FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Liu, C Yun, F Xiao, B Cho, SJ Moon, YT Morkoc, H Abouzaid, M Ruterana, R Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W AF Liu, C Yun, F Xiao, B Cho, SJ Moon, YT Morkoc, H Abouzaid, M Ruterana, R Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W TI Structural analysis of ferromagnetic Mn-doped ZnO thin films deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We report on the structural analysis of ferromagnetic Mn-doped ZnO thin films deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution x-ray diffraction, and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) measurements. The ferromagnetic Mn-doped ZnO film showed magnetization hysteresis at 5 and 300 K. A TEM analysis revealed that the Mn-doped ZnO included a high density of round-shaped cubic and elongated hexagonal MnZn oxide precipitates. The incorporation of Mn caused a large amount of structural disorder in the crystalline columnar ZnO lattice, although the wurtzite crystal structure was maintained. The observed ferromagnetism is discussed based on the structural characteristics indicated by TEM and the behavior of Mn when it is substituted into a ZnO lattice derived from RBS measurements. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. ENSICAEN, CNRS, UMR 6176, SIFCOM, F-14050 Caen, France. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM cliu@vcu.edu RI Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012 OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642 NR 10 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 12 AR 126107 DI 10.1063/1.1941465 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 942JG UT WOS:000230278100128 ER PT J AU Sharp, ID Xu, Q Liao, CY Yi, DO Beeman, JW Liliental-Weber, Z Yu, KM Zakharov, DN Ager, JW Chrzan, DC Haller, EE AF Sharp, ID Xu, Q Liao, CY Yi, DO Beeman, JW Liliental-Weber, Z Yu, KM Zakharov, DN Ager, JW Chrzan, DC Haller, EE TI Stable, freestanding Ge nanocrystals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOEMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; GERMANIUM NANOCRYSTALS; RAMAN-SPECTRA; SILICON; FILMS; MICROCRYSTALS; SCATTERING; OXIDATION; GROWTH; STATES AB Freestanding Ge nanocrystals that are stable under ambient conditions have been synthesized in a two-step process. First, nanocrystals with a mean diameter of 5 nm are grown in amorphous SiO2 by ion implantation followed by thermal annealing. The oxide matrix is then removed by selective etching in diluted HF to obtain freestanding nanocrystals on a Si wafer. After etching, nanocrystals are retained on the surface and the size distribution is not significantly altered. Freestanding nanocrystals are stable under ambient atmospheric conditions, suggesting formation of a self-limiting native oxide layer. For freestanding as opposed to embedded Ge nanocrystals, an additional amorphouslike contribution to the Raman spectrum is observed and is assigned to surface reconstruction-induced disordering of near-surface atoms. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM eehaller@lbl.gov RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012; Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; Sharp, Ian/I-6163-2015; Zakharov, Dmitri/F-4493-2014 OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Sharp, Ian/0000-0001-5238-7487; NR 24 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 12 AR 124316 DI 10.1063/1.1942629 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 942JG UT WOS:000230278100101 ER PT J AU Shkrob, IA Oulianov, DA Crowell, RA Pommeret, S AF Shkrob, IA Oulianov, DA Crowell, RA Pommeret, S TI Frequency-domain 'single-shot' ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy using chirped laser pulses (vol 96, pg 25, 2004) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CEA Saclay, Direct Sci Matier, Dept Rech Etat Condense Atomes & Mol,CNRS, Serv Chim Mol,Unite Rech Associee 331, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Shkrob, IA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM shkrob@anl.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 12 AR 129901 DI 10.1063/1.1941251 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 942JG UT WOS:000230278100130 ER PT J AU Sun, Y Liu, Z Machuca, F Pianetta, P Spicer, WE AF Sun, Y Liu, Z Machuca, F Pianetta, P Spicer, WE TI Optimized cleaning method for producing device quality InP(100) surfaces SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HCL SOLUTIONS; INP SURFACES; PHOTOEMISSION AB A very effective, two-step chemical etching method to produce clean InP(100) surfaces when combined with thermal annealing has been developed. The hydrogen peroxide/sulfuric acid-based solutions, which are successfully used to clean GaAs(100) surfaces, leave a significant amount of residual oxide on the InP surface which cannot be removed by thermal annealing. Therefore, a second chemical etching step is needed to remove the oxide. We found that strong acid solutions with HCl or H2SO4 are able to remove the surface oxide and leave the InP surface passivated with elemental P which is, in turn, terminated with H. This yields a hydrophobic surface and allows for lower temperatures to be used during annealing. We also determined that the effectiveness of oxide removal is strongly dependent on the concentration of the acid. Surfaces cleaned by HF solutions were also studied and result in a hydrophilic surface with F-terminated surface In atoms. The chemical reactions leading to the differences in behavior between InP and GaAs are analyzed and the optimum cleaning method for InP is discussed. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Sun, Y (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM ssun@slac.stanford.edu RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009; Liu, Zhi/B-3642-2009 OI Liu, Zhi/0000-0002-8973-6561 NR 20 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 12 AR 124902 DI 10.1063/1.1935745 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 942JG UT WOS:000230278100113 ER PT J AU Toginho, DO Dias, IFL Laureto, E Duarte, JL Lourenco, SA Pocas, LC Prabhu, SS Klem, J AF Toginho, DO Dias, IFL Laureto, E Duarte, JL Lourenco, SA Pocas, LC Prabhu, SS Klem, J TI Quasi-donor-acceptor pair transitions in GaAsSb and AlGaAsSb on InP SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; DISTRIBUTED BRAGG REFLECTORS; SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; HIGH REFLECTIVITY; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE BANDS; OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS; MIRROR; GASB; GROWTH AB We identify quasi-donor-acceptor pair transitions in the photoluminescence spectra of GaAsSb and AlGaAsSb layers, lattice matched to InP, and grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. These alloys show compositional inhomogeneity due to phase separation resulting from miscibility gaps. The presence of Al in the quaternary alloy increases the fluctuation of the electrostatic potential in the epitaxial layer, increasing the variation of recombination energy as a function of intensity excitation in the range of low temperatures. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Estadual Londrina, Dept Fis, BR-86051970 Londrina, Parana, Brazil. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Toginho, DO (reprint author), Univ Estadual Londrina, Dept Fis, CP6001, BR-86051970 Londrina, Parana, Brazil. EM darit@uel.br; idias@uel.br RI DUARTE, JOSE/A-4101-2013; Pocas, Luiz Carlos/F-7432-2016 NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 12 AR 123702 DI 10.1063/1.1923588 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 942JG UT WOS:000230278100057 ER PT J AU Torquato, S Donev, A Evans, AG Brinker, CJ AF Torquato, S Donev, A Evans, AG Brinker, CJ TI Manufacturable extremal low-dielectric, high-stiffness porous materials SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; SILICA; CONDUCTIVITY; MEDIA; MODULUS; BOUNDS; FILMS AB The drive toward increased semiconductor device densities and improved performance has set in motion the search for low-dielectric-constant materials. While introducing porosity in silica holds promise for reducing the dielectric constant, it remains elusive how to accomplish this without seriously degrading the thermomechanical performance. This article demonstrates a contemporary protocol for materials by design. Applying rigorous cross-property relations, we identify the extremal porous material structure that possesses the desired reduction in the dielectric constant while providing the highest possible stiffness for any given level of porosity. This structural design is crucial to the integration of porous low-dielectric materials into microelectronics and should serve as a guide to future synthetic efforts. Using recently developed self-assembly techniques, we also demonstrate that structures approaching the optimal one can be fabricated. Importantly, our procedure can be applied to general material design problems. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, PRISM, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Program Appl & Computat Math, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr Microengineered Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM torquato@princeton.edu NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 12 AR 124103 DI 10.1063/1.1929854 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 942JG UT WOS:000230278100081 ER PT J AU Aguirre, F Pratt, ST AF Aguirre, F Pratt, ST TI Photoionization of vibrationally hot CH3 and CF3 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOFRAGMENT TRANSLATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; CROSS-SECTIONS; RECOIL ANISOTROPY; A-BAND; 248 NM; 266-NM PHOTODISSOCIATION; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTRA; REFLECTION PRINCIPLE; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; TRIATOMIC-MOLECULES AB Vibrationally hot CH3 and CF3 were produced by the 266 nm photodissociation of CH3I and CF3I, respectively, and probed by single-photon ionization at 118 nm. Comparison of the ion images of the CH3 and CF3 fragments with those of the complementary I atoms, and with previous measurements of the product branching fractions, allowed the determination of the relative photoion yields as a function of the vibrational energy of the molecular radical. Some general ideas about the internal-energy dependence of photoionization cross sections are also discussed. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Aguirre, F (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 68 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 23 AR 234303 DI 10.1063/1.1931507 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 939RZ UT WOS:000230091400014 PM 16008437 ER PT J AU Chao, SD Kress, JD Redondo, A AF Chao, SD Kress, JD Redondo, A TI Coarse-grained rigid blob model for soft matter simulations SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; MULTISCALE; POLYMERS AB We have developed a coarse-grained multiscale molecular simulation method for soft matter systems that directly incorporates stereochemical information. We divide the material into disjoint groups of atoms or particles that move as separate rigid bodies; we call these groups "rigid blobs," hence the name coarse-grained rigid blob model. The method is enabled by the construction of transferable interblob potentials that approximate the net intermolecular interactions, as obtained from ab initio electronic structure calculations, other all-atom empirical potentials, experimental data, or any combination of the above. We utilize a multipolar expansion to obtain the interblob potential-energy functions. The series, which contains controllable approximations that allow us to estimate the errors, approaches the original intermolecular potential as the number of terms increases. Using a novel numerical algorithm, we can calculate the interblob potentials very efficiently in terms of a few interaction moment tensors. This reduces the labor well beyond what is required in standard molecular-dynamics calculations and allows large-scale simulations for temporal scales commensurate with characteristic times of nano- and mesoscale systems. A detailed derivation of the formulas is presented, followed by illustrative applications to several systems showing that the method can effectively capture realistic microscopic details and can easily extend to large-scale simulations. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Redondo, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM redondo@lanl.gov NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 23 AR 234912 DI 10.1063/1.1938193 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 939RZ UT WOS:000230091400069 PM 16008492 ER PT J AU Shiryayev, A Pagan, DL Gunton, JD Rhen, DS Saxena, A Lookman, T AF Shiryayev, A Pagan, DL Gunton, JD Rhen, DS Saxena, A Lookman, T TI Role of solvent for globular proteins in solution SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL SOLUTION TEMPERATURES; PHASE COEXISTENCE; MOLECULAR SIMULATION; POLYMER-SOLUTIONS; CRYSTALLIZATION; MODEL; INTEGRATION; SOLUBILITY AB The properties of the solvent affect the behavior of the solution. We propose a model that accounts for the contribution of the solvent free energy to the free energy of globular proteins in solution. For the case of an attractive square-well potential, we obtain an exact mapping of the phase diagram of this model without solvent to the model that includes the solute-solvent contribution. In particular we find for appropriate choices of parameters upper critical points, lower critical points, and even closed loops with both upper and lower critical points similar to those found before [Macromolecules 36, 5843 (2003)]. In the general case of systems whose interactions are not attractive square wells, this mapping procedure can be a first approximation to understand the phase diagram in the presence of solvent. We also present simulation results for both the square-well model and a modified Lennard-Jones model. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lehigh Univ, Dept Phys, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shiryayev, A (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Phys, Bldg 16, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 23 AR 234911 DI 10.1063/1.1931655 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 939RZ UT WOS:000230091400068 PM 16008491 ER PT J AU Striolo, A Chialvo, AA Gubbins, KE Cummings, PT AF Striolo, A Chialvo, AA Gubbins, KE Cummings, PT TI Water in carbon nanotubes: Adsorption isotherms and thermodynamic properties from molecular simulation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY; ACTIVATED CARBONS; PHASE COEXISTENCE; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; SUPERCRITICAL WATER; NANOPORES; MODEL; MICROTUBULES; SENSITIVITY; HYSTERESIS AB Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations are performed to study the adsorption of water in single-walled (6:6), (8:8), (10:10), (12:12), and (20:20) carbon nanotubes in the 248-548 K temperature range. At room temperature the resulting adsorption isotherms in (10:10) and wider single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNs) are characterized by negligible water uptake at low pressures, sudden and complete pore filling once a threshold pressure is reached, and wide adsorption/desorption hysteresis loops. The width of the hysteresis loops decreases as pore diameter narrows and it becomes negligible for water adsorption in (8:8) and (6:6) SWCNs. Results for the isosteric heat of adsorption, density profiles along the pore axis and across the pore radii, order parameter across the pore radii, and x-ray diffraction patterns are presented. Layered structures are observed when the internal diameter of the nanotubes is commensurate to the establishment of a hydrogen-bonded network. The structure of water in (8:8) and (10:10) SWCNs is ordered when the temperature is 298 and 248 K, respectively. By simulating adsorption isotherms at various temperatures, the hysteresis critical temperature, e.g., the lowest temperature at which no hysteresis can be detected, is determined for water adsorbed in (20:20), (12:12), and (10:10) SWCNs. The hysteresis critical temperature is lower than the vapor-liquid critical temperature for bulk Simple Point Charge-Extended (SPC/E) water model. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Riddick Labs 113, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Striolo, A (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM alberto.striolo@Vanderbilt.Edu RI Striolo, Alberto/G-2926-2011; Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 70 TC 132 Z9 133 U1 5 U2 45 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 23 AR 234712 DI 10.1063/1.1924697 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 939RZ UT WOS:000230091400055 PM 16008478 ER PT J AU Holland, MM Bitz, CM Hunke, EC AF Holland, MM Bitz, CM Hunke, EC TI Mechanisms forcing an antarctic dipole in simulated sea ice and surface ocean conditions SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE SYSTEM MODEL; CIRCUMPOLAR WAVE; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; THICKNESS DISTRIBUTION; CIRCULATION; VARIABILITY; DYNAMICS; ATMOSPHERE; IMPACT; EXTENT AB The mechanisms forcing variability in Southern Ocean sea ice and sea surface temperature from 600 years of a control climate coupled model integration are discussed. As in the observations, the leading mode of simulated variability exhibits a dipole pattern with positive anomalies in the Pacific sector associated with negative anomalies in the Atlantic. It is found that in the Pacific ocean circulation changes associated with variable wind forcing modify the ocean heat flux convergence and sea ice transport, resulting in sea surface temperature and sea ice anomalies. The Pacific ice and ocean anomalies persist over a number of years due to reductions in ocean shortwave absorption reinforcing the initial anomalies. In the Atlantic sector, no single process dominates in forcing the anomalies. Instead there are contributions from changing ocean and sea ice circulation and surface heat fluxes. While the absorbed solar radiation in the Atlantic is modified by the changing surface albedo, the anomalies are much shorter-lived than in the Pacific because the ocean circulation transports them northward, removing them from ice formation regions. Sea ice and ocean anomalies associated with the El Nino-Southern Oscillation and the Southern Annular Mode both exhibit a dipole pattern and contribute to the leading mode of ice and ocean variability. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Polar Sci Ctr, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Fluid Dynam Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Holland, MM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM mholland@ucar.edu RI Bitz, Cecilia/S-8423-2016 OI Bitz, Cecilia/0000-0002-9477-7499 NR 45 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 18 IS 12 BP 2052 EP 2066 DI 10.1175/JCLI3396.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 941FB UT WOS:000230199600013 ER PT J AU Einsla, BR Kim, YS Hickner, MA Hong, YT Hill, ML Pivovar, BS McGrath, JE AF Einsla, BR Kim, YS Hickner, MA Hong, YT Hill, ML Pivovar, BS McGrath, JE TI Sulfonated naphthalene dianhydride based polyimide copolymers for proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells II. Membrane properties and fuel cell performance SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE direct copolymerization; sulfonated polyimide; ionomer; fuel cell performance; methanol permeability ID POLY(ARYLENE ETHER SULFONE); RANDOM STATISTICAL COPOLYMERS; DIRECT POLYMERIZATION; CONDUCTING MEMBRANE; ACID; STABILITY; WATER; POLYELECTROLYTES; TECHNOLOGIES AB Selected properties of two series of sulfonated naphthalene dianhydride based polyimide copolymers were studied to assess their potential for fuel cell applications. The copolyimides were synthesized in m-cresol from a novel disulfonated diamine 3,3'-disulfonic acid-bis[4-(3-aminophenoxy)phenyl]sulfone (SA-DADPS), 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (NDA), and one of two nonsulfonated diamines (4,4'-oxydianiline (ODA) or bis[4-(3-aminophenoxy)phenyl] sulfone (m-BAPS)). Both systems produced tough, ductile cast films. The membrane parameters studied include water sorption, proton conductivity, water stability, methanol permeability and direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) performance. It was found that the molecular structure of the nonsulfonated diamine significantly influenced the hydrolytic stability of the membrane in water at 80&DEG; C. However, the water sorption and proton conductivity were primarily a function of the ion exchange capacity (IEC) and were independent of the structure of the nonsulfonated diamine. The copolyimide membranes utilizing m-BAPS as the nonsulfonated diamine displayed the best water stability at 80&DEG; C. Unfortunately, the best hydrolytic stability achieved was still much lower than Nation or analogous poly(arylene ether)s. At relatively high ion exchange capacities, the proton conductivities of the polyimides in water at 30&DEG; C were equivalent to Nation 1135. An IEC of &SIM; 1.9 (BAPS-80, ODA-70) was necessary to provide conductivities close to 0.1 S/cm in water at 30&DEG; C. It was demonstrated that the proton conductivity of the membranes increased at elevated temperature and high relative humidity. The initial DMFC performance of several copolyimides was investigated, and it was found that these membranes had much lower methanol permeability and performed comparably to Nation 117 over short-term testing at 80&DEG; C. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Macromol & Interfaces Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST11, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. KRICT, Taejon 305600, South Korea. RP McGrath, JE (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Macromol & Interfaces Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jmcgrath@vt.edu NR 41 TC 160 Z9 161 U1 4 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 255 IS 1-2 BP 141 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2005.01.030 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 931WZ UT WOS:000229517500015 ER PT J AU Hemesath, E Corrales, LR AF Hemesath, E Corrales, LR TI Sensitivity of structural results to initial configurations and quench algorithms of lead silicate glass SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Michael Weinberg Symposium CY OCT 24-25, 2003 CL Tucson, AZ ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; PBO-SIO2; SURFACE; SYSTEM AB The sensitivity of resulting structures to starting configurations and quench algorithms were characterized using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The classical potential model introduced by Damodaran, Rao, and Rao (DRR) Phys. Chem. Glasses 31 (1990) 212 for lead silicate glass was used. Glasses were prepared using five distinct initial configurations and four glass forming algorithms. In previous MD work of bulk lead silicate glasses the ability of this potential model to provide good structural results were established by comparing to experimental results. Here the sensitivity of the results to the simulation methodology and the persistence of clustering with attention to details of molecular structure are determined. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Coe Coll, Dept Phys, Cedar Rapids, IA 52402 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Corrales, LR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K8-91, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rene.corrales@pnl.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 351 IS 18 BP 1522 EP 1531 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2005.03.030 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 938HA UT WOS:000229989300006 ER PT J AU Schneider, BI Collins, LA AF Schneider, BI Collins, LA TI The discrete variable method for the solution of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Michael Weinberg Symposium CY OCT 24-25, 2003 CL Tucson, AZ ID QUANTUM-MECHANICS; STATISTICAL PHYSICS; REPRESENTATION; PROPAGATION; EXCITATION; FORMULA AB A solution of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation (TDSE) is required in a variety of problems in physics and chemistry. These include atoms and molecules in time dependent electromagnetic fields, a variety of atomic collision problems and in describing the behavior of materials subjected to internal and external forces. In many situations, especially at the nanoscale level, the evolution of the physical system occurs over multiple length and time scales and a computationally efficient approach is a necessity to make progress. Here we explore and compare, for both accuracy and efficiency, a number of methods to discretize and to propagate solutions to the Schrodinger equation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Sci Fdn, Div Phys, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Grp T4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schneider, BI (reprint author), Natl Sci Fdn, Div Phys, 4201 Wilson Blvd, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. EM bschneid@nsf.gov; lac@t4.lanl.gov NR 20 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 351 IS 18 BP 1551 EP 1558 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2005.03.028 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 938HA UT WOS:000229989300009 ER PT J AU Wenzl, H Baring-Gould, I Kaiser, R Liaw, BY Lundsager, P Manwell, J Ruddell, A Svoboda, V AF Wenzl, H Baring-Gould, I Kaiser, R Liaw, BY Lundsager, P Manwell, J Ruddell, A Svoboda, V TI Life prediction of batteries for selecting the technically most suitable and cost effective battery SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Lead Battery Conference CY SEP 21-24, 2004 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Lead Dev Assoc Int DE battery life prediction; modelling; simulation; end-of-life criteria; electrochemical model; equivalent circuit model ID LEAD-ACID-BATTERIES; SYSTEMS; SIMULATION; MODEL AB It is necessary to be able to predict the lifetime of a battery in target applications in order to make sound technical and commercial decisions at the system design stage. In general, accurate lifetime prediction requires more than knowledge of ageing processes and the availability of battery models. A concise procedure linking user requirements, operating regimes and operating conditions of batteries to ageing processes and loss of performance has to be used. Quantified end-of-life criteria have to be defined with the details of the application requirements in mind. To verify lifetime prediction models it is necessary to have data of the battery when new and immediately before replacement, results of post mortem analysis and detailed data of the operation. This paper describes a procedure that can be used for lifetime prediction, outlines some of the requirements for a prediction and discusses the principles of battery models and their potential use for lifetime prediction. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Beratung Batterien & Energietech, D-37520 Osterode, Germany. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Fraunhofer Inst Solar Energy Syst, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Electrochem Power Syst Lab, Hawaii Nat Energy Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Riso Natl Lab, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Council Cent Lab, Res Councils, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Wenzl, H (reprint author), Beratung Batterien & Energietech, Bergwaldchen 27, D-37520 Osterode, Germany. EM heinz.wenzl@t-online.de; ian-baring-gould@nrel.gov; kaiser@ise.fhg.de; bliaw@hawaii.edu; per.lundsager@risoe.dk; manwell@ecs.umass.edu; alan.ruddell@rl.ac.uk; vojtech.svoboda@v-sv.com NR 23 TC 64 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 144 IS 2 BP 373 EP 384 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.11.045 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 941PW UT WOS:000230227700011 ER PT J AU Bryantsev, VS Hay, BP AF Bryantsev, VS Hay, BP TI Are C-H groups significant hydrogen bonding sites in anion receptors? Benzene complexes with Cl-, NO3-, and ClO4- SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DOT-CENTER-DOT; SYNTHETIC RECEPTORS; WATER CLUSTERS; BASIS-SETS; HIGHLIGHTS; EXCHANGE; ION; RECOGNITION; FLUORESCENT; EQUILIBRIA C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hay, BP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ben.hay@pnl.gov RI Bryantsev, Vyacheslav/M-5111-2016 OI Bryantsev, Vyacheslav/0000-0002-6501-6594 NR 46 TC 121 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 23 BP 8282 EP 8283 DI 10.1021/ja0518272 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 935AM UT WOS:000229751100025 PM 15941251 ER PT J AU Lee, K Jockusch, S Turro, NJ French, RH Wheland, RC Lemon, MF Braun, AM Widerschpan, T Dixon, DA Li, J Ivan, M Zimmerman, P AF Lee, K Jockusch, S Turro, NJ French, RH Wheland, RC Lemon, MF Braun, AM Widerschpan, T Dixon, DA Li, J Ivan, M Zimmerman, P TI 157 nm pellicles (thin films) for photolithography: Mechanistic investigation of the VUV and UV-C photolysis of fluorocarbons SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; POLY(TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE-CO-PERFLUOROMETHYL VINYL ETHER); INHOMOGENEOUS ELECTRON-GAS; RADIATION-CHEMISTRY; IONIZING-RADIATION; CORRELATION-ENERGY; BOND-ENERGIES; BASIS-SETS; APPROXIMATION; EXCHANGE AB The use of 157 nm as the next lower wavelength for photolithography for the production of semiconductors has created a need for transparent and radiation-durable polymers for use in soft pellicles, the polymer films which protect the chip from particle deposition. The most promising materials for pellicles are fluorinated polymers, but currently available fluorinated polymers undergo photodegradation and/or photodarkening upon long term exposure to 157 nm irradiation. To understand the mechanism of the photodegradation and photodarkening of fluorinated polymers, mechanistic studies on the photolysis of liquid model fluorocarbons, including perfluorobutylethyl ether and perfluoro-2H-3-oxa-heptane, were performed employing UV, NMR, FTIR, GC, and GC/MS analyses. All hydrogen-containing compounds showed decreased photostability compared to the fully perfluorinated compounds. Irradiation in the presence of atmospheric oxygen showed reduced photostability compared to deoxygenated samples. Photolysis of the samples was performed at 157, 172, 185, and 254 nm and showed only minor wavelength dependence. Mechanisms for photodegradation of the fluorocarbons are proposed, which involve Rydberg excited states. Time-dependent density functional theory has been used to predict the excitation spectra of model compounds. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. DuPont Co Inc, Cent Res & Dev, Expt Stn, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Lehrstuhl Umweltmesstech, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Ottawa, Dept Chem, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. Int SEMATECH, Austin, TX 78741 USA. RP Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM njt3@columbia.edu; paul.zimmerman@intel.com RI French, Roger/E-1986-2011; Li, Jun/E-5334-2011 OI French, Roger/0000-0002-6162-0532; Li, Jun/0000-0002-8456-3980 NR 56 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 23 BP 8320 EP 8327 DI 10.1021/ja0440654 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 935AM UT WOS:000229751100039 PM 15941265 ER PT J AU Lee, HS Choi, CH Gordon, MS AF Lee, HS Choi, CH Gordon, MS TI Cycloaddition isomerizations of adsorbed 1,3-cyclohexadiene on Si(100)-2x1 surface: First neighbor interactions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MM3 FORCE-FIELD; DEGENERATE PERTURBATION-THEORY; DIELS-ALDER REACTIONS; MOLECULAR-MECHANICS; SI(001) SURFACE; SILICON(001) SURFACE; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; ADSORPTION; ACETYLENE; HYDROCARBONS AB The initial and subsequent surface reaction mechanisms of 1,3-cyclohexadiene on the Si(100)-2x1 surface were theoretically explored, focusing on the possible first-neighbor interactions. Five different initial reaction channels leading to nine different surface products were identified, confirming previous experimental reports of inter-dimer structures. Among the nine identified products, five of these surface products are new species that have not previously been reported. Potential energy surface studies reveal that the net reaction barriers within a given channel are very small, indicating that the final product distributions within that channel are determined by thermodynamics. On the other hand, thermal isomerizations between different channels are not expected to occur easily. Therefore, the surface product distributions among the five different channels are more likely to be determined by kinetics. As a result, understanding the relationships among the available reaction channels both kinetically and thermodynamically is essential for properly interpreting the experimental results. The current study shows that the subsequent surface chemical reactions of unsaturated initial surface products are strongly coupled with the first-neighbor interactions. C1 Kyungpook Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Dept Chem, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Choi, CH (reprint author), Kyungpook Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Dept Chem, Taegu 702701, South Korea. EM cchoi@knu.ac.kr; mark@si.fi.ameslab.gov NR 51 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 23 BP 8485 EP 8491 DI 10.1021/ja050568d PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 935AM UT WOS:000229751100057 PM 15941283 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Agnew, SR Bourke, MAM Holden, TM Vogel, SC Tome, CN AF Brown, DW Agnew, SR Bourke, MAM Holden, TM Vogel, SC Tome, CN TI Internal strain and texture evolution during deformation twinning in magnesium SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE deformation twin; neutron diffraction; internal straw; magnesium; hcp ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; MECHANICAL RESPONSE; SLIP; ALLOYS; POLYCRYSTALS; TEMPERATURE; ZIRCALOY-2; SIMULATION; ZIRCONIUM; STRESSES AB The development of a twinned microstructure in hexagonal close-packed rolled magnesium compressed in the in-plane direction has been monitored in situ with neutron diffraction. The continuous conversion of the parent to daughter microstructure is tracked through the variation of diffraction peak intensities corresponding to each. Approximately 80% of the parent microstructure twins by 8% compression. Elastic lattice strain measurements indicate that the stress in the newly formed twins (daughters) is relaxed relative to the stress field in the surrounding matrix. However, since the daughters are in a plastically "hard" deformation orientation, they quickly accumulate elastic strain as surrounding grains deform plastically. Polycrystal modeling of the deformation process provides insight about the crystallographic deformation mechanism involved. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. No Stress Technol, Deep River, ON K0J 1PO, Canada. RP Brown, DW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS-H805,Bldg 622,TA-53, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dbrown@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Barsoum, Michel/I-2842-2012; Tome, Carlos/D-5058-2013; OI Barsoum, Michel/0000-0001-7800-3517; Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361 NR 33 TC 255 Z9 259 U1 12 U2 88 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 399 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.02.016 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 946QW UT WOS:000230588300001 ER PT J AU Haran, JC Mahesh, S Ustundag, E Beyerlein, IJ Swift, GA Clausen, B Brown, DW Bourke, MAM AF Haran, JC Mahesh, S Ustundag, E Beyerlein, IJ Swift, GA Clausen, B Brown, DW Bourke, MAM TI Strain evolution after fiber failure in a single-fiber metal matrix composite under cyclic loading SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE metal matrix composites; neutron diffraction; micromechanical events; interface shear; composite deformation; fiber failure ID STRESS REDISTRIBUTION; REINFORCED COMPOSITES; RESIDUAL-STRESS; INTERFACE; DAMAGE AB The evolution of in situ elastic strain with cyclic tensile loading in each phase of a single Al2O3-fiber/aluminum-matrix composite was studied using neutron diffraction (ND). An analytical model appropriate for metal matrix composites (MMCs) was developed to connect the measured axial strain evolution in each phase with the possible micromechanical events that could occur during loading at room temperature: fiber fracture, interfacial slipping, and matrix plastic deformation. Model interpretation showed that the elastic strain evolution in the fiber and matrix was governed by fiber fracture and interface slipping and not by plastic deformation of the matrix, whereas the macroscopic stress-strain response of the composite was influenced by all three. The combined single-fiber composite model and ND experiment introduces a new and quick engineering approach for qualifying the micromechanical response in MMCs due to cyclic loading and fiber fracture. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Dept Mat Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Haran, JC (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Tulsa, OK 74106 USA. EM jay.hanan@okstate.edu; ersan@caltech.edu RI Ustundag, Ersan/C-1258-2009; Clausen, Bjorn/B-3618-2015 OI Ustundag, Ersan/0000-0002-0812-7028; Clausen, Bjorn/0000-0003-3906-846X NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 399 IS 1-2 BP 33 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.02.018 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 946QW UT WOS:000230588300004 ER PT J AU Ice, GE Larson, BC Tischler, JZ Liu, W Yang, W AF Ice, GE Larson, BC Tischler, JZ Liu, W Yang, W TI X-ray microbeam measurements of subgrain stress distributions in polycrystalline materials SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE X-ray microbeam; polycrystalline materials; strain tensor ID RESOLUTION; TEXTURE; STRAINS AB Three-dimensional (3D) measurements of strain tensor distributions with subgrain resolution are now possible due to an emerging class of instrumentation: the 3D X-ray crystal microscopes. These instruments combine ultra-intense synchrotron X-ray sources and advanced X-ray optics to probe polycrystalline materials with submicron spatial resolution. By employing polychromatic X-ray beams and a virtual pinhole camera method, called differential aperture microscopy, 3D distributions of the local crystalline phase, orientation (local texture) and elastic and plastic strain tensor distributions can be measured with resolution below the grain size of Most materials. The elastic strain tensor elements can typically be determined with uncertainties less than 100ppm in brittle materials. Orientations can be quantified to similar to 0.01' and the local unpaired dislocation density can be measured in ductile materials. Efforts are underway to improve the spatial resolution and increase the depth probed. Because the 3D X-ray crystal microscope is a penetrating nondestructive tool, it is ideal for studies of mesoscale structural evolution in materials. The unprecedented information that can be obtained with this new class of instrumentation is certain to advance our understanding of the materials physics underpinning the behavior of polycrystalline materials. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ice, GE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,Bldg 4500S,MS-6118, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM icege@ornl.gov RI Yang, Wenge/H-2740-2012 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 399 IS 1-2 BP 43 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.02.035 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 946QW UT WOS:000230588300005 ER PT J AU Larsson, C Holden, TM Bourke, MAM Stout, M Teague, J Lindgren, LE AF Larsson, C Holden, TM Bourke, MAM Stout, M Teague, J Lindgren, LE TI Measurement and modeling of residual stress in a welded Haynes (R) 25 cylinder SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE neutron diffraction; finite element; weld; residual stress; cobalt; Haynes (R) 25 ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; SIMULATION; STRAIN AB An experimental and simulation study of residual stresses was made in the vicinity of a gas tungsten arc weld, used to join a hemispherical end cap to a cylinder. The capped cylinder is used in a satellite application and was fabricated from a Co-based Haynese (R) 25 alloy. The cylinder was 34.7 mm in outer diameter and 3.3 mm in thickness. The experimental measurements were made by neutron diffraction and the simulation used the implicit Marc finite element code. The experimental resolution was limited to approximately 3 rum parallel to the axis of the cylinder (the weld was 6 mm in the same direction) and comparison over the same volume of the finite element prediction showed general agreement. Subject to the limited spatial resolution, the largest experimentally measured tensile residual stress was 180 MPa, located at the middle of the weld. However, the predictions suggest that there are regions in the weld where average tensile residual stresses as much as 400 MPa exist. One qualitative disparity between the model and the experiments was that the measurement included a larger degree of asymmetry on either side of the weld than predicted by the model. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Linkoping Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Div Engn Mat, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lulea Univ Technol, Div Comp Aided Design, S-97187 Lulea, Sweden. Dalarna Univ, S-97187 Lulea, Sweden. RP Linkoping Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Div Engn Mat, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. EM clarsson@cfl.rr.com RI Lindgren, Lars-Erik/E-5258-2011 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 399 IS 1-2 BP 49 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.02.026 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 946QW UT WOS:000230588300006 ER PT J AU Rangaswamy, P Griffith, ML Prime, MB Holden, TM Rogge, RB Edwards, JM Sebring, RJ AF Rangaswamy, P Griffith, ML Prime, MB Holden, TM Rogge, RB Edwards, JM Sebring, RJ TI Residual stresses in LENS (R) components using neutron diffraction and contour method SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE neutron diffraction; contour methods; residual stresses; laser engineered net hapin; (LENS (R)) ID INTERGRANULAR STRAINS; STAINLESS-STEEL AB During manufacturing of components by laser engineered net shaping (LENS"). a solid freeform fabrication process. the introduction of residual stresses causes deformation or in the worst case. cracking. The origin is attributed to thermal transients encountered during solidification. In the absence of reliable predictive models for the residual stresses. measurements are necessary. Residual stresses were measured in LENS4 (R) samples of 316 stainless steel and Inconel 718 having simple geometrical shapes by both neutron diffraction and the contour methods. The results by the two Methods are compared and discussed in the context of the growth direction during the LENS" process. Surprisingly, the residual stresses are practically uni-axial. with high stresses in the growth direction, (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Chalk River Labs, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM partha@lanl.gov NR 29 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 5 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 399 IS 1-2 BP 72 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.02.019 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 946QW UT WOS:000230588300009 ER PT J AU Tamura, N Padmore, HA Patel, JR AF Tamura, N Padmore, HA Patel, JR TI High spatial resolution stress measurements using synchrotron based scanning X-ray microdiffraction with white or monochromatic beam SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE X-ray microdiffraction; stress measurements; thin films; electronic packaging ID SOIL FERROMANGANESE NODULES; THIN-FILMS; DIFFRACTION; ELECTROMIGRATION; STRAIN; INTERCONNECTS; DEFORMATION; MESOSCALE; TEXTURE; LINES AB Scanning X-ray microdiffraction (mu SXRD) combines the use of high brilliance synchrotron sources with state-of-the-art achromatic X-ray focusing optics and large area detector technology. Using either white or monochromatic beams, it allows for orientation and strain/stress mapping of polycrystalline thin films with submicron spatial resolution, The present paper will focus on three applications performed at the Advanced Light Source: the study of local plasticity in aluminum thin films. the study of the spontaneous growth of lin whiskers in lead-free solder finish and the measurement of strain field around thin film bucklings. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tamura, N (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ntamura@lbl.gov NR 31 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 399 IS 1-2 BP 92 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.02.033 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 946QW UT WOS:000230588300011 ER PT J AU Tang, F Gnaupel-Herold, T Prask, H Anderson, IE AF Tang, F Gnaupel-Herold, T Prask, H Anderson, IE TI Residual stresses and stress partitioning measurements by neutron diffraction in Al/Al-Cu-Fe composites SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE neutron diffraction; metal matrix composites; residual stresses; load partitioning ID MATRIX COMPOSITES; TENSILE PROPERTIES; POWDERS AB An unalloyed Al matrix was reinforced by spherical Al-Cu-Fe alloy particles, using either.ommercial purity (99.7%) or high purity (99.99%) powders (diameter < 10 mu m) and consolidated by either vacuum hot pressing or quasi-isostatic forging. Unusually pronounced strengthening in this simple metal matrix composite (MMC) system prompted the in situ study of residual stress effects in these samples to understand its possible role in the behavior. Residual stresses were measured in composites reinforced by 15, 20, and 30 vol.% reinforcement particles. Contrary to typical Al/SiC composites, the Al matrix exhibits compressive residual stresses. This unusual stress state may be promoted by a combination of effects including volume expansion of reinforcement particles caused by a phase transformation and the stiffness mismatch between the matrix and reinforcement phases. Matrix/reinforcement load transfer was also studied by neutron diffraction, using an in situ tensile frame. It was found that the load bearing stress ratio of reinforcement and matrix phases increases linearly with the reinforcement volume fraction. The composites produced from metal powders with a thinner oxide surface layer showed higher load transfer efficiency than the composites made from commercially atomized metal powders, as expected from the higher observed strength in the higher purity composites. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tang, F (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tangf@ornl.gov OI Gnaupel-Herold, Thomas/0000-0002-8287-5091 NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 399 IS 1-2 BP 99 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.02.027 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 946QW UT WOS:000230588300012 ER PT J AU Aydiner, CC Ustundag, E Clausen, B Hanan, JC Winholtz, RA Bourke, MAM Peker, A AF Aydiner, CC Ustundag, E Clausen, B Hanan, JC Winholtz, RA Bourke, MAM Peker, A TI Residual stresses in a bulk metallic glass-stainless steel composite SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE neutron diffraction; metallic glassy thermal tempering; residual stress finite element modeling; strain measurement ID DUCTILE PARTICLES; MATRIX COMPOSITES; TUNGSTEN; ZR41.2TI13.8CU12.5NI10.0BE22.5; RELAXATION; TRANSITION; LIQUID; PLATE AB Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are new structural materials with impressive mechanical properties. They can now be cast into large dimensions, which can lead to significant residual stress generation due to thermal tempering. In this process, a surface compression develops balanced with tension in the interior. To evaluate this phenomenon non-destructively, a model cylindrical stainless steel (SS)-BMG composite was prepared and studied using neutron diffraction and finite element (FE) modeling. The residual strain data from the SS obtained by diffraction were used in modeling calculations to show that significant tempering could be achieved in the composite (about -20OMPa surface compression in the SS). The strong bond between the SS and BMG allowed efficient load transfer and facilitated stress generation. The final values of the residual stresses were seen to be relatively insensitive to the high temperature constitutive behavior of the SS due to the physics of the thermal tempering in BMGs. The approach presented here constitutes an effective means to study non-destructively thermal tempering in BMGs. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lujan Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Res Reactor Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Liquidmet Technol, Lake Forest, CA 92630 USA. RP Ustundag, E (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM ustundag@iastate.edu RI Ustundag, Ersan/C-1258-2009; Clausen, Bjorn/B-3618-2015; OI Ustundag, Ersan/0000-0002-0812-7028; Clausen, Bjorn/0000-0003-3906-846X; Aydiner, Cahit/0000-0001-8256-6742 NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 399 IS 1-2 BP 107 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.02.031 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 946QW UT WOS:000230588300013 ER PT J AU Wang, XL Wang, YD Stoica, AD Horton, DJ Tian, H Liaw, PK Choo, H Richardson, JW Maxey, E AF Wang, XL Wang, YD Stoica, AD Horton, DJ Tian, H Liaw, PK Choo, H Richardson, JW Maxey, E TI Inter- and intragranular stresses in cyclically-deformed 316 stainless steel SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE intergranular stresses; neutron diffraction; stainless steel ID SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCE; FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; MERCURY; POLYCRYSTALS; STRAINS AB Neutron diffraction was used to study residual stresses in cyclically-deformed 316 LN stainless steel, The tension-compression high-cycle fatigue tests were conducted in air with a frequency of 0.2 Hz. Large intergranular stresses were found to develop in the stainless steel as a result of elastic and plastic anisotropy. These intergranular stresses started to decrease when micro-cracks were initiated at the surface and vanished when the sample reached failure. Cyclic loading also led to the development of intragranular stresses. as evidenced by the broadening of the diffraction peaks. Analysis of the orientation dependence of the measured peak widths indicates that the immobile dislocations generated by fatigue deformation are mostly edge rather than screw type. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, XL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM wangxl@ornl.gov RI Wang, Xun-Li/C-9636-2010; wang, yandong/G-9404-2013; Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009; Stoica, Alexandru/K-3614-2013 OI Wang, Xun-Li/0000-0003-4060-8777; Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907; Stoica, Alexandru/0000-0001-5118-0134 NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 399 IS 1-2 BP 114 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.02.030 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 946QW UT WOS:000230588300014 ER PT J AU Haeffner, DR Almer, JD Lienert, U AF Haeffner, DR Almer, JD Lienert, U TI The use of high energy X-rays from the Advanced Photon Source to study stresses in materials SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE high energy X-rays; advanced photon source stress; 3-D X-ray microscopes; duplex steel ID DIFFUSE-SCATTERING; DIFFRACTION; POLYCRYSTALS; UNDULATOR; GLASSES; POWDERS; GRAINS; STATE AB High-energy X-rays from third-generation synchrotron sources are opening new opportunities for the Studies of stresses in materials. At the Advanced Photon Source (APS) l-ID beamline, the combination of an undulator and specialized high-energy X-ray optics produces a very brilliant photon beam in the 50-100keV energy range. In this paper. three experiments using this capability are described. In the first the combined effects of residual and applied strain on the austenite and ferrite phases are measured in a duplex steel during deformation. The austenite is seen to yield prior to the ferrite. In the second experiment, high-energy, sniall-angle scattering (HE-SAXS) and wide-angle scattering (WAXS) were used to study a thermal barrier coating. This allowed information to be obtained on the directionality of the pores in this material, as well as on gradients in the crystallographic texture and phase composition, In the final experiment, the behavior of an individual grain of an aluminum alloy was tracked during deformation using a 3-D X-ray microscope, This is the first phase of a project in which we intend to measure many more individual grains to deduce statistically significant effects of grain size, grain orientation, and effect of neighboring grains during deformation processes. The paper also briefly comments on possible future developments for high-energy X-ray sources. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Haeffner, DR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM haeffner@aps.anl.gov RI Dom, Rekha/B-7113-2012 NR 22 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 399 IS 1-2 BP 120 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.02.023 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 946QW UT WOS:000230588300015 ER PT J AU Lee, SY Clausen, B Ustundag, E Choi-Yim, H Aydiner, CC Bourke, MAM AF Lee, SY Clausen, B Ustundag, E Choi-Yim, H Aydiner, CC Bourke, MAM TI Compressive behavior of wire reinforced bulk metallic glass matrix composites SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE bulk metallic glass; composite; neutron diffraction; finite element modeling; uniaxial compression ID TUNGSTEN AB Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) possess a unique set of mechanical properties that make them attractive structural materials. However. when loaded without constraint, BMGs fracture catastrophically due to formation of macroscopic shear bands and this behavior reduces their reliability. To address this issue, BMG matrix composites have been developed. In this investigation. neutron diffraction was used during uniaxial compressive loading to measure the internal strains in the second phases of various BMG composites reinforced with Ta, Mo. or stainless steel wires. The diffraction data were then employed to develop a finite element model that deduced the in situ constitutive behavior of each phase. It was found that the reinforcements yielded first and started transferring load to the matrix. which remained elastic during the whole experiment. While the present composites exhibited enhanced ductility. largely due to their ductile reinforcements. they yielded at applied stresses lower than those found in W reinforced composites. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. CALTECH, Dept Mat Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lujan Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Marine Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ustundag, E (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Ustundag, Ersan/C-1258-2009; Clausen, Bjorn/B-3618-2015 OI Ustundag, Ersan/0000-0002-0812-7028; Clausen, Bjorn/0000-0003-3906-846X NR 20 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 399 IS 1-2 BP 128 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.02.032 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 946QW UT WOS:000230588300016 ER PT J AU Livescu, V Clausen, B Paggett, JW Krawitz, AD Drake, EF Bourke, MAM AF Livescu, V Clausen, B Paggett, JW Krawitz, AD Drake, EF Bourke, MAM TI Measurement and modeling of room temperature co-deformation in WC-10 wt.% Co SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE cemented carbide composites; neutron diffraction; residual strain; in situ co-deformation; FE modeling; thermal residual stresses ID POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND COMPACTS; ELASTIC STRAIN DISTRIBUTIONS; CEMENTED CARBIDE COMPOSITES; RESIDUAL-STRESS; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; NICKEL; METAL AB In situ neutron diffraction measurements were performed on a tungsten carbide (WC)-10 wt.% (Co) cemented carbide composite subjected to compressive loading. The sample was subjected to consecutive load/unload cycles to -500, -1000, -2000 and -2100 MPa. Thermal residual stresses measured before loading reflected large hydrostatic tensile stresses in the binder phase and compressive stresses in the carbide phase. The carbide phase behaved elastically at all but the highest load levels, whereas plasticity was present in the binder phase from values of applied stress as low as -500 MPa. A finite element Simulation utilizing an interpenetrating microstructure model showed remarkable agreement with the complex mean phase strain response during the loading cycles despite its under-prediction of thermal residual strains. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, MST 8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. REEDHycalog TM Grant Prideco, Houston, TX 77252 USA. RP Livescu, V (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, MST 8, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM vlivescu@lanl.gov RI Clausen, Bjorn/B-3618-2015 OI Clausen, Bjorn/0000-0003-3906-846X NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 399 IS 1-2 BP 134 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.02.024 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 946QW UT WOS:000230588300017 ER PT J AU Ma, S Brown, D Bourke, MAM Daymond, MR Majurndar, BS AF Ma, S Brown, D Bourke, MAM Daymond, MR Majurndar, BS TI Microstrain evolution during creep of a high volume fraction superalloy SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE superalloy; creep; diffraction; internal stress; misfit; dislocations ID NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOY; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; INTERNAL-STRESSES; COHERENCY STRAIN; LATTICE MISMATCH; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; GAMMA'-PHASE; DEFORMATION; DIFFRACTION; MISFIT AB The creep of superalloys containing a high volume fraction of gamma' phase is significantly influenced by initial misfit and by the evolution of internal stresses. An in situ neutron diffraction technique was used to monitor elastic microstrains in a polycrystalline superalloy, CM247 LC. The misfit was nearly zero at room temperature and it increased to -0.17% at 900 degrees C. These values are rationalized in terms of thermal mismatch using an eigenstrain formulation and a simple formula is derived to relate the thermal mismatch to the misfit strain. During creep at 425 MPa at 900 degrees C, the material exhibited primarily tertiary behavior. For grains with [00 1] axis close to the loading direction, the elastic microstrain in the loading direction increased with creep time for the gamma' phase, whereas the opposite occurred for the gamma phase. These results are explained in terms of constrained deformation in the narrow gamma channels and by an interface dislocation buildup. TEM analysis of the crept microstructure provides evidence of the interface dislocation network. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Majurndar, BS (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM majumdar@nmt.edu OI Daymond, Mark/0000-0001-6242-7489 NR 29 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 399 IS 1-2 BP 141 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.02.034 PG 13 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 946QW UT WOS:000230588300018 ER PT J AU Singh, A Porter, WD Dahotre, NB AF Singh, A Porter, WD Dahotre, NB TI Thermal transitions in Fe-Ti-Cr-C quaternary system used as precursor during laser in situ carbide coating SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE DSC; carbides; laser surface engineering; precursor; coating ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TITANIUM CARBIDE; COMPOSITE; ALUMINUM; ENERGY; STEEL AB The temperature range of thermal transitions within the quaternary system (Fe, Ti, Cr, and C) and the thermal stability of the evolved phases were studied with the help of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). DSC studies indicated that the major exothermic reactions (formation of carbides) take place within 850-1150 C. The evolved phases (TiC. M7C1, Fe-Cr, and Fe1C) were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD). This multicomponent powder mixture was used as a precursor for synthesizing a composite coating on the surface of steel via laser surface engineering (LSE). The intended wear applications of the coating made thermal stability investigations vital. Experimental evaluation of thermal stability of the phases formed was done. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Proc Grp, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dahotre, NB (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 326 Dougherty Hall,1512 Middle Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ndahotre@utk.edu NR 18 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 399 IS 1-2 BP 318 EP 325 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.04.009 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 946QW UT WOS:000230588300038 ER PT J AU Martin, PM Monzyk, BF Burckle, EC Busch, JR Gilbert, RJ Dasse, KA AF Martin, PM Monzyk, BF Burckle, EC Busch, JR Gilbert, RJ Dasse, KA TI Progress towards development of a photolytic artificial lung SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SVC Smart Materials Symposium CY 2004 CL Dallas, TX SP Soc Vacuum Coaters DE photocatalytic thin film; magnetron sputtering; artificial lung; photoconductivity; chronic lung disease ID MEMBRANE-OXYGENATOR; MANGANESE CLUSTER; TIO2 PARTICLES; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; TRANSPLANTATION; PHOTOCATALYSIS; EXPERIENCE; PLANTS; LIGHT; WATER AB While most chronic diseases are on the decline, medical pulmonary disease is on the increase. The unrelenting nature of chronic lung disease has long energized the pulmonary community to seek technologies to replicate the capacity of the lungs to exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide. While most such artificial lung technologies work by delivering oxygen to the blood through a system of hollow fibers or tubes, our approach employs photolytic energy to generate oxygen from the water already present in blood, thus eliminating the need for gas delivery. To this end, progress in the development of a photolytic artificial lung (PAL) is reported. The device provides photolytically driven electrochemistry for blood oxygenation or for maintenance of breathing air in confined spaces. The device is based on the catalyzed photoactivity of a transition metal oxide such as titanium dioxide (TiO2). Photoactive anatase TiO2 films have been developed for use in a photolytic artificial lung. The PAL is capable of facilitating gas exchange in the blood, thereby bypassing alveolar-capillary interfaces. The device will eventually be used in ex-vitro and in-vitro devices. The direct photolytic process, using UV laser radiation, converts water to liquid phase oxygen (dissolved oxygen), with commensurate reduction of carbon dioxide. The test cell consisted of an indium tin oxide coating, an anatase TiO2 coating (&SIM; 2 μ m thick), and a MnO2 overcoat deposited on fused silicaO(2) interface. Three hundred and fifty-four nanometers UV radiation was incident on the silica/indium tin oxide (ITO) side. Electron-hole pairs were generated in the TiO2 layer by the laser radiation, which catalyzed a redox reaction with water in the blood. The MnO2 was also used as a catalyst to dissolve oxygen in the blood. Oxyhemoglobin increased as much as 90% with this process. The maximum rate of oxygen generation was 1.08 Ml O-2/(M-2 min), thus projecting an alveolar surface area of 75 M-2. We conclude that it is feasible to photolytically oxygenate the hemoglobin contained in whole blood with oxygen derived from the blood's own water content. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Levetron, Levitron Med, Waltham, MA 02451 USA. RP Martin, PM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,MS K3-59, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM peter.martin@pnl.gov NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 119 IS 3 BP 246 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.mseb.2004.12.094 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 932EJ UT WOS:000229536700006 ER PT J AU Wilson, MD AF Wilson, MD TI Bootstrap hypothesis testing and power analysis at low dose levels SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE bootstrap; power analysis; hypothesis testing; incurred radioactive dose ID UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; PROPAGATION; MODELS; ERROR AB This study demonstrates the variability in dose estimates using the nonparametric bootstrap to estimate the variability in the mean dose when mean values from environmental data are used in the dose calculation. Bootstrap hypothesis testing and power analysis are demonstrated. For the data set shown here, the normal assumption works well if the environmental data can be considered fixed, known constants. However, when there exists a good deal of variability in the environmental data, as is most often the case, or where scarce data are available, making a normal assumption leads to gross underestimation of the variability in the mean dose. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. RP Wilson, MD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. EM wilson@srel.edu OI Wilson, Machelle/0000-0003-1734-2755 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 346 IS 1-3 BP 38 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.11.018 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 951DY UT WOS:000230910500003 PM 15993680 ER PT J AU Deb, SK AF Deb, SK TI Dye-sensitized TiO2 thin-film solar cell research at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT World Congress of the International-Solar-Energy-Society CY JUN 14-19, 2003 CL Gothenburg, SWEDEN SP Int Solar Energy Soc DE dye-sensitization; TiO2 solar cells; electron transport; dye-TiO2 interface; photoelectrochromic device ID PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; ZINC-OXIDE; PHOTOCURRENT; SPECTROSCOPY; INJECTION AB The idea of dye-sensitization of inorganic materials has been around for a long time, and a vast amount of literature exists on this subject. The first studies of photoelectrochernical effects in dye-sensitized TiO2 for solar energy conversion were carried out by Deb et al. (Unpublished Report on Project SECSC (Solar Energy Convertion and Storage cell) Optel Corporation, Princeton, NJ, 1975-76), in the mid-1970s. A breakthrough occurred in recent years when Graetzel (Nature 414 (2001) 338) reported a photoelectrochemical solar cell in which a thin film based on nanoparticles of TiO2 was sensitized by a more efficient and stable dye system based on Ru(11)-complexes. Some of the key research issues that are currently being addressed at NREL include: device fabrication and characterization, role of structural properties of TiO2, electron transfer processes, novel ideas on dye-sensitization and light harvesting, and applications in optoelectronic devices. The current status and future direction of research and technology development are discussed. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Deb, SK (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM satyen-deb@nrel.gov NR 26 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 88 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.solmat.2004.09.007 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 937AU UT WOS:000229897700001 ER PT J AU Agarwal, R Binz, T Swaminathan, S AF Agarwal, R Binz, T Swaminathan, S TI Analysis of active site residues of botulinum neurotoxin E by mutational, functional, and structural studies: Glu335Gln is an apoenzyme SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-STATE STABILIZATION; LIGHT-CHAIN; DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; TETANUS TOXIN; ZINC-BINDING; SNARE MOTIF; THERMOLYSIN; PROTEOLYSIS; PROTEASE; DOMAINS AB Clostridial neurotoxins comprising the seven serotypes of botulinum neurotoxins and tetanus neurotoxin are the most potent toxins known to humans. Their potency coupled with their specificity and selectivity underscores the importance in understanding their mechanism of action in order to develop a strategy for designing counter measures against them. To develop an effective vaccine against the toxin, it is imperative to achieve an inactive form of the protein which preserves the overall conformation and immunogenicity. Inactive mutants can be achieved either by targeting active site residues or by modifying the surface charges farther away from the active site. The latter affects the long-range forces such as electrostatic potentials in a subtle way without disturbing the structural integrity of the toxin causing some drastic changes in the activity/environment. Here we report structural and biochemical analysis on several mutations on Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type E light chain with at least two producing dramatic effects: Glu335GIn causes the toxin to transform into a persistent apoenzyme devoid of zinc, and Tyr350Ala has no hydrolytic activity. The structural analysis of several mutants has led to a better understanding of the catalytic mechanism of this family of proteins. The residues forming the S1 ' subsite have been identified by comparing this structure with a thermolysin-inhibitor complex structure. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Hannover Med Sch, Dept Biochem, Hannover, Germany. RP Swaminathan, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM swami@bnl.gov NR 35 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JUN 14 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 23 BP 8291 EP 8302 DI 10.1021/bi050253a PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 934RI UT WOS:000229725500010 PM 15938619 ER PT J AU Cho, SJ Idrobo, JC Olamit, J Liu, K Browning, ND Kauzlarich, SM AF Cho, SJ Idrobo, JC Olamit, J Liu, K Browning, ND Kauzlarich, SM TI Growth mechanisms and oxidation resistance of gold-coated iron nanoparticles SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-LOSS-SPECTROSCOPY; SUPERPARAMAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; SHELL NANOPARTICLES; PASSIVATED IRON; PARTICLES; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOCRYSTALS AB We report the chemical synthesis of Fe-core/Au-shell nanoparticles by a reverse micelle method and the investigation of their growth mechanisms and oxidation-resistant characteristics. The core-shell structure and the presence of the Fe and An phases have been confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Mossbauer spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma techniques. Additionally, atomic-resolution Z-contrast imaging and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) have been used to study details of the growth processes. The An shell grows by nucleating on the Fe-core surface before coalescing. The magnetic moments of such nanoparticles, in the loose powder form, decrease over time due to oxidation. The less than ideal oxidation resistance of the An shell may have been caused by the rough An surfaces. However, in pressed pellet form, electrical transport measurements show that the particles are fairly stable, as the resistance of the pellet does not change appreciably over time. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kauzlarich, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM smkauzlarich@ucdavis.edu RI Liu, Kai/B-1163-2008; Idrobo, Juan/H-4896-2015; OI Liu, Kai/0000-0001-9413-6782; Idrobo, Juan/0000-0001-7483-9034; Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X NR 40 TC 157 Z9 159 U1 7 U2 98 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUN 14 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 12 BP 3181 EP 3186 DI 10.1021/cm0500713 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 934VO UT WOS:000229737300019 ER PT J AU Terranova, ML Orlanducci, S Fiori, A Tamburri, E Sessa, V Rossi, M Barnard, AS AF Terranova, ML Orlanducci, S Fiori, A Tamburri, E Sessa, V Rossi, M Barnard, AS TI Controlled evolution of carbon nanotubes coated by nanodiamond: the realization of a new class of hybrid nanomaterials SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-DEPOSITED DIAMOND; CRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; PHASE-STABILITY; ONE-DIMENSION; GRAPHITE; NUCLEATION; NANOWIRES; GROWTH; NANOSTRUCTURES; HYDROGENATION AB We report a new class of nanostructured carbon materials, which couple nanosized diamond with single-walled carbon nanotubes. This exciting material is being produced in our laboratories in a modified CVD reactor by means of reactions between carbon nanopowders and atomic H. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, and reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) have been used to study samples grown for various deposition times. The information achieved by combined use of these characterization techniques has enabled the construction of a time-growth sequence for the two carbon nanophases and has enlightened the peculiar growth of such hybrid carbon systems. The tubular inner structures are found to be bundles of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) up to 15 mu m long, and the outer deposits consist of well-shaped diamond crystallites with diameters in the 20-100 nm range. The one-step synthesis approach described here provides an experimental route to the production of ordered arrays of rigid nanotubes coated by diamond nanocrystallites. C1 Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Sci & Tecnol Chim, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, MINASlab, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Energet, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Terranova, ML (reprint author), Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Sci & Tecnol Chim, Via Ric Sci, I-00133 Rome, Italy. EM terranova@roma2.infn.it RI Barnard, Amanda/A-7340-2011; TAMBURRI, EMANUELA/M-7740-2015; Rossi, Marco/G-1689-2012 OI Barnard, Amanda/0000-0002-4784-2382; TAMBURRI, EMANUELA/0000-0003-2643-8249; Rossi, Marco/0000-0001-7603-1805 NR 40 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 6 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUN 14 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 12 BP 3214 EP 3220 DI 10.1021/cm0502018 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 934VO UT WOS:000229737300024 ER PT J AU Flemisch, B Puso, MA Wohlmuth, BI AF Flemisch, B Puso, MA Wohlmuth, BI TI A new dual mortar method for curved interfaces: 2D elasticity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE curved interface; mortar method; domain decomposition; linear elasticity ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; CONTACT PROBLEMS; ALGORITHM; IMPACT AB Dual mortar method formulations have shown to be a very effective and efficient way for interfacing (e.g. tying, contacting) dissimilar meshes. On the other hand, we have recently found that they can sometimes perform quite poorly when applied to curved surfaces in some solid mechanics applications. A new modified two-dimensional dual mortar method for piecewise linear finite elements is developed that overcomes this deficiency and is demonstrated on a model problem. Furthermore, mathematical analysis is provided to demonstrate the optimal convergence and stability of the new method. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Stuttgart, Inst Angew Anal & Numer Simulat, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Puso, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM puso@llnl.gov OI Flemisch, Bernd/0000-0001-8188-620X NR 23 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD JUN 14 PY 2005 VL 63 IS 6 BP 813 EP 832 DI 10.1002/nme.1300 PG 20 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 931YC UT WOS:000229520400002 ER PT J AU Zhang, MH Klein, S Randall, D Cederwall, R Del Genio, A AF Zhang, MH Klein, S Randall, D Cederwall, R Del Genio, A TI Introduction to special section on toward reducing cloud-climate uncertainties in atmospheric general circulation models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Editorial Material ID FEEDBACK C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Terr & Planetary Atmospheres, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Zhang, MH (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Terr & Planetary Atmospheres, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM mzhang@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Del Genio, Anthony/D-4663-2012; Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016 OI Del Genio, Anthony/0000-0001-7450-1359; Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 14 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D15 AR D15S01 DI 10.1029/2005JD005923 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 938HG UT WOS:000229989900001 ER PT J AU Bahati, EM Thomas, RD Vane, CR Bannister, ME AF Bahati, EM Thomas, RD Vane, CR Bannister, ME TI Electron-impact dissociation of (DCO+)-C-13 molecular ions to (CO+)-C-13 ions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED-LASER SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH RYDBERG STATES; AB-INITIO; HCO; IONIZATION; RECOMBINATION; HOC; MILLIMETER; SPECTRUM AB Absolute cross sections for electron-impact dissociation of D (CO+)-C-13 ions have been measured over a collision energy range from 4 to 100 eV with a crossed electron-ion beams method. Total experimental uncertainties are about 16% near the cross section peak. The role of resonant and direct dissociative excitation for energies below 21 eV is discussed in light of the energy levels and photo-dissociation cross sections of the HCO+ formyl cation predicted by ab initio multi-reference configuration interaction calculations. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM bahati@mail.phy.ornl.gov; rdt@physto.se; vanecr@ornl.gov; bannisterme@ornl.gov NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 EI 1361-6455 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JUN 14 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 11 BP 1645 EP 1655 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/38/11/006 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 947GR UT WOS:000230631900008 ER PT J AU Fujimoto, CH Hickner, MA Cornelius, CJ Loy, DA AF Fujimoto, CH Hickner, MA Cornelius, CJ Loy, DA TI Ionomeric poly(phenylene) prepared by diels-alder polymerization: Synthesis and physical properties of a novel polyelectrolyte SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID POLY(ARYLENE ETHER SULFONE); RANDOM STATISTICAL COPOLYMERS; PROTON-EXCHANGE MEMBRANES; FUEL-CELL APPLICATIONS; POLYMERS AB A series of poly(phenylene)-based polyelectrolytes were synthesized from 1,4-bis(2,4,5-triphenylcyclopentadienone)benzene and 1,4-diethynylbenzene by Diels-Alder polymerization. Postsulfonation of this high molecular weight and thermochemically stable poly(phenylene) with chlorosulfonic acid resulted in homogeneous polyelectrolytes with controllable ion content (IEC = 0.98-2.2 mequiv/g). Fuel cell relevant properties such as high proton conductivity (123 mS/cm), chemical/thermal stability, and film toughness suggest that this polyelectrolyte material shows promise as a potential candidate for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Physical properties of this material, such as water uptake, thermal stability, and proton conductivity, are reported with respect to ion exchange capacity and compared to Nafion and a series of sulfonated poly(ether sulfone)s. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Polymers & Coatings Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Chem & Bio Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cornelius, CJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Polymers & Coatings Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cjcorne@sanda.gov RI Loy, Douglas/D-4847-2009 OI Loy, Douglas/0000-0001-7635-9958 NR 27 TC 188 Z9 192 U1 3 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUN 14 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 12 BP 5010 EP 5016 DI 10.1021/ma0482720 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 942IH UT WOS:000230275600012 ER PT J AU Mowery, DM Assink, RA Derzon, DK Klamo, SB Clough, RL Bernstein, R AF Mowery, DM Assink, RA Derzon, DK Klamo, SB Clough, RL Bernstein, R TI Solid-state C-13 NMR investigation of the oxidative degradation of selectively labeled polypropylene by thermal aging and gamma-irradiation SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ISOTACTIC POLYPROPYLENE; THERMOOXIDATIVE DEGRADATION; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); END-GROUPS; POLYMER REACTIONS; CHAIN SCISSION; POLYETHYLENE; POLYOLEFINS; MECHANISM AB Unstabilized polypropylene (PP) films having selective C-13 isotopic labeling were subjected to thermal aging at 50, 80, and 109 degrees C and to gamma-irradiation at 24 and 80 degrees C. The oxidized films were examined using solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Dramatic differences were found in the type and distribution of oxidation products originating from the three carbon atom sites within the PP macromolecule (tertiary carbon, secondary carbon, and methyl side group). Most of the oxidation products that formed on the polymer chain originated through chemical reactions at the PP tertiary carbons. Under all of the aging conditions examined, tertiary peroxides (from the PP tertiary site) were the most abundant functional group produced. Also originating from the PP tertiary carbon were significant amounts of tertiary alcohols, together with several more minor products that included "chain-end" methyl ketones. No significant amount of peroxides or alcohols associated with the PP secondary carbon sites was detected. A substantial yield of carboxylate groups was identified (acids, esters, etc.). The majority of these originated from the PP secondary carbon site, from which other minor products also formed, including in-chain ketones. We found no measurable Yield of oxidation products originating from reaction at the PP methyl group. Remarkably similar distributions of the major oxidation products were obtained for thermal aging at different temperatures, whereas the product distributions obtained for irradiation at the different temperatures exhibited significant differences. Time-dependent concentration plots have been obtained, which show the amounts of the various oxidation products originating at the different PP sites, as a function of the extent of material oxidation. