities of 425-500 mW(.)h/g at different current rates. The compound also shows excellent reversibility upon discharge/charge cycling, much improved over that reported for most microcrystalline iron oxides. Detailed structural analysis of the compound and its lithium intercalation process has been conducted via X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS), and unique features associated with the nanocrystalline compound have been observed. First, owing to the very small crystallite size and the associated structural disorder, deviations in the local structure of the nanocrystalline compound in comparison to microcrystalline alpha-Fe2O3 are seen. Second, the nanocrystalline compound is observed to yield much higher single-phase capacity than that of the microcrystalline alpha-Fe2O3. The nanocrystalline compound allows accommodation of up to 0.47 Li per Fe2O3 whereas the microcrystalline compound is known to yield single-phase capacity up to only 0.03 Li per Fe2O3. Finally, upon further discharge the nanocrystalline compound shows transformation to a substantially disordered structure that can be indexed to a cubic lattice. Isosbestic points in the XAFS data clearly show the occurrence of this phase transformation and emerge as a strong tool for determining phase transformations incipient at the local scale. This study reveals the surprising electrochemical performance of the nanocrystalline iron oxide and the underlying novel structural and mechanistic characteristics and highlights the striking contrast between nanocrystalline intercalation compounds and their microcrystalline counterparts. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Xu, JJ (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM johnxu@rci.rutgers.edu NR 44 TC 66 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JAN 24 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 2 BP 423 EP 434 DI 10.1021/cm052014f PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 007KO UT WOS:000234967900028 ER PT J AU Sorensen, EM Barry, SJ Jung, HK Rondinelli, JR Vaughey, JT Poeppelmeier, KR AF Sorensen, EM Barry, SJ Jung, HK Rondinelli, JR Vaughey, JT Poeppelmeier, KR TI Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous Li4Ti5O12: Effect of wall structure on electrochemical properties SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; ELECTROLYTE INTERFACE FILM; STRAIN INSERTION MATERIAL; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; SOL-GEL METHOD; NANOCRYSTALLINE LI4TI5O12; SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; SECONDARY BATTERIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TITANYL OXALATE AB Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) Li4Ti5O12 was synthesized using poly(methyl methacrylate) colloidal crystal templates and metal organic aqueous precursors. 3DOM structures of various filling fractions and wall thicknesses were synthesized, and the materials evaluated in lithium ion battery cells. The 3DOM architecture was found to markedly improve the rate capability of Li4Ti5O12 when the voids of the template were underfilled or perfectly filled. When the template voids were overfilled, the performance of the electrode was similar to that of nonporous Li4Ti5O12. We believe the enhanced rate capability results from the interconnected network of nanometer scale walls, which create short lithium diffusion distances and better contact with the electrolyte. SEM and TEM micrographs reveal that the nature of the wall structure forms low angle grain boundaries in 3DOM Li4Ti5O12, which enhances conduction pathways in the particle, especially at high rates. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Korea Res Inst Chem Technol, Adv Mat Div, Taejon 305606, South Korea. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL USA. RP Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM krp@northwestern.edu RI Rondinelli, James/A-2071-2009 OI Rondinelli, James/0000-0003-0508-2175 NR 68 TC 235 Z9 248 U1 13 U2 197 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JAN 24 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 2 BP 482 EP 489 DI 10.1021/cm052203y PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 007KO UT WOS:000234967900036 ER PT J AU Lee, CC Frechet, JMJ AF Lee, CC Frechet, JMJ TI Synthesis and conformations of dendronized poly(L-lysine) SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERIC CONTRAST AGENTS; DENDRITIC SIDE-GROUPS; BRANCHED POLYPEPTIDES; CYLINDRICAL MACROMOLECULES; ALIPHATIC POLYESTERS; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; DIVERGENT SYNTHESIS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; LINEAR-POLYMERS; CARRIER DESIGN AB Dendronized polymers based on a poly(L-lysine) backbone have been synthesized up to the fourth generation. The hydroxyl-terminated polymers are completely water-soluble, which makes them good candidates for drug delivery applications. The dendronized polypeptide backbones are helical at lower generations, but undergo a dramatic conformational change from alpha-helical to disordered upon increasing the dendron size to the third generation. This conformational change, attributed to steric repulsions between dendrons, is supported by spectroscopic measurements, while chain extension upon dendronization is confirmed by scanning force microscopy. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frechet, JMJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM frechet@cchem.berkeley.edu OI Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 NR 45 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JAN 24 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 2 BP 476 EP 481 DI 10.1021/ma052078b PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 007XN UT WOS:000235004900005 ER PT J AU Toomey, R Mays, J Tirrell, M AF Toomey, R Mays, J Tirrell, M TI The role of salt in governing the adsorption mechanisms of micelle-forming polyelectrolyte/neutral diblock copolymers SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID HYDROPHOBICALLY-MODIFIED POLYELECTROLYTES; AQUEOUS SOLUTION INTERFACE; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; KINETICS; ELLIPSOMETRY; POLYMERS; DYNAMICS; SURFACES; BRUSHES; SOLVENT AB The adsorption kinetics of amphiphilic poly(tert-butyl styrene)-block-poly(sodium styrenesulfonate) copolymers have been monitored as a function of a monovalent 1:1 salt (sodium chloride) to hydrophobic octadecylsilane (OTS) surfaces and compared to the adsorption kinetics of poly(sodium styrenesulfonate) homopolymer. The initial adsorption rate of the homopolymer shows a weak power-law dependence on the external salt concentration, phi(s)(1/10), at salt concentrations above 0.01 M, in agreement with diffusion-limited kinetics. Moreover, the adsorbed amount reaches a definitive plateau in less than 24 h at all salt concentrations. The initial adsorption rate of the copolymer, on the other hand, adsorbs 1-2 orders of magnitude more slowly than the homopolymer and does not follow diffusion-limited kinetics, which call be ascribed to the presence of micelles. Micelles adsorb to the surface, but the micelles must overcome a potential energy barrier in order to adsorb. That being said, the copolymer micelles eventually surpass the adsorbed amount of the homopolymer and show no signs of reaching saturation, even after 1 week of adsorption. The copolymer shows two types of adsorption kinetics at long times. If the external salt concentration phi(s) is sufficiently higher than the counterion concentration associated with the adsorbed layer, the copolymers adsorb with phi(s)(2/5){log(t)}(6/5) kinetics. In the other limit, where the internal ion concentration in the brush layer is higher than the external salt concentration, the adsorption kinetics show weak power-law behavior. Simple scaling relationships have been established to understand the qualitative differences between adsorption in the two regimes. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tirrell, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM tirrell@engineering.ucsb.edu NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JAN 24 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 2 BP 697 EP 702 DI 10.1021/ma0510542 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 007XN UT WOS:000235004900032 ER PT J AU Yun, SI Terao, K Hong, KL Melnichenko, YB Wignall, GD Britt, PF Mays, JW AF Yun, SI Terao, K Hong, KL Melnichenko, YB Wignall, GD Britt, PF Mays, JW TI Solution properties of 1,3-cyclohexadiene polymers by laser light scattering and small-angle neutron scattering SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID INTRINSIC-VISCOSITY; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE; STIFFNESS; CHAIN C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Osaka Univ, Dept Macromol Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yun, SI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Terao, Ken/B-9143-2008; Hong, Kunlun/E-9787-2015; OI Terao, Ken/0000-0001-7363-4491; Hong, Kunlun/0000-0002-2852-5111; Wignall, George/0000-0002-3876-3244 NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JAN 24 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 2 BP 897 EP 899 DI 10.1021/ma052022h PG 3 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 007XN UT WOS:000235004900055 ER PT J AU Hornak, V Okur, A Rizzo, RC Simmerling, C AF Hornak, V Okur, A Rizzo, RC Simmerling, C TI HIV-1 protease flaps spontaneously open and reclose in molecular dynamics simulations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE AIDS; HIV protease; molecular dynamics simulations; protein dynamics ID DRUG-RESISTANCE; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; ASPARTYL PROTEASE; GENERALIZED BORN; FORCE-FIELD; MODEL; FLEXIBILITY; RELAXATION; INHIBITOR; PROTEINS AB We report unrestrained, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of HIV-1 protease that sample large conformational changes of the active site flaps. In particular, the unliganded protease undergoes multiple conversions between the "closed" and "semiopen" forms observed in crystal structures of inhibitor-bound and unliganded protease, respectively, including reversal of flap "handedness." Simulations in the presence of a cyclic urea inhibitor yield stable closed flaps. Furthermore, we observe several events in which the flaps of the unliganded protease open to a much greater degree than observed in crystal structures and subsequently return to the semiopen state. Our data strongly support the hypothesis that the unliganded protease predominantly populates the semiopen conformation, with closed and fully open structures being a minor component of the overall ensemble. The results also provide a model for the flap opening and closing that is considered to be essential to enzyme function. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Ctr Struct Biol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Computat Sci Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Simmerling, C (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM carlos.simmerling@stonybrook.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM061678-06A1, GM6167803, R01 GM061678] NR 35 TC 205 Z9 208 U1 0 U2 23 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 24 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 4 BP 915 EP 920 DI 10.1073/pnas.0508452103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 007AC UT WOS:000234938300016 PM 16418268 ER PT J AU Babu, SS Kelly, SM Murugananth, M Martukanitz, RP AF Babu, SS Kelly, SM Murugananth, M Martukanitz, RP TI Reactive gas shielding during laser surface alloying for production of hard coatings SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hardness testing; laser melting; iron alloys; reactive gas shielding ID FLUX-CORED ELECTRODES; STEEL WELD-METAL; STAINLESS-STEEL; ARC WELDS; MICROSTRUCTURE; NITROGEN; RESISTANCE; TOUGHNESS; CORROSION AB The effects of nitrogen addition to shielding gas during laser surface alloying with a mixture of 80 wt.% 431-type stainless steel and 20 wt.% titanium carbide powders were investigated. Microstructural characterization of the laser deposits indicated that titanium carbide melted and re-precipitated as fine carbides from the liquid melt during cooling. With 100% nitrogen shielding and the same powder mixtures, a deposition with increased hardness was obtained. The microstructural evolution in the deposit was calculated with equilibrium thermodynamic calculations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Mat Engn, Singapore, Singapore. RP Babu, SS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM babuss@ornl.gov RI Babu, Sudarsanam/D-1694-2010 OI Babu, Sudarsanam/0000-0002-3531-2579 NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD JAN 24 PY 2006 VL 200 IS 8 BP 2663 EP 2671 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.02.160 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 010NT UT WOS:000235202100010 ER PT J AU Kim, KY Yellampalle, B Rodriguez, G Averitt, RD Taylor, AJ Glownia, JH AF Kim, KY Yellampalle, B Rodriguez, G Averitt, RD Taylor, AJ Glownia, JH TI Single-shot, interferometric, high-resolution, terahertz field diagnostic SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL INTERFEROMETRY; PULSES; DISTORTION; BEAM AB We present a single-shot, high-temporal-resolution terahertz diagnostic capable of measuring free-space far-infrared electromagnetic fields in time and space. We show that by using a chirped probe electro-optic sampling technique, in combination with a recently described interferometric retrieval algorithm [Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 211109 (2005)], the diagnostic can provide transform-limited temporal resolution, mainly limited by the spectral bandwidth of the optical probe pulse, regardless of its chirp. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kim, KY (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Rodriguez, George/G-7571-2012 OI Rodriguez, George/0000-0002-6044-9462 NR 15 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 23 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 4 AR 041123 DI 10.1063/1.2168897 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 007KV UT WOS:000234968600023 ER PT J AU Li, YH Gong, XG Wei, SH AF Li, YH Gong, XG Wei, SH TI Ab initio calculation of hydrostatic absolute deformation potential of semiconductors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BAND OFFSETS; MODEL; DOTS; SI AB The hydrostatic absolute deformation potential (ADP) of the valence-band maximum state is one of the most important properties of semiconductors. Yet, it has been calculated in the past only using assumptions that have not been rigorously approved. In this letter, we present an approach to calculate the hydrostatic ADP of Si, GaAs, and ZnSe using an ab initio all-electron method and lattice harmonic expansions. We show that the calculated ADP is independent of the selection of the reference energy levels. The calculated ADPs are all positive for the three systems. However, as the p-d coupling increases in the II-VI compounds, the ADP decreases. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wei, SH (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. EM swei@nrel.gov RI gong, xingao /B-1337-2010; gong, xingao/D-6532-2011 NR 20 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 23 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 4 AR 042104 DI 10.1063/1.2168254 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 007KV UT WOS:000234968600049 ER PT J AU Mueller, AH Akhadov, EA Hoffbauer, MA AF Mueller, AH Akhadov, EA Hoffbauer, MA TI Low-temperature growth of crystalline GaN films using energetic neutral atomic-beam lithography/epitaxy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GALLIUM NITRIDE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; EPITAXY; SAPPHIRE; LAYERS AB Crystalline and polycrystalline gallium nitride films have been grown on bare c-axis-oriented sapphire at low temperatures (100 degrees C to 500 degrees C) using energetic neutral atom-beam lithography/epitaxy. Surface chemistry is activated by exposing substrates to nitrogen atoms with kinetic energies between 0.5 and 5.0 eV and a simultaneous flux of Ga metal, allowing low-temperature growth of GaN thin films. The as-grown GaN films show semiconducting properties, a high degree of crystallinity, and excellent epitaxial alignment. This method of low-temperature nitride film growth opens opportunities for integrating novel substrate materials with group III nitride technologies. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mueller, AH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mhoffbauer@lanl.gov NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 23 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 4 AR 014907 DI 10.1063/1.2166485 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 007KV UT WOS:000234968600030 ER PT J AU Sort, J Salazar-Alvarez, G Baro, MD Dieny, B Hoffmann, A Novosad, V Nogues, J AF Sort, J Salazar-Alvarez, G Baro, MD Dieny, B Hoffmann, A Novosad, V Nogues, J TI Controlling magnetic vortices through exchange bias SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-DOMAIN; MICROSTRUCTURES; NANOSTRUCTURES; STATE AB The magnetization reversal in Permalloy (Py) and Py-IrMn disks (1 mu m diameter) is investigated. The Py disks reverse their magnetization via vortex state formation. Conversely, if the Py-IrMn disks are field cooled from above the blocking temperature T-B, a critical angle with respect to the cooling direction is set, beyond which the vortex no longer nucleates. This angle can be experimentally tuned by varying the magnitude of the exchange bias field. Furthermore, the coupling with IrMn can also induce an enhancement of the vortex stability when the disks are zero-field cooled from above T-B. C1 Univ Autonoma Barcelona, ICREA, Barcelona 08193, Spain. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Fis, Barcelona 08193, Spain. CEA Grenoble, CNRS, URA 2512, CEA,SPINTEC, F-38054 Grenoble, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sort, J (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Barcelona, ICREA, Barcelona 08193, Spain. EM jordi.sort@uab.es RI Novosad, V /J-4843-2015; Salazar-Alvarez, German/A-4802-2009; Baro, Maria Dolors/A-2096-2009; Nogues, Josep/D-7791-2012; Hoffmann, Axel/A-8152-2009; Novosad, Valentyn/C-2018-2014; Sort, Jordi/F-6582-2014 OI Salazar-Alvarez, German/0000-0002-0671-435X; Baro, Maria Dolors/0000-0002-8636-1063; Nogues, Josep/0000-0003-4616-1371; Hoffmann, Axel/0000-0002-1808-2767; Sort, Jordi/0000-0003-1213-3639 NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 23 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 4 AR 042502 DI 10.1063/1.2165290 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 007KV UT WOS:000234968600060 ER PT J AU Stolyarov, VV Valiev, RZ Zhu, YT AF Stolyarov, VV Valiev, RZ Zhu, YT TI Enhanced low-temperature impact toughness of nanostructured Ti SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-REFINEMENT; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TENSILE DEFORMATION; METALS; DUCTILITY; NANOCRYSTALLINE; STRENGTH; ECAP; MICROSTRUCTURE; BEHAVIOR AB Impact toughness is one of the major mechanical properties for structural materials. It is generally observed that in coarse-grained materials the impact toughness decreases with decreasing testing temperature. Here, we report that the impact toughness of nanostructured Ti processed by severe plastic deformation is enhanced at low temperatures of -70 degrees C and -196 degrees C, a unique phenomenon that contradicts the observations in coarse-grained materials. The enhanced impact toughness is attributed to the increased strength and ductility of nanostructured Ti as well as smaller fracture dimples at lower temperatures. This result demonstrates the advantage of using nanostructured Ti in low-temperature applications. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Ufa State Aviat Tech Univ, Inst Phys Adv Mat, Ufa 450001, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Stolyarov, VV (reprint author), Ufa State Aviat Tech Univ, Inst Phys Adv Mat, K Marksa 12, Ufa 450001, Russia. EM yzhu@lanl.gov RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422 NR 21 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 23 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 4 AR 041905 DI 10.1063/1.2167800 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 007KV UT WOS:000234968600028 ER PT J AU Ziegler, A Idrobo, JC Cinibulk, MK Kisielowski, C Browning, ND Ritchie, RO AF Ziegler, A Idrobo, JC Cinibulk, MK Kisielowski, C Browning, ND Ritchie, RO TI Atomic-resolution observations of semicrystalline intergranular thin films in silicon nitride SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; EQUILIBRIUM THICKNESS; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; CERAMICS; BETA-SI3N4; PHASES AB Nanoscale intergranular films in doped silicon-nitride ceramics are known to markedly affect toughness and creep resistance. They are regarded as being fully amorphous, but are shown here to have a semicrystalline structure in a Ce-doped Si3N4. Using two different but complementary high-resolution electron-microscopy methods, the intergranular atomic structure, imaged with sub-angstrom resolution, reveals that segregated cerium ions take very periodic positions, along the intergranular-phase/matrix-grain interface and as a semicrystalline structure spanning the width of the intergranular phase. This result has broad implications for the understanding of the structure and role of the intergranular phase in enhancing the mechanical properties of ceramics. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ritchie, RO (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM roritchie@lbl.gov RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; Idrobo, Juan/H-4896-2015; OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Idrobo, Juan/0000-0001-7483-9034; Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 23 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 4 AR 041919 DI 10.1063/1.2168021 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 007KV UT WOS:000234968600042 ER PT J AU Sykora, RE Assefa, Z Haire, RG Albrecht-Schmitt, TE AF Sykora, RE Assefa, Z Haire, RG Albrecht-Schmitt, TE TI First structural determination of a trivalent Californium compound with oxygen coordination SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; IODATE; RAMAN; LUMINESCENCE; TRIHALIDES; SPECTRA AB Single crystals of Cf(IO3)(3) (1) were synthesized by the hydrothermal reaction Of CfCl3 and H5IO6, and the structure was determined with single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This structural determination of 1 represents the first for a trivalent californium compound containing oxygen coordination. This compound has been further characterized with the use of Raman spectroscopy and emission spectroscopy. Crystallographic data: Cf(IO3)(3), monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n, a = 8.7994(10) angstrom, b = 5.9388(7) angstrom, c 15.157(2) angstrom, beta = 96.833(2)degrees, V = 786.43(16) angstrom(3), Z = 4 (T = 295 K). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Transuranium Res Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Chem, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Leach Nucl Sci Ctr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Sykora, RE (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, Dept Chem, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. EM rsykora@jaguar1.usouthal.edu NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JAN 23 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 2 BP 475 EP 477 DI 10.1021/ic051667v PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 006NW UT WOS:000234905200003 PM 16411673 ER PT J AU Pestovsky, O Bakac, A AF Pestovsky, O Bakac, A TI Aqueous ferryl(IV) ion: Kinetics of oxygen atom transfer to substrates and oxo exchange with solvent water SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ISOTOPIC O-18 EXCHANGE; SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; COMPLEXES; INTERMEDIATE; ENZYMES; MODELS; IRON; MECHANISMS; REACTIVITY AB The aqueous iron(IV) ion, (FeaqO2+)-O-IV, generated from O-3 and Fe-aq(2+), reacts rapidly with various oxygen atom acceptors (sulfoxides, a water-soluble triarylphosphine, and a thiolatocobalt complex). In each case, Fe-aq(IV) O2+ is reduced to Fe-aq(2+), and the substrate is oxidized to a product expected for oxygen atom transfer. Competition methods were used to determine the kinetics of these reactions, some of which have rate constants in excess of 10(7) M-1 s(-1). Oxidation of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has k = 1.26 x 10(5) M-1 s(-1) and shows no deuterium kinetic isotope effect, k(DMSO-d(6)) = 1.23 x 10(5) M-1 s(-1). The Fe-aq(IV) O2+/sulfoxide reaction is the product-forming step in a very efficient Fe-aq(2+)-catalyzed oxidation of sulfoxides by ozone. This catalytic cycle, combined with labeling experiments in (H2O)-O-18, was used to determine the rate constant for the oxo-group exchange between (FeaqO2+)-O-IV and solvent water under acidic conditions, k(exch) = 1.4 x 10(3) s(-1). C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Pestovsky, O (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM pvp@iastate.edu; bakac@ameslab.gov NR 30 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JAN 23 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 2 BP 814 EP 820 DI 10.1021/ic051868z PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 006NW UT WOS:000234905200049 PM 16411719 ER PT J AU Plestil, J Konak, C Hu, XS Lal, J AF Plestil, J Konak, C Hu, XS Lal, J TI Study of comicellization of diblock copolymers in a selective solvent SO MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE diblock copolymers; light scattering; mixed inicelles; small-angle neutron scattering ID SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON; BLOCK-COPOLYMER; LIGHT-SCATTERING; TRIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; MIXED MICELLES; SANS; NANOPARTICLES; DECANE; NMR; POLYSTYRENE-BLOCK-POLY(ETHYLENE-CO-PROPYLENE) AB The size, aggregation number and other quantities which characterize the formation of micelles in a bidisperse solution of block copolymers which are chemically identical but have different block asymmetries has been studied in a selective solvent using LS and SANS techniques. Experimental results for the comicellization of two chemically identical block copolymers (high molecular weight, PS-PI, and a low molecular weight dPS-PI with a deuterated PS block) and two slightly incompatible copolymers (high molecular weight PS-HPI. and dPS-PI) in decane, a selective solvent for PI, are reported. Individually, each of the PS-HPI and PS-PI copolymers formed micelles with a PS core, which were stable over the entire temperature range covered by the experiments (25-70 degrees C). The small copolymer, dPS-PI, formed micelles with a highly swollen core at low temperatures and was molecularly dispersed above the critical micelle temperature (47 degrees C). Comicellization was observed for both pairs of copolymers studied over a broad range of mixing ratios. The mixed micelles were comprised of large copolymer (PS-HPI) or PS-PI and a portion of the small copolymer (dPS-PI). The amount of adsorbed dPS-PI copolymer increased with increasing weight fraction of this copolymer and decreased with increasing temperature. The critical comicellization temperature was estimated as 70 and 60 degrees C for the comicelles based on PS-HPI and PS-PI copolymers, respectively. The SANS data suggest that the small copolymer does not form a shell coating the PS core of the initial micelle, but is instead incorporated into the core where it forms a layer of mixed dPS and PS chains. C1 Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Macromol Chem, CR-16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Plestil, J (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Macromol Chem, Heyrovsky Sq 2, CR-16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic. RI Plestil, Josef/H-6807-2014; Konak, Cestmir/H-7177-2014 NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1352 J9 MACROMOL CHEM PHYSIC JI Macromol. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 23 PY 2006 VL 207 IS 2 BP 231 EP 241 DI 10.1002/macp.200500438 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 012GP UT WOS:000235326600012 ER PT J AU Avrigeanu, V Chuvaev, SV Eichin, R Filatenkov, AA Forrest, RA Freiesleben, H Herman, M Koning, AJ Seidel, K AF Avrigeanu, V Chuvaev, SV Eichin, R Filatenkov, AA Forrest, RA Freiesleben, H Herman, M Koning, AJ Seidel, K TI Pre-equilibrium reactions on the stable tungsten isotopes at low energy SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE nuclear reactions W-180(n. 2n), W-182.183.184.186(n. p), (n. alpha), W-186(n.n 'alpha), (n, 2n), E=13.4-14.9 MeV; measured activation sigma; comparison with model predictions, previous results ID HOLE STATE DENSITIES; 2-COMPONENT EXCITON MODEL; CROSS-SECTIONS; NUCLEAR-REACTIONS; MULTISTEP COMPOUND; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; STATISTICAL-THEORY; LEVEL DENSITIES; DECAY MODELS; ISOMER AB Excitation functions were measured for the W-180(n, 2n) W-179m, W-182(n, P) Ta-182, W-182(n, P) Ta-182m2, W-182(n, alpha) Hf-179m2, W-183 (n, P) Ta-183, W-183 (n, alpha) Hf-180m, W-184(n, P) Ta-184, W-184 (n, alpha) Hf-181, W-186(n, P) Ta-186, W-186(n, alpha) Hf-183, W-186(n, n'alpha) Hf-182m, and W-186(n, 2n) W-185 reactions from 13.4 to 14.9 MeV. The data of these reactions that are dominant for neutron-induced activation in tungsten were in most cases either defective or incomplete. The experimental results are compared with the results of calculations including all activation channels for the stable W isotopes up to a neutron incident energy of 20 MeV, using two global- and one local-parameter approaches which take into account direct reaction, pre-equilibrium emission (PE), and compound nucleus contributions. The sensitivity of the calculated cross sections to various model approaches and parameters is derived and discussed also in connection with the deviation from unity of calculated-to-experimental activity ratios from benchmark experiments with natural W irradiated by D-T fusion neutrons. The particular importance of the charged-particle emission in this atomic-mass range for PE model validation is discussed and the need for additional data for incident energies above 15 MeV is demonstrated. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 EURATOM, MEdC Fus Assoc, Horia Hulubei Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Bucharest 76900, Romania. VG Khlopin Radium Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Nucl Res & Consultancy Grp NRG, NL-1755 ZG Petten, Netherlands. RP Avrigeanu, V (reprint author), EURATOM, MEdC Fus Assoc, Horia Hulubei Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, POB MG-6, Bucharest 76900, Romania. EM vavrig@ifin.nipne.ro RI Avrigeanu, Vlad/B-6061-2011 OI Avrigeanu, Vlad/0000-0002-5778-1376 NR 97 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JAN 23 PY 2006 VL 765 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.10.003 PG 28 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 004UJ UT WOS:000234777500001 ER PT J AU Del Sesto, RE Baker, GA Baker, SN Scott, BL Keizer, TS Burrell, AK McCleskey, TM AF Del Sesto, RE Baker, GA Baker, SN Scott, BL Keizer, TS Burrell, AK McCleskey, TM TI Formation of an unusual charge-transfer network from an ionic liquid SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SOLVATOCHROMIC PROBE BEHAVIOR; 1-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; SOLVATION DYNAMICS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; ROTATIONAL RELAXATION; TRANSFER COMPLEXES; METHYL VIOLOGEN; WATER; COUMARIN-153; SOLVENT AB An intriguing and novel charge-transfer complex between dimethyldihydrophenazine and diethylviologen has been crystallized from an ionic liquid at room temperature, resulting in an interesting stacking motif of interrupted D center dot center dot center dot A center dot center dot center dot D type triads: efficient formation of the complex is seen within an ionic liquid and acetone, with the complex absorbing strongly across nearly the entire visible-NIR spectral region. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McCleskey, TM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tmark@lanl.gov RI McCleskey, Thomas/J-4772-2012; Baker, Gary/H-9444-2016; Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017; OI Baker, Gary/0000-0002-3052-7730; Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396; Mccleskey, Thomas/0000-0003-3750-3245 NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PD JAN 21 PY 2006 IS 3 BP 272 EP 274 DI 10.1039/b513893k PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008IT UT WOS:000235034700024 PM 16391731 ER PT J AU Kolczewski, C Puttner, R Martins, M Schlachter, AS Snell, G Sant'Anna, MM Hermann, K Kaindl, G AF Kolczewski, C Puttner, R Martins, M Schlachter, AS Snell, G Sant'Anna, MM Hermann, K Kaindl, G TI Spectroscopic analysis of small organic molecules: A comprehensive near-edge X-ray-absorption fine-structure study of C-6-ring-containing molecules SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL OXIDES; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; CORE-EXCITATION; SUBSTITUTED BENZENES; CYCLIC HYDROCARBONS; SHELL EXCITATION; BUILDING-BLOCKS; MODEL COMPOUNDS; NEXAFS SPECTRA; RESONANT AUGER AB We report high-resolution C 1s near-edge x-ray-absorption fine-structure (NEXAFS) spectra of the C-6-ring-containing molecules benzene (C6H6), 1,3- and 1,4-cyclohexadiene (C6H8), cyclohexene (C6H10), cyclohexane (C6H12), styrene (C8H8), and ethylbenzene (C8H10) which allow us to examine the gradual development of delocalization of the corresponding pi electron systems. Due to the high experimental resolution, vibrational progressions can be partly resolved in the spectra. The experimental spectra are compared with theoretical NEXAFS spectra obtained from density-functional theory calculations where electronic final-state relaxation is accounted for. The comparison yields very good agreement between theoretical spectra and experimental results. In all cases, the spectra can be described by excitations to pi(*)- and sigma(*)-type final-state orbitals with valence character, while final-state orbitals of Rydberg character make only minor contributions. The lowest C 1s -> 1 pi(*) excitation energy is found to agree in the (experimental and theoretical) spectra of all molecules except for 1,3-cyclohexadiene (C6H8) where an energy smaller by about 0.6 eV is obtained. The theoretical analysis can explain this result by different binding properties of this molecule compared to the others. C1 Max Planck Gesell, Fritz Haber Inst, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Free Univ Berlin, Inst Expt Phys, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP Kolczewski, C (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. EM kolczew@fhi-berlin.mpg.de RI Sant'Anna, Marcelo/B-9355-2013 OI Sant'Anna, Marcelo/0000-0001-5342-5799 NR 50 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 21 PY 2006 VL 124 IS 3 AR 034302 DI 10.1063/1.2139674 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 004MR UT WOS:000234757400019 PM 16438578 ER PT J AU Rintelman, JM Gordon, MS Fletcher, GD Ivanic, J AF Rintelman, JM Gordon, MS Fletcher, GD Ivanic, J TI A systematic multireference perturbation-theory study of the low-lying states of SiC3 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; FIELD REFERENCE FUNCTIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; RHOMBOIDAL SIC3; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; ENERGIES; CLUSTERS; ANIONS; IDENTIFICATION AB The three known lowest-energy isomers of SiC3, two cyclic singlets (2s and 3s) and a linear triplet (1t), have been reinvestigated using multireference second-order perturbation theory (MRPT2). The dependence of the relative energies of the isomers upon the quality of the basis sets and the sizes of the reference active spaces is explored. When using a complete-active-space self-consistent-field reference wave function with 12 electrons in 11 orbitals [CASSCF (12, 11)] together with basis sets that increase in size up to the correlation-consistent polarized core-valence quadruple zeta basis set (cc-pCVQZ), the MRPT2 method consistently predicts the linear triplet to be the most stable isomer. A new parallel direct determinant MRPT2 code has been used to systematically explore reference spaces that vary in size from CASSCF (8,8) to full optimized reaction space [FORS or CASSCF (16,16)] with the cc-pCVQZ basis. It is found that the relative energies of the isomers change substantially as the active space is increased. At the best level of theory, MRPT2 with a full valence FORS reference, the 2s isomer is predicted to be more stable than 3s and 1t by 4.7 and 2.2 kcal/mol, respectively. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Eloret Corp, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. NCI, Adv Biomed Comp Ctr, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Rintelman, JM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jivanic@ncifcrf.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-12400] NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 21 PY 2006 VL 124 IS 3 AR 034303 DI 10.1063/1.2140687 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 004MR UT WOS:000234757400020 PM 16438579 ER PT J AU Shu, JN Wilson, KR Ahmed, M Leone, SR Graf, C Ruhl, E AF Shu, JN Wilson, KR Ahmed, M Leone, SR Graf, C Ruhl, E TI Elastic light scattering from nanoparticles by monochromatic vacuum-ultraviolet radiation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SMALL METAL PARTICLES; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; MIE SCATTERING; ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; SILICA SPHERES; SIZE-RANGE; ABSORPTION; CLUSTERS; EXTINCTION; RESOLUTION AB Elastic light scattering is reported using monochromatic vacuum-ultraviolet radiation to study free, spherical silica nanoparticles prepared by approaches from colloidal chemistry, with diameters between 100 and 240 nm. The colloidal nanoparticles of defined size are transferred from an aqueous solution into the gas phase using a particle beam experiment. After focusing of the particle beam by an aerodynamic lens, the scattered light from monochromatic synchrotron radiation is measured. Angle-resolved elastically scattered light is detected, showing a strong forward-scattering component. Additional evidence for the detection of elastically scattered light comes from plotting the scattered light intensity as a function of the dimensionless parameter qR, where q is the magnitude of the scattering wave vector and R is the particle radius. This yields different power-law regimes that are assigned to scattering from the surface and the bulk of the nanoparticles. Furthermore, there is evidence for modulations in the scattered light intensity as a function of scattering angle, which is clearly distinguished from the forward-scattering component. The experimental results are compared to Mie scattering simulations for isolated particles, yielding general agreement with the experimental results. Deviations from Mie simulations are observed for samples consisting of significant amounts of aggregates. The present results indicate that the optical properties of free nanoparticles are sensitively probed by vacuum-ultraviolet radiation. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Wurzburg, Inst Chem Phys, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shu, JN (reprint author), Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, POB 2871, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. EM eruehl@phys-chemie.uni-wuerzburg.de RI Ahmed, Musahid/A-8733-2009 NR 41 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 21 PY 2006 VL 124 IS 3 AR 034707 DI 10.1063/1.2159485 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 004MR UT WOS:000234757400041 PM 16438600 ER PT J AU Andrews, E Sheridan, PJ Fiebig, M McComiskey, A Ogren, JA Arnott, P Covert, D Elleman, R Gasparini, R Collins, D Jonsson, H Schmid, B Wang, J AF Andrews, E Sheridan, PJ Fiebig, M McComiskey, A Ogren, JA Arnott, P Covert, D Elleman, R Gasparini, R Collins, D Jonsson, H Schmid, B Wang, J TI `Comparison of methods for deriving aerosol asymmetry parameter SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; INTEGRATING NEPHELOMETER; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; BACKSCATTER RATIO; PHASE FUNCTION; PARTICLE-SIZE; ACE-ASIA; VARIABILITY AB Values for Mie-equivalent aerosol asymmetry parameter (g) were derived using a variety of methods from the large suite of measurements (in situ and remote from surface and aircraft) made in Oklahoma during the 2003 aerosol Intensive Operations Period (IOP). Median values derived for dry asymmetry parameter at 550 nm ranged between 0.55 and 0.63 over all instruments and for all derivation methods, with the exception of one instrument which did not measure over the full size range of optically important aerosol. Median values for the "wet" asymmetry parameter (i.e., asymmetry parameter at humidity conditions closer to ambient) were between 0.59 and 0.72. Values for g derived for surface and airborne in situ measurements were highly correlated, but in situ and remote sensing measurements both at the surface and aloft did not agree as well because of vertical inhomogeneity of the aerosol. Radiative forcing calculations suggest that a 10% decrease in g would result in a 19% reduction in top of atmosphere radiative forcing for the conditions observed during the IOP. Comparison of the different methods for deriving g suggests that in computing the asymmetry parameter, aerosol size is the most important parameter to measure; composition is less important except for how it influences the hygroscopic growth (i.e., size) of particles. C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, D-82234 Wessling, Germany. Source Environm Sci Inc, Houston, TX 77027 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft S, Marina, CA 93933 USA. NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA 95476 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Andrews, E (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM betsy.andrews@noaa.gov; markus.fiebig@dlr.de; enviroberto@yahoo.com RI Collins, Don/F-9617-2012; Fiebig, Markus/I-4872-2012; McComiskey, Allison/I-3933-2013; Wang, Jian/G-9344-2011; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015 OI Fiebig, Markus/0000-0002-3380-3470; McComiskey, Allison/0000-0002-6125-742X; Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583 NR 49 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 21 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D5 AR D05S04 DI 10.1029/2004JD005734 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 007VS UT WOS:000234999600001 ER PT J AU Zhang, HZ Chen, B Gilbert, B Banfield, JF AF Zhang, HZ Chen, B Gilbert, B Banfield, JF TI Kinetically controlled formation of a novel nanoparticulate ZnS with mixed cubic and hexagonal stacking SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ZINC-SULFIDE NANOCRYSTALLITES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; WURTZITE ZNS; HOMOGENEOUS SOLUTIONS; PARTICLES; CDS; PRECIPITATION; SPHALERITE; CRYSTALS; THIOACETAMIDE AB Nanoparticulate ZnS with mixed cubic and hexagonal close packed stacking was synthesized by reaction of zinc acetate with thioacetamide in weakly acidic solutions. The influences of temperature, reaction time, amounts of reagents and solution pH on the nanoparticle size and phase constitution were investigated. Experimental results suggest that the stacking in the nano-ZnS is controlled primarily by the precipitation kinetics. Factors that slow the precipitation rate favor the growth of nanoparticles with mixed stacking, probably because the probabilities of forming wurtzite-like layers and sphalerite-like layers under these conditions are approximately equal. Under conditions of rapid precipitation, the growth of sphalerite is favored, probably due to the aggregation of molecular clusters with sphalerite-like structure. UV-vis spectroscopy reveals that twins and stacking faults in nano-ZnS result in an electronic structure that differs from those of nano-scale sphalerite and wurtzite. New vibrational modes present in IR spectra of the nano-ZnS with mixed stacking indicate that the materials have novel optical properties. Control of defect microstructure may allow use of nano-ZnS in new technological applications. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, HZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM heng@eps.berkeley.edu RI Gilbert, Benjamin/E-3182-2010 NR 41 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 32 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PD JAN 21 PY 2006 VL 16 IS 3 BP 249 EP 254 DI 10.1039/b512580d PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 006HD UT WOS:000234887700013 ER PT J AU Qian, J Joshi, RP Schamiloglu, E Gaudet, J Woodworth, JR Lehr, J AF Qian, J Joshi, RP Schamiloglu, E Gaudet, J Woodworth, JR Lehr, J TI Analysis of polarity effects in the electrical breakdown of liquids SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FLUX-CORRECTED TRANSPORT; HIGH-FIELD CONDUCTION; DIELECTRIC LIQUIDS; CLUSTER EMISSION; WATER SWITCHES; STREAMERS; PROPAGATION; ALGORITHMS; PLATINUM; NITROGEN AB Electrical breakdown simulations are carried out for liquids in response to a sub-microsecond (similar to 100-200 ns) voltage pulse. This model builds on our previous analysis and focuses particularly on the polarity effect seen experimentally in point-plane geometries. The flux-corrected transport approach is used for the numerical implementation. Our model adequately explains experimental observations of pre-breakdown current fluctuations, streamer propagation and branching as well as disparities in hold-off voltage and breakdown initiation times between the anode and cathode polarities. It is demonstrated that polarity effects basically arise from the large mobility difference between electrons and ions. The higher electron mobility leads to greater charge smearing and diffusion that impacts the local electric field distributions. Non-linear couplings between the number density, electric field and charge generation rates then collectively affect the formation of ionized channels and their temporal dynamics. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM rjoshi@odu.edu NR 45 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 EI 1361-6463 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD JAN 21 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 2 BP 359 EP 369 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/39/2/018 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 012GV UT WOS:000235327200019 ER PT J AU De Pasquale, M Beardmore, AP Barthelmy, SD Boyd, P Burrows, DN Fink, R Gehrels, N Kobayashi, S Mason, KO McNought, R Nousek, JA Page, KL Palmer, DM Peterson, BA Price, PA Rich, J Roming, P Rosen, SR Sakamoto, T Schmidt, BP Tueller, J Wells, AA Zane, S Zhang, B Ziaeepour, H AF De Pasquale, M Beardmore, AP Barthelmy, SD Boyd, P Burrows, DN Fink, R Gehrels, N Kobayashi, S Mason, KO McNought, R Nousek, JA Page, KL Palmer, DM Peterson, BA Price, PA Rich, J Roming, P Rosen, SR Sakamoto, T Schmidt, BP Tueller, J Wells, AA Zane, S Zhang, B Ziaeepour, H TI Swift and optical observations of GRB 050401 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ISM : dust, extinction; gamma-rays : bursts ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; TIME-DEPENDENT PHOTOIONIZATION; CONTINUOUS ENERGY INJECTION; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; MOLECULAR CLOUD; LIGHT CURVES; DUSTY MEDIUM; AFTERGLOWS; EMISSION; DESTRUCTION AB We present the results of the analysis of gamma-ray and X-ray data of GRB 050401 taken with the Swift satellite, together with a series of ground-based follow-up optical observations. The Swift X-ray light curve shows a clear break at about 4900 s after the gamma-ray burst (GRB). The decay indices before and after the break are consistent with a scenario of continuous injection of radiation from the 'central engine' of the GRB to the fireball. Alternatively, this behaviour could result if ejecta are released with a range of Lorentz factors, with the slower shells catching up the faster at the afterglow shock position. The two scenarios are observationally indistinguishable. The GRB 050401 afterglow is quite bright in the X-ray band, but weak in the optical, with an optical to X-ray flux ratio similar to those of 'dark bursts'. We detect a significant amount of absorption in the X-ray spectrum, with N-H= (1.7 +/- 0.2) x 10(22) cm(-2) at a redshift of z= 2.9, which is typical of a dense circumburst medium. Such high column density implies an unrealistic optical extinction of 30 mag if we adopt a Galactic extinction law, which would not be consistent with the optical detection of the afterglow. This suggests that the extinction law is different from the Galactic one. C1 UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Univ Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Ctr Gravitat Wave Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Labs, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. EM mdp@mssl.ucl.ac.uk RI Boyd, Patricia/D-3274-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Tueller, Jack/D-5334-2012; Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Schmidt, Brian/0000-0001-6589-1287; Schmidt, Brian/0000-0002-8538-9195 NR 65 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN 21 PY 2006 VL 365 IS 3 BP 1031 EP 1038 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09787.x PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 005VV UT WOS:000234853600030 ER PT J AU Khelashvili, G Brankov, JG Chapman, D Anastasio, MA Yang, YY Zhong, Z Wernick, MN AF Khelashvili, G Brankov, JG Chapman, D Anastasio, MA Yang, YY Zhong, Z Wernick, MN TI A physical model of multiple-image radiography SO PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB We recently proposed a phase-sensitive x-ray imaging method called multiple-image radiography (MIR), which is an improvement on the diffraction-enhanced imaging technique. MIR simultaneously produces three images, depicting separately the effects of absorption, refraction and ultra-small-angle scattering of x-rays, and all three MIR images are virtually immune to degradation caused by scattering at higher angles. Although good results have been obtained using MIR, no quantitative model of the imaging process has yet been developed. In this paper, we present a theoretical prediction of the MIR image values in terms of fundamental physical properties of the object being imaged. We use radiative transport theory to model the beam propagation, and we model the object as a stratified medium containing discrete scattering particles. An important finding of our analysis is that the image values in all three MIR images are line integrals of various object parameters, which is an essential property for computed tomography to be achieved with conventional reconstruction methods. Our analysis also shows that MIR truly separates the effects of absorption, refraction and ultra-small-angle scattering for the case considered. We validate our analytical model using real and simulated imaging data. C1 IIT, Dept Biol Chem & Phys Sci, Ctr Synchrotron Radiat Res & Instrumentat, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. IIT, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Coll Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada. IIT, Dept Biomed Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Khelashvili, G (reprint author), IIT, Dept Biol Chem & Phys Sci, Ctr Synchrotron Radiat Res & Instrumentat, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM brankov@iit.edu RI Brankov, Jovan/H-2242-2013; Wernick, Miles/J-8394-2013; Chapman, Dean/I-6168-2013 OI Wernick, Miles/0000-0001-6736-478X; Chapman, Dean/0000-0001-6590-4156 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA111976]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR48292] NR 12 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-9155 J9 PHYS MED BIOL JI Phys. Med. Biol. PD JAN 21 PY 2006 VL 51 IS 2 BP 221 EP 236 DI 10.1088/0031-9155/51/2/003 PG 16 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 008LA UT WOS:000235041000003 PM 16394335 ER PT J AU Chin, SY Chin, YH Amiridis, MD AF Chin, SY Chin, YH Amiridis, MD TI Hydrogen production via the catalytic cracking of ethane over Ni/SiO2 catalysts SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL LA English DT Article DE ethane cracking; hydrogen production; Ni/SiO2; carbon filaments ID FUEL-CELLS; NICKEL-CATALYSTS; NATURAL-GAS; METHANE; DECOMPOSITION; CARBON; REGENERATION; ALKANES; METALS AB The catalytic decomposition ("cracking") of ethane was studied over a Ni/SiO2 catalyst at temperatures ranging between 450 and 650 degrees C. In addition to hydrogen and filamentous carbon, methane is also formed during this process as a by-product. SEM images of the spent catalyst indicate the formation of carbon filaments of approximately 50 nm in diameter, almost identical to the original Ni particle size in the fresh catalyst. Measurements conducted at different temperatures and space velocities suggest that hydrogen is the primary product, while methane is formed in a secondary step, presumably the hydrogenation of surface carbon or CH, fragments. Almost complete initial conversion of ethane is observed at a space velocity of 18 000 mL/g It at temperatures above 500 degrees C. Although the initial yield of hydrogen increases with temperature, the rate of catalyst deactivation also increases at higher temperatures. As a result, the overall amounts of hydrogen produced and ethane converted over the lifetime of the catalyst reach maxima at 500 degrees C. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Amiridis, MD (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM amiridis@engr.sc.edu NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-860X J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen. PD JAN 20 PY 2006 VL 300 IS 1 BP 8 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.apcata.2005.10.031 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 004XI UT WOS:000234785600002 ER PT J AU Xu, YZ Kronberg, PP Habib, S Dufton, QW AF Xu, YZ Kronberg, PP Habib, S Dufton, QW TI A Faraday rotation search for magnetic fields in large-scale structure SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE intergalactic medium; magnetic fields; plasmas; polarization; radio continuum : galaxies; large-scale structure of universe ID GIANT RADIO GALAXIES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; MULTIFREQUENCY OBSERVATIONS; COMA CLUSTER; BLACK-HOLES; ACCELERATION; GENERATION; EMISSION; QUASARS AB Faraday rotation of radio source polarization provides a measure of the integrated magnetic field along the observational lines of sight. We compare a large new sample of Faraday rotation measures (RMs) of polarized extragalactic sources with galaxy counts in Hercules and Perseus-Pisces, two nearby superclusters. We find that the average of RMs in these two supercluster areas are larger than in control areas in the same Galactic latitude range. This is the first RM detection of magnetic fields that pervade a supercluster volume, in which the fields are at least partially coherent over several megaparsecs. Even the most conservative interpretation of our observations, according to which Milky Way RM variations mimic the background supercluster galaxy overdensities, puts constraints on the IGM magnetoionic "strength'' in these two superclusters. We obtain an approximate typical upper limit on the field strength of similar to 0.3 mu G l/(500 kpc) when we combine our RM data with fiducial estimates of electron density from the environments of giant radio galaxies, and of the warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Xu, YZ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM xuyz@lanl.gov; kronberg@lanl.gov; habib@lanl.gov; dufton@lanl.gov NR 43 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2006 VL 637 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1086/498336 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 009RT UT WOS:000235130800003 ER PT J AU Frohlich, C Hauser, P Liebendorfer, M Martinez-Pinedo, G Thielemann, FK Bravo, E Zinner, NT Hix, WR Langanke, K Mezzacappa, A Nomoto, K AF Frohlich, C Hauser, P Liebendorfer, M Martinez-Pinedo, G Thielemann, FK Bravo, E Zinner, NT Hix, WR Langanke, K Mezzacappa, A Nomoto, K TI Composition of the innermost core-collapse supernova ejecta SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE supernovae : general ID NEUTRINO-DRIVEN WINDS; METAL-POOR STARS; R-PROCESS NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; INTERMEDIATE-MASS NUCLEI; WEAK INTERACTION RATES; II SUPERNOVAE; EXPLOSIVE NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; EARLY GALAXY; COSMIC-RAYS; RATE TABLES AB With currently known input physics and computer simulations in one dimension, a self-consistent treatment of core-collapse supernovae does not yet lead to successful explosions, while two-dimensional models show some promise. Thus, there are strong indications that the delayed neutrino mechanism works combined with a multidimensional convection treatment for unstable layers ( possibly with the aid of rotation, magnetic fields and/or still existent uncertainties in neutrino opacities). On the other hand, there is a need to provide correct nucleosynthesis abundances for the progressing field of galactic evolution and observations of low-metallicity stars. The innermost ejecta is directly affected by the explosionmechanism, i.e., most strongly, the yields of Fe group nuclei for which an induced piston or thermal bomb treatment will not provide the correct yields because the effect of neutrino interactions is not included. We apply parameterized variations to the neutrino-scattering cross sections in order to mimic in one dimension the possible increase of neutrino luminosities caused by uncertainties in proto-neutron star convection. Alternatively, parameterized variations are applied to the neutrino absorption cross sections on nucleons in the "gain region'' to mimic the increase in neutrino energy deposition enabled by convective turnover. We find that both measures lead to similar results, causing explosions and a Y-e > 0.5 in the innermost ejected layers, due to the combined effect of a short weak-interaction timescale and a negligible electron degeneracy, unveiling the proton-neutron mass difference. We include all weak interactions ( electron and positron capture, beta-decay, neutrino and antineutrino capture on nuclei, and neutrino and antineutrino capture on nucleons) and present first nucleosynthesis results for these innermost ejected layers to discuss how they improve predictions for Fe group nuclei. The protonrich environment results in enhanced abundances of Sc-45, Ti-49, and Zn-64 as required by chemical evolution studies and observations of low-metallicity stars, as well as appreciable production of nuclei in the mass range up to A = 80. C1 Univ Basel, Dept Phys & Astron, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Politecn Cataluna, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. Aarhus Univ, Inst Phys & Astron, Aarhus, Denmark. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RP Univ Basel, Dept Phys & Astron, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. RI Hix, William/E-7896-2011; Bravo, Eduardo/B-1790-2008; Frohlich, Carla/C-4841-2012; Nomoto, Ken'ichi/A-4393-2011; Martinez-Pinedo, Gabriel/A-1915-2013; Mezzacappa, Anthony/B-3163-2017; OI Hix, William/0000-0002-9481-9126; Martinez-Pinedo, Gabriel/0000-0002-3825-0131; Mezzacappa, Anthony/0000-0001-9816-9741; Bravo, Eduardo/0000-0003-0894-6450 NR 88 TC 127 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2006 VL 637 IS 1 BP 415 EP 426 DI 10.1086/498224 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 009RT UT WOS:000235130800036 ER PT J AU Lin, PT Baker, TJ Martinelli, L Jameson, A AF Lin, PT Baker, TJ Martinelli, L Jameson, A TI Two-dimensional implicit time-dependent calculations on adaptive unstructured meshes with time evolving boundaries SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE solution adaptation; moving boundaries; unstructured mesh; artificial compressibility; tirne-dependent calculation ID REYNOLDS NUMBER RELATIONSHIP; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; DELAUNAY TRIANGULATION; TRANSIENT PROBLEMS; GENERATION; CYLINDER; SCHEME; FLOW; COMPUTATION; REFINEMENT AB An implicit multigrid-driven algorithm for two-dimensional incompressible laminar viscous flows has been coupled with a solution adaptation method and a mesh movement method for boundary movernent. Time-dependent calculations are performed implicitly by regarding each time stop as a steady-state problem in pseudo-time. The method of artificial compressibility is used to solve the flow equations. The solution mesh adaptation method performs local mesh refinement using an incremental Delaunay algorithm and mesh coarsening by means of edge collapse. Mesh movement is achieved by modeling the computational domain as an elastic solid and solving the equilibrium equations for the stress field. The solution adaptation method has been validated by comparison with experimental results and other computational results for low Reynolds number flow over a shedding circular cylinder. Preliminary validation of the mesh movement method has been demonstrated by a comparison with experimental results of an oscillating airfoil and with computational results for an oscillating cylinder. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Lin, PT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800 MS 0316, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ptlin@sandia.gov NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0271-2091 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD JAN 20 PY 2006 VL 50 IS 2 BP 199 EP 218 DI 10.1002/fld.1050 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 000EE UT WOS:000234442900004 ER PT J AU Gritti, F Guiochon, G AF Gritti, F Guiochon, G TI A chromatographic estimate of the degree of heterogeneity of RPLC packing materials 1. Non-endcapped polymeric C-30-bonded stationary phase SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE column reproducibility; monolithic column; adsorption isotherm; band profiles; frontal analysis; isotherm modeling; affinity energy distribution; multi-Langmuir isotherm; phenol; caffeine ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SURFACE HETEROGENEITY; OVERLOADING BEHAVIOR; C-18-BONDED SILICA; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; IONIC-STRENGTH; RETENTION; HPLC; BAND; INTERPHASES AB A new chromatographic method estimating the degree of heterogeneity of RPLC packing materials is based on the results of systematic measurements of the adsorption data in a wide concentration range for selected probe compounds. These data are acquired by frontal analysis (FA), modeled, and used for the calculation of the adsorption energy distribution (AED). Four compounds were used, two neutral compounds of different molecular sizes (caffeine and phenol) and two ionizable compounds of opposite charges. 2-naplithalene sulfonate. an anion. and propranololium, a cation. This work was done on a C-30-bonded silica stationary phase (Prontosil-C-30), using the same aqueous mobile phase (30% methanol, v/v) for all compounds, except that sodium chloride (25 mM) was added to elute the ionizable compounds. All four adsorption isotherms have Langmuirian behavior. The AEDs are tri-modal for phenol, quadri-modal for caffeine. The total saturation capacity of the stationary phase is four-fold lower for caffeine than for phenol, due in part to its larger molecular size. The equilibrium constants on the low-energy sites of types I and 2 are eight-fold larger. These two types of sites characterize the heterogeneity of the bonded layer itself. The density of the high-energy sites of types 3 and 4 is higher for caffeine, suggesting that caffeine molecules can be accommodated in some hydrophobic cages into which smaller molecules like phenol cannot. These high-energy types of sites characterize the heterogeneity of the whole stationary phase (silica support included). The ionizable compounds have larger molecules than the neutral ones and, accordingly, a lower relative density of sites of type 2 to sites of type 1. A tri-modal and a quadri-modal energy distributions were observed for the 2-naphthalene sulfonate anion and the propranololium cation, respectively. The fourth types of sites measured and its unusually high equilibrium constant are most probably due to ion-exchange interactions between the non-endcapped ionized silanols and the propranololium ion. No such strong interactions are observed with the anionic compound. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JAN 20 PY 2006 VL 1103 IS 1 BP 43 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.10.010 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 003OS UT WOS:000234692100007 PM 16337638 ER PT J AU Gritti, F Guiochon, G AF Gritti, F Guiochon, G TI A chromatographic estimate of the degree of surface heterogeneity of reversed-phase liquid chromatography packing materials II-Endcapped monomeric C-18-bonded stationary phase SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE liquid chromatography; C-30 stationary phases; column heterogeneity; chromatographic test; adsorption isotherm; frontal analysis; isotherm modeling; affinity energy distribution; multi-Langmuir isotherm; phenol; caffeine; sodium naphthalene sulfonate; propranololium chloride ID BAND; SILICA; ELUTION; PROPAGATION; SIMULATION; RETENTION; BEHAVIOR AB In a previous report, the heterogeneity of a non-endcapped C-30-bonded stationary phase was investigated, based on the results of the measurements of the adsorption isotherms of two neutral compounds (phenol and caffeine) and two ionizable compounds (sodium naphthalene sulfonate and propranololium chloride) by frontal analysis (FA). The same method is applied here for the characterization of the surface heterogeneity of two new brands of endcapped C-18-bonded stationary phases (Gemini and Sunfire). The adsorption isotherms of the same four chemicals were measured by FA and the results confirmed by the independent calculation of the adsorption energy distribution (AED), using the expectation-maximization (EM) method. The effect of the length of the bonded alkyl chain was investigated. Shorter alkyl-bonded-chains (C-18 versus C-30) and the endcapping of the silica surface contribute to decrease the surface heterogeneity under the same experimental conditions (30% methanol, 25 mM NaCl). The AEDs of phenol and caffeine are bimodal with the C-18-bonded columns while they are trimodal and quadrimodal, respectively, with a non-endcapped C-30-bonded column. The "supersites" (adsorption energy > 20 kJ/mol) found on the C-30-Prontosil column and attributed to a cation exchange mechanism completely disappear on the C-18-Gemini and C-18-Sunfire, probably because the end-capping of the silica surface eliminates most if not all the ionic interactions. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JAN 20 PY 2006 VL 1103 IS 1 BP 57 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.10.051 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 003OS UT WOS:000234692100008 PM 16289559 ER PT J AU Gritti, F Guiochon, G AF Gritti, F Guiochon, G TI A chromatographic estimate of the degree of surface heterogeneity of RPLC packing materials III. Endcapped amido-embedded reversed phase SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE liquid chromatography; column heterogeneity; adsorption energy distribution; chromatographic test; adsorption isotherm; frontal analysis; C-18-bonded phase; polar embedded RP phase; multi-Langmuir isotherm; phenol; caffeine; sodium naphthalene sulfonate; propranololium chloride ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ISOTHERM PARAMETERS; C-18-BONDED SILICA; HOMOLOGOUS SERIES; STATIONARY PHASES; RETENTION; MECHANISM; COLUMNS AB The difference in adsorption behavior between a conventional monomeric endcapped C-18 stationary phase (3.43 mu mol/m(2)) and an endcapped polymeric RP-Amide phase (3.31 mu mol/m(2)) was investigated. The adsorption isotherms of four compounds (phenol, caffeine. sodium 2-naphthalene sulfonate, and propranololium chloride) were measured by frontal analysis (FA) and the degree of heterogeneity of each phase for each solute was characterized by their adsorption energy distributions (AED), derived using the Expectation-Maximization method. The results show that only certain analytes (phenol and 2-naphthalene sulfonate) are sensitive to the presence of the polar embedded amide groups within the RP phase. Their binding constants on the amide-bonded phase are significantly higher than on conventional RPLC phases. Furthermore. an additional type of adsorption sites was observed for these two compounds. However, these sites having a low density, their presence does not affect much the retention factors of the two analytes. On the other hand, the adsorption behavior of the other two analytes (caffeine and propranololium chloride) is almost unaffected by the presence of the amide group in the bonded layer. Strong selective interactions may explain these observations. For example, hydrogen-bond interactions between an analyte (e.g., phenol or naphthalene sulfonate) and the carbonyl group (acceptor) or the nitrogen (donor) of the amido-embedded group may take place. No such interactions may take place with either caffeine or the cation propranololium chloride. This study confirms the hypothesis that analytes have ready access to locations deep inside the bonded layer. where the amide groups are present. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JAN 20 PY 2006 VL 1103 IS 1 BP 69 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.11.089 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 003OS UT WOS:000234692100009 PM 16359691 ER PT J AU Loubere, RL Staley, M Wendroff, B AF Loubere, RL Staley, M Wendroff, B TI The repair paradigm: New algorithms and applications to compressible flow SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE repair; mass redistribution; conservative reconstruction; remapping; advection; hydrodynamics ID CONSERVATION-LAWS AB The repair paradigm leads to several algorithms for redistributing mass, momentum and energy, while adhering to local maximum principles, as an adjunct to the remapping step in certain compressible flow codes that use remapping, such as Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian codes, or for just redistributing mass in advection codes. In the case of advection of a concentration, repair keeps the newly computed concentration in a cell between the maximum and minimum concentrations in neighboring old cells, thus guaranteeing at least that the new concentration is between zero and one. For compressible flow, density, velocity and internal energy are similarly constrained while maintaining conservation of mass, momentum and total energy. In this way, positive density and internal energy are achieved as a side effect. We propose a new algorithm, combining both local and global repair, that maintains causality and is efficient in a parallel computational setting. The local/global algorithm is independent of the order in which the distribution is performed, and it maintains 1D symmetry. This is applied to advection in two dimensions, and to, among others, the LeBlanc problem, the Sedov problem, and an interacting 2D blast wave problem. The latter is done with a Lagrangian code for which rezoning, remapping and repair are essential. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Loubere, RL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-7,MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM loubere@lanl.gov; mstaley@lanl.gov; bbw@lanl.gov NR 7 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JAN 20 PY 2006 VL 211 IS 2 BP 385 EP 404 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2005.05.010 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 976ME UT WOS:000232736800001 ER PT J AU Lipnikov, K Shashkov, M Svyatskiy, D AF Lipnikov, K Shashkov, M Svyatskiy, D TI The mimetic finite difference discretization of diffusion problem on unstructured polyhedral meshes SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID APPROXIMATIONS; GRIDS AB We study the mimetic finite difference discretization of diffusion-type problems on unstructured polyhedral meshes. We demonstrate high accuracy of the approximate solutions for general diffusion tensors, the second-order convergence rate for the scalar unknown and the first order convergence rate for the vector unknown on smooth or slightly distorted meshes, on non-matching meshes, and even on meshes with irregular-shaped polyhedra with flat faces. We show that in general the meshes with non-flat faces require more than one flux unknown per mesh face to get optimal convergence rates. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Math, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lipnikov, K (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Math, 651 PGH, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM lipnikov@lanl.gov; shashkov@lanl.gov; dasvyat@math.uh.edu NR 18 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JAN 20 PY 2006 VL 211 IS 2 BP 473 EP 491 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2005.05.028 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 976ME UT WOS:000232736800005 ER PT J AU Schwartz, P Barad, M Colella, P Ligocki, T AF Schwartz, P Barad, M Colella, P Ligocki, T TI A Cartesian grid embedded boundary method for the heat equation and Poisson's equation in three dimensions SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Poisson equation; heat equation; multigrid methods ID COMPLEX GEOMETRIES; IRREGULAR DOMAINS; DISCRETIZATION; ALGORITHM AB We present an algorithm for solving Poisson's equation and the heat equation on irregular domains in three dimensions. Our work uses the Cartesian grid embedded boundary algorithm for 2D problems of Johansen and Colella [A Cartesian grid embedded boundary method for Poisson's equation on irregular domains, J. Comput. Phys. 147(2) (1998) 60-85] and extends work of McCorquodale, Colella and Johansen [A Cartesian grid embedded boundary method for the heat equation on irregular domains, J. Comput. Phys. 173 (2001) 620-635]. Our method is based on a finite-volume discretization of the operator, on the control volumes formed by intersecting the Cartesian grid cells with the domain, combined with a second-order accurate discretization of the fluxes. The resulting method provides uniformly second-order accurate solutions and gradients and is amenable to geometric multigrid solvers. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, CRD, Appl Numer Algorithms Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Schwartz, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, CRD, Appl Numer Algorithms Grp, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mailstop 50-A 1148, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM poschwartz@lbl.gov NR 18 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JAN 20 PY 2006 VL 211 IS 2 BP 531 EP 550 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2005.06.0 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 976ME UT WOS:000232736800008 ER PT J AU Dawson, S Jackson, CB Reina, L Wackeroth, D AF Dawson, S Jackson, CB Reina, L Wackeroth, D TI Higgs production in association with bottom quarks at Hadron colliders SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Review DE Higgs bosons; quantum chromodynamics; bottom quarks; spontaneous symmetry breaking; supersymmetry; proton-proton inclusive interactions ID BOSON PRODUCTION; QCD CORRECTIONS; STANDARD MODEL; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; PROTON COLLIDERS; HEAVY-QUARK; NNLO QCD; PHENOMENOLOGY; COLLISIONS; SCATTERING AB We review the present status of the QCD corrected cross-sections and kinematic distributions for the production of a Higgs boson in association with bottom quarks at the Fermilab Tevatron and CERN Large Hadron Collider. Results are presented for the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model where, for large tan beta, these production modes can be greatly enhanced compared to the Standard Model case. The next-to-leading order QCD results are much less sensitive to the renormalization and factorization scales than the lowest order results, but have a significant dependence on the choice of the renormalization scheme for the bottom quark Yukawa coupling. We also investigate the uncertainties coming from the Parton Distribution Functions and find that these uncertainties can be comparable to the uncertainties from the remaining scale dependence of the next-to-leading order results. We present results separately for the different final states depending on the number of bottom quarks identified. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Dawson, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM dawson@bnl.gov; jackson@quark.phy.bnl.gov; reina@hep.fsu.edu; dow@ubpheno.physics.buffalo.edu NR 51 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-7323 J9 MOD PHYS LETT A JI Mod. Phys. Lett. A PD JAN 20 PY 2006 VL 21 IS 2 BP 89 EP 109 DI 10.1142/S0217732306019256 PG 21 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 018CK UT WOS:000235741100001 ER PT J AU Auer, AA Baumgartner, G Bernholdt, DE Bibireata, A Choppella, V Cociorva, D Gao, XY Harrison, R Krishnamoorthy, S Krishnan, S Lam, CC Lu, QD Nooijen, M Pitzer, R Ramanujam, J Sadayappan, P Sibiryakov, A AF Auer, AA Baumgartner, G Bernholdt, DE Bibireata, A Choppella, V Cociorva, D Gao, XY Harrison, R Krishnamoorthy, S Krishnan, S Lam, CC Lu, QD Nooijen, M Pitzer, R Ramanujam, J Sadayappan, P Sibiryakov, A TI Automatic code generation for many-body electronic structure methods: the tensor contraction engine SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COUPLED-CLUSTER METHOD; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION MODELS; HARTREE-FOCK THEORY; PERTURBATION-THEORY; EXCITED-STATES; MOLECULAR APPLICATIONS; EXCITATION-ENERGIES; QUANTUM-CHEMISTRY; PROGRAMMING-MODEL; DOUBLES MODEL AB As both electronic structure methods and the computers on which they are run become increasingly complex, the task of producing robust, reliable, high-performance implementations of methods at a rapid pace becomes increasingly daunting. In this paper we present an overview of the Tensor Contraction Engine ( TCE), a unique effort to address issues of both productivity and performance through automatic code generation. The TCE is designed to take equations for many-body methods in a convenient high-level form and acts like an optimizing compiler, producing an implementation tuned to the target computer system and even to the specific chemical problem of interest. We provide examples to illustrate the TCE approach, including the ability to target different parallel programming models, and the effects of particular optimizations. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Tech Univ Chemnitz, Fak Nat Wissensch, Inst Chem, D-09111 Chemnitz, Germany. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L BG1, Canada. Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Bernholdt, DE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM bernholdtde@ornl.gov RI Auer, Alexander/G-6836-2012 NR 96 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD JAN 20 PY 2006 VL 104 IS 2 BP 211 EP 228 DI 10.1080/00268970500275780 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 007WW UT WOS:000235003000002 ER PT J AU English, NJ AF English, NJ TI Molecular dynamics simulations of microwave effects on water using different long-range electrostatics methodologies SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXTERNAL ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; ZEOLITE-GUEST SYSTEMS; SIMPLE POINT-CHARGE; LIQUID WATER; SUMMATION; MODEL; TEMPERATURE; DIFFUSION AB Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics ( NEMD) simulations of water have been carried out in the presence of an external electromagnetic field of frequency 100GHz and RMS intensity 0.1 V/angstrom in the isothermal-isobaric ensemble from 260 to 400K and in the pure Newtonian case from ambient temperatures to the supercritical state. The rigid, non-polarizable SPC, SPC/E, TIP4P, TIP4P-Ew and the polarizable TIP4P-FQ potentials were used for a system of 256 molecules, along with both the Lekner and Ewald techniques to handle long-range electrostatics, in an effort to assess the impact of different long-range electrostatics methodologies on the results. Significant alterations in molecular mobility and hydrogen bonding patterns were found relative to zero-field conditions. The heating profiles were compared to that predicted from a macroscopic energy balance, and the TIP4P-FQ model was found to be superior in this aspect. Although the Lekner and Ewald techniques yielded similar results in the case of the non-polarizable potentials, some significant differences were noted between them for the TIP4P-FQ model at lower temperatures. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP English, NJ (reprint author), St Johns Innovat Ctr, Chem Comp Grp, Cambridge CB4 0WS, England. EM nenglish@chemcomp.com NR 34 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD JAN 20 PY 2006 VL 104 IS 2 BP 243 EP 253 DI 10.1080/1473314050352322 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 007WW UT WOS:000235003000005 ER PT J AU Abulencia, A Acosta, D Adelman, J Affolder, T Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Anikeev, K Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Arguin, JF Arisawa, T Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Azzurri, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Bartsch, V Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Belloni, A Ben-Haim, E Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Beringer, J Berry, T Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Boisvert, V Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Bourov, S Boveia, A Brau, B Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Budd, S Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canelli, F Canepa, A Carlsmith, D Carosi, R Carron, S Casarsa, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cavalli-Sforza, M Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chang, SH Chapman, J Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, I Cho, K Chokheli, D Chou, JP Chu, PH Chuang, SH Chung, K Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciljak, M Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, A Clark, D Coca, M Connolly, A Convery, ME Conway, J Cooper, B Copic, K Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Cruz, A Cuevas, J Culbertson, R Currat, C Cyr, D DaRonco, S D'Auria, S D'onofrio, M Dagenhart, D de Barbaro, P Cecco, SD Deisher, A Lentdecker, GD Dell'Orso, M Demers, S Demortier, L Deng, J Deninno, M Pedis, DD Derwent, PF Dionisi, C Dittmann, J DiTuro, P Dorr, C Dominguez, A Donati, S Donega, M Dong, P Donini, J Dorigo, T Dube, S Ebina, K Efron, J Ehlers, J Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, I Fedorko, WT Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Field, R Flanagan, G Flores-Castillo, LR Foland, A Forrester, S Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, JC Fujii, Y Furic, I Gajjar, A Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garcia, JE Sciveres, MG Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Gerberich, H Gerchtein, E Gerdes, D Giagu, S Giannetti, P Gibson, A Gibson, K Ginsburg, C Giolo, K Giordani, M Giunta, M Giurgiu, G Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, J Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gonzalez, O Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Gresele, A Griffiths, M Grinstein, S Grosso-Pilcher, C Grundler, U da Costa, JG Haber, C Hahn, SR Hahn, K Halkiadakis, E Hamilton, A Han, BY Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, M Harper, S Harr, RF Harris, RM Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Hays, C Hayward, H Heijboer, A Heinemann, B Heinrich, J Hennecke, M Herndon, M Heuser, J Hidas, D Hill, CS Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Holloway, A Hou, S Houlden, M Hsu, SC Huffman, BT Hughes, RE Huston, J Ikado, K Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ishizawa, Y Ivanov, A Iyutin, B James, E Jang, D Jayatilaka, B Jeans, D Jensen, H Jeon, EJ Jones, M Joo, KK Jun, SY Junk, TR Kamon, T Kang, J Karagoz-Unel, M Karchin, PE Kato, Y Kemp, Y Kephart, R Kerzel, U Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, MS Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Klute, M Knuteson, B Ko, BR Kobayashi, H Kondo, K Kong, DJ Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korytov, A Kotwal, AV Kovalev, A Kraus, J Kravchenko, I Kreps, M Kreymer, A Kroll, J Krumnack, N Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kuhlmann, SE Kusakabe, Y Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Lai, S Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, M Lander, RL Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lazzizzera, I Lecci, C LeCompte, T Lee, J Lee, J Lee, SW Lee, YJ Lefevre, R Leonardo, N Leone, S Levy, S Lewis, JD Li, K Lin, C Lin, CS Lindgren, M Lipeles, E Liss, TM Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, T Liu, Y Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Loverre, P Lu, RS Lucchesi, D Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lyons, L Lys, J Lysak, R Lytken, E Mack, P MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Manca, G Margaroli, F Marginean, R Marino, C Martin, A Martin, M Martin, V Martinez, M Maruyama, T Matsunaga, H Mattson, ME Mazini, R Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McGivern, D McIntyre, P McNamara, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Menzemer, S Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Messina, A von der Mey, M Miao, T Miladinovic, N Miles, J Miller, R Miller, JS Mills, C Milnik, M Miquel, R Miscetti, S Mitselmakher, G Miyamoto, A Moggi, N Mohr, B Moore, R Morello, M Fernandez, PM Mulmenstadt, J Mukherjee, A Mulhearn, M Muller, T Mumford, R Murat, P Nachtman, J Nahn, S Nakano, I Napier, A Naumov, D Necula, V Neu, C Neubauer, MS Nielsen, J Nigmanov, T Nodulman, L Norniella, O Ogawa, T Oh, SH Oh, YD Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Osterberg, K Pagliarone, C Palencia, E Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Papikonomou, A Paramonov, AA Parks, B Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, DE Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pitts, K Plager, C Pondrom, L Pope, G Portell, X Poukhov, O Pounder, N Prakoshyn, F Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Pursley, J Rademacker, J Rahaman, A Rakitin, A Rappoccio, S Ratnikov, F Reisert, B Rekovic, V van Remortel, N Renton, P Rescigno, M Richter, S Rimondi, F Rinnert, K Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rogers, E Rolli, S Roser, R Rossi, M Rossin, R Rott, C Ruiz, A Russ, J Rusu, V Ryan, D Saarikko, H Sabik, S Safonov, A Sakumoto, WK Salamanna, G Salto, O Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Santi, L Sarkar, S Sato, K Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Scheidle, T Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Schwarz, T Scodellaro, L Scott, AL Scribano, A Scuri, F Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Sexton-Kennedy, L Sfiligoi, I Shapiro, MD Shears, T Shepard, PF Sherman, D Shimojima, M Shochet, M Shon, Y Shreyber, I Sidoti, A Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Sisakyan, A Sjolin, J Skiba, A Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smirnov, D Smith, JR Snider, FD Snihur, R Soderberg, M Soha, A Somalwar, S Sorin, V Spalding, J Spinella, F Squillacioti, P Stanitzki, M Staveris-Polykalas, A Denis, RS Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Stentz, D Strologas, J Stuart, D Suh, JS Sukhanov, A Sumorok, K Sun, H Suzuki, T Taffard, A Tafirout, R Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tanaka, R Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Tipton, P Tiwari, V Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tomura, T Tonelli, D Tonnesmann, M Torre, S Torretta, D Tourneur, S Trischuk, W Tsuchiya, R Tsuno, S Turini, N Ukegawa, F Unverhau, T Uozumi, S Usynin, D Vacavant, L Vaiciulis, A Vallecorsa, S Varganov, A Vataga, E Velev, G Veramendi, G Veszpremi, V Vickey, T Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Vollrath, I Volobouev, I Wurthwein, F Wagner, P Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wallny, R Walter, T Wan, Z Wang, MJ Wang, SM Warburton, A Ward, B Waschke, S Waters, D Watts, T Weber, M Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Whiteson, D Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolfe, C Worm, S Wright, T Wu, X Wynne, SM Xie, S Yagil, A Yamamoto, K Yamaoka, J Yamashita, Y Yang, C Yang, UK Yao, WM Yeh, GP Yoh, J Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, SS Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zaw, I Zetti, F Zhang, X Zhou, J Zucchelli, S AF Abulencia, A Acosta, D Adelman, J Affolder, T Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Anikeev, K Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Arguin, JF Arisawa, T Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Azzurri, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Bartsch, V Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Belloni, A Ben-Haim, E Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Beringer, J Berry, T Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Boisvert, V Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Bourov, S Boveia, A Brau, B Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Budd, S Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canelli, F Canepa, A Carlsmith, D Carosi, R Carron, S Casarsa, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cavalli-Sforza, M Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chang, SH Chapman, J Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, I Cho, K Chokheli, D Chou, JP Chu, PH Chuang, SH Chung, K Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciljak, M Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, A Clark, D Coca, M Connolly, A Convery, ME Conway, J Cooper, B Copic, K Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Cruz, A Cuevas, J Culbertson, R Currat, C Cyr, D DaRonco, S D'Auria, S D'onofrio, M Dagenhart, D de Barbaro, P Cecco, SD Deisher, A Lentdecker, GD Dell'Orso, M Demers, S Demortier, L Deng, J Deninno, M Pedis, DD Derwent, PF Dionisi, C Dittmann, J DiTuro, P Dorr, C Dominguez, A Donati, S Donega, M Dong, P Donini, J Dorigo, T Dube, S Ebina, K Efron, J Ehlers, J Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, I Fedorko, WT Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Field, R Flanagan, G Flores-Castillo, LR Foland, A Forrester, S Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, JC Fujii, Y Furic, I Gajjar, A Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garcia, JE Sciveres, MG Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Gerberich, H Gerchtein, E Gerdes, D Giagu, S Giannetti, P Gibson, A Gibson, K Ginsburg, C Giolo, K Giordani, M Giunta, M Giurgiu, G Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, J Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gonzalez, O Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Gresele, A Griffiths, M Grinstein, S Grosso-Pilcher, C Grundler, U da Costa, JG Haber, C Hahn, SR Hahn, K Halkiadakis, E Hamilton, A Han, BY Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, M Harper, S Harr, RF Harris, RM Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Hays, C Hayward, H Heijboer, A Heinemann, B Heinrich, J Hennecke, M Herndon, M Heuser, J Hidas, D Hill, CS Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Holloway, A Hou, S Houlden, M Hsu, SC Huffman, BT Hughes, RE Huston, J Ikado, K Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ishizawa, Y Ivanov, A Iyutin, B James, E Jang, D Jayatilaka, B Jeans, D Jensen, H Jeon, EJ Jones, M Joo, KK Jun, SY Junk, TR Kamon, T Kang, J Karagoz-Unel, M Karchin, PE Kato, Y Kemp, Y Kephart, R Kerzel, U Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, MS Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Klute, M Knuteson, B Ko, BR Kobayashi, H Kondo, K Kong, DJ Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korytov, A Kotwal, AV Kovalev, A Kraus, J Kravchenko, I Kreps, M Kreymer, A Kroll, J Krumnack, N Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kuhlmann, SE Kusakabe, Y Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Lai, S Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, M