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Organ Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. CALTECH, Arnold & Mabel Beckman Labs Chem Synth, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Assink, RA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Organ Mat, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM raassin@sandia.gov NR 54 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUN 14 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 12 BP 5035 EP 5046 DI 10.1021/ma047381b PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 942IH UT WOS:000230275600015 ER PT J AU Toomey, R Mays, J Holley, DW Tirrell, M AF Toomey, R Mays, J Holley, DW Tirrell, M TI Adsorption mechanisms of charged, amphiphilic diblock copolymers: The role of micellization and surface affinity SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID HYDROPHOBICALLY-MODIFIED POLYELECTROLYTES; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; SELECTIVE SOLVENT; ADSORBED LAYERS; KINETICS; MICELLES; POLYMERS; POLY(STYRENESULFONATE); POLY(2-VINYLPYRIDINE); REFLECTIVITY AB We have studied the adsorption of charged, amphiphilic diblock copolymers above the critical micelle concentration to develop a systematic understanding of the effects of micellization on the adsorption kinetics. Two distinct regimes are found. If the micelle-surface interaction is sufficiently weak, micelles do not adsorb and the adsorption kinetics depends only on the critical micelle concentration, that is, on the concentration of free chains in solution. When the micelle-surface interaction is attractive, micelles directly adsorb; however, the initial adsorption rate is slower than that predicted from diffusion rates alone. It is suggested that micelles must overcome a potential barrier to adsorb, the rate determined by a balance between the compressibility of the corona and the strength of the micelle-surface interaction. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tirrell, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM tirrell@engineering.ucsb.edu NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUN 14 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 12 BP 5137 EP 5143 DI 10.1021/ma048121x PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 942IH UT WOS:000230275600028 ER PT J AU Li, CH Koga, T Jiang, J Sharma, S Narayanan, S Lurio, LB Hu, Y Jiao, X Sinha, SK Billet, S Sosnowik, D Kim, H Sokolov, JC Rafailovich, MH AF Li, CH Koga, T Jiang, J Sharma, S Narayanan, S Lurio, LB Hu, Y Jiao, X Sinha, SK Billet, S Sosnowik, D Kim, H Sokolov, JC Rafailovich, MH TI Viscosity measurements of very thin polymer films SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; INTERFACE; SURFACE; POLYSTYRENE; DYNAMICS; BLENDS AB We have measured the viscosity of thin polymer films on Si substrates using three independent, yet complementary techniques: bilayer dewetting measurements where the viscosity of the lower layer is derived from the opening velocity of dewetting holes in the more viscous upper layer, X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) where the viscosity of a single layer is determined from the relaxation rate of thermally induced surface roughness, and dynamic secondary ion mass spectroscopy (DSIMS) where the viscosity is derived from measurements of the tracer diffusion coefficient, The scaling relationship, eta similar to M-wPS(alpha), yielded alpha = 3.3 +/- 0.3 and alpha = 3.2 +/- 0.1 from dewetting and XPCS measurement, respectively, which was in excellent agreement with the bulk scaling of 3.4 and the prediction from reptation theory. The absolute magnitudes were consistently higher by at most a factor of 3 than the bulk values, except for the sample studied at lower temperatures (155-170 degrees C) using XPCS. The temperature dependence in each case was weaker than the bulk values. These effects were interpreted in terms of attractive interactions with the Si surface which confined the polymer chains and affected the dynamics near the interface. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Stella K Abraham High Sch, Dept Phys, Hewlett, NY 11557 USA. Sogang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 121742, South Korea. Sogang Univ, Interdisciplinary Program Integrated Biotechnol, Seoul 121742, South Korea. RP Rafailovich, MH (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM mrafailovich@notes.ce.sunysb.edu RI Koga, Tadanori/A-4007-2010; OI Sharma, Sanjeev Kumar/0000-0002-3273-0708 NR 21 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUN 14 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 12 BP 5144 EP 5151 DI 10.1021/ma050440g PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 942IH UT WOS:000230275600029 ER PT J AU Zhao, YQ Dong, SS Jamieson, AM Hu, XS Lal, J Nazarenko, S Rowan, SJ AF Zhao, YQ Dong, SS Jamieson, AM Hu, XS Lal, J Nazarenko, S Rowan, SJ TI Rheological properties and conformation of a side-chain liquid crystal polysiloxane dissolved in a nematic solvent SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID DISCLINATION-DENSITY MEASUREMENTS; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SHEAR-FLOW INSTABILITIES; DYNAMIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR; TWIST VISCOSITY; DIFFERING ARCHITECTURES; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; MESOGENIC POLYMERS; TUMBLING NEMATICS AB We report measurements of the change in electrorheological response of the low molar mass nematic pentylcyanobiphenyl (5CB) on dissolution of small amounts of a side-chain liquid crystal polymer (SCLCP). From the ratio of the intrinsic viscosities with the field on and off, [eta(on)] and [eta(off)] respectively, we deduce a value for the ratio of the rms end-to-end distances of the SCLCP parallel and perpendicular to the nematic director, R-vertical bar vertical bar/R-perpendicular to = 1.17 +/- 0.02 via application of the Brochard hydrodynamic model, which indicates that the polymer has a slightly prolate shape. Small-angle neutron scattering measurements reveal a numerically similar value for the corresponding ratio of apparent rms radii of gyration, R-g vertical bar vertical bar/R-g perpendicular to = 1.12 +/- 0.06, for the SCLCP dissolved in deuterated 5CB. Observations of the shear stress transient response of a homeotropic monodomain indicate that, at a concentration between 0.01 and 0.02 g/mL, the solution exhibits a transition from director-aligning to director-tumbling behavior. This result is inconsistent with the Brochard model, which predicts such a transition only for a polymer with an oblate shape but agrees with a modified version, which assumes an additional contribution to viscous stress arises due to elastic coupling between the solvent and polymer directors. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Sch Polymers & High Performance Mat, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Jamieson, AM (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM alexander.jamieson@case.edu NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUN 14 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 12 BP 5205 EP 5213 DI 10.1021/ma050485h PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 942IH UT WOS:000230275600036 ER PT J AU Zambon, AC Zhang, LZ Minovitsky, S Kanter, JR Prabhakar, S Salomonis, N Vranizan, K Dubchak, I Conklin, BR Insel, PA AF Zambon, AC Zhang, LZ Minovitsky, S Kanter, JR Prabhakar, S Salomonis, N Vranizan, K Dubchak, I Conklin, BR Insel, PA TI Gene expression patterns define key transcriptional events in cell-cycle regulation by cAMP and protein kinase A SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE microarray; cAMP-response element (CRE); S49 cells; circadian clock ID GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS; S49 LYMPHOMA-CELLS; CIRCADIAN CLOCK; MICROARRAY DATA; PIVOTAL ROLE; IN-VIVO; ACTIVATION; APOPTOSIS; CREB; PHOSPHORYLATION AB Although a substantial number of hormones and drugs increase cellular cAMP levels, the global impact of cAMP and its major effector mechanism, protein kinase A (PKA), on gene expression is not known. Here we show that treatment of murine wild-type S49 lymphoma cells for 24 h with 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP (8-CPT-cAMP), a PKA-selective cAMP analog, alters the expression of approximate to 4,500 of approximate to 13,600 unique genes. By contrast, gene expression was unaltered in Kin(-) S49 cells (that lack PKA) incubated with 8-CPT-cAMP. Changes in mRNA and protein expression of several cell-cycle regulators accompanied cAMP-induced G(1)-phase cell-cycle arrest of wild-type S49 cells. Within 2 h, 8-CPT-cAMP altered expression of 152 genes that contain evolutionarily conserved cAMP-response elements within 5 kb of transcriptional start sites, including the circadian clock gene Per1. Thus, cAMP through its activation of PKA produces extensive transcriptional regulation in eukaryotic cells. These transcriptional networks include a primary group of cAMP-response element-containing genes and secondary networks that include the circadian clock. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pharmacol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Gladstone Inst Cardiovasc Dis, San Francisco, CA 94141 USA. Dept Energy Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Funct Genom Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Insel, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pharmacol, 9500 Gilman Dr,BSB 3073, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM pinsel@ucsd.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [U01 HL066681, U1HL66681B]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM061774, GM 61774] NR 37 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 14 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 24 BP 8561 EP 8566 DI 10.1073/pnas.0503363102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 935TV UT WOS:000229807200031 PM 15939874 ER PT J AU Fleming, JG AF Fleming, JG TI Three-dimensional photonic-crystal emitter for thermal photovoltaic power generation (vol 83, pg 380, 2003) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Correction C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Fleming, JG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1080,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM fleminjg@sandia.gov NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 13 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 24 AR 249902 DI 10.1063/1.1941463 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 934HU UT WOS:000229700700072 ER PT J AU Gao, JR Hovenier, JN Yang, ZQ Baselmans, JJA Baryshev, A Hajenius, M Klapwijk, TM Adam, AJL Klaassen, TO Williams, BS Kumar, S Hu, Q Reno, JL AF Gao, JR Hovenier, JN Yang, ZQ Baselmans, JJA Baryshev, A Hajenius, M Klapwijk, TM Adam, AJL Klaassen, TO Williams, BS Kumar, S Hu, Q Reno, JL TI Terahertz heterodyne receiver based on a quantum cascade laser and a superconducting bolometer SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NOISE; MIXERS; THZ; PERFORMANCE AB We report the first demonstration of an all solid-state heterodyne receiver that can be used for high-resolution spectroscopy above 2 THz suitable for space-based observatories. The receiver uses a NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer as mixer and a quantum cascade laser operating at 2.8 THz as local oscillator. We measure a double sideband receiver noise temperature of 1400 K at 2.8 THz and 4.2 K, and find that the free-running QCL has sufficient power stability for a practical receiver, demonstrating an unprecedented combination of sensitivity and stability. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Delft Univ Technol, Fac Appl Phys, Kavli Inst Nanosci, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands. SRON, Natl Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gao, JR (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Fac Appl Phys, Kavli Inst Nanosci, Lorentzweg 1, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands. EM j.r.gao@tnw.tudelft.nl RI Williams, Benjamin/B-4494-2013; Baselmans, Jochem/A-4515-2017 OI Williams, Benjamin/0000-0002-6241-8336; Baselmans, Jochem/0000-0002-3385-7305 NR 20 TC 120 Z9 120 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 13 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 24 AR 244104 DI 10.1063/1.1949724 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 934HU UT WOS:000229700700066 ER PT J AU Ijiri, Y Kelly, CV Borchers, JA Rhyne, JJ Farrell, DF Majetich, SA AF Ijiri, Y Kelly, CV Borchers, JA Rhyne, JJ Farrell, DF Majetich, SA TI Detection of spin coupling in iron nanoparticles with small angle neutron scattering SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; FE; PARTICLES; DISORDER; ALLOYS; MODEL AB Aggregates of monodisperse iron-based nanoparticles were investigated by small-angle neutron scattering. The field dependence of the scattering intensity showed marked differences for particles depending on size and degree of oxidation. The angular dependence of the intensity indicated magnetic regions within an oxidized sample with spins perpendicular to the applied field, which dominated the scattering at the diffraction peak. The unexpected results are interpreted in terms of an iron core that is exchange coupled to an iron oxide shell. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oberlin Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Ijiri, Y (reprint author), Oberlin Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. EM yumi.ijiri@oberlin.edu; sm70@andrew.cmu.edu RI Kelly, Christopher/J-1206-2014; Majetich, Sara/B-1022-2015 OI Kelly, Christopher/0000-0003-0886-8691; Majetich, Sara/0000-0003-0848-9317 NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 13 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 24 AR 243102 DI 10.1063/1.1947906 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 934HU UT WOS:000229700700050 ER PT J AU Lee, SR West, AM Allerman, AA Waldrip, KE Follstaedt, DM Provencio, PP Koleske, DD Abernathy, CR AF Lee, SR West, AM Allerman, AA Waldrip, KE Follstaedt, DM Provencio, PP Koleske, DD Abernathy, CR TI Effect of threading dislocations on the Bragg peakwidths of GaN, AlGaN, and AlN heterolayers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; EPITAXIAL GAN; DEFECT STRUCTURE; FILMS; DENSITIES; CRYSTALS; LAYERS AB We develop a reciprocal-space model that describes the (hkl) dependence of the broadened Bragg peakwidths produced by x-ray diffraction from a dislocated epilayer. We compare the model to experiments and find that it accurately describes the peakwidths of 16 different Bragg reflections in the [010] zone of both GaN and AlN heterolayers. Using lattice-distortion parameters determined by fitting the model to selected reflections, we estimate threading-dislocation densities for seven different GaN and AlGaN samples and find improved agreement with transmission electron microscopy measurements. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Lee, SR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM srlee@sandia.gov NR 15 TC 142 Z9 147 U1 6 U2 37 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 13 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 24 AR 241904 DI 10.1063/1.1947367 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 934HU UT WOS:000229700700021 ER PT J AU Seager, CH Sinclair, MB Fleming, JG AF Seager, CH Sinclair, MB Fleming, JG TI Accurate measurements of thermal radiation from a tungsten photonic lattice SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER-GENERATION; EFFICIENT LIGHT-EMISSION; CRYSTAL EMITTER AB Recently, photonic lattice structures have become available that are fabricated from refractory materials such as tungsten and thus stable in vacuo at high temperatures. Such structures can be tailored to exhibit optical properties that are not achievable with ordinary optical materials. In particular, photonic lattices can be designed to suppress thermal emission in undesired spectral regions, and can thereby enhance the overall energy efficiency of emission at useful wavelengths. We report measurements of the thermal emission spectra of tungsten photonic lattices in the wavelength range 3 to 24 mu m. Suppression of thermal emission at wavelengths longer than the photonic bandedge (similar to 6 mu m) is observed, along with significant emission at shorter wavelengths. We show that from 404 to 546 K the spectral emissivity E(lambda) is temperature independent and approaches [1-R(lambda)], where R(lambda) is the measured specular reflectance spectrum. These results are in accord with Kirchhoff's law. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sinclair, MB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mbsincl@sandia.gov NR 10 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 13 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 24 AR 244105 DI 10.1063/1.1941460 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 934HU UT WOS:000229700700067 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Hamza, AV Ma, E AF Wang, YM Hamza, AV Ma, E TI Activation volume and density of mobile dislocations in plastically deforming nanocrystalline Ni SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRAIN-RATE SENSITIVITY; GRAIN-SIZE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TENSILE PROPERTIES; YIELD-STRESS; DEFORMATION; METALS; TEMPERATURE; SLIP; AL AB We report the analysis of repeated transients to monitor the coupled evolution of dislocation velocity and mobile dislocation density in plastically deforming nanocrystalline Ni. The stress relaxation series allowed the determination of the physical activation volume, indicating a rate-controlling mechanism different from that in coarse-grained Ni. The mobile dislocation exhaustion observed is correlated with the unusually high apparent work-hardening rate during the early stage of straining. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ymwang@llnl.gov RI Ma, En/A-3232-2010; Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/F-2249-2010 OI Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/0000-0002-7161-2034 NR 23 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 4 U2 44 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 13 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 24 AR 241917 DI 10.1063/1.1946899 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 934HU UT WOS:000229700700034 ER PT J AU Leinweber, DB Thomas, AW Young, RD AF Leinweber, DB Thomas, AW Young, RD TI Extrapolation of lattice QCD results beyond the power-counting regime SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Structure of Baryons CY OCT 25-29, 2004 CL Ecol Polytech, Palaiseau, FRANCE SP Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Commiss Energie Atomique HO Ecol Polytech ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; NUCLEON MASS; SYMMETRY AB Resummation of the chiral expansion is necessary to make accurate contact with current lattice simulation results of full QCD. Resummation techniques including relativistic formulations of chiral effective field theory and finite-range regularization (FRR) techniques are reviewed, with an emphasis on using lattice simulation results to constrain the parameters of the chiral expansion. We illustrate how the chiral extrapolation problem has been solved and use FRR techniques to identify the power-counting regime (PCR) of chiral perturbation theory. To fourth-order in the expansion at the 1% tolerance level, we find 0 <= m(pi) <= 0.18 GeV for the PCR, extending only a small distance beyond the physical pion mass. C1 Univ Adelaide, Special Res Ctr Subatom Struct Matter, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Univ Adelaide, Special Res Ctr Subatom Struct Matter, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. EM dleinweb@physics.adelaide.edu.au RI Young, Ross/H-8207-2012; Leinweber, Derek/J-6705-2013; OI Leinweber, Derek/0000-0002-4745-6027; Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X NR 28 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUN 13 PY 2005 VL 755 BP 59C EP 70C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.03.024 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 936QJ UT WOS:000229870200008 ER PT J AU Brooks, WK Lachniet, JD AF Brooks, WK Lachniet, JD CA CLAS Collaboration TI Precise determination of the neutron magnetic form factor to higher Q(2) SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Structure of Baryons CY OCT 25-29, 2004 CL Ecol Polytech, Palaiseau, FRANCE SP Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Commiss Energie Atomique HO Ecol Polytech ID NUCLEON AB The neutron elastic magnetic form factor GM has been extracted from quasielastic scattering from deuterium in the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer, CLAS [1]. The kinematic coverage of the measurement is continuous over a broad range, extending from below 1 GeV2 to nearly 5 GeV2 in four-momentum transfer squared. High precision is achieved by employing a ratio technique in which most uncertainties cancel, and by a simultaneous in-situ calibration of the neutron detection efficiency, the largest correction to the data. Preliminary results are shown with statistical errors only. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Brooks, WK (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM brooksw@jlab.org RI Brooks, William/C-8636-2013 OI Brooks, William/0000-0001-6161-3570 NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUN 13 PY 2005 VL 755 BP 261C EP 264C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.03.138 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 936QJ UT WOS:000229870200030 ER PT J AU Vanderhaeghen, M AF Vanderhaeghen, M TI Two photon physics in elastic electron-nucleon scattering SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Structure of Baryons CY OCT 25-29, 2004 CL Ecol Polytech, Palaiseau, FRANCE SP Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Commiss Energie Atomique HO Ecol Polytech AB I discuss the two-photon exchange contribution to elastic electron-proton scattering at large momentum transfer through the scattering off a parton in the proton. The process on the nucleon is related to the generalized parton distributions which also enter in other wide angle scattering processes. It is found that the two-photon exchange contribution is able to resolve to a large extent the difference between electric form factor measurements from Rosenbluth and polarization transfer experiments. C1 Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Vanderhaeghen, M (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. EM marcvdh@jlab.org NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUN 13 PY 2005 VL 755 BP 269C EP 272C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.03.154 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 936QJ UT WOS:000229870200032 ER PT J AU Gorchtein, M Guichon, PAM Vanderhaeghen, M AF Gorchtein, M Guichon, PAM Vanderhaeghen, M TI Normal spin asymmetries in elastic electron-proton scattering SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Structure of Baryons CY OCT 25-29, 2004 CL Ecol Polytech, Palaiseau, FRANCE SP Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Commiss Energie Atomique HO Ecol Polytech AB We discuss the two-photon exchange contribution to observables which involve lepton helicity flip in elastic lepton-nucleon scattering. This contribution is accessed through the single spin asymmetry for a lepton beam polarized normal to the scattering plane. We estimate this beam normal spin asymmetry at large momentum transfer using a parton model and we express the corresponding amplitude in terms of generalized parton distributions. We further discuss this observable in the quasi-RCS kinematics which may be dominant at certain kinematical conditions and find it to be governed by the photon helicity-flip RCS amplitudes. C1 Univ Genoa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA SPhN, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Coll William & Mary, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Gorchtein, M (reprint author), Univ Genoa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. EM gorshtey@ge.infn.it; pguichon@cea.fr; marcvdh@jlab.org NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUN 13 PY 2005 VL 755 BP 273C EP 276C PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 936QJ UT WOS:000229870200033 ER PT J AU Danagoulian, A Hamilton, DJ Hyde-Wright, CE Mamyan, VH Nathan, AM Roedelbronn, M Wojtsekhowski, B AF Danagoulian, A Hamilton, DJ Hyde-Wright, CE Mamyan, VH Nathan, AM Roedelbronn, M Wojtsekhowski, B TI Real compton scattering on proton at high momentum transfers SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Structure of Baryons CY OCT 25-29, 2004 CL Ecol Polytech, Palaiseau, FRANCE SP Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Commiss Energie Atomique HO Ecol Polytech ID PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; FORM-FACTORS AB The E99-114 experiment was carried out to measure the cross sections for Real Compton Scattering (RCS) on the proton in the kinematic range s=5 - 11 GeV2, -t=2 - 7 GeV2. In addition, a measurement of longitudinal and transverse polarization transfers was made at s= 6.9 GeV2 and -t=4.0 GeV2. These measurements were done to test the existing theoretical mechanisms for this process and will possibly lead to the determination of RCS form factors which are related to the Generalized Parton Distributions (GPD). The experiment was conducted in Hall A of Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab). Final results of polarization transfer measurements are presented. C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1AG, England. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. Thomas Jefferso Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Danagoulian, A (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM aregjan@jlab.org RI Mamyan, Vahe/K-4778-2012; OI Hyde, Charles/0000-0001-7282-8120 NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUN 13 PY 2005 VL 755 BP 281C EP 285C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.03.137 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 936QJ UT WOS:000229870200035 ER PT J AU Holl, A Alkofer, R Kloker, M Krassnigg, A Roberts, CD Wright, SV AF Holl, A Alkofer, R Kloker, M Krassnigg, A Roberts, CD Wright, SV TI On nucleon electromagnetic form factors: A precis SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Structure of Baryons CY OCT 25-29, 2004 CL Ecol Polytech, Palaiseau, FRANCE SP Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Commiss Energie Atomique HO Ecol Polytech ID COVARIANT; MODEL; QCD AB Electron scattering at large Q(2) probes a nucleon's quark core. This core's contribution to electromagnetic form factors may be calculated using Poincare covariant Faddeev amplitudes combined with a nucleon-photon vertex that automatically fulfills a Ward-Takahashi identity for on-shell nucleons. The calculated behaviour of G(E)(p) (Q(2))/G(M)(p)(Q(2)) on Q(2) is an element of [2,6] GeV2 agrees with that inferred from polarisation transfer data, and exhibits a zero at Q(2) approximate to 6.5GeV(2). There is some evidence that F-2(Q(2))/F-1(Q(2)) proportional to [InQ(2)/Lambda(2)](2)/Q(2) for Q(2) greater than or similar to 6 GeV2. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Tubingen, Inst Theoret Phys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. Univ Rostock, Fachbereich Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. RP Holl, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM hoell@phy.anl.gov OI Roberts, Craig/0000-0002-2937-1361; Wright, Stewart/0000-0001-7391-8830 NR 20 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUN 13 PY 2005 VL 755 BP 298C EP 302C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.03.031 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 936QJ UT WOS:000229870200039 ER PT J AU Bravar, A AF Bravar, A CA RHIC Spin Collaboration TI The RHIC spin program: recent results and future prospects SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Structure of Baryons CY OCT 25-29, 2004 CL Ecol Polytech, Palaiseau, FRANCE SP Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Commiss Energie Atomique HO Ecol Polytech AB The main physics goal of RHIC-Spin is the study of the internal spin structure of the nucleon. RHIC is a collider accelerator at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. Four different experiments study the collisions of 100 GeV polarized proton beams. Some recent results are presented and near term goals are discussed. In particular the measurement of the gluon polarization Delta g through inclusive meson, (di-)jet, and direct photon production is discussed. The accelerator performance and progress during the 2004 polarized proton run is also addressed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bravar, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM bravar@bnl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUN 13 PY 2005 VL 755 BP 313C EP 316C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.03.097 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 936QJ UT WOS:000229870200042 ER PT J AU Deur, A AF Deur, A TI Measurement of the Q(2)-evolution of the Bjorken integral and extraction of an effective strong coupling constant at low Q(2) SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Structure of Baryons CY OCT 25-29, 2004 CL Ecol Polytech, Palaiseau, FRANCE SP Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Commiss Energie Atomique HO Ecol Polytech ID QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; SUM-RULE; QCD; NUCLEON; MODEL AB We report on the measurement of the Bjorken sum in the range 0.16 < Q(2) < 1.1 GeV2. The extraction of an effective strong coupling constant is then discussed. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA USA. RP Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA USA. EM deurpam@jlab.org NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUN 13 PY 2005 VL 755 BP 353C EP 356C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.03.115 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 936QJ UT WOS:000229870200052 ER PT J AU Oka, M Sugiyama, J Doi, T AF Oka, M Sugiyama, J Doi, T TI Pentaquark baryons in the QCD sum rule SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Structure of Baryons CY OCT 25-29, 2004 CL Ecol Polytech, Palaiseau, FRANCE SP Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Commiss Energie Atomique HO Ecol Polytech ID MODEL AB QCD sum rule approaches to the pentaquark baryon are discussed. We concentrate on determination of parity. It is concluded that no positive parity state is seen in low energy region, while there may exist negative parity states at around 1.5 GeV. C1 Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, BNL Res Ctr, RIKEN, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Oka, M (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, H-27, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. EM oka@th.phys.titech.ac.jp NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUN 13 PY 2005 VL 755 BP 391C EP 394C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.03.043 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 936QJ UT WOS:000229870200061 ER PT J AU Julia-Diaz, B Saghai, B Tabakin, F Chiang, WT Lee, TSH Li, Z AF Julia-Diaz, B Saghai, B Tabakin, F Chiang, WT Lee, TSH Li, Z TI Dynamical coupled-channel study of K+Lambda photoproduction SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Structure of Baryons CY OCT 25-29, 2004 CL Ecol Polytech, Palaiseau, FRANCE SP Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Commiss Energie Atomique HO Ecol Polytech ID BARYON INTERACTIONS; CHIRAL DYNAMICS; S-11 RESONANCES; MESON; SCATTERING; LAMBDA; GAMMA; MODEL; ETA AB Results for the reaction gamma p -> K(+)Lambda, studied within a constituent quark model and a dynamical coupled-channel approach, are presented and compared with recent data. Issues related to the search for missing baryon resonances are briefly discussed and the role played by a third S-11 resonance is underlined. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. CEA Saclay, DSM, Dept Astrophys Phys Particules Phys Nucl & Instru, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. UMC, Cent Res & Dev Div, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Julia-Diaz, B (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM bruno.julia@helsinki.fi; bsaghai@cea.fr RI Julia-Diaz, Bruno/E-5825-2010; OI Julia-Diaz, Bruno/0000-0002-0145-6734; Saghai, Bijan/0000-0002-9406-4843 NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUN 13 PY 2005 VL 755 BP 463C EP 466C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.03.056 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 936QJ UT WOS:000229870200079 ER PT J AU Ishii, N Doi, T Iida, H Oka, M Okiharu, F Suganuma, H AF Ishii, N Doi, T Iida, H Oka, M Okiharu, F Suganuma, H TI Penta-quark in anisotropic lattice QCD SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Structure of Baryons CY OCT 25-29, 2004 CL Ecol Polytech, Palaiseau, FRANCE SP Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Commiss Energie Atomique HO Ecol Polytech ID BARYONS AB Penta-quark (5Q) baryons are studied using anisotropic lattice QCD for high-precision measurement of temporal correlators. A non-NK-type interpolating field is employed to study the 5Q states with J(P) = 1/2(+/-) and I = 0. In J(P) = 1/2(+) channel, the lowest-lying state is found at m(5Q) similar or equal to 2.25 GeV, which is too massive to be identified as the Theta(+)(1540). In J(P) = 1/2(-) channel, the lowest-lying state is found at m(5Q) similar or equal to 1.75 GeV. To distinguish a compact 5Q resonance state from an NK scattering state, a new method with "hybrid boundary condition (HBC)" is proposed. As a result of the HBC analysis, the observed state in the negative-parity channel turns out to be an NK scattering state. C1 Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Nihon Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1018308, Japan. RP Ishii, N (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. EM ishii@rarfaxp.riken.jp; oka@th.phys.titech.ac.jp; suganuma@th.phys.titech.ac.jp NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUN 13 PY 2005 VL 755 BP 467C EP 470C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.03.057 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 936QJ UT WOS:000229870200080 ER PT J AU Enberg, R AF Enberg, R TI Diffractive vector meson production SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Structure of Baryons CY OCT 25-29, 2004 CL Ecol Polytech, Palaiseau, FRANCE SP Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Commiss Energie Atomique HO Ecol Polytech ID ELECTROPRODUCTION; QCD; FACTORIZATION AB This is a brief introduction to diffractive vector meson production, both exclusive gamma p -> Vp and large momentum transfer gamma p -> VX processes. I overview the theoretical basis for the perturbative description and some recent developments. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Enberg, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rikard.enberg@cpht.polytechnique.fr OI Enberg, Rikard/0000-0003-0452-0671 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUN 13 PY 2005 VL 755 BP 595C EP 598C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.03.073 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 936QJ UT WOS:000229870200108 ER PT J AU Liu, LC AF Liu, LC TI A charge-conjugation-invariance constrained pomeron-quark coupling SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Structure of Baryons CY OCT 25-29, 2004 CL Ecol Polytech, Palaiseau, FRANCE SP Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Commiss Energie Atomique HO Ecol Polytech ID SCATTERING; MESONS AB The commonly used gamma(mu) Pomeron-quark coupling changes its sign under charge conjugation, in contradiction to the property of Pomeron. I show that the Pomeron-quark coupling is tensorial and is invariant under the charge conjugation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Liu, LC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM liu@lanl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUN 13 PY 2005 VL 755 BP 607C EP 610C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.03.075 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 936QJ UT WOS:000229870200111 ER PT J AU Pascalutsa, V AF Pascalutsa, V TI GDH sum rule in QED and ChPT SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Structure of Baryons CY OCT 25-29, 2004 CL Ecol Polytech, Palaiseau, FRANCE SP Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Commiss Energie Atomique HO Ecol Polytech C1 Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Jefferson Lab, Theory Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Pascalutsa, V (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. EM vlad@jlab.org OI Pascalutsa, Vladimir/0000-0002-2613-6104 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUN 13 PY 2005 VL 755 BP 657C EP 660C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.03.080 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 936QJ UT WOS:000229870200122 ER PT J AU Xu, CK Moore, JE AF Xu, CK Moore, JE TI Reduction of effective dimensionality in lattice models of superconducting arrays and frustrated magnets SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID SELF-DUALITY; SYSTEMS; ORDER; DISORDER; ANTIFERROMAGNET; TRANSITION; SYMMETRY AB Some frustrated magnets and superconducting arrays possess unusual symmetries that cause the free energy or other physics of a D-dimensional quantum or classical problem to be that of a different problem in a reduced dimension d < D. Examples in two spatial dimensions include the square-lattice p + ip superconducting array, the Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the checkerboard lattice (studied by a combination of 1/S expansion and numerical transfer matrix), and the ring-exchange superconducting array. Physical consequences are discussed both for "weak" dimensional reduction, which appears only in the ground state degeneracy, and "strong" dimensional reduction, which applies throughout the phase diagram. The "strong" dimensional reduction cases have the full lattice symmetry and do not decouple into independent chains, but their phase diagrams, self-dualities, and correlation functions indicate a reduced effective dimensionality. We find a general phase diagram for quantum-dimensional reduction models in two quantum dimensions with N-fold anisotropy, and obtain the Kosterlitz-Thouless-like phase transition as a deconfinement of dipoles of 3D solitons. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xu, CK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jemoore@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Moore, Joel/O-4959-2016 OI Moore, Joel/0000-0002-4294-5761 NR 25 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD JUN 13 PY 2005 VL 716 IS 3 BP 487 EP 508 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2005.04.003 PG 22 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 933TV UT WOS:000229656700003 ER PT J AU Eastwood, JP Sibeck, DG Slavin, JA Goldstein, ML Lavraud, B Sitnov, M Imber, S Balogh, A Lucek, EA Dandouras, I AF Eastwood, JP Sibeck, DG Slavin, JA Goldstein, ML Lavraud, B Sitnov, M Imber, S Balogh, A Lucek, EA Dandouras, I TI Observations of multiple X-line structure in the Earth's magnetotail current sheet: A Cluster case study SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FLUX ROPES; PLASMA SHEET; GEOTAIL OBSERVATIONS; COLLISIONLESS RECONNECTION; SUBSTORMS; FLOWS; MODEL; FIELD AB Observations of the Earth's magnetotail made by the four Cluster spacecraft on October 2 2003 are presented. Multi-spacecraft analysis is used to show that the variations in field and flow observed in the vicinity of the magnetotail current sheet are most consistent with a series of two active reconnection sites bounding an Earthward moving flux rope. We demonstrate that a single spacecraft analysis of the same data leads to the incorrect conclusion that a single X-line is moving tailward. The implications of this in relation to the interpretation of single spacecraft observations are outlined. These results show that reconnection can occur simultaneously at different points in the near-Earth magnetotail current sheet, providing ( further) important experimental validation of multiple X - line reconnection theories on the mesoscale ( tens of ion inertial length) level. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse, France. RP Eastwood, JP (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM jonathan.p.eastwood@gsfc.nasa.gov RI Sibeck, David/D-4424-2012; Goldstein, Melvyn/B-1724-2008; Slavin, James/H-3170-2012; Sitnov, Mikhail/H-2316-2016 OI Slavin, James/0000-0002-9206-724X; NR 27 TC 76 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 11 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 11 AR L11105 DI 10.1029/2005GL022509 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 937YP UT WOS:000229964300003 ER PT J AU Tokar, RL Johnson, RE Thomsen, MF Delapp, DM Baragiola, RA Francis, MF Reisenfeld, DB Fish, BA Young, DT Crary, FJ Coates, AJ Gurnett, DA Kurth, WS AF Tokar, RL Johnson, RE Thomsen, MF Delapp, DM Baragiola, RA Francis, MF Reisenfeld, DB Fish, BA Young, DT Crary, FJ Coates, AJ Gurnett, DA Kurth, WS TI Cassini observations of the thermal plasma in the vicinity of Saturn's main rings and the F and G rings SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOSPHERE AB The ion mass spectrometer on Cassini detected enhanced ion flux near Saturn's main rings that is consistent with the presence of atomic and molecular oxygen ions in the thermal plasma. The ring "atmosphere'' and "ionosphere'' are likely produced by UV photosputtering of the icy rings and subsequent photoionization of O-2. The identification of the O+ and O-2(+) ions is made using time-of-flight analysis and densities and temperatures are derived from the ion counting data. The ion temperatures over the main rings are a minimum near synchronous orbit and increase with radial distance from Saturn as expected from ion pick up in Saturn's magnetic field. The O-2(+) temperatures provide an estimate of the neutral O-2 temperature over the main rings. The ion mass spectrometer also detected significant O-2(+) outside of the main rings, near the F ring. It is concluded that between the F and G rings, the heavy ion population most likely consists of an admixture of O-2(+) and water group ions O+, OH+, and H2O+. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Univ Montana, Dept Phys & Astron, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Tokar, RL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rlt@lanl.gov RI Coates, Andrew/C-2396-2008; Reisenfeld, Daniel/F-7614-2015; OI Coates, Andrew/0000-0002-6185-3125; Kurth, William/0000-0002-5471-6202 NR 11 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 11 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 14 AR L14S04 DI 10.1029/2005GL022690 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 937YQ UT WOS:000229964400002 ER PT J AU Mitchell, SE Caldwell, CA Gonzales, G Gould, WR Arimoto, R AF Mitchell, SE Caldwell, CA Gonzales, G Gould, WR Arimoto, R TI Effects of depleted uranium on survival, growth, and metamorphosis in the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Conference on Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 26-30, 2004 CL West Chester, OH SP Tri -Serv Toxicol, US Environm Protect Agency, Nat Ctr Environm Assessment, Agency Toxic Substances Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Nat Inst Occupational Safety Hlth ID FETAX PROCEDURE; TERATOGENICITY; CHLORIDE; NI2+ AB Embryos (stage 8-47, Nieuwkoop and Faber) of the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) were subjected to water-borne depleted uranium (DU) concentrations that ranged from 4.8 to 77,7 mg/L using an acute 96-h frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Xenopus (FETAX). In a chronic 64-d assay, X. laevis (from embryo through metamorphosis; stages 8-66) were subjected to concentrations of DU that ranged from 6.2 to 54.3 mg/L. Our results indicate DU is a non teratogenic metal. No effects on mortality, malformations, or growth were observed in the 96-h FEIAX with concentrations of DU that ranged from 4.8 to 77.7 mg/L. From stage 8 to stage 47, X. laevis tadpoles do not actively feed and the gills are not well developed. Thus, uptake of DU was reduced despite exposure to elevated concentrations. The 64-d assay resulted in no concentration response for either mortality or malformations; however, a delay in metamorphosis was observed in tadpoles subjected to elevated DU concentrations (from 13.1 to 54.3 mg/L) compared to tadpoles in both the well-water control and reference. The delay in metamorphosis was likely due to increasing body burden of DU that ranged from 0.98 to 2.82 mg/kg. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS 39566 USA. New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS Biol Resources, Las Cruces, NM USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. New Mexico State Univ, Univ Stat Ctr, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Carlsbad Environm Monitoring & Res Ctr, Carlsbad, NM USA. RP Mitchell, SE (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Res Lab, POB 7000, Ocean Springs, MS 39566 USA. EM Sarah.mitchell@usm.edu NR 38 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD JUN 11 PY 2005 VL 68 IS 11-12 BP 951 EP 965 DI 10.1080/15287390590912595 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 946OP UT WOS:000230582100008 PM 16020186 ER PT J AU Carpenter, JM Mason, TE AF Carpenter, JM Mason, TE TI A long-wavelength target station for the spallation neutron source SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE pulsed spallation neutron sources; neutron scattering; time-of-flight; cold neutrons; long-wavelength neutrons; nanoscience ID SPECTROMETER; SANS AB The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), a major new user facility for studies of the structure and dynamics of materials, funded by the US Department of Energy (DOE), is under construction at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Details about the project are available in a recent paper and on the SNS Web site [MRS Bull. 28 (12) (2003) 923]. A Long-Wavelength Target Station (LWTS) [Technical Concepts for a Long-Wavelength Target Station for the Spallation Neutron Source, Argonne National Laboratory Report ANL-02/16, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Report ORNL/SNS-TM-2001/163, November 2002. See also www.pns.ani.gov/related/] will complement the High-Power Target Station (HPTS) facility of the SNS and will build upon the significant investment in the remainder of the installation by providing important new scientific opportunities. For areas of science using the optimized long-wavelength beam lines, the LWTS will at least double the overall scientific capability of the SNS and provide for up to an order of magnitude performance gain over the initial HPTS. The fully equipped SNS has the prospect to offer capabilities for neutron-scattering studies of the structure and dynamics of materials with sensitivity, resolution, dynamic range, and speed that are unparalleled in the world. Preliminary assessments of the performance of the several instruments treated in detail in the body of the paper bear out this expectation. The LWTS concept has been developed in close consultation with the scientific community through a series of workshops and conferences jointly sponsored by DOE's Office of Basic Energy Science and the National Science Foundation. We describe the principal features of the LWTS concept, and provide a preliminary summary of some neutron scattering instruments suited to exploit the unique features of the LWTS. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Carpenter, JM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jmcarpenter@anl.gov RI Mason, Thomas/M-5809-2014 OI Mason, Thomas/0000-0003-1880-3971 NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUN 11 PY 2005 VL 545 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.12.043 PG 19 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 937UA UT WOS:000229950000001 ER PT J AU Balatz, MY Cooper, PS Davidenko, GV Dolgolenko, AG Dzyubenko, GB Evdokimov, AV Giller, I Goncharenko, YM Kamenskii, AD Kubantsev, MA Kurshetsov, VF Lach, J Landsberg, LG Larin, IF Matveev, VA Moinester, MA Nurushev, SB Ocherashvili, A Russ, J Semyatchkin, VK Sitnikov, AI Steiner, V Tsukerman, II Vasiliev, AN Vavilov, DV Verebryusov, VS Victorov, VA Vishnyakov, VE AF Balatz, MY Cooper, PS Davidenko, GV Dolgolenko, AG Dzyubenko, GB Evdokimov, AV Giller, I Goncharenko, YM Kamenskii, AD Kubantsev, MA Kurshetsov, VF Lach, J Landsberg, LG Larin, IF Matveev, VA Moinester, MA Nurushev, SB Ocherashvili, A Russ, J Semyatchkin, VK Sitnikov, AI Steiner, V Tsukerman, II Vasiliev, AN Vavilov, DV Verebryusov, VS Victorov, VA Vishnyakov, VE TI The lead-glass electromagnetic calorimeter for the SELEX experiment SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE calorimeter lead-glass; radiation damage AB A large-acceptance, highly segmented electromagnetic lead-glass calorimeter for Experiment E781 (SELEX) at Fermi National Acceleration Laboratory was designed and built. This detector has been used to reconstruct photons and electrons with energies ranging from a few GeV up to 500 GeV in the collisions of the 600 GeV Sigma hyperons, pi mesons and protons with the target nucleons. The design, calibration and performance of the calorimeter are described, Energy resolution and position resolution are assessed using both calibration electron beams and pi(0) mesons reconstructed in 600 GeV hadron hadron interactions. The performance of the calorimeter in selecting resonant states that involve photons is demonstrated. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ITEP, Moscow, Russia. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL USA. Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Evdokimov, AV (reprint author), ITEP, B Cheremushkinskaya 25, Moscow, Russia. EM evdokimo@itep.ru RI Russ, James/P-3092-2014 OI Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUN 11 PY 2005 VL 545 IS 1-2 BP 114 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.328 PG 25 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 937UA UT WOS:000229950000009 ER PT J AU Descovich, M Lee, IY Luke, PN Clark, RM Cromaz, M Deleplanque, MA Diamond, RM Fallon, P Macchiavelli, AO Rodriguez-Vieitez, E Stephens, FS Ward, D AF Descovich, M Lee, IY Luke, PN Clark, RM Cromaz, M Deleplanque, MA Diamond, RM Fallon, P Macchiavelli, AO Rodriguez-Vieitez, E Stephens, FS Ward, D TI Effects of neutron damage on the performance of large volume segmented germanium detectors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE neutron damage; pulse shape; position resolution; energy resolution ID ELECTRON-DRIFT VELOCITY; HPGE DETECTORS; SHAPES AB Fast neutrons damage the lattice structure of germanium gamma-radiation detectors and introduce hole traps. This results in a reduction of charge collection efficiency and a degradation of the energy resolution of the detector. For tracking detectors that use pulse shapes to determine the position of gamma-ray interactions, it is important to study the effect of neutron damage on pulse shapes and to quantify the achievable position resolution. In this work, the effect of neutron damage on energy, position and time resolution has been calculated for both an n-type and a p-type detector, and a method for correcting the energy loss using the information on the position of the interaction has been tested. Calculations indicate that the energy resolution of a neutron-damaged n-type detector is superior to that of a similarly damaged p-type detector, while the position resolution does not depend on the detector type. For both n- and p-type coaxial detectors the detectable degradation of energy resolution occurs at a much lower neutron flux than the degradation of position resolution: in practice, a measurable effect of neutron damage on position resolution is never reached before annealing is required for recovering energy resolution. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Descovich, M (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 88RO192, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mdescovich@lbl.gov OI Rodriguez-Vieitez, Elena/0000-0002-6639-8141 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUN 11 PY 2005 VL 545 IS 1-2 BP 199 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.308 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 937UA UT WOS:000229950000016 ER PT J AU Beetz, T Howells, MR Jacobsen, C Kao, CC Kirz, J Lima, E Mentes, TO Miao, H Sanchez-Hanke, C Sayre, D Shapiro, D AF Beetz, T Howells, MR Jacobsen, C Kao, CC Kirz, J Lima, E Mentes, TO Miao, H Sanchez-Hanke, C Sayre, D Shapiro, D TI Apparatus for X-ray diffraction microscopy and tomography of cryo specimens SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE X-ray microscopy; X-ray imaging; X-ray tomography; diffraction microscopy; lensless imaging ID PHASE RETRIEVAL; RESOLUTION; RADIATION AB An apparatus for diffraction microscopy of biological and materials science specimens is described. In this system, a coherent soft X-ray beam is selected with a pinhole, and the illuminated specimen is followed by an adjustable beamstop and CCD camera to record diffraction data from non-crystalline specimens. In addition, a Fresnel zone plate can be inserted to allow for direct imaging. The system makes use of a cryogenic specimen holder with cryotransfer capabilities to allow frozen hydrated specimens to be loaded. The specimen can be tilted over a range of +/- 80 degrees for three-dimensional imaging; this is done by computer-controlled motors, enabling automated alignment of the specimen through a tilt series. The system is now in use for experiments in soft X-ray diffraction microscopy. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Stony Brook Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. INFM, TASC, Natl Lab, I-34012 Trieste, Italy. RP Beetz, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11793 USA. EM tbeetz@bnl.gov RI Jacobsen, Chris/E-2827-2015; OI Jacobsen, Chris/0000-0001-8562-0353; Mentes, Tevfik Onur/0000-0003-0413-9272 NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUN 11 PY 2005 VL 545 IS 1-2 BP 459 EP 468 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.12.040 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 937UA UT WOS:000229950000042 ER PT J AU Chow, R Runkel, M Taylor, JR AF Chow, R Runkel, M Taylor, JR TI Laser damage testing of small optics for the National Ignition Facility SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID COATINGS AB A damage test procedure was established for optical components that have large incident beam footprints. The procedure was applied on coated samples for a high-powered 1053-nm, 3-ns pulse-length laser system. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chow, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM chow3@llnl.gov NR 11 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 17 BP 3527 EP 3531 DI 10.1364/AO.44.003527 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 934PF UT WOS:000229720000019 PM 16007851 ER PT J AU Sowards-Emmerd, D Romani, RW Michelson, PF Healey, SE Nolan, PL AF Sowards-Emmerd, D Romani, RW Michelson, PF Healey, SE Nolan, PL TI A northern survey of gamma-ray blazar candidates SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects : general; gamma rays : observations ID HOBBY-EBERLY TELESCOPE; SKY SURVEY; CATALOG; NUCLEI AB In preparation for the Gamma-Ray Large Area Space Telescope ( GLAST), we have compiled a sample of blazar candidates to increase the pool of well-studied active galactic nuclei from which GLAST counterparts will be drawn. Sources were selected with our figure-of-merit (FoM) ranking; thus, they have radio and X-ray properties very similar to the EGRET blazars. Spectroscopic confirmation of these candidates is in progress, and more than 70% of these objects have been identified as flat spectrum radio quasars and BL Lac objects. We present &SIM; 250 new optical blazar identifications based on McDonald Observatory spectroscopy, 224 with redshifts. Of these, 167 are in our FoM-selected set. To motivate the γ-ray nature of these objects, we analyzed the current release of the EGRET data for possible point sources at their radio positions. We develop two distinct methods to combine multiple EGRET observations of a sky position into a single detection significance. We report a detection of the signal of the set of blazar candidates in the EGRET data at the > 3 σ level by both techniques. We predict that the majority of these blazar candidates will be found by GLAST because of its increased sensitivity, duty cycle, and resolving power. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94039 USA. RP Sowards-Emmerd, D (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM dse@darkmatter.stanford.edu; rwr@astro.stanford.edu; peterm@stanford.edu; sehealey@stanford.edu; pln@razzle.stanford.edu RI Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009 NR 18 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 626 IS 1 BP 95 EP 103 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 932CQ UT WOS:000229532200009 ER PT J AU Penarrubia, J Martinez-Delgado, D Rix, HW Gomez-Flechoso, MA Munn, J Newberg, H Bell, EF Yanny, B Zucker, D Grebel, EK AF Penarrubia, J Martinez-Delgado, D Rix, HW Gomez-Flechoso, MA Munn, J Newberg, H Bell, EF Yanny, B Zucker, D Grebel, EK TI A comprehensive model for the Monoceros tidal stream SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; galaxies : halos; galaxies : structure ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; ANTICENTER STELLAR STRUCTURE; DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXIES; N-BODY REALIZATIONS; MILKY-WAY; CANIS-MAJOR; DYNAMICAL FRICTION; HALO SUBSTRUCTURE; OPEN CLUSTERS; DATA RELEASE AB We have compiled an extensive data set on potential parts of the Monoceros tidal stream and performed an exhaustive survey of dwarf galaxy semianalytic orbits in order to constrain its orbital properties. The best-fit orbits are subsequently realized as self-consistent N-body simulations in order to reproduce the spatial and velocity distribution of satellite debris. We find that all kinematic and geometric constraints can be fit by a single stream allowing for multiple wraps. The orbital eccentricity and inclination of the progenitor are strongly constrained to be e = 0.10 &PLUSMN; 0: 05 and i = 25&DEG; &PLUSMN; 5&DEG;. Ten new estimates of proper motions from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey clearly exclude all retrograde orbits. Particles lost by the satellite populate two nearly concentric rings, naturally explaining the detection of stream stars at both 6-8 kpc (Ibata et al.; Newberg et al.) and 12-18 kpc ( the Tri/And stream; Rocha-Pinto et al.) from the Sun. We have attempted to predict the present location of the Monoceros stream progenitor using different information: (1) the kinematical and spatial distribution of detections, and (2) the different mean metallicity in the inner and the outer rings. Because of the lack of observational data in the whole range of Galactic latitudes, the geometrical/kinematical constraints lead to a wide range of possible locations. By associating older parts of the model stream with lower metallicity parts of the observed data, we argue in favor of a current location of l &SIM; 245&DEG;, b &SIM; -18&DEG;, with a distance to the Sun r(s) &SIME; 15 kpc. The mass of the progenitor has been poorly constrained because of the slow orbital decay. Similar fits have been obtained for masses (3-9); 10(8) M-&ODOT;. We have analyzed the possible common origin of the Canis Major dwarf and the Monoceros stream. The Canis Major dwarf moves on a prograde, nearly circular orbit (e &SIME; 0.16) in theMilkyWay disk (i &SIME; 4(-4)(+14) deg). This orbital inclination is too low to account for the large vertical dispersion of stream stars. However, the bimodal distribution of radial velocities in the central region found by Martin et al. probably indicates that their selection criteria for identifying dwarf stars lead to a contamination of background stars. In that case, the kinematical data outlined above might result in an underestimate of the orbital inclination. Finally, the distance estimation to Canis Major dwarf is around a factor of 2 smaller than that obtained from our model. Unfortunately, the possible identification of the Monoceros stream progenitor in Canis Major remains unclear. C1 Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Europea Madrid, E-28670 Villaviciosa de Odon, Spain. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Basel, CH-4102 Binningen, Switzerland. RP Penarrubia, J (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. EM jorpega@mpia.de RI Gomez-Flechoso, Maria Angeles/H-9879-2015; OI Gomez-Flechoso, Maria Angeles/0000-0002-0692-7187; /0000-0002-1891-3794; Bell, Eric/0000-0002-5564-9873 NR 49 TC 132 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 626 IS 1 BP 128 EP 144 DI 10.1086/429903 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 932CQ UT WOS:000229532200012 ER PT J AU Atteia, JL Kawai, N Vanderspek, R Pizzichini, G Ricker, GR Barraud, C Boer, M Braga, J Butler, N Cline, T Crew, GB Dezalay, JP Donaghy, TQ Doty, J Fenimore, EE Galassi, M Graziani, C Hurley, K Jernigan, JG Lamb, DQ Levine, A Manchanda, R Martel, F Matsuoka, M Morgan, E Nakagawa, Y Olive, JF Prigozhin, G Sakamoto, T Sato, R Shirasaki, Y Suzuki, M Takagishi, K Tamagawa, T Torii, K Villasenor, J Woosley, SE Yamauchi, M Yoshida, A AF Atteia, JL Kawai, N Vanderspek, R Pizzichini, G Ricker, GR Barraud, C Boer, M Braga, J Butler, N Cline, T Crew, GB Dezalay, JP Donaghy, TQ Doty, J Fenimore, EE Galassi, M Graziani, C Hurley, K Jernigan, JG Lamb, DQ Levine, A Manchanda, R Martel, F Matsuoka, M Morgan, E Nakagawa, Y Olive, JF Prigozhin, G Sakamoto, T Sato, R Shirasaki, Y Suzuki, M Takagishi, K Tamagawa, T Torii, K Villasenor, J Woosley, SE Yamauchi, M Yoshida, A TI HETE-2 observation of two gamma-ray bursts at z > 3 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts ID HIGH COLUMN DENSITY; 14 DECEMBER 1997; OPTICAL AFTERGLOW; SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; HOST GALAXY; BEPPOSAX; IDENTIFICATION; GRB-020124; ENERGETICS AB GRB 020124 and GRB 030323 constitute half the sample of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with a measured redshift greater than 3. This paper presents the temporal and spectral properties of these two GRBs detected and localized with the High Energy Transient Explorer 2 (HETE-2). While they have nearly identical redshifts (z = 3.20 for GRB 020124 and z = 3.37 for GRB 030323), these two GRBs span about an order of magnitude in fluence, thus sampling distinct regions of the GRB luminosity function. The properties of these two bursts are compared with those of the bulk of the GRB population detected by HETE-2. We also discuss the energetics of GRB 020124 and GRB 030323 and show that they are compatible with the E-p-E-iso relation discovered by Amati et al. Finally, we compute the maximum redshifts at which these bursts could have been detected by HETE-2, and we address various issues connected with the detection and localization of high-z GRBs. C1 Observ Midi Pyrenees, Astrophys Lab, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. INAF IASF, Sez Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. Observ Haute Provence, CNRS, UPR 9049, F-04870 St Michel, France. Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Observ Midi Pyrenees, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse, France. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Tsukuba Space Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Phys, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 1578572, Japan. Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Miyazaki Univ, Fac Engn, Miyazaki 8892192, Japan. Osaka Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Grad Sch Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Atteia, JL (reprint author), Observ Midi Pyrenees, Astrophys Lab, 14 Ave Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France. OI Boer, Michel/0000-0001-9157-4349 NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 626 IS 1 BP 292 EP 297 DI 10.1086/430057 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 932CQ UT WOS:000229532200025 ER PT J AU Heger, A Woosley, SE Spruit, HC AF Heger, A Woosley, SE Spruit, HC TI Presupernova evolution of differentially rotating massive stars including magnetic fields SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pulsars : general; stars : evolution; stars : magnetic fields; stars : rotation ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; R-PROCESS NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; NEUTRINO-DRIVEN WINDS; STELLAR EVOLUTION; WHITE-DWARFS; SPIN-DOWN; SUPERNOVA; PULSARS; MODELS; ACCRETION AB As a massive star evolves through multiple stages of nuclear burning on its way to becoming a supernova, a complex, differentially rotating structure is set up. Angular momentum is transported by a variety of classic instabilities and also by magnetic torques from fields generated by the differential rotation. We present the first stellar evolution calculations to follow the evolution of rotating massive stars including, at least approximately, all these effects, magnetic and nonmagnetic, from the zero-age main sequence until the onset of iron-core collapse. The evolution and action of the magnetic fields is as described by Spruit in 2002, and a range of uncertain parameters is explored. In general, we find that magnetic torques decrease the final rotation rate of the collapsing iron core by about a factor of 30-50 when compared with the nonmagnetic counterparts. Angular momentum in that part of the presupernova star destined to become a neutron star is an increasing function of main-sequence mass. That is, pulsars derived from more massive stars rotate faster and rotation plays a more important role in the star's explosion. The final angular momentum of the core has been determined-to within a factor of 2-by the time the star ignites carbon burning. For the lighter stars studied, around 15 M-&ODOT;, we predict pulsar periods at birth near 15 ms, though a factor of 2 range is easily tolerated by the uncertainties. Several mechanisms for additional braking in a young neutron star, especially by fallback, are explored. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Astrophys Grp T6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. RP Heger, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Astrophys Grp T6, Mail Stop B227, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM alex@ucolick.org; woosley@ucolick.org; hspruit@mpa-garching.mpg.de NR 63 TC 379 Z9 379 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 626 IS 1 BP 350 EP 363 DI 10.1086/429868 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 932CQ UT WOS:000229532200031 ER PT J AU Pandel, D Cordova, FA Mason, KO Priedhorsky, WC AF Pandel, D Cordova, FA Mason, KO Priedhorsky, WC TI Ray observations of the boundary layer in dwarf novae at low accretion rates SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; binaries : close; novae, cataclysmic variables; stars : dwarf novae; stars : individual (OY Carinae, WW Ceti, AB Draconis, U Geminorum, VW Hydri, WX hydri, T Leonis; TY Piscis Austrini, EI Ursae Majoris, SU Ursae Majoris); X-rays : binaries ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; X-RAY; CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; WHITE-DWARF; U-GEMINORUM; XMM-NEWTON; OY CARINAE; ULTRAVIOLET OBSERVATIONS; OPTICAL OBSERVATIONS; ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDES AB We present a spectral analysis of XMM-Newton data of 10 dwarf novae, 9 of which were observed during a quiescent state. The X-ray spectra indicate the presence of a hot, optically thin plasma with a temperature distribution consistent with a simple, isobaric cooling flow. The likely origin of the X-ray emission is cooling plasma in the boundary layer settling onto the white dwarf. Using a cooling flow model, we derive the temperatures, accretion rates, rotational velocities, and elemental abundances of the X-ray-emitting gas. We discuss the implications of our findings for the structure of the boundary layer. A comparison of X-ray and ultraviolet luminosities finds no evidence of underluminous boundary layers in any of the quiescent dwarf novae. The X-ray spectrum of EI UMa differs significantly from those of the other objects, showing a strong fluorescent Fe K alpha line and a strong O VII line triplet. Based on the observational evidence, we argue that EI UMa is most likely an intermediate polar and not, as previously thought, a dwarf nova. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dept Space & Climate Phys, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Space & Response Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pandel, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM dpandel@xmmom.physics.ucsb.edu OI Priedhorsky, William/0000-0003-0295-9138; Pandel, Dirk/0000-0003-2085-5586 NR 71 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 626 IS 1 BP 396 EP 410 DI 10.1086/429983 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 932CQ UT WOS:000229532200035 ER PT J AU Leibrandt, DR Drake, RP Reighard, AB Glendinning, SG AF Leibrandt, DR Drake, RP Reighard, AB Glendinning, SG TI A validation test of the flux-limited diffusion approximation for radiation hydrodynamics SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; methods : numerical; radiative transfer ID 2 SPACE DIMENSIONS; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS CODE; ASTROPHYSICAL FLOWS; ALGORITHMS; ZEUS-2D; LASER AB This paper presents a validation test of the flux-limited diffusion (FLD) approximation for radiation hydrodynamics in the intermediate optical depth regime. We use an implementation of FLD in the ZEUS-2D astrophysical fluid dynamics code and the results of a set of laser-driven radiative shock experiments. One-dimensional simulations are performed to explore grid spacing and time step convergence without being limited by the available computational resources. The validation test compares two-dimensional simulations with the experimental results. FLD passes the validation test with a qualification: time step convergence seems very demanding for this particular problem. Given this qualification, it is uncertain whether FLD is faster than full-transport or other methods in the intermediate optical depth regime. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Leibrandt, DR (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, 2455 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM dleibran@umich.edu; rpdrake@umich.edu; areighar@umich.edu; glendinning1@llnl.gov RI Drake, R Paul/I-9218-2012 OI Drake, R Paul/0000-0002-5450-9844 NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 626 IS 1 BP 616 EP 625 DI 10.1086/429951 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 932CQ UT WOS:000229532200052 ER PT J AU Foley, RJ Filippenko, AV Leonard, DC Riess, AG Nugent, P Perlmutter, S AF Foley, RJ Filippenko, AV Leonard, DC Riess, AG Nugent, P Perlmutter, S TI A definitive measurement of time dilation in the spectral evolution of the moderate-redshift type Ia supernova 1997ex SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; supernovae : individual ( SN 1997ex) ID LIGHT-CURVE; UNIVERSE; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY AB We have obtained high-quality Keck optical spectra at three epochs of the Type Ia supernova 1997ex, whose redshift z is 0.361. The elapsed calendar time between the first two spectra was 24.88 days, and that between the first and third spectra was 30.95 days. In an expanding universe where represents the factor by which 1 + z space has expanded between the emission and detection of light, the amount of aging in the supernova rest frame should be a factor of smaller than the observed-frame aging; thus, we expect SN 1997ex to have aged 1/( 1 + z) 18.28 and 22.74 days between the first epoch and the second and third epochs, respectively. The quantitative method for determining the spectral-feature age of an SN Ia reveals that the corresponding elapsed times in the supernova rest frame were and days, respectively. This result is inconsistent with no 16.97 &PLUSMN; 2.75 18.01 &PLUSMN; 3.14 time dilation with a significance level of 99.0%, providing evidence against "tired light" and other hypotheses in which no time dilation is expected. Moreover, the observed timescale of spectral evolution is inconsistent with that expected in the "variable mass theory." The result is within &SIM; 1 σ of the aging expected from a universe in which redshift is produced by cosmic expansion. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Foley, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rfoley@astro.berkeley.edu; alex@astro.berkeley.edu; leonard@astro.caltech.edu; ariess@stsci.edu; nugent@lbl.gov; saul@lbl.gov RI Perlmutter, Saul/I-3505-2015 OI Perlmutter, Saul/0000-0002-4436-4661 NR 26 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 626 IS 1 BP L11 EP L14 DI 10.1086/431241 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 932CT UT WOS:000229532500003 ER PT J AU Jager, HI King, AW Schumaker, NH Ashwood, TL Jackson, BL AF Jager, HI King, AW Schumaker, NH Ashwood, TL Jackson, BL TI Spatial uncertainty analysis of population models SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE geostatistics; conditional simulation; population viability; extinction threshold; spatial life history ID SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; LANDSCAPES; SIMULATION; PROGRAM; HABITAT; SINKS AB This paper describes an approach for conducting spatial uncertainty analysis of spatial population models, and illustrates the ecological consequences of spatial uncertainty for landscapes with different properties. Spatial population models typically simulate birth, death, and migration on an input map that describes habitat. Typically, only a single "reference" map is available, but we can imagine that a collection of other, slightly different, maps could be drawn to represent a particular species' habitat. As a first approximation, our approach assumes that spatial uncertainty (i.e., the variation among values assigned to a location by such a collection of maps) is constrained by characteristics of the reference map, regardless of how the map was produced. Our approach produces lower levels of uncertainty than afternative methods used in landscape ecology because we condition our alternative landscapes on local properties of the reference map. Simulated spatial uncertainty was higher near the borders of patches. Consequently, average uncertainty was highest for reference maps with equal proportions of suitable and unsuitable habitat, and no spatial autocorrelation. We used two population viability models to evaluate the ecological consequences of spatial uncertainty for landscapes with different properties. Spatial uncertainty produced larger variation among predictions of a spatially explicit model than those of a spatially implicit model. Spatially explicit model predictions of final female population size varied most among landscapes with enough clustered habitat to allow persistence. In contrast, predictions of population growth rate varied most among landscapes with only enough clustered habitat to support a small population, i.e., near a spatially mediated extinction threshold. We conclude that spatial uncertainty has the greatest effect on persistence when the amount and arrangement of suitable habitat are such that habitat capacity is near the minimum required for persistence. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Jager, HI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jager@ornl.gov OI Jager, Henriette/0000-0003-4253-533X NR 37 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 185 IS 1 BP 13 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.10.016 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 928LM UT WOS:000229273100002 ER PT J AU Roeper, DF Chidambaram, D Clayton, CR Halada, GP AF Roeper, DF Chidambaram, D Clayton, CR Halada, GP TI Development of an environmentally friendly protective coating for the depleted uranium-0.75 wt.% titanium alloy Part I. Surface morphology and electrochemistry SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE uranium alloys; corrosion; molybdate coatings; electrochemistry; SEM ID CORROSION-RESISTANT COATINGS; U-0.75 TI; ALUMINUM; BEHAVIOR; ZINC AB The surface of the depleted uranium (DU)-0.75 wt.% titanium alloy has been studied using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and optical microscopy. The samples were examined after mechanical polishing and again after nitric acid cleaning. The acicular martensitic microstructure is revealed after chemical etching. Several of the impurities have been identified and their prevalence has been found to change depending on the surface treatments. The impurities have also been found to vary from sample to sample and within the same sample. The electrochemistry and corrosion characteristics of the alloy were studied using open circuit potential measurements and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. This study has been directed towards developing environmentally friendly protective coatings for this alloy. In this paper, we discuss our efforts in finding suitable chemical species to act as inhibitors and activators during coating formation. The effect of various oxyanions, MoO42-, PO43-, VO43-, MnO4(-), SiO44- and WO42 on the electrochemical behavior of the depleted uranium alloy in quiescent nitric acid has been explored including their ability to inhibit corrosion. Results indicate that chemical or electrochemical activation of the DU alloy in 0.1 M HNO3 + 0.025 M MoO42- can lead to the formation of a rudimentary coating. The effect of several fluorine compounds was also examined and their electrochemical response indicates that several of them may have a potential use as a surface activator. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Roeper, DF (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM droeper@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Chidambaram, Dev/B-2967-2008 NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 50 IS 18 BP 3622 EP 3633 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2005.01.021 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 937XR UT WOS:000229960300004 ER PT J AU Lin, JF Gregoryanz, E Struzhkin, VV Somayazulu, M Mao, HK Hemley, RJ AF Lin, JF Gregoryanz, E Struzhkin, VV Somayazulu, M Mao, HK Hemley, RJ TI Melting behavior of H2O at high pressures and temperatures SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; ICE; HYDROGEN; GPA; CURVE; WATER; INTERIOR; URANUS; PHASE AB Water plays an important role in the physics and chemistry of planetary interiors. In situ high pressure-temperature Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron x-ray diffraction have been used to examine the phase diagram of H2O. A discontinuous change in the melting curve of H2O is observed at approximately 35 GPa and 1040 K, indicating a triple point on the melting line. The melting curve of H2O increases significantly above the triple point and may intersect the isentropes of Neptune and Uranus. Solid ice could therefore form in stratified layers at depth within these icy planets. The extrapolated melting curve may also intersect with the geotherm of Earth's lower mantle above 60 GPa. The presence of solid H2O would result in a jump in the viscosity of the mid-lower mantle and provides an additional explanation for the observed higher viscosity of the mid-lower mantle. C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lin, JF (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, 5251 Broad Branch Rd, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM j.lin@gl.ciw.edu RI Lin, Jung-Fu/B-4917-2011; Struzhkin, Viktor/J-9847-2013; Kaneko, Arata/D-5641-2011 OI Struzhkin, Viktor/0000-0002-3468-0548; NR 27 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 11 AR L11306 DI 10.1029/2005GL022499 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 937YO UT WOS:000229964200005 ER PT J AU Yung, YL Liang, MC Blake, GA Muller, RP Miller, CE AF Yung, YL Liang, MC Blake, GA Muller, RP Miller, CE TI Reply to comment by Rockmann and Kaiser on "Evidence for O-atom exchange in the O(D-1)+N2O reaction as the source of mass-independent isotopic fractionation in atmospheric N2O" SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID NITROUS-OXIDE; O-17/O-16 RATIOS; O-18/O-16 C1 CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Yung, YL (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, MS150-21,1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM mcl@gps.caltech.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 11 AR L11808 DI 10.1029/2005GL022669 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 937YO UT WOS:000229964200008 ER PT J AU Roodman, A AF Roodman, A TI Heavy Flavors SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society CY AUG, 2004 CL Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO Univ Calif Riverside ID BRANCHING RATIOS; B-MESONS; DECAYS AB Recent results on Heavy Flavor decays are reviewed. Many new results on rare decays, primarily from the B-Factory experiments BABAR and Belle are presented. Decays are classified according to their hadronic structure, and the theoretical issues surrounding the strong interaction effects are discussed. Special attention is given to more theoretically clean measurements. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Roodman, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 20 IS 14 BP 2919 EP 2930 DI 10.1142/S0217751X05025620 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 952HF UT WOS:000230993900004 ER PT J AU Fisk, IM AF Fisk, IM TI Computing in high energy physics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society CY AUG, 2004 CL Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO Univ Calif Riverside DE computing AB In this review, the computing challenges facing the current and next generation of high energy physics experiments will be discussed. High energy physics computing represents an interesting infrastructure challenge as the use of large-scale commodity computing clusters has increased. The causes and ramifications of these infrastructure challenges will be outlined. Increasing requirements, limited physical infrastructure at computing facilities, and limited budgets have driven many experiments to deploy distributed computing solutions to meet the growing computing needs for analysis reconstruction, and simulation. The current generation of experiments have developed and integrated a number of solutions to facilitate distributed computing. The current work of the running experiments gives an insight into the challenges that will be faced by the next generation of experiments and the infrastructure that will be needed. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Comp Div, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fisk, IM (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Comp Div, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 20 IS 14 BP 3021 EP 3032 DI 10.1142/S0217751X0502570X PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 952HF UT WOS:000230993900012 ER PT J AU Ray, H AF Ray, H CA MiniBooNE Collaboration TI Current status of the MiniBooNE experiment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society CY AUG, 2004 CL Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO Univ Calif Riverside AB MiniBooNE is an experiment designed to refute or confirm the LSND (v) over bar mu -> (v) over bare oscillation result. MiniBooNE will look for oscillations of v(mu) -> v(e) in a closed-box appearance analysis. MiniBooNE began collecting data in 2002, and is expected to continue data taking through 2005. Current MiniBooNE results axe presented. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ray, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 20 IS 14 BP 3062 EP 3064 DI 10.1142/S0217751X05025759 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 952HF UT WOS:000230993900017 ER PT J AU Naples, D Blazey, G Bodek, A Boehnlein, D Boyd, S Brooks, WK Bruells, A Budd, H Burnstein, R Casper, D Chakravorty, A Christy, ME Chvojka, J Cummings, MAC Drakoulakos, D Dunmore, J Ents, R Gallagher, H Gaskells, D Gilman, R Glasshausser, C Harris, DA Hinton, W Jiang, X Kafka, T Kamaev, O Keppel, CE Kostin, M Kulagin, S Kumbartzki, G McCormick, K McFarland, K Manly, S Mann, WA Melnitchouks, W Morfin, JG Nelson, JK Niculescu, G Niculescu, I Oliver, W Paolone, V Park, J Paschos, E Ransome, R Regis, C Rykalin, V Sakumoto, W Shanahan, P Solomey, N Spentzouris, P Stamoulis, P Tzanakos, G Woods, S Ziemer, B Zois, M AF Naples, D Blazey, G Bodek, A Boehnlein, D Boyd, S Brooks, WK Bruells, A Budd, H Burnstein, R Casper, D Chakravorty, A Christy, ME Chvojka, J Cummings, MAC Drakoulakos, D Dunmore, J Ents, R Gallagher, H Gaskells, D Gilman, R Glasshausser, C Harris, DA Hinton, W Jiang, X Kafka, T Kamaev, O Keppel, CE Kostin, M Kulagin, S Kumbartzki, G McCormick, K McFarland, K Manly, S Mann, WA Melnitchouks, W Morfin, JG Nelson, JK Niculescu, G Niculescu, I Oliver, W Paolone, V Park, J Paschos, E Ransome, R Regis, C Rykalin, V Sakumoto, W Shanahan, P Solomey, N Spentzouris, P Stamoulis, P Tzanakos, G Woods, S Ziemer, B Zois, M CA MINERvA Collaboration TI MINERvA : High statistics neutrino scattering using a fine-grained detector SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society CY AUG, 2004 CL Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO Univ Calif Riverside DE neutrinos; oscillations AB The MINERvA experiment at Fermilab will use a fully-active scintillator based fine grained neutrino detector and the high rate NuMI neutrino beam. MINERvA will measure low energy neutrino interaction properties and cross sections to a new level of precision. These measurements will be critical input to present and future accelerator-based neutrino oscillation experiments in this energy range. C1 Univ Athens, Athens, Greece. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. Univ Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Nucl Res Inst, Moscow, Russia. James Madison Univ, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Jefferson lab, Newport News, VA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USA. Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA USA. RP Naples, D (reprint author), Univ Athens, Athens, Greece. RI Brooks, William/C-8636-2013 OI Brooks, William/0000-0001-6161-3570 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 20 IS 14 BP 3078 EP 3081 DI 10.1142/S0217751X05025796 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 952HF UT WOS:000230993900021 ER PT J AU Currat, CA AF Currat, CA CA SNO Collaboration TI Measuring cosmic ray and atmospheric neutrinos in the Sudbury neutrino observatory SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society CY AUG, 2004 CL Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO Univ Calif Riverside DE atmospheric neutrinos; muon; cosmic ray flux AB High energy muons and neutrinos are produced by the interaction of primary cosmic rays in the Earth's upper atmosphere. These primary interactions produce mesons that decay into muons and neutrinos. SNO is in a unique position amongst underground experiments in the world. At the depth of over 6 km water equivalent, it is the deepest underground laboratory currently in operation. SNO can make a number of novel measurements using muons. First, SNO is sensitive to the downward muon rate coming from primary cosmic ray interactions. Second, SNO's great depth makes possible the detection of atmospheric neutrinos (via the detection of neutrino induced muons) from the nadir to inclinations as large as cos (theta(zenith)) similar or equal to 0.4 above the horizon. Although SNO is a modest-size Cherenkov detector, SNO's unique niche allows it to make important model-independent checks of atmospheric neutrino oscillations. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Currat, CA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 20 IS 14 BP 3106 EP 3109 DI 10.1142/S0217751X05025863 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 952HF UT WOS:000230993900028 ER PT J AU Chen, MC Mahanthappa, KT AF Chen, MC Mahanthappa, KT TI SO(10) GUT's, neutrinos and LFV SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society CY AUG, 2004 CL Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO Univ Calif Riverside AB A model based on SO(10) x SU(2)(F) having symmetric mass textures with 5 zeros is constructed. The symmetric mass textures arising from the left-right symmetry breaking chain of SO(10) give rise to good predictions for the masses, mixing angles and CP violation measures in the quark and lepton sectors, all in agreement with the most up-to-date experimental data within 1 sigma. Various lepton flavor violating decays in our model are also investigated. Unlike in models with lop-sided textures, our prediction for the decay rate of mu -> e gamma is much suppressed and yet it is large enough to be probed by the next generation of experiments. The observed baryonic asymmetry in the Universe can be accommodated utilizing soft leptogenesis. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Chen, MC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Chen, Mu-Chun/0000-0002-5749-2566 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 20 IS 14 BP 3118 EP 3120 DI 10.1142/S0217751X05025905 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 952HF UT WOS:000230993900032 ER PT J AU Flaugher, B AF Flaugher, B TI The dark energy survey SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society CY AUG, 2004 CL Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO Univ Calif Riverside DE dark energy; galaxies; supernovae ID SUPERNOVAE AB Dark Energy is the dominant constituent of the universe and we have little understanding of it. We describe a new project aimed at measuring the dark energy equation of state parameter, omega, to a statistical precision of similar to 5%, with four separate techniques. The survey will image 5000 deg(2) in the southern sky and collect 300 million galaxies, 30,000 galaxy clusters, and 2000 Type la supernovae. The survey will be carried out using a new 3 deg(2) mosaic camera mounted at the prime focus of the 4m Blanco telescope at CTIO. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Flaugher, B (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS 310,Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 4 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 20 IS 14 BP 3121 EP 3123 DI 10.1142/S0217751X05025917 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 952HF UT WOS:000230993900033 ER PT J AU Kidonakis, N Vogt, R AF Kidonakis, N Vogt, R TI Theoretical status of the top quark cross section SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society CY AUG, 2004 CL Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO Univ Calif Riverside DE top quark; soft gluons; next-to-next-to-leading order ID QCD HARD SCATTERING; LEADING-ORDER SOFT; VIRTUAL CORRECTIONS; SUSY PROCESSES; RESUMMATION; BOTTOM; HIGGS; NNLO AB We discuss the most recent calculations of the top quark total cross section and transverse momentum distributions at the Tevatron and the LHC. These calculations include the soft-gluon corrections at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO). The soft NNLO corrections stabilize the scale dependence of the cross section. C1 Kennesaw State Coll, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. Univ Cambridge, Cavevdish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Kidonakis, N (reprint author), Kennesaw State Coll, 1000 Chastain Rd 1202, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. NR 44 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 20 IS 14 BP 3171 EP 3173 DI 10.1142/S0217751X05026054 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 952HF UT WOS:000230993900047 ER PT J AU Bachacou, H AF Bachacou, H TI Measurements of the tt production cross section at the Tevatron Run IICDF experiment using b-tagging SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society CY AUG, 2004 CL Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO Univ Calif Riverside DE top; CDF; tevatron ID SILICON VERTEX DETECTOR AB We present measurements of the t (t) over bar production cross section in b-tagged lepton + jets events from p (p) over bar collisions at 1.96 TeV using the CDF detector at Fermilab. B-jets axe tagged with either a secondary vertex algorithm, or a soft lepton tagger that identifies muons from B hadron semileptonic decays. With Tevatron Run II data, we estimate the t (t) over bar signal fraction in two different ways: by estimating the various background contributions, and by fitting directly the leading jet transverse energy spectrum for the signal and background contributions. A subset of the sample, with two secondary vertex tagged jets, yields a production cross section consistent with the inclusive measurements. Results are consistent with a Standard Model t (t) over bar signal and current measurements of the top quark mass. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bachacou, H (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Bldg 50B-5239, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 20 IS 14 BP 3180 EP 3182 DI 10.1142/S0217751X0502608X PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 952HF UT WOS:000230993900050 ER PT J AU Wicke, D AF Wicke, D CA CDF Collaborations DO Collaborations TI Top pair production cross-section measurement in the all-hadronic channel at CDF and DO SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society CY AUG, 2004 CL Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO Univ Calif Riverside DE top; cross-section; Tevatron ID QUARK HADROPRODUCTION; RESUMMATION AB Measurements of the t (t) over bar production cross-section at root s = 1.96 TeV in proton-antiproton collisions were performed by the CDF and D circle divide collaborations using t (t) over bar final states where both W's decay hadronically. Each experiment uses luminosity of about 160 pb(-1) of data collected during Run II of the Fermilab Tevatron collider. Beside kinematical observables both experiments take advantage of identifying b jets based on lifetime tagging. While CDF counts the number of b-tags over background after a cut based analysis, DO counts the excess of events after a neural network based kinematical selection and requiring a b-tagged jet. CDF obtains sigma(t (t) over bar) = 7.8 +/- 2.5stat (+4.7)(-2.3) syst ; D circle divide sigma(t (t) over bar) = 7.7 (+3.4)(-3.3) stat (+4.7)(-3.8) syst +/- 0.5(lumi). C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Wicke, D (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 20 IS 14 BP 3183 EP 3186 DI 10.1142/S0217751X05026091 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 952HF UT WOS:000230993900051 ER PT J AU Freeman, J AF Freeman, J CA CDF Collaboration TI CDF measurement of the top quark mass in the lepton plus jets channel using the multivariate template method SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society CY AUG, 2004 CL Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO Univ Calif Riverside DE top; CDF; Tevatron AB We measure the mass of the top quark using 162 pb(-1) of data collected by the CDF experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron in Run II. The decay chain t (t) over bar -> bq (q) over bar(b) over bar lv is studied using a novel technique called the Multivariate Template Method (MTM). Using this technique we obtain a result of M-top = 179.6(-6.3)(+6.4) (stat.) +/- 6.8(syst.) GeV/c(2) for the top quark. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Freeman, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Bldg 50B-5239, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 20 IS 14 BP 3206 EP 3209 DI 10.1142/S0217751X05026169 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 952HF UT WOS:000230993900058 ER PT J AU Briknarova, K Nasertorabi, F Havert, ML Eggleston, E Hoyt, DW Li, CL Olson, AJ Vuori, K Ely, KR AF Briknarova, K Nasertorabi, F Havert, ML Eggleston, E Hoyt, DW Li, CL Olson, AJ Vuori, K Ely, KR TI The serine-rich domain from Crk-associated substrate (p130(cas)) is a four-helix bundle SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FOCAL ADHESION KINASE; PROTEIN SECONDARY STRUCTURE; CHEMICAL-SHIFT INDEX; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; STRUCTURAL BASIS; ADAPTER PROTEIN; VINCULIN ACTIVATION; TARGETING DOMAIN; DOCKING PROTEIN AB p130(cas) (Crk-associated substrate) is a docking protein that is involved in assembly of focal adhesions and concomitant cellular signaling. It plays a role in physiological regulation of cell adhesion, migration, survival, and proliferation, as well as in oncogenic transformation. The molecule consists of multiple protein-protein interaction motifs, including a serine-rich region that is positioned between Crk and Src-binding sites. This study reports the first structure of a functional domain of Cas. The solution structure of the serine-rich region has been determined by NMR spectroscopy, demonstrating that this is a stable domain that folds as a four-helix bundle, a protein-interaction motif. The serine-rich region bears strong structural similarity to four-helix bundles found in other adhesion components like focal adhesion kinase, α-catenin, or vinculin. Potential sites for phosphorylation and interaction with the 14-3-3 family of cellular regulators are identified in the domain and characterized by site-directed mutagenesis and binding assays. Mapping the degree of amino acid conservation onto the molecular surface reveals a patch of invariant residues near the C terminus of the bundle, which may represent a previously unidentified site for protein interaction. C1 Burnham Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Scripps Res Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Ely, KR (reprint author), Burnham Inst, 10901 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM ely@burnham.org RI Li, Chenglong/E-7182-2010; Hoyt, David/H-6295-2013 OI Li, Chenglong/0000-0003-3174-8719; FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 71560] NR 71 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 280 IS 23 BP 21908 EP 21914 DI 10.1074/jbc.M501258200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 932MN UT WOS:000229557900031 PM 15795225 ER PT J AU Arenz, M Stamenkovic, V Blizanac, BB Mayrhofer, KJJ Markovic, NM Ross, PN AF Arenz, M Stamenkovic, V Blizanac, BB Mayrhofer, KJJ Markovic, NM Ross, PN TI Carbon-supported Pt-Sn electrocatalysts for the anodic oxidation of H(2), CO, and H(2)/CO mixtures. Part II: The structure-activity relationship SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Pt-Sn alloys; CO oxidation; hydrogen/CO mixtures; IR spectroscopy ID MONOXIDE ELECTROOXIDATION; ALLOY SURFACES; PT3SN; CATALYSTS; ADSORPTION; INTERFACES; PT(111); RU AB The catalytic activity of three different carbon-supported Pt-Sn catalysts for the anodic oxidation of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and H(2)/CO mixtures is correlated with the bimetallic microstructure established in Part I [V Radmilovic, T.J. Richardson, S.J. Chen, P.N. Ross, Jr., J. Catal. 232 (2005) 199-209] of this study. These catalysts differ primarily by having differing amounts of Pt, Pt(3)Sn, PtSn, and SnO(2) phase nanoparticles distributed on the carbon support. Further surface chemical characterization of the Pt3Sn nanoparticles is provided by comparison of in situ vibrational spectra of CO adsorbed on the nanoparticles with CO adsorbed on Pt(3)Sn(hkl) surfaces [V Stamenkovic, M. Arenz, B.B. Blizanac, K.J.J. Mayrhofer, P.N. Ross, N.M. Markovic, Surf. Sci. 576 (2005) 145-157; V.R. Stamenkovic, M. Arenz, C.A, Lucas, M.E. Gallagher, P.N. Ross, N.M. Markovic, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 (2003) 2736-2745]. Qualitative measures of CO oxidation activity were also obtained from the FTIR spectra for the electrode potential at which CO(2) is first detected (appearance potential). Quantitative kinetic measurements using the carbon-supported catalysts were obtained with the thin-film rotating disk electrode (TF-RDE) method. The CO(ad) stripping voltammetry clearly indicated that the 500 N sample exhibits the lowest degree of alloying, showing a superposition of Pt(3)Sn and Pt features, whereas the catalyst consisting entirely of stoichiometric Pt(3)Sn cubic phase (E270 sample) exhibits no features characteristic of pure Pt. None of the three carbon-supported Pt-Sn catalysts had the splitting of the C=O stretching band of characteristic of COad on Pt(3)Sn(1 1 1), the surface with the highest specific activity (turnover number) for CO and H(2)/CO oxidation. All three catalysts had very high levels of activity for H(2) oxidation. The mass activity for CO and H(2)/CO oxidation was proportional to the amount of Pt(3)Sn phase in the catalyst. There is no clear evidence that either the PtSn phase or Pt/SnO(2) clusters contribute any significant activity for H2/CO or CO oxidation in these catalysts. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ross, PN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pnross@lbl.gov RI Mayrhofer, Karl/D-4166-2009; Arenz, Matthias/C-7385-2009; Arenz, Matthias/C-3195-2016 OI Arenz, Matthias/0000-0001-9765-4315; Arenz, Matthias/0000-0001-9765-4315 NR 25 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 7 U2 58 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 232 IS 2 BP 402 EP 410 DI 10.1016/j.jcat.2005.03.022 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 932PJ UT WOS:000229565500015 ER PT J AU Wall, ME Dunlop, MJ Hlavacek, WS AF Wall, ME Dunlop, MJ Hlavacek, WS TI Multiple functions of a feed-forward-loop gene circuit SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli; genetic regulatory circuit; network motif; biological design principles; controlled mathematical comparison ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; GLUCONATE METABOLISM; DESIGN PRINCIPLES; HEXURONATE SYSTEM; UXU-OPERON; GNTR; ORGANIZATION; EXPRESSION; REGULON AB The feed-forward-loop (FFL), a network motif in genetic regulatory networks, involves two transcription factors (TFs): one regulates the expression of the second, and both TFs regulate the expression of an effector gene. Analysis of FFL design principles has been initiated, but the functional significance of the FFL is still unclear. In theoretical studies so far, the TFs are assumed to interact with different signals, which is common. However, we have found examples of FFLs in Escherichia coli in which both TFs interact with the same signal. These examples belong to the type 2 incoherent class of FFLs, in which each TF acts exclusively as a repressor of transcription. Here, we analyze mathematical models of this class of circuits, examining a comprehensive array of subclasses that differ in the way a signal modulates the activities of the TFs. Through parameter variation, we characterize statistically how input/output (I/O) behavior and temporal responsiveness are predicted to depend on the wiring of signal interactions in a circuit. We find that circuits can exhibit any of 13 qualitatively distinct steady-state I/O patterns, including inducible and repressible patterns. Some subclasses exhibit as many as six patterns. Transient pulses are also possible, and the response of a circuit to a signal may be either faster or slower than that of a gene circuit in which there is only one TF. Our results provide a catalog of functions for a class of FFL circuits, whose subclasses have different breadths of possible behaviors and different typical behaviors. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wall, ME (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Mail Stop B256, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mewall@lanl.gov NR 31 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 349 IS 3 BP 501 EP 514 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.04.022 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 930FR UT WOS:000229401700005 PM 15890368 ER PT J AU Ben-Naim, E Krapivsky, PL AF Ben-Naim, E Krapivsky, PL TI Percolation with multiple giant clusters SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND GENERAL LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; GELATION; AGGREGATION; KINETICS; POLYMERS AB We study mean-field percolation with freezing. Specifically, we consider cluster formation via two competing processes: irreversible aggregation and freezing. We find that when the freezing rate exceeds a certain threshold, the percolation transition is suppressed. Below this threshold, the system undergoes a series of percolation transitions with multiple giant clusters ('gels') formed. Giant clusters are not self-averaging as their total number and their sizes fluctuate from realization to realization. The size distribution F-k, of frozen clusters of size k, has a universal tail, F-k similar to k(-3). We propose freezing as a practical mechanism for controlling the gel size. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Polymer Studies, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Ben-Naim, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ebn@lanl.gov; paulk@bu.edu RI Ben-Naim, Eli/C-7542-2009; Krapivsky, Pavel/A-4612-2014 OI Ben-Naim, Eli/0000-0002-2444-7304; NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0305-4470 J9 J PHYS A-MATH GEN JI J. Phys. A-Math. Gen. PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 23 BP L417 EP L423 DI 10.1088/0305-4470/38/23/L01 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 947NZ UT WOS:000230654300001 ER PT J AU Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adams, DL Adams, M Adams, T Agelou, M Agram, JL Ahmed, SN Ahn, SH Alexeev, GD Alkhazov, G Alton, A Alverson, G Alves, GA Anastasoaie, M Anderson, S Andrieu, B Arnoud, Y Askew, A Asman, B Atramentov, O Autermann, C Avila, C Babukhadia, L Bacon, TC Badaud, F Baden, A Baffioni, S Baldin, B Balm, PW Banerjee, S Barberis, E Bargassa, P Baringer, P Barnes, C Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Bean, A Beauceron, S Beaudette, F Begel, M Bellavance, A Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bernhard, R Bertram, I Besancon, M Besson, A Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Bhattacharjee, M Binder, M Bischoff, A Black, KM Blackler, I Blazey, G Blekman, F Blessing, S Bloch, D Blumenschein, U Boehnlein, A Boeriu, O Bolton, TA Bonamy, P Borcherding, F Borissov, G Bos, K Bose, T Boswell, C Brandt, A Briskin, G Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Buchanan, NJ Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Burdin, S Burnett, TH Busato, E Butler, JM Bystricky, J Canelli, F Carvalho, W Casey, BCK Casey, D Cason, NM Castilla-Valdez, H Chakrabarti, S Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chandra, A Chapin, D Charles, F Cheu, E Chevalier, L Cho, DK Choi, S Chopra, S Christiansen, T Christofek, L Claes, D Clark, AR Clement, B Clement, C Coadou, Y Colling, DJ Coney, L Connolly, B Cooke, M Cooper, WE Coppage, D Corcoran, M Coss, J Cothenet, A Cousinou, MC Crepe-Renaudin, S Cristetiu, M Cummings, MAC Cutts, D da Motta, H Davies, B Davies, G Davis, GA De, K de Jong, P de Jong, SJ De La Cruz-Burelo, E Martins, CDO Dean, S Del Signore, K Deliot, F Delsart, PA Demarteau, M Demina, R Demine, P Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Doidge, M Dong, H Doulas, S Duflot, L Dugad, SR Duperrin, A Dyer, J Dyshkant, A Eads, M Edmunds, D Edwards, T Ellison, J Elmsheuser, J Eltzroth, JT Elvira, VD Eno, S Ermolov, P Eroshin, OV Estrada, J Evans, D Evans, H Evdokimov, A Evdokimov, VN Fast, J Fatakia, SN Fein, D Feligioni, L Ferbel, T Fiedler, F Filthaut, F Fisher, W Fisk, HE Fleuret, F Fortner, M Fox, H Freeman, W Fu, S Fuess, S Galea, CF Gallas, E Galyaev, E Gao, M Garcia, C Garcia-Bellido, A Gardner, J Gavrilov, V Gay, P Gele, D Gelhaus, R Genser, K Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Geurkov, G Ginther, G Goldmann, K Golling, T Gomez, B Gounder, K Goussiou, A Graham, G Grannis, PD Greder, S Green, JA Greenlee, H Greenwood, ZD Gregores, EM Grinstein, S Gris, P Grivaz, JF Groer, L Grunendahl, S Grunewald, MW Gu, W Gurzhiev, SN Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Haas, A Hadley, NJ Haggerty, H Hagopian, S Hall, I Hall, RE Han, C Han, L Hanagaki, K Hanlet, P Harder, K Harrington, R Hauptman, JM Hauser, R Hays, C Hays, J Hebbeker, T Hebert, C Hedin, D Heinmiller, JM Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hensel, C Hesketh, G Hildreth, MD Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hohlfeld, M Hong, SJ Hooper, R Hou, S Houben, P Hu, Y Huang, J Huang, Y Iashvili, I Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jabeen, S Jaffre, M Jain, S Jain, V Jakobs, K Jenkins, A Jesik, R Jiang, Y Johns, K Johnson, M Johnson, P Jonckheere, A Jonsson, P Jostlein, H Juste, A Kado, MM Kafer, D Kahl, W Kahn, S Kajfasz, E Kalinin, AM Kalk, J Karmanov, D Kasper, J Kau, D Ke, Z Kehoe, R Kermiche, S Kesisoglou, S Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Kharzheev, YM Kim, KH Klima, B Klute, M Kohli, JM Kopal, M Korablev, VM Kotcher, J Kothari, B Kotwal, AV Koubarovsky, A Kouznetsov, O Kozelov, AV Kozminski, J Krane, J Krishnaswamy, MR Krzywdzinski, S Kubantsev, M Kuleshov, S Kulik, Y Kunori, S Kupco, A Kurca, T Kuznetsov, VE Lager, S Lahrichi, N Landsberg, G Lazoflores, J Le Bihan, AC Lebrun, P Lee, SW Lee, WM Leflat, A Leggett, C Lehner, F Leonidopoulos, C Lewis, P Li, J Li, QZ Li, X Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linn, SL Linnemann, J Lipaev, VV Lipton, R Lobo, L Lobodenko, A Lokajicek, M Lounis, A Lu, J Lubatti, HJ Lucotte, A Lueking, L Luo, C Lynker, M Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Mattig, P Magerkurth, A Magnan, AM Maity, M Makovec, N Mal, PK Malik, S Malyshev, VL Manankov, V Mao, HS Maravin, Y Marshall, T Martens, M Martin, MI Mattingly, SEK Mayorov, AA McCarthy, R McCroskey, R McMahon, T Meder, D Melanson, HL Melnitchouk, A Meng, X Merkin, M Merritt, KW Meyer, A Miao, C Miettinen, H Mihalcea, D Mitrevski, J Mokhov, N Molina, J Mondal, NK Montgomery, HE Moore, RW Mostafa, M Muanza, GS Mulders, M Mutaf, YD Nagy, E Nang, F Narain, M Narasimham, VS Naumann, NA Neal, HA Negret, JP Nelson, S Neustroev, P Noeding, C Nomerotski, A Novaes, SF Nunnemann, T Nurse, E O'Dell, V O'Neil, DC Oguri, V Oliveira, N Olivier, B Oshima, N Garzon, GJOY Padley, P Papageorgiou, K Parashar, N Park, J Park, SK Parsons, J Partridge, R Parua, N Patwa, A Perea, PM Perez, E Peters, O Petroff, P Petteni, M Phaf, L Piegaia, R Podesta-Lerma, PLM Podstavkov, VM Pogorelov, Y Pope, BG Popkov, E da Silva, WLP Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Przybycien, MB Qian, J Quadt, A Quinn, B Rani, KJ Rapidis, PA Ratoff, PN Reay, NW Renardy, JF Reucroft, S Rha, J Ridel, M Rijssenbeek, M Ripp-Baudot, I Rizatdinova, F Royon, C Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Sabirov, BM Sajot, G Sanchez-Hernandez, A Sanders, MP Santoro, A Savage, G Sawyer, L Scanlon, T Schamberger, RD Schellman, H Schieferdecker, P Schmitt, C Schukin, AA Schwartzman, A Schwienhorst, R Sengupta, S Severini, H Shabalina, E Shary, V Shephard, WD Shpakov, D Sidwell, RA Simak, V Sirotenko, V Skow, D Skubic, P Slattery, P Smith, RP Smolek, K Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Soldner-Rembold, S Song, X Song, Y Sonnenschein, L Sopczak, A Sorin, V Sosebee, M Soustruznik, K Souza, M Spurlock, B Stanton, NR Stark, J Steele, J Steinbruck, G Stevenson, K Stolin, V Stone, A Stoyanova, DA Strandberg, J Strang, MA Strauss, M Strohmer, R Strovink, M Stutte, L Sumowidagdo, S Sznajder, A Talby, M Tamburello, P Taylor, W Telford, P Temple, J Tentindo-Repond, S Thomas, E Thooris, B Tomoto, M Toole, T Torborg, J Towers, S Trefzger, T Trincaz-Duvoid, S Trippe, TG Tuchming, B Tully, C Turcot, AS Tuts, PM Uvarov, L Uvarov, S Uzunyan, S Vachon, B Van Kooten, R van Leeuwen, WM Varelas, N Varnes, EW Vasilyev, IA Vaupel, M Verdier, P Vertogradov, LS Verzocchi, M Villeneuve-Seguier, F Vlimant, JR Von Toerne, E Vreeswijk, M Vu Anh, T Wahl, HD Walker, R Wallace, N Wang, ZM Warchol, J Warsinsky, M Watts, G Wayne, M Weber, M Weerts, H Wegner, M Wermes, N White, A White, V Whiteson, D Wicke, D Wijngaarden, DA Wilson, GW Wimpenny, SJ Wittlin, J Wlodek, T Wobisch, M Womersley, J Wood, DR Wu, Z Wyatt, TR Xu, Q Xuan, N Yamada, R Yan, M Yasuda, T Yatsunenko, YA Yen, Y Yip, K Youn, SW Yu, J Yurkewicz, A Zabi, A Zatserklyaniy, A Zdrazil, M Zeitnitz, C Zhang, B Zhang, D Zhang, X Zhao, T Zhao, Z Zheng, H Zhou, B Zhou, Z Zhu, J Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zitoun, R Zutshi, V Zverev, EG Zylberstejn, A AF Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adams, DL Adams, M Adams, T Agelou, M Agram, JL Ahmed, SN Ahn, SH Alexeev, GD Alkhazov, G Alton, A Alverson, G Alves, GA Anastasoaie, M Anderson, S Andrieu, B Arnoud, Y Askew, A Asman, B Atramentov, O Autermann, C Avila, C Babukhadia, L Bacon, TC Badaud, F Baden, A Baffioni, S Baldin, B Balm, PW Banerjee, S Barberis, E Bargassa, P Baringer, P Barnes, C Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Bean, A Beauceron, S Beaudette, F Begel, M Bellavance, A Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bernhard, R Bertram, I Besancon, M Besson, A Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Bhattacharjee, M Binder, M Bischoff, A Black, KM Blackler, I Blazey, G Blekman, F Blessing, S Bloch, D Blumenschein, U Boehnlein, A Boeriu, O Bolton, TA Bonamy, P Borcherding, F Borissov, G Bos, K Bose, T Boswell, C Brandt, A Briskin, G Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Buchanan, NJ Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Burdin, S Burnett, TH Busato, E Butler, JM Bystricky, J Canelli, F Carvalho, W Casey, BCK Casey, D Cason, NM Castilla-Valdez, H Chakrabarti, S Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chandra, A Chapin, D Charles, F Cheu, E Chevalier, L Cho, DK Choi, S Chopra, S Christiansen, T Christofek, L Claes, D Clark, AR Clement, B Clement, C Coadou, Y Colling, DJ Coney, L Connolly, B Cooke, M Cooper, WE Coppage, D Corcoran, M Coss, J Cothenet, A Cousinou, MC Crepe-Renaudin, S Cristetiu, M Cummings, MAC Cutts, D da Motta, H Davies, B Davies, G Davis, GA De, K de Jong, P de Jong, SJ De La Cruz-Burelo, E Martins, CDO Dean, S Del Signore, K Deliot, F Delsart, PA Demarteau, M Demina, R Demine, P Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Doidge, M Dong, H Doulas, S Duflot, L Dugad, SR Duperrin, A Dyer, J Dyshkant, A Eads, M Edmunds, D Edwards, T Ellison, J Elmsheuser, J Eltzroth, JT Elvira, VD Eno, S Ermolov, P Eroshin, OV Estrada, J Evans, D Evans, H Evdokimov, A Evdokimov, VN Fast, J Fatakia, SN Fein, D Feligioni, L Ferbel, T Fiedler, F Filthaut, F Fisher, W Fisk, HE Fleuret, F Fortner, M Fox, H Freeman, W Fu, S Fuess, S Galea, CF Gallas, E Galyaev, E Gao, M Garcia, C Garcia-Bellido, A Gardner, J Gavrilov, V Gay, P Gele, D Gelhaus, R Genser, K Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Geurkov, G Ginther, G Goldmann, K Golling, T Gomez, B Gounder, K Goussiou, A Graham, G Grannis, PD Greder, S Green, JA Greenlee, H Greenwood, ZD Gregores, EM Grinstein, S Gris, P Grivaz, JF Groer, L Grunendahl, S Grunewald, MW Gu, W Gurzhiev, SN Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Haas, A Hadley, NJ Haggerty, H Hagopian, S Hall, I Hall, RE Han, C Han, L Hanagaki, K Hanlet, P Harder, K Harrington, R Hauptman, JM Hauser, R Hays, C Hays, J Hebbeker, T Hebert, C Hedin, D Heinmiller, JM Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hensel, C Hesketh, G Hildreth, MD Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hohlfeld, M Hong, SJ Hooper, R Hou, S Houben, P Hu, Y Huang, J Huang, Y Iashvili, I Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jabeen, S Jaffre, M Jain, S Jain, V Jakobs, K Jenkins, A Jesik, R Jiang, Y Johns, K Johnson, M Johnson, P Jonckheere, A Jonsson, P Jostlein, H Juste, A Kado, MM Kafer, D Kahl, W Kahn, S Kajfasz, E Kalinin, AM Kalk, J Karmanov, D Kasper, J Kau, D Ke, Z Kehoe, R Kermiche, S Kesisoglou, S Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Kharzheev, YM Kim, KH Klima, B Klute, M Kohli, JM Kopal, M Korablev, VM Kotcher, J Kothari, B Kotwal, AV Koubarovsky, A Kouznetsov, O Kozelov, AV Kozminski, J Krane, J Krishnaswamy, MR Krzywdzinski, S Kubantsev, M Kuleshov, S Kulik, Y Kunori, S Kupco, A Kurca, T Kuznetsov, VE Lager, S Lahrichi, N Landsberg, G Lazoflores, J Le Bihan, AC Lebrun, P Lee, SW Lee, WM Leflat, A Leggett, C Lehner, F Leonidopoulos, C Lewis, P Li, J Li, QZ Li, X Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linn, SL Linnemann, J Lipaev, VV Lipton, R Lobo, L Lobodenko, A Lokajicek, M Lounis, A Lu, J Lubatti, HJ Lucotte, A Lueking, L Luo, C Lynker, M Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Mattig, P Magerkurth, A Magnan, AM Maity, M Makovec, N Mal, PK Malik, S Malyshev, VL Manankov, V Mao, HS Maravin, Y Marshall, T Martens, M Martin, MI Mattingly, SEK Mayorov, AA McCarthy, R McCroskey, R McMahon, T Meder, D Melanson, HL Melnitchouk, A Meng, X Merkin, M Merritt, KW Meyer, A Miao, C Miettinen, H Mihalcea, D Mitrevski, J Mokhov, N Molina, J Mondal, NK Montgomery, HE Moore, RW Mostafa, M Muanza, GS Mulders, M Mutaf, YD Nagy, E Nang, F Narain, M Narasimham, VS Naumann, NA Neal, HA Negret, JP Nelson, S Neustroev, P Noeding, C Nomerotski, A Novaes, SF Nunnemann, T Nurse, E O'Dell, V O'Neil, DC Oguri, V Oliveira, N Olivier, B Oshima, N Garzon, GJOY Padley, P Papageorgiou, K Parashar, N Park, J Park, SK Parsons, J Partridge, R Parua, N Patwa, A Perea, PM Perez, E Peters, O Petroff, P Petteni, M Phaf, L Piegaia, R Podesta-Lerma, PLM Podstavkov, VM Pogorelov, Y Pope, BG Popkov, E da Silva, WLP Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Przybycien, MB Qian, J Quadt, A Quinn, B Rani, KJ Rapidis, PA Ratoff, PN Reay, NW Renardy, JF Reucroft, S Rha, J Ridel, M Rijssenbeek, M Ripp-Baudot, I Rizatdinova, F Royon, C Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Sabirov, BM Sajot, G Sanchez-Hernandez, A Sanders, MP Santoro, A Savage, G Sawyer, L Scanlon, T Schamberger, RD Schellman, H Schieferdecker, P Schmitt, C Schukin, AA Schwartzman, A Schwienhorst, R Sengupta, S Severini, H Shabalina, E Shary, V Shephard, WD Shpakov, D Sidwell, RA Simak, V Sirotenko, V Skow, D Skubic, P Slattery, P Smith, RP Smolek, K Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Soldner-Rembold, S Song, X Song, Y Sonnenschein, L Sopczak, A Sorin, V Sosebee, M Soustruznik, K Souza, M Spurlock, B Stanton, NR Stark, J Steele, J Steinbruck, G Stevenson, K Stolin, V Stone, A Stoyanova, DA Strandberg, J Strang, MA Strauss, M Strohmer, R Strovink, M Stutte, L Sumowidagdo, S Sznajder, A Talby, M Tamburello, P Taylor, W Telford, P Temple, J Tentindo-Repond, S Thomas, E Thooris, B Tomoto, M Toole, T Torborg, J Towers, S Trefzger, T Trincaz-Duvoid, S Trippe, TG Tuchming, B Tully, C Turcot, AS Tuts, PM Uvarov, L Uvarov, S Uzunyan, S Vachon, B Van Kooten, R van Leeuwen, WM Varelas, N Varnes, EW Vasilyev, IA Vaupel, M Verdier, P Vertogradov, LS Verzocchi, M Villeneuve-Seguier, F Vlimant, JR Von Toerne, E Vreeswijk, M Vu Anh, T Wahl, HD Walker, R Wallace, N Wang, ZM Warchol, J Warsinsky, M Watts, G Wayne, M Weber, M Weerts, H Wegner, M Wermes, N White, A White, V Whiteson, D Wicke, D Wijngaarden, DA Wilson, GW Wimpenny, SJ Wittlin, J Wlodek, T Wobisch, M Womersley, J Wood, DR Wu, Z Wyatt, TR Xu, Q Xuan, N Yamada, R Yan, M Yasuda, T Yatsunenko, YA Yen, Y Yip, K Youn, SW Yu, J Yurkewicz, A Zabi, A Zatserklyaniy, A Zdrazil, M Zeitnitz, C Zhang, B Zhang, D Zhang, X Zhao, T Zhao, Z Zheng, H Zhou, B Zhou, Z Zhu, J Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zitoun, R Zutshi, V Zverev, EG Zylberstejn, A CA D0 Collaboration TI Measurement of dijet azimuthal decorrelations at central rapidities in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Correlations in the azimuthal angle between the two largest transverse momentum jets have been measured using the D0 detector in p (p) over bar collisions at a center-of-mass energy root s=1.96 TeV. The analysis is based on an inclusive dijet event sample in the central rapidity region corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 150 pb(-1). Azimuthal correlations are stronger at larger transverse momenta. These are well described in perturbative QCD at next-to-leading order in the strong coupling constant, except at large azimuthal differences where contributions with low transverse momentum are significant. C1 Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, LAFEX, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Fis Teor, BR-01405 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. Charles Univ, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Czech Tech Univ, CR-16635 Prague, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ San Francisco Quito, Quito, Ecuador. Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Corpusculaire Lab, Clermont Ferrand, France. Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, Grenoble, France. Univ Mediterranee, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France. CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, CNRS, IN2P3, Paris, France. CEA, Serv Phys Particules, DAPNIA, Saclay, France. Univ Strasbourg 1, CNRS, IN2P3, IReS, F-67070 Strasbourg, France. Univ Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France. Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Inst Phys Nucl Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, D-5100 Aachen, Germany. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys, Freiburg, Germany. Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. Univ Wuppertal, Fachbereich Phys, Wuppertal, Germany. Punjabi Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. Korea Univ, Korea Detector Lab, Seoul 136701, South Korea. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. NIKHEF H, FOM Inst, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Nijmegen, NIKHEF, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. Stockholm Univ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Lund Univ, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, London, England. Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. 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RI Sharyy, Viatcheslav/F-9057-2014; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; Deliot, Frederic/F-3321-2014; Telford, Paul/B-6253-2011; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Kuleshov, Sergey/D-9940-2013; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Fisher, Wade/N-4491-2013; Oguri, Vitor/B-5403-2013; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013 OI Sharyy, Viatcheslav/0000-0002-7161-2616; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Kuleshov, Sergey/0000-0002-3065-326X; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 22 AR 221801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.221801 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 934HV UT WOS:000229700800014 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Couderc, F Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Wenzel, WA Barrett, M Ford, KE Harrison, TJ Hart, AJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Fritsch, M Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Steinke, M Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Kelly, MP Latham, TE Wilson, FF Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Khan, A Kyberd, P Teodorescu, L Blinov, AE 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Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M Legendre, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Wilson, JR Yumiceva, FX Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Claus, R Convery, MR Cristinziani, M De Nardo, G Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Elsen, EE Fan, S Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Hadig, T Halyo, V Hast, C Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Leith, DWGS Libby, J Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Yarritu, AK Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Meyer, TI Petersen, BA Roat, C Ahmed, S Alam, MS Ernst, JA Saeed, MA Saleem, M Wappler, FR Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Kim, H Ritchie, JL Satpathy, A Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Borean, C Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Sobie, RJ Band, HR Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Graham, M Hollar, JJ Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Mihalyi, A Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Rubin, AE Sekula, SJ Tan, P von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Greene, MG Neal, H CA BaBar Collaboration TI Search for decays of B-0 -> e(+)e(-), B-0 -> mu(+)mu(-), B-0 -> e(+/-)mu(-/+) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB We present a search for the decays B-0 -> e(+)e(-), B-0 ->mu(+)mu(-), and B-0 -> e(+/-)mu(-/+) in data collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the BABAR detector at the SLAC B Factory. Using a data set of 111 fb(-1), we find no evidence for a signal in any of the three channels investigated and set the following branching fraction upper limits at the 90% confidence level: B(B-0 -> e(+)e(-))< 6.1x10(-8), B(B-0 ->mu(+)mu(-))< 8.3x10(-8), and B(B-0 -> e(+/-)mu(-/+))< 18x10(-8). C1 Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. 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Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Univ Naples Federico 2, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Natl Inst Nucl & High Energy Phys, NIKHEF, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Elettr, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Pavia, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Perugia, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, IFIC, Valencia, Spain. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Sarti, Alessio/I-2833-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; crosetti, nanni/H-3040-2011; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012 OI Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Sarti, Alessio/0000-0001-5419-7951; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195 NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 22 AR 221803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.221803 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 934HV UT WOS:000229700800016 ER PT J AU Cuneo, ME Sinars, DB Bliss, DE Waisman, EM Porter, JL Stygar, WA Lebedev, SV Chittenden, JP Sarkisov, GS Afeyan, BB AF Cuneo, ME Sinars, DB Bliss, DE Waisman, EM Porter, JL Stygar, WA Lebedev, SV Chittenden, JP Sarkisov, GS Afeyan, BB TI Direct experimental evidence for current-transfer mode operation of nested tungsten wire arrays at 16-19 MA SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID Z-PINCH EXPERIMENTS; IMPLOSION DYNAMICS; SIMULATIONS; PHYSICS; POWER AB Nested tungsten wire arrays (20-mm on 12-mm diam.) are shown for the first time to operate in a current-transfer mode at 16-19 MA, even for azimuthal interwire gaps of 0.2 mm that are the smallest typically used for any array experiment. After current transfer, the inner wire array shows discrete wire ablation and implosion characteristics identical to that of a single array, such as axially nonuniform ablation, delayed acceleration, and trailing mass and current. The presence of trailing mass from the outer and the inner arrays may play a role in determining nested array performance. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London, England. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM USA. Polymath Res Inc, Pleasanton, CA USA. RP Cuneo, ME (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 24 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 22 AR 225003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.225003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 934HV UT WOS:000229700800039 PM 16090406 ER PT J AU Eichmann, U Gallagher, TF Konik, RM AF Eichmann, U Gallagher, TF Konik, RM TI Comment on "Fano line shapes reconsidered: Symmetric photoionization peaks from pure continuum excitation" - Reply SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Max Born Inst Nonlinear Opt & Short Pulse Spect, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Atomare Phys & Fachdidaktik, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Eichmann, U (reprint author), Max Born Inst Nonlinear Opt & Short Pulse Spect, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. RI Konik, Robert/L-8076-2016 OI Konik, Robert/0000-0003-1209-6890 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 22 AR 229302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.229302 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 934HV UT WOS:000229700800075 ER PT J AU Odelius, M Ogasawara, H Nordlund, D Fuchs, O Weinhardt, L Maier, F Umbach, E Heske, C Zubavichus, Y Grunze, M Denlinger, JD Pettersson, LGM Nilsson, A AF Odelius, M Ogasawara, H Nordlund, D Fuchs, O Weinhardt, L Maier, F Umbach, E Heske, C Zubavichus, Y Grunze, M Denlinger, JD Pettersson, LGM Nilsson, A TI Ultrafast core-hole-induced dynamics in water probed by x-ray emission spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; LIQUID WATER AB The isotope effect and excitation-energy dependence have been measured in the oxygen K-edge x-ray emission spectrum (XES). The use of XES to monitor core decay processes provides information about molecular dynamics (MD) on an ultrafast time scale through the O1s lifetime of a few femtoseconds. Different nuclear masses give rise to differences in the dynamics and the observed isotope effect in XES is direct evidence of the importance of such processes. MD simulations show that even the excitation-energy dependence in the XES is mainly related to differences in core-excited-state dynamics. C1 Stockholm Univ, Albanova, FYSIKUM, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Heidelberg Univ, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stockholm Univ, Albanova, FYSIKUM, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM Michael.Odelius@physto.se RI Nordlund, Dennis/A-8902-2008; Nilsson, Anders/E-1943-2011; Pettersson, Lars/F-8428-2011; Weinhardt, Lothar/G-1689-2013; Grunze, Michael/H-1600-2013; Pettersson, Lars/J-4925-2013; Odelius, Michael/A-7628-2014; Zubavichus, Yan/A-3418-2014; Ogasawara, Hirohito/D-2105-2009 OI Nordlund, Dennis/0000-0001-9524-6908; Nilsson, Anders/0000-0003-1968-8696; Pettersson, Lars/0000-0003-1133-9934; Odelius, Michael/0000-0002-7023-2486; Zubavichus, Yan/0000-0003-2266-8944; Ogasawara, Hirohito/0000-0001-5338-1079 NR 17 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 22 AR 227401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.227401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 934HV UT WOS:000229700800069 PM 16090436 ER PT J AU Tang, XZ Boozer, AH AF Tang, XZ Boozer, AH TI Force-free magnetic relaxation in driven plasmas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HELICITY INJECTION; SPHEROMAK; ENERGY; EQUILIBRIA; FIELDS AB Taylor relaxation in a driven plasma with normal magnetic field intercepting the boundary is described by the Jensen-Chu theory, which predicts infinite energy and helicity barriers that constrain the accessible relaxed states to system scale. For a partially relaxed force-free (j=kB) plasma where k is a field line constant, nonlinearity regularizes the Jensen-Chu singularities and new branches of relaxed state become accessible, such as the flipped spheromak and other high k states. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Tang, XZ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 22 AR 225004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.225004 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 934HV UT WOS:000229700800040 PM 16090407 ER PT J AU Wade, MR Burrell, KH Leonard, AW Osborne, TH Snyder, PB AF Wade, MR Burrell, KH Leonard, AW Osborne, TH Snyder, PB TI Edge-localized-mode-induced transport of impurity density, energy, and momentum SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-EXCHANGE SPECTROSCOPY; DIII-D; PARTICLE LOSSES; CONFINEMENT; PEDESTAL; DIVERTOR; TOKAMAK; DEVICES; ELMS AB High temporal and spatial resolution measurements of impurity dynamics associated with an edge-localized mode (ELM) indicate that the ELM perturbation consists of two distinct parts: a rapid (< 300 mu s) expulsion of impurity density at the time of the instability followed by a slower time scale (< 1 ms) decrease in the ion temperature. While the density perturbation remains nearly constant over a wide range of plasma collisionality, the temperature perturbation decreases as the collisionality increases. Analysis of the radial electric field E-r evolution indicates that the E-r well normally present in H-mode plasmas is modified strongly by the ELM and that the size of the temperature perturbation is correlated with the associated change in the ExB shear. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Wade, MR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wade@fusion.gat.com NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 22 AR 225001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.225001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 934HV UT WOS:000229700800037 PM 16090404 ER PT J AU Zhang, PH Louie, SG Cohen, ML AF Zhang, PH Louie, SG Cohen, ML TI Nonlocal screening, electron-phonon coupling, and phonon renormalization in metals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; MGB2; DISPERSION; TEMPERATURE; CRYSTALS; ALLOYS AB A method for calculating the phonon self-energy in metals arising from the coupling between phonons and electrons near the Fermi surface is developed. The essence of this scheme is the separation of the inter- and intraband parts of the electron polarizability. The intraband contribution provides extra screenings and is closely related to the electron-phonon coupling and phonon softening in metals. Applications of this scheme to phonons in MgB2 give excellent results when compared with experiments and previous theoretical work. In addition, both electron and hole dopings are found to reduce the renormalization effect of the E-2g phonon mode, which indicates a weakened electron-phonon coupling in the doped systems. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Zhang, Peihong/D-2787-2012 NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 22 AR 225502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.225502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 934HV UT WOS:000229700800043 PM 16090410 ER PT J AU Guilderson, TP Reimer, PJ Brown, TA AF Guilderson, TP Reimer, PJ Brown, TA TI The problems of radiocarbon dating - Response SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Guilderson, TP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Reimer, Paula/I-5915-2015 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 5728 BP 1551 EP + PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 936BH UT WOS:000229827000021 ER PT J AU Maceira, M Taylor, SR Ammon, CJ Yang, XN Velasco, AA AF Maceira, M Taylor, SR Ammon, CJ Yang, XN Velasco, AA TI High-resolution Rayleigh wave slowness tomography of central Asia SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID UPPER MANTLE STRUCTURE; SHEAR VELOCITY STRUCTURE; SURFACE-WAVES; PHASE-VELOCITY; TIBETAN PLATEAU; CENTRAL EURASIA; TARIM BASIN; WESTERN CHINA; TIAN-SHAN; DISPERSION AB [1] We compute short-period, high-resolution surface wave slowness maps for central Asia using Bayesian tomography. We focus on the region between 69 degrees and 108 degrees E and 29 degrees and 54 degrees N and used seismograms from more than 1100 events. Using multiple-filter and phase-matched filter techniques, we measured the dispersion characteristics of the signals between 6 and 30 s period. These Rayleigh wave group velocity dispersion curves were used to compute high-resolution, half-degree cell size, slowness tomographic maps. Because short periods are primarily sensitive to upper crustal structures, the images display low velocities associated with the Tarim, Junggar, and Qaidam basins. Relatively high velocities are associated with mountainous tectonic features such as the Tian Shan. We validated our maps using dispersion curves from 640 events that were not used to construct the tomographic model. The model predictions show a significant variance reduction at short and intermediate periods ( 6 - 15 s) with respect to the prior model. Our model also shows 15% improvement in surface wave detection capability with respect to previous one-dimensional models. These high-resolution, short-period tomography maps can help improve regional magnitude estimations for construction of m(b): M-s discriminants. Moreover, the short-period surface wave tomographic results show unprecedented resolution that reveals greater geologic detail than has previously been achieved using surface waves and that give us insight into the shear velocity structure of the crust underlying this part of Asia. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. RP Maceira, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES-11,MS D443, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mmaceira@lanl.gov; taylor@lanl.gov; cammon@geosc.psu.edu; xyang@lanl.gov; velasco@geo.utep.edu RI Velasco, Aaron/H-2666-2012; OI Maceira, Monica/0000-0003-1248-2185 NR 60 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUN 9 PY 2005 VL 110 IS B6 AR B06304 DI 10.1029/2004JB003429 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 937ZA UT WOS:000229965900002 ER PT J AU Balakrishnan, S Roy, A Ierapetritou, MG Flach, GP Georgopoulos, PG AF Balakrishnan, S Roy, A Ierapetritou, MG Flach, GP Georgopoulos, PG TI A comparative assessment of efficient uncertainty analysis techniques for environmental fate and transport models: application to the FACT model SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE mathematical methods; statistical analysis; hydrology; computer programs; data processing ID RESPONSE-SURFACE METHOD; BIOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; CHEMICAL-KINETICS AB This work presents a comparative assessment of efficient uncertainty modeling techniques, including Stochastic Response Surface Method (SRSM) and High Dimensional Model Representation (HDMR). This assessment considers improvement achieved with respect to conventional techniques of modeling uncertainty (Monte Carlo). Given that traditional methods for characterizing uncertainty are very computationally demanding, when they are applied in conjunction with complex environmental fate and transport models, this study aims to assess how accurately these efficient (and hence viable) techniques for uncertainty propagation can capture complex model output uncertainty. As a part of this effort, the efficacy of HDMR, which has primarily been used in the past as a model reduction tool, is also demonstrated for uncertainty analysis. The application chosen to highlight the accuracy of these new techniques is the steady state analysis of the groundwater flow in the Savannah River Site General Separations Area (GSA) using the subsurface Flow And Contaminant Transport (FACT) code. Uncertain inputs included three-dimensional hydraulic conductivity fields, and a two-dimensional recharge rate field. The output variables under consideration were the simulated stream baseflows and hydraulic head values. Results show that the uncertainty analysis outcomes obtained using SRSM and HDMR are practically indistinguishable from those obtained using the conventional Monte Carlo method, while requiring orders of magnitude fewer model simulations. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Environm & Occupat Htlh Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Georgopoulos, PG (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Environm & Occupat Htlh Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM suhrid@sol.rutgers.edu; amit.roy@bms.com; marianth@sol.rutgers.edu; gregory.flach@srs.gov; panosg@fidelio.rutgers.edu NR 23 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUN 9 PY 2005 VL 307 IS 1-4 BP 204 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.hydrol.2004.10.010 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 935UG UT WOS:000229808300014 ER PT J AU Lunt, IA Hubbard, SS Rubin, Y AF Lunt, IA Hubbard, SS Rubin, Y TI Soil moisture content estimation using ground-penetrating radar reflection data SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE soil moisture; GPR; reflection; irrigation; precision agriculture ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; WATER CONTENT MEASUREMENTS; GPR DATA; ACCURACY; CALIBRATION AB Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) reflection travel time data were used to estimate changes in soil water content under a range of soil saturation conditions throughout the growing season at a California winery. Data were collected during three data acquisition campaigns over an 80 by 180 m area using 100 MHz surface GPR antennas. GPR reflections were associated with a thin, low permeability clay layer located 0.8-1.3 m below the ground surface that was identified from borehole information and mapped across the study area. Field infiltration tests and neutron probe logs suggest that the thin clay layer inhibited vertical water flow, and was coincident with high volumetric water content (VWC) values. The GPR reflection two-way travel time and the depth of the reflector at the borehole locations were used to calculate an average dielectric constant for soils above the reflector. A site-specific relationship between the dielectric constant and VWC was then used to estimate the depth-averaged VWC of the soils above the reflector. Compared to average VWC measurements from calibrated neutron probe logs over the same depth interval, the average VWC estimates obtained from GPR reflections had an RMS error of 0.018 m(3) m(-3). These results suggested that the two-way travel time to a GPR reflection associated with a geological surface could be used under natural conditions to obtain estimates of average water content when borehole control is available and the reflection strength is sufficient. The GPR reflection method therefore, has potential for monitoring soil water content over large areas and under variable hydrological conditions. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hubbard, SS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MS 90-1116,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sshubbard@lbl.gov RI Hubbard, Susan/E-9508-2010 NR 55 TC 101 Z9 121 U1 7 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUN 9 PY 2005 VL 307 IS 1-4 BP 254 EP 269 DI 10.1016/j.hydrol.2004.10.014 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 935UG UT WOS:000229808300018 ER PT J AU Matsumoto, K Klippenstein, SJ Tonokura, K Koshi, M AF Matsumoto, K Klippenstein, SJ Tonokura, K Koshi, M TI Channel specific rate constants relevant to the thermal decomposition of disilane SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ABSOLUTE RATE CONSTANTS; QUADRATIC CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; 2-DIMENSIONAL MASTER EQUATION; FLEXIBLE TRANSITION-STATES; GAS-PHASE; ARRHENIUS PARAMETERS; REACTION COORDINATE; INSERTION REACTION; SILYLENE REACTIONS AB Rate constants for the thermal dissociation of Si2H6 are predicted with a novel transition state model. The saddle points for dissociation on the Si2H6 Potential energy surface are lower in energy than the corresponding separated products, as confirmed by high level ab initio quantum mechanical calculations. Thus, the dissociations of Si2H6 to produce SiH2 + SiH4 (R1) and H3SiSiH + H-2 (R-2) both proceed through tight inner transition states followed by loose outer transition states. The present "dual" transition state model couples variational phase space theory treatments of the outer transition states with ab initio based fixed harmonic vibrator treatments of the inner transition states to obtain effective numbers of states for the two transition states acting in series. It is found that, at least near room temperature, such a dual transition state model is generally required for the proper description of each of the dissociations. Only at quite high temperatures, i.e., above 2000 K for (RI) and 600 K for (R2), does a single fixed inner transition state provide an adequate description. Similarly, only at quite low temperatures (below 100 and 10 K for (R 1) and (R2), respectively) does a single outer transition state provide an adequate description. Pressure dependent rate constants are obtained from solutions to the multichannel master equation. These calculations confirm that dissociation channel (R2) is negligible under conditions relevant to the thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes. Rate constants for the chemical activation reactions, SiH2 + SiH4 -> Si2H6 (R-1) and SiH2 + SiH4 - H3SiSiH + H-2 (R-3), are also evaluated within the dual transition state model. It is found that reaction R3 is the dominant channel for low pressures and high temperatures, i.e., below 100 Torr for temperatures above 1100 K. C1 Univ Tokyo, Dept Chem Syst Engn, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Tokyo, Ctr Environm Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RP Matsumoto, K (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Chem Syst Engn, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. EM matsumot@chemsys.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp OI Klippenstein, Stephen/0000-0001-6297-9187 NR 56 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 9 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 22 BP 4911 EP 4920 DI 10.1021/jp044121n PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 932XW UT WOS:000229589100006 PM 16833838 ER PT J AU Zou, P Klippenstein, SJ Osborn, DL AF Zou, P Klippenstein, SJ Osborn, DL TI The vinyl plus NO reaction: Determining the products with time-resolved Fourier transform spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MERCURY-PHOTOSENSITIZED DECOMPOSITION; NITRIC-OXIDE; 193 NM; VIBRATIONAL-RELAXATION; ACETYLENE ISOMERIZATION; EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROCARBON FUELS; RADICAL REACTIONS; NCO+NO REACTION; ENERGY-TRANSFER AB We have studied the vinyl + NO reaction using time-resolved Fourier transform emission spectroscopy, complemented by electronic structure and microcanonical RRKM rate coefficient calculations. To unambiguously determine the reaction products, three precursors are used to produce the vinyl radical by laser photolysis: vinyl bromide, methyl vinyl ketone, and vinyl iodide. The emission spectra and theoretical calculations indicate that HCN + CH(2)O is the only significant product channel for the C(2)H(3) + NO reaction near room temperature, in contradiction to several reports in the literature. Although CO emission is observed when vinyl bromide is used as the precursor, it arises from the reaction of NO with photofragments other than vinyl. This conclusion is supported by the absence of CO emission when vinyl iodide or methyl vinyl ketone is used. Prompt emission from vibrationally excited NO is evidence of the competition between back dissociation and isomerization of the initially formed nitrosoethylene adduct, consistent with previous work on the pressure dependence of this reaction. Our calculations indicate that production of products is dominated by the low energy portion of the energy distribution. The calculation also predicts an upper bound of 0.19% for the branching ratio of the H(2)CNH + CO channel, which is consistent with our experimental results. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Osborn, DL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM dlosbor@sandia.gov RI Osborn, David/A-2627-2009 NR 66 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 9 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 22 BP 4921 EP 4929 DI 10.1021/jp050093c PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 932XW UT WOS:000229589100007 PM 16833839 ER PT J AU Allendorf, MD Melius, CF AF Allendorf, MD Melius, CF TI BAC-MP4 predictions of thermochemistry for gas-phase tin compounds in the Sn-H-C-Cl system SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; SI; MOLECULES; ABINITIO; HEATS; POTENTIALS; ELEMENTS; BONDS; GEH2 AB In this work, the BAC-MP4 method is extended for the first time to compounds in the fourth row of the periodic table, resulting in a self-consistent set of thermochemical data for 56 tin-containing molecules in the Sn-H-C-Cl system. The BAC-MP4 method combines ab initio electronic structure calculations with empirical corrections to obtain accurate heats of formation. To obtain electronic energies for tin-containing species, the standard 6-31G(d,p) basis set used in BAC-MP4 calculations is augmented with a relativistic effective core potential to describe the electronic structure of the tin atom. Both stable compounds and radical species are included in this study. Trends within homologous series and calculated bond dissociation energies are consistent with previous BAC-MP4 predictions for group 14 compounds and the limited data available from the literature, indicating that the method is performing well for these compounds. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM mdallen@sandia.gov; melius1@llnl.gov NR 47 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 9 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 22 BP 4939 EP 4949 DI 10.1021/jp040625+ PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 932XW UT WOS:000229589100009 PM 16833841 ER PT J AU Moudrakovski, IL Ratcliffe, CI Ripmeester, JA Wang, LQ Exarhos, GJ Baumann, TF Satcher, JH AF Moudrakovski, IL Ratcliffe, CI Ripmeester, JA Wang, LQ Exarhos, GJ Baumann, TF Satcher, JH TI Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogels SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID XE-129 NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; ORGANIC AEROGELS; CHEMICAL-SHIFT; POROUS STRUCTURE; XENON; EXCHANGE; ZEOLITE; SILICA; SIZE; ADSORPTION AB In this article, we report a detailed study of resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) aerogels prepared under different processing conditions, [resorcinol]/[catalyst] (R/C) ratios in the starting sol-gel solutions, using continuous flow hyperpolarized Xe-129 NMR in combination with solid-state C-13 and two-dimensional wide-line separation (2D-WISE) NMR techniques. The degree of polymerization and the mobility of the cross-linking functional groups in RF aerogels are examined and correlated with the R/C ratios. The origin of different adsorption regions is evaluated using both coadsorption of chloroform and 2D EXSY Xe-129 NMR. A hierarchical set of Xe exchange processes in RF aerogels is found using 2D EXSY Xe-129 NMR. The exchange of Xe gas follows the sequence (from fastest to slowest): mesopores with free gas, gas in meso- and micropores, free gas with micropores, and, finally, among micropore sites. The volume-to-surface-area (V-g/S) ratios for aerogels are measured for the first time without the use of geometric models. The V-g/S parameter, which is related both to the geometry and the interconnectivity of the pore space, has been found to correlate strongly with the R/C ratio and exhibits an unusually large span: an increase in the R/C ratio from 50 to 500 results in about a 5-fold rise in V-g/S. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Mol Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Moudrakovski, IL (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Mol Sci, 100 Sussex Dr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. NR 34 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 9 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 22 BP 11215 EP 11222 DI 10.1021/jp050610r PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 932YC UT WOS:000229589700020 PM 16852369 ER PT J AU Nelson, R Sawaya, MR Balbirnie, M Madsen, AO Riekel, C Grothe, R Eisenberg, D AF Nelson, R Sawaya, MR Balbirnie, M Madsen, AO Riekel, C Grothe, R Eisenberg, D TI Structure of the cross-beta spine of amyloid-like fibrils SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; YEAST PRION; FORMING PEPTIDE; MOLECULAR-BASIS; PROTEIN MODELS; CORE STRUCTURE; SHEET PROTEIN; TRANSTHYRETIN; CONFORMATION; CONVERSION AB Numerous soluble proteins convert to insoluble amyloid-like fibrils that have common properties. Amyloid fibrils are associated with fatal diseases such as Alzheimer's, and amyloid-like fibrils can be formed in vitro. For the yeast protein Sup35, conversion to amyloid-like fibrils is associated with a transmissible infection akin to that caused by mammalian prions. A seven-residue peptide segment from Sup35 forms amyloid-like fibrils and closely related microcrystals, from which we have determined the atomic structure of the cross-beta spine. It is a double beta-sheet, with each sheet formed from parallel segments stacked in register. Side chains protruding from the two sheets form a dry, tightly self-complementing steric zipper, bonding the sheets. Within each sheet, every segment is bound to its two neighbouring segments through stacks of both backbone and side-chain hydrogen bonds. The structure illuminates the stability of amyloid fibrils, their self-seeding characteristic and their tendency to form polymorphic structures. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Med Inst, UCLA DOE Inst Genom & Proteom, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Crystallog Studies, Dept Chem, DK-2100 KBH, Denmark. RP Eisenberg, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Med Inst, UCLA DOE Inst Genom & Proteom, Box 951570, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM david@mbi.ucla.edu RI Madsen, Anders/B-4760-2015 OI Madsen, Anders/0000-0001-5422-8076 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P01 GM031299, T32 GM007185] NR 50 TC 1220 Z9 1238 U1 22 U2 263 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN 9 PY 2005 VL 435 IS 7043 BP 773 EP 778 DI 10.1038/nature03680 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 933NK UT WOS:000229638700041 PM 15944695 ER PT J AU Adams, J Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Amonett, J Anderson, BD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Badyal, SK Bai, Y Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Bekele, S Belaga, VV Bellwied, R Berger, J Bezverkhny, BI Bharadwaj, S Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bhatia, VS Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Billmeier, A Bland, LC Blyth, CO Bonner, BE Botje, M Boucham, A Brandin, AV Bravar, A Bystersky, M Cadman, R Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Castillo, J Catu, O Cebra, D Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, R Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, Y Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Christie, W Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Das, S de Moura, MM Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Dietel, T Dogra, SM Dong, WJ Dong, X Draper, JE Du, F Dubey, AK Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Mazumdar, MRD Eckardt, V Edwards, WR Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Fachini, P Faivre, J Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Filimonov, K Filip, P Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Fomenko, K Fu, J Gagliardi, CA Gaillard, L Gans, J Ganti, MS Gaudichet, L Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gonzalez, JE Grachov, O Grebenyuk, O Grosnick, D Guertin, SM Guo, Y Gupta, A Gutierrez, TD Hallman, TJ Hamed, A Hardtke, D Harris, JW Heinz, M Henry, TW Hepplemann, S Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Huang, HZ Huang, SL Hughes, EW Humanic, TJ Igo, G Ishihara, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Janik, M Jiang, H Jones, PG Judd, EG Kabana, S Kang, K Kaplan, M Keane, D Khodyrev, VY Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Kislov, EM Klay, J Klein, SR Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Kopytine, M Kotchenda, Y Kramer, M Kravtsov, P Kravtsov, VI Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kumar, A Kutuev, RK Kuznetsov, AA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S Laue, F Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lehocka, S LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, Q Li, Y Lin, G Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, L Liu, QJ Liu, Z Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Long, H Longacre, RS Lopez-Noriega, M Love, WA Lu, Y Ludlam, T Lynn, D Ma, GL Ma, JG Ma, YG Magestro, D Mahajan, S Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mangotra, LK Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Martin, L Marx, JN Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McClain, CJ McShane, TS Meissner, F Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Miller, ML Minaev, NG Mironov, C Mischke, A Mishra, DK Mitchell, J Mohanty, B Molnar, L Moore, CF Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Netrakanti, PK Nikitin, VA Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldenburg, M Olson, D Pal, SK Panebratsev, Y Panitkin, SY Pavlinov, AI Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Petrov, VA Phatak, SC Picha, R Planinic, M Pluta, J Porile, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Potekhin, M Potrebenikova, E Potukuchi, BVKS Prindle, D Pruneau, C Putschke, J Rakness, G Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ravel, O Ray, RL Razin, SV Reichhold, D Reid, JG Renault, G Retiere, F Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, L Sahoo, R Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sarsour, M Savin, I Sazhin, PS Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schweda, K Seger, J Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Shao, W Sharma, M Shen, WQ Shestermanov, KE Shimanskiy, SS Sichtermann, E Simon, F Singaraju, RN Skoro, G Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sood, G Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Speltz, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stadnik, A Stanislaus, TDS Stock, R Stolpovsky, A Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Sugarbaker, E Suire, C Sumbera, M Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Szarwas, P Tai, A Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tarnowsky, T Thein, D Thomas, JH Timoshenko, S Tokarev, M Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, OD Ulery, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Urkinbaev, A Van Buren, G van Leeuwen, M Vander Molen, AM Varma, R Vasilevski, IM Vasiliev, AN Vernet, R Vigdor, SE Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Vznuzdaev, M Waggoner, WT Wang, F Wang, G Wang, G Wang, XL Wang, Y Wang, Y Wang, ZM Ward, H Watson, JW Webb, JC Wells, R Westfall, GD Wetzler, A Whitten, C Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wood, J Wu, J Xu, N Xu, Z Xu, ZZ Yamamoto, E Yepes, P Yurevich, VI Zanevsky, YV Zhang, H Zhang, WM Zhang, ZP Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y Zubarev, A AF Adams, J Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Amonett, J Anderson, BD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Badyal, SK Bai, Y Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Bekele, S Belaga, VV Bellwied, R Berger, J Bezverkhny, BI Bharadwaj, S Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bhatia, VS Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Billmeier, A Bland, LC Blyth, CO Bonner, BE Botje, M Boucham, A Brandin, AV Bravar, A Bystersky, M Cadman, R Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Castillo, J Catu, O Cebra, D Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, R Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, Y Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Christie, W Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Das, S de Moura, MM Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Dietel, T Dogra, SM Dong, WJ Dong, X Draper, JE Du, F Dubey, AK Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Mazumdar, MRD Eckardt, V Edwards, WR Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Fachini, P Faivre, J Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Filimonov, K Filip, P Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Fomenko, K Fu, J Gagliardi, CA Gaillard, L Gans, J Ganti, MS Gaudichet, L Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gonzalez, JE Grachov, O Grebenyuk, O Grosnick, D Guertin, SM Guo, Y Gupta, A Gutierrez, TD Hallman, TJ Hamed, A Hardtke, D Harris, JW Heinz, M Henry, TW Hepplemann, S Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Huang, HZ Huang, SL Hughes, EW Humanic, TJ Igo, G Ishihara, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Janik, M Jiang, H Jones, PG Judd, EG Kabana, S Kang, K Kaplan, M Keane, D Khodyrev, VY Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Kislov, EM Klay, J Klein, SR Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Kopytine, M Kotchenda, Y Kramer, M Kravtsov, P Kravtsov, VI Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kumar, A Kutuev, RK Kuznetsov, AA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S Laue, F Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lehocka, S LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, Q Li, Y Lin, G Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, L Liu, QJ Liu, Z Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Long, H Longacre, RS Lopez-Noriega, M Love, WA Lu, Y Ludlam, T Lynn, D Ma, GL Ma, JG Ma, YG Magestro, D Mahajan, S Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mangotra, LK Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Martin, L Marx, JN Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McClain, CJ McShane, TS Meissner, F Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Miller, ML Minaev, NG Mironov, C Mischke, A Mishra, DK Mitchell, J Mohanty, B Molnar, L Moore, CF Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Netrakanti, PK Nikitin, VA Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldenburg, M Olson, D Pal, SK Panebratsev, Y Panitkin, SY Pavlinov, AI Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Petrov, VA Phatak, SC Picha, R Planinic, M Pluta, J Porile, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Potekhin, M Potrebenikova, E Potukuchi, BVKS Prindle, D Pruneau, C Putschke, J Rakness, G Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ravel, O Ray, RL Razin, SV Reichhold, D Reid, JG Renault, G Retiere, F Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, L Sahoo, R Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sarsour, M Savin, I Sazhin, PS Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schweda, K Seger, J Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Shao, W Sharma, M Shen, WQ Shestermanov, KE Shimanskiy, SS Sichtermann, E Simon, F Singaraju, RN Skoro, G Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sood, G Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Speltz, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stadnik, A Stanislaus, TDS Stock, R Stolpovsky, A Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Sugarbaker, E Suire, C Sumbera, M Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Szarwas, P Tai, A Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tarnowsky, T Thein, D Thomas, JH Timoshenko, S Tokarev, M Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, OD Ulery, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Urkinbaev, A Van Buren, G van Leeuwen, M Vander Molen, AM Varma, R Vasilevski, IM Vasiliev, AN Vernet, R Vigdor, SE Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Vznuzdaev, M Waggoner, WT Wang, F Wang, G Wang, G Wang, XL Wang, Y Wang, Y Wang, ZM Ward, H Watson, JW Webb, JC Wells, R Westfall, GD Wetzler, A Whitten, C Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wood, J Wu, J Xu, N Xu, Z Xu, ZZ Yamamoto, E Yepes, P Yurevich, VI Zanevsky, YV Zhang, H Zhang, WM Zhang, ZP Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y Zubarev, A CA STAR Collaboration TI Pion, kaon, proton and anti-proton transverse momentum distributions from p+p and d+Au collisions at root(NN)-N-S=200GeV SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID RESISTIVE PLATE CHAMBERS; TIME PROJECTION CHAMBER; PLUS AU COLLISIONS; HADRON; STAR; DEPENDENCE; MODEL; QCD AB Identified mid-rapidity particle spectra of pi(+/-), K+/-, and p((p) over bar) from 200 GeV p + p and d + Au collisions are reported. A time-of-flight detector based on multi-gap resistive plate chamber technology is used for particle identification. The particle-species dependence of the Cronin effect is observed to be significantly smaller than that at lower energies. The ratio of the nuclear modification factor (R-dAu) between protons (p + (p) over bar) and charged hadrons (h) in the transverse momentum range 1.2 < p(T) < 3.0 GeV/c is measured to be 1.19 +/- 0.05(stat) +/- 0.03(syst) in minimum-bias collisions and shows little centrality dependence. The yield ratio of (p + (p) over bar)/h in minimum-bias d + Au collisions is found to be a factor of 2 lower than that in Au + Au collisions, indicating that the Cronin effect alone is not enough to account for the relative baryon enhancement observed in heavy ion collisions at RHIC. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Nucl Phys, CR-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. Lab High Energy, JINR, Dubna, Russia. Particle Phys Lab, JINR, Dubna, Russia. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Inst Rech Subatom, Strasbourg, France. Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Munich, Germany. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Sci & Technol China, Anhui 230027, Peoples R China. Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. SUBATECH, Nantes, France. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Hua Zhong Normal Univ, Inst Particle Phys, CCNU, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. EM rlj@mail.ustc.edu.cn RI Skoro, Goran/P-1229-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Dogra, Sunil /B-5330-2013; Kisiel, Adam/O-8754-2015; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Skoro, Goran/F-3642-2010; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Chen, Yu/E-3788-2012; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/G-8915-2013; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Dong, Xin/G-1799-2014 OI Skoro, Goran/0000-0001-7745-9045; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Kisiel, Adam/0000-0001-8322-9510; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Mohanty, Bedangadas/0000-0001-9610-2914; Gutierrez, Thomas/0000-0002-0330-6414; Bhasin, Anju/0000-0002-3687-8179; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/0000-0002-5187-2779; Dong, Xin/0000-0001-9083-5906 NR 51 TC 110 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUN 9 PY 2005 VL 616 IS 1-2 BP 8 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2005.04.041 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 933SS UT WOS:000229653800002 ER PT J AU Chen, W Joly, AG McCready, DE AF Chen, W Joly, AG McCready, DE TI Upconversion luminescence from CdSe nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ANTI-STOKES PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; CDTE QUANTUM DOTS; CDSE/ZNSE NANOSTRUCTURES; SOLID-STATE; NANOCRYSTALS; EXCITATION AB Efficient upconversion luminescence has been observed from CdSe nanoparticles ranging in size from 2.5 to 6 nm. The upconversion luminescence exhibits a near-quadratic laser power dependence. Emissions from both excitons and trap states are observed in the upconversion and photoluminescence spectra, and in the upconversion luminescence the emission from the trap states is enhanced relative to the trap-state emission in the photoluminescence. The upconversion decay lifetimes are slightly longer than the photoluminescence decay lifetimes. Time-resolved spectral measurements indicate that this is due to the involvement of long decay components from surface or trap states. Both the photoluminescence and upconversion luminescence decrease in intensity with increasing temperature due mainly to thermal quenching. All the observations indicate that trap states work as emitters rather than as intermediate states for upconversion luminescence and that two-photon absorption is the likely excitation mechanism. C1 Nomad Inc, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Nomad Inc, 1024 S Innovat Way, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. EM wchen@nomadics.com FU NCI NIH HHS [1R43CA110091-01, 1R43CA94403-1] NR 33 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 8 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 22 AR 224708 DI 10.1063/1.1930828 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 936LW UT WOS:000229858500062 PM 15974704 ER PT J AU Hellberg, F Zhaunerchyk, V Ehlerding, A Geppert, WD Larsson, M Thomas, RD Bannister, ME Bahati, E Vane, CR Osterdahl, F Hlavenka, P af Ugglas, M AF Hellberg, F Zhaunerchyk, V Ehlerding, A Geppert, WD Larsson, M Thomas, RD Bannister, ME Bahati, E Vane, CR Osterdahl, F Hlavenka, P af Ugglas, M TI Investigating the breakup dynamics of dihydrogen sulfide ions recombining with electrons SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISSOCIATIVE RECOMBINATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; BRANCHING RATIOS; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; 121.6 NM; PHOTODISSOCIATION; EXCITATION; H2O+; H2S; RESOLUTION AB This paper presents results concerning measurements of the dissociative recombination (DR) of dihydrogen sulfide ions. In combination with the ion storage ring CRYRING an imaging technique was used to investigate the breakup dynamics of the three-body channel in the DR of (SD2+)-S-32. The two energetically available product channels S(P-3)+2D(S-2) and S(D-1)+2D(S-2) were both populated, with a branching fraction of the ground-state channel of 0.6(0.1). Information about the angle between the two deuterium atoms upon dissociation was obtained together with information about how the available kinetic energy was distributed between the two light fragments. The recombination cross sections as functions of energy in the interval of 1 meV to 0.3 eV in the center-of-mass frame are presented for (SH2+)-S-34. The thermal rate coefficient for the DR of (SH2+)-S-34 was determined to be (4.8 +/- 1.0)x10(-7)(T/300)(-0.72 +/- 0.1) cm(3) s(-1) over this interval. C1 Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Charles Univ Prague, Dept Elect & Vacuum Phys, Math & Phys Fac, Prague 8, Czech Republic. Stockholm Univ, Manne Siegbahn Lab, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Hellberg, F (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM hellberg@physto.se RI Zhaunerchyk, Vitali/E-9751-2016 NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 8 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 22 AR 224314 DI 10.1063/1.1930830 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 936LW UT WOS:000229858500033 PM 15974675 ER PT J AU Masunov, A Tretiak, S Hong, JW Liu, B Bazan, GC AF Masunov, A Tretiak, S Hong, JW Liu, B Bazan, GC TI Theoretical study of the effects of solvent environment on photophysical properties and electronic structure of paracyclophane chromophores SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; POLARIZABLE CONTINUUM MODEL; PI-CONJUGATED MOLECULES; SELF-CONSISTENT-FIELD; TRANS-STILBENE; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NONEQUILIBRIUM SOLVATION; ORGANIC CHROMOPHORES; TORSIONAL POTENTIALS AB We use first-principles quantum-chemical approaches to study absorption and emission properties of recently synthesized distyrylbenzene (DSB) derivative chromophores and their dimers (two DSB molecules linked through a [2.2]paracyclophane moiety). Several solvent models are applied to model experimentally observed shifts and radiative lifetimes in Stokes nonpolar organic solvents (toluene) and water. The molecular environment is simulated using the implicit solvation models, as well as explicit water molecules and counterions. Calculations show that neither implicit nor explicit solvent models are sufficient to reproduce experimental observations. The contact pair between the chromophore and counterion, on the other hand, is able to reproduce the experimental data when a partial screening effect of the solvent is taken into account. Based on our simulations we suggest two mechanisms for the excited-state lifetime increase in aqueous solutions. These findings may have a number of implications for organic light-emitting devices, electronic functionalities of soluble polymers and molecular fluorescent labels, and their possible applications as biosensors and charge/energy conduits in nanoassemblies. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Masunov, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM amasunov@t12.lanl.gov RI Masunov, Artem/A-1745-2011; Tretiak, Sergei/B-5556-2009; Liu, Bin/K-6445-2012; Bazan, Guillermo/B-7625-2014 OI Masunov, Artem/0000-0003-4924-3380; Tretiak, Sergei/0000-0001-5547-3647; Liu, Bin/0000-0002-0956-2777; NR 69 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 8 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 22 AR 224505 DI 10.1063/1.1878732 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 936LW UT WOS:000229858500047 PM 15974689 ER PT J AU Redington, RL Redington, TE Blake, TA Sams, RL Johnson, TJ AF Redington, RL Redington, TE Blake, TA Sams, RL Johnson, TJ TI O-18 effects on the infrared spectrum and skeletal tunneling of tropolone SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID JET-COOLED TROPOLONE; FLUORESCENCE EXCITATION SPECTRUM; VIBRATION-ROTATION INTERACTION; ELECTRONIC-SPECTRA; IR-SPECTRA; PROTON-TRANSFER; FTIR SPECTRUM; STATE; MALONALDEHYDE; SPECTROSCOPY AB Infrared-absorption profiles observed for vibrational transitions of gaseous tropolone often show sharp Q branch peaks, some of them ultranarrow spikes, indicative of the band origins for vibrational state-specific spectral tunneling doublets. In this work oxygen isotope effects for two CH wagging fundamentals, the COH torsion fundamental, and the skeletal contortion fundamental are reported. They allow considerations to be given: (1) oxygen isotope effects on the vibrational frequencies and state-specific tunneling splittings; (2) the asymmetry offset of the potential-energy minima for O-16 and O-18 tropolone; and (3) additional details concerning previously proposed high J rotation-contortion resonances in the contortional fundamental. The new results help to characterize the skeletal contortion fundamental and support the joint participation of skeletal tunneling with H tunneling in the vibrational state-specific tautomerization processes of tropolone in its ground electronic state. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Redington, RL (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM richard.redington@ttu.edu NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 8 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 22 AR 224311 DI 10.1063/1.1897367 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 936LW UT WOS:000229858500030 PM 15974672 ER PT J AU Chong, SS Jobic, H Plazanet, M Sholl, DS AF Chong, SS Jobic, H Plazanet, M Sholl, DS TI Concentration dependence of transport diffusion of ethane in silicalite: A comparison between neutron scattering experiments and atomically detailed simulations SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; MFI ZEOLITE; N-ALKANES; DIFFUSIVITIES; EQUILIBRIUM; ZSM-5; CF4; METHANE; FIELD AB We have compared the concentration-dependent transport diffusivity of ethane in silicalite at 300 K using neutron scattering experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. These two methods give results that are in very good quantitative agreement. The corrected diffusivity of ethane in silicalite decreases strongly with increasing loading, in marked contrast to the behavior of methane under the same conditions. At high loadings, the ethane diffusivities exhibit non-monotonicity that is related to the existence of an inflection point in the adsorption isotherm. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Inst Rech Catalyse, CNRS, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. RP Sholl, DS (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM sholl@andrew.cmu.edu RI Garcia-Sanchez, Almudena/B-3303-2009 NR 27 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 7 PY 2005 VL 408 IS 1-3 BP 157 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.04.023 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 933TG UT WOS:000229655200029 ER PT J AU Cocalia, VA Jensen, MP Holbrey, JD Spear, SK Stepinski, DC Rogers, RD AF Cocalia, VA Jensen, MP Holbrey, JD Spear, SK Stepinski, DC Rogers, RD TI Identical extraction behavior and coordination of trivalent or hexavalent f-element cations using ionic liquid and molecular solvents SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; PHOSPHINIC ACID; SULFATE-SOLUTION; SEPARATION; COMPLEXES; PRECONCENTRATION; LANTHANIDES; CYANEX-272; ACTINIDE AB The extraction of both UO22+ and trivalent lanthanide and actinide ions (Am3+, Nd3+, Eu3+) by dialkylphosphoric or dialkylphosphinic acids from aqueous solutions into the ionic liquid, 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide has been studied and compared to extractions into dodecane. Radiotracer partitioning measurements show comparable patterns of distribution ratios for both the ionic liquid/aqueous and dodecane/aqueous systems, and the limiting slopes at low acidity indicate the partitioning of neutral complexes in both solvent systems. The metal ion coordination environment, elucidated from EXAFS and UV-visible spectroscopy measurements, is equivalent in the ionic liquid and dodecane solutions with coordination of the uranyl cation by two hydrogen-bonded extractant dimers, and of the trivalent cations by three extractant dimers. This is the first definitive report of a system where both the biphasic extraction equilibria and metal coordination environment are the same in an ionic liquid and a molecular organic solvent. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Alabama, Ctr Green Mfg, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Jensen, MP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mjensen@anl.gov; rdrogers@bama.ua.edu RI Jensen, Mark/G-9131-2012; Rogers, Robin/C-8265-2013; OI Jensen, Mark/0000-0003-4494-6693; Rogers, Robin/0000-0001-9843-7494; Holbrey, John/0000-0002-3084-8438 NR 43 TC 146 Z9 148 U1 7 U2 82 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PD JUN 7 PY 2005 IS 11 BP 1966 EP 1971 DI 10.1039/b502016f PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 937CJ UT WOS:000229901900026 PM 15909044 ER PT J AU Hall, H Sullivan, JC Rickert, PG Nash, KL AF Hall, H Sullivan, JC Rickert, PG Nash, KL TI Kinetics of the reaction of U(VI) with benzene-1,2-diphosphonic acid SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID SUBSTITUTED DIPHOSPHONIC ACIDS; ION-EXCHANGE RESIN; CHLOROPHOSPHONAZO-III; COMPLEXATION REACTIONS; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; ACTINIDE IONS; METAL-IONS; DIOXOURANIUM(VI); NP(V) AB The kinetics of the reaction between dioxouranium(VI) and benzene-1,2-diphosphonic acid (BzDPA) has been investigated by stopped-flow spectrophotometry. The rate of reaction of uranyl ions with Arsenazo III (2,7-bis(2,2'-arsonophenylazo)-1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulfonic acid) in 50 : 50 methanol-water solutions was also determined. Both formation and dissociation rate constants for the 1 : 1 complex between uranyl-BzDPA in acidic solutions were resolved. To gain insight into the effect of solvation on the progress of the reaction, the system was studied in triply distilled water, in 50 : 50 methanol-water, 80 : 20 methanol-water and in 50 : 50 tert-butanol-water as a function of temperature at pH 1.0. The rates of complex formation and dissociation reactions decrease as methanol substitutes for water in the medium and further decrease as tert-butanol replaces methanol as co-solvent. Activation parameters are most consistent with an associative process governing the progress of both complex formation and dissociation reactions. Introduction of alcoholic co-solvents results in notably more negative activation entropies for both complex formation and dissociation reactions, while the activation enthalpies are only slightly reduced in the mixed methanol-water medium. These results are compared with the kinetic features of other U(VI) systems. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Nash, KL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, POB 644630, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PD JUN 7 PY 2005 IS 11 BP 2011 EP 2016 DI 10.1039/b503601a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 937CJ UT WOS:000229901900034 PM 15909052 ER PT J AU Botar, B Geletii, YV Kogerler, P Musaev, DG Morokuma, K Weinstock, IA Hill, CL AF Botar, B Geletii, YV Kogerler, P Musaev, DG Morokuma, K Weinstock, IA Hill, CL TI Asymmetric terminal ligation on substituted sites in a disorder-free Keggin anion, [beta-SiFe2W10O36(OH)(2)(H2O)Cl](5-) SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; COMPLEXES; EXCHANGE; DENSITY; HETEROPOLYTUNGSTATES; SILICOTUNGSTATE; EPOXIDATION; W-183 AB A new monomeric diiron beta-Keggin derivative, [(CH3),NH2](5)[beta-SiFe2W10O36(OH)(2)(H2O)Cl]center dot 7H(2)O (1) with non-adjacent substituted sites has been obtained in good yield by reaction of Fe(III) cations with [gamma-SiW10O36](8-) in aqueous solution. The use of hydrogen bonding counter-cations produced a disorder-free polyanion. This situation facilitates unequivocal identification of the terminal ligands on Fe atoms and interpretation of the magnetic properties, which are also addressed by DFT calculations. Electrochemical studies establish that 1 can be step-wise reduced by two electrons and then reversibly oxidized. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Emory Univ, Emerson Ctr Sci Computat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Hill, CL (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Chem, 1515 Pierce Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM chill@emory.edu RI Geletii, Yurii/B-3930-2014; Kogerler, Paul/H-5866-2013 OI Geletii, Yurii/0000-0002-2287-330X; Kogerler, Paul/0000-0001-7831-3953 NR 39 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PD JUN 7 PY 2005 IS 11 BP 2017 EP 2021 DI 10.1039/b503665h PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 937CJ UT WOS:000229901900035 PM 15909053 ER PT J AU Wang, KH Inman, DJ Farrar, CR AF Wang, KH Inman, DJ Farrar, CR TI Modeling and analysis of a cracked composite cantilever beam vibrating in coupled bending and torsion SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB The coupled bending and torsional vibration of a fiber-reinforced composite cantilever with an edge surface crack is investigated. The model is based on linear fracture mechanics, the Castigliano theorem and classical lamination theory. The crack is modeled with a local flexibility matrix such that the cantilever beam is replaced with two intact beams with the crack as the additional boundary condition. The coupling of bending and torsion can result from either the material properties or the surface crack. For the unidirectional fiber-reinforced composite, analysis indicates that changes in natural frequencies and the corresponding mode shapes depend on not only the crack location and ratio, but also the material properties (fiber orientation, fiber volume fraction). The frequency spectrum along with changes in mode shapes may help detect a possible surface crack (location and magnitude) of the composite structure, such as a high aspect ratio aircraft wing. The coupling of bending and torsion due to a surface crack may serve as a damage prognosis tool of a composite wing that is initially designed with bending and torsion decoupled by noting the effect of the crack on the flutter speed of the aircraft. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Ctr Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Appl Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Inman, DJ (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Ctr Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, Dept Mech Engn, 310 Durham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM dinman@vt.edu RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012 NR 18 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD JUN 7 PY 2005 VL 284 IS 1-2 BP 23 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2004.06.027 PG 27 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 924EZ UT WOS:000228963000002 ER PT J AU Lee, B Im, HJ Luo, HM Hagaman, EW Dai, S AF Lee, B Im, HJ Luo, HM Hagaman, EW Dai, S TI Synthesis and characterization of periodic mesoporous organosilicas as anion exchange resins for perrhenate adsorption SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID HYBRID MESOSCOPIC MATERIALS; NUCLEAR-WASTE TREATMENT; IONIC LIQUIDS; CHANNEL WALLS; SOL-GEL; AMERICIUM SEPARATIONS; ORGANIC GROUPS; SILICA-GEL; TEMPLATES; CRYSTAL AB A new methodology to immobilize ionic liquids through the use of a bridged silsesquioxane N-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl),N(3)-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl-4,5-dihydroimidazolium iodide that incorporates an ionic functionality for the assembly of novel periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) materials has been developed. The resulting PMO materials were investigated for use as novel anion exchange resins for the separation of perrhenate anions in aqueous solution. As compared with cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, 1-hexadecane-3-methylimidazolium bromide has been demonstrated to be a more efficient surfactant template for the generation of mesopores and surface areas for such PMO materials. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dais@ornl.gov RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 51 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUN 7 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 12 BP 5372 EP 5376 DI 10.1021/la050313d PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 934OK UT WOS:000229717900024 PM 15924464 ER PT J AU Bubeck, RA Dvornic, PR Hu, J Hexemer, A Li, XF Keinath, SE Fischer, DA AF Bubeck, RA Dvornic, PR Hu, J Hexemer, A Li, XF Keinath, SE Fischer, DA TI Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) studies of copper ion-containing PAMAMOS dendrimer networks SO MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dendrimer networks; dendrimers; nanocomposites; NEXAFS; PAMAMOS ID CORE EXCITATION SPECTROSCOPY; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; STARBURST DENDRIMERS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MODEL COMPOUNDS; COMPLEXES; SPECTRA; EPR; POLY(ETHYLENE-TEREPHTHALATE); SPECTROMICROSCOPY AB The interaction of Cu2+ with C, N and O moieties in nanocomposites containing copper ions complexed in poly(amidoamine-organosilicon), PAMAMOS, dendrimer networks was characterized using near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS). The effects on the 1s -> pi* and 1s -> sigma* orbital transitions were determined at the C, N and O K edges. The influence of Cu2+ on the transitions of 1s -> pi*(N-H) at 401 eV, and 1s -> sigma*(N-C) type transitions at 412 eV within the N edge increased with increasing Cu2+ content up to the theoretical limit of the copper-accommodating capacity of the PAMAMOS dendrimer used. As ligands, the carbonyls were found to saturate at much lower Cu2+ concentrations compared with those associated with N. C1 Michigan Mol Inst, Midland, MI 48640 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bubeck, RA (reprint author), Michigan Mol Inst, 1910 W St Andrews Rd, Midland, MI 48640 USA. EM bubeck@mmi.org NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1352 J9 MACROMOL CHEM PHYSIC JI Macromol. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 7 PY 2005 VL 206 IS 11 BP 1146 EP 1153 DI 10.1002/macp.200400341 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 934VQ UT WOS:000229737500010 ER PT J AU Dixit, NM Perelson, AS AF Dixit, NM Perelson, AS TI HIV dynamics with multiple infections of target cells SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE multiple infection; recombination; scaling; CD4 down-modulation; mathematical model ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; T-CELLS; DOWN-MODULATION; LYMPHOID-TISSUE; VIRAL DYNAMICS; RECOMBINATION; CD4; THERAPY; CONSEQUENCES; MECHANISMS AB The high incidence of multiple infections of cells by HIV sets the stage for rapid HIV evolution by means of recombination. Yet how HIV dynamics proceeds with multiple infections remains poorly understood. Here, we present a mathematical model that describes the dynamics of viral, target cell, and multiply infected cell subpopulations during HIV infection. Model calculations reproduce several experimental observations and provide key insights into the influence of multiple infections on HIV dynamics. We find that the experimentally observed scaling law, that the number of cells coinfected with two distinctly labeled viruses is proportional to the square of the total number of infected cells, can be generalized so that the number of triply infected cells is proportional to the cube of the number of infected cells, etc. Despite the expectation from Poisson statistics, we find that this scaling relationship only holds under certain conditions, which we predict. We also find that multiple infections do not influence viral dynamics when the rate of viral production from infected cells is independent of the number of times the cells are infected, a regime expected when viral production is limited by cellular rather than viral factors. This result may explain why extant models, which ignore multiple infections, successfully describe viral dynamics in HIV patients. Inhibiting CD4 down-modulation increases the average number of infections per cell. Consequently, altering CD4 down-modulation may allow for an experimental determination of whether viral or cellular factors limit viral production. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Perelson, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM asp@lanl.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [R01 RR006555, RR06555]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI28433, R37 AI028433, R01 AI028433] NR 32 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 7 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 23 BP 8198 EP 8203 DI 10.1073/pnas.0407498102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 933RL UT WOS:000229650500024 PM 15928092 ER PT J AU Zaitseva, N Manna, L Gerion, D Saw, CK AF Zaitseva, N Manna, L Gerion, D Saw, CK TI Comment: Precipitation of selenium from CdSe nanocrystal solutions SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Letter ID MONODISPERSE NANOCRYSTALS; SUPERLATTICES; ORGANIZATION C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. INFM, Natl Nanotechnol Lab, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. RP Zaitseva, N (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM zaitseva1@llnl.gov RI Manna, Liberato/G-2339-2010; OI Manna, Liberato/0000-0003-4386-7985; Gaponik, Nikolai/0000-0002-8827-2881 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JUN 6 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 11 BP 1321 EP 1324 DI 10.1002/adma.200401597 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 934OP UT WOS:000229718400001 ER PT J AU Choi, HJ Seong, HK Chang, J Lee, KI Park, YJ Kim, JJ Lee, SK He, RR Kuykendall, T Yang, PD AF Choi, HJ Seong, HK Chang, J Lee, KI Park, YJ Kim, JJ Lee, SK He, RR Kuykendall, T Yang, PD TI Single-crystalline diluted magnetic semiconductor GaN : Mn nanowires SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM-EPITAXY; FERROMAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; IMPLANTED GAN; SPINTRONICS; OXIDES; FILMS AB Current information technology relies on two independent processes: charge-based information processing (microprocessors) and spin-based data storage (magnetic hard drives).([1-5]) The prospect of simultaneously manipulating both charge and spin in a single semiconductor medium is provided by the exciting area of spintronics. Among many others, diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) represent the most promising candidates for such applications. ([1-7]) Herein we report on the magneto- and optoelectronic properties of single-crystalline diluted magnetic semiconductor nanowires Ga1-xMnxN (x=0.01-0.09). These nanowires, which have diameters of similar to 10-100 nm and lengths of up to tens of micrometers, exhibit ferromagnetism with Curie temperatures (T(C)s) above 300 K and magnetoresistances (MRs) up to 250 K. Spin-dependent electron transport from single-nanowire transistors indicates the homogeneous nature of the ferromagnetic nanowires. C1 Yonsei Univ, Sch Adv Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Future Technol Res Div, Seoul 136791, South Korea. Chonbuk Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Chonju 561756, South Korea. Chonbuk Natl Univ, Dept Semicond Sci & Technol, Chonju 561756, South Korea. RP Choi, HJ (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Sch Adv Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM hjc@yonsei.ac.kr; p_yang@berkeley.edu RI Choi, Heon-Jin/G-7450-2012 NR 21 TC 146 Z9 148 U1 2 U2 31 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JUN 6 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 11 BP 1351 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200401706 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 934OP UT WOS:000229718400004 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZT Rondinone, AJ Ma, JX Shen, J Dai, S AF Zhang, ZT Rondinone, AJ Ma, JX Shen, J Dai, S TI Morphologically templated growth of aligned spinel CoFe2O4 nanorods SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FERRITE; NANOPARTICLES; NANOSTRUCTURES; MICROEMULSION; FABRICATION; NANOWIRE; ARRAYS; SIZE; CO AB Uniaxially aligned CoFe2O4 nanorods (see Figure) are obtained by coprecipitation of Co2+, Fe2+, and C2O42- ions in a microemulsion solution, and subsequent high-temperature decomposition of CoFe2(C2O4)(3). Each nanorod is made up of a "tectonic" assembly of CoTe2O4 nanocrystals. Magnetization of such CoFe2O4 materials may lead to their use in high-density magnetic recording media and high-performance electromagnetic and spintronic devices. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dais@ornl.gov RI Rondinone, Adam/F-6489-2013; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Rondinone, Adam/0000-0003-0020-4612; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 24 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 11 U2 84 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JUN 6 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 11 BP 1415 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200500009 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 934OP UT WOS:000229718400019 ER PT J AU Ghosh, S Sih, V Lau, WH Awschalom, DD Bae, SY Wang, S Vaidya, S Chapline, G AF Ghosh, S Sih, V Lau, WH Awschalom, DD Bae, SY Wang, S Vaidya, S Chapline, G TI Room-temperature spin coherence in ZnO SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DOPED ZNO; RELAXATION; RESONANCE; FILMS AB Time-resolved optical techniques are used to explore electron spin dynamics in bulk and epilayer samples of n-type ZnO as a function of temperature and magnetic field. The bulk sample yields a spin coherence time T-2* of 20 ns at T=30 K. Epilayer samples, grown by pulsed laser deposition, show a maximum T-2* of 2 ns at T= 10 K, with spin precession persisting up to T= 280 K. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ctr Spintron & Quantum Computat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ghosh, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ctr Spintron & Quantum Computat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM awsch@physics.ucsb.edu RI Sih, Vanessa/A-6123-2010 OI Sih, Vanessa/0000-0001-5933-5989 NR 19 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 6 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 23 AR 232507 DI 10.1063/1.1946204 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 939QL UT WOS:000230087400037 ER PT J AU Woo, W Choo, H Brown, DW Bourke, MAM Feng, ZL David, SA Hubbard, CR Liaw, PK AF Woo, W Choo, H Brown, DW Bourke, MAM Feng, ZL David, SA Hubbard, CR Liaw, PK TI Deconvoluting the influences of heat and plastic deformation on internal strains generated by friction stir processing SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RESIDUAL-STRESSES; ALUMINUM; WELDS; MICROSTRUCTURE; ALLOY AB Internal-strain profiles in friction-stir processed aluminum-alloy plates were investigated using neutron diffraction. Three different specimens were prepared with a purpose of separating the effects of frictional heating and severe plastic deformation on the internal-strain distribution: (Case 1) a plate processed with both stirring pin and tool shoulder, (Case 2) a plate processed only with the tool shoulder, and (Case 3) a plate processed only with the pin. The comparison between Cases 1 and 2 shows distinctly different strain profiles revealing deconvoluted effects of the different sources (i.e., heat, deformation, or the combination) on the internal strains generated during the friction-stir processing. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Choo, H (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM hchoo@utk.edu RI Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009; Feng, Zhili/H-9382-2012 OI Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907; Feng, Zhili/0000-0001-6573-7933 NR 13 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 6 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 23 AR 231902 DI 10.1063/1.1944207 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 939QL UT WOS:000230087400011 ER PT J AU Carena, M Megevand, A Quiros, M Wagner, CEM AF Carena, M Megevand, A Quiros, M Wagner, CEM TI Electroweak baryogenesis and new TeV fermions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Review ID SUPERSYMMETRIC STANDARD MODEL; PHASE-TRANSITION DYNAMICS; ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENTS; WEINBERG-SALAM THEORY; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; DIMENSIONAL REDUCTION; BARYON ASYMMETRY; EARLY UNIVERSE; CP-VIOLATION; FIELD-THEORY AB New fermions, strongly coupled to the standard model Higgs boson, provide a well motivated extension of the standard model (SM). In this work we show that, once new physics at heavier scales is added to stabilize the Higgs potential, such an extension of the SM can strengthen the first-order electroweak phase transition and make the electroweak baryogenesis mechanism feasible. We propose a SM extension with TeV Higgsinos, Winos, and Binos that satisfy the following properties: (a) The electroweak phase transition is strong enough to avoid sphaleron erasure in the broken phase for values of the Higgs mass m(H) less than or similar to 300 GeV; (b) It provides large CP-violating currents that lead to the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe for natural values of the CP-violating phase; (c) It also provides a natural dark matter candidate that can reproduce the observed dark matter density; (d) It is consistent with electroweak precision measurements; (e) It may arise from a softly broken supersymmetric theory with an extra (asymptotically free) gauge sector; (f) It may be tested by electron electric dipole moment experiments in the near future. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, IFAE, Theoret Phys Grp, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM quiros@ifae.es NR 108 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 EI 1873-1562 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD JUN 6 PY 2005 VL 716 IS 1-2 BP 319 EP 351 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2005.03.025 PG 33 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 932RW UT WOS:000229572100014 ER PT J AU Kazul'kin, DN Ryabov, AN Izmer, VV Churakov, AV Beletskaya, IP Burns, CJ Voskoboynikov, AZ AF Kazul'kin, DN Ryabov, AN Izmer, VV Churakov, AV Beletskaya, IP Burns, CJ Voskoboynikov, AZ TI Zirconium complexes involving 2-phosphorus-substituted indenyl fragments SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID C-COUPLING REACTIONS; WATER-SOLUBLE PHOSPHINES; X-RAY; METALLOCENE COMPLEXES; PROPENE POLYMERIZATION; PYRAMIDAL INVERSION; ARYL HALIDES; LIGANDS; DERIVATIVES; CATALYSTS AB A series of 2-R2P-substituted indenes, where R2P = Ph2P, Cy2P, (Pr2P)-Pr-i, and Bu-t(H)P, were obtained via Pd-catalyzed reactions of 2-bromo-1H-indene (or 1H-inden-2-yl trifluoromethane sulfonate) with R2PH/Et3N. Analogous indenes bearing Me2P, Bu-t(Cl)P, and (Bu2P)-Bu-t substituents at position 2 were obtained through the reaction of 1H-inden-2-ylphosphonous dichloride with MeLi, (BuMgCl)-Bu-t, and (BuMgCl)-Bu-t/(BuLi)-Bu-t-CuCN, respectively. Diethyl 1H-inden-2-ylphosphonate, prepared via the Ni-catalyzed Arbuzov reaction of 2-bromo-1H-indene with P(OEt)(3), was found to be a convenient starting material for the synthesis of 2-H2P-substituted indene. 1H-Inden-2-yl(phenyl)phosphine, prepared via the Pd-catalyzed arylation of 2-H2P-substituted indene by PhI, turned out to react with 2-bromo-1H-indene in the presence of Pd(PPh3)(4) and Et3N to form di(1H-inden-2-yl)(phenyl)phosphine in almost quantitative yield. Analogously, di(1H-inden-2-yl)(tert-butyl)phosphine was prepared via catalytic reaction of (BuPH2)-Bu-t with 2 equiv of 2-bromo-1H-indene. Triethylamine-promoted condensation of indenes bearing P(H)tBu and P(Cl)tBu fragments gave a mixture of cis- and trans-bis-indenyldiphosphines. Zirconium complexes (2-R2P-indenyl)(2)ZrCl2 (R2P = Ph2P, Me2P, Cy2P, (Pr2P)-Pr-i, (Bu2P)-Bu-t), as well as ansa-zirconocenes RP(2-indenyl)(2)ZrCl2 (R = Ph, Bu-t), were obtained in good yields from ZrCl4(THF)(2) and lithium salts of the respective 2-P-substituted indenes. Ansa-zirconocene ((BUP)-B-t)(2)(2-indenyl)(2)ZrCl2 including a P2R2 bridge was synthesized in a similar manner and isolated as the pure rac-isomer. C1 Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Chem, Moscow 119992, Russia. NS Kurnakov Inst Gen & Inorgan Chem, Moscow 119991, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab Chem Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Voskoboynikov, AZ (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Chem, Leninskie Gory GSP-2, Moscow 119992, Russia. EM voskoboy@org.chem.msu.ru RI Churakov, Andrei/N-9225-2015; Beletskaya, Irina/H-3684-2016 NR 72 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD JUN 6 PY 2005 VL 24 IS 12 BP 3024 EP 3035 DI 10.1021/om050236h PG 12 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 932SV UT WOS:000229574600025 ER PT J AU Protopopescu, V Barhen, J Amselem, G Dahan, J AF Protopopescu, V Barhen, J Amselem, G Dahan, J TI Non-Lipschitzian control algorithm for a 2d nanofriction model SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE non-Lipschitzian control; global targeting; Frenkel-Kontorova model; nanofriction ID STICK-SLIP MOTION; FRICTION AB We present a new feedback control algorithm for quantities describing global features of nonlinear dynamical systems. The algorithm, which is based on the concepts of non-Lipschitzian dynamics, is first analyzed in a general multi-dimensional framework for various targeted quantities and control scenarios. For all these situations we derive the linear stability of the targeted trajectory and show that the time needed to reach it is finite. Thus we underscore the efficiency and robustness of the non-Lipschitzian feedback with respect to the ordinary (Lipschitzian) feedback. We illustrate the algorithm on the 2d Frenkel-Kontorova model for nanofriction. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Ecole Super Phys & Chim Ind Ville Paris, F-75005 Paris, France. RP Protopopescu, V (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM vvp@ornl.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JUN 6 PY 2005 VL 340 IS 1-4 BP 139 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2005.03.079 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 933SN UT WOS:000229653300018 ER PT J AU Merkel, M Loeffler, B Kluger, M Fabig, N Geppert, G Pennacchio, LA Laatsch, A Heeren, J AF Merkel, M Loeffler, B Kluger, M Fabig, N Geppert, G Pennacchio, LA Laatsch, A Heeren, J TI Apolipoprotein AV accelerates plasma hydrolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by interaction with proteoglycan-bound lipoprotein lipase SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; GENE-CLUSTER; CHOLESTEROL LEVELS; TRANSGENIC MICE; KNOCKOUT MICE; HUMAN SERUM; IN-VIVO; A5; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA; HYPERLIPIDEMIA AB Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) is associated with differences in triglyceride levels and familial combined hyperlipidemia. In genetically engineered mice, apoAV plasma levels are inversely correlated with plasma triglycerides. To elucidate the mechanism by which apoAV influences plasma triglycerides, metabolic studies and in vitro assays resembling physiological conditions were performed. In human APOA5 transgenic mice (hAPOA5tr), catabolism of chylomicrons and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) was accelerated due to a faster plasma hydrolysis of triglycerides by lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Hepatic VLDL and intestinal chylomicron production were not affected. The functional interplay between apoAV and LPL was further investigated by cross-breeding a human LPL transgene with the apoa5 knock-out and the hAPOA5tr to an lpl-deficient background. Increased LPL activity completely normalized hypertriglyceridemia of apoa5-deficient mice; however, overexpression of human apoAV modulated triglyceride levels only slightly when LPL was reduced. To reflect the physiological situation in which LPL is bound to cell surface proteoglycans, we examined hydrolysis in the presence or absence of proteoglycans. Without proteoglycans, apoAV derived either from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, hAPOA5tr high density lipoprotein, or a recombinant source did not alter the LPL hydrolysis rate. In the presence of proteoglycans, however, apoAV led to a significant and dose-dependent increase in LPL-mediated hydrolysis of VLDL triglycerides. These results were confirmed in cell culture using a proteoglycan-deficient cell line. A direct interaction between LPL and apoAV was found by ligand blotting. It is proposed, that apoAV reduces triglyceride levels by guiding VLDL and chylomicrons to proteoglycan-bound LPL for lipolysis. C1 Univ Hamburg, Hosp Eppendorf, Dept Internal Med, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Hamburg, Hosp Eppendorf, IBM 2, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genome Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Merkel, M (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Hosp Eppendorf, Dept Internal Med, Martinistr 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany. EM merkel@uke.uni-hamburg.de NR 31 TC 193 Z9 216 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUN 3 PY 2005 VL 280 IS 22 BP 21553 EP 21560 DI 10.1074/jbc.m1142200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 930TA UT WOS:000229438800078 PM 15774484 ER PT J AU Halthore, RN Crisp, D Schwartz, SE Anderson, GP Berk, A Bonnel, B Boucher, O Chang, FL Chou, MD Clothiaux, EE Dubuisson, P Fomin, B Fouquart, Y Freidenreich, S Gautier, C Kato, S Laszlo, I Li, Z Mather, JH Plana-Fattori, A Ramaswamy, V Ricchiazzi, P Shiren, Y Trishchenko, A Wiscombe, W AF Halthore, RN Crisp, D Schwartz, SE Anderson, GP Berk, A Bonnel, B Boucher, O Chang, FL Chou, MD Clothiaux, EE Dubuisson, P Fomin, B Fouquart, Y Freidenreich, S Gautier, C Kato, S Laszlo, I Li, Z Mather, JH Plana-Fattori, A Ramaswamy, V Ricchiazzi, P Shiren, Y Trishchenko, A Wiscombe, W TI Intercomparison of shortwave radiative transfer codes and measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; INHOMOGENEOUS ATMOSPHERES; CLOUD ABSORPTION; WATER-VAPOR; MODELS; SURFACE; PARAMETERIZATION; CLIMATE; APPROXIMATION; IRRADIANCE AB [1] Computation of components of shortwave ( SW) or solar irradiance in the surface-atmospheric system forms the basis of intercomparison between 16 radiative transfer models of varying spectral resolution ranging from line-by-line models to broadband and general circulation models. In order of increasing complexity the components are: direct solar irradiance at the surface, diffuse irradiance at the surface, diffuse upward flux at the surface, and diffuse upward flux at the top of the atmosphere. These components allow computation of the atmospheric absorptance. Four cases are considered from pure molecular atmospheres to atmospheres with aerosols and atmosphere with a simple uniform cloud. The molecular and aerosol cases allow comparison of aerosol forcing calculation among models. A cloud-free case with measured atmospheric and aerosol properties and measured shortwave radiation components provides an absolute basis for evaluating the models. For the aerosol-free and cloud-free dry atmospheres, models agree to within 1% ( root mean square deviation as a percentage of mean) in broadband direct solar irradiance at surface; the agreement is relatively poor at 5% for a humid atmosphere. A comparison of atmospheric absorptance, computed from components of SW radiation, shows that agreement among models is understandably much worse at 3% and 10% for dry and humid atmospheres, respectively. Inclusion of aerosols generally makes the agreement among models worse than when no aerosols are present, with some exceptions. Modeled diffuse surface irradiance is higher than measurements for all models for the same model inputs. Inclusion of an optically thick low-cloud in a tropical atmosphere, a stringent test for multiple scattering calculations, produces, in general, better agreement among models for a low solar zenith angle ( SZA = 30 degrees) than for a high SZA ( 75 degrees). All models show about a 30% increase in broadband absorptance for 30 degrees SZA relative to the clear-sky case and almost no enhancement in absorptance for a higher SZA of 75 degrees, possibly due to water vapor line saturation in the atmosphere above the cloud. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Spectral Sci Inc, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. Univ Lille 1, Opt Atmospher Lab, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Littoral Cote dOpale, ELICO, F-62930 Wimereux, France. IV Kurchatov Atom Energy Inst, Moscow 123182, Russia. Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Ciencias Atmosfer, Inst Astron & Geofis, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11794 USA. Natl Resources Canada, Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y7, Canada. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Branch, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Halthore, RN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM halthore@nrl.navy.mil RI Boucher, Olivier/J-5810-2012; Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Boucher, Olivier/K-7483-2012; Wiscombe, Warren/D-4665-2012; Schwartz, Stephen/C-2729-2008; Li, Zhanqing/F-4424-2010 OI Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; Wiscombe, Warren/0000-0001-6844-9849; Schwartz, Stephen/0000-0001-6288-310X; Li, Zhanqing/0000-0001-6737-382X NR 61 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 3 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D11 AR D11206 DI 10.1029/2004JD005293 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 936BY UT WOS:000229829400001 ER PT J AU Stieglitz, KA Pastra-Landis, SC Xia, JR Tsuruta, H Kantrowitz, ER AF Stieglitz, KA Pastra-Landis, SC Xia, JR Tsuruta, H Kantrowitz, ER TI A single amino acid substitution in the active site of Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamoylase prevents the allosteric transition SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allosteric enzyme; polar contacts; electrostatics; Poisson-Boltzmann equation; small-angle X-ray scattering ID PHOSPHONACETYL-L-ASPARTATE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; CATALYTIC SUBUNIT; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; QUATERNARY-STRUCTURE; T-STATE; BINDING; CARBAMOYLTRANSFERASE; PHOSPHATE; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY AB Modeling of the tetrahedral intermediate within the active site of Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamoylase revealed a specific interaction with the side-chain of Gln137, an interaction not previously observed in the structure of the X-ray enzyme in the presence of N-phosphonacetyl-L-aspartate (PALA). Previous site-specific mutagenesis experiments showed that when Gln137 was replaced by alanine, the resulting mutant enzyme (Q137A) exhibited approximately 50-fold less activity than the wild-type enzyme, exhibited no homotropic cooperativity, and the binding of both carbamoyl phosphate and aspartate were extremely compromised. To elucidate the structural alterations in the mutant enzyme that might lead to such pronounced changes in kinetic and binding properties, the Q137A enzyme was studied by time-resolved, small-angle X-ray scattering and its structure was determined in the presence of PALA to 2.7 angstrom resolution. Time-resolved, small-angle X-ray scattering established that the natural substrates, carbamoyl phosphate and L-aspartate, do not induce in the Q137A enzyme the same conformational changes as observed for the wild-type enzyme, although the scattering pattern of the Q137A and wild-type enzymes in the presence of PALA were identical. The overall structure of the Q137A enzyme is similar to that of the R-state structure of wild-type enzyme with PALA bound. However, there are differences in the manner by which the Q137A enzyme coordinates PALA, especially in the side-chain positions of Arg105 and His134. The replacement of Gln137 by Ala also has a dramatic effect on the electrostatics of the active site. These data taken together suggest that the side-chain of Gln137 in the wild-type enzyme is required for the binding of carbamoyl phosphate in the proper orientation so as to induce conformational changes required for the creation of the high-affinity aspartate-binding site. The inability of carbamoyl phosphate to create the high-affinity binding site in the Q137A enzyme results in an enzyme locked in the low-activity low-affinity T state. These results emphasize the absolute requirement of the binding of carbamoyl phosphate for the creation of the high-affinity aspartate-binding site and for inducing the homotropic cooperativity in aspartate transcarbamoylase. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Boston Coll, Dept Chem, Merkert Chem Ctr, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Wheaton Coll, Dept Chem, Norton, MA 02766 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kantrowitz, ER (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Chem, Merkert Chem Ctr, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM evan.kantrowitz@bc.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41RR01209, P41 RR001209]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM026237, GM26237] NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD JUN 3 PY 2005 VL 349 IS 2 BP 413 EP 423 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.03.073 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 930BR UT WOS:000229391300014 PM 15890205 ER PT J AU Acosta, D Adelman, J Affolder, T Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Anikeev, K Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Arguin, JF Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barker, GJ Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Ben-Haim, E Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Bolla, G Bolshov, A Booth, PSL Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Bourov, S Brau, B Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canelli, F Canepa, A Casarsa, M Carlsmith, D Carron, S Carosi, R Cavalli-Sforza, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, I Cho, K Chokheli, D Chou, JP Chu, ML Chuang, S Chung, JY Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, AG Clark, D Coca, M Connolly, A Convery, M Conway, J Cooper, B Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Cranshaw, J Cuevas, J Culbertson, R Currat, C Cyr, D Dagenhart, D Da Ronco, S D'Auria, S de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S De Lentdecker, G Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demers, S Demortier, L Deng, J Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Dionisi, C Dittmann, JR Dorr, C Doksus, P Dominguez, A Donati, S Donega, M Donini, J D'Onofrio, M Dorigo, T Drollinger, V Ebina, K Eddy, N Efron, J Ehlers, J Ely, R Erbacher, R Erdmann, M Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, I Fedorko, WT Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Flanagan, G Flaugher, B Flores-Castillo, LR Foland, A Forrester, S Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, JC Fujii, Y Furic, I Gajjar, A Gallas, A Galyardt, J Gallinaro, M Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Gerberich, H Gerdes, DW Gerchtein, E Giagu, S Giannetti, P Gibson, A Gibson, K Ginsburg, C Giolo, K Giordani, M Giunta, M Giurgiu, G Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, D Goldstein, J Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gonzalez, O Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Gresele, A Griffiths, M Grosso-Pilcher, C Grundler, U Guenther, M da Costa, JG Haber, C Hahn, K Hahn, SR Halkiadakis, E Hamilton, A Han, BY Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, M Harr, RF Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Hays, C Hayward, H Heider, E Heinemann, B Heinrich, J Hennecke, M Herndon, M Hill, C Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Hoffman, KD Holloway, A Hou, S Houlden, MA Huffman, BT Huang, Y Hughes, RE Huston, J Ikado, K Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ishizawa, Y Issever, C Ivanov, A Iwata, Y Iyutin, B James, E Jang, D Jarrell, J Jeans, D Jensen, H Jeon, EJ Jones, M Joo, KK Jun, SY Junk, T Kamon, T Kang, J Unel, MK Karchin, PE Kartal, S Kato, Y Kemp, Y Kephart, R Kerzel, U Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, MS Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, TH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Knuteson, B Ko, BR Kobayashi, H Koehn, P Kong, DJ Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korn, A Korytov, A Kotelnikov, K Kotwal, AV Kovalev, A Kraus, J Kravchenko, I Kreymer, A Kroll, J Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kuhlmann, SE Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Lai, S Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, J Lancaster, M Lander, R Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lauhakangas, R Lazzizzera, I Le, Y Lecci, C LeCompte, T Lee, J Lee, J Lee, SW Lefevre, R Leonardo, N Leone, S Levy, S Lewis, JD Li, K Lin, C Lin, CS Lindgren, M Liss, TM Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, T Liu, Y Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Loverre, P Lu, RS Lucchesi, D Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lyons, L Lys, J Lysak, R MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Manca, G Marginean, R Marino, C Martin, A Martin, M Martin, V Martinez, M Maruyama, T Matsunaga, H Mattson, M Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McGivern, D McIntyre, PM McNamara, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Menzemer, S Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Messina, A Miao, T Miladinovic, N Miller, L Miller, R Miller, JS Mills, C Miquel, R Miscetti, S Mitselmakher, G Miyamoto, A Miyazaki, Y Moggi, N Mohr, B Moore, R Morello, M Fernandez, PAM Mukherjee, A Mulhearn, M Muller, T Mumford, R Munar, A Murat, P Nachtman, J Nahn, S Nakamura, I Nakano, I Napier, A Napora, R Naumov, D Necula, V Niell, F Nielsen, J Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neubauer, MS Newman-Holmes, C Nigmanov, T Nodulman, L Norniella, O Oesterberg, K Ogawa, T Oh, SH Oh, YD Ohsugi, T Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palencia, E Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Pauly, T Paus, C Pellett, D Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pitts, KT Plager, C Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Portell, X Poukhov, O Prakoshyn, F Pratt, T Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Rademacker, J Rahaman, MA Rakitine, A Rappoccio, S Ratnikov, F Ray, H Reisert, B Rekovic, V Renton, P Rescigno, M Rimondi, F Rinnert, K Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Rott, C Russ, J Rusu, V Ruiz, A Ryan, D Saarikko, H Sabik, S Safonov, A St Denis, R Sakumoto, WK Salamanna, G Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sarkar, S Sato, K Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scott, AL Scribano, A Scuri, F Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semeria, F Sexton-Kennedy, L Sfiligoi, I Shapiro, MD Shears, T Shepard, PF Sherman, D Shimojima, M Shochet, M Shon, Y Shreyber, I Sidoti, A Siegrist, J Siket, M Sill, A Sinervo, P Sisakyan, A Skiba, A Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smirnov, D Smith, JR Snider, FD Snihur, R Soha, A Somalwar, SV Spalding, J Spezziga, M Spiegel, L Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Squillacioti, P Stadie, H Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Strologas, J Stuart, D Sukhanov, A Sumorok, K Sun, H Suzuki, T Taffard, A Tafirout, R Takach, SF Takano, H Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tanaka, R Tanimoto, N Tapprogge, S Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Tesarek, RJ Tether, S Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Tipton, P Tiwari, V Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tomura, T Tonelli, D Tonnesmann, M Torre, S Torretta, D Tourneur, S Trischuk, W Tseng, J Tsuchiya, R Tsuno, S Tsybychev, D Turini, N Turner, M Ukegawa, F Unverhau, T Uozumi, S Usynin, D Vacavant, L Vaiciulis, A Varganov, A Vataga, E Vejcik, S Velev, G Veszpremi, V Veramendi, G Vickey, T Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Vollrath, I Volobouev, I von der Mey, M Wagner, P Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wallny, R Walter, T Yamashita, T Yamamoto, K Wan, Z Wang, MJ Wang, SM Warburton, A Ward, B Waschke, S Waters, D Watts, T Weber, M Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolfe, C Wolter, M Worcester, M Worm, S Wright, T Wu, X Wurthwein, F Wyatt, A Yagil, A Yang, C Yang, UK Yao, W Yeh, GP Yi, K Yoh, J Yoon, P Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zaw, I Zetti, F Zhou, J Zsenei, A Zucchelli, S AF Acosta, D Adelman, J Affolder, T Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Anikeev, K Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Arguin, JF Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barker, GJ Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Ben-Haim, E Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Bolla, G Bolshov, A Booth, PSL Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Bourov, S Brau, B Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canelli, F Canepa, A Casarsa, M Carlsmith, D Carron, S Carosi, R Cavalli-Sforza, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, I Cho, K Chokheli, D Chou, JP Chu, ML Chuang, S Chung, JY Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, AG Clark, D Coca, M Connolly, A Convery, M Conway, J Cooper, B Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Cranshaw, J Cuevas, J Culbertson, R Currat, C Cyr, D Dagenhart, D Da Ronco, S D'Auria, S de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S De Lentdecker, G Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demers, S Demortier, L Deng, J Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Dionisi, C Dittmann, JR Dorr, C Doksus, P Dominguez, A Donati, S Donega, M Donini, J D'Onofrio, M Dorigo, T Drollinger, V Ebina, K Eddy, N Efron, J Ehlers, J Ely, R Erbacher, R Erdmann, M Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, I Fedorko, WT Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Flanagan, G Flaugher, B Flores-Castillo, LR Foland, A Forrester, S Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, JC Fujii, Y Furic, I Gajjar, A Gallas, A Galyardt, J Gallinaro, M Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Gerberich, H Gerdes, DW Gerchtein, E Giagu, S Giannetti, P Gibson, A Gibson, K Ginsburg, C Giolo, K Giordani, M Giunta, M Giurgiu, G Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, D Goldstein, J Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gonzalez, O Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Gresele, A Griffiths, M Grosso-Pilcher, C Grundler, U Guenther, M da Costa, JG Haber, C Hahn, K Hahn, SR Halkiadakis, E Hamilton, A Han, BY Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, M Harr, RF Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Hays, C Hayward, H Heider, E Heinemann, B Heinrich, J Hennecke, M Herndon, M Hill, C Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Hoffman, KD Holloway, A Hou, S Houlden, MA Huffman, BT Huang, Y Hughes, RE Huston, J Ikado, K Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ishizawa, Y Issever, C Ivanov, A Iwata, Y Iyutin, B James, E Jang, D Jarrell, J Jeans, D Jensen, H Jeon, EJ Jones, M Joo, KK Jun, SY Junk, T Kamon, T Kang, J Unel, MK Karchin, PE Kartal, S Kato, Y Kemp, Y Kephart, R Kerzel, U Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, MS Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, TH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Knuteson, B Ko, BR Kobayashi, H Koehn, P Kong, DJ Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korn, A Korytov, A Kotelnikov, K Kotwal, AV Kovalev, A Kraus, J Kravchenko, I Kreymer, A Kroll, J Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kuhlmann, SE Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Lai, S Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, J Lancaster, M Lander, R Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lauhakangas, R Lazzizzera, I Le, Y Lecci, C LeCompte, T Lee, J Lee, J Lee, SW Lefevre, R Leonardo, N Leone, S Levy, S Lewis, JD Li, K Lin, C Lin, CS Lindgren, M Liss, TM Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, T Liu, Y Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Loverre, P Lu, RS Lucchesi, D Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lyons, L Lys, J Lysak, R MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Manca, G Marginean, R Marino, C Martin, A Martin, M Martin, V Martinez, M Maruyama, T Matsunaga, H Mattson, M Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McGivern, D McIntyre, PM McNamara, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Menzemer, S Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Messina, A Miao, T Miladinovic, N Miller, L Miller, R Miller, JS Mills, C Miquel, R Miscetti, S Mitselmakher, G Miyamoto, A Miyazaki, Y Moggi, N Mohr, B Moore, R Morello, M Fernandez, PAM Mukherjee, A Mulhearn, M Muller, T Mumford, R Munar, A Murat, P Nachtman, J Nahn, S Nakamura, I Nakano, I Napier, A Napora, R Naumov, D Necula, V Niell, F Nielsen, J Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neubauer, MS Newman-Holmes, C Nigmanov, T Nodulman, L Norniella, O Oesterberg, K Ogawa, T Oh, SH Oh, YD Ohsugi, T Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palencia, E Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Pauly, T Paus, C Pellett, D Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pitts, KT Plager, C Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Portell, X Poukhov, O Prakoshyn, F Pratt, T Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Rademacker, J Rahaman, MA Rakitine, A Rappoccio, S Ratnikov, F Ray, H Reisert, B Rekovic, V Renton, P Rescigno, M Rimondi, F Rinnert, K Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Rott, C Russ, J Rusu, V Ruiz, A Ryan, D Saarikko, H Sabik, S Safonov, A St Denis, R Sakumoto, WK Salamanna, G Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sarkar, S Sato, K Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scott, AL Scribano, A Scuri, F Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semeria, F Sexton-Kennedy, L Sfiligoi, I Shapiro, MD Shears, T Shepard, PF Sherman, D Shimojima, M Shochet, M Shon, Y Shreyber, I Sidoti, A Siegrist, J Siket, M Sill, A Sinervo, P Sisakyan, A Skiba, A Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smirnov, D Smith, JR Snider, FD Snihur, R Soha, A Somalwar, SV Spalding, J Spezziga, M Spiegel, L Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Squillacioti, P Stadie, H Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Strologas, J Stuart, D Sukhanov, A Sumorok, K Sun, H Suzuki, T Taffard, A Tafirout, R Takach, SF Takano, H Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tanaka, R Tanimoto, N Tapprogge, S Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Tesarek, RJ Tether, S Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Tipton, P Tiwari, V Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tomura, T Tonelli, D Tonnesmann, M Torre, S Torretta, D Tourneur, S Trischuk, W Tseng, J Tsuchiya, R Tsuno, S Tsybychev, D Turini, N Turner, M Ukegawa, F Unverhau, T Uozumi, S Usynin, D Vacavant, L Vaiciulis, A Varganov, A Vataga, E Vejcik, S Velev, G Veszpremi, V Veramendi, G Vickey, T Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Vollrath, I Volobouev, I von der Mey, M Wagner, P Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wallny, R Walter, T Yamashita, T Yamamoto, K Wan, Z Wang, MJ Wang, SM Warburton, A Ward, B Waschke, S Waters, D Watts, T Weber, M Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolfe, C Wolter, M Worcester, M Worm, S Wright, T Wu, X Wurthwein, F Wyatt, A Yagil, A Yang, C Yang, UK Yao, W Yeh, GP Yi, K Yoh, J Yoon, P Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zaw, I Zetti, F Zhou, J Zsenei, A Zucchelli, S CA CDF Collaboration TI Measurement of the W+W- production cross section in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV using dilepton events SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID W-PAIR PRODUCTION; BRANCHING FRACTIONS; E(+)E(-) INTERACTIONS; TEVATRON COLLIDER; HIGGS-BOSON; MASS AB We present a measurement of the W+W- production cross section using 184 pb(-1) of p (p) over bar collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV collected with the Collider Detector at Fermilab. Using the dilepton decay channel W+W--> l(+)nu l(-)(nu) over bar, where the charged leptons can be either electrons or muons, we find 17 candidate events compared to an expected background of 5.0(-0.8)(+2.2) events. The resulting W+W- production cross-section measurement of sigma(p (p) over bar -> W+W-)=14.6(-5.1)(+5.8)(stat)(-3.0)(+1.8)(syst)+/- 0.9(lum) pb agrees well with the standard model expectation. C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Grp, Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00044 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, Div High Energy Phys, FIN-00044 Helsinki, Finland. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova Trento, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; Wolter, Marcin/A-7412-2012; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/K-6508-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Connolly, Amy/J-3958-2013; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012 OI Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/0000-0002-2745-7954; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399 NR 26 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 3 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 21 AR 211801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.211801 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 932HD UT WOS:000229543900006 PM 16090309 ER PT J AU Afanasev, AV Carlson, CE AF Afanasev, AV Carlson, CE TI Two-photon-exchange correction to parity-violating elastic electron-proton scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-MOMENT; NUCLEON; DISTRIBUTIONS; MODEL AB Higher-order QED effects play an important role in precision measurements of nucleon elastic form factors in electron scattering. Here we introduce a two-photon-exchange QED correction to the parity-violating polarization asymmetry of elastic electron-proton scattering. We calculate this correction in the parton model using the formalism of generalized parton distributions, and demonstrate that it can reach several percent in certain kinematics, becoming comparable in size with existing experimental measurements of strange-quark effects in the proton neutral weak current. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RP Afanasev, AV (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. OI Afanasev, Andrei/0000-0003-0679-3307 NR 29 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 3 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 21 AR 212301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.212301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 932HD UT WOS:000229543900008 PM 16090311 ER PT J AU Bakhtiari, M Kramer, GJ Takechi, M Tamai, H Miura, Y Kusama, Y Kamada, Y AF Bakhtiari, M Kramer, GJ Takechi, M Tamai, H Miura, Y Kusama, Y Kamada, Y TI Role of bremsstrahlung radiation in limiting the energy of runaway electrons in tokamaks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIII-D TOKAMAK; MAGNETIC TURBULENCE; CURRENT TERMINATION; DISRUPTIONS; GENERATION; JT-60U; TRANSPORT; JET AB Bremsstrahlung radiation of runaway electrons is found to be an energy limit for runaway electrons in tokamaks. The minimum and maximum energy of runaway electron beams is shown to be limited by collisions and bremsstrahlung radiation, respectively. It is also found that a massive injection of a high-Z gas such as xenon can terminate a disruption-generated runaway current before the runaway electrons hit the walls. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Res Estab, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Bakhtiari, M (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Engn Res Bldg,1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM bakhtiar@engr.wisc.edu NR 21 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 3 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 21 AR 215003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.215003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 932HD UT WOS:000229543900026 PM 16090329 ER PT J AU Dunn, JH Karis, O Andersson, C Arvanitis, D Carr, R Abrikosov, IA Sanyal, B Bergqvist, L Eriksson, O AF Dunn, JH Karis, O Andersson, C Arvanitis, D Carr, R Abrikosov, IA Sanyal, B Bergqvist, L Eriksson, O TI Vanishing magnetic interactions in ferromagnetic thin films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ULTRATHIN FE FILMS; NI/CU(001); MAGNETORESISTANCE; INTERFACES; CU(100); GROWTH; FCC AB We have used element-specific hysteresis measurements, based on the x-ray magnetic circular dichroism technique, to investigate magnetic trilayer structures composed of Fe and Ni layers. Within a critical regime we have discovered a class of structures in which the exchange interaction, the mechanism responsible for the macroscopic magnetism, can become vanishingly small. The experimental observations are supported by first principles theory and are explained as arising from a cancellation of several competing magnetic interactions. Hence, we have discovered a system with a novel exchange interaction between magnetic layers in direct contact that replaces the conventional exchange interaction in ferromagnets. C1 Lund Univ, Max Lab, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. Univ Uppsala, Dept Phys, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys & Measurement Technol, SE-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. RP Dunn, JH (reprint author), Lund Univ, Max Lab, Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. RI Eriksson, Olle/E-3265-2014; Bergqvist, Lars/J-5282-2014 OI Eriksson, Olle/0000-0001-5111-1374; Bergqvist, Lars/0000-0003-4341-5663 NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 3 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 21 AR 217202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.217202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 932HD UT WOS:000229543900039 PM 16090342 ER PT J AU Goldman, N Fried, LE Kuo, IFW Mundy, CJ AF Goldman, N Fried, LE Kuo, IFW Mundy, CJ TI Bonding in the superionic phase of water SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; EQUATION-OF-STATE; HIGH-PRESSURE; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; 1ST PRINCIPLES; MELTING CURVE; ICE-VII; GPA; DYNAMICS; H2O AB The predicted superionic phase of water is investigated via ab initio molecular dynamics at densities of 2.0-3.0 g/cc (34-115 GPa) along the 2000 K isotherm. We find that extremely rapid (superionic) diffusion of protons occurs in a fluid phase at pressures between 34 and 58 GPa. A transition to a stable body-centered cubic O lattice with superionic proton conductivity is observed between 70 and 75 GPa, a much higher pressure than suggested in prior work. We find that all molecular species at pressures greater than 75 GPa are too short lived to be classified as bound states. Up to 95 GPa, we find a solid superionic phase characterized by covalent O-H bonding. Above 95 GPa, a transient network phase is found characterized by symmetric O-H hydrogen bonding with nearly 50% covalent character. In addition, we describe a metastable superionic phase with quenched O disorder. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Fried, Laurence/L-8714-2014 OI Fried, Laurence/0000-0002-9437-7700 NR 26 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 3 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 21 AR 217801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.217801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 932HD UT WOS:000229543900046 PM 16090349 ER PT J AU Lazarov, VK Zimmerman, J Cheung, SH Li, L Weinert, M Gajdardziska-Josifovska, M AF Lazarov, VK Zimmerman, J Cheung, SH Li, L Weinert, M Gajdardziska-Josifovska, M TI Selected growth of cubic and hexagonal GaN epitaxial films on polar MgO(111) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; INTERFACE; SURFACES AB Selected molecular beam epitaxy of zinc blende (111) or wurtzite (0001) GaN films on polar MgO(111) is achieved depending on whether N or Ga is deposited first. The cubic stacking is enabled by nitrogen-induced polar surface stabilization, which yields a metallic MgO(111)-(1x1)-ON surface. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and density functional theory studies indicate that the atomically abrupt semiconducting GaN(111)/MgO(111) interface has a Mg-O-N-Ga stacking, where the N atom is bonded to O at a top site. This specific atomic arrangement at the interface allows the cubic stacking to more effectively screen the substrate and film electric dipole moment than the hexagonal stacking, thus stabilizing the zinc blende phase even though the wurtzite phase is the ground state in the bulk. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Surface Studies Lab, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. RP Lazarov, VK (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM mgj@uwm.edu RI Gajdardziska-Josifovska, Marija/H-9586-2014; Lazarov, Vlado/E-6206-2012 NR 14 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 3 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 21 AR 216101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.216101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 932HD UT WOS:000229543900029 PM 16090332 ER PT J AU Leinweber, DB Boinepalli, S Cloet, IC Thomas, AW Williams, AG Young, RD Zanotti, JM Zhang, JB AF Leinweber, DB Boinepalli, S Cloet, IC Thomas, AW Williams, AG Young, RD Zanotti, JM Zhang, JB TI Precise determination of the strangeness magnetic moment of the nucleon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; LATTICE QCD; OCTET BARYONS; FORM-FACTORS AB By combining the constraints of charge symmetry with new chiral extrapolation techniques and recent low mass quenched lattice-QCD simulations of the individual quark contributions to the magnetic moments of the nucleon octet, we obtain a precise determination of the strange magnetic moment of the proton. The result, namely, G(M)(s)=(-0.046&PLUSMN; 0.019)μ(N) is consistent with the latest experimental measurements but an order of magnitude more precise. This poses a tremendous challenge for future experiments. C1 Univ Adelaide, Special Res Ctr Subatom Struct Matter, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, John Von Neumann Inst Comp NIC, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. RP Leinweber, DB (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Special Res Ctr Subatom Struct Matter, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. RI Thomas, Anthony/G-4194-2012; Zanotti, James/H-8128-2012; Young, Ross/H-8207-2012; Williams, Anthony/I-6698-2012; Leinweber, Derek/J-6705-2013; OI Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X; Zanotti, James/0000-0002-3936-1597; Leinweber, Derek/0000-0002-4745-6027; Williams, Anthony/0000-0002-1472-1592 NR 31 TC 128 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 3 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 21 AR 212001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.212001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 932HD UT WOS:000229543900007 PM 16090310 ER PT J AU Mayr, M Alvarez, G Sen, C Dagotto, E AF Mayr, M Alvarez, G Sen, C Dagotto, E TI Phase fluctuations in strongly coupled d-wave superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HUBBARD-MODEL; CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; BOSE CONDENSATION; SPIN GAP; COHERENCE AB We present a numerically exact solution for the BCS Hamiltonian at any temperature, including the degrees of freedom associated with classical phase, as well as amplitude fluctuations via a Monte Carlo integration. This allows for an investigation over the whole range of couplings: from weak attraction, as in the well-known BCS limit, to the mainly unexplored strong-coupling regime of pronounced phase fluctuations. In the latter, two characteristic temperatures T-* and T-c, associated with short- and long-range ordering, respectively, can be identified in a mean-field-motivated Hamiltonian. T-* at the same time corresponds to the opening of a gap in the excitation spectrum. In addition to introducing a novel procedure to study strongly coupled d-wave superconductors, our results indicate that classical phase fluctuations are not sufficient to explain the pseudogap features of high-temperature superconductors. C1 Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37381 USA. RP Mayr, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. NR 19 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 3 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 21 AR 217001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.217001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 932HD UT WOS:000229543900036 PM 16090339 ER PT J AU Paglione, J Tanatar, MA Hawthorn, DG Hill, RW Ronning, F Sutherland, M Taillefer, L Petrovic, C Canfield, PC AF Paglione, J Tanatar, MA Hawthorn, DG Hill, RW Ronning, F Sutherland, M Taillefer, L Petrovic, C Canfield, PC TI Heat transport as a probe of electron scattering by spin fluctuations: The case of antiferromagnetic CeRhIn5 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; RESISTIVITY; CONDUCTION; ALLOYS; METALS; NI AB Heat and charge conduction were measured in the heavy-fermion metal CeRhIn5, an antiferromagnet with T-N=3.8 K. The thermal resistivity is found to be proportional to the magnetic entropy, revealing that spin fluctuations are as effective in scattering electrons as they are in disordering local moments. The electrical resistivity, governed by a q(2) weighting of fluctuations, increases monotonically with temperature. In contrast, the difference between thermal and electrical resistivities, characterized by a ω(2) weighting, peaks sharply at T-N and eventually goes to zero at a temperature T-&STAR;&SIME; 8 K. T-&STAR; thus emerges as a measure of the characteristic energy of magnetic fluctuations. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Phys & Regroupement Quebecois Mat Pointe, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada. Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Ukrainian Acad Sci, Inst Surface Chem, UA-252028 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Paglione, J (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM Louis.Taillefer@USherbrooke.ca RI Petrovic, Cedomir/A-8789-2009; Hawthorn, David/I-6491-2012; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 OI Petrovic, Cedomir/0000-0001-6063-1881; Hawthorn, David/0000-0002-7002-0416; NR 24 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 3 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 21 AR 216602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.216602 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 932HD UT WOS:000229543900034 PM 16090337 ER PT J AU Wloch, M Dean, DJ Gour, JR Hjorth-Jensen, M Kowalski, K Papenbrock, T Piecuch, P AF Wloch, M Dean, DJ Gour, JR Hjorth-Jensen, M Kowalski, K Papenbrock, T Piecuch, P TI Ab-initio coupled-cluster study of O-16 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXCITED-STATES; NUCLEAR-FORCES; QUANTUM-CHEMISTRY; FIELD; FORMALISM; TRIPLES; SINGLES; SPECTRA; DOUBLES; MODEL AB We report converged results for the ground and excited states and matter density of O-16 using realistic two-body nucleon-nucleon interactions and coupled-cluster methods and algorithms developed in quantum chemistry. Most of the binding is obtained with the coupled-cluster singles and doubles approach. Additional binding due to three-body clusters (triples) is minimal. The coupled-cluster method with singles and doubles provides a good description of the matter density, charge radius, charge form factor, and excited states of a one-particle, one-hole nature, but it cannot describe the first-excited 0(+) state. Incorporation of triples has no effect on the latter finding. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Univ Oslo, Ctr Math Applicat, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Wloch, M (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI Hjorth-Jensen, Morten/B-1417-2008; Piecuch, Piotr/C-4435-2011 NR 34 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 3 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 21 AR 212501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.212501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 932HD UT WOS:000229543900011 PM 16090314 ER PT J AU Hansen, J Nazarenko, L Ruedy, R Sato, M Willis, J Del Genio, A Koch, D Lacis, A Lo, K Menon, S Novakov, T Perlwitz, J Russell, G Schmidt, GA Tausnev, N AF Hansen, J Nazarenko, L Ruedy, R Sato, M Willis, J Del Genio, A Koch, D Lacis, A Lo, K Menon, S Novakov, T Perlwitz, J Russell, G Schmidt, GA Tausnev, N TI Earth's energy imbalance: Confirmation and implications SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; OCEAN; TEMPERATURE; SENSITIVITY; ATMOSPHERE; SYSTEM AB Our climate model, driven mainly by increasing human-made greenhouse gases and aerosols, among other forcings, calculates that Earth is now absorbing 0.85 +/- 0.15 watts per square meter more energy from the Sun than it is emitting to space. This imbalance is confirmed by precise measurements of increasing ocean heat content over the past 10 years. Implications include(i) the expectation of additional global warming of about 0.60 degrees C without further change of atmospheric composition; (ii) the confirmation of the climate system's tag in responding to forcings, implying the need for anticipatory actions to avoid any specified level of climate change; and (iii) the likelihood of acceleration of ice sheet disintegration and sea level rise. C1 NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Columbia Univ, Columbia Earth Inst, New York, NY 10025 USA. SGT Inc, New York, NY 10025 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY 10025 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM jhansen@giss.nasa.gov RI Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008; Del Genio, Anthony/D-4663-2012; Lacis, Andrew/D-4658-2012; Schmidt, Gavin/D-4427-2012 OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442; Del Genio, Anthony/0000-0001-7450-1359; Schmidt, Gavin/0000-0002-2258-0486 NR 36 TC 421 Z9 449 U1 9 U2 116 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 3 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 5727 BP 1431 EP 1435 DI 10.1126/science.1110252 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 933HK UT WOS:000229619300043 PM 15860591 ER PT J AU Swaddle, TW Rosenqvist, J Yu, P Bylaska, E Philiips, BL Casey, WH AF Swaddle, TW Rosenqvist, J Yu, P Bylaska, E Philiips, BL Casey, WH TI Kinetic evidence for five-coordination in AlOH(aq)(2+) ion SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; AQUEOUS MONONUCLEAR AL(III)-HYDROXO; WATER EXCHANGE; GEOCHEMICAL RELEVANCE; AL(III) COMPLEXES; METAL-IONS; ALUMINUM; HYDROLYSIS; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECIATION AB Trivalent aluminum ions are important in natural bodies of water, but the structure of their coordination shell is a complex unsolved problem. In strong acid (pH < 3.0), Al-III exists almost entirely as the octahedral Al(H2O)(6)(3+) ion, whereas in basic conditions (pH > 7), a tetrahedral AI(OH)(4)(-) structure prevails. in the biochemically and geochemically critical pH range of 4.3 to 7.0, the ion structures are less clear. Other hydrolytic species, such as AlOH(aq)(2+), exist and are traditionally assumed to be hexacoordinate. We show, however, that the kinetics of proton and water exchange on aqueous Al-III, coupled with Car-Parrinetto simulations, support a five-coordinate Al(H2O)(4)OH2+ ion as the predominant form of AlOH(aq)(2+) under ambient conditions. This result contrasts Al-III with other trivalent metal aqua ions, for which there is no evidence for stable pentacoordinate hydrolysis products. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Nucl Magnet Resonance Facil, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calgary, Dept Chem, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Casey, WH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM whcasey@ucdavis.edu NR 29 TC 116 Z9 119 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 3 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 5727 BP 1450 EP 1453 DI 10.1126/science.1110231 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 933HK UT WOS:000229619300048 PM 15860592 ER PT J AU Phillips, WS Rowe, CA Steck, LK AF Phillips, WS Rowe, CA Steck, LK TI The use of interstation P wave arrival time differences to account for regional path variability SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VELOCITY STRUCTURE; EARTHQUAKE LOCATION; TOMOGRAPHY; IDENTIFICATION; INVERSION; EVENTS; MODEL AB The difference between arrival times from one seismic event to a pair of receivers is largely insensitive to source location error when certain geometric conditions are met. Using catalog data from a Chinese regional network, we illustrate the use of arrival time differences to control data quality and to derive a two-dimensional map of P-n velocity and relative site terms. The resulting velocity patterns follow regional geology closely, site terms reflect variations in crustal thickness, and both are consistent with previous work based on single ray methods. The model fits the time difference data to better than 1 s and we obtain a variance reduction of 75%. We believe that the continued development of time-difference techniques will lead to improved location accuracy and precision using regional network data. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Phillips, WS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, MS D4083, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wsp@lanl.gov; char@lanl.gov; lsteck@lanl.gov NR 26 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 2 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 11 AR L11301 DI 10.1029/2005GL022558 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 936BM UT WOS:000229828000004 ER PT J AU Weaver, CP Norris, JR Gordon, ND Klein, SA AF Weaver, CP Norris, JR Gordon, ND Klein, SA TI Dynamical controls on sub-global climate model grid-scale cloud variability for Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) case 4 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MICROPHYSICS PARAMETERIZATION; FRONTAL CLOUDS; LAYER CLOUDS; SCHEME; SIMULATIONS; PROJECT; SYSTEMS; COVER; GCMS AB Global climate models (GCMs) produce large errors in cloudiness and cloud radiative forcing when simulating midlatitude, synoptic-scale cloud systems. This is because they do not represent the subgrid-scale processes in these systems that create subgrid variability in cloud optical thickness and cloud top pressure. Improving GCM performance will require a better understanding of these controls on subgrid cloud variability. To begin addressing this issue, this paper uses a mesoscale model, the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS), to simulate two case study synoptic storms with much higher resolution than is possible in a GCM. These storms were observed during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program's March 2000 Intensive Observing Period (IOP) in the U. S. southern Great Plains (SGP), otherwise knows as ARM case 4. We find that RAMS is able to capture the observed storm morphology, lifecycle, and vertical structure of the atmospheric dynamic and thermodynamic variables. RAMS is also able to capture the observed fine-scale vertical structure and temporal variation of the cloud field. Given this agreement with observations, we then characterize the model-simulated variability in cloudiness and other variables such as vertical velocity. In both storms, there is a high degree of spatial and temporal variability in the vertical motion field across multiple scales. The variability in above-boundary layer cloudiness is closely linked to this dynamical variability. This suggests that a parameterization for subgrid cloud water based on subgrid vertical velocity could be used to improve GCM simulations of midlatitude clouds. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Environm Predict, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Weaver, CP (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Environm Predict, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM weaver@cep.rutgers.edu RI Norris, Joel/A-9785-2008; Gordon, Neil/G-4268-2011; Weaver, Christopher/G-3714-2010; Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016 OI Norris, Joel/0000-0003-4384-0977; Weaver, Christopher/0000-0003-4016-5451; Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 2 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D15 AR D15S05 DI 10.1029/2004JD005022 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 936CB UT WOS:000229829700001 ER PT J AU Harding, LB Georgievskii, Y Klippenstein, SJ AF Harding, LB Georgievskii, Y Klippenstein, SJ TI Predictive theory for hydrogen atom - Hydrocarbon radical association kinetics SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-STATE THEORY; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; VARIABLE REACTION COORDINATE; CHANNEL MODEL-CALCULATIONS; THERMAL RATE-CONSTANT; HIGH-PRESSURE LIMIT; CH4 DISSOCIATION; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; SHOCK-WAVES; H+CH3->CH4 RECOMBINATION AB Procedures for accurately predicting the kinetics of hydrogen atom associations with hydrocarbon radicals are described and applied to a series of reactions. The approach is based on CASPT2/cc-pvdz evaluations of the orientation-dependent interaction energies within variable reaction coordinate transition state theory. One-dimensional corrections to the interaction energies are estimated from CAS+1+2/aug-cc-pvtz evaluations for the H + CH3 reaction, and a dynamical correction factor of 0.9 is applied. This corrected CASPT2 approach yields results that are within 10% of those obtained with the full CAS+1+2/aug-cc-pvtz potential for the H + CH3, H + C2H5, H + C2H3, and H + C2H reactions. New predictions are made for the H + iso-C3H7, H + tert-C4H9, H + C6H5, and H + C10H7 reactions. For the H + CH3 and H + C2H3 reactions, where the experimental values appear to be the most well-determined, theory and experiment essentially agree to within their error bars. For the other reactions, the agreement is reasonably satisfactory given the often large dispersion in the experimental results. For the reactions with saturated alkyl radicals, the theory predicts that each additional CH3 group increases the steric factor by approximately a factor of 2. In contrast, for the unsaturated radicals, the H + C6H5 and H + C10H7 high-pressure association rate coefficients are nearly identical to that for H + C2H3. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Harding, LB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM harding@an1.gov OI Klippenstein, Stephen/0000-0001-6297-9187 NR 93 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 2 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 21 BP 4646 EP 4656 DI 10.1021/jp0508608 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 930HL UT WOS:000229406400002 PM 16833805 ER PT J AU Ghosal, S Verdaguer, A Hemminger, JC Salmeron, M AF Ghosal, S Verdaguer, A Hemminger, JC Salmeron, M TI In situ study of water-induced segregation of bromide in bromide-doped sodium chloride by scanning polarization force microscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; OZONE; TROPOSPHERE; ADSORPTION; INTERFACE; AEROSOLS; SURFACES; IONS; NACL AB The adsorption of water on Br-doped NaCl crystals has been studied in situ using scanning polarization force microscopy, a noncontact electrostatic atomic force microscopy operation mode. Both topography and contact potential images were acquired as a function of relative humidity at room temperature, from 0% to more than 55%. It was found that the surface of the freshly cleaved crystal has an inhomogeneous electrical surface potential distribution with the steps more negative than the terraces below 40% relative humidity. This difference disappears when the humidity reaches 40% and higher. Below 40% the step morphology experiences only small changes due to water adsorption; however, above 40% major changes take place due to solvation, segregation, and redistribution of lattice ions. Bromide-rich islands and crystallites segregate to the surface above 40% relative humidity followed by drying. These islands and crystallites have a negative surface potential relative to the rest of the surface. These effects are attributed to the preferential solvation and segregation of Br- ions. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hemminger, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM jchemmin@uci.edu; salmeron@stm.lbl.gov RI Verdaguer, Albert/A-4303-2008 OI Verdaguer, Albert/0000-0002-4855-821X NR 24 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 2 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 21 BP 4744 EP 4749 DI 10.1021/jp046250+ PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 930HL UT WOS:000229406400013 PM 16833816 ER PT J AU Cho, MH Vaswani, HM Brixner, T Stenger, J Fleming, GR AF Cho, MH Vaswani, HM Brixner, T Stenger, J Fleming, GR TI Exciton analysis in 2D electronic spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; 3-PULSE PHOTON-ECHOES; PHOTOSYNTHETIC ANTENNA COMPLEXES; BACTERIOCHLOROPHYLL-A-PROTEIN; GREEN SULFUR BACTERIA; ENERGY-TRANSFER; SOLVATION DYNAMICS; PROSTHECOCHLORIS-AESTUARII; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; FEMTOSECOND SPECTROSCOPY AB A theoretical description of femtosecond two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy of multichromophoric systems is presented. Applying the stationary phase approximation to the calculation of photon echo spectra and taking into account exciton relaxation processes, we obtain an analytic expression for numerical simulations of time- and frequency-resolved 2D photon echo signals. The delocalization of one-exciton states, spatial overlaps between the probability densities of different excitonic states, and their influences on both one- and two-dimensional electronic spectra are studied. The nature of the off-diagonal cross-peaks and the time evolution of both diagonal and off-diagonal peak amplitudes are discussed in detail by comparing experimentally measured and theoretically simulated 2D spectra of the natural Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) photosynthetic light-harvesting complex. We find that there are two noncascading exciton energy relaxation pathways. C1 Korea Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Korea Univ, Ctr Multidimens Spect, Div Chem & Mol Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cho, MH (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 136701, South Korea. EM mcho@korea.ac.kr; grfleming@lbl.gov RI Brixner, Tobias/S-1451-2016 OI Brixner, Tobias/0000-0002-6529-704X NR 73 TC 258 Z9 261 U1 5 U2 74 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 2 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 21 BP 10542 EP 10556 DI 10.1021/jp050788d PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 930HN UT WOS:000229406600003 PM 16852278 ER PT J AU Yan, WF Chen, B Mahurin, SM Schwartz, V Mullins, DR Lupini, AR Pennycook, SJ Dai, S Overbury, SH AF Yan, WF Chen, B Mahurin, SM Schwartz, V Mullins, DR Lupini, AR Pennycook, SJ Dai, S Overbury, SH TI Preparation and comparison of supported gold nanocatalysts on anatase, brookite, rutile, and P25 polymorphs of TiO2 for catalytic oxidation of CO SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; PRECIPITATED METAL-HYDROXIDES; AU CATALYSTS; AU/TIO2 CATALYSTS; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; STRUCTURE SENSITIVITY; AU/ZRO2 CATALYSTS; PARTICLE-SIZE; ADSORPTION AB Nanosized anatase (<= 10 nm), rutile (<= 10 nm), and brookite (similar to 70 nm) titania particles have been successfully synthesized via sonication and hydrothermal methods. Gold was deposited with high dispersion onto the surfaces of anatase, rutile, brookite, and commercial titania (P25) supports through a deposition -precipitation (D-P) process. All catalysts were exposed to an identical sequence of treatment and measurements of catalytic CO oxidation activity. The as-synthesized catalysts have high activity with concomitant Au reduction upon exposure to the reactant stream. Mild reduction at 423 K produces comparably high activity catalysts for every support. Deactivation of the four catalysts was observed following a sequence of treatments at temperatures up to 573 K. The brookite-supported gold catalyst sustains the highest catalytic activity after all treatments. XRD and TEM results indicate that the gold particles supported on brookite are smaller than those on the other supports following the reaction and pretreatment sequences. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dais@ornl.gov; overburysh@ornl.gov RI Overbury, Steven/C-5108-2016; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Overbury, Steven/0000-0002-5137-3961; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 60 TC 105 Z9 107 U1 11 U2 72 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 2 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 21 BP 10676 EP 10685 DI 10.1021/jp044091o PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 930HN UT WOS:000229406600021 PM 16852296 ER PT J AU Van Ginhoven, RM Jonsson, H Park, B Corrales, LR AF Van Ginhoven, RM Jonsson, H Park, B Corrales, LR TI Cleavage and recovery of molecular water in silica SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; AB-INITIO; AMORPHOUS SILICA; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; DYNAMICS SIMULATION; GLASS; DIFFUSION; HYDROLYSIS; TRANSITION AB The network response associated with the incorporation and reactivity of water molecules in bulk phases of amorphous and crystalline silica are investigated using density functional theory. The extent of network relaxation is found to change the relative stabilities of the reactant and product states. A highly reactive site, with a low activation barrier, is associated with a highly strained site in which network relaxation significantly stabilizes the silanol state by effectively annealing the local structure. Diffusion and exchange reaction paths are found to likely be associated with minimum energy paths in which the stability of the product and reactant states are equal. These latter paths are associated with minimal network response, although the ability of the silanol groups to take on several conformations has an overall effect of changing the stability along a given reaction path. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Korean Inst S&T Evaluat & Planning, Seoul 137130, South Korea. Univ Iceland, Fac Sci VR2, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland. Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Corrales, LR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rmvangi@sandia.gov; hannes@u.washington.edu; rene.corrales@pni.gov RI Jonsson, Hannes/G-2267-2013 OI Jonsson, Hannes/0000-0001-8285-5421 NR 51 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 2 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 21 BP 10936 EP 10945 DI 10.1021/jp044973n PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 930HN UT WOS:000229406600056 PM 16852331 ER PT J AU Yako, K Sakai, H Greenfield, MB Hatanaka, K Hatano, M Kamiya, J Kato, H Kitamura, Y Maeda, Y Morris, CL Okamura, H Rapaport, J Saito, T Sakemi, Y Sekiguchi, K Shimizu, Y Suda, K Tamii, A Uchigashima, N Wakasa, T AF Yako, K Sakai, H Greenfield, MB Hatanaka, K Hatano, M Kamiya, J Kato, H Kitamura, Y Maeda, Y Morris, CL Okamura, H Rapaport, J Saito, T Sakemi, Y Sekiguchi, K Shimizu, Y Suda, K Tamii, A Uchigashima, N Wakasa, T TI Determination of the Gamow-Teller quenching factor from charge exchange reactions on Zr-90 SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE charge exchange reaction; Gamow-Teller strength; Gamow-Teller sum rule ID RELATIVISTIC DESCRIPTION; P,N REACTIONS; STRENGTH; SCATTERING; NUCLEI; HOLE; CONDENSATION; EXCITATIONS; NB-90 AB Double differential cross sections between 0 degrees-12 degrees were measured for the Zr-90(n, p) reaction at 293 MeV over a wide excitation energy range of 0-70 MeV. A multipole decomposition technique was applied to the present data as well as the previously obtained 90Zr(p, n) data to extract the Gamow-Teller (GT) component from the continuum. The GT quenching factor Q was derived by using the obtained total GT strengths. The result is Q = 0.88 +/- 0.06, not including an overall normalization uncertainty in the GT unit cross section of 16%. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1330033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Ctr Nucl Study, Tokyo 1330033, Japan. Int Christian Univ, Tokyo 1818585, Japan. Osaka Univ, Res Ctr Nucl Phys, Ibaraki, Osaka 5670047, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Tohoku Univ, Ctr Cyclotron & Radioisotope, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Ohio Univ, Dept Phys, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Dept Phys, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. RP Yako, K (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1330033, Japan. EM yakou@phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI YAKO, KENTARO/G-5070-2014; Sakai, Hideyuki/A-5253-2016; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016 NR 44 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUN 2 PY 2005 VL 615 IS 3-4 BP 193 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2005.04.032 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 934FW UT WOS:000229693300008 ER PT J AU Howard, CJ Barnes, PW Kennedy, BJ Woodward, PM AF Howard, CJ Barnes, PW Kennedy, BJ Woodward, PM TI Structures of the ordered double perovskites Sr2YTaO6 and Sr2YNbO6 SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B-STRUCTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GROUP-THEORETICAL ANALYSIS; CHEMISTRY AB The ordered perovskite Sr2YTaO6, distrontium yttrium tantalum hexaoxide, has been reported as showing an unusual triclinic structure, at odds with the results from a recent group-theoretical analysis. A new investigation establishes that Sr2YTaO6 and the isostructural Sr2YNbO6, distrontium yttrium niobium hexaoxide, in fact both adopt the commonly occurring monoclinic structure, with the space-group symmetry P2(1)/n. C1 Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Howard, CJ (reprint author), Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Private Mail Bag 1, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. EM cjh@ansto.gov.au RI Howard, Christopher/B-5138-2009; OI Kennedy, Brendan/0000-0002-7187-4579 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 24 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI FREDERIKSBERG C PA 1 ROSENORNS ALLE, DK-1970 FREDERIKSBERG C, DENMARK SN 0108-7681 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR B JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. B-Struct. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 61 BP 258 EP 262 DI 10.1107/S0108768105012395 PN 3 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 926GP UT WOS:000229111600004 PM 15914890 ER PT J AU Schlueter, JA Funk, RJ Geiser, U AF Schlueter, JA Funk, RJ Geiser, U TI Bis(4,4 '-bipyridinium) hexacyanoplatinate(IV) bis(4,4 '-bipyridine) SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-CRYSTAL STRUCTURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID OXIDIZED CONDUCTING COMPLEXES; RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; COORDINATION POLYMERS; 4,4'-BIPYRIDYL; DIFFRACTION; TRIHYDRATE; CHEMISTRY; PRECURSOR; NETWORKS; NEUTRON AB In the title compound, (C10H9N2)(2)[Pt(CN)(6)] center dot 2C(10)H(8)N(2) or [(Hbpy)(+)](2)[Pt(CN)(6)](2-)center dot 2bpy, where bpy is 4,4'-bipyridine, the Hbpy(+) cations and bpy molecules form a hydrogen-bonded two-dimensional cationic approximately square grid parallel to the (110) plane. The [Pt(CN)(6)](2-) dianions reside in the cavities within this grid, with the nitrile N atoms forming weak hydrogen bonds with the CH groups in the cationic lattice. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Schlueter, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jaschlueter@anl.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0108-2701 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. C-Cryst. Struct. Commun. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 61 BP M304 EP M306 DI 10.1107/S0108270105010140 PN 6 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 931CU UT WOS:000229464200023 PM 15930673 ER PT J AU Lin, TW Schildkamp, W Brister, K Doerschuk, PC Somayazulu, M Mao, HK Johnson, JE AF Lin, TW Schildkamp, W Brister, K Doerschuk, PC Somayazulu, M Mao, HK Johnson, JE TI The mechanism of high-pressure-induced ordering in a macromolecular crystal SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on the Crystallization of Biological Macromolecules CY JUN 05-08, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA ID RESOLUTION; VIRUS AB A previous study showed that the diffraction from cubic crystals of an icosahedral virus, cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), was dramatically improved under elevated hydrostatic pressure. This use of pressure may have a significant impact on structural biology if it is found to be generally applicable. There were two types of cubic crystals assigned in either an I23 or P23 space group. They show the same rhombic dodecahedral morphology at atmospheric pressure. The crystals assigned to the 123 space group diffracted X-rays to higher resolution than those with P23 space group. The assignment of P23 space group was owing to the presence of reflections with indices of h + k + l = (2n + 1) (odd reflections), which are forbidden in space group I23. Analysis of the odd reflections from the P23 crystals at atmospheric pressure showed that they can originate from a rotational disorder in the 123 crystals. The odd reflections were eliminated with the application of 3.5 kbar of pressure, which transformed the crystals from the apparently primitive cell to the body-centered I23 space group with dramatic improvement in diffraction. A mechanistic model is proposed to describe the induction of order by rectifying the imperfection, which is consistent with the experimental data. C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Ctr Integrat Mol Biosci, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Lin, TW (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM twlin@scripps.edu RI Doerschuk, Peter/A-3424-2016 OI Doerschuk, Peter/0000-0002-4517-6582 NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 61 BP 737 EP 743 DI 10.1107/S0907444905000053 PN 6 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 930SI UT WOS:000229436800017 PM 15930631 ER PT J AU Bobev, S Bauer, ED AF Bobev, S Bauer, ED TI YbAgxSi2-x [x=0.28(1)] with the tetragonal alpha-ThSi2 structure type SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article AB Single crystals of the title compound, ytterbium silver silicide, were synthesized from the corresponding elements using a eutectic Ag/Si mixture as a solvent. Structure determination suggested the composition of the product to be YbAgxSi2-x [ x = 0.28 (1)], i. e. a new ternary derivative of the alpha-ThSi2 structure type, which crystallizes in the body-centered tetragonal space group I4(1)/amd. The two atoms in the asymmetric unit lie on special positions with Wyckoff symbols 4a (Yb), and 8e ( disordered Ag and Si). C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biochem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bobev, S (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biochem, 304A Drake Hall, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM sbobev@chem.udel.edu RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD JUN PY 2005 VL 61 BP I96 EP I98 DI 10.1107/S1600536805013103 PN 6 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 931CX UT WOS:000229464500002 ER PT J AU Marian, J Knap, J Ortiz, M AF Marian, J Knap, J Ortiz, M TI Nanovoid deformation in aluminum under simple shear SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE quasicontinuum; aluminum; dislocations; cross-slip; ductile fracture ID DISLOCATION; GROWTH; SOLIDS AB We analyze the mechanisms underlying the deformation of a nanovoid in an Al crystal subjected to cyclic shear deformation using numerical simulations. Boundary and cell-size effects have been minimized by means of the quasicontinuum method. The deformation of the void entails a noticeable reduction in volume. During the loading phase, our analysis reveals several stages of stress buildup separated by yield points. The main mechanisms underlying the deformation of the crystal are: glide of primary and secondary partial dislocation loops with mixed edge-screw character; intersection of primary and secondary loops to form jogs and junctions; cross-slip; and dislocation multiplication and annihilation. Cross-slip occurs by the Fleischer mechanism and not by the more commonly assumed Friedel-Escaig mechanism. During unloading, most of the dislocation population and void volume reduction is recovered by re-absorption of dislocation loops and annihilation mediated by cross slip. However, a residual dislocation density remains around the void at the end of the unloading process. © 2005 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Marian, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, 7000 E Ave L-353, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM marian1@llnl.gov NR 25 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 53 IS 10 BP 2893 EP 2900 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2005.02.046 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 931XS UT WOS:000229519400004 ER PT J AU Agnew, SR Mehrotra, P Lillo, TM Stoica, GM Liaw, PK AF Agnew, SR Mehrotra, P Lillo, TM Stoica, GM Liaw, PK TI Texture evolution of five wrought magnesium alloys during route A equal channel angular extrusion: Experiments and simulations SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE magnesium; texture; ECAE; ECAP; crystal plasticity; ductility ID SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; NONBASAL SLIP; STRAIN-PATH; DISLOCATION SHEETS; MODELING TEXTURE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; ZIRCONIUM ALLOYS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SIMPLE SHEAR; HOT-WORKING AB Equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) has been demonstrated to induce unusual deformation textures and resulting properties in magnesium alloys, such as the remarkably enhanced room temperature ductility first reported by Mukai et al. [Mukai T, Yamanoi M, Watanabe H, Higashi K. Scr Maier 2001;45:89]. This paper documents a wide range of textures which evolve during ECAE of magnesium alloys. The fact that different alloys exhibit different texture evolutions is an indication of distinctions in the balance of deformation mechanisms which operate within the different alloys. Polycrystal plasticity modeling is used to develop explanations for these texture distinctions in terms of the relative activities of non-basal secondary slip modes, involving < a > and < c + a > type dislocations. AZ alloys appear to exhibit balanced secondary slip of non-basal < a > and < c + a > dislocations, while ZK60 and WE43 appear to favor non-basal < c + a > slip. A binary Mg-Li alloy exhibits a radically distinct texture evolution, which is associated with large-scale strain accommodation by non-basal < a > slip. (c) 2005 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 24590 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Environm & Energy Sci Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 24590 USA. EM agnew@virginia.edu RI Lilllo, Thomas/S-5031-2016 OI Lilllo, Thomas/0000-0002-7572-7883 NR 75 TC 168 Z9 180 U1 9 U2 84 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 53 IS 11 BP 3135 EP 3146 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2005.02.019 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 935OH UT WOS:000229791100004 ER PT J AU Webb, EB Grest, GS Heine, DR Hoyt, JJ AF Webb, EB Grest, GS Heine, DR Hoyt, JJ TI Dissolutive wetting of Ag on Cu: A molecular dynamics simulation study SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE wetting; dissolution; simulations ID EMBEDDED-ATOM-METHOD; SOLID-SURFACE; LIQUID-DROPS; KINETICS; METALS; SYSTEMS; ALLOYS; MECHANISMS; PRECURSOR; TENSION AB Reactive wetting in the eutectic AgCu system is studied with molecular dynamics simulations. As Ag(l) spreads on the Cu surface, Cu dissolves into the liquid. The results for reactive wetting are compared to simulations in which no mixing is permitted, demonstrating that wetting kinetics are enhanced by dissolution reactions. The time dependent radius of the droplet R(t) is used to quantify kinetics for the wetting geometry of an infinitely long cylinder spreading on a substrate. Data show that, when dissolution is dominant, spreading is well described by R(t) similar to (R(0)t)(1/2), where R-0 is the starting cylinder radius. Contact angle theta(t) data were calculated via a method that accounts for structure near the contact region and compared to data obtained using circular fits to the droplet profile. Significant differences were observed due to molecular scale structure that rapidly evolves near the contact line. This structure exhibits markedly lower theta than what is predicted from droplet profile data and it is proposed to exist throughout most stages of dissolutive wetting. Simulations of AgCu binary liquids spreading on Cu demonstrate that wetting kinetics decrease with increasing Cu in the liquid, further emphasizing that wetting kinetics are intrinsically linked to dissolution kinetics. After dissolution is complete, a Ag-rich monolayer of atoms advances diffusively across the Cu surface. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Webb, EB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS1411, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ebwebb@sandia.gov NR 76 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 53 IS 11 BP 3163 EP 3177 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2005.03.021 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 935OH UT WOS:000229791100007 ER PT J AU Chen, Q Biner, SB AF Chen, Q Biner, SB TI Stability of perfect dislocations in rare-earth intermetallic compounds: YCu, YAg and YZn SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE intermetallics; dislocation; line tension; kink-pairs; cross-slip ID NIAL SINGLE-CRYSTALS; CROSS-SLIP PLANES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ANISOTROPIC CRYSTALS; LINE TENSION; ALLOYS; DEFORMATION AB In this study, we evaluate the stability of prefect dislocations, interaction energy of kink pairs, cross-slip behavior of screw dislocations and the instability of pinned dislocations in ductile rare-earth intermetallic compounds: YCu, YAg and YZn. The results are compared to those seen for the common B2 type intermetallics, NiAl and Fe-25Al. The results indicate that the elastic anisotropy does not cause any instability of ordinary dislocations in YCu, YAg and YZn in contrast to NiAl and Fe-25Al. The cross-slip characteristics and the external driving force required for the instability of pinned dislocations differ considerably, resulting from their lower energy and the absence of negative line tension, from those seen for NiAl and Fe-25Al. The results also elucidate certain differences observed between the single crystalline deformation behavior of YCu, YAg and YZn. (c) 2005 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sbbiner@iastate.edu NR 30 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 53 IS 11 BP 3215 EP 3223 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2005.03.026 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 935OH UT WOS:000229791100011 ER PT J AU Sencer, BH Maloy, SA Gray, GT AF Sencer, BH Maloy, SA Gray, GT TI The influence of shock-pulse shape on the structure/property behavior of copper and 316 L austenitic stainless steel SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE shock loading; copper; 316 L stainless steel; high strain rate ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; STRESS AMPLITUDE; WAVE PROFILE; GRAIN-SIZE; DEFORMATION; PRESSURE; DURATION; SUBSTRUCTURE; TEMPERATURE; NICKEL AB The mechanical response of copper (Cu) and 316 L austenitic stainless steel (SS) shock loaded to 6.6 GPa in both square-topped and triangular pulse wave configurations has been investigated in compression at room temperature. The microstructure and substructure evolution due to shock pre-straining has been characterized using optical metallography and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Both Cu and 316 L SS following shock pre-straining exhibit an increase in yield stress. There is, however, a difference in the yield stress measured in Cu samples shocked with a triangular-shaped "Taylor wave-like" pulse versus with a square-top wave; Cu samples shocked with the "Taylor wave-like" pulse shape exhibit a 10% higher yield stress than Cu samples shocked with square-topped wave. Yield stresses for both 316 L shocked with the "Taylor wave-like" and square-topped waves are essentially the same. Cu samples shocked with a triangular-shaped "Taylor wave-like" pulse show subtle microstructural differences to those shocked with a square-top shaped shock pulse loading. In addition, low temperature resistivity measurements also showed differences. Triangular wave shocked samples exhibited the highest resistivity at 4 K indicating the highest defect (point and dislocation) formation in copper samples. TEM examinations of copper samples revealed a change in the microstructure after quasi-statically straining (10(-3) s(-1)) to 5% plastic strain as compared to that observed in shocked samples (shocked with square-topped and triangular shaped waves) even though the microstructure consists of only dislocation cells. TEM examinations of 316 L SS revealed similar microstructural evolution in all 316 L SS samples: 5% quasi-statically strained, square-top wave and triangular-shaped "Taylor wave-like" shock pre-strained samples, consisting of dislocations, planar slip and twins; however, the amount of twinning appeared higher in the shocked samples. (c) 2005 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS-G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sencer@lanl.gov RI Maloy, Stuart/A-8672-2009 OI Maloy, Stuart/0000-0001-8037-1319 NR 42 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 53 IS 11 BP 3293 EP 3303 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2005.03.037 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 935OH UT WOS:000229791100017 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZG Hou, PY Niu, Y AF Zhang, ZG Hou, PY Niu, Y TI Oxidation of Fe-xCr-10Al (x=0, 5, 10) alloys at 900 degrees C: A novel example of the third element effect SO ACTA METALLURGICA SINICA LA Chinese DT Article DE Fe-xCr-10Al; mixed external scale; selective oxidation; third element effect ID IRON-ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; FE-AL ALLOYS; HIGH OXIDANT PRESSURES; PROTECTIVE SCALES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; BASE ALLOYS; CR-AL; CHROMIUM; ADHESION; BEHAVIOR AB The critical Al content for the selective formation of alumina scales on Fe-Al alloys has been analyzed by investigating the oxidation behavior of binary Fe-10Al and ternary Fe-5Cr-10Al and Fe-10Cr-10Al alloys (atomic. fraction, %). A possible interpretation of the effect of the third-element Cr in Fe-xCr-10Al on,promoting Al2O3 scale formation not involving a transition from the internal to external oxidation of Al is briefly presented. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Met Res, State Key Lab Corros & Protect, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, ZG (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Met Res, State Key Lab Corros & Protect, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. EM zhgzhang@imr.ac.cn NR 26 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0412-1961 J9 ACTA METALL SIN JI Acta Metall. Sin. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 41 IS 6 BP 649 EP 654 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 941UD UT WOS:000230238800017 ER PT J AU Bartik, K Choquet, P Constantinesco, A Duhamel, G Fraissard, J Hyacinthe, JN Jokisaari, J Locci, E Lowery, TJ Luhmer, M Meersmann, T Moudrakovski, IL Pavlovskaya, GE Pierce, KL Pines, A Ripmeester, JA Telkki, VV Veeman, WS AF Bartik, K Choquet, P Constantinesco, A Duhamel, G Fraissard, J Hyacinthe, JN Jokisaari, J Locci, E Lowery, TJ Luhmer, M Meersmann, T Moudrakovski, IL Pavlovskaya, GE Pierce, KL Pines, A Ripmeester, JA Telkki, VV Veeman, WS TI Xenon NMR as a probe for microporous and mesoporous solids, polymers, liquid crystals, solutions, flames, proteins, imaging SO ACTUALITE CHIMIQUE LA English DT Article DE xenon NMR; porous solids; liquid crystals; polymers; proteins; imaging ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; LASER-POLARIZED XENON; HYPERPOLARIZED XE-129 NMR; ADSORBED XENON; CHEMICAL-SHIFT; POROUS SOLIDS; CRYPTOPHANE-A; SURFACE INTERACTIONS; ALPHA-CYCLODEXTRIN; SILICA-GELS AB We present in this paper some examples of the applications of the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) of xenon used as a probe in the study of different chemical environments: determination of the porosity of micro-and mesoporous solids, evaluation of the concentrations and sizes of amorphous domains in solid polymers, characterization of liquid crystals, study of combustion processes at high temperature, determination of the structure and dynamics of organic systems and proteins in solution, assessment of cerebral blood flow. C1 Univ Paris 06, Lab PMMH, ESPCI, F-75231 Paris, France. Univ Libre Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. CHU Hautepierre, Serv Biophys & Med Nucl, F-67098 Strasbourg, France. Univ Grenoble 1, INSERM, Grenoble, France. CNRS, Ctr Resonance Magnet Nucl & Med, UMR 6612, Marseille, France. Oulu Univ, Dept Phys Sci, NMR Res Grp, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland. Univ Cagliari, Dipartimento Sci Chim, Cagliari, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Libre Bruxelles, Lab RMN Haute Resolut, Brussels, Belgium. Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Mol Sci, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Duisburg Gesamthsch, D-4100 Duisburg, Germany. RP Univ Paris 06, Lab PMMH, ESPCI, 10 Rue Vauquelin, F-75231 Paris, France. EM jfr@ccr.jussieu.fr OI CHOQUET, Philippe/0000-0003-0514-0726; Moudrakovski, Igor/0000-0002-8919-4766; Locci, Emanuela/0000-0003-0237-4228 NR 89 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 10 PU SOC FRANCAISE CHIMIE PI PARIS PA 250 RUE SAINT-JACQUES, 75005 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0151-9093 EI 2105-2409 J9 ACTUAL CHIMIQUE JI Actual Chim. PD JUN PY 2005 SU 287 BP 16 EP 34 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 952GH UT WOS:000230991500005 ER PT J AU Zelenyuk, A Imre, D AF Zelenyuk, A Imre, D TI Single particle laser ablation time-of-flight mass spectrometer: An introduction to SPLAT SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; CONTROLLED DIMENSIONS; INDIVIDUAL PARTICLES; AERODYNAMIC LENSES; NOZZLE EXPANSIONS; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; SUPERSITE; BEAM; DESORPTION/IONIZATION AB We present our single particle mass spectrometer we call SPLAT. SPLAT was designed to make possible the detection and characterization of particles down to 100 nm, generate reproducible single particle mass spectra, and collect data at a high rate. The final instrument presented here is capable of characterizing individual particles down to 50 nm at the rate of 20 particles per second. In SPLAT mass spectra are generated by a two-step process, that uses a pulsed infrared laser to heat the particle and a time delayed pulsed UV laser to create ions. We describe a mode of operation that makes it possible to take advantage of the gas phase ionization of the semivolatile components of the particle, while also generating mass spectral signatures of the nonvolatile fraction, thereby providing complete particle mass spectra. We present some sample results from two field deployments of SPLAT. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Imre Consulting, Richland, WA USA. RP Zelenyuk, A (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM alla.zelenyuk@pnl.gov NR 33 TC 90 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 39 IS 6 BP 554 EP 568 DI 10.1080/027868291009242 PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 947LA UT WOS:000230644900009 ER PT J AU Lockerby, DA Reese, JM Gallis, MA AF Lockerby, DA Reese, JM Gallis, MA TI Capturing the Knudsen layer in continuum-fluid models of nonequilibrium gas flows SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Univ Strathclyde, Dept Mech Engn, Glasgow G1 1XJ, Lanark, Scotland. Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Kings Coll London, Dept Mech Engn, London WC2R 2LS, England. RP Brunel Univ, Sch Engn & Design, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. EM duncan.lockerby@brunel.ac.uk; jason.reese@strath.ac.uk; magalli@sandia.gov RI Reese, Jason/H-8739-2012; OI Reese, Jason/0000-0001-5188-1627; Lockerby, Duncan/0000-0001-5232-7986 NR 9 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1391 EP 1393 DI 10.2514/1.13530 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 930MN UT WOS:000229420200027 ER PT J AU Mendell, MJ Seppanen, O Lei, Q AF Mendell, MJ Seppanen, O Lei, Q TI Ventilation system-related risk factors and symptoms among occupants in US office buildings - Results from the base study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S45 EP S45 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100180 ER PT J AU Mukherjee, S Rodrigues, E Aeschliman, DB Houk, RS Palmer, LJ Woodin, MA Weker, R Christiani, DC AF Mukherjee, S Rodrigues, E Aeschliman, DB Houk, RS Palmer, LJ Woodin, MA Weker, R Christiani, DC TI Urinary metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biomarkers in boilermakers exposed to metal fume and residual oil fly ash SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE particulates; occupational health; biomarkers; carcinogens ID OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; LUNG INJURY; ORGANIC-SUBSTANCES; DNA-DAMAGE; WORKERS; 1-HYDROXYPYRENE; VANADIUM; MANGANESE; COPPER AB Background Boilermakers are occupationally exposed to known carcinogens. Methods The association of urinary 1-hydroxy-pyrene (1-OHP), a biomarker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure, with biomarkers of metal exposure (vanadium, chromium, manganese, nickel, copper, and lead) in boilermakers exposed to metal fume from welding and dust particulates from residual oil fly ash (ROFA) was examined. A repeated measures cohort study was conducted during the overhaul of an oilfired boiler Twice-daily urine samples were obtained for 5 days and analyzed for cotinine, 1-OHP, and metals. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to model the multivariate relationship of 1-OHP to the explanatory variables. Results Metal and 1-OHP levels were determined for 165 urine samples from 20 boilermakers and these levels increased during the workweek. However the 1-OHP level was not significantly associated with any individual metal level at any time point. Conclusion This suggests that boilermakers were occupationally exposed to PAH and metals, but 1-OHP as a PAH biomarker was unable to serve as a surrogate marker of metal exposure for the metals measured in this study. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Sir Charles Gairdner Hosp, Dept Pulm Physiol, WA Sleep Disorders Res Inst, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames Lab, US Dept Energy, Ames, IA USA. Univ Western Australia, Ctr Med Res, QE II Med Ctr, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. Univ Western Australia, Western Australian Inst Med Res, QE II Med Ctr, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Environm Hlth Program, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Environm Sci & Engn Program, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Christiani, DC (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Dept Environm Hlth, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM dchris@hohp.harvard.edu RI Palmer, Lyle/K-3196-2014 OI Palmer, Lyle/0000-0002-1628-3055 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00002, ES09860] NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 47 IS 6 BP 484 EP 493 DI 10.1002/aijm.20161 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 931BE UT WOS:000229460000003 PM 15898092 ER PT J AU Winfree, R Dushoff, J Crone, EE Schultz, CB Budny, RV Williams, NM Kremen, C AF Winfree, R Dushoff, J Crone, EE Schultz, CB Budny, RV Williams, NM Kremen, C TI Testing simple indices of habitat proximity SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE habitat index; proximity; isolation; patch; connectivity; landscape fragmentation ID METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY; FENDERS BLUE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; DISPERSAL BEHAVIOR; DISTANCE RELATION; SPATIAL ECOLOGY; MODEL; CONSERVATION; BIOGEOGRAPHY AB Simple measures of habitat proximity made primarily on the basis of land cover are widely used in the ecological literature to infer habitat connectivity, or the potential for animal movement among resource patches. However, such indices rarely have been tested against observations of animal movement or against more detailed biological models. We developed a priori expectations as to the types of study systems and organisms for which various habitat proximity indices would be best suited. We then used data from three study systems and four species to test which, if any, of the indices were good predictors of population-level responses. Our a priori expectations about index performance were not upheld. The indices that consider both habitat area and distance from the focal patch were highly correlated with each other, suggesting that they do index similar quantities. However, none of the indices performed well in predicting population response variables. The results suggest that the pattern of habitat cover alone may be insufficient to predict the process of animal movement. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Winfree, R (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM rwinfree@princeton.edu; dushoff@eno.princeton.edu; ecrone@forestry.umt.edu; schultzc@vancouver.wsu.edu; budny@pppl.gov; nwilliam@brynmawr.edu; ckremen@princeton.edu RI Crone, Elizabeth/C-3935-2009; OI Schultz, Cheryl/0000-0003-3388-8950 NR 52 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 32 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 165 IS 6 BP 707 EP 717 DI 10.1086/430009 PG 11 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 925IT UT WOS:000229047500012 PM 15937750 ER PT J AU Glaudas, X Gibbons, JW AF Glaudas, X Gibbons, JW TI Do thermal cues influence the defensive strike of cottonmouths (Agkistrodon piscivorus)? SO AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA LA English DT Article ID GARTER SNAKE; BEHAVIOR; RATTLESNAKES; VIPERS; HUMANS C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Glaudas, X (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM xavier@srel.edu; gibbons@srel.edu OI Glaudas, Xavier/0000-0002-1333-7791 NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0173-5373 J9 AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA JI Amphib. Reptil. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 26 IS 2 BP 264 EP 267 DI 10.1163/1568538054253401 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 948SB UT WOS:000230734900014 ER PT J AU Schulte, S Singh, AK Rauk, E Palmer, CP AF Schulte, S Singh, AK Rauk, E Palmer, CP TI Performance and selectivity of polymeric pseudostationary phases for the electrokinetic separation of amino acid derivatives and peptides SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE polymer; pseudosstationary phase; electrokinetic chromatography; amino acids; peptides ID PSEUDO-STATIONARY PHASES; SOLUBLE IONIC POLYMERS; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; CHEMICAL SELECTIVITY; RECENT PROGRESS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; COPOLYMERS; ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY; ADDITIVES AB Two polymeric pseudostationary phases, one an acrylamide polymer and the second a siloxane polymer, have been investigated for the separation of naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde (NDA)- derivatized amino acids and small peptides. The dervatized amino acids were detected by UV absorbance and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection. The polymers provided very high efficiency and good selectivity for the separation of the amino acids. The separation selectivity using the polymers was significantly different from that of SDS micelles, and there were subtle differences in selectivities between the polymers. Although very good detection limits were obtained with LIF detection, a significant background signal was observed when the polymers were not washed to remove fluorescent impurities. The polymers did not separate the peptides very well. It is postulated that the fixed covalent structure of the polymers prevents them from interacting strongly or efficiently with the peptides, which are large in relation to the analytes typically separated by electrokinetic chromatography using polymers. C1 Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59803 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Biosyst Res Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Palmer, CP (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59803 USA. EM Christopher.palmer@umontana.edu NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 382 IS 3 BP 777 EP 782 DI 10.1007/s00216-005-3131-6 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 932TQ UT WOS:000229576800022 PM 15933853 ER PT J AU Vo-Dinh, T Kasili, P AF Vo-Dinh, T Kasili, P TI Fiber-optic nanosensors for single-cell monitoring SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE fiber-optic nanosensor; nanobiosensor; nanotechnology; biosensor; single cells; apoptosis ID PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL NANOSENSORS; CHEMICAL SENSORS; BIOSENSORS; DYE; MICROSCOPY; APOPTOSIS; CASPASES; DNA AB This article is an overview of the fabrication, operating principles, and applications of fiber-optic nanobiosensors with the capability of in-vivo analysis at the single-cell level. Recently, the cross-disciplinary integration of nanotechnology, biology, and photonics has been revolutionizing important areas in molecular biology, especially diagnostics and therapy at the molecular and cellular level. Fiber-optic nanobiosensors are a unique class of biosensor that enable analytical measurements in individual living cells and the probing of individual chemical species in specific locations within a cell. This article provides a review of the research performed in our laboratory and discusses the usefulness and potential of this nanotechnology-based biosensor system in biological research and its applications to biomonitoring of individual cells. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Biomed Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Biomed Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM vodinht@ornl.gov NR 43 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 382 IS 4 BP 918 EP 925 DI 10.1007/s00216-005-3256-7 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 939MC UT WOS:000230075900014 PM 15928944 ER PT J AU Marchetti, N Guiochon, G AF Marchetti, N Guiochon, G TI Separation of peptides from myoglobin enzymatic digests by RPLC. Influence of the mobile-phase composition and the pressure on the retention and separation SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOLUTE RETENTION; VOLUME AB The influence of the mobile-phase composition and the pressure on the chromatographic separation of the peptides from the enzymatic digest of myoglobin was studied under linear conditions. The retention behavior of these tryptic peptides was measured under isocratic conditions with different mobile-phase compositions, ranging from 9 to 28% (v/v) acetonitrile in 0.1% (v/v) aqueous trifluoroacetic acid. The effect of the pressure was studied by analyzing the separation of the tryptic peptides under different average column pressures between 14 and 220 bar, at 13, 20, and 26% (v/v) acetonitrile. The differences, between the partial molar volumes of these peptides in the stationary and mobile phases were derived from these results. All the measurements were performed on a 10-cm-long C-18-bonded, end-capped monolithic column. The results obtained illustrate the highly complicated behavior of the complex peptide mixtures afforded by tryptic digestion. The capacity factors of the analyzed peptides do not depend linearly on the acetonitrile concentration but follow exactly a quadratic relationship. The adsorption changes of partial molar volumes are in good agreement with other literature data. The consequences of the influence of the average column pressure (hence of the flow rate) on the column phase ratio and on the retention factors of the peptides are discussed. The retention pattern of the complex mixture is affected by both the mobile-phase composition and the pressure, and the resolution of certain peptide pairs is so much affected by the pressure that inversions in the elution order of some pairs are observed. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu RI Marchetti, Nicola/G-4933-2010; OI Marchetti, Nicola/0000-0001-5595-570X NR 25 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 11 BP 3425 EP 3430 DI 10.1021/ac050541c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 932OA UT WOS:000229561800010 PM 15924371 ER PT J AU Alvarez, J Cooks, RG Barlow, SE Gaspar, DJ Futrell, JH Laskin, J AF Alvarez, J Cooks, RG Barlow, SE Gaspar, DJ Futrell, JH Laskin, J TI Preparation and in situ characterization of surfaces using soft landing in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER SURFACES; DESORPTION IONIZATION; POLYATOMIC IONS; INDUCED DISSOCIATION; COLLISIONS; MOLECULES; ENERGY; FRAGMENTATION; NOMENCLATURE; PEPTIDES AB Mass-selected peptide ions produced by electrospray ionization were deposited onto fluorinated self-assembled monolayer surfaces (FSAM) surfaces by soft landing using a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR MS) specially designed for studying interactions of large ions with surfaces. Analysis of the modified surface was performed in situ by combining 2-keV Cs+ secondary ion mass spectrometry with FT-ICR detection of the sputtered ions (FT-ICR-SIMS). Regardless of the initial charge state of the precursor ion, the SIMS mass spectra included singly protonated peptide ion, peptide fragment ions, and peaks characteristic of the surface in all cases. In some experiments, multiply protonated peptide ions and [M + Au](+) ions were also observed upon SIMS analysis of modified surfaces. For comparison with the in situ analysis of the modified surfaces, ex situ analysis of some of the modified surfaces was performed by 25-keV Ga+ time-of-flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). The ex situ analysis demonstrated that a significant number of soft-landed peptide ions remain charged on the surface even when exposed to air for several hours after deposition. Charge retention of soft-landed ions dramatically increases the ion yields obtained during SIMS analysis and enables very sensitive detection of deposited material at less than 1% of monolayer coverage. Accumulation of charged species on the surface undergoes saturation due to coulomb repulsion between charges at close to 30% coverage. We estimated that close to 1 ng of peptide could be deposited on the spot area of 4 mm(2) of the FSAM surface without reaching saturation. C1 Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Laskin, J (reprint author), Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Julia.Laskin@pnl.gov RI Gaspar, Dan/H-6166-2011; Laskin, Julia/H-9974-2012; Cooks, R/G-1051-2015; OI Laskin, Julia/0000-0002-4533-9644; Cooks, R/0000-0002-9581-9603; Gaspar, Daniel/0000-0002-8089-810X NR 36 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 11 BP 3452 EP 3460 DI 10.1021/ac0481349 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 932OA UT WOS:000229561800014 PM 15924375 ER PT J AU Elam, JW Pellin, MJ AF Elam, JW Pellin, MJ TI GaPO(4) sensors for gravimetric monitoring during atomic layer deposition at high temperatures SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; THIN-FILM GROWTH; ANGLE CHARACTERISTICS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AT-TYPE; EPITAXY; TRIMETHYLALUMINUM; RESONATORS; REACTOR; WATER AB The quartz crystal microbalance is extremely useful for in situ monitoring of thin-film growth by atomic layer deposition (ALD) in a viscous flow environment. Unfortunately, conventional AT-quartz sensors are limited to growth temperatures below similar to 300 degrees C. Gallium orthophosphate (GaPO(4)) is an alternative piezoelectric material offering much greater high-temperature frequency stability than AT-quartz (SiO(2)), Our measurements reveal that the temperature coefficient for Y-11 degrees GaPO(4) decreases linearly with temperature reaching 3 Hz/degrees C at 450 degrees C. In contrast, the temperature coefficient for the SiO(2) sensor increases as the cube of the sensor temperature to 650 Hz/degrees C at 390 degrees C. To examine the effect of temperature fluctuations on the sensor frequency, we exposed the SiO(2) and GaPO(4) sensors to helium pulses at 400 degrees C. The resulting frequency change measured for the SiO(2) sensor was similar to 40 times greater than that of the GaPO(4) sensor. Next, we performed Al(2)O(3) ALD using alternating trimedlylaluminum/water exposures at 400 degrees C and monitored the growth using the SiO(2) and GaPO(4) sensors. The GaPO(4) sensor yielded well-defined pulse shapes in agreement with predictions, while the SiO(2) pulses were severely distorted. Measurements during TiO(2) ALD using alternating titanium tetrachloride/water exposures at 450 degrees C with the GaPO(4) sensor also showed well-defined ALD mass steps. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Elam, JW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jelam@anl.gov RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008 OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768 NR 27 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 11 BP 3531 EP 3535 DI 10.1021/ac050349a PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 932OA UT WOS:000229561800024 PM 15924385 ER PT J AU Yan, XM Habbersett, RC Yoshida, TM Nolan, JP Jett, JH Marrone, BL AF Yan, XM Habbersett, RC Yoshida, TM Nolan, JP Jett, JH Marrone, BL TI Probing the kinetics of SYTOX orange stain binding to double-stranded DNA with implications for DNA analysis SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-MOLECULE DETECTION; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; THIAZOLE ORANGE; CYANINE DYES; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; INTERCALATING DYES; BIS-INTERCALATION; HOECHST DYES AB Rapid binding kinetics of SYTOX Orange stain with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) was revealed on the DNA fragment sizing flow cytometer. We demonstrated for the first time that the dye molecules could be adsorbed onto the capillary surface and native DNA fragments can be dynamically stained while passing through the capillary. High-quality burst size distribution histograms were obtained for DNA samples analyzed immediately after staining, dilution, or mixing. These observations indicated that rapid interactions exist between SYTOX Orange dye molecules and dsDNA. A stopped-flow fluorescence apparatus was set up to capture the fast association traces of intercalating dyes binding to dsDNA. Kinetic equations were derived to fit the association curves for determination of association rates and to model the dynamic staining, dilution, and mixing processes of DNA samples stained with intercalating dyes. The measured association rates for both SYTOX Orange and PicoGreen stains intercalating into dsDNA were on the order of 10(8) M-1 s(-1), suggesting a diffusion-controlled process. Simulations indicate that reequilibration can be reached in seconds upon staining, dilution, or mixing. Insight into the kinetics of DNA binding dyes will help implement efficient sample-handling practices in DNA analysis, including DNA fragment sizing flow cytometry. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yan, XM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM yan@lanl.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR01315] NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 11 BP 3554 EP 3562 DI 10.1021/ac050306u PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 932OA UT WOS:000229561800028 PM 15924389 ER PT J AU Yamashige, H Matsuo, S Kurisaki, T Perera, RCC Wakita, H AF Yamashige, H Matsuo, S Kurisaki, T Perera, RCC Wakita, H TI Local structure of nitrogen atoms in a porphine ring of meso-phenyl substituted porphyrin with an electron-withdrawing group using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO ANALYTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LOW-VALENT TITANIUM; COUPLING REACTIONS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; METALLOPORPHYRINS; OXIDATION; CATALYSTS; METALLOTETRAPHENYLPORPHYRINS; IMMOBILIZATION; ACTIVATION; SPECTRA AB This study investigated the protonation of nitrogen atoms in porphyrins with meso-phenyl p-substituted by an electron-withdrawing group using N Is X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the N K X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), and the discrete variational (DV)-X alpha molecular orbital (MO) method. Both tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) and tetrakis(p-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TSPP) have a single structure: the former has two protonated and two nonprotonated N atoms in the porphine ring; the latter has four protonated N atoms in the porphine ring. In contrast, a combination of XPS, XANES, and DV-X alpha MO calculations shows that tetrakis(p-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) has a dual structure: one structure has two protonated and two non-protonated N atoms; the other has four protonated N atoms. Furthermore, this result was also considered based on the protonation constants of N atoms in the porphyrins. The correlation between the strength of electron-withdrawing groups and protonation to N atoms in porphyrins can be described using the spectral patterns of the N Is XPS and N K XANES spectra. C1 Fukuoka Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Jonan Ku, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan. Fukuoka Univ, Adv Mat Inst, Jonan Ku, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan. Ctr Xray Opt, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wakita, H (reprint author), Fukuoka Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Jonan Ku, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan. EM wakita@fukuoka-u.ac.jp NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 17 PU JAPAN SOC ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY PI TOKYO PA 26-2 NISHIGOTANDA 1 CHOME SHINAGAWA-KU, TOKYO, 141, JAPAN SN 0910-6340 J9 ANAL SCI JI Anal. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 21 IS 6 BP 635 EP 639 DI 10.2116/analsci.21.635 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 936QB UT WOS:000229869400006 PM 15984197 ER PT J AU Jenssen, TA Decourcy, KR Congdon, JD AF Jenssen, TA Decourcy, KR Congdon, JD TI Assessment in contests of male lizards (Anolis carolinensis): how should smaller males respond when size matters? SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article ID FIGHTING BEHAVIOR; POLYGYNOUS LIZARD; NANNACARA-ANOMALA; DISPLAY BEHAVIOR; ANIMAL CONTESTS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; EVOLUTION; AGGRESSION; MODEL; FISH AB Within a female-defence polygynous mating system, males of the lizard A. carolinensis use an array of stereotyped signals and aggressive tactics to acquire and defend long-term territories containing multiple, sedentary females. In competition, body size appears to be important because size of free-ranging males correlates positively with volume of male territories and number of patrolled females. Therefore, an ability to assess body size during territorial contests should be an adaptive attribute that would influence the tactics of intermale aggression. To examine this premise, we staged contests between 10 pairs of males matched for size (i.e. symmetric contests) and 10 pairs mismatched for size (i.e. asymmetric contests), while all 20 pairs of males were matched for habitat resources, a mate, and resident status. Overall, we found (1) contest profiles best fit the features of a 'fixed-phase, sequential assessment' model of game theory, (2) body size and mass were highly correlated with contest outcome, (3) none of 12 signal variables predicted contest, outcome, and (4) paired males generally matched aggressive tactics and signalling behaviours. We also examined the asymmetric contest profiles for deviations from the profiles of symmetric contests. We tested the proposition that smaller males of size-mismatched contests would assess their disadvantage and choose a bluff strategy to mitigate risky behaviour and avoid fighting. We found, however, that the risk-mitigation hypotheses were unsupported. Smaller males were not playing a bluff strategy, but rather a hawk strategy. They initiated risky tactics by (1) invading the habitats of their larger opponents, an act that invited retaliation, (2) showing no tendency' to stay away from larger opponents, (3) maintaining high levels. of aggressive signalling as encounters intensified, and (4) engaging larger opponents in physical fighting, despite losing 90% of their encounters. These empirical results support a recent game theoretical construct ('Napoleon complex') that models size-asymmetric contests in which smaller males initiate fights that they usually lose. Our data suggest that, if smaller males of A. carolinensis have breeding territories, then they will engage in costly contests, despite a low probability of defeating larger and equally motivated opponents. (c) 2005 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. RP Jenssen, TA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM tjenssen@vt.edu NR 63 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 EI 1095-8282 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 69 BP 1325 EP 1336 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.07.023 PN 6 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 938XJ UT WOS:000230036400011 ER PT J AU Kornreich, DE Parsons, DK AF Kornreich, DE Parsons, DK TI Time-eigenvalue calculations in multi-region Cartesian geometry using Green's functions SO ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-TRANSPORT EQUATION; CRITICAL PARAMETERS; DECAY CONSTANTS; CRITICALITY AB We have continued the progression of providing benchmark-quality eigenvalue calculations in multi-region Cartesian geometry by reformulating the effective multiplication equations to calculate time eigenvalues. As with effective multiplication eigenvalues, there are few benchmark-quality solutions for time-eigenvalue calculations in multi-region multiplying systems, especially for systems that have divergent temporal neutron populations. The purpose of this paper is to describe the reformulations required and to add benchmark-quality calculations for several test problems. Green's functions are used to model a multi-region, one-group, isotropically scattering, multiplying system in Cartesian geometry to obtain boundary flux values for a time-eigenvalue search and subsequent eigenfunction calculation. As usual with multi-region Cartesian systems, the solution is facilitated using (1) Placzek's lemma, which allows us to consider a multi-region system one region at a time as an infinite medium, and (2) the calculation of the Green's function solution for a nonphysical infinite multiplying medium. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kornreich, DE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS F609, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM drewek@lanl.gov; dkp@lanl.gov NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4549 J9 ANN NUCL ENERGY JI Ann. Nucl. Energy PD JUN PY 2005 VL 32 IS 9 BP 964 EP 985 DI 10.1016/j.anucene.2005.02.004 PG 22 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 931YD UT WOS:000229520500005 ER PT J AU Csaki, C Kaloper, N Terning, J AF Csaki, C Kaloper, N Terning, J TI Exorcising w < -1 SO ANNALS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE axions; supernovae dimming; w < -1 ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; DARK ENERGY; COSMIC ACCELERATION; DATA RELEASE; SN 1987A; AXION; PHOTON; QUINTESSENCE AB We show that the combined dimming of Type la supernovae induced by both a cosmological constant and the conversion of photons into axions in extra-galactic magnetic fields can impersonate dark energy with an equation of state w < -1. An observer unaware of the presence of photon-axion conversion would interpret the additional dimming as cosmic acceleration faster than that induced by a cosmological constant alone. We find that this mechanism can mimic equations of state as negative as w similar or equal to -1.5. Our model does not have any ghosts, phantoms, and the like. It is fully consistent with the conventional effective field theory in curved space, and all existing observational constraints on the axions are obeyed. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Cornell Univ, Newman Lab Elementary Particle Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kaloper, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM csaki@lepp.cornell.edu; kaloper@physics.ucdavis.edu; terning@lanl.gov OI Terning, John/0000-0003-1367-0575 NR 65 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-4916 J9 ANN PHYS-NEW YORK JI Ann. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 317 IS 2 BP 410 EP 422 DI 10.1016/j.aop.2004.11.015 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 935WB UT WOS:000229813000005 ER PT J AU Steelman, KL Ramirez, FC Valcarce, RF Guilderson, T Rowe, MW AF Steelman, KL Ramirez, FC Valcarce, RF Guilderson, T Rowe, MW TI Direct radiocarbon dating of megalithic paints from north-west Iberia SO ANTIQUITY LA English DT Article DE megalithic monuments; dolmens; rock paintings; radiocarbon dating; AMS; plasma-chemical extraction; north-west Iberia ID ROCK-PAINTINGS; AGE; ART; CHAUVET; DATES; CAVE AB Using plasma chemistry, carbon was extracted from charcoal paint samples collected from megalithic monuments in north-west Iberia. Nine accelerator mass spectrometric radiocarbon dates on these paints establish their age to be within 1000 C-14 years of each other, centred at approximately 5000 BP These radiocarbon ages for megalithic paintings fall within the proposed time period for north-west Iberian megalithic culture. Multiple layers of paint on some stones show that more than one painting episode occurred. C1 Univ Cent Arkansas, Dept Chem, Conway, AR 72035 USA. Escola Super Conservac & Restaurac Bens Culturais, Pontevedra 36002, Spain. Univ Santiago de Compostela, Dept Hist 1, Fac Xeografia & Hist, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. RP Steelman, KL (reprint author), Univ Cent Arkansas, Dept Chem, 205 Laney Hall,201 Donaghey Ave, Conway, AR 72035 USA. EM ksteel@uca.edu; fernandocerrera@wanadoo.es; phfabreg@eausc.es; guilderson1@popeye.llnl.gov; rowe@mail.chem.tamu.edu NR 25 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ANTIQUITY PI YORK PA KINGS MANOR, YORK Y01 7EP, ENGLAND SN 0003-598X J9 ANTIQUITY JI Antiquity PD JUN PY 2005 VL 79 IS 304 BP 379 EP 389 PG 11 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA 943NJ UT WOS:000230360500012 ER PT J AU Maness, PC Huang, J Smolinski, S Tek, V Vanzin, G AF Maness, PC Huang, J Smolinski, S Tek, V Vanzin, G TI Energy generation from the CO oxidation-hydrogen production pathway in Rubrivivax gelatinosus SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-MONOXIDE OXIDATION; RHODOSPIRILLUM-RUBRUM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; METHANOSARCINA-BARKERI; SYSTEM; GROWTH; DEHYDROGENASE; METABOLISM; DICYCLOHEXYLCARBODIIMIDE; PHOSPHORYLATION AB When incubated in the presence of CO gas, Rubrivivax gelatinosus CBS induces a CO oxidation-H, production pathway according to the stoichiometry CO + H2O -> CO2 + H-2. Once induced, this pathway proceeds equally well in both light and darkness. When light is not present, CO can serve as the sole carbon source, supporting cell growth anaerobically with a cell doubling time of nearly 2 days. This observation suggests that the CO oxidation reaction yields energy. Indeed, new ATP synthesis was detected in darkness following CO additions to the gas phase of the culture, in contrast to the case for a control that received an inert gas such as argon. When the CO-to-H-2 activity was determined in the presence of the electron transport uncoupler carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), the rate of H, production from CO oxidation was enhanced nearly 40 % compared to that of the control. Upon the addition of the ATP synthase inhibitor NN'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), we observed an inhibition of H-2 production from CO oxidation which could be reversed upon the addition of CCCP. Collectively, these data strongly suggest that the CO-to-H, reaction yields ATP driven by a transmembrane proton gradient, but the detailed mechanism of this reaction is not yet known. These findings encourage additional research aimed at long-term H2 production from gas streams containing CO. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Maness, PC (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM pinching_maness@nrel.gov NR 26 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 6 BP 2870 EP 2874 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.6.2870-2874.2005 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 935OF UT WOS:000229790900009 PM 15932979 ER PT J AU Zhang, GX Dong, HL Xu, ZQ Zhao, DG Zhang, CL AF Zhang, GX Dong, HL Xu, ZQ Zhao, DG Zhang, CL TI Microbial diversity in ultra-high-pressure rocks and fluids from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project in China SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GEN. NOV.; SODA LAKE; BACTERIA; DEEP; SEDIMENTS; COMMUNITIES; TEMPERATURE; REDUCTION; BASIN; ACIDS AB Microbial communities in ultra-high-pressure (UHP) rocks and drilling fluids from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project were characterized. The rocks had a porosity of I to 3.5% and a permeability of similar to 0.5 mDarcy. Abundant fluid and gas inclusions were present in the minerals. The rocks contained significant amounts of Fe2O3, FeO, P2O5, and nitrate (3 to 16 ppm). Acridine orange direct counting and phospholipid fatty acid analysis indicated that the total counts in the rocks and the fluids were 5.2 X 10(3) to 2.4 X 10(4) Cells/g and 3.5 X 10(8) to 4.2 X 10(9) cells/g, respectively. Enrichment assays resulted in successful growth of thermophilic and alkaliphilic bacteria from the fluids, and some of these bacteria reduced Fe(111) to magnetite. 16S rRNA gene analyses indicated that the rocks were dominated by sequences similar to sequences of Proteobacteria and that most organisms were related to nitrate reducers from a saline, alkaline, cold habitat; however, some phylotypes were either members of a novel lineage or closely related to uncultured clones. The bacterial communities in the fluids were more diverse and included Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, gram-positive bacteria, Planctomycetes, and Candidatus taxa. The archaeal diversity was lower, and most sequences were not related to any known cultivated species. Some archaeal sequences were 90 to 95% similar to sequences recovered from ocean sediments or other subsurface environments. Some archaeal sequences from the drilling fluids were > 93% similar to sequences of Sulfolobus solfataricus, and the thermophilic nature was consistent with the in situ temperature. We inferred that the microbes in the UHP rocks reside in fluid and gas inclusions, whereas those in the drilling fluids may be derived from subsurface fluids. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geol, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Dong, HL (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM dongh@muohio.edu NR 44 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 6 BP 3213 EP 3227 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.6.3213-3227.2005 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 935OF UT WOS:000229790900054 PM 15933024 ER PT J AU Jellison, GE Rouleau, CM AF Jellison, GE Rouleau, CM TI Determination of optical birefringence by using off-axis transmission ellipsometry SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED ELLIPSOMETRY; LINEAR BIREFRINGENCE; INSTRUMENT AB Utilizing transmission ellipsometry at small angles of incidence, it is shown that c-cut uniaxial samples can be used to determine both the miscut of the optic axis with respect to the plane of incidence as well as very accurate values of the spectroscopic bireffingence. For example, wafers of ZnO, LiNbO3, and 6H-SiC single-crystals are examined and the miscut direction and the spectroscopic bireffingence are determined. While all materials show strong dispersion in birefringence, ZnO exhibits a distinct isotropic point at 396.8 nm. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jellison, GE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Bldg 3025,MS 6030,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jellisongejr@ornl.gov RI Rouleau, Christopher/Q-2737-2015 OI Rouleau, Christopher/0000-0002-5488-3537 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 16 BP 3153 EP 3159 DI 10.1364/AO.44.003153 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 934QT UT WOS:000229724000002 PM 15943247 ER PT J AU Pisano, G Hargrave, P Griffin, M Collins, P Beeman, J Hermoso, R AF Pisano, G Hargrave, P Griffin, M Collins, P Beeman, J Hermoso, R TI Thermal illuminators for far-infrared and submillimeter astronomical instruments SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID HERSCHEL-SPIRE; CALIBRATION; PERFORMANCE AB Astronomical instruments operating in the infrared-millimeter region often require internal sources for detector monitoring, instrument calibration, and health checking. We describe the design, modeling, and experimental evaluation of thermal emitters with a fast speed of response and low-power dissipation, suitable for the far-infrared-submillimeter region. The development of an internal illuminator for the Herschel Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) satellite instrument is used as an example of the optimization of the design to meet particular requirements. A prototype illuminator design for SPIRE has been developed that, for a power dissipation of 1.5 mW, provides an equivalent blackbody temperature of 45 K with a 90% settling time of 220 ms. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Cardiff Univ, Cardiff CF24 3YB, Wales. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Queen Mary Univ London, Dept Phys, London E1 4NS, England. RP Pisano, G (reprint author), Cardiff Univ, 5 Parade, Cardiff CF24 3YB, Wales. EM giampaolo.pisano@astro.cf.ac.uk NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 16 BP 3208 EP 3217 DI 10.1364/AO.44.003208 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 934QT UT WOS:000229724000009 PM 15943254 ER PT J AU Tang, YJ Dunphy, DR Kemp, RA AF Tang, YJ Dunphy, DR Kemp, RA TI Low-temperature preparation of crystalline barium sulfide SO APPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE barium amides; barium sulfide; sulfidation; silylamides ID THIN-FILMS; BAS; SRS; PHOSPHORS AB Barium sulfide (BaS) is a compound with many uses, both commercially and in the scientific research world. Normally, BaS is prepared from the high-temperature reduction of barite (BaSO4) with carbon, a process that eliminates CO2 as a by-product. Temperatures during the reduction step can be as high as 1200 degrees C. We now demonstrate that barium disilylamides can be used as precursors to the formation of crystalline BaS in their reactions with hydrogen sulfide gas. As a major advantage, the temperature of BaS production can be lowered to 25-200 degrees C. The by-products formed during the reaction are ammonium sulfides, resulting from the acid-base reaction of the liberated amines with excess H2S. Fortunately, these salts decompose thermally in vacuurn under mild conditions. As determined by X-ray powder diffraction, the BaS formed in this reaction is crystalline, in the face-centered cubic space group Fm3m. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Kemp, RA (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM rakemp@unm.edu NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0268-2605 J9 APPL ORGANOMET CHEM JI Appl. Organomet. Chem. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 19 IS 6 BP 803 EP 805 DI 10.1002/aoc.890 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 929JG UT WOS:000229341800014 ER PT J AU Repsilber, T Borghesi, M Gauthier, JC Lowenbruck, K Mackinnon, A Malka, V Patel, P Pretzler, G Romagnani, L Toncian, T Willi, O AF Repsilber, T Borghesi, M Gauthier, JC Lowenbruck, K Mackinnon, A Malka, V Patel, P Pretzler, G Romagnani, L Toncian, T Willi, O TI Quantitative analysis of proton imaging measurements of laser-induced plasmas SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID TURBULENCE AB A method for obtaining quantitative information about electric field and charge distributions from proton imaging measurements of laser-induced plasmas is presented. A parameterised charge distribution is used as target plasma. The deflection of a proton beam by the electric field of such a plasma is simulated numerically as well as the resulting proton density, which will be obtained on a screen behind the plasma according to the proton imaging technique. The parameters of the specific charge distributions are delivered by a combination of linear regression and nonlinear fitting of the calculated proton density distribution to the measured optical density of a radiochromic film screen changed by proton exposure. It is shown that superpositions of spherical Gaussian charge distributions as target plasma are sufficient to simulate various structures in proton imaging measurements, which makes this method very flexible. C1 Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Laser & Plasmaphys, D-4000 Dusseldorf, Germany. Queens Univ Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Ecole Polytech, LULI, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Orsay, Ecole Polytech, CNRS, LOA,ENSTA, Orsay, France. RP Repsilber, T (reprint author), Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Laser & Plasmaphys, D-4000 Dusseldorf, Germany. EM tanja.repsilber@uni-duesseldorf.de RI Malka, Victor/F-5260-2010; Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011; Borghesi, Marco/K-2974-2012; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014 OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 80 IS 7 BP 905 EP 913 DI 10.1007/s00340-005-1800-y PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 932TR UT WOS:000229576900019 ER PT J AU Mcmahon, M Lopez, R Meyer, HM Feldman, LC Haglund, RF AF Mcmahon, M Lopez, R Meyer, HM Feldman, LC Haglund, RF TI Rapid tarnishing of silver nanoparticles in ambient laboratory air SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID NANOSCALE OPTICAL BIOSENSOR; RANGE DISTANCE DEPENDENCE; SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; NOBLE-METAL NANOPARTICLES; GROWTH; FILMS; PARTICLES; CORROSION; CONSTANTS; ARRAYS AB Silver has useful surface-plasmon-resonance properties for many potential applications. However, chemical activity in silver nanoparticles exposed to laboratory air can make interpretation of optical scattering and extinction spectra problematic. We have measured the shift of the plasmon polariton wavelength of arrays of silver nanoparticles with increasing exposure to ambient laboratory air. The resonance peak wavelength shifts 65 nm in 36 h (1.8 nm/h). We show by scanning Auger spectroscopy that the shift is due to contamination from sulfur, most likely chemisorbed on the surface. The rate of corrosion product growth on the nanoparticles is estimated to be 3 nm per day, 7.5 times higher than that of bulk Ag under the same conditions. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Vanderbilt Inst Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM matthew.mcmahon@vanderbilt.edu RI McMahon, Matthew/F-2986-2013; Lopez, Rene/G-3734-2014 OI Lopez, Rene/0000-0001-6274-066X NR 22 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 EI 1432-0649 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 80 IS 7 BP 915 EP 921 DI 10.1007/s00340-005-1793-6 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 932TR UT WOS:000229576900020 ER PT J AU Burr, TL Sampson, TE Vo, DT AF Burr, TL Sampson, TE Vo, DT TI Statistical evaluation of FRAM gamma-ray isotopic analysis data SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE planar and coaxial HPGe detectors; FRAM (fixed energy, response function analysis with multiple efficiencies); gamma-ray isotopic analysis; item-specific bias; measurement error model; analysis of variance AB High-purity germanium (HPGe) detector gamma-ray spectra were analyzed using the FRAM (fixed energy, response function analysis with multiple efficiencies) gamma-ray isotopic analysis software. The analyses are based on multiple measurements of samples having well-documented isotopic composition from mass spectrometry measurements. Statistical analyses of the FRAM results are reported, the errors in FRAM analyses arising from the choice of detector type and the energy region are discussed, and the errors that resulted from sample-dependent and analysis-dependent effects are quantified. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Safeguards Sci & Technol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Burr, TL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Mail Stop F600, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tburr@lanl.gov NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 62 IS 6 BP 931 EP 940 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2005.01.002 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 927OU UT WOS:000229204000012 PM 15799872 ER PT J AU Carter, JC Angel, SM Lawrence-Snyder, M Scaffidi, J Whipple, RE Reynolds, JG AF Carter, JC Angel, SM Lawrence-Snyder, M Scaffidi, J Whipple, RE Reynolds, JG TI Standoff detection of high explosive materials at 50 meters in ambient light conditions using a small Raman instrument SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE standoff Raman; energetic materials; TNT; RDX; PETN ID INSITU OPTICAL-DETECTION; ENERGETIC MATERIALS; REMOTE DETECTION; PROPELLANT FORMULATIONS; PLANETARY SURFACES; NITRO-COMPOUNDS; FIELD DETECTION; SPECTROSCOPY; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; SITU AB We have designed and demonstrated a standoff Raman system for detecting high explosive materials at distances up to 50 meters in ambient light conditions. In the system, light is collected using an 8-in. Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope fiber-coupled to an f/1.8 spectrograph with a gated intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) detector. A frequency-doubled Nd:YAG (532 nm) pulsed (10 Hz) laser is used as the excitation source for measuring remote spectra of samples containing up to 8% explosive materials. The explosives RDX, TNT, and PETN as well as nitrate- and chlorate-containing materials were used to evaluate the performance of the system with samples placed at distances of 27 and 50 meters. Laser power studies were performed to determine the effects of laser heating and photodegradation on the samples. Raman signal levels were found to increase linearly with increasing laser energy up to similar to 3 x 10(6) W/cm(2) for all samples except TNT, which showed some evidence of photo- or thermal degradation at higher laser power densities. Detector gate width studies showed that Raman spectra could be acquired in high levels of ambient light using a 10 microsecond gate width. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div M, Forens Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Carter, JC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div M, Forens Sci Ctr, 700 E Ave,L-178, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM carter45@llnl.gov OI Angel, Stanley/0000-0002-0328-0568 NR 44 TC 144 Z9 144 U1 4 U2 30 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 59 IS 6 BP 769 EP 775 DI 10.1366/0003702054280612 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 936KV UT WOS:000229854800008 PM 16053543 ER PT J AU Genoux, A Dehondt, H Helleboid-Chapman, A Duhem, C Hum, DW Martin, G Pennacchio, LA Staels, B Fruchart-Najib, J Fruchart, JC AF Genoux, A Dehondt, H Helleboid-Chapman, A Duhem, C Hum, DW Martin, G Pennacchio, LA Staels, B Fruchart-Najib, J Fruchart, JC TI Transcriptional regulation of apolipoprotein A5 gene expression by the nuclear receptor ROR alpha SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apolipoprotein A5; uclear receptor ROR alpha; triglyceride homeostasis; transcriptional regulation ID PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDE LEVELS; RESPONSE ELEMENT; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; DNA-BINDING; C-III; RISK; MICE; STAGGERER AB Objective - The newly identified apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5), selectively expressed in the liver, is a crucial determinant of plasma triglyceride levels. Because elevated plasma triglyceride concentrations constitute an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, it is important to understand how the expression of this gene is regulated. In the present study, we identified the retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-alpha (ROR alpha) as a regulator of human APOA5 gene expression. Methods and Results - Using electromobility shift assays, we first demonstrated that ROR alpha 1 and ROR alpha 4 proteins can bind specifically to a direct repeat 1 site present at the position - 272/ - 260 in the APOA5 gene promoter. In addition, using transient cotransfection experiments in HepG2 and HuH7 cells, we demonstrated that both ROR alpha 1 and ROR alpha 4 strongly increase APOA5 promoter transcriptional activity in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, adenoviral overexpression of hROR alpha in HepG2 cells led to enhanced hAPOA5 mRNA accumulation. We show that the homologous region in mouse apoa5 promoter is not functional. Moreover, we show that in staggerer mice, apoa5 gene is not affected by ROR alpha. Conclusions - These findings identify ROR alpha 1 and ROR alpha 4 as transcriptional activators of human APOA5 gene expression. These data suggest an additional important physiological role for ROR alpha in the regulation of genes involved in lipid homeostasis and probably in the development of atherosclerosis. C1 Inst Pasteur, INSERM, U545, Dept Atherosclerose, F-59019 Lille, France. Fac Pharm Lille, Lille, France. Genfit SA, Loos, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fruchart-Najib, J (reprint author), Univ Lille 2, INSERM, U545, 885 Ave Eugene Avinee, F-59120 Loos, France. EM jfruchart@pharma.univ-lille2.fr NR 32 TC 39 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1186 EP 1192 DI 10.1161/01.ATV.0000163841.85333.83 PG 7 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 931DC UT WOS:000229465000019 PM 15790933 ER PT J AU Modera, M AF Modera, M TI Filing duct leaks in commercial buildings SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Carrier Aeroseal, Syracuse, NY USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Modera, M (reprint author), Carrier Aeroseal, Syracuse, NY USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 47 IS 6 BP 22 EP + PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 933QC UT WOS:000229647000009 ER PT J AU Feng, MY Roth, K Westphalen, D Brodrick, J AF Feng, MY Roth, K Westphalen, D Brodrick, J TI Emerging technologies - Damper diagnostics SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Charles Stark Draper Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. US DOE, Bldg Technol Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Feng, MY (reprint author), Charles Stark Draper Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 47 IS 6 BP 58 EP + PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 933QC UT WOS:000229647000015 ER PT J AU Collinge, MJ Strauss, MA Hall, PB Ivezic, Z Munn, JA Schlegel, DJ Zakamska, NL Anderson, SF Harris, HC Richards, GT Schneider, DP Voges, W York, DG Margon, B Brinkmann, J AF Collinge, MJ Strauss, MA Hall, PB Ivezic, Z Munn, JA Schlegel, DJ Zakamska, NL Anderson, SF Harris, HC Richards, GT Schneider, DP Voges, W York, DG Margon, B Brinkmann, J TI Optically identified BL Lacertae objects from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects : general; galaxies : active; quasars : general ID SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; ABSORPTION-LINE QUASARS; PROPER-MOTION CATALOG; EARLY DATA RELEASE; WHITE-DWARF STARS; 1ST DATA RELEASE; ROSAT ALL-SKY; USNO-B; RADIO PROPERTIES AB We present a sample of 386 BL Lacertae candidates identified from 2860 deg(2) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) spectroscopic database. The candidates are primarily selected to have quasi-featureless optical spectra and low proper motions as measured from SDSS and USNO-B positions; however, our ability to separate Galactic from extragalactic quasi-featureless objects (QFOs) on the basis of proper motion alone is limited by the lack of reliable proper motion measurements for faint objects. Fortunately, high proper motion QFOs, mostly DC white dwarfs, populate a well-defined region of color space, approximately corresponding to blackbodies with temperatures in the range 7000 - 12,000 K. QFOs with measurable redshifts or X-ray or radio counterparts (i.e., evidence of an extragalactic/ active galactic nucleus nature) loosely follow a track in color space that corresponds to power-law continua plus host galaxy starlight, with typical power-law slopes in the range 1< alpha(opt) < 2 (f(nu) proportional to nu(-alpha)). Based largely on this remarkably clean color separation, we subdivide the sample into 240 probable candidates and 146 additional less probable ( likely stellar) candidates. The probable BL Lac candidates have multiwavelength properties consistent with the range of previously known BL Lac objects, with an apparent preponderance of objects with synchrotron peaks at relatively high energies (HBL/XBL type). The majority of the 154 objects with measurable redshifts have z < 1, with a median of 0.45; there are also a handful of high-redshift objects extending up to z = 5.03. We identify a small number of potential radio-quiet BL Lac candidates, although more sensitive radio observations are needed to confirm their radio-quiet nature. C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. RP Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM collinge@astro.princeton.edu; strauss@astro.princeton.edu; phall@yorku.ca; ivezic@astro.washington.edu; jam@nofs.navy.mil; schlegel@astro.princeton.edu; nadia@astro.princeton.edu; anderson@astro.washington.edu; hch@nofs.navy.mil; gtr@astro.princeton.edu; dps@astro.psu.edu; whv@xray.mpe.mpg.de; don@oddjob.uchicago.edu; margon@stsci.edu; brinkmann@nmsu.edu RI Margon, Bruce/B-5913-2012; Brinkmann, Jonathan/H-2779-2014 OI Brinkmann, Jonathan/0000-0001-6128-659X NR 69 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 129 IS 6 BP 2542 EP 2561 DI 10.1086/430216 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 931FY UT WOS:000229472400003 ER PT J AU Willman, B Blanton, MR West, AA Dalcanton, JJ Hogg, DW Schneider, DP Wherry, N Yanny, B Brinkmann, J AF Willman, B Blanton, MR West, AA Dalcanton, JJ Hogg, DW Schneider, DP Wherry, N Yanny, B Brinkmann, J TI A new Milky Way companion: Unusual globular cluster or extreme dwarf satellite? SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : dwarf; galaxies : formation; globular clusters : general; Local Group; surveys ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; GALACTIC HALO; TIDAL TAILS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; DATA RELEASE; LOCAL GROUP; SYSTEM; MASS; GALAXIES; REIONIZATION AB We report the discovery of SDSS J1049+ 5103, an overdensity of resolved blue stars at (alpha(2000), delta(2000)) = (162.degrees 343; 51.degrees 051). This object appears to be an old, metal-poor stellar system at a distance of 45 +/- 10 kpc, with a half-light radius of 23 +/- 10 pc and an absolute magnitude of M-V = -3.0(-0.7)(+2.0) One star that is likely associated with this Milky Way companion has an SDSS spectrum confirming it as a blue horizontal-branch star at 48 kpc. The color-magnitude diagram of SDSS J1049+ 5103 contains few, if any, horizontal or red giant branch stars, similar to the anomalously faint globular cluster AM 4. The size and luminosity of SDSS J1049+ 5103 places it at the intersection of the size-luminosity relationships followed by known globular clusters and by Milky Way dwarf spheroidal galaxies. If SDSS J1049+ 5103 is a globular cluster, then its properties are consistent with the established trend that the largest radius Galactic globular clusters are all in the outer halo. However, the five known globular clusters with similarly faint absolute magnitudes all have half-mass radii that are smaller than SDSS J1049+ 5103 by a factor of greater than or similar to 5. If it is a dwarf spheroidal galaxy, then it is the faintest yet known by 2 orders of magnitude and is the first example of the ultrafaint dwarfs predicted by some theories. The uncertain nature of this new system underscores the sometimes ambiguous distinction between globular clusters and dwarf spheroidal galaxies. A simple friends-of-friends search for similar, blue, small scale length star clusters detected all known globular clusters and dwarfs closer than 50 kpc in the SDSS area but yielded no other candidates as robust as SDSS J1049+5103. C1 NYU, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. RP Willman, B (reprint author), NYU, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, 4 Washington Pl, New York, NY 10003 USA. RI West, Andrew/H-3717-2014; OI Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403 NR 46 TC 219 Z9 219 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 129 IS 6 BP 2692 EP 2700 DI 10.1086/430214 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 931FY UT WOS:000229472400015 ER PT J AU Labiano, A O'Dea, CP Gelderman, R de Vries, WH Axon, DJ Barthel, PD Baum, SA Capetti, A Fanti, R Koekemoer, AM Morganti, R Tadhunter, CN AF Labiano, A O'Dea, CP Gelderman, R de Vries, WH Axon, DJ Barthel, PD Baum, SA Capetti, A Fanti, R Koekemoer, AM Morganti, R Tadhunter, CN TI HST/STIS low dispersion spectroscopy of three compact steep spectrum sources - Evidence for jet-cloud interaction SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : individual : 3C 67; galaxies : individual : 3C 277.1; galaxies : individual : 3C 303.1; galaxies : quasars : emission lines ID EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; SYMMETRICAL OBJECTS; ACTIVE GALAXIES; EXTENDED GAS; LINE REGION; EMISSION; EVOLUTION; SHOCKS; CLASSIFICATION; TEMPERATURE AB We present Hubble Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph long-slit spectroscopy of the emission line nebulae in the compact steep spectrum radio sources 3C 67, 3C 277.1, and 3C 303.1. We derive BPT (Baldwin- Philips-Terlevich; Baldwin et al. 1981) diagnostic emission line ratios for the nebulae which are consistent with a mix of shock excitation and photo-ionization in the extended gas. In addition, line ratios indicative of lower ionization gas are found to be associated with higher gas velocities. The results are consistent with a picture in which these galaxy scale radio sources interact with dense clouds in the interstellar medium of the host galaxies, shocking the clouds thereby ionizing and accelerating them. C1 Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Western Kentucky Univ, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Ctr Imaging Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Osserv Astron Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy. CNR, Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. Netherlands Fdn Res Astron, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. Univ Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. RP Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. EM labiano@astro.rug.nl; odea@cis.rit.edu; geldermn@grendel.tccw.wku.edu; wdevries@beowulf.ucllnl.org; djasps@rit.edu; baum@cis.rit.edu; capetti@to.astro.it; rfanti@ira.cnr.it; morganti@astron.nl; C.Tadhunter@sheffield.ac.uk OI capetti, alessandro/0000-0003-3684-4275; Koekemoer, Anton/0000-0002-6610-2048 NR 46 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 436 IS 2 BP 493 EP 501 DI 10.1051/0004/6361:20042425 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 931HE UT WOS:000229475600020 ER PT J AU Abazajian, K Zheng, Z Zehavi, I Weinberg, DH Frieman, JA Berlind, AA Blanton, MR Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Schneider, DP Tegmark, M AF Abazajian, K Zheng, Z Zehavi, I Weinberg, DH Frieman, JA Berlind, AA Blanton, MR Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Schneider, DP Tegmark, M TI Cosmology and the halo occupation distribution from small-scale galaxy clustering in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; cosmology : theory; galaxies : formation; galaxies : halos ID PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES; 3-POINT CORRELATION-FUNCTION; DARK-MATTER MODELS; POWER SPECTRUM; DATA RELEASE; VELOCITY DISPERSION; REDSHIFT SURVEY; BIAS AB We use the projected correlation function w(p)(r(p)) of a volume-limited subsample of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) main galaxy-redshift catalog to measure the halo occupation distribution (HOD) of the galaxies of the sample. Simultaneously, we allow the cosmology to vary within cosmological constraints imposed by cosmic microwave background experiments in a Lambda CDM model. We find that combining w(p)(r(p)) for this sample alone with observations by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP), Arcminute Cosmology Bolometer Array Receiver (ACBAR), Cosmic Background Imager (CBI), and Very Small Array (VSA) can provide one of the most precise techniques available to measure cosmological parameters. For a minimal, flat, six-parameter Lambda CDM model with an HOD with three free parameters, we find Omega(m) = 0.278(-0.027)(+0.027), sigma(8) = 0.812(-0.027)(+0.028), and H-0 = 69.8(-2.6)(+2.6) km s(-1) Mpc(-1); these errors are significantly smaller than from cosmic microwave background (CMB) alone and similar to those obtained by combining CMB with the large-scale galaxy power spectrum assuming scale-independent bias. The corresponding HOD parameters describing the minimum halo mass and the normalization and cutoff of the satellite mean occupation are M-min = (3.03(-0.36)(+0.36)) x 10(12) h(-1) M circle dot, M-1 = (4.58(-0.60)(+0.60)) x 10(13) h(-1) M circle dot, and kappa = 4.44(-0.69)(+0.51). These HOD parameters thus have small fractional uncertainty when cosmological parameters are allowed to vary within the range permitted by the data. When more parameters are added to the HOD model, the error bars on the HOD parameters increase because of degeneracies, but the error bars on the cosmological parameters do not increase greatly. Similar modeling for other galaxy samples could reduce the statistical errors on these results, while more thorough investigations of the cosmology dependence of nonlinear halo bias and halo mass functions are needed to eliminate remaining systematic uncertainties, which may be comparable to statistical uncertainties. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theoret Astrophys Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 104, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 19104 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Abazajian, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Mail Stop B285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 82 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 625 IS 2 BP 613 EP 620 DI 10.1086/429685 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 930SJ UT WOS:000229436900004 ER PT J AU Jester, S AF Jester, S TI A simple test for the existence of two accretion modes in active galactic nuclei SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; galaxies : active ID DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; BLACK-HOLE MASSES; X-RAY BINARIES; ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION; SPECTRAL STATE TRANSITION; RADIO LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; FR-I; COSMOLOGICAL EVOLUTION; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; GALAXIES AB By analogy to the different accretion states observed in black hole X-ray binaries (BHXBs), it appears plausible that accretion disks in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) undergo a state transition between a radiatively efficient and inefficient accretion flow. If the radiative efficiency changes at some critical accretion rate, there will be a change in the distribution of black hole masses and bolometric luminosities at the corresponding transition luminosity. To test this prediction, I consider the joint distribution of AGN black hole masses and bolometric luminosities for a sample taken from the literature. The small number of objects with low Eddington-scaled accretion rates m < 0.01 and black hole masses M-BH <= 10(9) M circle dot constitutes tentative evidence for the existence of such a transition in AGNs. Selection effects, in particular those associated with flux-limited samples, systematically exclude objects in particular regions of the (MBH, L-bol) plane. Therefore, they require particular attention in the analysis of distributions of black hole mass, bolometric luminosity, and derived quantities such as the accretion rate. I suggest further observational tests of the BHXB-AGN unification scheme that are based on the jet domination of the energy output of BHXBs in the hard state, and of the possible equivalence of BHXB in the very high ( or steep power-law) state showing ejections and efficiently accreting quasars and radio galaxies with powerful radio jets. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Jester, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, POB 500,Mail Stop 127, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM jester@fnal.gov NR 79 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 625 IS 2 BP 667 EP 679 DI 10.1086/429812 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 930SJ UT WOS:000229436900009 ER PT J AU Perlman, ES Madejski, G Georganopoulos, M Andersson, K Daugherty, T Krolik, JH Rector, T Stocke, JT Koratkar, A Wagner, S Aller, M Aller, H Allen, MG AF Perlman, ES Madejski, G Georganopoulos, M Andersson, K Daugherty, T Krolik, JH Rector, T Stocke, JT Koratkar, A Wagner, S Aller, M Aller, H Allen, MG TI Intrinsic curvature in the X-ray spectra of BL Lacertae objects SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects : general; BL Lacertae objects : individual (1ES 0033+595, 1ES 0120+340, 1ES 0145+138, 1ES 0323+022, 1ES 0347-121, 1ES 0414+009, 1ES 0647+250, 1ES 1028+511, 1ES 1101-232, 1ES 1255+244, 1ES 1553+113, 1ES 1959+650, Markarian 180) galaxies : active; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; X-rays : galaxies ID XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LOG-PARABOLIC SPECTRA; EINSTEIN SLEW SURVEY; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; BEPPOSAX OBSERVATIONS; ABSORPTION FEATURE; TEV BLAZARS; M87 JET; VARIABILITY AB We report results from XMM-Newton observations of 13 X-ray bright BL Lacertae objects, selected from the Einstein Slew Survey sample (SSS). The survey was designed to look for evidence of departures of the X-ray spectra from a simple power-law shape (i.e., curvature and/or line features) and to find objects worthy of deeper study. Our data are generally well fit by power-law models, with three cases having hard (Gamma < 2; dN/dE proportional to E(-Gamma)) spectra that indicate synchrotron peaks at E greater than or similar to 5 keV. Previous data had suggested a presence of absorption features in the X-ray spectra of some BL Lac objects. In contrast, none of these spectra show convincing examples of line features in either absorption or emission, suggesting that such features are rare among BL Lac objects, or, more likely, are artifacts caused by instrumental effects. We find significant evidence for intrinsic curvature [steepening by d Gamma/d(log E) = 0.4 +/- 0.15] in 14 of the 17 X-ray spectra. This cannot be explained satisfactorily via excess absorption, since the curvature is essentially constant from 0.5-6 keV, an observation that is inconsistent with the modest amounts of absorption that would be required. We use the XMM-Newton Optical Monitor data with concurrent radio monitoring to derive broadband spectral energy distributions and peak frequency estimates. From these, we examine models of synchrotron emission and model the spectral curvature we see as the result of episodic particle acceleration. C1 Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Astrophys, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, CoPS, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Perlman, ES (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Astrophys, Dept Phys, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM perlman@jca.umbc.edu; markos@jca.umbc.edu OI Perlman, Eric/0000-0002-3099-1664 NR 61 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 625 IS 2 BP 727 EP 740 DI 10.1086/429688 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 930SJ UT WOS:000229436900014 ER PT J AU Jimenez-Garate, MA Raymond, JC Liedahl, DA Hailey, CJ AF Jimenez-Garate, MA Raymond, JC Liedahl, DA Hailey, CJ TI Identification of an extended accretion disk corona in the Hercules X-1 low state: Moderate optical depth, precise density determination, and verification of CNO abundances SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; binaries : eclipsing; line : formation; line : identification; pulsars : individual (Hercules X-1); X-rays : binaries ID HELIUM-LIKE IONS; X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; REFLECTION GRATING SPECTROMETER; PHOTOIONIZED PLASMA; NEUTRON-STAR; MONITOR OBSERVATIONS; NEBULAR MODELS; EMISSION-LINES; PULSE PROFILE; LOW-MASS AB We identify an accretion disk atmosphere and corona from the high-resolution X-ray spectrum of Hercules X-1, and we determine its detailed physical properties. More than two dozen recombination emission lines ( from Fe XXVI at 1.78 angstrom to N VI at 29.08 angstrom) and Fe K alpha, K beta fluorescence lines were detected in a 50 ks observation with the Chandra High-Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer ( HETGS). They allow us to measure the density [ ne (2 +/- 1) x 10(13) cm from Mg XI], temperature (kT = 7 +/- 3 eVfrom Ne IX), spatial distribution, elemental composition, and kinematics (Delta upsilon less than or similar to 260 km s(-1)) of the plasma. We exclude HZ Her as the source of the recombination emission. We compare accretion disk model atmospheres with the observed spectrum in order to constrain the stratification of density and ionization, elemental composition, energetics, and thermal stability. The derived disk atmosphere and corona radii are 8 x 10(10) cm less than or similar to r less than or similar to 1x10(11) cm, in agreement with previously measured eclipse ingress light curves. The atmospheric spectrum observed during the low state is photoionized by the main-on X-ray continuum, indicating that the disk is observed edge-on during the low state. We infer the mean number of scatterings < N > of Ly alpha and Ly beta line photons from H-like ions. We derive < N > less than or similar to 69 for O VIII Ly alpha(1), which rules out the presence of a mechanism modeled by Sako to enhance N VII emission via a line overlap with O VIII. The line optical depth diagnostics are consistent with a flattened atmosphere. Our spectral analysis, the disk atmosphere model, and the presence of intense N VII and N vi lines ( plus N V in the UV) confirm the overabundance of nitrogen relative to other metals, which was shown to be indicative of CNO cycle processing in a massive progenitor. The spectral signatures of a thermal instability in the photoionized plasma are not evident, but the measured density is in the stable regime of the models. C1 MIT, Space Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys & Adv Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Jimenez-Garate, MA (reprint author), MIT, Space Res Ctr, 70 Vassar St,NE80-6009, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM mario@space.mit.edu; raymond@cfa.harvard.edu; liedahl1@llnl.gov; chuckh@astro.columbia.edu NR 57 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 625 IS 2 BP 931 EP 950 PN 1 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 930SJ UT WOS:000229436900032 ER PT J AU Lepson, JK Beiersdorfer, P Behar, E Kahn, SM AF Lepson, JK Beiersdorfer, P Behar, E Kahn, SM TI Emission-line spectra of SVII-S XIV in the 20-75 A wavelength region SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE line : identification; methods : analytical; methods : laboratory; stars : coronae; stars : individual (Procyon) ID SOFT-X-RAY; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET REGION; BEAM ION-TRAP; ATOMIC DATABASE; FE-VII; SPECTROSCOPY; ANGSTROM; SPECTROMETER; IRON; CHANDRA AB As part of a larger project to complete a comprehensive catalog of astrophysically relevant emission lines in support of new-generation X-ray observatories using the Lawrence Livermore electron beam ion traps EBIT-I and EBIT-II, we present observations of sulfur lines in the soft X-ray and extreme-ultraviolet regions. Our database includes wavelength measurements with standard errors, relative intensities, and line assignments for 127 transitions of S VII through S XIV between 20 and 75 angstrom. The experimental data are complemented with a full set of calculations using the Hebrew University Lawrence Livermore Atomic Code (HULLAC). A comparison of the laboratory data with Chandra measurements of Procyon allows us to identify S VII - S XI lines. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys & Adv Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Lepson, JK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lepson@ssl.berkeley.edu; beiersdorfer@llnl.gov; behar@physics.technion.ac.il; skahn@slac.stanford.edu NR 26 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 625 IS 2 BP 1045 EP 1061 DI 10.1086/429879 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 930SJ UT WOS:000229436900044 ER PT J AU Hsieh, BC Yee, HKC Lin, H Gladders, MD AF Hsieh, BC Yee, HKC Lin, H Gladders, MD TI A photometric redshift galaxy catalog from the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE catalogs; galaxies : distances and redshifts; galaxies : general; galaxies : photometry; surveys; techniques : photometric ID HUBBLE-DEEP-FIELD; BROAD-BAND PHOTOMETRY; ULTRAVIOLET EXTINCTION; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; WIDE-FIELD; NORTH; EVOLUTION; RELEASE AB The Red-Sequence Cluster Survey (RCS) provides a large and deep photometric catalog of galaxies in the z' and R-c bands for 90 deg(2) of sky, and supplemental V and B data have been obtained for 33.6 deg(2). We compile a photometric redshift catalog from these four-band data by utilizing the empirical quadratic polynomial photometric redshift fitting technique in combination with CNOC2 and GOODS/HDF-N redshift data. The training set includes 4924 spectral redshifts. The resulting catalog contains more than one million galaxies with photometric redshifts < 1.5 and R-c < 24, giving an rms scatter sigma(Delta z) < 0.06 within the redshift range 0.2 < z < 0.5 and sigma(Delta z) < 0.11 for galaxies at 0.0 < z < 1.5. We describe the empirical quadratic polynomial photometric redshift fitting technique that we use to determine the relation between redshift and photometry. A kd-tree algorithm is used to divide up our sample to improve the accuracy of our catalog. We also present a method for estimating the photometric redshift error for individual galaxies. We show that the redshift distribution of our sample is in excellent agreement with smaller and much deeper photometric and spectroscopic redshift surveys. C1 Natl Cent Univ, Inst Astron, Jhongli City 320, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Carnegie Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. RP Hsieh, BC (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Inst Astron, Jhongda Rd, Jhongli City 320, Taoyuan, Taiwan. EM bchsieh@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw; hyee@astro.utoronto.ca; hlin@fnal.gov; gladders@ociw.edu NR 35 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 158 IS 2 BP 161 EP 177 DI 10.1086/429293 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 930SM UT WOS:000229437300002 ER PT J AU May, MJ Beiersdorfer, P Dunn, J Jordan, N Hansen, SB Osterheld, AL Faenov, AY Pikuz, TA Skobelev, IY Flora, F Bollanti, S Di Lazzaro, P Murra, D Reale, A Reale, L Tomassetti, G Ritucci, A Francucci, M Martellucci, S Petrocelli, G AF May, MJ Beiersdorfer, P Dunn, J Jordan, N Hansen, SB Osterheld, AL Faenov, AY Pikuz, TA Skobelev, IY Flora, F Bollanti, S Di Lazzaro, P Murra, D Reale, A Reale, L Tomassetti, G Ritucci, A Francucci, M Martellucci, S Petrocelli, G TI Accurate wavelength measurements and modeling of Fe XV to Fe XIX spectra recorded in high-density plasmas between 13.5 and 17 angstrom SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE atomic data; methods : laboratory ID EXCIMER-LASER; LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; RAY-SPECTRA; IDENTIFICATION; SPECTROMETER; IONS AB Iron spectra have been recorded from plasmas created at three different laser plasma facilities: the Tor Vergata University laser in Rome ( Italy), the Hercules laser at ENEA in Frascati ( Italy), and the Compact Multipulse Terawatt ( COMET) laser at LLNL in California ( USA). The measurements provide a means of identifying dielectronic satellite lines from Fe XVI and Fe XV in the vicinity of the strong 2p --> 3d transitions of Fe XVII. About 80 Delta n >= 1 lines of Fe XV (Mg-like) to Fe XIX (O-like) were recorded between 13.8 and 17.1 angstrom with a high spectral resolution (lambda/Delta lambda approximate to 4000); about 30 of these lines are from Fe XVI and Fe XV. The laser-produced plasmas had electron temperatures between 100 and 500 eV and electron densities between 10(20) and 10(22) cm(-3). The Hebrew University Lawrence Livermore Atomic Code (HULLAC) was used to calculate the atomic structure and atomic rates for Fe XV - XIX. HULLAC was used to calculate synthetic line intensities at T-e = 200 eV and n(e) = 10(21) cm(-3) for three different conditions to illustrate the role of opacity: optically thin plasmas with no excitation-autoionization/dielectronic recombination (EA/DR) contributions to the line intensities, optically thin plasmas that included EA/DR contributions to the line intensities, and optically thick plasmas ( optical depth approximate to 200 mu m) that included EA/DR contributions to the line intensities. The optically thick simulation best reproduced the recorded spectrum from the Hercules laser. However, some discrepancies between the modeling and the recorded spectra remain. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. VNIIFTRI, Multicharged Ions Spectra Data Ctr, Moscow 141570, Russia. ENEA, Dipartimento Innovaz, Settore Fis Applicata, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Fis, I-67010 Coppito, Italy. Univ Aquila, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, GS INGS, I-67010 Coppito, Italy. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, INFM, Dipartimento Sci & Technol Fisiche & Energet, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP May, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-260, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM may13@llnl.gov NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 158 IS 2 BP 230 EP 241 DI 10.1086/429541 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 930SM UT WOS:000229437300007 ER PT J AU Kuranz, CC Drake, RP Leibrandt, DR Harding, EC Robey, HF Miles, AR Blue, BE Hansen, JF Louis, H Bono, M Knauer, J Arnett, D Meakin, CA AF Kuranz, CC Drake, RP Leibrandt, DR Harding, EC Robey, HF Miles, AR Blue, BE Hansen, JF Louis, H Bono, M Knauer, J Arnett, D Meakin, CA TI Progress toward the study of laboratory scale, astrophysically relevant, turbulent plasmas SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 10-13, 2004 CL Tucson, AZ ID SUPERNOVA AB Recent results from an ongoing series of Rayleigh-Taylor instability experiments being conducted on the Omega Laser are described. The goal of these experiments is to study, in a controlled laboratory setting, the mixing that occurs at an unstable interface subjected to an acceleration history similar to the explosion phase of a core-collapse supernova. In a supernova, the Reynolds number characterizing this mixing is extremely large (Re > 10(10)) and is more than sufficient to produce a turbulent flow at the interface. In the laboratory experiment, by contrast, the spatial scales are much smaller, but are still sufficiently large (Re > 10(5)) to support a turbulent flow and therefore recreate the conditions relevant to the supernova problem. The data from these experiments will be used to validate astrophysical codes as well as to better understand the transition to turbulence in such high energy density systems. The experimental results to date using two-dimensional initial perturbations demonstrate a clear visual transition from a well-ordered perturbation structure consisting of only a few modes to one with considerable modal content. Analysis of these results, however, indicates that while a turbulent spectrum visually appears to be forming, the layer has not yet reached the asymptotic growth rate characteristic of a fully turbulent layer. Recent advances in both target fabrication and diagnostic techniques are discussed as well. These advances will allow for the study of well-controlled 3D perturbations, increasing our ability to recreate the conditions occurring in the supernova. C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Kuranz, CC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Drake, R Paul/I-9218-2012 OI Drake, R Paul/0000-0002-5450-9844 NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 298 IS 1-2 BP 9 EP 16 DI 10.1007/s10509-005-3906-4 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 934MK UT WOS:000229712700003 ER PT J AU Miles, AR Edwards, MJ Greenough, JA AF Miles, AR Edwards, MJ Greenough, JA TI Effects of initial conditions on compressible mixing in supernova-relevant laboratory experiments SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 10-13, 2004 CL Tucson, AZ ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; HYDRODYNAMICS; MODEL AB In core-collapse supernovae, strong blast waves drive interfaces susceptible to Rayleigh-Taylor (RT), Richtmyer-Meshkov (RM), and Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instabilities. In addition, perturbation growth can result from material expansion in large-scale velocity gradients behind the shock front. Laser-driven experiments are designed to produce a strongly shocked interface whose evolution is a scaled version of the unstable hydrogen-helium interface in core-collapse supernovae such as SN 1987A. The ultimate goal of this research is to develop an understanding of the effect of hydrodynamic instabilities and the resulting transition to turbulence on supernovae observables that remain as yet unexplained. This paper represents a summary of recent results from a computational study of unstable systems driven by high Mach number shock and blast waves. For planar multimode systems, compressibility effects preclude the emergence of a regime of self-similar instability growth independent of the initial conditions (ICs) by allowing for memory of the initial conditions to be retained in the mix-width at all times. With higher-dimensional blast waves, divergence restores the properties necessary for establishment of the self-similar state, but achieving it requires very high initial characteristic mode number and high Mach number for the incident blast wave. Initial conditions predicted by some recent stellar calculations are incompatible with self-similarity. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Miles, AR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM miles_15@llnl.gov NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 298 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 24 DI 10.1007/s10509-005-3907-3 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 934MK UT WOS:000229712700004 ER PT J AU Edens, AD Ditmire, T Hansen, JF Edwards, MJ Adams, RG Rambo, P Ruggles, L Smith, IC Porter, JL AF Edens, AD Ditmire, T Hansen, JF Edwards, MJ Adams, RG Rambo, P Ruggles, L Smith, IC Porter, JL TI Studies of laser-driven radiative blast waves SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 10-13, 2004 CL Tucson, AZ DE laser produced blast waves; laboratory astrophysics; Vishniac overstability ID SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; STAR FORMATION; INSTABILITIES; SHOCKS; LAYERS; GAS AB We have performed two sets of experiments looking at laser-driven radiating blast waves. In the first set of experiments the effect of a drive lasers passage through a background gas on the hydrodynamical evolution of blast waves was examined. The lasers passage heated a channel in the gas, creating a region where a portion of the blast wave front had an increased velocity, leading to the formation of a bump-like protrusion on the blast wave. The second set of experiments involved the use of regularly spaced wire arrays used to induce perturbations on a blast wave surface. The decay of these perturbations as a function of time was measured for various wave number perturbations and found to be in good agreement with theoretical predictions. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Edens, AD (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM aedens@mail.utexas.edu NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 298 IS 1-2 BP 39 EP 47 DI 10.1007/s10509-005-3910-8 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 934MK UT WOS:000229712700007 ER PT J AU Hansen, JF Edwards, MJ Froula, D Gregori, G Edens, A Ditmire, T AF Hansen, JF Edwards, MJ Froula, D Gregori, G Edens, A Ditmire, T TI Laboratory simulations of supernova shockwave propagation SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 10-13, 2004 CL Tucson, AZ DE shock; radiative; super critical; interstellar matter; xenon; Taylor; Sedov; Barenblatt; Mach ID ASTROPHYSICS; INSTABILITY; WAVES AB Supernovae launch spherical shocks into the circumstellar medium (CSM). These shocks have high Mach numbers and may be radiative. We have created similar shocks in the laboratory by focusing laser pulses onto the tip of a solid pin surrounded by ambient gas; ablated material from the pin rapidly expands and launches a shock through the surrounding gas. Laser pulses were typically 5 ns in duration with ablative energies ranging from 1-150 J. Shocks in ambient gas pressures of similar to 1 kPa were observed at spatial scales of up to 5 cm using optical cameras with schlieren. Emission spectroscopy data were obtained to infer electron temperatures (< 10 eV). In this experiment we have observed a new phenomena; at the edge of the radiatively heated gas ahead of the shock, a second shock forms. The two expanding shocks are simultaneously visible for a time, until the original shock stalls from running into the heated gas. The second shock remains visible and continues to expand. A minimum condition for the formation of the second shock is that the original shock is super-critical, i.e., the temperature distribution ahead of the original shock has an inflexion point. In a non-radiative control experiment the second shock does not form. We hypothesize that a second shock could form in the astrophysical case, possibly in radiative supernova remnants such as SN1993J, or in shock-CSM interaction. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Hansen, JF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hansen46@llnl.gov NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 298 IS 1-2 BP 61 EP 67 DI 10.1007/s10509-005-3912-6 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 934MK UT WOS:000229712700009 ER PT J AU Rosen, PA Wilde, BH Williams, RJR Foster, JM Keiter, PA Coker, RF Perry, TS Taylor, MJ Khokhlov, AM Drake, RP Bennett, GR Sinars, DB Campbell, RB AF Rosen, PA Wilde, BH Williams, RJR Foster, JM Keiter, PA Coker, RF Perry, TS Taylor, MJ Khokhlov, AM Drake, RP Bennett, GR Sinars, DB Campbell, RB TI Recent experimental results and modelling of high-Mach-number jets and the transition to turbulence SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 10-13, 2004 CL Tucson, AZ DE jets; turbulence; laboratory astrophysics; supernovae ID RICHTMYER-MESHKOV INSTABILITIES; INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; PLASMAS; SCHEME AB In recent years, we have carried out experiments at the University of Rochesters Omega laser in which supersonic, dense-plasma jets are formed by the interaction of strong shocks in a complex target assembly (Foster et al., Phys. Plasmas 9 (2002) 2251). We describe recent, significant extensions to this work, in which we consider scaling of the experiment, the transition to turbulence, and astrophysical analogues. In new work at the Omega laser, we are developing an experiment in which a jet is formed by laser ablation of a titanium foil mounted over a titanium washer with a central, cylindrical hole. Some of the resulting shocked titanium expands, cools, and accelerates through the vacuum region (the hole in the washer) and then enters a cylinder of low-density foam as a jet. We discuss the design of this new experiment and present preliminary experimental data and results of simulations using AWE hydrocodes. In each case, the high Reynolds number of the jet suggests that turbulence should develop, although this behaviour cannot be reliably modelled by present, resolution-limited simulations (because of their low-numerical Reynolds number). C1 AWE, Aldermaston, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rosen, PA (reprint author), AWE, Aldermaston, England. EM paula.rosen@awe.co.uk RI Drake, R Paul/I-9218-2012; Williams, Robin/H-1637-2011; Keiter, Paul/J-3037-2013; Perry, Theodore/K-3333-2014 OI Drake, R Paul/0000-0002-5450-9844; Williams, Robin/0000-0002-0486-0580; Perry, Theodore/0000-0002-8832-2033 NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 298 IS 1-2 BP 121 EP 128 DI 10.1007/s10509-005-3921-5 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 934MK UT WOS:000229712700018 ER PT J AU Saumon, D Guillot, T AF Saumon, D Guillot, T TI Astrophysical implications of the recent shocked deuterium experiments SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 10-13, 2004 CL Tucson, AZ DE equation of state; hydrogen; deuterium; Jupiter; Saturn ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; LIQUID DEUTERIUM; SOLID DEUTERIUM; GIANT PLANETS; 120 GPA; COMPRESSION; JUPITER; SATURN; INTERIORS; MBAR AB In the last few years, deuterium has been the focus of a high level of laboratory activity that was sparked by a disagreement on the experimental value of the maximum compression along the Hugoniot. Astrophysically, the uncertainty in the EOS of hydrogen is most consequential in models of the interiors of Jupiter and Saturn since a significant fraction of their mass falls in the region where the EOS uncertainty is largest. We present a study of the range of interior structures allowed by the shock-compression experiments on deuterium and constrained by astrophysical observations of the two planets. We find that the EOS uncertainty must be reduced to less than 3% along the planets isentrope to get good interior models of Jupiter. These models provide values for the mass of a core of heavy elements (other than H and He) and the total mass of heavy elements in these planets. The amount and distribution of heavy elements are quite sensitive to the EOS of hydrogen and constitute important clues to their formation process. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Observ Cote Azur, F-06304 Nice, France. RP Saumon, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, MS F699, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dsaumon@lanl.gov; guillot@obs-nice.fr NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 298 IS 1-2 BP 135 EP 140 DI 10.1007/s10509-005-3923-3 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 934MK UT WOS:000229712700020 ER PT J AU Nellis, WJ AF Nellis, WJ TI Deuterium hugoniot up to 120 GPa (1.2 Mbar) SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 10-13, 2004 CL Tucson, AZ DE deuterium; Hugoniot ID SHOCK COMPRESSION; LIQUID DEUTERIUM; SOLID DEUTERIUM; EQUATION; STATE; PRESSURE; KBAR AB The shock compression curve (Hugoniot) of D-2 has been controversial because the two data sets measured previously with a laser (L) and with pulsed currents (PC) differ substantially. Recently, Hugoniot points of D-2 have been measured at shock pressures of 123, 109, 61, 54, and 28 GPa using hemispherically converging, explosively-driven systems (CS). The CS results are in good agreement with the PC data and the error bars of the CS-PC data are less than half those of the L data. The limiting compression obtained from the best fit to the CS-PC data is 4.30 +/- 0.10 at 100 GPa. The CS-PC data are in good agreement with PIMC and DFT calculations, which is expected to be the case at higher shock temperatures and pressures, as well. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nellis, WJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 298 IS 1-2 BP 141 EP 145 DI 10.1007/s10509-005-3924-2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 934MK UT WOS:000229712700021 ER PT J AU Van Hoof, PAM Foord, ME Heeter, RF Bailey, JE Chung, HK Cuneo, ME Goldstein, WH Jonauskas, V Keenan, FP Kisielius, R Liedahl, DA Ramsbottom, C Rose, SJ Springer, PT Thoe, RS AF Van Hoof, PAM Foord, ME Heeter, RF Bailey, JE Chung, HK Cuneo, ME Goldstein, WH Jonauskas, V Keenan, FP Kisielius, R Liedahl, DA Ramsbottom, C Rose, SJ Springer, PT Thoe, RS TI Modeling X-ray photoionized plasmas produced at the Sandia Z-facility SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 10-13, 2004 CL Tucson, AZ DE photoionization; X-ray; spectroscopy ID TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; IRON AB In experiments at the high-power Z-facility at Sandia National Laboratory in Albuquerque, New Mexico, we have been able to produce a low density photoionized laboratory plasma of Fe mixed with NaF. The conditions in the experiment allow a meaningful comparison with X-ray emission from astrophysical sources. The charge state distributions of Fe, Na and F are determined in this plasma using high resolution X-ray spectroscopy. Independent measurements of the density and radiation flux indicate unprecedented values for the ionization parameter xi = 20-25 erg cm s(-1) under nearly steady-state conditions. First comparisons of the measured charge state distributions with X-ray photoionization models show reasonable agreement, although many questions remain. C1 Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Phys, APS Div, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 37185 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RP Van Hoof, PAM (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Phys, APS Div, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. EM p.van-hoof@qub.ac.uk OI Rose, Steven/0000-0001-6808-6355 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 298 IS 1-2 BP 147 EP 153 DI 10.1007/s10509-005-3925-1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 934MK UT WOS:000229712700022 ER PT J AU Keiter, PA Kyrala, GA Watt, RG Idzorek, GC Peterson, RR Wood, B Adams, P Chrien, RE Peterson, D Wood-Schultz, M AF Keiter, PA Kyrala, GA Watt, RG Idzorek, GC Peterson, RR Wood, B Adams, P Chrien, RE Peterson, D Wood-Schultz, M TI Preliminary results from an astrophysically relevant radiation transfer experiment SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 10-13, 2004 CL Tucson, AZ DE diffusive; radiation transport; astrophysical scaling ID DENSITY FOAM TARGETS; HEATED FOAM; IONIZATION; SHOCK; SN-1987A; WAVES AB The results of a diffusive radiation transport experiment in a simple geometry are presented. The experiment depends primarily on two variables, the target density and the temperature drive, which are characterized well. The experiment is designed to verify and validate radiation transport in codes. The codes can then be used to model astrophysical systems. The results of the experiments are found to be in good agreement with simulation results. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Keiter, PA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM pkeiter@lanl.gov RI Keiter, Paul/J-3037-2013 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 298 IS 1-2 BP 163 EP 170 DI 10.1007/s10509-005-3927-z PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 934MK UT WOS:000229712700024 ER PT J AU Kerr, FM Gouveia, A Lee, RW Patel, PK Renner, O Rose, SJ Scott, HA Wark, JS AF Kerr, FM Gouveia, A Lee, RW Patel, PK Renner, O Rose, SJ Scott, HA Wark, JS TI X-ray line transfer in plasmas with large velocity gradients SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 10-13, 2004 CL Tucson, AZ DE plasmas; radiation transport; high-power lasersplasmas; radiation transport; high-power lasers ID LASER-PRODUCED PLASMAS; CYLINDRICALLY EXPANDING PLASMA; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; SPECTROSCOPY; PROFILES; SIMULATION; RESOLUTION; TARGETS; CODE AB An astrophysically relevant experiment is compared to the output of a multidimensional radiation transfer code in which populations and radiation are self-consistently treated. Experimental Al Ly alpha spectra obtained with a very high-resolution spectrometer are presented as quantitative evidence of dot plasma non-planar expansion. Analysis of these spectra using the code is performed, in particular examining the effects of velocity gradients in directions other than that of the primary expansion. These calculations are found to be in good agreement with the experimental results. Usage of the Ly alpha doublet as a planarity diagnostic is discussed. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, Prague 18211, Czech Republic. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kerr, FM (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. EM fraser.kerr@physics.ox.ac.uk RI Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011; Renner, Oldrich/C-1591-2010; OI Renner, Oldrich/0000-0003-4942-2637; Rose, Steven/0000-0001-6808-6355 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 298 IS 1-2 BP 171 EP 176 DI 10.1007/s10509-005-3928-y PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 934MK UT WOS:000229712700025 ER PT J AU Pound, MW Kane, J Remington, B Ryutov, D Mizuta, A Takabe, H AF Pound, MW Kane, J Remington, B Ryutov, D Mizuta, A Takabe, H TI Eagle Nebula pillars: From models to observations SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 10-13, 2004 CL Tucson, AZ DE Eagle Nebula; radio astronomy; hydrodynamic models; aperture synthesis ID CLOUDS AB Over the past few years, our group has been developing hydrodynamic models to simulate formation of the Eagle Nebula pillars. The true test of any model is, of course, how well it can reproduce the observations. Here, we discuss how we go about testing our models against observations. We describe the process by which we "observe" the model data to create synthetic maps. We show an example of this technique using one of our model runs and compare the resultant synthetic map to the real one. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Osaka, Japan. RP Pound, MW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mpound@umd.edu RI Pound, Marc/A-1600-2010 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 298 IS 1-2 BP 177 EP 181 DI 10.1007/s10509-005-3929-x PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 934MK UT WOS:000229712700026 ER PT J AU Ryutov, DD Kane, JO Mizuta, A Pound, MW Remington, BA AF Ryutov, DD Kane, JO Mizuta, A Pound, MW Remington, BA TI Two models of magnetic support for photoevaporated molecular clouds SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 10-13, 2004 CL Tucson, AZ DE molecular clouds; photoevaporation; MHD turbulence; reconnection ID FIELDS; RECONNECTION; TURBULENCE; DENSITY; M16 AB The thermal pressure inside molecular clouds is insufficient for maintaining the pressure balance at an ablation front at the cloud surface illuminated by nearby UV stars. Most probably, the required stiffness is provided by the magnetic pressure. After surveying existing models of this type, we concentrate on two of them: the model of a quasi-homogeneous magnetic field and the recently proposed model of a "magnetostatic turbulence". We discuss observational consequences of the two models, in particular, the structure and the strength of the magnetic field inside the cloud and in the ionized outflow. We comment on the possible role of reconnection events and their observational signatures. We mention laboratory experiments where the most significant features of the models can be tested. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Osaka, Japan. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ryutov, DD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM ryutov1@llnl.gov RI Pound, Marc/A-1600-2010 NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 298 IS 1-2 BP 183 EP 190 DI 10.1007/s10509-005-3930-4 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 934MK UT WOS:000229712700027 ER PT J AU Mizuta, A Takabe, H Kane, JO Remington, BA Ryutov, DD Pound, MW AF Mizuta, A Takabe, H Kane, JO Remington, BA Ryutov, DD Pound, MW TI Hydrodynamic instability of ionization front in HII regions: From linear to nonlinear evolution SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 10-13, 2004 CL Tucson, AZ DE HII region; molecular cloud; hydrodynamic instability; numerically ID STABILITY AB We investigate hydrodynamic instabilities at an ionization front in a radiatively driven molecular cloud, using two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations, including absorption of UV radiation from OB stars, recombination in HII gas, and radiative molecular cooling. We find a strong stabilization mechanism, if the initial perturbation is small, whereas column like structures can emerge, if the perturbation is large. Recombination plays a key role in the observed stabilization mechanism. When recombination is turned off in the simulations, the stabilization disappears, and the perturbation grows at a growth rate consistent with the classical Rayleigh-Taylor instability. C1 Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Osaka, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mizuta, A (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Osaka, Japan. EM mizuta@yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp RI Pound, Marc/A-1600-2010 NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 298 IS 1-2 BP 197 EP 202 DI 10.1007/s10509-005-3932-2 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 934MK UT WOS:000229712700029 ER PT J AU Ji, HT Kulsrud, R Yamada, M AF Ji, HT Kulsrud, R Yamada, M TI Magnetic reconnection, turbulence, and collisionless shock SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 10-13, 2004 CL Tucson, AZ DE magnetic reconnection; plasma instability; turbulence; collisionless shock; laboratory experiment ID HYBRID-DRIFT INSTABILITY; CURRENT-SHEET; STREAMING INSTABILITY; SWEET-PARKER; PLASMA; SIMULATION; EVOLUTION; DRIVEN AB A short summary of recent progress in measuring and understanding turbulence during magnetic reconnection in laboratory plasmas is given. Magnetic reconnection is considered as a primary process to dissipate magnetic energy in laboratory and astrophysical plasmas. A central question concerns why the observed reconnection rates are much faster than predictions made by classical theories, such as the Sweet-Parker model based on MHD with classical Spitzer resistivity. Often, the local resistivity is conjectured to be enhanced by turbulence to accelerate reconnection rates either in the context of the Sweet-Parker model or by facilitating setup of the Pestchek model. Measurements at a dedicated laboratory experiment, called MRX or Magnetic Reconnection Experiment, have indicated existence of strong electromagnetic turbulence in current sheets undergoing fast reconnection. The origin of the turbulence has been identified as right-hand polarized whistler waves, propagating obliquely to the reconnecting field, with a phase velocity comparable to the relative drift velocity. These waves are consistent with an obliquely propagating electromagnetic lower-hybrid drift instability driven by drift speeds large compared to the Alfven speed in high-beta plasmas. Interestingly, this instability may explain electromagnetic turbulence also observed in collisionless shocks, which are common in energetic astrophysical phenomena. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Ctr Magnet Self Org Lab Astrophys Plasmas, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Ji, HT (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Ctr Magnet Self Org Lab Astrophys Plasmas, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM hji@pppl.gov RI Yamada, Masaaki/D-7824-2015 OI Yamada, Masaaki/0000-0003-4996-1649 NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 298 IS 1-2 BP 219 EP 226 DI 10.1007/s10509-005-3936-y PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 934MK UT WOS:000229712700032 ER PT J AU Remington, BA Cavallo, RM Edwards, MJ Ho, DDM Lasinski, BF Lorenz, KT Lorenzana, HE McNaney, JM Pollaine, SM Smith, RF AF Remington, BA Cavallo, RM Edwards, MJ Ho, DDM Lasinski, BF Lorenz, KT Lorenzana, HE McNaney, JM Pollaine, SM Smith, RF TI Accessing high pressure states relevant to core conditions in the giant planets SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 10-13, 2004 CL Tucson, AZ DE laboratory astrophysics; giant planets; planetary core conditions; isentropic compression; National Ignition Facility ID ISENTROPIC COMPRESSION EXPERIMENTS; TAYLOR INSTABILITY; SOLIDS; DEUTERIUM; INTERIORS; JUPITER AB We have designed an experimental technique to use on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) laser to achieve very high pressure (P-max > 10 Mbar = 1000 GPa), dense states of matter at moderate temperatures (T < 0.5 eV = 6000 K), relevant to the core conditions of the giant planets. A discussion of the conditions in the interiors of the giant planets is given, and an experimental design that can approach those conditions is described. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Remington, BA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI McNaney, James/F-5258-2013 NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 298 IS 1-2 BP 235 EP 240 DI 10.1007/s10509-005-3940-2 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 934MK UT WOS:000229712700034 ER PT J AU Hueckstaedt, RM Batha, SH Balkey, MM Delamater, ND Fincke, JR Holmes, RL Lanier, NE Magelssen, GR Scott, JM Taccetti, JM Horsfield, CJ Parker, KW Rothman, SD AF Hueckstaedt, RM Batha, SH Balkey, MM Delamater, ND Fincke, JR Holmes, RL Lanier, NE Magelssen, GR Scott, JM Taccetti, JM Horsfield, CJ Parker, KW Rothman, SD TI Richtmyer-Meshkov experiments on the Omega laser SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 10-13, 2004 CL Tucson, AZ DE HEDLA; hydrodynamics; instabilities AB Observations of the interstellar medium reveal a dynamic realm permeated by shocks. These shocks are generated on a large range of scales by galactic rotation, supernovae, stellar winds, and other processes. Whenever a shock encounters a density interface, Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities may develop. Perturbations along the interface grow, leading to structure formation and material mixing. An understanding of the evolution of Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities is essential for understanding galactic structure, molecular cloud morphology, and the early stages of star formation. An ongoing experimental campaign studies Richtmyer-Meshkov mixing in a convergent, compressible, miscible plasma at the Omega laser facility. Cylindrical targets, consisting of a low density foam core and an aluminum shell covered by an epoxy ablator, are directly driven by fifty laser beams. The aluminum shell is machined to produce different perturbation spectra. Surface types include unperturbed (smooth), single-mode sinusoids, multi-mode (rough), and multi-mode with particular modes accentuated (specified-rough). Experimental results are compared to theory and numerical simulations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Atom Weap Estab, Aldermaston, England. RP Hueckstaedt, RM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rmhx@lanl.gov NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 298 IS 1-2 BP 255 EP 259 DI 10.1007/s10509-005-3943-z PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 934MK UT WOS:000229712700037 ER PT J AU Kane, JO Mizuta, A Pound, MW Remington, BA Ryutov, DD AF Kane, JO Mizuta, A Pound, MW Remington, BA Ryutov, DD TI Molecular clouds: Observation to experiment SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 10-13, 2004 CL Tucson, AZ ID INSTABILITY; M16 AB Our ongoing investigation of how 'Pillars' and other structure form in molecular clouds irradiated by ultraviolet (UV) stars has revealed that the Rayleigh-Taylor instability is strongly suppressed by recombination in the photoevaporated outflow, that clumps and filaments may be key, that the evolution of structure is well-modeled by compressible hydrodynamics, and that directionality of the UV radiation may have significant effects. We discuss a generic, flexible set of laboratory experiments that can test these results. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kane, JO (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM kane7@unl.gov RI Pound, Marc/A-1600-2010 NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 298 IS 1-2 BP 261 EP 265 DI 10.1007/s10509-005-3944-y PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 934MK UT WOS:000229712700038 ER PT J AU Moon, SJ Wilks, SC Klein, RI Remington, BA Ryutov, DD Mackinnon, AJ Patel, PK Spitkovsky, A AF Moon, SJ Wilks, SC Klein, RI Remington, BA Ryutov, DD Mackinnon, AJ Patel, PK Spitkovsky, A TI A Neutron Star atmosphere in the laboratory with petawatt lasers SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 10-13, 2004 CL Tucson, AZ DE petawatt laser; neutron star atmosphere ID PHOTON BUBBLE OSCILLATIONS; ASTROPHYSICAL PHENOMENA; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; INTENSE LASERS; TURBULENCE AB We discuss the preliminary estimates to create Neutron Star atmospheric conditions in the laboratory and the possibility of generating photon bubbles. The minimal requirements for photon-bubble instability could potentially be met with a properly configured 10 ps petawatt laser experiment. The high energy (multi-MeV) electrons generated by an ultra-intense laser interacting with a foil are coupled to the electrons in the solid to heat the entire solid generating high thermal temperatures. Small amounts of matter could potentially be heated to similar to 1 keV temperatures with large radiation temperature. Additionally, 2-D PIC simulations show large B-fields on both the front and back of these targets with B fields consistent with experiments using the petawatt at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (Tatarakis, M. et al.: 2002c, Nature 415, 280). C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA USA. RP Moon, SJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM moonl@lln1.gov RI Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014 OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906 NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 298 IS 1-2 BP 293 EP 298 DI 10.1007/s10509-005-3949-6 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 934MK UT WOS:000229712700043 ER PT J AU Le Pape, S Koenig, M Vinci, T Martinolli, E Hicks, D Mackinnon, A Patel, P Borghesi, M Romagnani, L Boehly, T AF Le Pape, S Koenig, M Vinci, T Martinolli, E Hicks, D Mackinnon, A Patel, P Borghesi, M Romagnani, L Boehly, T TI Novel diagnostic of shock fronts in low-Z dense plasmas SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 10-13, 2004 CL Tucson, AZ DE laser driven shocks; proton radiography; shortpulses AB We performed an experiment using high-energy protons to characterize in situ the spatial and temporal evolution of a laser-driven shock propagating through a low-Z material. Radiography of the shock propagating through the low-Z transparent material (Lexan, quartz, diamond) enabled estimation of density under compression. In order to discriminate the influence of the shocked matter on the protons trajectory, a Monte-Carlo simulation was developed. This code describes the protons trajectory through the matter, calculating the scattering angle and the loss of energy. C1 Ecole Polytech, LULI, UMR7605, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Queens Univ Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Le Pape, S (reprint author), Ecole Polytech, LULI, UMR7605, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. EM sebastien.lepape@polytechnique.fr RI Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011; Koenig, Michel/A-2167-2012; Borghesi, Marco/K-2974-2012; Hicks, Damien/B-5042-2015; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014 OI Hicks, Damien/0000-0001-8322-9983; MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 298 IS 1-2 BP 313 EP 316 DI 10.1007/s10509-005-3959-4 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 934MK UT WOS:000229712700046 ER PT J AU Taccetti, JM Batha, SH Fincke, JR Delamater, ND Lanier, NE Magelssen, GR Hueckstaedt, RM Rothman, SD Horsfield, CJ Parker, KW AF Taccetti, JM Batha, SH Fincke, JR Delamater, ND Lanier, NE Magelssen, GR Hueckstaedt, RM Rothman, SD Horsfield, CJ Parker, KW TI Richtmyer-Meshkov instability reshock experiments using laser-driven double-cylinder implosions SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 10-13, 2004 CL Tucson, AZ DE Richtmyer-Meshkov; cylindrical implosion; experiment; simulation ID CONVERGENT; PLASMA; SIMULATION; GEOMETRY; SYSTEM; MIX AB As a shock travels through the interface between substances of different densities, existing perturbations can grow via the Richtmyer-Meshkov (RM) instability. The study of the RM instability in a convergent geometry leads to a better understanding of implosions applicable to inertial confinement fusion and various astrophysical events, such as core-collapse supernovae. We present results of laser-driven double-cylinder implosions performed at the Omega laser facility with an emphasis on sending a second shock through an already shocked RM unstable interface. The uniform reshock of a cylindrical interface is achieved by inserting a second cylinder inside the first that reflects the inwardly traveling shock and causes it to interact a second time with the unstable interface. We present an analysis of the instability growth as a function of shock strength and zero-order perturbation behavior during reshock. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Atom Weap Estab Plc, Aldermaston, England. RP Taccetti, JM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM taccetti@lanl.gov NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 298 IS 1-2 BP 327 EP 331 DI 10.1007/s10509-005-3963-8 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 934MK UT WOS:000229712700049 ER PT J AU Weirs, G Dwarkadas, V Plewa, T Tomkins, C Marr-Lyon, M AF Weirs, G Dwarkadas, V Plewa, T Tomkins, C Marr-Lyon, M TI Validating the flash code: Vortex-dominated flows SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 10-13, 2004 CL Tucson, AZ DE Richtmyer-Meshkov instability; numerical simulation ID GAS-CYLINDERS; DYNAMICS AB As a component of the Flash Center's validation program, we compare FLASH simulation results with experimental results from Los Alamos National Laboratory. The flow of interest involves the lateral interaction between a planar M-a = 1.2 shock wave with a cylinder of gaseous sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) in air, and in particular the development of primary and secondary instabilities after the passage of the shock. While the overall evolution of the flow is comparable in the simulations and experiments, small-scale features are difficult to match. We focus on the sensitivity of numerical results to simulation parameters. C1 Univ Chicago, ASCI FLASH Ctr, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Weirs, G (reprint author), Univ Chicago, ASCI FLASH Ctr, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM weirs@flash.uchicago.edu RI Plewa, Tomasz/C-1470-2010 OI Plewa, Tomasz/0000-0002-1762-2565 NR 9 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 298 IS 1-2 BP 341 EP 346 DI 10.1007/s10509-005-3966-5 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 934MK UT WOS:000229712700052 ER PT J AU Wilks, SC Chen, H Liang, E Patel, P Price, D Remington, B Shepherd, R Tabak, M Kruer, WL AF Wilks, SC Chen, H Liang, E Patel, P Price, D Remington, B Shepherd, R Tabak, M Kruer, WL TI Electron-positron plasmas created by ultra-intense laser pulses interacting with solid targets SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 10-13, 2004 CL Tucson, AZ DE positron plasma; ultra-intense lasers; laboratory astrophysics ID ULTRAINTENSE LASERS; ABSORPTION AB We discuss the necessary requirements to create dense electron-positron plasmas in the laboratory and the possibility of using them to investigate certain aspects of various astrophysical phenomena, such as gamma ray burst engines. Earth-based electron-positron plasmas are created during the interaction of ultra-intense laser pulses impinging on a solid density target. The fact that positrons can be generated during this interaction has already been demonstrated by Cowan et al. ( 2000). However, several questions concerning the number, energy, and dynamics of these positrons have yet to be answered. Through insight gathered from PIC simulations, we postulate that the e(+)e(-) plasma leaves the creation region in dense jets, with relativistic energies. In order to estimate the number density of the positrons created, we begin by first experimentally measuring the hot electron temperatures and densities of such interactions using a compact electron spectrometer. Once the electron distribution is known, the positron creation rate, Gamma, can be estimated. This same experimental diagnostic can also, with minor modification, measure the energy distribution of positrons. Initial estimates are that, with proper target and laser configurations, we could potentially create one of the densest arraignments of positrons ever assembled on earth. This experimental configuration would only last for a few femtoseconds, but would eventually evolve into astrophysically relevant pure electron-positron jets, possibly relevant to e(+)e(-) outflow from black holes. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wilks, SC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-473, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM wilks1@llnl.gov RI Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011 NR 14 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 298 IS 1-2 BP 347 EP 355 DI 10.1007/s10509-005-3967-4 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 934MK UT WOS:000229712700053 ER PT J AU Calvert, JG Lindberg, SE AF Calvert, JG Lindberg, SE TI Mechanisms of mercury removal by O-3 and OH in the atmosphere SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE mechanism of atmospheric reactions of Hg; O-3 reaction with atmospheric Hg; OH reaction with atmospheric Hg ID GAS-PHASE REACTION; INITIATED REACTIONS; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; GASEOUS MERCURY; OXIDATION; KINETICS; PRODUCT; OZONE; CHEMISTRY; HG-0 AB The mechanisms of the reactions of gaseous Hg atoms with O-3 and OH radical are evaluated from current kinetic and enthalpy data. The reaction, O-3 + Hg -> HgO + O-2, is considered to be an unlikely pathway for atmospheric conditions. Considerations given here suggest that the reaction may occur with initial formation of a metastable HgO3 molecule that in laboratory experiments is the source of the HgO product observed to accumulate on the walls of the reactor (HgO3 -> HgO(s) + O-2). Laboratory studies of the gas phase reaction, Hg + OH -> HgOH (2), have been reported using relative rate measurements initiated by photodissociation of an organic nitrite in mixtures of Hg vapor with NO, air and various reference hydrocarbons. Computer simulations of this reaction system suggest that the use of reactive reference gases (e.g., cyclohexane) leads to the generation of significant ozone in these NOx-RH-air mixtures, and the resulting O-3-Hg reaction can result in an over-estimate of the rate of reaction (2). Also the apparent rate coefficients for reaction (2) are highly dependent on the assumed rate coefficients of its competitive reactions of dissociation in HgOH -> Hg + OH (3), and association of HgOH molecule with other free radicals present in the system: HgOH + X -> XHgOH (4); X= OH, HO2, RO, RO2, NO, NO2. Reaction (4) competes successfully with HgOH decomposition for the laboratory conditions employed, and the kinetic measurements relate to the rate determining reaction, Hg + OH -> HgOH in this case. However, the use of these laboratory measurements of k(2) to determine the extent of Hg removal by OH in the troposphere will greatly over-estimate the importance of Hg removal by this reaction. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Calvert, JG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM calvertj@ornl.gov; lindbergse@ornl.gov NR 18 TC 128 Z9 135 U1 7 U2 41 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 39 IS 18 BP 3355 EP 3367 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.01.055 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 940DX UT WOS:000230125000016 ER PT J AU Berkowitz, CM Spicer, CW Doskey, PV AF Berkowitz, CM Spicer, CW Doskey, PV TI Hydrocarbon observations and ozone production rates in Western Houston during the Texas 2000 Air Quality Study SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ozone; ozone production efficiency; Houston; box-model; hydrocarbons; Williams Tower; Texas 2000 Air Quality Study ID EMISSIONS; NOX AB Measurements of total non-methane hydrocarbon in whole air canisters collected from the top of a skyscraper on the western edge of Houston, Texas are summarized with an emphasis on samples collected during the passage of plumes of O-3 and the associated rapid increase in the mixing ratio of this species. The back-trajectories associated with these events showed a pronounced deceleration of air parcels over central and western Houston and were not necessarily associated with direct passage over the petrochemical plants located in the heavily industrialized eastern part of Houston. As a result of the time these air parcels spent over the central and western parts of Houston, their VOC mix and associated chemical production rates were expected to differ from similar observations made over eastern Houston from aircraft sampling at low altitudes. Although periods of high O-3 in the western part of the city were closely associated with light alkenes, these same observations show isoprene to make a significant contribution to the total VOC reactivity in the early afternoon (the start,of peak photochemical activity) in contrast to observations made east of our sampling site that found the reactivity to be dominated by anthropogenic species. By initializing a 0-dimensional chemical kinetic model with observations made at the Williams Tower, we find that the ozone production efficiency scaled linearly to the ratio of total hydrocarbons and NOx, with an average OPE of 7.2, ranging from 2.3 to 16.9; these values are smaller than those reported in eastern Houston, suggesting a strong gradient in photochemical productivity across the city. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Battelle Sci & Technol Int, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Berkowitz, CM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MSIN K9-30,PO 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 14 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 39 IS 19 BP 3383 EP 3396 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.12.007 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 946QS UT WOS:000230587900001 ER PT J AU Springston, SR Kleinman, LI Brechtel, F Lee, YN Nunnermacker, LJ Wang, J AF Springston, SR Kleinman, LI Brechtel, F Lee, YN Nunnermacker, LJ Wang, J TI Chemical evolution of an isolated power plant plume during the TexAQS 2000 study SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE power-plant plume; Texas 2000 Air Quality Study; aerosol growth; airborne measurements ID OZONE FORMATION; PARTICLE GROWTH; URBAN; LIFETIMES; CHEMISTRY; SULFUR AB Stack emissions from a coal-burning power plant were measured during a research flight of the DOE G-I during the Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS 2000) on 10 September 2000. Clean upstream air and an isolated location allowed the plume to be unambiguously sampled during 12 successive downwind transects to a distance of 63 km-corresponding to a processing time of 4.6 h. The chemical transformation rates of sulfur and nitrogen primary pollutants into aerosol SO42- and HNO3 yield independent values of OH concentration (8.0 and 11 x 10(6) cm(-3), respectively) that are consistent within experimental uncertainty and qualitatively agree with constrained steady-state (CSS) box model calculations. Ozone production efficiency increases with plume age as expected. Primary aerosol emissions with D-P > 5 mu m were sampled near the stack. As the plume ages, aerosol size distributions adjusted for dilution show constant number concentrations of aerosols D-P > 10 nm and a marked increase in accumulation-mode particles (D-P > 0.1 mu m) as gas-to-particle-conversion causes smaller particles to grow. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Springston, SR (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Wang, Jian/G-9344-2011 NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 39 IS 19 BP 3431 EP 3443 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.01.060 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 946QS UT WOS:000230587900005 ER PT J AU Chan, WYR Nazaroff, WW Price, PN Sohn, MD Gadgil, AJ AF Chan, WYR Nazaroff, WW Price, PN Sohn, MD Gadgil, AJ TI Analyzing a database of residential air leakage in the United States SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE air leakage; blower door; fan pressurization measurements; infiltration ID EXCHANGE-RATES AB We analyzed more than 70,000 air leakage measurements in houses across the United States to relate leakage area-the effective size of all penetrations of the building shell-to readily available building characteristics such as building size, year built, geographic region, and various construction characteristics. After adjusting for the lack of statistical representativeness of the data, we found that the distribution of leakage area normalized by floor area is approximately lognormal. Based on a classification tree analysis, year built and floor area are the two most significant predictors of leakage area: older and smaller houses tend to have higher normalized leakage areas than newer and larger ones. Multivariate regressions of normalized leakage are presented with respect to these two factors for three house classifications: low-income households, energy program houses, and conventional houses. We demonstrate a method of applying the regression model to housing characteristics from the American Housing Survey to derive a leakage-area distribution for all single-family houses in the US. The air exchange rates implied by these estimates agree reasonably well with published measurements. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chan, WYR (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Mailstop 90R3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wchan@lbl.gov RI Nazaroff, William/C-4106-2008; OI Nazaroff, William/0000-0001-5645-3357; Gadgil, Ashok/0000-0002-0357-9455 NR 18 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 39 IS 19 BP 3445 EP 3455 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.01.062 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 946QS UT WOS:000230587900006 ER PT J AU Stepanauskas, R Moran, MA Bergamasch, BA Hollibaugh, JT AF Stepanauskas, R Moran, MA Bergamasch, BA Hollibaugh, JT TI Sources, bioavailabitity, and photoreactivity of dissolved organic carbon in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bacterioplankton; dissolved organic carbon; DOC bioavailability; photodegradation; Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta; San Francisco Bay; solar radiation ID BACTERIAL-GROWTH; FRANCISCO BAY; MARINE BACTERIOPLANKTON; UV-RADIATION; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; SEA-WATER; MATTER; SYSTEM; TRANSFORMATION; CONSUMPTION AB We analyzed bioavailability, photoreactivity, fluorescence, and isotopic composition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) collected at 13 stations in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta during various seasons to estimate the persistence of DOC from diverse shallow water habitat sources. Prospective large-scale wetland restorations in the Delta may change the amount of DOC available to the food web as well as change the quality of Delta water exported for municipal use. Our study indicates that DOC contributed by Delta sources is relatively refractory and likely mostly the dissolved remnants of vascular plant material from degrading soils and tidal marshes rather than phytoplankton production. Therefore, the prospective conversion of agricultural land into submerged, phytoplankton-dominated habitats may reduce the undesired export of DOC from the Delta to municipal users. A median of 10% of Delta DOC was rapidly utilizable by bacterioplankton. A moderate dose of simulated solar radiation (286 W m(-2) for 4 h) decreased the DOC bioavailability by an average of 40%, with a larger relative decrease in samples with higher initial DOC bioavailability. Potentially, a DOC-based microbial food web could support <= 0.6 x 10(9) g C of protist production in the Delta annually, compared to approximate to 17 x 10(9) g C phytoplankton primary production. Thus, DOC utilization via the microbial food web is unlikely to play an important role in the nutrition of Delta zooplankton and fish, and the possible decrease in DOC concentration due to wetland restoration is unlikely to have a direct effect on Delta fish productivity. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Stepanauskas, R (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM ramunas@uga.edu RI Moran, Mary Ann/B-6939-2012; OI Stepanauskas, Ramunas/0000-0003-4458-3108 NR 44 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD JUN PY 2005 VL 74 IS 2 BP 131 EP 149 DI 10.1007/s10533-004-3361-2 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 964UU UT WOS:000231907300001 ER PT J AU Kunin, V Teichmann, SA Huynen, MA Ouzounis, CA AF Kunin, V Teichmann, SA Huynen, MA Ouzounis, CA TI The properties of protein family space depend on experimental design SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE GENOMES; SEQUENCE SPACE; DATABASE; EVOLUTION; CLASSIFICATION; VIRULENCE; PRODOM AB Motivation: Databases of protein families often exhibit drastically different properties of the protein family space. Results: We compared the properties of protein family space as reflected by exhaustive protein family databases and databases with predefined families. We used TRIBES, Protomap, ProDom and COGs as representatives of the exhaustive databases, and Pfam-A and Superfamily as databases that predefine families. We observe a power-law distribution of family sizes in all these databases, albeit in predefined databases the power-law line collapses before reaching smaller sized families. We discuss the future trends of this power-law distribution and suggest that saturation in the sampling of protein family space will result in a distortion of the power law in small family sizes. For larger genome sizes, predefined databases show logarithmic growth of the number of families per genome, whereas exhaustive databases exhibit a virtually linear relationship. All databases consistently differ in the proportion of protein families shared between taxa. Predefined databases have a larger number of protein families shared between the three domains of life, while exhaustive databases show a much more fragmented distribution. We argue that these discrepancies reflect alternative approaches to the trade-off issue of sensitivity versus specificity in the detection of homologous proteins. We conclude that these properties are complementary rather than contradictory, while describing the protein universe from different perspectives. C1 European Bioinformat Inst, EMBL Cambridge Outstn, Computat Genom Grp, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England. MRC, Mol Biol Lab, Cambridge CB2 2QH, England. Univ Nijmegen, Ctr Mol & Biomol Informat, Nijmegen Ctr Mol Life Sci, Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Kunin, V (reprint author), DOE Joint Genome Inst, 2800 Mitchell Dr, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM vkunin@lbl.gov RI Huynen, Martijn/A-1530-2014; Ouzounis, Christos/G-2302-2010; OI Teichmann, Sarah/0000-0002-6294-6366 NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 11 BP 2618 EP 2622 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/bti386 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 930UB UT WOS:000229441500007 PM 15769834 ER PT J AU Emonet, T Macal, CM North, MJ Wickersham, CE Cluzel, P AF Emonet, T Macal, CM North, MJ Wickersham, CE Cluzel, P TI AgentCell: a digital single-cell assay for bacterial chemotaxis SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID SOFTWARE ENVIRONMENT; SIMULATION; MODEL; POPULATIONS AB Motivation: In recent years, single-cell biology has focused on the relationship between the stochastic nature of molecular interactions and variability of cellular behavior. To describe this relationship, it is necessary to develop new computational approaches at the single-cell level. Results: We have developed AgentCell, a model using agent-based technology to study the relationship between stochastic intracellular processes and behavior of individual cells. As a test-bed for our approach we use bacterial chemotaxis, one of the best characterized biological systems. In this model, each bacterium is an agent equipped with its own chemotaxis network, motors and flagella. Swimming cells are free to move in a 3D environment. Digital chemotaxis assays reproduce experimental data obtained from both single cells and bacterial populations. C1 Univ Chicago, Inst Biophys Dynam, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Complex Adapt Agent Syst Simulat, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Emonet, T (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Inst Biophys Dynam, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM emonet@uchicago.edu NR 38 TC 71 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 11 BP 2714 EP 2721 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/bti391 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 930UB UT WOS:000229441500020 PM 15774553 ER PT J AU Yu, CG Zavaljevski, N Stevens, FJ Yackovich, K Reifman, J AF Yu, CG Zavaljevski, N Stevens, FJ Yackovich, K Reifman, J TI Classifying noisy protein sequence data: a case study of immunoglobulin light chains SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology CY JUN 25-29, 2005 CL Detroit, MI SP Int Soc Computat Biol ID FIBRIL FORMATION; AMYLOID FIBRIL; PREDICTION; CLASSIFICATION AB The classification of protein sequences obtained from patients with various immunoglobulin-related conformational diseases may provide insight into structural correlates of pathogenicity. However, clinical data are very sparse and, in the case of antibody-related proteins, the collected sequences have large variability with only a small subset of variations relevant to the protein pathogenicity ( function). On this basis, these sequences represent a model system for development of strategies to recognize the small subset of function-determining variations among the much larger number of primary structure diversifications introduced during evolution. Under such conditions, most protein classification algorithms have limited accuracy. To address this problem, we propose a support vector machine (SVM)-based classifier that combines sequence and 3D structural averaging information. Each amino acid in the sequence is represented by a set of six physicochemical properties: hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, volume, surface area, bulkiness and refractivity. Each position in the sequence is described by the properties of the amino acid at that position and the properties of its neighbors in 3D space or in the sequence. A structure template is selected to determine neighbors in 3D space and a window size is used to determine the neighbors in the sequence. The test data consist of 209 proteins of human antibody immunoglobulin light chains, each represented by aligned sequences of 120 amino acids. The methodology is applied to the classification of protein sequences collected from patients with and without amyloidosis, and indicates that the proposed modified classifiers are more robust to sequence variability than standard SVM classifiers, improving classification error between 5 and 25% and sensitivity between 9 and 17%. The classification results might also suggest possible mechanisms for the propensity of immunoglobulin light chains to amyloid formation. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Clarion Univ Pennsylvania, Dept Comp Informat Sci, Clarion, PA 16214 USA. USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Yu, CG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM cyu@bioanalysis.org FU NIA NIH HHS [AG18001]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK43957] NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD JUN PY 2005 VL 21 SU 1 BP I495 EP I501 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/bti1024 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 942HH UT WOS:000230273000056 PM 15961496 ER PT J AU Volkow, ND Wang, GJ Fowler, JS Ding, YS AF Volkow, ND Wang, GJ Fowler, JS Ding, YS TI Imaging the effect of methylphenidate on brain dopamine: New model on its therapeutic actions for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advancing the Neuroscience of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) CY FEB 28, 2004 CL Boston, MA DE methylphenidate; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; dopamine; dopamine transporter; saliency ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS; THREO-METHYLPHENIDATE; STIMULANT MEDICATION; INCENTIVE SALIENCE; TRANSPORTER GENE; CHILDREN; ASSOCIATION; ADHD; POLYMORPHISM AB Methylphenidate hydrochloride (MP) is an effective treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a common neurobehavioral disorder of childhood onset characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and distractibility. Methylphenidate hydrochloride blocks the dopamine transporters (DAT), the main mechanism for removing dopamine (DA) from the synapse, is believed to be involved in its therapeutic properties. However, the mechanism(s) by which increases in DA improve symptomatology in ADHD are not completely understood. Our studies of the dopaminergic of effects of MP in the human brain using positron emission tomography (PET) have shown that MP blocks DAT, and that extracellular DA increases in proportion to the level of blockade and the rate of DA release (modulated by DA cell firing). These DA increases are greater when MP is given concomitantly with a salient effects. Additionally, MP stimulus than with a neutral stimulus, documenting the context dependency of MP MP-induced increases in DA are due in part to its are associated with an enhanced perception of the stimulus as salient. We postulate the MPs therapeutic of ability to enhance the magnitude of DA increases induced by stimuli that by themselves generate weak responses, enhancing their saliency and the attention and interest they elicit. We postulate that these effects would improve school performance. C1 NIDA, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Volkow, ND (reprint author), NIDA, NIAAA, NIH, 6001 Execut Blvd,Suite 5274,Mail Drop Code 9581, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM nvolkow@nida.nih.gov NR 56 TC 181 Z9 188 U1 6 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0006-3223 J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT JI Biol. Psychiatry PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 57 IS 11 BP 1410 EP 1415 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.006 PG 6 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 932RH UT WOS:000229570500026 PM 15950015 ER PT J AU Kinney, JH Nalla, RK Pople, JA Breunig, TM Ritchie, RO AF Kinney, JH Nalla, RK Pople, JA Breunig, TM Ritchie, RO TI Age-related transparent root dentin: mineral concentration, crystallite size, and mechanical properties SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE dentin; aging; transparent; sclerotic; fracture; fatigue ID RESONANT ULTRASOUND SPECTROSCOPY; X-RAY-SCATTERING; VITRO FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; TOUGHENING MECHANISMS; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; CARIOUS DENTIN; ELASTIC-MODULI; HUMAN TEETH; BONE AB Many fractures occur in teeth that have been altered, for example restored or endodontically repaired. It is therefore essential to evaluate the structure and mechanical properties of these altered dentins. One such altered form of dentin is transparent (sometimes called sclerotic) dentin, which forms gradually with aging. The present study focuses on differences in the structure and mechanical properties of normal versus transparent dentin. The mineral concentration, as measured by X-ray computed microtomography, was significantly higher in transparent dentin, the elevated concentration being consistent with the closure of the tubule lumens. Crystallite size, as measured by small angle X-ray scattering, was slightly smaller in transparent dentin, although the importance of this finding requires further study. The elastic properties were unchanged by transparency; however, transparent dentin, unlike normal dentin, exhibited almost no yielding before failure. In addition, the fracture toughness was lowered by roughly 20% while the fatigue lifetime was deleteriously affected at high stress levels. These results are discussed in terms of the altered microstructure of transparent dentin. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, UCB Joint Grad Grp Bioengn, UCSF, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, UCB Joint Grad Grp Bioengn, Dept Mech Engn, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Coating Pl Inc, Verona, WI 53593 USA. RP Kinney, JH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, UCB Joint Grad Grp Bioengn, UCSF, 7000 E Ave,L-333,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM jkinney@itsa.ucsf.edu RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [P01DE09859] NR 51 TC 98 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD JUN PY 2005 VL 26 IS 16 BP 3363 EP 3376 DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.09.004 PG 14 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 892UM UT WOS:000226675500059 PM 15603832 ER PT J AU Yao, XC Foust, A Rector, DM Barrowes, B George, JS AF Yao, XC Foust, A Rector, DM Barrowes, B George, JS TI Cross-polarized reflected light measurement of fast optical responses associated with neural activation SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING CHANGES; NERVE EXCITATION; IN-VIVO; BIREFRINGENCE; TRANSMISSION; STIMULATION; POTENTIALS; PROTEINS; IMAGE AB We developed an optical probe for cross-polarized reflected light measurements and investigated optical signals associated with electrophysiological activation in isolated lobster nerves. The cross-polarized baseline light intensity (structural signal) and the amplitude of the transient response to stimulation (functional signal) measured in reflected mode were dependent on the orientation of the nerve axis relative to the polarization plane of incident light. The maximum structural signal and functional response amplitude were observed at 45 degrees, and the ratio of functional to structural signals was approximately constant across orientations. Functional responses were measured in single trials in both transmitted and reflected geometries and responses had similar waveforms. Both structural and functional signals were an order of magnitude smaller in reflected than in transmitted light measurements, but functional responses had similar signal/noise ratios. We propose a theoretical model based on geometrical optics that is consistent with experimental results. In the model, the cross-polarized structural signal results from light reflection from axonal fibers and the transient functional response arises from axonal swelling associated with neural activation. Polarization-sensitive reflected light measurements could greatly enhance in vivo imaging of neural activation since cross-polarized responses are much larger than scattering signals now employed for dynamic functional neuroimaging. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet & Comparat Anat Pharmacol & Physiol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP George, JS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS-D454, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jsg@lanl.gov FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH60263] NR 31 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 11 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 6 BP 4170 EP 4177 DI 10.1529/biophysj.104.052506 PG 8 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 931RO UT WOS:000229503000044 PM 15805175 ER PT J AU Short, KW Carpenter, S Freyer, JP Mourant, JR AF Short, KW Carpenter, S Freyer, JP Mourant, JR TI Raman spectroscopy detects biochemical changes due to proliferation in mammalian cell cultures SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM RAMAN; IN-VIVO DETECTION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; TISSUE; BREAST; CLASSIFICATION; SPECTRA; CYCLE; SKIN AB Raman spectra of cells and nuclei from cultures in the plateau (nonproliferating) and exponential (proliferating) phases of growth were measured and show that Raman spectroscopy can monitor changes due to cell proliferation. A simple fitting routine was developed using a basis set (lipid, protein, DNA, RNA) to estimate the relative amounts of biochemical components in cells and nuclei. Using relative amounts and ratios of biochemical components, reproducible differences can be detected and quantified that are not readily apparent by visual analysis of vibrational bands in the spectra. These differences, due to cell proliferation, can be assigned to specific biochemical changes. They include a decrease in the relative lipid and increases in the relative protein and RNA for both nontumorigenic exponential cells and nuclei, and an increase in the relative RNA for tumorigenic exponential cells. The lipid/RNA ratio decreases for nontumorigenic exponential cells and nuclei and tumorigenic exponential cells. The protein/lipid ratio increases for both tumorigenic and nontumorigenic exponential cells and nuclei. Finally, the lipid/DNA ratio decreases for tumorigenic exponential nuclei. This knowledge will be important for Raman detection of rapidly dividing populations of cancer cells in vivo. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Short, KW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, MS E535, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kshort@lanl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA089255, R01 CA071898, R01 CA089255]; NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR001315, RR01315] NR 53 TC 139 Z9 141 U1 4 U2 34 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 6 BP 4274 EP 4288 DI 10.1529/biophysj.103.038604 PG 15 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 931RO UT WOS:000229503000054 PM 15764662 ER PT J AU Harrouk, WA Wheeler, KE Kimmel, GL Hogan, KA Kimmel, CA AF Harrouk, WA Wheeler, KE Kimmel, GL Hogan, KA Kimmel, CA TI Effects of hyperthermia development and boric acid on skeletal in rat embryos SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART B-DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hyperthermia; boric acid; skeleton; segmentation defects; combination exposure; rat; development ID GENE-EXPRESSION DOMAINS; CERVICAL-VERTEBRAE; HEAT EXPOSURE; IN-VITRO; MICE; TRANSFORMATIONS; TERATOGENICITY; TOXICITY; DEFECTS; SHIFTS AB BACKGROUND: The individual effects of boric acid (BA) and hyperthermia on the development of the axial skeleton have been reported previously. Both cause an increased incidence of axial skeletal defects including a decrease in the total number of ribs and vertebrae. Because of the similarity in the effects of the two agents, we examined their interaction when given in combination to pregnant rats on gestational day (GD) 10. METHODS: Dams were treated on GD 10 with BA (0, 250, or 500 mg/kg) and hyperthermia (37, 41, or 42 degrees C) and allowed to deliver their pups. Doses of BA were based on results from a close-finding study. Litters were evaluated on postnatal days (PND) 1 and 3 for number, gender, and weight of pups. On PND3, pups were examined externally and viscerally, and double-stained for skeletal evaluation. RESULTS: A dose-dependent, statistically significant increase in fetal skeletal defects was seen on PND 3 with BA or hyperthermia alone with even greater effects when given in combination. Defects included rib and vertebral fusions, split vertebral centra in the thoracic and lumbar areas, and a decrease in the total number of ribs and vertebrae. CONCLUSIONS: The increased incidence of skeletal defects resulting from combined exposure to hyperthermia and BA was additive for segmentation defects and synergistic for the reduction in numbers of vertebrae. Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 US FDA, Div Reprod & Urol Drug Prod, CDER, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Engn, Oak Ridge, TN USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Harrouk, WA (reprint author), US FDA, Div Reprod & Urol Drug Prod, CDER, 5600 Fishers Lane,17B-45,Mail Stop HFD-580, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. EM harroukw@cder.fda.gov NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-9733 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES B JI Birth Defects Res. Part B-Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 74 IS 3 BP 268 EP 276 DI 10.1002/bdrb.20047 PG 9 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 942BF UT WOS:000230257200007 PM 15954087 ER PT J AU Denk, E Walczyk, T Hillegonds, DJ Vogel, J Synal, H Geppert, C Wendt, K Cashman, K Harrington, M Hauselmann, H Fattinger, K Hurrell, RF AF Denk, E Walczyk, T Hillegonds, DJ Vogel, J Synal, H Geppert, C Wendt, K Cashman, K Harrington, M Hauselmann, H Fattinger, K Hurrell, RF TI Evaluation of CA-41 as a new isotopic tool to assess the impact of interventions on bone health SO BONE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd Joint Meeting of the European-Calcified-Tissue-Society/International-Bone-and-Mineral-Society CY JUN 25-29, 2005 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND SP European Calcified Tissue Soc, Int Bone & Mineral Soc, Eli Lilly, Elsevier, Merck, Novartis, Nycomed, Roche & GlaxoSmithKline, Servier, Alliance Better Bone Hlth C1 Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Food Sci & Nutr, Zurich, Switzerland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Lab Particle Phys, Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Cork, Ireland. Klin Park, Ctr Rheumatol & Bone Dis, Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Zurich Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Zurich, Switzerland. RI Wendt, Klaus/D-7306-2011 OI Wendt, Klaus/0000-0002-9033-9336 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD JUN PY 2005 VL 36 SU 2 BP S341 EP S341 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 938DK UT WOS:000229979900524 ER PT J AU Di Jorio, SL van der Meulen, MCH Kinney, JH Ryaby, JT AF Di Jorio, SL van der Meulen, MCH Kinney, JH Ryaby, JT TI Mineralization vector quantifies differences in fracture callus due to loading SO BONE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd Joint Meeting of the European-Calcified-Tissue-Society/International-Bone-and-Mineral-Society CY JUN 25-29, 2005 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND SP European Calcified Tissue Soc, Int Bone & Mineral Soc, Eli Lilly, Elsevier, Merck, Novartis, Nycomed, Roche & GlaxoSmithKline, Servier, Alliance Better Bone Hlth C1 Arizona State Univ, Harrington Dept Bioengn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. OrthoLog Corp, Res & Dev, Tempe, AZ USA. RI van der Meulen, Marjolein/D-1549-2010 OI van der Meulen, Marjolein/0000-0001-6637-9808 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD JUN PY 2005 VL 36 SU 2 BP S196 EP S196 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 938DK UT WOS:000229979900204 ER PT J AU Dolenc, D Dreger, D Larsen, S AF Dolenc, D Dreger, D Larsen, S TI Basin structure influences on the propagation of teleseismic waves in the Santa Clara Valley, California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE; SALT-LAKE BASIN; SITE RESPONSE; SIMULATION; EQUATIONS; VELOCITY AB We have investigated ground-motion amplification in the Santa Clara Valley (SCV) using teleseismic P waves observed during the 1998 deployment of 41 short-period seismometers. The Santa Clara Valley Seismic Experiment (SCVSE) (Lindh et al., 1999; Fletcher et al., 2003) recorded many local and regional earthquakes and seven large (M-w > 6.4) teleseisms. Measured teleseismic P-wave arrival-time delays, relative P-wave amplification, and P-wave energy were used in the analysis. The relative P-wave amplification is found to correlate strongly with the arrival-time delays. In addition, the P-wave energy is found to correlate with the observed teleseismic delays. We also compared observed P-wave arrival-time delays and P-wave amplification with synthetics computed by using 3D finite-difference. simulations of the teleseismic wave field to model these parameters using both the University of California, Berkeley (UCB) (Stidham et al., 1999; Stidham, 1999) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) (Brocher et al., 1997; Jachens et al., 1997) 3D velocity models. The results indicate that arrival-time delays on the order of +/- 0.25 sec correlate strongly with the reported basin depths in the two models. We find that the correlation between the arrival-time delays and basin depth is strongest for the USGS model. However, the UCB velocity model yields wave amplification that better matches the data. The finite-difference simulations indicate that, in general, the observations may be reproduced by either of the 3D velocity models, although refinements to the proposed 3D structure for the SCV are needed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Dolenc, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 3 BP 1120 EP 1136 DI 10.1785/0120040059 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 938PX UT WOS:000230016400023 ER PT J AU Elvir, JA Rustad, L Wiersma, GB Fernandez, I White, AS White, GJ AF Elvir, JA Rustad, L Wiersma, GB Fernandez, I White, AS White, GJ TI Eleven-year response of foliar chemistry to chronic nitrogen and sulfur additions at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; NORWAY SPRUCE; SUGAR MAPLE; NEW-YORK; SOIL; DEPOSITION; DECLINE; SATURATION; BBWM; TEMPERATE AB The foliar chemistry of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), and red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) was studied from 1993 to 2003 at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM). The BBWM is a paired-watershed forest ecosystem study, with one watershed treated bimonthly since 1989 with ammonium sulfate ((NH4)(2)SO4) at a rate of 25.2 kg N center dot ha(-1 center dot)year(-1). Foliar N concentrations were higher in all tree species within the treated watershed compared with trees within the reference watershed. Foliar Ca and Mg concentrations were lower in American beech and red spruce within the treated watershed. There were no significant differences in foliar K concentrations between watersheds. Foliar P and Mn concentration differences between watersheds were inconsistent among years. Differences in foliar N concentrations between watersheds declined over time in sugar maple but not in red spruce or American beech. Differences in foliar Ca and Mg concentrations between the treated and reference watersheds increased over time for American beech and red spruce, primarily because of a consistent decline in concentrations of these nutrients in trees within the treated watershed. No temporal trends in foliar Ca and Mg concentration differences between watersheds were observed for sugar maple. C1 Escuela Nacl Ciencias Foreztales, Siguatepeque, Comayaguna, Honduras. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Forest Ecosyst Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Forest Ecosyst Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Elvir, JA (reprint author), Escuela Nacl Ciencias Foreztales, Apartado Postal 2, Siguatepeque, Comayaguna, Honduras. EM alexit98@yahoo.com NR 48 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 20 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1402 EP 1410 DI 10.1139/X05-072 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 960MX UT WOS:000231598900014 ER PT J AU Reed, JA Lin, QH Chen, DH Mian, IS Medrano, EE AF Reed, JA Lin, QH Chen, DH Mian, IS Medrano, EE TI SKI pathways inducing progression of human melanoma SO CANCER AND METASTASIS REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE SKI; TGF-beta; FHL2; beta-catenin ID TRANSFORMING-GROWTH-FACTOR; LIM-DOMAIN PROTEIN; FACTOR-BETA; TGF-BETA; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSION; CO-REPRESSOR; PROGNOSTIC MARKER; ONLY PROTEIN; COLON-CANCER; DNA-BINDING AB The proteins SKI and SnoN are implicated in processes as diverse as differentiation, transformation and tumor progression. Until recently, SKI was solely viewed as a nuclear protein with a principal function of inhibiting TGF-beta signaling through its association with the Smad proteins. However, new studies suggest that SKI plays additional roles not only inside but also outside the nucleus. In normal melanocytes and primary non-invasive melanomas, SKI localizes predominantly in the nucleus, whereas in primary invasive melanomas SKI displays both nuclear and cytoplasmic localization. Intriguingly, metastatic melanoma tumors display nuclear and cytoplasmic or predominantly cytoplasmic SKI distribution. Cytoplasmic SKI is functional, as it associates with Smad3 and prevents its nuclear localization mediated by TGF-beta. SKI can also function as a transcriptional activator, targeting the beta -catenin pathway and activating MITF and NrCAM, two proteins involved in survival, migration and invasion. Intriguingly, SKI appears to live a dual life, one as a tumor suppressor and another as a transforming protein. Loss of one copy of mouse ski increases susceptibility to tumorigenesis in mice, whereas its overexpression is associated with cancer progression of human melanoma, esophageal, breast and colon. The molecular reasons for such dramatic change in SKI function appear to result from new acquired activities. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which SKI regulates crucial pathways involved in the progression of human malignant melanoma. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Dermatol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Huffington Ctr Aging, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Medrano, EE (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Dermatol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM medrano@bcm.tmc.edu NR 57 TC 44 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7659 J9 CANCER METAST REV JI Cancer Metastasis Rev. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 2 BP 265 EP 272 DI 10.1007/s10555-005-1576-x PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 940VQ UT WOS:000230174400006 PM 15986136 ER PT J AU Noori, P Hou, SM Jones, IM Thomas, CB Lambert, B AF Noori, P Hou, SM Jones, IM Thomas, CB Lambert, B TI A comparison of somatic mutational spectra in healthy study populations from Russia, Sweden and USA SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE HPRT GENE; LUNG-CANCER PATIENTS; HUMAN T-LYMPHOCYTES; IN-VIVO; MUTANT FREQUENCY; RADIATION-EXPOSURE; CLEANUP WORKERS; DNA-ADDUCTS; LOCUS; CHERNOBYL AB A comparison of mutation spectra at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) gene of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes may provide an insight into the aetiology of somatic mutation contributing to carcinogenesis and other diseases. To increase the knowledge of mutation spectra in healthy people, we have analysed HPRT mutant T-cells of 50 healthy Russians originally recruited as controls in a study involving Chernobyl clean-up workers [I.M.Jones, H.Galick, P.Kato et al. (2002) Radiat. Res., 158, 424-442]. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions and DNA sequencing identified 161 independent mutations among 176 thioguanine-resistant mutants. Forty mutations affected splicing mechanisms and 27 deletions or insertions of 1-60 nt were identified. Ninety-four single base substitutions were identified, including 62 different mutations at 55 different nucleotide positions, of which 19 had not been reported previously in human T-cells. Comparison of this base substitution spectrum with mutation spectra in a USA [K.J.Burkhart-Schultz, C.L.Thompson and I.M.Jones (1996) Carcinogenesis, 17, 1871-1883] and two Swedish populations [A.Podlutsky, A.-M.Osterholm, S.-M.Hou, A.Hofmaier and B.Lambert (1998) Carcinogenesis, 19, 557-566; A.Podlutsky, S.M.Hou, F.Nyberg, G.Pershagen and B.Lambert (1999) Mutat. Res., 431, 325-39] revealed similarity in the type, frequency and distribution of mutations in the four spectra, consistent with aetiologies inherent in human metabolism. There were 15-19 identical mutations in the three pairwise comparisons of Russian with USA and Swedish spectra. Intriguingly, there were 21 mutations unique to the Russian spectrum, and comparison by the Monte Carlo method of W.T.Adams and T.R.Skopek [(1987) J. Mol. Biol., 194, 391-396] indicated that the Russian spectrum was different from both Swedish spectra (P = 0.007, 0.002), but not different from the USA spectrum (P = 0.07) when Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was made (P < 0.008 required for significance). Age and smoking did not account for these differences. Other factors causing mutational differences need to be explored. C1 Karolinska Inst, Novum, Dept Biosci, SE-14157 Huddinge, Sweden. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lambert, B (reprint author), Karolinska Inst, Novum, Dept Biosci, SE-14157 Huddinge, Sweden. EM bo.lambert@cnt.ki.se FU NCI NIH HHS [CA59431] NR 34 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD JUN PY 2005 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1138 EP 1151 DI 10.1093/carcin/bgi046 PG 14 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 934HO UT WOS:000229700100015 PM 15731167 ER PT J AU Yan, WF Petkov, V Mahurin, SM Overbury, SH Dai, S AF Yan, WF Petkov, V Mahurin, SM Overbury, SH Dai, S TI Powder XRD analysis and catalysis characterization of ultra-small gold nanoparticles deposited on titania-modified SBA-15 SO CATALYSIS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE CO OXIDATION; ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; SUPPORTED AU CATALYSTS; METAL-OXIDES; CARBON-MONOXIDE; SURFACE; FILMS; TIO2; PRECISION AB Ultra-small gold nanoparticles (0.8-1 nm) are successfully deposited on titania-modified SBA-15 via a deposition-precipitation method. A comparison of experimental X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns with theoretical ones shows that gold exists as Au3+ and Au-0 in the as-synthesized and reduced catalyst, respectively. The XRD analyses also suggest that All nanoparticles are more developed along the < 111 > direction forming a raft-type structure. Z-contrast transmission electron microscopy analyses indicate that the ultra-small gold nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed on the surface of the substrate. The material is found to possess high catalytic activity for low-temperature CO oxidation. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Petkov, V (reprint author), Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, 203 Dow Sci, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. EM petkov@phy.cmich.edu; dais@ornl.gov RI Overbury, Steven/C-5108-2016; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Overbury, Steven/0000-0002-5137-3961; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 33 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-7367 J9 CATAL COMMUN JI Catal. Commun. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 6 IS 6 BP 404 EP 408 DI 10.1016/j.catcom.2005.04.004 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 941IT UT WOS:000230209200007 ER PT J AU Cao, CS Wang, Y AF Cao, CS Wang, Y TI Kinetic analysis of complex reactions using FEMLAB SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLUCOSE HYDROGENATION; CATALYTIC CRACKING; MODEL AB A finite element method software, FEMALB, has been implemented for the kinetic analysis of complex reaction systems. The established protocol provides fast solutions to coupled differential-algebraic equations. It shows significant advantages over the conventional coding process with the standard implicit Runge-Kutta (IRK) method. The accuracy and high efficiency have been demonstrated by the simulation of reaction processes such as glucose/fructose hydrogenation and catalytic cracking of gasoil. As model validation, the numerical results showed satisfactory agreement with the exact solutions. With the powerful capability of solving large matrices of differential equations (both ODE and PDE) with nonlinear algebraic constrains, such an algorithm has greatly reduced the coding labor in reaction mechanistic studies and provided a unique tool in reactor design and optimization. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Cao, CS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, K8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM chunshe.cao@pnl.gov RI Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0930-7516 J9 CHEM ENG TECHNOL JI Chem. Eng. Technol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 28 IS 6 BP 649 EP 654 DI 10.1002/ceat.200500027 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 936NT UT WOS:000229863400001 ER PT J AU Thompson, JD Sarrao, JL Wastin, F AF Thompson, JD Sarrao, JL Wastin, F TI Superconductivity in the isostructural heavy-fermion compounds CeMIn5 and PuMGa5 SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Taiwan International Conference on Superconductivity/7th Workshop on Low Temperature Physics (TICS 04/WLTP7) CY JUL 05-09, 2004 CL Penghu, TAIWAN SP Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Phys Soc Taiwan, Minist Educ, Natl Sci Council ID CERHIN5; CEIRIN5 AB The crystallographic structure of CeMIn5 and PuMGa5 appears to be important for their superconductivity as well as their magnetic properties. Substantial evidence suggests that superconductivity in CeMIn5 compounds is unconventional and mediated by antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations. The common structure-property relationships in CeMIn5 and PuMGa5 imply that superconductivity in PuMGa5 also may be spin-mediated. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Inst Transuranium Elements, JRC, EC, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Thompson, JD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU PHYSICAL SOC REPUBLIC CHINA PI TAIPEI PA CHINESE JOURNAL PHYSICS PO BOX 23-30, TAIPEI 10764, TAIWAN SN 0577-9073 J9 CHINESE J PHYS JI Chin. J. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 43 IS 3 BP 499 EP 504 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 940QT UT WOS:000230159800002 ER PT J AU Oeschler, N Fisher, RA Phillips, NE Gordon, JE Foo, ML Cava, RJ AF Oeschler, N Fisher, RA Phillips, NE Gordon, JE Foo, ML Cava, RJ TI Heat capacity of Na0.3CoO2 center dot 1.3H(2)O, a new two-gap superconductor: Comparison with the heat capacity of MgB2 SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Taiwan International Conference on Superconductivity/7th Workshop on Low Temperature Physics (TICS 04/WLTP7) CY JUL 05-09, 2004 CL Penghu, TAIWAN SP Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Phys Soc Taiwan, Minist Educ, Natl Sci Council ID OVERLAPPING BANDS; BORON; MODEL AB The superconducting-state heat capacity of Na(0.3)CoO(2)center dot 1.3H(2)O shows unusual, marked deviations from BCS theory, at all temperatures. At low temperatures the heat capacity has the T-2 dependence characteristic of line nodes in the energy gap, rather than the exponential temperature dependence of a fully gapped, conventional superconductor. At temperatures of the order of one fifth of the critical temperature and above, the deviations are strikingly similar to those of MgB2, which are known to be a consequence of the existence of substantially different energy gaps on different sheets of the Fermi surface. A two-gap fit to the Na(0.3)CoO(2)center dot 1.3H(2)O data gives gap amplitudes of 45% and 125% of the BCS value, on parts of the Fermi surface that contribute, respectively, 45% and 55% to the normal-state density of states. The temperature of the onset of the transition to the vortex state is independent of magnetic field, which shows the presence of unusually strong fluctuations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Amherst Coll, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Oeschler, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Foo, Maw Lin/H-9273-2012 NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU PHYSICAL SOC REPUBLIC CHINA PI TAIPEI PA CHINESE JOURNAL PHYSICS PO BOX 23-30, TAIPEI 10764, TAIWAN SN 0577-9073 J9 CHINESE J PHYS JI Chin. J. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 43 IS 3 SU 2 BP 574 EP 582 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 940QT UT WOS:000230159800011 ER PT J AU Cha, YS AF Cha, YS TI Magnetic diffusion and its applications in bulk high-T-c superconductors SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Taiwan International Conference on Superconductivity/7th Workshop on Low Temperature Physics (TICS 04/WLTP7) CY JUL 05-09, 2004 CL Penghu, TAIWAN SP Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Phys Soc Taiwan, Minist Educ, Natl Sci Council ID FAULT CURRENT LIMITER; FIELD AB Magnetic diffusion in bulk high-T-c superconductors is important in electric power applications because the time scale associated with it is the same order of magnitude as the period of an AC system with frequency in the range of 50-60 Hz. It is shown that Bean's critical-state model is applicable for equilibrium conditions but not for AC steady-state conditions. Furthermore, to accurately predict the time evolution of the magnetic field distribution in bulk high-T-c superconductors, one must simultaneously solve magnetic- and thermal-diffusion equations. Magnetic-diffusion equations can be applied to AC losses and other phenomena observed in many applications for bulk high-T-c superconductors, including inductively coupled fault current limiters and trapped-field magnets using a pulsed current supply. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Cha, YS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PHYSICAL SOC REPUBLIC CHINA PI TAIPEI PA CHINESE JOURNAL PHYSICS PO BOX 23-30, TAIPEI 10764, TAIWAN SN 0577-9073 J9 CHINESE J PHYS JI Chin. J. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 43 IS 3 SU 2 BP 681 EP 692 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 940QT UT WOS:000230159800026 ER PT J AU Lee, SY Matsui, N Kurosaka, M Komistek, RA Mahfouz, M Dennis, DA Yoshiya, S AF Lee, SY Matsui, N Kurosaka, M Komistek, RA Mahfouz, M Dennis, DA Yoshiya, S TI A posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty shows condylar lift-off during deep knee bends SO CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID IN-VIVO DETERMINATION; 3-DIMENSIONAL DETERMINATION; CONTACT POSITIONS; KINEMATICS; ALIGNMENT; FLUOROSCOPY; LOAD AB This prospective randomized study was done to examine whether any difference in presentation of condyler lift-off exists between posterior cruciate-retaining and posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasties. Fluoroscopic analysis of flexion kinematics under weightbearing condition was done for 18 patients who had bilateral paired total knee arthroplasties. The posterior cruciate-retaining and posterior-stabilized prostheses were from the same total knee arthroplasty series with comparable surface geometries and were implanted by one surgeon. At evaluation, five of 18 patients (28%) with posterior cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasties had condylar lift-off, compared with 12 of 18 patients (67%) with posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasties. Consequently, a significant difference in its incidence was seen between the groups. Condylar lift-off in posterior-stabilized knees was observed at various flexion angles, and one knee in this group had lift-off laterally and medially at different flexion angles. These findings raise concern that the higher incidence of condylar lift-off in posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty may lead to an increased wear rate of polyethylene associated with long-term prosthetic loosening. C1 Kobe Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Chuo Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6500017, Japan. Univ Tennessee, Dept Biomed Engn, Knoxville, TN USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Rocky Mt Musculoskeletal Res Lab, Denver, CO USA. RP Yoshiya, S (reprint author), Kobe Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Chuo Ku, 7-5-1 Kusunoki Cho, Kobe, Hyogo 6500017, Japan. EM yoshiya@med.kobe-u.ac.jp NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-921X J9 CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R JI Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. PD JUN PY 2005 IS 435 BP 181 EP 184 DI 10.1097/01.blo.0000155013.31327.dc PG 4 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 932MC UT WOS:000229556800026 ER PT J AU Bittner, AC Croffut, RM Stranahan, MC AF Bittner, AC Croffut, RM Stranahan, MC TI Prescript-assist (TM) probiotic-prebiotic treatment for irritable bowel syndrome: A methodologically oriented, 2-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical study SO CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article DE irritable bowel syndrome; subsyndromes; double-blind; probiotic; prebiotic; efficacy; methodology AB Background: The symptomatic efficacy of Prescript-Assist (TM) (Safer Medical, Inc., Fort Benton, Montana), a treatment combining probiotic and probiotic components, has previously been evaluated clinically only in an open-label study in patients with various gastrointestinal conditions, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Objectives: This study was conducted primarily to compare the effects of Prescript-Assist with placebo in patients with a diagnosis of IBS. Toward this objective, a secondary methodologic goal was to determine the number and nature of symptom clusters ("subsyndromic factors") that characterize IBS. Methods: This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study in which patients were randomly assigned to receive either Prescript-Assist one 500-mg capsule BID or 1 placebo capsule BID for 2 weeks. Thirteen IBS symptoms identified from the clinical literature were embedded in a larger research instrument. Using a scale from 0 to 5, patients rated the intensity of these symptoms for the 7-day period immediately before the start of treatment, at the end of each study week, and after each of the 2 subsequent weeks (during which all patients received open-label Prescript-Assist as part of a larger study evaluating methodologic approaches to enhancing assessments of medication efficacy/safety). The symptom-intensity data were subjected to maximum likelihood factor analysis with varimax rotation to identify any IBS subsyndromic factors, and the effect of treatment on each of the identified factors was evaluated using analyses of covariance with appropriate baseline-week assessments as covariate controls. Results: The study included 25 patients with IBS (23 women, 2 men; age range, 20-70 years). Three subsyndromic factors were identified that together accounted for 60.2% of total IBS symptom variance: factor 1, general ill feelings/nausea; factor 2, indigestion/flatulence; and factor 3, colitis. Treatment with Prescript-Assist was associated with significant reductions in each of the subsyndromic factors. Factor 1 was significantly reduced by 0.345 standard score units (F-1,F-46 4.26; P = 0.042), factor 2 by 0.544 standard score units (F-1,F-46 = 7.83; P = 0.008), and factor 3 by 0.826 standard score units (F-1,F-46 = 10.20; P = 0.003). Conclusions: This study identified 3 subsyndromic factors of IBS: general ill feelings/nausea, indigestion/flatulence, and colitis. In this methodologically oriented double-blind study in patients with IBS, combined probiotic-prebiotic treatment with Prescript-Assist was associated with significant reductions in these factors. C1 Battelle Seattle Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Needmor Fdn, Missoula, MT USA. RP Bittner, AC (reprint author), 13839 SE 260th St, Kent, WA 98042 USA. EM drbittner@comcast.net NR 24 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 6 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0149-2918 J9 CLIN THER JI Clin. Ther. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 27 IS 6 BP 755 EP 761 DI 10.1016/j.clinthera.2005.06.005 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 945VS UT WOS:000230531000009 PM 16117982 ER PT J AU Musculus, MPB Pickett, LA AF Musculus, MPB Pickett, LA TI Diagnostic considerations for optical laser-extinction measurements of soot in high-pressure transient combustion environments SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE soot; extinction; high pressure; diesel engine; optical engine; combustion; beam steering; fused silica; photoelastic; transmission; birefringence ID SCATTERING; TEMPERATURE AB Laser-extinction diagnostics can provide spatially and temporally resolved measurements of attenuation front combustion-generated soot within the path of the beam. When laser-extinction techniques are utilized in high-pressure combustion environments, however, a number of complications may be encountered that are not present in low-pressure environments. Several of these experimental difficulties were investigated in diesel engine environments, and solutions that facilitated acquisition of reliable laser-extinction data were demonstrated. Beam steering due to refractive index gradients within the combusting gases was observed, and a full-angle beam divergence of over 100 mrad was measured. A spatial-filtering scheme was employed to reduce the collection of forward-scattered light and background combustion luminosity while ensuring full collection of the steered beam. To further reject combustion luminosity, a narrow-bandpass laser-line filter was employed, after diffusing the transmitted light sufficiently to avoid the effects of significant spatial non-uniformities of the filter. As the windows were subjected to thermal and mechanical stresses, dynamic etaloning, effects due to the photoelastic, properties of synthetic fused silica were observed. Dynamic changes in the polarization of the exit beam were also observed, as stress-induced birefringence in the windows caused dynamic phase retardation of the transmitted beam. Although these photoelastic effects could not be eliminated, they were mitigated by introducing curvature to the wavefronts in the laser-extinction beam and using polarization-insensitive elements in the detection optics. Soot deposits on window Surfaces were removed ablatively using a coaxial, high-energy, pulsed Nd:YAG laser beam. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Musculus, MPB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM mpmuscu@sandia.gov NR 33 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JUN PY 2005 VL 141 IS 4 BP 371 EP 391 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2005.01.013 PG 21 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 932LH UT WOS:000229554700006 ER PT J AU Bennaceur, K Dobaczewski, J AF Bennaceur, K Dobaczewski, J TI Coordinate-space solution of the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov equations within spherical symmetry. The program HFBRAD (v1.00) SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Hartree-Fock; Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov; Skyrme interaction; self-consistent mean-field; nuclear many-body problem; pairing; nuclear radii; single-particle spectra; coulomb field ID HARMONIC-OSCILLATOR BASIS; GROUND-STATE PROPERTIES; MEAN-FIELD; DRIP-LINE; NUCLEI; HFODD; PARAMETRIZATION; VERSION AB We describe the first version (v1.00) of the code HFBRAD which solves the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock or Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov equations in the coordinate representation with spherical symmetry. A realistic representation of the quasiparticle wave functions on the space lattice allows calculations to be performed up to the particle drip lines. Zero-range density-dependent interactions are used in the pairing channel. The pairing energy is calculated by either using a cut-off energy in the quasiparticle spectrum or the regularization scheme proposed by A. Bulgac and Y. Yu. C1 Univ Lyon 1, IN2P3, CNRS, IPN Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Univ Warsaw, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bennaceur, K (reprint author), Univ Lyon 1, IN2P3, CNRS, IPN Lyon, Bat Paul Dirac,43,Bd 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. EM bennaceur@ipnl.in2p3.fr; jacek.dobaczewski@fuw.edu.pl RI Bennaceur, Karim/O-1680-2016 OI Bennaceur, Karim/0000-0002-6722-491X NR 29 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 168 IS 2 BP 96 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2005.02.002 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 934WD UT WOS:000229739000003 ER PT J AU Schultz, E AF Schultz, E TI Personal information compromises: It is time for the US Government to wake up SO COMPUTERS & SECURITY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schultz, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley Lab, Cyclotron Rd,MS 50A-3111, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM eeugeneschultz2@aol.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-4048 J9 COMPUT SECUR JI Comput. Secur. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 4 BP 261 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.cose.2005.04.002 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 940RE UT WOS:000230160900001 ER PT J AU Randles, PW Libersky, LD AF Randles, PW Libersky, LD TI Boundary conditions for a dual particle method SO COMPUTERS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd MIT Conference on Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics CY JUN 17-20, 2003 CL MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA SP GM, HP, Compaq, Daimler Chrysler, Hyundai, Ford, MSC Software, Sgi, ESI Grp, Boeing, CINI, Texas Instruments, Fluent Inc, CFX, CFD Soc Canada, SIAM, Michelin, IACMAG, Adinan, Mecalog, Star CD, ALCAN, ANSYS Inc HO MIT DE meshfree; particle; stability; Lagrangian; hydrodynamics; moving least squares; simulations ID TENSION INSTABILITY; HYDRODYNAMICS; SPH AB We present a meshfree particle method suitable for computation of the dynamic response of materials. The method employs two sets of Lagrange particles: one carrying position and velocity (motion particles) and the other carrying field (stress particles). A stability analysis shows the method to be stable, even under deformation and when the connectivity is changing. This provides hope that large deformations can be computed in a Lagrange frame. Important aspects of the method include: (1) linear moving least squares (MLS) derivative estimates, (2) a unified boundary treatment based on constrained linear MLS fits, (3) a conceptually simple neighbor search that handles large anisotropy in the particle spacing, and most importantly, (4) stability with deformation and changing connectivity. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Libersky, LD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM libersky@lanl.gov NR 14 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7949 J9 COMPUT STRUCT JI Comput. Struct. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 83 IS 17-18 BP 1476 EP 1486 DI 10.1016/j.compstruc.2004.11.027 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 940RB UT WOS:000230160600009 ER PT J AU Silling, SA Askari, E AF Silling, SA Askari, E TI A meshfree method based on the peridynamic model of solid mechanics SO COMPUTERS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd MIT Conference on Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics CY JUN 17-20, 2003 CL MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA SP GM, HP, Compaq, Daimler Chrysler, Hyundai, Ford, MSC Software, Sgi, ESI Grp, Boeing, CINI, Texas Instruments, Fluent Inc, CFX, CFD Soc Canada, SIAM, Michelin, IACMAG, Adinan, Mecalog, Star CD, ALCAN, ANSYS Inc HO MIT ID CRACKS; DISCONTINUITIES; PROPAGATION; ELASTICITY AB An alternative theory of solid mechanics, known as the peridynamic theory, formulates problems in terms of integral equations rather than partial differential equations. This theory assumes that particles in a continuum interact with each other across a finite distance, as in molecular dynamics. Damage is incorporated in the theory at the level of these two-particle interactions, so localization and fracture occur as a natural outgrowth of the equation of motion and constitutive models. A numerical method for solving dynamic problems within the peridynamic theory is described. Accuracy and numerical stability are discussed. Examples illustrate the properties of the method for modeling brittle dynamic crack growth. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Computat Phys, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Boeing Phantom Works, Math Grp, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. RP Silling, SA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Computat Phys, MS-0378, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM sasilli@sandia.gov NR 23 TC 248 Z9 262 U1 11 U2 52 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7949 J9 COMPUT STRUCT JI Comput. Struct. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 83 IS 17-18 BP 1526 EP 1535 DI 10.1016/j.compstruc.2004.11.026 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 940RB UT WOS:000230160600013 ER PT J AU Markidis, S Lapenta, G VanderHeyden, WB Budimlic, Z AF Markidis, S Lapenta, G VanderHeyden, WB Budimlic, Z TI Implementation and performance of a particle-in-cell code written in Java SO CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article DE PIC method; object-oriented programming; high-performance computing; Java ID SIMULATION AB Plasma simulation is an important example of a high-performance computing application where computer science issues are of great relevance. In a plasma, each particle, electron or ion, interacts with the external fields and with other particles in ways that can be readily and effectively emulated using object-oriented programming. However, the great cost of plasma simulations has traditionally discouraged object-oriented implementations due to their perceived inferior performance compared with classic procedural FORTRAN or C. In the present paper, we revisit this issue. We have developed a Java particle-in-cell code for plasma simulation, called Parsek. The paper considers different choices for the object orientation and tests their performance. We find that coarse-grained object orientation is faster and practically immune from any degradation compared with a standard procedural implementation (with static classes). The loss in performance for a fine-grained object orientation is a factor of about 50%, which can be almost completely eliminated using advanced Java compilation techniques. The Java code Parsek also provides an interesting realistic application of high-performance computing to compare the performance of Java with FORTRAN. We have conducted a series of tests considering various Java implementations and various FORTRAN implementations. We have also considered different computer architectures and different Java Virtual Machines and FORTRAN compilers. The conclusion is that with Parsek, object-oriented Java can reach CPU speed performances more or less comparable with procedural FORTRAN. This conclusion is remarkable and it is in agreement with the most recent benchmarks, but is at variance with widely held misconceptions about the alleged slowness of Java. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Rice Univ, Ctr High Performance Software Res, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Lapenta, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lapenta@lanl.gov OI Lapenta, Giovanni/0000-0002-3123-4024 NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1532-0626 J9 CONCURR COMP-PRACT E JI Concurr. Comput.-Pract. Exp. PD JUN-JUL PY 2005 VL 17 IS 7-8 BP 821 EP 837 DI 10.1002/cpe.856 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 926OQ UT WOS:000229132900005 ER PT J AU Fredrickson, JK Romine, MF AF Fredrickson, JK Romine, MF TI Genome-assisted analysis of dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS MR-1; TRIMETHYLAMINE OXIDE REDUCTASE; GEOBACTER-SULFURREDUCENS; ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; FE(III) REDUCTION; GENES; CYTOCHROME; MASS; MUTANT AB The availability of whole genome sequences for Shewanella oneidensis and Geobacter sulfurreducens has provided numerous new biological insights into the function of these model dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria. Many of these findings, including the identification of a high number of c-type cytochromes in both organisms, have resulted from comparative genomic analyses, and several have been experimentally confirmed. These genome sequences have also aided the identification of genes important for the reduction of metal ions and other electron acceptors utilized during anaerobic growth, by facilitating the identification of genes disrupted by random insertions. Technologies for assaying global expression patterns for genes and proteins have also been employed, but their application has been limited mainly to the analysis of the role of global regulatory genes and to identifying genes expressed or repressed in response to specific electron acceptors. It is anticipated that details of the mechanisms of metal ion respiration, and metabolism in general, will eventually be revealed by comprehensive, systems-level analyses enabled by functional genomics data. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fredrickson, JK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jim.fredrickson@pnl.gov OI Romine, Margaret/0000-0002-0968-7641 NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 16 IS 3 BP 269 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.copbio.2005.04.001 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 941GR UT WOS:000230203800006 PM 15961027 ER PT J AU Hamilton, WA AF Hamilton, WA TI Conformation, directed self-assembly and engineered modification: some recent near surface structure determinations by grazing incidence small angle X-ray and neutron scattering SO CURRENT OPINION IN COLLOID & INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE off-specular; X-ray; neutron; surface; interface; thin-film; GISAS; GISANS; GISAXS ID DIBLOCK COPOLYMER FILMS; ROUGH SURFACES; LAMELLAR FILM; THIN-FILMS; DIFFRACTION; INTERFACE; NANOPARTICLES; REFLECTION; MEMBRANES; FLUCTUATIONS AB Some recent developments in grazing incidence small angle scattering (GISAS) technique are reviewed. The emphasis is on the application of GISAS to elucidating the effects of geometrical surface constraint on self-assembled systems and the effect of modification of interfaces or molecular subassemblies to direct the formation of more complex structures. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Ctr Neutron Scattering, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hamilton, WA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Ctr Neutron Scattering, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM HamiltonWA@ornl.gov NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1359-0294 EI 1879-0399 J9 CURR OPIN COLLOID IN JI Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 9 IS 6 BP 390 EP 395 DI 10.1016/j.cocis.2004.10.005 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 941JT UT WOS:000230211800006 ER PT J AU Holbrook, SR AF Holbrook, SR TI RNA structure: the long and the short of it SO CURRENT OPINION IN STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID LARGE RIBOSOMAL-SUBUNIT; DELTA VIRUS RIBOZYME; GROUP-I INTRON; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; CLASSIFICATION; DATABASE; MOTIFS; CRYSTALLIZATION; IDENTIFICATION AB The database of RNA structure has grown tremendously since the crystal structure analyses of ribosomal subunits in 2000-2001. During the past: year, the trend toward determining the structure of large, complex biological RNAs has accelerated, with the analysis of three intact group I introns, A- and B-type ribonuclease P RNAs, a riboswitch-substrate complex and other structures. The, growing database of RNA structures, coupled with efforts directed at the standardization of nomenclature and classification of motifs, has resulted in the identification and characterization of numerous RNA secondary and tertiary structure motifs. Because a large proportion of RNA structure can now be shown to be composed of these recurring structural motifs, a view of RNA as a modular structure built from a combination of these building blocks and tertiary linkers is beginning to emerge. At the same time, however, more detailed analysis of water, metal, ligand and protein binding to RNA is revealing the effect of these moieties on folding and structure formation. The balance between the views of RNA structure either as strictly a construct of preformed building blocks linked in a limited number of ways or as a flexible polymer assuming a global fold influenced by its environment will be the focus of current and future RNA structural biology. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Struct Biol Dept, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Holbrook, SR (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Struct Biol Dept, Phys Biosci Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 64R0121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM srholbrook@lbl.gov FU NHGRI NIH HHS [1R01HG002665]; NIGMS NIH HHS [1R01GM66199] NR 48 TC 74 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 12 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0959-440X J9 CURR OPIN STRUC BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 3 BP 302 EP 308 DI 10.1016/j.sbi.2005.04.005 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 943VA UT WOS:000230381600009 PM 15963891 ER PT J AU Fasel, TR Sohn, H Park, G Farrar, CR AF Fasel, TR Sohn, H Park, G Farrar, CR TI Active sensing using impedance-based ARX models and extreme value statistics for damage detection SO EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING & STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE structural health monitoring; auto-regressive model with exogenous input (ARX); extreme value statistics; impedance method; active-sensing; damage detection ID SYSTEMS AB In this paper, the applicability of an auto-regressive model with exogenous inputs (ARX) in the frequency domain to structural health monitoring (SHM) is established. Damage sensitive features that explicitly consider non-linear system input/output relationships are extracted from the ARX model. Furthermore, because of the non-Gaussian nature of the extracted features, Extreme Value Statistics (EVS) is employed to develop a robust damage classifier. EVS provides superior performance to standard statistical methods because the data of interest are in the tails (extremes) of the damage sensitive feature distribution. The suitability of the ARX model, combined with EVS, to non-linear damage detection is demonstrated using vibration data obtained from a laboratory experiment of a three-story building model. It is found that the vibration-based method, while able to discern when damage is present in the structure, is unable to localize the damage to a particular joint. An impedance-based active sensing method using piezoelectric (PZT) material as both an actuator and a sensor is then investigated as an alternative solution to the problem of damage localization. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Weapon Response Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sohn, H (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM hsohn@andrew.cmu.edu RI Sohn, Hoon/A-9406-2008 NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0098-8847 J9 EARTHQ ENG STRUCT D JI Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 34 IS 7 BP 763 EP 785 DI 10.1002/eqe.454 PG 23 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 932CX UT WOS:000229532900004 ER PT J AU Zhao, D Borders, B Wilson, M AF Zhao, D Borders, B Wilson, M TI A density-dependent matrix model for bottomland hardwood stands in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE density-dependent model; mixed-species; bottomland hardwood; matrix model; Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley ID GROWTH-MODEL; RENEWABLE RESOURCES; SELECTION FORESTS; ECONOMIC RETURNS; DIAMETER GROWTH; TREE DIVERSITY; MANAGEMENT AB Bottomland hardwoods in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (LMAV) have become one of the most endangered ecosystems in the United States. This ecosystem is an important ecological resource providing many functions and values such as wildlife habitat, water quality protection, biodiversity, and timber production. Active management and restoration of bottomland hardwoods stress the need for tools to support decision-making, but no reliable quantitative information, such as developed growth and yield models, is available for such forests with high species diversity. A density-dependent matrix model, which recognizes differences in tree species and size, was developed for these bottomland mixed-species hardwoods in LMAV. The model was calibrated using data from continuous forest inventory plots. Trees were placed in one of 13 diameter classes of soft hardwoods or hard hardwoods, or four diameter classes of non-commercial species. Five-year predictions show good agreement between the actual and predicted diameter distributions. In terms of value of stand basal area, the model predicted well for stands with densities ranging from 13.8 to 41.3 m(2)/ha (60-180 ft(2)/acre). The model will be useful for short-term inventory projections and simulation studies of the development of these stands using different management regimes. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Zhao, D (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM zhao-dehai@srel.edu OI Wilson, Machelle/0000-0003-1734-2755 NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 184 IS 2-4 BP 381 EP 395 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.11.002 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 928LK UT WOS:000229272900016 ER PT J AU Torn, MS Vitousek, PM Trumbore, SE AF Torn, MS Vitousek, PM Trumbore, SE TI The influence of nutrient availability on soil organic matter turnover estimated by incubations and radiocarbon modeling SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE carbon; nitrogen; phosphorus; tropical forest; (14)C; microbial biomass; decomposition ID MONTANE RAIN-FOREST; MICROBIAL BIOMASS-C; CARBON TURNOVER; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; TEMPERATE FOREST; PHOSPHORUS LIMITATION; EXTRACTION METHOD; HAWAIIAN FORESTS; MOISTURE-CONTENT; LAND-USE AB We investigated the decomposability of soil organic matter (SOM) along a chronosequence of rainforest sites in Hawaii that form a natural fertility gradient and at two long-term fertilization experiments. To estimate turnover times and pool sizes of organic matter, we used two independent methods: (1) long-term incubations and (2) a three-box soil model constrained by radiocarbon measurements. Turnover times of slow-pool SOM (the intermediate pool between active and passive pools) calculated from incubations ranged from 6 to 20 y in the 0 horizon and were roughly half as fast in the A horizon. The radiocarbon-based model yielded a similar pattern but slower turnover times. The calculation of the (14)C turnover times is sensitive to the lag time between photosynthesis and incorporation of organic C into SOM in a given horizon. By either method, turnover times at the different sites varied two- or threefold in soils with the same climate and vegetation community. Turnover times were fastest at the sites of highest soil fertility and were correlated with litter decay rates and primary productivity. However, experimental fertilization at the two least-fertile sites had only a small and inconsistent effect on turnover, with N slowing turnover and P slightly speeding it at one site. These results support studies of litter decomposition in suggesting that while plant productivity can respond rapidly to nutrient additions, decomposition may respond much more slowly to added nutrients. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Torn, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 90-1116,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mstorn@lbl.gov RI Trumbore, Susan/B-1948-2013; Torn, Margaret/D-2305-2015 NR 85 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 5 U2 49 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JUN PY 2005 VL 8 IS 4 BP 352 EP 372 DI 10.1007/s10021-004-0259-8 PG 21 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 949QZ UT WOS:000230804500002 ER PT J AU Yue, M Schlueter, R AF Yue, M Schlueter, R TI An algorithm and properties enabling identification of bifurcation subsystems SO ELECTRIC POWER COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE bifurcation subsystem condition; bifurcation subsystem identification algorithm; geometric decoupling condition; Hopf bifurcation; network coherency; saddle-node bifurcation ID POWER-SYSTEMS; DYNAMIC-MODEL AB A systematic algorithm that applies the bifurcation subsystem and geometric decoupling test conditions is given for identification of a bifurcation subsystem using the bifurcating right eigenvector information. Both bifurcation subsystem condition and geometric decoupling condition are applied to a sequence of partitioned full system models with resultant internal systems of increasing order In order to simplify and provide more insight into the bifurcation subsystem identification procedure, a set of extensions of geometric decoupling condition are presented. More discussion oil the identification algorithm reveals that obtaining the bifurcation subsystem, which experiences, produces, and causes the bifurcation in full system model, is an event of very high probability for power systems. This analysis reveals that the existence of a bifurcation subsystem requires much weaker conditions than that required for slaving, coherency reduction, and α-decomposition method. More important, the simplicity of proposed identification algorithm makes its application to large power systems possible. These properties of the algorithm discussed above are made very clear from the graphic representation and detailed analysis of a Hopf bifurcation subsystem example occurring in a two-area power system. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI USA. RP Yue, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, POB 42, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM yuemeng@bnl.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-5008 J9 ELECTR POW COMPO SYS JI Electr. Power Compon. Syst. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 6 BP 611 EP 628 DI 10.1080/15325000590885243 PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 924CB UT WOS:000228955200003 ER PT J AU Ghanadan, R Koomey, JG AF Ghanadan, R Koomey, JG TI Using energy scenarios to explore alternative energy pathways in California SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Review DE energy scenarios; California; energy forecasting ID FUTURE; US AB This paper develops and analyzes four energy scenarios for California that are both exploratory and quantitative. The business-as-usual scenario represents a pathway guided by outcomes and expectations emerging from California's energy crisis. Three alternative scenarios represent contexts where clean energy plays a greater role in California's energy system: Split Public is driven by local and individual activities; Golden State gives importance to integrated state planning; Patriotic Energy represents a national drive to increase energy independence. Future energy consumption, composition of electricity generation, energy diversity, and greenhouse gas emissions are analyzed for each scenario through 2035. Energy savings, renewable energy, and transportation activities are identified as promising opportunities for achieving alternative energy pathways in California. A combined approach that brings together individual and community activities with state and national policies leads to the largest energy savings, increases in energy diversity, and reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Critical challenges in California's energy pathway over the next decades identified by the scenario analysis include dominance of the transportation sector, dependence on fossil fuels, emissions of greenhouse gases, accounting for electricity imports, and diversity of the electricity sector. The paper concludes with a set of policy lessons revealed from the California energy scenarios. (c) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, ERG, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, End Use Forecasting Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ghanadan, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, ERG, 310 Barrows Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rebeccag@socrates.berkeley.edu; jgkoomey@lbl.gov NR 114 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD JUN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 9 BP 1117 EP 1142 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2003.11.011 PG 26 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 905QU UT WOS:000227585200003 ER PT J AU Sharma, A Dandekar, AY Chukwu, GA Khataniar, S Patil, SL Haslebacher, WF Chaddock, J AF Sharma, A Dandekar, AY Chukwu, GA Khataniar, S Patil, SL Haslebacher, WF Chaddock, J TI Phase behavior measurement and modeling of gas-to-liquids and Alaska North Slope crude oil blends SO ENERGY SOURCES LA English DT Article DE GTL; TAPS; phase behavior; SRK; PR; EOS ID PIPELINE SYSTEM TAPS; EQUATION; STATE; GTL AB The feasibility of transporting gas-to-liquids (GTL) products (natural gas chemically converted to liquid hydrocarbons) through an existing oil pipeline-the Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS)-for bringing value to Alaska's vast stranded natural gas resources is currently being investigated. As part of this major project, the phase behavior measurement and modeling of GTL and Alaska North Slope crude (ANSC) oil blends have been carried out. The saturation pressures for various types of GTL and ANSC oil blends were measured in a conventional windows based PVT apparatus. The phase behavior of GTL and ANSC oil blends were also modeled by the Peng-Robinson and Soave-Redlich-Kwong equations-of-state. The measured and modeled saturation pressures were found to be in close agreement. The results also indicated that the GTL and ANSC oil blends would always exist as single-phase liquid under the current TAPS operating conditions. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Petr Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Dandekar, AY (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Petr Engn, POB 755880, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffayd@uaf.edu NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0090-8312 J9 ENERG SOURCE JI Energy Sources PD JUN PY 2005 VL 27 IS 8 BP 709 EP 718 DI 10.1080/00908310490450656 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 930IS UT WOS:000229409900005 ER PT J AU Phan, AV Gray, LJ Kaplan, T AF Phan, AV Gray, LJ Kaplan, T TI Residue approach for evaluating the 3D anisotropic elastic Green's function: multiple roots SO ENGINEERING ANALYSIS WITH BOUNDARY ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE Green's function; anisotropic elasticity; residue calculus; boundary element analysis ID DERIVATIVES; SOLIDS AB A numerical algorithm based upon the residue calculus for computing the three-dimensional anisotropic elastic Green's function and its derivatives has been presented by, among the others, Sales and Gray. Although this residue approach is in general faster than the standard Wilson-Cruse interpolation scheme, the convergence rate and accuracy can seriously degrade in the neighborhood of a non-simple pole. In this paper, explicit expressions, also based on the residue calculus, are obtained for computing the Green's function and its first-order derivatives in the presence of a multiple root. Further, the computation time for the residue algorithm proposed here has been significantly reduced by implementing the double-subscript-notation for the elastic constants that define the Christoffel tensor. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Alabama, Dept Mech Engn, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Sevilla, Escuela Super Ingn, Grp Elasticidad & Resistencia Mat, Seville 41092, Spain. RP Phan, AV (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, Dept Mech Engn, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. EM vphan@jaguar1.usouthal.edu NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-7997 J9 ENG ANAL BOUND ELEM JI Eng. Anal. Bound. Elem. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 29 IS 6 BP 570 EP 576 DI 10.1016/j.enanabound.2004.12.012 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 935YC UT WOS:000229818300008 ER PT J AU Clark, JF Hudson, GB Avisar, D AF Clark, JF Hudson, GB Avisar, D TI Gas transport below artificial recharge ponds: Insights from dissolved noble gases and a dual gas (SF6 and He-3) tracer experiment SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRAPPED GAS; POROUS-MEDIA; GROUND-WATER; EXCESS AIR; EXCHANGE; HELIUM; OXYGEN AB A dual gas tracer experiment using sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and an isotope of helium (He-3) and measurements of dissolved noble gases was performed at the El Rio spreading grounds to examine gas transport and trapped air below an artificial recharge pond with a very high recharge rate (similar to 4 m day(-1). Noble gas concentrations in the groundwater were greater than in surface water due to excess air formation showing that trapped air exists below the pond. Breakthrough curves of SF6 and He-3 at two nearby production wells were very similar and suggest that nonequilibrium gas transfer was occurring between the percolating water and the trapped air. Atone well screened between 50 and 90 m below ground, both tracers were detected after 5 days and reached a maximum at similar to 24 days. Despite the potential dilution caused by mixing within the production well, the maximum concentration was similar to 25% of the mean pond concentration. More than 50% of the SF6 recharged was recovered by the production wells during the 18 month long experiment. Our results demonstrate that at artificial recharge sites with high infiltration rates and moderately deep water tables, transport times between recharge locations and wells determined with gas tracer experiments are reliable. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geol Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Crustal Studies, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Biol & Nucl Sci Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Clark, JF (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geol Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM jfclark@geol.ucsb.edu NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 11 BP 3939 EP 3945 DI 10.1021/es049053x PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 933VY UT WOS:000229662200018 PM 15984768 ER PT J AU Douglas, M Clark, SB Friese, JI Arey, BW Buck, EC Hanson, BD AF Douglas, M Clark, SB Friese, JI Arey, BW Buck, EC Hanson, BD TI Neptunium(V) partitioning to uranium(VI) oxide and peroxide solids SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPENT NUCLEAR-FUEL; OXIDIZING CONDITIONS; CORROSION; PHASES; 90-DEGREES-C; METASTUDTITE; GROUNDWATER; DEHYDRATION; SOLUBILITY; MECHANISMS AB Metaschoepite, [(UO2)(8)O-2(OH)(12)](.)10H(2)O, and metastudtite, UO(4)(.)4H(2)O, are alteration phases anticipated in a spent nuclear fuel repository following the moist oxidation Of UO2 on a geologic time scale. Dissolved concentrations and hence potential mobility of other radionuclides in the fuel, such as the neptunyl cation (NpO2+), Will likely be determined by the extent of their partitioning into these U(VI) solids. Np-237 is of particular interest due to its potential high mobility and long half-life (2.1 x 10(6) years.) In this study, metaschoepite has been precipitated and subsequently transformed to studtite in the presence of dissolved Np. The metaschoepite and studtite solids that formed initially contained < 10 and 6500 ppm Np, respectively. Batch dissolution studies of these solids at pH 6 demonstrate release of Np that exceeds congruent dissolution of U from metastudtite; furthermore, the released Np cation remains in solution. Thus, although the Np partitions into the metastudtite solid initially, it is released to solution over time, indicating that metastudtite is not likely to serve as a host solid for Np incorporation or sorption of the neptunyl cation on long time scales. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Radiochem Sci & Engn Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Clark, SB (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Radiochem Sci & Engn Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM s_clark@wsu.edu RI Buck, Edgar/D-4288-2009; Buck, Edgar/N-7820-2013; OI Buck, Edgar/0000-0001-5101-9084; Douglas, Matthew/0000-0001-9708-1780 NR 41 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 11 BP 4117 EP 4124 DI 10.1021/es0405169 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 933VY UT WOS:000229662200040 PM 15984790 ER PT J AU Liu, CX Zachara, JM Zhong, LR Kukkadupa, R Szecsody, JE Kennedy, DW AF Liu, CX Zachara, JM Zhong, LR Kukkadupa, R Szecsody, JE Kennedy, DW TI Influence of sediment bioreduction and reoxidation on uranium sorption SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE COMPLEXATION MODEL; METAL-REDUCING BACTERIUM; SUBSURFACE SEDIMENTS; REDUCTION; ADSORPTION; U(VI); IRON; SITE; SOIL; GOETHITE AB The influence of sediment bioreduction and reoxidation on U(VI) sorption was studied using Fe(Ill) oxide-containing saprolite from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Oak Ridge site. Bioreduced sediments were generated by anoxic incubation with a metal-reducing bacterium, Shewanella putrefaciens strain CN32, supplied with lactate as an electron donor. The reduced sediments were subsequently reoxidized by air contact. U(VI) sorption was studied in NaNO3-HCO3 electrolytes that were both closed and open to atmosphere and where pH, U(VI), and carbonate concentration were varied. Mossbauer spectroscopy and chemical analyses showed that 50% of the Fe(III)oxides were reduced to Fe(II) that was sorbed to the sediment during incubation with CN32. However,this reduction and subsequent reoxidation of the sorbed Fe(II) had negligible influence on the rate and extent of U sorption or the extractability of sorbed U by 0.2 mol/L NaHCO3. Various results indicated that U(VI) surface complexation was the primary process responsible for uranyl sorption by the bioreduced and reoxidized sediments. A two-site, nonelectrostatic surface complexation model best described U(VI) adsorption under variable pH, carbonate, and U(VI) conditions. A ferrihydrite-based diffuse double layer model provided a better estimation of U(VI) adsorption without parameter adjustment than did a goethite-based model, even though a majority of the Fe(III)-oxides in the sediments were goethite. Our results highlight the complexity of the coupled U-Fe redox system and show that sorbed Fe(II) is not a universal reductant for U(VI) as commonly assumed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Liu, CX (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Chongxuan.liu@pnl.gov RI Liu, Chongxuan/C-5580-2009; OI Kennedy, David/0000-0003-0763-501X NR 58 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 6 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 11 BP 4125 EP 4133 DI 10.1021/es048501y PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 933VY UT WOS:000229662200041 PM 15984791 ER PT J AU Shaw-Allen, PL Romanek, CS Bryan, AL Brant, H Jagoe, CH AF Shaw-Allen, PL Romanek, CS Bryan, AL Brant, H Jagoe, CH TI Shifts in relative tissue delta N-15 values in snowy egret nestlings with dietary mercury exposure: A marker for increased protein degradation SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STABLE NITROGEN ISOTOPES; SATURATION ASSAY; GREAT EGRET; FOOD-WEB; TURNOVER; RATES; METALLOTHIONEIN; GLUTATHIONE; MECHANISMS; DELTA-C-13 AB Shifts in tissue nitrogen isotope composition may be a more sensitive general indicator of stress than measurement of high-turnover defensive biomolecules such as metallothionein and glutathione. As a physical resource transmitted along the trophic web, perturbations in protein nitrogen metabolism may also help resolve issues concerning the effects of contaminants on organisms and their consequential hierarchical linkages in ecotoxicology. Snowy egret nestlings (Egretta thula) fed mercury-contaminated diets of constant nitrogen isotope composition exhibited increased relative delta(15)N values in whole liver (P = 0.0011) and the acid-soluble fraction (ASF) of the liver (p = 0.0005) when compared to nestlings fed a reference diet. When nitrogen isotope data were adjusted for the source term of the diet, liver mercury concentrations corresponded with both whole liver relative N-15 enrichment (r(2) = 0.79, slope 0.009, p < 0.0001) and relative N-15 enrichment in the acid-soluble fraction of the liver (r(2) = 0.85, slope 0.026, p < 0.0001). Meanwhile, significant differences were not observed in hepatic levels of the metal-binding peptides metallothionein and glutathione despite a nearly 3-fold difference in liver mercury content. Because increases in tissue delta(15)N values result from increased rates of protein breakdown relative to synthesis, we propose that the increased relative liver delta(15)N values reflect a shift in protein metabolism. The relationship between ASF and mercury was significantly stronger (p < 0.0001) than that for whole liver, suggesting that the relationship is driven by an increase in bodily derived amino acids in the acid-soluble, free amino acid pool. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Ecotoxicol Remediat & Risk Assessment Grp, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Shaw-Allen, PL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, 26 W MLK,MS A-130, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Shaw-Allen.Patricia@EPA.gov NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 11 BP 4226 EP 4233 DI 10.1021/es0483950 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 933VY UT WOS:000229662200054 PM 15984804 ER PT J AU Snodgrass, JW Hopkins, WA Jackson, BP Baionno, JA Broughton, J AF Snodgrass, JW Hopkins, WA Jackson, BP Baionno, JA Broughton, J TI Influence of larval period on responses of overwintering green frog (Rana clamitans) larvae exposed to contaminated sediments SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE amphibians; frogs; metals; metalloids; larval development ID AMPHIBIAN METAMORPHOSIS; AMBYSTOMA-TALPOIDEUM; CATESBEIANA; DENSITY; SALAMANDERS; TADPOLES; SIZE; RECRUITMENT; ELEMENTS; GROWTH AB Pond-breeding amphibians exhibit large intra- and interspecific differences in the duration of the aquatic larval phase. In contaminated aquatic environments, a prolonged larval phase means prolonged exposure to pollutants and, potentially, more severe toxic effects. In the laboratory, we tested this hypothesis by exposing green frog larvae (Rana clamitans) to commercial clean sand (control), sediment from an abandoned surface mine (mine), or sediment contaminated with coal combustion waste (CCW). By collecting eggs late in the breeding season, we obligated larvae to overwinter and spend a protracted amount of time exposed to contaminated sediments. The experiment was continued until all larvae either successfully completed metamorphosis or died (301 d). Larvae exposed to mine sediments accumulated significant levels of Pb and Zn, whereas larvae exposed to CCW-contaminated sediment accumulated significant levels of As, Se, Sr, and V. Larvae exposed to mine sediments suffered sublethal effects in the form of reduced growth and size at metamorphosis, but the proportion of larvae successfully completing metamorphosis (93%) was the same for both control and mine treatments. In contrast, larvae exposed to CCW-contaminated sediment suffered greatly reduced survival (13%) compared to both control and mine treatments. Moreover, among larvae in the CCW treatment, the majority of mortality occurred during the latter part the overwintering period (after day 205), corresponding to the onset of metamorphosis in the controls. Our results suggest that the length of the larval period may be one of many life-history or ecological characteristics that influence the sensitivity of aquatic breeding amphibians to environmental pollutants. C1 Towson State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Snodgrass, JW (reprint author), Towson State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. EM jsnodgrass@towson.edu RI Snodgrass, Joel/C-5288-2016 NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 14 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1508 EP 1514 DI 10.1897/04-339R1.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 926RN UT WOS:000229140400026 PM 16117129 ER PT J AU Jandel, M Kliman, J Krupa, L Morhac, M Hamilton, JH Kormicki, J Ramayya, A Hwang, JK Luo, YX Fong, D Gore, P Ter-Akopian, GM Oganessian, YT Rodin, AM Fomichev, AS Popeko, GS Daniel, AV Rasmussen, JO Macchiavelli, AO Stoyer, MA Donangelo, R Cole, JD AF Jandel, M Kliman, J Krupa, L Morhac, M Hamilton, JH Kormicki, J Ramayya, A Hwang, JK Luo, YX Fong, D Gore, P Ter-Akopian, GM Oganessian, YT Rodin, AM Fomichev, AS Popeko, GS Daniel, AV Rasmussen, JO Macchiavelli, AO Stoyer, MA Donangelo, R Cole, JD TI Angular momenta of fission fragments in the a-accompanied fission of Cf-252 SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RAY MULTIPLICITY; RATIOS; YIELDS; MODEL AB For the first time, average angular momenta of the ternary fission fragments Zr-100,Zr-102, Mo-106, Ba-144,Ba-146 and Xe-138,Xe-140,Xe-142 from the alpha-accompanied fission of Cf-252 were obtained from relative intensities of prompt gamma-ray transitions with the use of the statistical model calculation. Average values of the angular momenta were compared with the corresponding values for the same fission fragments from the binary fission of Cf-252. Results indicate the presence of a decreasing trend in the average values of angular momenta induced in ternary fission fragments compared to the same binary fission fragments. On the average, the total angular momentum extracted for ternary fission fragments is similar to 1.4 h lower than in binary fission. Consequently, results indicate that the mechanism of the ternary a-particles emission may directly effect an induction of angular momenta of fission fragments, and possible scenarios of such mechanisms are discussed. Further, the dependence of the angular momenta of Mo-106 and Xe-140 on the number of emitted neutrons from correlated pairs of primary fragments was obtained also showing a decreasing dependence of average angular momenta with increasing number of emitted neutrons. Consequences are briefly discussed. C1 Slovak Acad Sci, Dept Nucl Phys, Bratislava, Slovakia. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37835 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Flerov Lab Nucl React, Dubna, Russia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, BR-21945970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Jandel, M (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Dept Nucl Phys, Dubravska Cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovakia. EM jandel@comp.tamu.edu NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD JUN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3 BP 373 EP 378 DI 10.1140/epja/i2004-10237-y PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 948GV UT WOS:000230705000005 ER PT J AU Morand, L Dore, D Garcon, M Guidal, M Laget, JM Morrow, S Sabatie, F Smith, E Adams, G Arnbrozewicz, P Anghinolfi, M Asryan, G Audit, G Avakian, H Bagdasaryan, H Ball, J Ball, JP Baltzell, NA Barrow, S Batourine, V Battaglieri, M Bektasoglu, M Bellis, M Benmouna, N Berman, BL Biselli, AS Boiarinov, S Bonner, BE Bouchigny, S Bradford, R Branford, D Briscoe, WJ Brooks, WK Bultmann, S Burkert, VD Butuceanu, C Calarco, JR Careccia, SL Carman, DS Cazes, A Chen, S Cole, PL Cords, D Corvisiero, P Crabb, D Cummings, JP De Sanctis, E DeVita, R Degtyarenko, PV Denizli, H Dennis, L Deur, A Dharmawardane, KV Dhuga, KS Djalali, C Dodge, GE Donnelly, J Doughty, D Dugger, M Dytman, S Dzyubak, OP Egiyan, H Egiyan, KS Elouadrhiri, L Eugenio, P Fatemi, R Feldman, G Fersch, RG Feuerbach, RJ Funsten, H Gavalian, G Gilfoyle, GP Giovanetti, KL Girod, FX Goetz, JT Gordon, CIO Gothe, RW Griffioen, KA Guillo, M Guler, N Guo, L Gyurjyan, V Hadjidakis, C Hakobyan, RS Hardie, J Heddle, D Hersman, FW Hicks, K Hleiqawi, I Holtrop, M Hyde-Wright, CE Ilieva, Y Ireland, DG Ito, MM Jenkins, D Jo, HS Joo, K Juengst, HG Kellie, JD Khandaker, M Kim, W Klein, A Klein, FJ Klimenko, AV Kossov, M Kubarovski, V Kramer, LH Kuhn, SE Kuhn, J Lachniet, J Langhenirich, J Lawrence, D Lee, T Li, J Livingston, K Marchand, C Maximon, LC McAleer, S McKinnon, B McNabb, JWC Mecking, BA Mehrabyan, S Melone, JJ Mestayer, MD Meyer, CA Mikhailov, K Minehart, R Mirazita, M Miskimen, R Mokeev, V Mueller, J Mutchler, GS Napolitano, J Nasseripour, R Niccolai, S Niculescu, G Niculescu, I Niczyporuk, BB Niyazov, RA Nozar, M O'Rielly, GV Osipenko, M Ostrovidov, AI Park, K Pasyuk, E Philips, SA Pivnyuk, N Pocanic, D Pogorelko, O Polli, E Popa, I Pozdniakov, S Preedom, BM Price, JW Prok, Y Protopopescu, D Raue, BA Riccardi, G Ricco, G Ripani, M Ritchie, BG Ronchetti, F Rosner, G Rossi, P Rubin, PD Salgado, C Santoro, JP Sapunenko, V Schumacher, RA Serov, VS Sharabian, YG Shaw, J Skabelin, AV Smith, LC Sober, DI Stavinsky, A Stepanyan, S Stepanyan, SS Stokes, BE Stoler, P Strakovsky, II Strauch, S Taiuti, M Tedeschi, DJ Thoma, U Tkabladze, A Todor, L Tur, C Ungaro, M Vineyard, MF Vlassov, AV Weinstein, LB Weygand, DP Williams, M Wolin, E Wood, MH Yegneswaran, A Zana, L AF Morand, L Dore, D Garcon, M Guidal, M Laget, JM Morrow, S Sabatie, F Smith, E Adams, G Arnbrozewicz, P Anghinolfi, M Asryan, G Audit, G Avakian, H Bagdasaryan, H Ball, J Ball, JP Baltzell, NA Barrow, S Batourine, V Battaglieri, M Bektasoglu, M Bellis, M Benmouna, N Berman, BL Biselli, AS Boiarinov, S Bonner, BE Bouchigny, S Bradford, R Branford, D Briscoe, WJ Brooks, WK Bultmann, S Burkert, VD Butuceanu, C Calarco, JR Careccia, SL Carman, DS Cazes, A Chen, S Cole, PL Cords, D Corvisiero, P Crabb, D Cummings, JP De Sanctis, E DeVita, R Degtyarenko, PV Denizli, H Dennis, L Deur, A Dharmawardane, KV Dhuga, KS Djalali, C Dodge, GE Donnelly, J Doughty, D Dugger, M Dytman, S Dzyubak, OP Egiyan, H Egiyan, KS Elouadrhiri, L Eugenio, P Fatemi, R Feldman, G Fersch, RG Feuerbach, RJ Funsten, H Gavalian, G Gilfoyle, GP Giovanetti, KL Girod, FX Goetz, JT Gordon, CIO Gothe, RW Griffioen, KA Guillo, M Guler, N Guo, L Gyurjyan, V Hadjidakis, C Hakobyan, RS Hardie, J Heddle, D Hersman, FW Hicks, K Hleiqawi, I Holtrop, M Hyde-Wright, CE Ilieva, Y Ireland, DG Ito, MM Jenkins, D Jo, HS Joo, K Juengst, HG Kellie, JD Khandaker, M Kim, W Klein, A Klein, FJ Klimenko, AV Kossov, M Kubarovski, V Kramer, LH Kuhn, SE Kuhn, J Lachniet, J Langhenirich, J Lawrence, D Lee, T Li, J Livingston, K Marchand, C Maximon, LC McAleer, S McKinnon, B McNabb, JWC Mecking, BA Mehrabyan, S Melone, JJ Mestayer, MD Meyer, CA Mikhailov, K Minehart, R Mirazita, M Miskimen, R Mokeev, V Mueller, J Mutchler, GS Napolitano, J Nasseripour, R Niccolai, S Niculescu, G Niculescu, I Niczyporuk, BB Niyazov, RA Nozar, M O'Rielly, GV Osipenko, M Ostrovidov, AI Park, K Pasyuk, E Philips, SA Pivnyuk, N Pocanic, D Pogorelko, O Polli, E Popa, I Pozdniakov, S Preedom, BM Price, JW Prok, Y Protopopescu, D Raue, BA Riccardi, G Ricco, G Ripani, M Ritchie, BG Ronchetti, F Rosner, G Rossi, P Rubin, PD Salgado, C Santoro, JP Sapunenko, V Schumacher, RA Serov, VS Sharabian, YG Shaw, J Skabelin, AV Smith, LC Sober, DI Stavinsky, A Stepanyan, S Stepanyan, SS Stokes, BE Stoler, P Strakovsky, II Strauch, S Taiuti, M Tedeschi, DJ Thoma, U Tkabladze, A Todor, L Tur, C Ungaro, M Vineyard, MF Vlassov, AV Weinstein, LB Weygand, DP Williams, M Wolin, E Wood, MH Yegneswaran, A Zana, L CA CLAS Collaboration TI Deeply virtual and exclusive electroproduction of omega-mesons SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; VECTOR-MESONS; SCATTERING; PHOTON; HYDROGEN; SPIN; CLAS AB The exclusive w electroproduction off the proton was studied in a large kinematical domain above the nucleon resonance region and for the highest possible photon virtuality (Q(2)) with the 5.75 GeV beam at CEBAF and the CLAS spectrometer. Cross-sections were measured up to large values of the four-momentum transfer (-t < 2.7 GeV2) to the proton. The contributions of the interference terms sigma(TT) and sigma(TL) to the cross-sections, as well as an analysis of the w spin density matrix, indicate that helicity is not conserved in this process. The t-channel pi(0) exchange, or more generally the exchange of the associated Regge trajectory, seems to dominate the reaction gamma*p -> wp, even for Q(2) as large as 5 GeV2. Contributions of handbag diagrams, related to Generalized Parton Distributions in the nucleon, are therefore difficult to extract for this process. Remarkably, the high-t behaviour of the cross-sections is nearly Q(2)-independent, which may be interpreted as a coupling of the photon to a point-like object in this kinematical limit. C1 CEA Saclay, Serv Phys Nucl, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Inst Phys Nucl, F-91406 Orsay, France. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelrator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Giessen, Inst Phys, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, RM, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Idaho State Univ, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. Univ Bonn, Inst Strahlen & Kernphys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. James Madison Univ, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Gen Nucl Phys Inst, Moscow 119899, Russia. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Union Coll, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. RP CEA Saclay, Serv Phys Nucl, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM mgarcon@cea.fr RI Sabatie, Franck/K-9066-2015; Osipenko, Mikhail/N-8292-2015; Ireland, David/E-8618-2010; Bektasoglu, Mehmet/A-2074-2012; Protopopescu, Dan/D-5645-2012; riccardi, gabriele/A-9269-2012; Zana, Lorenzo/H-3032-2012; Brooks, William/C-8636-2013; Schumacher, Reinhard/K-6455-2013 OI Sabatie, Franck/0000-0001-7031-3975; Osipenko, Mikhail/0000-0001-9618-3013; Hyde, Charles/0000-0001-7282-8120; Sapunenko, Vladimir/0000-0003-1877-9043; Bellis, Matthew/0000-0002-6353-6043; Ireland, David/0000-0001-7713-7011; Brooks, William/0000-0001-6161-3570; Schumacher, Reinhard/0000-0002-3860-1827 NR 36 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 EI 1434-601X J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD JUN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3 BP 445 EP 458 DI 10.1140/epja/i2005-10032-4 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 948GV UT WOS:000230705000013 ER PT J AU Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Angelis, ALS Antonenko, V Arefiev, V Astakhov, V Avdeitchikov, V Awes, TC Baba, PVKS Badyal, SK Bathe, S Batiounia, B Bernier, T Bhatia, VS Blume, C Bucher, D Busching, H Carlen, L Chattopadhyay, S Decowski, MP Delagrange, H Donni, P Majumdar, MRD Dubey, AK El Chenawi, K Enosawa, K Fokin, S Frolov, V Ganti, MS Garpman, S Gavrishchuk, O Geurts, FJM Ghosh, TK Glasow, R Gupta, R Guskov, B Gustafsson, HA Gutbrod, HH Hrivnacova, I Ippolitov, M Kalechofsky, H Kamermans, R Karadjev, K Karpio, K Kolb, BW Kosarev, I Koutcheryaev, I Kugler, A Kulinich, P Kurata, M Lebedev, A Lohner, H Luquin, L Mahapatra, DP Manko, V Martin, M Martinez, G Maximov, A Miake, Y Mishra, GC Mohanty, B Mora, MJ Morrison, D Moukhanova, T Mukhopadhyay, DS Naef, H Nandi, BK Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Nianine, A Nikitine, V Nikolaev, S Nilsson, P Nishimura, S Nomokonov, P Nystrand, J Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Peitzmann, T Peressounko, D Phatak, SC Pinganaud, W Plasil, F Purschke, ML Rak, J Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Rao, NK Retiere, F Reygers, K Roland, G Rosselet, L Roufanov, I Roy, C Rubio, JM Sambyal, SS Santo, R Sato, S Schlagheck, H Schmidt, HR Schutz, Y Shabratova, G Shah, TH Sharma, A Sibiriak, I Siemiarczuk, T Silvermyr, D Sinha, BC Slavine, N Soderstrom, K Sood, G Sorensen, SP Stankus, P Stefanek, G Steinberg, P Stenlund, E Sumbera, M Svensson, T Tsvetkov, A Tykarski, L van der Phjll, EC van Eijndhoven, N van Nieuwenhuizen, GJ Vinogradov, A Viyogi, YP Vodopianov, A Voros, S Wyslouch, B Young, GR AF Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Angelis, ALS Antonenko, V Arefiev, V Astakhov, V Avdeitchikov, V Awes, TC Baba, PVKS Badyal, SK Bathe, S Batiounia, B Bernier, T Bhatia, VS Blume, C Bucher, D Busching, H Carlen, L Chattopadhyay, S Decowski, MP Delagrange, H Donni, P Majumdar, MRD Dubey, AK El Chenawi, K Enosawa, K Fokin, S Frolov, V Ganti, MS Garpman, S Gavrishchuk, O Geurts, FJM Ghosh, TK Glasow, R Gupta, R Guskov, B Gustafsson, HA Gutbrod, HH Hrivnacova, I Ippolitov, M Kalechofsky, H Kamermans, R Karadjev, K Karpio, K Kolb, BW Kosarev, I Koutcheryaev, I Kugler, A Kulinich, P Kurata, M Lebedev, A Lohner, H Luquin, L Mahapatra, DP Manko, V Martin, M Martinez, G Maximov, A Miake, Y Mishra, GC Mohanty, B Mora, MJ Morrison, D Moukhanova, T Mukhopadhyay, DS Naef, H Nandi, BK Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Nianine, A Nikitine, V Nikolaev, S Nilsson, P Nishimura, S Nomokonov, P Nystrand, J Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Peitzmann, T Peressounko, D Phatak, SC Pinganaud, W Plasil, F Purschke, ML Rak, J Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Rao, NK Retiere, F Reygers, K Roland, G Rosselet, L Roufanov, I Roy, C Rubio, JM Sambyal, SS Santo, R Sato, S Schlagheck, H Schmidt, HR Schutz, Y Shabratova, G Shah, TH Sharma, A Sibiriak, I Siemiarczuk, T Silvermyr, D Sinha, BC Slavine, N Soderstrom, K Sood, G Sorensen, SP Stankus, P Stefanek, G Steinberg, P Stenlund, E Sumbera, M Svensson, T Tsvetkov, A Tykarski, L van der Phjll, EC van Eijndhoven, N van Nieuwenhuizen, GJ Vinogradov, A Viyogi, YP Vodopianov, A Voros, S Wyslouch, B Young, GR CA WA98 Collaborat TI Azimuthal anisotropy of photon and charged particle emission in Pb-208+Pb-208 collisions at 158 center dot A GeV/c SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English Estonian DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; RELATIVISTIC NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; OF-PLANE EMISSION; ELLIPTIC FLOW; AU+AU COLLISIONS; COLLECTIVE FLOW; CENTRALITY DEPENDENCE; MULTIPLICITY DETECTOR; TRANSVERSE ENERGY; PB+PB COLLISIONS AB The azimuthal distributions of photons and charged particles with respect to the event plane are investigated as a function of centrality in Pb-208 + Pb-208 collisions at 158 (.) A GeV/c in the WA98 experiment at the CERN SPS. The anisotropy of the azimuthal distributions is characterized using a Fourier analysis. For both the photon and charged particle distributions the first two Fourier coefficients are observed to decrease with increasing centrality. The observed anisotropies of the photon distributions compare well with the expectations from the charged particle measurements for all centralities. C1 Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. Variable Energy Cyclotron Ctr, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Punjabi Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Geselssch Schwerionenforsch GSI, D-64220 Darmstadt, Germany. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Groningen, KVI, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands. Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37966 USA. Lund Univ, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. RRC Kurchatov Inst, Moscow 123812, Russia. Univ Munster, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Ecole Mines, SUBATECH, Nantes, France. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Inst Phys Nucl, Rez 25068, Czech Republic. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Univ Utrecht, NIKHEF, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. RP Aggarwal, MM (reprint author), Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. RI Decowski, Patrick/A-4341-2011; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Lohner, Herbert/B-2397-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014 OI Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Lohner, Herbert/0000-0002-7441-739X; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323 NR 53 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUN PY 2005 VL 41 IS 3 BP 287 EP 296 DI 10.1140/epjc/s2005-02249-2 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 953ZI UT WOS:000231123500002 ER PT J AU Kutak, K Stasto, AM AF Kutak, K Stasto, AM TI The unintegrated gluon distribution from the modified BK equation SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; HIGH-ENERGY SCATTERING; POMERON FAN DIAGRAMS; SMALL-X; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; NONLINEAR EVOLUTION; BFKL EQUATION; IMPACT PARAMETER; PERTURBATIVE QCD; LARGE NUCLEI AB We investigate the recently proposed non-linear equation for the unintegrated gluon distribution function which includes the subleading effects at small x. We obtained numerically the solution to this equation in ( x, k) space, and also the integrated gluon density. The subleading effects affect strongly the normalization and the x and k dependence of the gluon distribution. We show that the saturation scale Qs( x), which is obtained from this model, is consistent with the one used in the saturation model by Golec-Biernat and Wusthoff. We also estimate the non-linear effects by looking at the relative normalization of the solutions to the linear and non-linear equations. It turns out that the differences are quite large even in the nominally dilute regime, that is when Q(2) >> Q(s)(2). Finally, we calculate the dipole-nucleon cross section. C1 Univ Hamburg, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nucl Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst Phys Nucl, Krakow, Poland. DESY, Theory Grp, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. RP Kutak, K (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Inst Theoret Phys 2, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. EM kutak@mail.desy.de NR 67 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUN PY 2005 VL 41 IS 3 BP 343 EP 351 DI 10.1140/epjc/s2005-02223-0 PG 9 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 953ZI UT WOS:000231123500008 ER PT J AU Agakichieva, G Appelshauser, H Bielcikova, J Baur, R Braun-Munzinger, P Cherlin, A Damjanovic, S Drees, A Esumi, S Faschingbauer, U Fraenkel, Z Fuchs, C Gatti, E Glassel, P Hering, G Heros, CPD Holl, P Jung, C Lenkeit, B Marin, A Messer, F Messer, M Miskowiec, D Nix, O Panebrattsev, Y Pfeiffer, A Rak, J Ravinovich, I Razin, S Rehak, P Richter, M Sampietro, M Sako, H Saveljic, N Schmitz, W Schukraft, J Seipp, W Shimanskiy, S Socol, E Specht, HJ Stachel, J Tel-Zur, G Tserruya, I Ullrich, T Voigt, C Voloshin, S Weber, C Wessels, JP Wienold, T Wurm, JP Yurevich, V AF Agakichieva, G Appelshauser, H Bielcikova, J Baur, R Braun-Munzinger, P Cherlin, A Damjanovic, S Drees, A Esumi, S Faschingbauer, U Fraenkel, Z Fuchs, C Gatti, E Glassel, P Hering, G Heros, CPD Holl, P Jung, C Lenkeit, B Marin, A Messer, F Messer, M Miskowiec, D Nix, O Panebrattsev, Y Pfeiffer, A Rak, J Ravinovich, I Razin, S Rehak, P Richter, M Sampietro, M Sako, H Saveljic, N Schmitz, W Schukraft, J Seipp, W Shimanskiy, S Socol, E Specht, HJ Stachel, J Tel-Zur, G Tserruya, I Ullrich, T Voigt, C Voloshin, S Weber, C Wessels, JP Wienold, T Wurm, JP Yurevich, V CA CERES Collaboration TI e(+)e(-) -pair production in Pb-Au collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Review ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; CHIRAL-SYMMETRY RESTORATION; SILICON DRIFT DETECTOR; SUPER PROTON SYNCHROTRON; ELECTRON-PAIR PRODUCTION; HIDDEN LOCAL SYMMETRY; CERES RICH DETECTORS; QCD PHASE-TRANSITION; RHO-MESON; DILEPTON PRODUCTION AB We present the combined results on electron-pair production in 158 GeV/n Pb-Au (root s= 17.2 GeV) collisions taken at the CERN SPS in 1995 and 1996, and give a detailed account of the data analysis. The enhancement over the reference of neutral meson decays amounts to a factor of 2.31 +/- 0.19 ( stat.) +/- 0.55 ( syst.) +/- 0.69 ( decays) for semi-central collisions ( 28% sigma/sigma(geo)) when yields are integrated over m > 200 MeV/c(2) in invariant mass. The measured yield, its stronger-than-linear scaling with N-ch, and the dominance of low pair p(t) strongly suggest an interpretation as thermal radiation from pion annihilation in the hadronic fireball. The shape of the excess centring at m approximate to 500 MeV/c(2), however, cannot be described without strong medium modi. cations of the. meson. The results are put into perspective by comparison to predictions from Brown-Rho scaling governed by chiral symmetry restoration, and from the spectral-function many-body treatment in which the approach to the phase boundary is less explicit. C1 GSI Darmstadt, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69229 Heidelberg, Germany. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11974 USA. Politecn Milan, Ist Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11793 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, High Energy Lab, Dubna 141980, Russia. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. RP Univ Giessen, Inst Phys 2, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. RI Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Sampietro, Marco/A-3732-2016; OI Sampietro, Marco/0000-0003-4825-9612; Perez de los Heros, Carlos/0000-0002-2084-5866 NR 141 TC 126 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUN PY 2005 VL 41 IS 4 BP 475 EP 513 DI 10.1140/epjc/s2005-02272-3 PG 39 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 953ZJ UT WOS:000231123600004 ER PT J AU Boyard, N Vayer, A Sinturel, C Seifert, S Erre, R AF Boyard, N Vayer, A Sinturel, C Seifert, S Erre, R TI Investigation of phase separation mechanisms of thermoset polymer blends by time-resolved SAXS SO EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE phase separation; unsaturated polyester resin; low profile additive; spinodal decomposition; small angle X-ray scattering ID UNSATURATED POLYESTER RESINS; CROSS-LINKING COPOLYMERIZATION; X-RAY-SCATTERING; SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; KINETICS; NUCLEATION; ADDITIVES; GROWTH; GELS AB Phase separation induced by crosslinking was studied by time-resolved small angle X-ray scattering in thermoset blend based on unsaturated polyester, styrene and low molar weight saturated polyester as low profile additive. The scattering intensities were analyzed using the Cahn-Hilliard-Cook theory. Combining DSC and DMA experiments allowed us to conclude that phase separation proceeded via spinodal decomposition frozen in the early stage. Apparent diffusion coefficients D-app were estimated. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Rech Mat Divisee, F-45071 Orleans, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Vayer, A (reprint author), Ctr Rech Mat Divisee, 1 B Rue Ferollerie, F-45071 Orleans, France. EM marylene.vayer@univ-orleans.fr NR 26 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0014-3057 J9 EUR POLYM J JI Eur. Polym. J. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1333 EP 1341 DI 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2005.01.005 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 926RH UT WOS:000229139800021 ER PT J AU Dudarev, AM Marder, M Niu, Q Fisch, NJ Raizen, MG AF Dudarev, AM Marder, M Niu, Q Fisch, NJ Raizen, MG TI Statistical mechanics of an optical phase space compressor SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; SPIN-POLARIZED HYDROGEN; SODIUM ATOMS; GAS AB We describe the statistical mechanics of a new method to produce very cold atoms or molecules. The method results from trapping a gas in a potential well, and sweeping through the well a semi-permeable barrier, one that allows particles to leave but not to return. If the sweep is sufficiently slow, all the particles trapped in the well compress into a very cold gas. We derive analytical expressions for the velocity distribution of particles in the cold gas, compare these results with numerical simulations, and discuss limitations on reduction in energy due to imperfections of the barrier. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Nonlinear Dynam, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Dudarev, AM (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RI Niu, Qian/G-9908-2013 NR 18 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 70 IS 6 BP 761 EP 767 DI 10.1209/epl/i2005-10051-1 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 941JH UT WOS:000230210600009 ER PT J AU Hastings, MB AF Hastings, MB TI Sufficient conditions for topological order in insulators SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPIN CHAINS; SYSTEMS; GAP AB We prove the existence of low-energy excitations in insulating systems at general filling factor under certain conditions, and discuss in which cases these may be identified as topological excitations. In the specific case of half-filling this proof provides a significantly shortened proof of the recent higher-dimensional Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies & Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies & Theoret Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hastings@lanl.gov NR 11 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 70 IS 6 BP 824 EP 830 DI 10.1209/epl/i2005-10046-x PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 941JH UT WOS:000230210600018 ER PT J AU Singh, GK Golovin, AA Aranson, IS Vinokur, VM AF Singh, GK Golovin, AA Aranson, IS Vinokur, VM TI Formation of nanoscale pore arrays during anodization of aluminum SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANODIC ALUMINA; POROUS ALUMINA; OXIDE; STABILITY; GROWTH; FILMS; INSTABILITY; OXIDATION AB A theory of the spontaneous formation of spatially regular hexagonal arrays of nanopores in aluminum oxide film growing during aluminum anodization is presented. Linear stability analysis shows that, in certain ranges of the applied voltage and electrolyte pH, the oxide film is unstable with respect to perturbations with a well-defined wavelength. The instability is caused by a positive feedback between the oxidation- dissolution rates and variations of electric field caused by perturbations of the metal-oxide and oxide-electrolyte interfaces. The competition between this instability and the stabilizing effects of the Laplace pressure and elastic stress provides the wavelength selection mechanism. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Appl Math, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Northwestern Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Appl Math, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Golovin, Alexander/B-7355-2009; Aranson, Igor/I-4060-2013 NR 29 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 70 IS 6 BP 836 EP 842 DI 10.1209/epl/i2005-10039-9 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 941JH UT WOS:000230210600020 ER PT J AU Alexandrino, J Baird, SJE Lawson, L Macey, JR Moritz, C Wake, DB AF Alexandrino, J Baird, SJE Lawson, L Macey, JR Moritz, C Wake, DB TI Strong selection against hybrids at a hybrid zone in the Ensatina ring species complex and its evolutionary implications SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE concordant clines; Ensatina eschscholtzii; hybrid zones; linkage disequilibrium; maximum likelihood; ring species; selection against hybrids; speciation ID FIRE-BELLIED TOADS; GENE FLOW; BOMBINA-BOMBINA; B-VARIEGATA; ESCHSCHOLTZII; SPECIATION; CALIFORNIA; CLINES; PHRYNOSOMATIDAE; PLETHODONTIDAE AB The analysis of interactions between lineages at varying levels of genetic divergence can provide insights into the process of speciation through the accumulation of incompatible mutations. Ring species, and especially the Ensatina eschscholtzii system exemplify this approach. The plethodontid salamanders E. eschscholtzii xanthoptica and E. eschscholtzii platensis hybridize in the central Sierran foothills of California. We compared the genetic structure across two transects (southern and northern Calaveras Co.), one of which was resampled over 20 years, and examined diagnostic molecular markers (eight allozyme loci and mitochondrial DNA) and a diagnostic quantitative trait (color pattern). Key results across all studies were: (1) cline centers for all markers were coincident and the zones were narrow, with width estimates of 730 m to 2000 in; (2) cline centers at the northern Calaveras transect were coincident between 1981 and 2001, demonstrating repeatability over five generations; (3) there were very few if any putative F(1)s, but a relatively high number of backcrossed individuals in the central portion of transects; and (4) we found substantial linkage disequilibrium in all three studies and strong heterozygote deficit both in northern Calaveras, in 2001, and southern Calaveras. Both linkage disequilibrium and heterozygote deficit showed maximum values near the center of the zones. Using estimates of cline width and dispersal, we infer strong selection against hybrids. This is sufficient to promote accumulation of differences at loci that are neutral or under divergent selection, but would still allow for introgression of adaptive alleles. The evidence for strong but incomplete isolation across this centrally located contact is consistent with theory suggesting a gradual increase in postzygotic incompatibility between allopatric populations subject to divergent selection and reinforces the value of Ensatina as a system for the study of divergence and speciation at multiple stages. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Joint Genome Inst, Dept Evolutionary Genom, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Alexandrino, J (reprint author), Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Zool, Inst Biociencias, BR-13506900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM llawson@uchicago.edu; jrmacey@lbl.gov; cmoritz@berkeley.edu; wakelab@berkeley.edu RI Baird, Stuart/B-3872-2011; Moritz, Craig/A-7755-2012; Alexandrino, Joao/B-7603-2012 NR 58 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 28 PU SOC STUDY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD JUN PY 2005 VL 59 IS 6 BP 1334 EP 1347 PG 14 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 939MQ UT WOS:000230077500016 PM 16050109 ER PT J AU Liu, C AF Liu, C TI On the minimum size of representative volume element: An experimental investigation SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE heterogeneous materials; representative volume element; digital image correlation ID DIGITAL-IMAGE-CORRELATION; ELASTIC COMPOSITES; POLYCRYSTALS AB In this paper, the minimum size of the representative volume element (RVE) of a heterogeneous material is determined experimentally using the digital image correlation technique. Experiments of uniaxial compression and thermal expansion were conducted on PBS 9501, a high explosive simulant material. The minimum size of the RVE of the PBS 9501 heterogeneous material, where the average crystal diameter of the material is of the order of 100 Rm, was determined to be approximately 1.5 mm. This result is consistent with numerical calculations on polycrystalline materials and some other composites. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Struct Properties Relat Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Liu, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Struct Properties Relat Mat Sci & Technol Div, MST 8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cliu@lanl.gov NR 12 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0014-4851 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 45 IS 3 BP 238 EP 243 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 926WH UT WOS:000229153900006 ER PT J AU Shen, YF Smith, RD AF Shen, YF Smith, RD TI Advanced nanoscale separations and mass spectrometry for sensitive high-throughput proteomics SO EXPERT REVIEW OF PROTEOMICS LA English DT Review DE mass spectrometry; MS/MS; nano-ESI; nano-LC; nano-LC/MS; nano-LC/MS/MS; nanoscale proteomics; proteomics ID ION-CYCLOTRON RESONANCE; CAPILLARY LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; DYNAMIC-RANGE; ACCURATE MASS; INNER DIAMETERS; NARROW-BORE; Q-TOF; PEPTIDE; ELECTROSPRAY AB Recent developments in combined separations with mass spectrometry for sensitive and high-throughput proteomic analyses are reviewed herein. These developments primarily involve high-efficiency (separation peak capacities of similar to 10(3)) nanoscale liquid chromatography (flow rates extending down to approximately 20 nl/min at optimal liquid mobile-phase separation linear velocities through narrow packed capillaries) in combination with advanced mass spectrometry and in particular, high-sensitivity and high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Such approaches enable analysis of low nanogram level proteomic samples (i.e., nanoscale proteomics) with individual protein identification sensitivity at the low zeptomole level. The resultant protein measurement dynamic range can approach 10(6) for nanogram-sized proteomic samples, while more abundant proteins can be detected from subpicogram-sized (total) proteome samples. These qualifies provide the foundation for proteomics studies of single or small populations of cells. The instrumental robustness required for automation and providing high-quality routine performance nanoscale proteomic analyses is also discussed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM yufeng.shen@pnl.gov; rds@pnl.gov RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR018522]; NHGRI NIH HHS [P50 HG02370] NR 67 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 18 PU FUTURE DRUGS LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FL, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEYY CENTRAL, LONDON N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1478-9450 J9 EXPERT REV PROTEOMIC JI Expert Rev. Proteomics PD JUN PY 2005 VL 2 IS 3 BP 431 EP 447 DI 10.1586/14789450.2.3.431 PG 17 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 971TB UT WOS:000232406500015 PM 16000088 ER PT J AU Ponder, MA Gilmour, SJ Bergholz, PW Mindock, CA Hollingsworth, R Thomashow, MF Tiedje, JM AF Ponder, MA Gilmour, SJ Bergholz, PW Mindock, CA Hollingsworth, R Thomashow, MF Tiedje, JM TI Characterization of potential stress responses in ancient Siberian permafrost psychroactive bacteria SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Arctic Microbiology CY MAR 22-25, 2004 CL Rovaniemi, FINLAND DE permafrost; cryotolerance; low temperature; cold response; psychroactivity; salt response; psychrobacter; exiguobacterium ID MODERATELY HALOPHILIC BACTERIUM; LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; COLD SHOCK; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; LACTOCOCCUS-LACTIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MARINE BACTERIUM; FROZEN FOODS; SP NOV. AB Past studies of cold-acclimated bacteria have focused primarily on organisms not capable of sub-zero growth. Siberian permafrost isolates Exiguobacterium sp. 255-15 and Psychrobacter sp. 273-4, which grow at subzero temperatures, were used to study cold-acclimated physiology. Changes in membrane composition and exopolysaccharides were defined as a function of growth at 24, 4 and -2.5 degrees C in the presence and absence of 5% NaCl. As expected, there was a decrease in fatty acid saturation and chain length at the colder temperatures and a further decrease in the degree of saturation at higher osmolarity. A shift in carbon source utilization and antibiotic resistance occurred at 4 versus 24 degrees C growth, perhaps due to changes in the membrane transport. Some carbon substrates were used uniquely at 4 degrees C and, in general, increased antibiotic sensitivity was observed at 4 degrees C. All the permafrost strains tested were resistant to long-term freezing (I year) and were not particularly unique in their UVC tolerance. Most of the tested isolates had moderate ice nucleation activity, and particularly interesting was the fact that the Gram-positive Exiguobacterium showed some soluble ice nucleation activity. In general the features measured suggest that the Siberian organisms have adapted to the conditions of long-term freezing at least for the temperatures of the Kolyma region which are -10 to -12 degrees C where intracellular water is likely not frozen. (c) 2004 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan State Univ, Ctr Genom & Evolut Studies Microbial Life Low Tem, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Michigan State Univ, DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Tiedje, JM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Ctr Genom & Evolut Studies Microbial Life Low Tem, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM tiedjej@msu.edu RI Bergholz, Peter/C-1293-2010 NR 56 TC 55 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 1 BP 103 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.femsee.2004.12.003 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 937TM UT WOS:000229948500011 PM 16329933 ER PT J AU Brodsky, SJ AF Brodsky, SJ TI New results in light-front phenomenology SO FEW-BODY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop Light-Cone 2004 CY AUG 16-20, 2004 CL Vrije Univ, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS HO Vrije Univ ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; PERTURBATIVE QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; WAVE-FUNCTION REPRESENTATION; FINAL-STATE INTERACTIONS; DEUTERON FORM-FACTOR; LARGE RAPIDITY GAP; N GAUGE-THEORY; INTRINSIC CHARM; EXCLUSIVE PROCESSES; CONFORMAL SYMMETRY AB The light-front quantization of gauge theories in light-cone gauge provides a frame-independent wavefunction representation of relativistic bound states, simple forms for current matrix elements, explicit unitarity, and a trivial vacuum. In this talk I review the theoretical methods and constraints which can be used to determine these central elements of QCD phenomenology. The freedom to choose the light-like quantization four-vector provides an explicitly covariant formulation of light-front quantization and can be used to determine the analytic structure of light-front wave functions and define a kinematical definition of angular momentum. The AdS/CFT correspondence of large N-C supergravity theory in higher-dimensional anti-de Sitter space with supersymmetric QCD in four-dimensional space-time has interesting implications for hadron phenomenology in the conformal limit, including an all-orders demonstration of counting rules for exclusive processes. String/gauge duality also predicts the QCD power-law behavior of light-front Fock-state hadronic wavefunctions with arbitrary orbital angular momentum at high momentum transfer. The form of these near-conformal wavefunctions can be used as an initial ansatz for a variational treatment of the light-front QCD Hamiltonian. The light-front Fock-state wavefunctions encode the bound state properties of hadrons in terms of their quark and gluon degrees of freedom at the amplitude level. The nonperturbative Fock-state wavefunctions contain intrinsic gluons, and sea quarks at any scale Q with asymmetries such as s(x) #(s) over bar (x), (u) over bar (x) # (d) over bar (x). Intrinsic charm and bottom quarks appear at large x in the light-front wavefunctions since this minimizes the invariant mass and off-shellness of the higher Fock state. In the case of nuclei, the Fock state expansion contains "hidden color" states which cannot be classified in terms of nucleonic degrees of freedom. I also briefly review recent analyses which show that some leading-twist phenomena such as the diffractive component of deep inelastic scattering, single-spin asymmetries, nuclear shadowing and antishadowing cannot be computed from the LFWFs of hadrons in isolation. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Brodsky, SJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM sjbth@slac.stanford.edu NR 112 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7963 J9 FEW-BODY SYST JI Few-Body Syst. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 36 IS 1-4 BP 35 EP 52 DI 10.1007/s00601-004-0077-8 PG 18 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 933GW UT WOS:000229617900006 ER PT J AU Raufeisen, J Brodsky, SJ AF Raufeisen, J Brodsky, SJ TI Finite-temperature field theory on the light front SO FEW-BODY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop Light-Cone 2004 CY AUG 16-20, 2004 CL Vrije Univ, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS HO Vrije Univ ID ONE TIME DIMENSION; CONE QUANTIZATION; ONE SPACE AB The formulation of statistical physics using light-front quantization, instead of conventional equal-time boundary conditions, has important advantages for describing relativistic statistical systems, such as heavy ion collisions. We develop light-front field theory at finite temperature and density with special attention to quantum chromodynamics. First, we construct the most general form of the statistical operator allowed by the Poincare algebra. In light-front quantization, the Green's functions of a quark in a medium can be defined in terms of just two-component spinors and do not lead to doublers in the transverse directions. Since the theory is non-local along the light cone, we use causality arguments to construct a solution to the related zero-mode problem. A seminal property of light-front Green's functions is that they are related to parton densities in coordinate space. Namely, the diagonal and off-diagonal parton distributions measured in hard scattering experiments can be interpreted as light-front density matrices. C1 Univ Heidelberg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Raufeisen, J (reprint author), Univ Heidelberg, Inst Theoret Phys, Philosophenweg 19, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. EM J.Raufeisen@tphys.uni-heidelberg.de; sjbth@slac.stanford.edu NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7963 J9 FEW-BODY SYST JI Few-Body Syst. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 36 IS 1-4 BP 225 EP 230 DI 10.1007/s00601-004-0106-7 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 933GW UT WOS:000229617900036 ER PT J AU Weinstein, M AF Weinstein, M TI CORE: Frustrated magnets, charge fractionalization, and QCD SO FEW-BODY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop Light-Cone 2004 CY AUG 16-20, 2004 CL Vrije Univ, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS HO Vrije Univ ID LATTICE; SYMMETRY AB I explain how to use a simple method to extract the physics of lattice Hamiltonian systems which are not easily analyzed by exact or other numerical methods. I will then use this method to establish the relationship between QCD and a special class of generalized, highly frustrated anti-ferromagnets. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7963 EI 1432-5411 J9 FEW-BODY SYST JI Few-Body Syst. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 36 IS 1-4 BP 241 EP 256 DI 10.1007/s00601-004-0108-5 PG 16 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 933GW UT WOS:000229617900039 ER PT J AU YarKhan, A Dongarra, JJ AF YarKhan, A Dongarra, JJ TI Biological sequence alignment on the computational grid using the GrADS framework SO FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE GrADS project; Grid scheduling; biological sequence alignment ID SEARCH AB In spite of the existence of several grid middleware projects, developing and executing programs on the computational grid remains a user intensive process. The goal of the Grid Application Development Software (GrADS) project is to make the grid simpler to use despite the dynamically changing status of grid resources. Protein and genome sequence alignment is a basic operation in bioinformatics, and it requires large data sets and tends to be highly compute intensive. In this paper, we present work done to grid-enable a biological sequence alignment package (FASTA) and to run it under the GrADS framework. We discuss the advantages of using GrADS framework for FASTA. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dongarra, JJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM yarkhan@cs.utk.edu; dongarra@cs.utk.edu RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014 NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-739X J9 FUTURE GENER COMP SY JI Futur. Gener. Comp. Syst. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 21 IS 6 BP 980 EP 986 DI 10.1016/j.future.2005.02.002 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 938OY UT WOS:000230013900013 ER PT J AU Franco, AA Lam, WM Burgers, PM Kaufman, PD AF Franco, AA Lam, WM Burgers, PM Kaufman, PD TI Histone deposition protein Asf1 maintains DNA replisome integrity and interacts with replication factor C SO GENES & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE chromatin assembly; histone deposition; DNA replication; genome stability ID S-PHASE CHECKPOINT; ASSEMBLY FACTOR-I; CELL-CYCLE PROGRESSION; XENOPUS EGG EXTRACTS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; DAMAGE CHECKPOINT; POLYMERASE-DELTA; EUKARYOTIC CELLS; DISTINCT ROLES; HIR PROTEINS AB Chromatin assembly and DNA replication are temporally coupled, and DNA replication in the absence of histone synthesis causes inviability. Here we demonstrate that chromatin assembly factor Asf1 also affects DNA replication. in budding yeast cells lacking Asf1, the amounts of several DNA replication proteins, including replication factor C (RFC), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and DNA polymerase epsilon (Pol epsilon), are reduced at stalled replication forks. In contrast, DNA polymerase alpha (Pol alpha) accumulates to higher than normal levels at stalled forks in asf1 Delta cells. Using purified, recombinant proteins, we demonstrate that RFC directly binds Asf1 and can recruit Asf1 to DNA molecules in vitro. We conclude that histone chaperone protein Asf1 maintains a subset of replication elongation factors at stalled replication forks and directly interacts with the replication machinery. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biophys, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Kaufman, PD (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Program Gene Funct & Express, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. EM pdkaufman@lbl.gov OI Kaufman, Paul/0000-0003-3089-313X FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM32431, GM55712, R01 GM032431, R01 GM055712] NR 68 TC 91 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 2 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 0890-9369 J9 GENE DEV JI Genes Dev. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 11 BP 1365 EP 1375 DI 10.1101/gad.1305005 PG 11 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 933JE UT WOS:000229623900010 PM 15901673 ER PT J AU Price, MN Huang, KH Arkin, AP Alm, EJ AF Price, MN Huang, KH Arkin, AP Alm, EJ TI Operon formation is driven by co-regulation and not by horizontal gene transfer SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI GENOME; FACTOR-BINDING SITES; MICROBIAL GENOMES; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; SELFISH OPERONS; DATABASE; PREDICTION; PROKARYOTES; EVOLUTION; PROTEINS AB The organization of bacterial genes into operons was originally ascribed to the benefits of co-regulation. More recently, the "selfish operon" model, in which operons are formed by repeated gain and loss of genes, was proposed. Indeed, operons are often Subject to horizontal gene transfer (HGT). On the other hand, non-HGT genes are particularly likely to be in operons. To clarify whether HGT is involved in operon formation, we identified recently formed operons in Escherichia coli K12. We show that genes that have homologs in distantly related bacteria but not in close relatives of E coli - inclicating HGT - form new operons at about the same rates as native genes. Furthermore, genes in new operons are no more likely than other genes to have phylogenetic trees that are inconsistent with the species tree. In contrast, essential genes and ubiquitous genes Without paralogs - genes believed to undergo HGT rarely - often form new operons. We conclude that HGT is not a cause of operon formation but instead promotes the prevalence of pre-existing operons. To explain operon formation, we propose that new operons reduce the amount of regulatory information required to specify optimal expression patterns and infer that operons should be more likely to evolve than independent promoters when regulation is complex. Consistent with this hypothesis, operons have greater amounts of conserved regulatory sequences than do individually transcribed genes. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Alm, EJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ejalm@lbl.gov RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008; Price, Morgan/A-1266-2009; OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931; Price, Morgan/0000-0002-4251-0362 NR 44 TC 85 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 7 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 6 BP 809 EP 819 DI 10.1101/gr.3368805 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 933IW UT WOS:000229623100006 PM 15930492 ER PT J AU Hvidsten, TR Wilczynski, B Kryshtafovych, A Tiuryn, J Komorowski, J Fidelis, K AF Hvidsten, TR Wilczynski, B Kryshtafovych, A Tiuryn, J Komorowski, J Fidelis, K TI Discovering regulatory binding-site modules using rule-based learning SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION DATA; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; EUKARYOTIC GENOME; CELL-CYCLE; TRANSCRIPTION; NETWORKS; YEAST; ELEMENTS; IDENTIFICATION; CIRCUITRY AB Transcription factors regulate expression by binding selectively to sequence sites in cis-regulatory regions of genes. It is therefore reasonable to assume that genes regulated by the same transcription factors should all contain the corresponding binding sites in their regulatory regions and exhibit similar expression profiles as measured by, for example, microarray technology. We have used this assumption to analyze genome-wide yeast binding-site and microarray expression data to reveal the combinatorial nature of gene regulation. We obtained IF-THEN rules linking binding-site combinations (binding-site modules) to genes with particular expression profiles, and thereby provided testable hypotheses on the combinatorial coregulation of gene expression. We showed that genes associated with such rules have a significantly higher probability of being bound by the same transcription factors, as indicated by a genome-wide location analysis, than genes associated with only common binding sites or similar expression. Furthermore, we also found that such genes were significantly more often biologically related in terms of Gene Ontology annotations than genes only associated with common binding sites or similar expression. We analyzed expression data collected under different sets of stress conditions and found many binding-site modules that are conserved over several of these condition sets, as well as modules that are specific to particular biological responses. Our results on the reoccurrence of binding sites in different modules provide specific data on how binding sites may be combined to allow a large number of expression outcomes using relatively few transcription factors. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Uppsala Univ, Linnaeus Ctr Bioinformat, S-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Math, PL-00950 Warsaw, Poland. Warsaw Univ, Fac Math, PL-02097 Warsaw, Poland. RP Komorowski, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM jan.komorowski@lcb.uu.se; fidelis@llnl.gov RI Hvidsten, Torgeir R/A-3409-2009; Wilczynski, Bartek/A-5710-2009; Komorowski, Jan/A-9175-2010; Komorowski, Jan/M-2667-2013; OI Hvidsten, Torgeir R/0000-0001-6097-2539; Wilczynski, Bartek/0000-0002-8134-0589; Komorowski, Jan/0000-0002-0766-8789; Tiuryn, Jerzy/0000-0002-0285-5606 NR 35 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 6 BP 856 EP 866 DI 10.1101/gr.3760605 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 933IW UT WOS:000229623100011 PM 15930496 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, J Nefedov, M Bosdet, I Casals, F Calvete, O Delprat, A Shin, H Chiu, R Mathewson, C Wye, N Hoskins, RA Schein, JE de Jong, P Ruiz, A AF Gonzalez, J Nefedov, M Bosdet, I Casals, F Calvete, O Delprat, A Shin, H Chiu, R Mathewson, C Wye, N Hoskins, RA Schein, JE de Jong, P Ruiz, A TI A BAC-based physical map of the Drosophila buzzatii genome SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GENUS DROSOPHILA; MELANOGASTER; EVOLUTION; INVERSIONS; ELEMENT; CLONES; PATTERNS; SEQUENCE; HISTORY; COMPLEX AB Large-insert genomic libraries facilitate cloning of large genomic regions, allow the construction of clone-based physical maps, and provide useful resources for sequencing entire genomes. Drosophila buzzatii is a representative species of the repleta group in the Drosophila subgenus, which is being widely used as a model in Studies of genome evolution, ecological adaptation, and speciation. We constructed a Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) genomic library of D. buzzatii using the shuttle vector pTARBAC2.1. The library comprises 18,353 clones with an average insert size of 152 kb and an similar to 18x expected representation of the A buzzatii euchromatic genome. We screened the entire library with six euchromatic gene probes and estimated the actual genome representation to be similar to 23x. In addition, we fingerprinted by restriction digestion and agarose gel electrophoresis a sample of 9555 clones, and assembled them using FingerPrint Contigs (FPC) software and manual editing into 345 contigs (mean of 26 clones per contig) and 670 singletons. Finally, we anchored 181 large contigs (containing 7788 clones) to the D. buzzatii salivary gland polytene chromosomes by in Situ hybridization of 427 representative clones. The BAC library and a database with all the information regarding the high coverage BAC-based physical map described in this paper are available to the research community. C1 Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Genet & Microbiol, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain. Childrens Hosp, Oakland Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. British Columbia Canc Res Ctr, Genome Sci Ctr, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ruiz, A (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Genet & Microbiol, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain. EM Alfredo.Ruiz@uab.es RI Tang, Macy/B-9798-2014; Schein, Jacquie/G-3674-2015; Casals, Ferran/H-4347-2015; Delprat Obeaga, Alejandra/F-8007-2016; OI Casals, Ferran/0000-0002-8941-0369; Delprat Obeaga, Alejandra/0000-0002-5187-802X; Gonzalez, Josefa/0000-0001-9824-027X NR 37 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 6 BP 885 EP + DI 10.1101/gr.3263105 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 933IW UT WOS:000229623100014 PM 15930498 ER PT J AU Poulin, F Nobrega, MA Plajzer-Frick, I Holt, A Afzal, V Rubin, EM Pennacchio, LA AF Poulin, F Nobrega, MA Plajzer-Frick, I Holt, A Afzal, V Rubin, EM Pennacchio, LA TI In vivo characterization of a vertebrate ultraconserved enhancer SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE comparative genomics; Fugu; pufferfish; gene regulation; enhancer; transgenic mice ID BINDING SITES; FUGU-RUBRIPES; HUMAN GENOME; DACHSHUND; SEQUENCES; GENE; EXPRESSION; DROSOPHILA; BRAIN; IDENTIFICATION AB Genomic sequence comparisons among human, mouse, and pufferfish (Takijugu rubripes (Fugu)) have revealed a set of extremely conserved noncoding sequences. While this high degree of sequence conservation suggests severe evolutionary constraint and predicts a lack of tolerance to change to retain in vivo functionality, such elements have been minimally explored experimentally. In this study, we describe the in-depth characterization of an ancient conserved enhancer, Dc2, located near the dachshund gene, which displays a human-Fugu identity of 94% over 424 basepairs (bp). In addition to this large overall conservation, we find that Dc2 is characterized by the presence of a large block of sequence (144 bp) that is completely identical among human, mouse, chicken, zebrafish. and Fugu. Through the testing of reporter vector constructs in transgenic mice, we observed that the 424-bp Dc2-conserved element is necessary and sufficient for brain tissue enhancer activity. In vivo analyses also revealed that the 144-bp 100% conserved sequence is necessary, but not sufficient, to replicate Dc2 enhancer function. However, the introduction of two separate 16-bp insertions into the highly conserved enhancer core did not cause any delectable modification of its in vivo activity. Our observations indicate that the 144-bp 100% conserved element is tolerant of change at least at the resolution of this transgenic mouse assay and suggest that purifying selection on the Dc2 sequence might not be as strong its we predicted or that some unknown property also constrains this highly conserved enhancer sequence, (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Pennacchio, LA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Genom Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 84-171, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM LAPennacchio@lbl.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 88728] NR 31 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD JUN PY 2005 VL 85 IS 6 BP 774 EP 781 DI 10.1016/j.ygeno.2005.03.003 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 928HY UT WOS:000229263400011 PM 15885503 ER PT J AU Carroll, S Craig, L Wolery, TJ AF Carroll, S Craig, L Wolery, TJ TI Deliquescence of NaCl-NaNO3, KNO3-NaNO3, and NaCl-KNO3 salt mixtures from 90 to 120 degrees C SO GEOCHEMICAL TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-EQUILIBRIUM MODEL; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; MINERAL SOLUBILITIES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; NATURAL-WATERS; TEMPERATURE; SYSTEM; PREDICTION; ENTHALPY; DILUTION AB We conducted reversed deliquescence experiments in saturated NaCl - NaNO3 - H2O, KNO3 - NaNO3 - H2O, and NaCl - KNO3 - H2O systems from 90 to 120 degrees C as a function of relative humidity and solution composition. NaCl, NaNO3, and KNO3 represent members of dust salt assemblages that are likely to deliquesce and form concentrated brines on high-level radioactive waste package surfaces in a repository environment at Yucca Mountain, NV. Discrepancy between model prediction and experiment can be as high as 8% for relative humidity and 50% for dissolved ion concentration. The discrepancy is attributed primarily to the use of 25 degrees C models for Cl - NO3 and K - NO3 ion interactions in the current Yucca Mountain Project high-temperature Pitzer model to describe the nonideal behavior of these highly concentrated solutions. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Carroll, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM carroll6@llnl.gov NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1467-4866 J9 GEOCHEM T JI Geochem. Trans. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 6 IS 2 BP 19 EP 30 DI 10.1063/1.1872292 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 933OG UT WOS:000229642200001 ER PT J AU Alai, M Sutton, M Carroll, S AF Alai, M Sutton, M Carroll, S TI Evaporative evolution of a Na-Cl-NO3-K-Ca-SO4-Mg-Si brine at 95 degrees C: Experiments and modeling relevant to Yucca Mountain, Nevada SO GEOCHEMICAL TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS SILICA SOLUBILITIES; CHEMICAL-EQUILIBRIUM MODEL; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; MINERAL SOLUBILITIES; NATURAL-WATERS; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; SYSTEM; PREDICTION AB A synthetic Topopah Spring Tuff water representative of one type of pore water at Yucca Mountain, NV was evaporated at 95 degrees C in a series of experiments to determine the geochemical controls for brines that may form on, and possibly impact upon the long-term integrity of waste containers and drip shields at the designated high-level, nuclear-waste repository. Solution chemistry, condensed vapor chemistry, and precipitate mineralogy were used to identify important chemical divides and to validate geochemical calculations of evaporating water chemistry using a high temperature Pitzer thermodynamic database. The water evolved toward a complex "sulfate type" brine that contained about 45 mol % Na, 40 mol % Cl, 9 mol % NO3, 5 mol % K, and less than 1 mol % each of SO4, Ca, Mg, Sigma CO2(aq), F, and Si. All measured ions in the condensed vapor phase were below detection limits. The mineral precipitates identified were halite, anhydrite, bassanite, niter, and nitratine. Trends in the solution composition and identification of CaSO4 solids suggest that fluorite, carbonate, sulfate, and magnesium-silicate precipitation control the aqueous solution composition of sulfate type waters by removing fluoride, calcium, and magnesium during the early stages of evaporation. In most cases, the high temperature Pitzer database, used by EQ3/6 geochemical code, sufficiently predicts water composition and mineral precipitation during evaporation. Predicted solution compositions are generally within a factor of 2 of the experimental values. The model predicts that sepiolite, bassanite, amorphous silica, calcite, halite, and brucite are the solubility controlling mineral phases. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Alai, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM alai1@llnl.gov NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1467-4866 J9 GEOCHEM T JI Geochem. Trans. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 6 IS 2 BP 31 EP 45 DI 10.1063/1.1935432 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 933OG UT WOS:000229642200002 ER PT J AU Berryman, JG AF Berryman, JG TI Poroelastic fluid effects on shear for rocks with soft anisotropy SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE anisotropy; poroelasticity; shear deformation; solid-fluid interaction ID POROUS-MEDIA; PORE-FLUID; ACOUSTIC PROPAGATION; VELOCITY DISPERSION; SEISMIC VELOCITIES; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; ATTENUATION; WAVE; DEPENDENCE; COMPRESSIBILITY AB A general analysis of poroelasticity for vertical transverse isotropy (VTI) shows that four eigenvectors are pure shear modes with no coupling to the pore-fluid mechanics. The remaining two eigenvectors are linear combinations of pure compression and uniaxial shear, both of which are coupled to the fluid mechanics. After reducing the problem to a 2 x 2 system, the analysis shows in a relatively elementary fashion how a poroelastic system with isotropic solid elastic frame, but with anisotropy introduced only through the poroelastic coefficients (and, therefore, termed soft anisotropy), interacts with the mechanics of the pore fluid and produces shear dependence on fluid properties in the overall poroelastic system. The analysis shows, for example, that this effect is always present (though sometimes small in magnitude) in the systems studied and can be comparatively large (on the order of 10 to 20 per cent) for wave propagation studies in some rocks, including Sierra White granite and Spirit River sandstone. Some of the results quoted here are obtained by using a new product formula relating local bulk and uniaxial shear energy to the product of the two eigenvalues that are coupled to the fluid mechanics. This product formula was first derived in prior work. The results obtained here are observed to be useful both for explaining difficult to reconcile laboratory wave propagation (especially ultrasonic) data showing that the shear modulus exhibits clear dependence on fluid content and also for benchmarking of poroelastic codes. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808 L-200, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Berryman, James/A-9712-2008 NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 161 IS 3 BP 881 EP 890 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02581.x PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 935OX UT WOS:000229792700021 ER PT J AU Nalla, G Shook, GM Mines, GL Bloomfield, KK AF Nalla, G Shook, GM Mines, GL Bloomfield, KK TI Parametric sensitivity study of operating and design variables in wellbore heat exchangers SO