Lander, RL Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lazzizzera, I Lecci, C LeCompte, T Lee, J Lee, J Lee, SW Lee, YJ Lefevre, R Leonardo, N Leone, S Levy, S Lewis, JD Li, K Lin, C Lin, CS Lindgren, M Lipeles, E Liss, TM Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, T Liu, Y Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Loverre, P Lu, RS Lucchesi, D Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lyons, L Lys, J Lysak, R Lytken, E Mack, P MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Manca, G Margaroli, F Marginean, R Marino, C Martin, A Martin, M Martin, V Martinez, M Maruyama, T Matsunaga, H Mattson, ME Mazini, R Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McGivern, D McIntyre, P McNamara, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Menzemer, S Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Messina, A von der Mey, M Miao, T Miladinovic, N Miles, J Miller, R Miller, JS Mills, C Milnik, M Miquel, R Miscetti, S Mitselmakher, G Miyamoto, A Moggi, N Mohr, B Moore, R Morello, M Fernandez, PM Mulmenstadt, J Mukherjee, A Mulhearn, M Muller, T Mumford, R Murat, P Nachtman, J Nahn, S Nakano, I Napier, A Naumov, D Necula, V Neu, C Neubauer, MS Nielsen, J Nigmanov, T Nodulman, L Norniella, O Ogawa, T Oh, SH Oh, YD Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Osterberg, K Pagliarone, C Palencia, E Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Papikonomou, A Paramonov, AA Parks, B Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, DE Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pitts, K Plager, C Pondrom, L Pope, G Portell, X Poukhov, O Pounder, N Prakoshyn, F Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Pursley, J Rademacker, J Rahaman, A Rakitin, A Rappoccio, S Ratnikov, F Reisert, B Rekovic, V van Remortel, N Renton, P Rescigno, M Richter, S Rimondi, F Rinnert, K Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rogers, E Rolli, S Roser, R Rossi, M Rossin, R Rott, C Ruiz, A Russ, J Rusu, V Ryan, D Saarikko, H Sabik, S Safonov, A Sakumoto, WK Salamanna, G Salto, O Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Santi, L Sarkar, S Sato, K Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Scheidle, T Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Schwarz, T Scodellaro, L Scott, AL Scribano, A Scuri, F Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Sexton-Kennedy, L Sfiligoi, I Shapiro, MD Shears, T Shepard, PF Sherman, D Shimojima, M Shochet, M Shon, Y Shreyber, I Sidoti, A Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Sisakyan, A Sjolin, J Skiba, A Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smirnov, D Smith, JR Snider, FD Snihur, R Soderberg, M Soha, A Somalwar, S Sorin, V Spalding, J Spinella, F Squillacioti, P Stanitzki, M Staveris-Polykalas, A Denis, RS Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Stentz, D Strologas, J Stuart, D Suh, JS Sukhanov, A Sumorok, K Sun, H Suzuki, T Taffard, A Tafirout, R Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tanaka, R Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Tipton, P Tiwari, V Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tomura, T Tonelli, D Tonnesmann, M Torre, S Torretta, D Tourneur, S Trischuk, W Tsuchiya, R Tsuno, S Turini, N Ukegawa, F Unverhau, T Uozumi, S Usynin, D Vacavant, L Vaiciulis, A Vallecorsa, S Varganov, A Vataga, E Velev, G Veramendi, G Veszpremi, V Vickey, T Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Vollrath, I Volobouev, I Wurthwein, F Wagner, P Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wallny, R Walter, T Wan, Z Wang, MJ Wang, SM Warburton, A Ward, B Waschke, S Waters, D Watts, T Weber, M Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Whiteson, D Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolfe, C Worm, S Wright, T Wu, X Wynne, SM Xie, S Yagil, A Yamamoto, K Yamaoka, J Yamashita, Y Yang, C Yang, UK Yao, WM Yeh, GP Yoh, J Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, SS Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zaw, I Zetti, F Zhang, X Zhou, J Zucchelli, S CA CDF Collaboration TI Precision top-quark mass measurement in the lepton plus jets topology in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We report two measurements of the top-quark mass M-top using the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron in a 318 pb(-1) data sample of t (t) over bar events in the lepton+jets final state. One method uses an event-based likelihood technique resulting in M-top=173.2(-2.4)(+2.6)(stat)+/- 3.2(syst) GeV/c(2) or 173.2(-4.0)(+4.1) GeV/c(2). The second method reconstructs a top-quark mass in each event using the measured invariant mass of the hadronically decaying W boson to constrain the jet energy scale to obtain a value for M-top of 173.5(-3.6)(+3.7)(stat)+/- 1.3(syst) GeV/c(2) or 173.5(-3.8)(+3.9) GeV/c(2). We take the latter, which is more precise, as our result. C1 Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div High Energy Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova Trento, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Siena, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. RI Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Xie, Si/O-6830-2016; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; vilar, rocio/P-8480-2014; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Connolly, Amy/J-3958-2013; Levy, Stephen/C-3493-2011; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012 OI Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Xie, Si/0000-0003-2509-5731; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052 NR 13 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 2 AR 022004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.022004 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 004MY UT WOS:000234758100021 PM 16486564 ER PT J AU Aniol, KA Armstrong, DS Averett, T Benaoum, H Bertin, PY Burtin, E Cahoon, J Cates, GD Chang, CC Chao, YC Chen, JP Choi, S Chudakov, E Craver, B Cusanno, F Decowski, P Deepa, D Ferdi, C Feuerbach, RJ Finn, JM Frullani, S Fuoti, K Garibaldi, F Gilman, R Glamazdin, A Gorbenko, V Grames, JM Hansknecht, J Higinbotham, DW Holmes, R Holmstrom, T Humensky, TB Ibrahim, H de Jager, CW Jiang, X Kaufman, LJ Kelleher, A Kolarkar, A Kowalski, S Kumar, KS Lambert, D LaViolette, P LeRose, J Lhuillier, D Liyanage, N Margaziotis, DJ Mazouz, M McCormick, K Meekins, DG Meziani, ZE Michaels, R Moffit, B Monaghan, P Munoz-Camacho, C Nanda, S Nelyubin, V Neyret, D Paschke, KD Poelker, M Pomatsalyuk, R Qiang, Y Reitz, B Roche, J Saha, A Singh, J Snyder, R Souder, PA Subedi, R Suleiman, R Sulkosky, V Tobias, WA Urciuoli, GM Vacheret, A Voutier, E Wang, K Wilson, R Wojtsekhowski, B Zheng, X AF Aniol, KA Armstrong, DS Averett, T Benaoum, H Bertin, PY Burtin, E Cahoon, J Cates, GD Chang, CC Chao, YC Chen, JP Choi, S Chudakov, E Craver, B Cusanno, F Decowski, P Deepa, D Ferdi, C Feuerbach, RJ Finn, JM Frullani, S Fuoti, K Garibaldi, F Gilman, R Glamazdin, A Gorbenko, V Grames, JM Hansknecht, J Higinbotham, DW Holmes, R Holmstrom, T Humensky, TB Ibrahim, H de Jager, CW Jiang, X Kaufman, LJ Kelleher, A Kolarkar, A Kowalski, S Kumar, KS Lambert, D LaViolette, P LeRose, J Lhuillier, D Liyanage, N Margaziotis, DJ Mazouz, M McCormick, K Meekins, DG Meziani, ZE Michaels, R Moffit, B Monaghan, P Munoz-Camacho, C Nanda, S Nelyubin, V Neyret, D Paschke, KD Poelker, M Pomatsalyuk, R Qiang, Y Reitz, B Roche, J Saha, A Singh, J Snyder, R Souder, PA Subedi, R Suleiman, R Sulkosky, V Tobias, WA Urciuoli, GM Vacheret, A Voutier, E Wang, K Wilson, R Wojtsekhowski, B Zheng, X CA HAPPEX Collaboration TI Parity-violating electron scattering from He-4 and the strange electric form factor of the nucleon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HALL-A; PROTON-SCATTERING; MAGNETIC-MOMENT; NEUTRAL-CURRENT; JEFFERSON-LAB; CURRENTS; QUARKS AB We have measured the parity-violating electroweak asymmetry in the elastic scattering of polarized electrons from He-4 at an average scattering angle =5.7 degrees and a four-momentum transfer Q(2)=0.091 GeV2. From these data, for the first time, the strange electric form factor of the nucleon G(E)(s) can be isolated. The measured asymmetry of A(PV)=(6.72 +/- 0.84((stat))+/- 0.21((syst)))x10(-6) yields a value of G(E)(s)=-0.038 +/- 0.042((stat))+/- 0.010((syst)), consistent with zero. C1 Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, IN2P3, F-63177 Clermont Ferrand, France. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, SPhN, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Smith Coll, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Kharkov Inst Phys & Technol, UA-310108 Kharkov, Ukraine. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02129 USA. Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, F-38026 St Martin Dheres, France. Russian Acad Sci, St Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Aniol, KA (reprint author), Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. RI Averett, Todd/A-2969-2011; Singh, Jaideep/H-2346-2013; Higinbotham, Douglas/J-9394-2014 OI Singh, Jaideep/0000-0002-4810-4824; Higinbotham, Douglas/0000-0003-2758-6526 NR 29 TC 120 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 2 AR 022003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.022003 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 004MY UT WOS:000234758100020 PM 16486563 ER PT J AU Barnett, RL Polkovnikov, A Demler, E Yin, WG Ku, W AF Barnett, RL Polkovnikov, A Demler, E Yin, WG Ku, W TI Coexistence of gapless excitations and commensurate charge-density wave in the 2H transition metal dichalcogenides SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FERMI-SURFACE; 2H-TASE2; MECHANISM; 2H-NBSE2; CHALCOGENIDES AB An unexpected feature common to 2H transition metal dichalcogenides (2H TMDs) is revealed with a first-principles Wannier function analysis of the electronic structure of the prototype 2H TaSe2: The low-energy Ta "5d(z)(2)" bands governing the physics of a charge-density wave (CDW) is dominated by hopping between next-nearest neighbors. With this motivation we develop a minimal effective model for the CDW formation, in which the unusual form of the hopping leads to an approximate decoupling of the three sublattices. In the CDW phase one sublattice remains undistorted, leaving the bands associated with it ungapped everywhere in the Fermi surface, resolving the long-standing puzzle of the coexistence of gapless excitations and commensurate CDW in the 2H TMDs. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Barnett, RL (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Yin, Weiguo/A-9671-2014; OI Yin, Weiguo/0000-0002-4965-5329; Barnett, Ryan/0000-0002-5122-2856 NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 7 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 2 AR 026406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.026406 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 004MY UT WOS:000234758100065 PM 16486608 ER PT J AU Bastea, S AF Bastea, S TI Aggregation kinetics in a model colloidal suspension SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COAGULATION-FRAGMENTATION SYSTEM; CLUSTER-SIZE EVOLUTION; HARD-SPHERE; SIMULATION; DYNAMICS; TRANSITION; MIXTURES; BEHAVIOR; SOFT AB We present molecular dynamics simulations of aggregation kinetics in a colloidal suspension modeled as a highly asymmetric binary mixture. Starting from a configuration with largely uncorrelated colloidal particles the system relaxes by coagulation-fragmentation dynamics to a structured state of low-dimensionality clusters with an exponential size distribution. The results show that short-range repulsive interactions alone can give rise to so-called cluster phases. For the present model and probably other, more common colloids, the observed clusters appear to be equilibrium phase fluctuations induced by the entropic intercolloidal attractions. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bastea, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM sbastea@llnl.gov NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 2 AR 028305 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.028305 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 004MY UT WOS:000234758100115 PM 16486658 ER PT J AU Cooray, A Huterer, D Holz, DE AF Cooray, A Huterer, D Holz, DE TI Problems with small area surveys: Lensing covariance of supernova distance measurements SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; MAGNIFICATION; CONSTRAINTS AB While luminosity distances from type Ia supernovae (SNe) are a powerful probe of cosmology, the accuracy with which these distances can be measured is limited by cosmic magnification due to gravitational lensing by the intervening large-scale structure. Spatial clustering of foreground mass leads to correlated errors in SNe distances. By including the full covariance matrix of SNe, we show that future wide-field surveys will remain largely unaffected by lensing correlations. However, "pencil beam" surveys, and those with narrow (but possibly long) fields of view, can be strongly affected. For a survey with 30 arcmin mean separation between SNe, lensing covariance leads to a similar to 45% increase in the expected errors in dark energy parameters. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Cosmol, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cooray, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Cosmol, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. NR 26 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 2 AR 021301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.021301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 004MY UT WOS:000234758100015 PM 16486558 ER PT J AU Crespo, M Suderow, H Vieira, S Bud'ko, S Canfield, PC AF Crespo, M Suderow, H Vieira, S Bud'ko, S Canfield, PC TI Local superconducting density of states of ErNi2B2C SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPE; MAGNETISM; COEXISTENCE; YNI2B2C; LATTICE; SPECTROSCOPY; SYMMETRY; TMNI2B2C; LUNI2B2C; IMPURITY AB We present local tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy measurements at low temperatures in single crystalline samples of the magnetic superconductor ErNi2B2C. The electronic local density of states shows a striking departure from s-wave BCS theory with a finite value at the Fermi level, which amounts to half of the normal phase density of states. C1 Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Ciencias, Inst Ciencia Mat Nicolas Cabrera, Dept Fis Mat Condensada,Lab Bajas Temp, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Crespo, M (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Ciencias, Inst Ciencia Mat Nicolas Cabrera, Dept Fis Mat Condensada,Lab Bajas Temp, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. RI Suderow, Hermann/L-6612-2013; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; vieira, sebastian/L-5216-2014 OI Suderow, Hermann/0000-0002-5902-1880; vieira, sebastian/0000-0002-3854-1377 NR 39 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 2 AR 027003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.027003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 004MY UT WOS:000234758100076 PM 16486619 ER PT J AU Hastings, MB Mudry, C AF Hastings, MB Mudry, C TI Universal scaling relations in strongly anisotropic materials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP APPROACH; NEEL TEMPERATURE; SPIN CHAINS; MAGNETS; SCATTERING; BEHAVIOR AB We consider the critical temperature in strongly anisotropic antiferromagnetic materials, with weak coupling between stacked planes, in order to determine the interplane coupling constant from experimentally measured susceptibilities. We present theoretical arguments for a universal relation between interplane coupling and susceptibility shown numerically by Yasuda et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 217201 (2005)]. We predict a more general scaling function if the system is close to a quantum critical point, a similar relation for other susceptibilities than considered in Yasuda et al., and the validity of these relations for more general phase transitions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, Condensed Matter Theory Grp, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RP Hastings, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hastings@cnls.lanl.gov RI Mudry, Christopher/M-5587-2014 OI Mudry, Christopher/0000-0003-4074-6758 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 2 AR 027215 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.027215 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 004MY UT WOS:000234758100093 PM 16486636 ER PT J AU Maciuc, F Grupen, C Hashim, NO Luitz, S Mailov, A Muller, AS Putzer, A Sander, HG Schmeling, S Schmelling, M Tcaciuc, R Wachsmuth, H Ziegler, T Zuber, K AF Maciuc, F Grupen, C Hashim, NO Luitz, S Mailov, A Muller, AS Putzer, A Sander, HG Schmeling, S Schmelling, M Tcaciuc, R Wachsmuth, H Ziegler, T Zuber, K TI Muon-pair production by atmospheric muons in CosmoALEPH SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRIDENT PRODUCTION; ATOMIC ELECTRONS; COLLISIONS AB Data from a dedicated cosmic ray run of the ALEPH detector were used in a study of muon trident production, i.e., muon pairs produced by muons. Here the overburden and the calorimeters are the target materials while the ALEPH time projection chamber provides the momentum measurements. A theoretical estimate of the muon trident cross section is obtained by developing a Monte Carlo simulation for muon propagation in the overburden and the detector. Two muon trident candidates were found to match the expected theoretical pattern. The observed production rate implies that the nuclear form factor cannot be neglected for muon tridents. C1 Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-57068 Siegen, Germany. SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Synchrotronstrahlung, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Heidelberg, Kirchhoff Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Mainz, Fachbereich Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. RP Maciuc, F (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. EM Florin.Maciuc@mpi-hd.mpg.de RI MACIUC, Florin/B-9903-2016 OI MACIUC, Florin/0000-0001-6651-9436 NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 2 AR 021801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.021801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 004MY UT WOS:000234758100017 PM 16486560 ER PT J AU Ohldag, H Shi, H Arenholz, E Stohr, J Lederman, D AF Ohldag, H Shi, H Arenholz, E Stohr, J Lederman, D TI Parallel versus antiparallel interfacial coupling in exchange biased Co/FeF2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPONTANEOUS MAGNETIZATION; FEXZN1-XF2/CO BILAYERS; ANISOTROPY; FEF2-FE AB By using the surface and element specificity of soft x-ray magnetic dichroism we provide direct experimental evidence for two different types of interfacial uncompensated Fe moments in exchange biased Co/FeF2 bilayers. Some moments are pinned and coupled antiparallel to the ferromagnet (FM). They give rise to a positive exchange bias and vanish above T-N=78 K together with the antiferromagnet (AF) order. Other interfacial Fe moments are unpinned and coupled parallel to the FM. They persist up to 300 K and give rise to magnetic order at the AF surface even above T-N. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ohldag, H (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, POB 20450, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hohldag@stanford.edu RI Ohldag, Hendrik/F-1009-2014 NR 20 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 2 AR 027203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.027203 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 004MY UT WOS:000234758100081 PM 16486624 ER PT J AU Phelan, D Louca, D Rosenkranz, S Lee, SH Qiu, Y Chupas, PJ Osborn, R Zheng, H Mitchell, JF Copley, JRD Sarrao, JL Moritomo, Y AF Phelan, D Louca, D Rosenkranz, S Lee, SH Qiu, Y Chupas, PJ Osborn, R Zheng, H Mitchell, JF Copley, JRD Sarrao, JL Moritomo, Y TI Nanomagnetic droplets and implications to orbital ordering in La1-xSrxCoO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SPIN-STATE; LACOO3; TRANSITION AB Inelastic cold-neutron scattering on LaCoO3 provided evidence for a distinct low energy excitation at 0.6 meV coincident with the thermally induced magnetic transition. Coexisting strong ferromagnetic (FM) and weaker antiferromagnetic correlations that are dynamic follow the activation to the excited state, identified as the intermediate S=1 spin triplet. This is indicative of dynamical orbital ordering favoring the observed magnetic interactions. With hole doping as in La1-xSrxCoO3, the FM correlations between Co spins become static and isotropically distributed due to the formation of FM droplets. The correlation length and condensation temperature of these droplets increase rapidly with metallicity due to the double exchange mechanism. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Nagoya Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. RP Louca, D (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM louca@virginia.edu RI Osborn, Raymond/E-8676-2011; Rosenkranz, Stephan/E-4672-2011; OI Osborn, Raymond/0000-0001-9565-3140; Rosenkranz, Stephan/0000-0002-5659-0383; moritomo, yutaka/0000-0001-6584-7489 NR 26 TC 107 Z9 108 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 2 AR 027201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.027201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 004MY UT WOS:000234758100079 PM 16486622 ER PT J AU Qian, MC Fong, CY Liu, K Pickett, WE Pask, JE Yang, LH AF Qian, MC Fong, CY Liu, K Pickett, WE Pask, JE Yang, LH TI Half-metallic digital ferromagnetic heterostructure composed of a delta-doped layer of Mn in Si SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SUPERLATTICES AB We propose and investigate the properties of a digital ferromagnetic heterostructure consisting of a delta-doped layer of Mn in Si, using ab initio electronic-structure methods. We find that (i) ferromagnetic order of the Mn layer is energetically favorable relative to antiferromagnetic, and (ii) the heterostructure is a two-dimensional half-metallic system. The metallic behavior is contributed by three majority-spin bands originating from hybridized Mn-d and nearest-neighbor Si-p states, and the corresponding carriers are responsible for the ferromagnetic order in the Mn layer. The minority-spin channel has a calculated semiconducting gap of 0.25 eV. The band lineup is found to be favorable for retaining the half-metal character to near the Curie temperature. This kind of heterostructure may be of special interest for integration into mature Si technologies for spintronic applications. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Qian, MC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mqian@physics.ucdavis.edu RI Liu, Kai/B-1163-2008 OI Liu, Kai/0000-0001-9413-6782 NR 24 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 2 AR 027211 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.027211 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 004MY UT WOS:000234758100089 PM 16486632 ER PT J AU Reichhardt, C Reichhardt, CJO AF Reichhardt, C Reichhardt, CJO TI Crossover from intermittent to continuum dynamics for locally driven colloids SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COLLECTIVE TRANSPORT; ARRAYS; FLOW AB We simulate a colloid with charge q(d) driven through a disordered assembly of interacting colloids with charge q and show that, for q(d)approximate to q, the velocity-force relation is nonlinear and the velocity fluctuations of the driven particle are highly intermittent with a 1/f characteristic. When q(d)> q, the average velocity drops, the velocity-force relation becomes linear, and the velocity fluctuations are Gaussian. We discuss the results in terms of a crossover from strongly intermittent heterogeneous dynamics to continuum dynamics. We also make several predictions for the transient response in the different regimes. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reichhardt, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Reichhardt, Cynthia/0000-0002-3487-5089 NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 2 AR 028301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.028301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 004MY UT WOS:000234758100111 PM 16486654 ER PT J AU Spizzo, G Cappello, S Cravotta, A Escande, DF Predebon, I Marrelli, L Martin, P White, RB AF Spizzo, G Cappello, S Cravotta, A Escande, DF Predebon, I Marrelli, L Martin, P White, RB TI Transport barrier inside the reversal surface in the chaotic regime of the reversed-field pinch SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-WALL INTERACTIONS; RFX; BEHAVIOR; MODES AB Magnetic field lines and the corresponding particle orbits are computed for a typical chaotic magnetic field provided by a magnetohydrodynamics numerical simulation of the reversed-field pinch. The m=1 modes are phase locked and produce a toroidally localized bulging of the plasma which increases particle transport. The m=0 and m=1 modes produce magnetic chaos implying poor confinement. However, they also allow for the formation of magnetic islands which induce transport barriers inside the reversal surface. C1 EURATOM, ENEA, Consorz RFX, I-35127 Padua, Italy. Univ Aix Marseille 1, Ctr CNR, UMR 6633, F-13397 Marseille, France. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Spizzo, G (reprint author), EURATOM, ENEA, Consorz RFX, Corso Stati Uniti,4, I-35127 Padua, Italy. RI Marrelli, Lionello/G-4451-2013; White, Roscoe/D-1773-2013; Spizzo, Gianluca/B-7075-2009; Cappello, Susanna/H-9968-2013 OI Marrelli, Lionello/0000-0001-5370-080X; White, Roscoe/0000-0002-4239-2685; Spizzo, Gianluca/0000-0001-8586-2168; Cappello, Susanna/0000-0002-2022-1113 NR 23 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 2 AR 025001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.025001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 004MY UT WOS:000234758100045 PM 16486588 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Rafailovich, M Sokolov, J Gersappe, D Araki, T Zou, Y Kilcoyne, ADL Ade, H Marom, G Lustiger, A AF Wang, Y Rafailovich, M Sokolov, J Gersappe, D Araki, T Zou, Y Kilcoyne, ADL Ade, H Marom, G Lustiger, A TI Substrate effect on the melting temperature of thin polyethylene films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODULATION FORCE MICROSCOPY; POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION; ULTRATHIN FILMS; ADSORPTION; INTERFACE AB Strong dependence of the crystal orientation, morphology, and melting temperature (T-m) on the substrate is observed in the semicrystalline polyethylene thin films. The T-m decreases with the film thickness decrease when the film is thinner than a certain critical thickness, and the magnitude of the depression increases with increasing surface interaction. We attribute the large T-m depression to the decrease in the overall free energy on melting, which is caused by the substrate attraction force to the chains that competes against the interchain force which drives the chains to crystallization. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. LBNL, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Appl Chem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. RP Rafailovich, M (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM mrafailovich@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Ade, Harald/E-7471-2011; Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013 NR 26 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 2 AR 028303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.028303 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 004MY UT WOS:000234758100113 PM 16486656 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Dalpian, GM Fluegel, B Wei, SH Mascarenhas, A Huang, XY Li, J Wang, LW AF Zhang, Y Dalpian, GM Fluegel, B Wei, SH Mascarenhas, A Huang, XY Li, J Wang, LW TI Novel approach to tuning the physical properties of organic-inorganic hybrid semiconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID II-VI; ZINC TELLURIDE; FREE-EXCITON; POLARITON; ABSORPTION; CU2O; CRYSTAL AB We discuss theoretically a novel approach to tailoring the properties of a new family of organic-inorganic hybrid superlattices, using two isostructural materials, ZnSe(en)(0.5) and ZnTe(en)(0.5), as examples. Replacing Se with Te leads to a number of nontrivial changes: the conduction band parity, singularity type, conductivity in the superlattice direction, and the p-type dopability. Experimentally, we report the first unambiguous observation of exciton-polariton emission in a hybrid semiconductor, i.e., ZnTe(en)(0.5). The band-edge excitonic transitions in both emission and absorption are explained by the calculated electronic structures. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94820 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM yong_zhang@nrel.gov RI Dalpian, Gustavo/B-9746-2008; Huang, Xiao-Ying/E-9705-2011 OI Dalpian, Gustavo/0000-0001-5561-354X; Huang, Xiao-Ying/0000-0002-3514-216X NR 25 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 2 AR 026405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.026405 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 004MY UT WOS:000234758100064 PM 16486607 ER PT J AU Chandonia, JM Brenner, SE AF Chandonia, JM Brenner, SE TI The impact of structural genomics: Expectations and outcomes SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID PROTEIN-STRUCTURE; RIBOSOMAL-SUBUNIT; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TARGET SELECTION; DATABASE; BIOLOGY; RESOLUTION; SCOP AB Structural genomics (SG) projects aim to expand our structural knowledge of biological macromolecules while lowering the average costs of structure determination. We quantitatively analyzed the novelty, cost, and impact of structures solved by SG centers, and we contrast these results with traditional structural biology. The first structure identified in a protein family enables inference of the fold and of ancient relationships to other proteins; in the year ending 31 January 2005, about half of such structures were solved at a SG center rather than in a traditional laboratory. Furthermore, the cost of solving a structure at the most efficient SG center in the United States has dropped to one-quarter of the estimated cost of solving a structure by traditional methods. However, the efficiency of the top structural biology laboratories-even though they work on very challenging structures-is comparable to that of SG centers; moreover, traditional structural biology papers are cited significantly more often, suggesting greater current impact. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley Struct Genom Ctr, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Brenner, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley Struct Genom Ctr, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM brenner@compbio.berkeley.edu RI Brenner, Steven/A-8729-2008 OI Brenner, Steven/0000-0001-7559-6185 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [1-K22-HG00056]; NIGMS NIH HHS [1-P50-GM62412, 1-R01-GM073109] NR 29 TC 241 Z9 258 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 20 PY 2006 VL 311 IS 5759 BP 347 EP 351 DI 10.1126/science.1121018 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 007AE UT WOS:000234938500034 PM 16424331 ER PT J AU Shi, DL Lian, J Wang, W Liu, GK He, P Dong, ZY Wang, LM Ewing, RC AF Shi, DL Lian, J Wang, W Liu, GK He, P Dong, ZY Wang, LM Ewing, RC TI Luminescent carbon nanotubes by surface functionalization SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM DOTS; SELECTIVE ATTACHMENT; IN-VIVO; DEPOSITION; DNA; NANOPARTICLES; DISPERSION; PROBES AB Multiwalled carbon nanotubes functionalized with europium-doped Y2O3 nanophosphors gives rise to species that are luminescent in the visible-light range. The surface morphologies and microstructure have been characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and Z-contrast imaging (see Figure). Such species may find potential applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Met Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Engn Mech, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Shi, DL (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Met Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM shid@email.uc.edu RI Lian, Jie/A-7839-2010 NR 25 TC 112 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 25 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JAN 19 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 2 BP 189 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200501680 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 007TV UT WOS:000234993700008 ER PT J AU Sivula, K Ball, ZT Watanabe, N Frechet, JMJ AF Sivula, K Ball, ZT Watanabe, N Frechet, JMJ TI Amphiphilic diblock copolymer compatibilizers and their effect on the morphology and performance of polythiophene: Fullerene solar cells SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID OPENING-METATHESIS POLYMERIZATION; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; OPTOELECTRONIC PROPERTIES; FILMS; COMPOSITES; CATALYST; C-60; PPV AB A diblock copolymer containing a fullerene(C-60)-rich block an a poly(3-hexylthiophene) block functions as a compatibilizer in poly (3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl C-61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) blends. The copolymer is used to probe the impact of morphology and phase-segregation kinetics on the performance of P3HT:PCBM-based solar cells. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frechet, JMJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM frechet@cchem.berkeley.edu RI sivula, kevin/I-2250-2013; Ball, Zachary/I-7715-2014; OI Ball, Zachary/0000-0002-8681-0789; Sivula, Kevin/0000-0002-8458-0270; Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 NR 27 TC 297 Z9 299 U1 5 U2 107 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JAN 19 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 2 BP 206 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200501787 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 007TV UT WOS:000234993700012 ER PT J AU Williams, BS Kumar, S Hu, Q Reno, JL AF Williams, BS Kumar, S Hu, Q Reno, JL TI High-power terahertz quantum-cascade lasers SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Demonstration of quantum-cascade lasers at similar to 4.4 THz (lambda similar to 68 mu m), which are measured to emit 248 mW peak power in pulsed mode, and 138 mW continuous-wave power at heatsink temperatures of 10 K, is reported. These lasers are based on a resonant-phonon depopulation scheme, and use a semi-insulating surface-plasmon waveguide. C1 MIT, Dept Elect & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Williams, BS (reprint author), MIT, Dept Elect & Comp Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM bwilliam@mit.edu RI Williams, Benjamin/B-4494-2013 OI Williams, Benjamin/0000-0002-6241-8336 NR 11 TC 186 Z9 192 U1 2 U2 28 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JAN 19 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 2 BP 89 EP 91 DI 10.1049/el:20063921 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 013DT UT WOS:000235390500017 ER PT J AU Ghan, SJ Rissman, TA Elleman, R Ferrare, RA Turner, D Flynn, C Wang, J Ogren, J Hudson, J Jonsson, HH VanReken, T Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH AF Ghan, SJ Rissman, TA Elleman, R Ferrare, RA Turner, D Flynn, C Wang, J Ogren, J Hudson, J Jonsson, HH VanReken, T Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH TI Use of in situ cloud condensation nuclei, extinction, and aerosol size distribution measurements to test a method for retrieving cloud condensation nuclei profiles from surface measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; PARTICLE CRITICAL SUPERSATURATION; HYGROSCOPIC GROWTH MEASUREMENTS; RAMAN LIDAR MEASUREMENTS; TO-BACKSCATTER RATIO; HUMIDIFIED TDMA; WATER-VAPOR; CLOSURE; PARAMETERIZATIONS; THERMODYNAMICS AB If the aerosol composition and size distribution below cloud are uniform, the vertical profile of cloud condensation nuclei concentration can be retrieved entirely from surface measurements of CCN concentration and particle humidification function and surface-based retrievals of relative humidity and aerosol extinction or backscatter. This provides the potential for long-term measurements of CCN concentrations near cloud base. We have used a combination of aircraft, surface in situ, and surface remote sensing measurements to test various aspects of the retrieval scheme. Our analysis leads us to the following conclusions. The retrieval works better for supersaturations of 0.1% than for 1% because CCN concentrations at 0.1% are controlled by the same particles that control extinction and backscatter. If in situ measurements of extinction are used, the retrieval explains a majority of the CCN variance at high supersaturation for at least two and perhaps five of the eight flights examined. The retrieval of the vertical profile of the humidification factor is not the major limitation of the CCN retrieval scheme. Vertical structure in the aerosol size distribution and composition is the dominant source of error in the CCN retrieval, but this vertical structure is difficult to measure from remote sensing at visible wavelengths. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ghan, SJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM steve.ghan@arm.gov RI Wang, Jian/G-9344-2011; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011 OI Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699 NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 19 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D5 AR D05S10 DI 10.1029/2004JD005752 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 007VQ UT WOS:000234999400001 ER PT J AU Block, GI Harris, JG AF Block, GI Harris, JG TI Conductivity dependence of seismoelectric wave phenomena in fluid-saturated sediments SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ACOUSTIC PROPAGATION; FIELD-MEASUREMENTS; POROELASTIC MEDIA; POINT SOURCES; ATTENUATION; MODEL; FLOW; CONVERSIONS AB [1] Seismoelectric phenomena in sediments arise from acoustic wave - induced fluid motion in the pore space, which perturbs the electrostatic equilibrium of the electric double layer on the grain surfaces. Experimental techniques and the apparatus built to study the conductivity dependence of the electrokinetic (EK) effect are described, and outcomes for studies in loose glass microspheres and medium-grain sand are presented. By varying the NaCl concentration in the pore fluid, we measured the conductivity dependence of two kinds of EK behavior: ( 1) the electric fields generated within the samples by the passage of transmitted acoustic waves and ( 2) the electromagnetic waves produced at the fluid-sediment interface by the incident acoustic wave. Both phenomena are caused by relative fluid motion in the sediment pores; this feature is characteristic of poroelastic ( Biot) media but is not predicted by either viscoelastic fluid or solid models. A model of plane wave reflection from a fluid-sediment interface using EK-Biot theory leads to theoretical predictions that compare well to the experimental data for both loose glass microspheres and medium-grain sand. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94566 USA. Northwestern Univ, Ctr Qual Engn & Failure Prevent, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Block, GI (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-206, Livermore, CA 94566 USA. EM block4@llnl.gov NR 53 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN 19 PY 2006 VL 111 IS B1 AR B01304 DI 10.1029/2005JB003798 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 007WB UT WOS:000235000500002 ER PT J AU McGrath, MJ Siepmann, JI Kuo, IFW Mundy, CJ VandeVondele, J Hutter, J Mohamed, F Krack, M AF McGrath, MJ Siepmann, JI Kuo, IFW Mundy, CJ VandeVondele, J Hutter, J Mohamed, F Krack, M TI Simulating fluid-phase equilibria of water from first principles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; BIAS MONTE-CARLO; SPACE GAUSSIAN PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; LIQUID WATER; AB-INITIO; SUPERCRITICAL CONDITIONS; COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS; DIPOLE-MOMENT; HYDROGEN-BOND AB Efficient Monte Carlo algorithms and a mixed-basis set electronic structure program were used to compute from first principles the vapor-liquid coexistence curve of water. A water representation based on the Becke-Lee-Yang-Parr exchange and correlation functionals yields a saturated liquid density of 900kg/m(3) at 323 K and normal boiling and critical temperatures of 350 and 550 K, respectively. An analysis of the structural and electronic properties of the saturated liquid phase shows an increase of the asymmetry of the local hydrogen-bonded structure despite the persistence of a 4-fold coordination and decreases of the molecular dipole moment and of the spread of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital with increasing temperature. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Supercomp Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Direcorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. Univ Zurich, Inst Phys Chem, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. ETH, Phys Chem Lab, CH-6904 Lugano, Switzerland. RP Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM siepmann@chem.umn.edu RI Hutter, Juerg/E-9244-2011; VandeVondele, Joost/L-6420-2013; Krack, Matthias/D-1802-2009 OI VandeVondele, Joost/0000-0002-0902-5111; Krack, Matthias/0000-0002-2082-7027 NR 62 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 19 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 2 BP 640 EP 646 DI 10.1021/jp0535947 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 003RJ UT WOS:000234699000032 PM 16405336 ER PT J AU Iordanov, TD Schenter, GK Garrett, BC AF Iordanov, TD Schenter, GK Garrett, BC TI Sensitivity analysis of thermodynamic properties of liquid water: A general approach to improve empirical potentials SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID TRANSFERABLE INTERACTION MODELS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS; EWALD SUMMATION; VAPOR INTERFACE; 1ST PRINCIPLES; HEAT-CAPACITY; CLUSTERS; CONSTANT; DIMER AB A sensitivity analysis of bulk water thermodynamics is presented in an effort to understand the relation between qualitative features of molecular potentials and properties that they predict. The analysis is incorporated in molecular dynamics simulations and investigates the sensitivity of the Helmholtz free energy, internal energy, entropy, heat capacity, pressure, thermal pressure coefficient, and static dielectric constant to components of the potential rather than the parameters of a given functional form. The sensitivities of the properties are calculated with respect to the van der Waals repulsive and the attractive parts, plus short- and long-range Coulomb parts of three four site empirical water potentials: TIP4P, Dang-Chang and TTM2R. The polarization sensitivity is calculated for the polarizable Dang-Chang and TTM2R potentials. This new type of analysis allows direct comparisons of the sensitivities for different potentials that use different functional forms. The analysis indicates that all investigated properties are most sensitive to the van der Waals repulsive, the short-range Coulomb and the polarization components of the potentials. When polarization is included in the potentials, the magnitude of the sensitivity of the Helmholtz free energy, internal energy, and entropy with respect to this part of the potential is comparable in magnitude to the other electrostatic components. In addition similarities in trends of observed sensitivities for nonpolarizable and polarizable potentials lead to the conclusion that the complexity of the model is not of critical importance for the calculation of these thermodynamic properties for bulk water. The van der Waals attractive and the long-range Coulomb sensitivities are relatively small for the entropy, heat capacity, thermal pressure coefficient and the static dielectric constant, while small changes in any of the potential contributions will significantly affect the pressure. The analysis suggests a procedure for modification of the potentials to improve predictions of thermodynamic properties and we demonstrate this general approach for modifying potentials for one of the potentials. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Schenter, GK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 999,Mail Stop K1-83, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM greg.schenter@pnl.gov; bruce.garrett@pnl.gov RI Garrett, Bruce/F-8516-2011; Schenter, Gregory/I-7655-2014 OI Schenter, Gregory/0000-0001-5444-5484 NR 50 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 19 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 2 BP 762 EP 771 DI 10.1021/jp0538868 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 003RJ UT WOS:000234699000047 PM 16405351 ER PT J AU de la Garza, L Saponjic, ZV Dimitrijevic, NM Thurnauer, MC Rajh, T AF de la Garza, L Saponjic, ZV Dimitrijevic, NM Thurnauer, MC Rajh, T TI Surface states of titanium dioxide nanoparticles modified with enediol ligands SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID NANOCRYSTALLINE TIO2 ELECTRODES; CONDUCTION-BAND ELECTRONS; OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRODE; OPTICAL ELECTROCHEMISTRY; ANATASE ELECTRODES; SPECTROSCOPY; ACCUMULATION; COLLOIDS; TRAPS; FILMS AB Control of surface states of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine (dopamine) and 3,4-dihydrophenylacetic acid, which act as ligands to the undercoordinated surface sites (carrier traps), is demonstrated by electrochemical techniques. The deepest traps were found to be most reactive and are selectively removed by the addition of the ligands which enhances the kinetics of electron accumulation in the film. Furthermore, a shift in the Fermi level to more positive potentials was detected for electrodes modified with the negatively charged ligand (3,4-dihydrophenyl acetic acid) compared to that of electrodes modified with the positively charged ligand (dopamine). The presence of the negative charge on the ligand also contributed to the underpotential of hydrogen evolution on 3,4-dihydropheny I acetic acid-modified electrodes. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rajh, T (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM Rajh@anl.gov NR 30 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 4 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JAN 19 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 2 BP 680 EP 686 DI 10.1021/jp054128k PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 003RL UT WOS:000234699200009 PM 16471588 ER PT J AU Mao, YB Kanungo, M Hemraj-Benny, T Wong, SS AF Mao, YB Kanungo, M Hemraj-Benny, T Wong, SS TI Synthesis and growth mechanism of titanate and titania one-dimensional nanostructures self-assembled into hollow micrometer-scale spherical aggregates SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ALKALI TREATMENT; TIO2 NANOTUBES; NANOWIRES; FILMS; RAMAN; NANOCRYSTALS; ORGANIZATION; FABRICATION; ABSORPTION; DANDELIONS AB Three-dimensional, dendritic micrometer-scale spheres of alkali metal hydrogen titanate ID nanostructures (i.e., nanowires and nanotubes) have been generated using a modified hydrothermal technique in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and an alkali metal hydroxide solution. Sea-urchin-like assemblies of these ID nanostructures have been transformed into their hydrogen titanate analogues (lepidocrocite HxTi2-x/(4)square O-x/4(4) (x similar to 0.7, square: vacancy)) by neutralization as well as into their corresponding anatase TiO2 nanostructured counterparts through a moderate high-temperature annealing dehydration process without destroying the 3D hierarchical structural motif. The as-prepared hollow spheres of titanate and titania ID nanostructures have overall diameters, ranging from 0.8 to 1.2 mu m, while the interior of these aggregates are vacuous with a diameter range of 100 to 200 nm. The constituent, component titanate and TiO2 1D nanostructures have a diameter range of 7 +/- 2 nm and lengths of up to several hundred nanometers. A proposed two-stage growth mechanism of these hollow micrometer-scale spheres was supported by time-dependent scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry data. We have also demonstrated that these assemblies are active photocatalysts for the degradation of synthetic Procion Red dye under UV light illumination. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wong, SS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM sswong@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Mao, Yuanbing/D-5580-2009 NR 44 TC 114 Z9 120 U1 7 U2 67 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JAN 19 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 2 BP 702 EP 710 DI 10.1021/jp0544538 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 003RL UT WOS:000234699200012 PM 16471591 ER PT J AU Shanoski, JE Glascoe, EA Harris, CB AF Shanoski, JE Glascoe, EA Harris, CB TI Ligand rearrangement reactions of Cr(CO)(6) in alcohol solutions: Experiment and theory SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; PHOTOGENERATED CR(CO)5(ROH); LINKAGE ISOMERIZATION; HYDRODYNAMIC MODELS; INFRARED-ABSORPTION; ALKANE COMPLEXES; METAL-CARBONYLS; M(CO)6 M=CR; DYNAMICS; SPECTROSCOPY AB The ligand rearrangement reaction of Cr(CO)(6) is studied in a series of alcohol solutions using ultrafast infrared spectroscopy and Brownian dynamics simulations. Excitation with 266 nm light gives Cr(CO)(5) which is quickly solvated by a ligand from the bath. In alcohol solutions, solvation by an alkyl or hydroxyl site can occur; all alkyl bound complexes eventually rearrange to hydroxyl bound complexes. This rearrangement has been described using both an intermolecular (stochastic) and intramolecular (chainwalk) mechanism. Experiments alone do not allow for characterization of the mechanism, and therefore, theoretical calculations were carried out for the first time by modeling the ligand rearrangement as a diffusive walk along a potential defined by the different interaction possibilities. Experiments and simulations were carried out for Cr(CO)(6) in 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutanol, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 2-methylbutanol, and 3-methylbutanol. The trends in the theoretical and experimental rearrangement times are similar for all simulations carried out indicating that the two mechanisms have very similar ensemble behavior when bath effects are taken into account. The nature of the mechanism responsible for motion along the alcohol chain is not of primary importance in isolating the kinetic behavior because of the highly diffusive nature of the reaction. Future experimental and theoretical work will be directed at identifying a definitive assignment of the reaction mechanism. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Chem Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Harris, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JAN 19 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 2 BP 996 EP 1005 DI 10.1021/jp055636x PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 003RL UT WOS:000234699200055 PM 16471634 ER PT J AU Huang, JY Chen, S Wang, ZQ Kempa, K Wang, YM Jo, SH Chen, G Dresselhaus, MS Ren, ZF AF Huang, JY Chen, S Wang, ZQ Kempa, K Wang, YM Jo, SH Chen, G Dresselhaus, MS Ren, ZF TI Superplastic carbon nanotubes - Conditions have been discovered that allow extensive deformation of rigid single-walled nanotubes. SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID STRENGTH; ROUTE; ROPES C1 Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02467 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nanoscale Synth & Characterizat Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Phys Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Huang, JY (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02467 USA. EM huangje@bc.edu RI Huang, Jianyu/C-5183-2008; Chen, Shuo/H-2491-2011; Ren, Zhifeng/B-4275-2014; Chen, Gang/J-1325-2014; Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/F-2249-2010 OI Chen, Shuo/0000-0002-7145-1269; Chen, Gang/0000-0002-3968-8530; Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/0000-0002-7161-2034 NR 11 TC 240 Z9 244 U1 2 U2 74 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 19 PY 2006 VL 439 IS 7074 BP 281 EP 281 DI 10.1038/439281a PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 003LA UT WOS:000234682100032 PM 16421560 ER PT J AU Lawley, S Bentz, W Thomas, AW AF Lawley, S Bentz, W Thomas, AW TI The phases of isospin-asymmetric matter in the two-flavor NJL model SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE effective quark theories; diquark condensation; phase transitions; compact stars ID SUPERCONDUCTING QUARK MATTER; DYNAMICAL MODEL; NUCLEAR-MATTER; NEUTRON-STARS; DENSITY; BARYONS; ANALOGY AB We investigate the phase diagram of isospin-asymmetric matter at T = 0 in the two-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. Our approach describes the single nucleon as a confined quark-diquark state, the saturation properties of nuclear matter at normal densities, and the phase transition to normal or color superconducting quark matter at. higher densities. The resulting equation of state of charge-neutral matter and the structure of compact stars are discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Adelaide, Special Res Ctr Subatom Struct Matter, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Tokai Univ, Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 2591292, Japan. RP Lawley, S (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Special Res Ctr Subatom Struct Matter, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. EM slawley@jlab.org RI Thomas, Anthony/G-4194-2012 OI Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X NR 39 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JAN 19 PY 2006 VL 632 IS 4 BP 495 EP 500 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2005.11.025 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 004BP UT WOS:000234727300010 ER PT J AU Qiu, JW Vitev, I AF Qiu, JW Vitev, I TI Coherent QCD multiple scattering in proton-nucleus collisions SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID HADRONIC SCATTERING; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; POWER CORRECTIONS; COUNTER-EXAMPLE; FRAGMENTATION; FACTORIZATION; MATTER; JETS; AU AB We argue that high energy proton-nucleus (p + A) collisions provide an excellent laboratory for studying nuclear size enhanced parton multiple scattering where power corrections to the leading twist perturbative QCD factorization approach can be systematically computed. We identify and resum these corrections and calculate the centrality- and rapidity-dependent nuclear suppression of single and double inclusive hadron production at moderate transverse momenta. We demonstrate that both spectra and dihadron correlations in p + A reactions are sensitive measures of such dynamical nuclear attenuation effects. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Vitev, I (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jwq@iastate.edu; ivitev@lanl.gov NR 33 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JAN 19 PY 2006 VL 632 IS 4 BP 507 EP 511 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2005.10.073 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 004BP UT WOS:000234727300012 ER EF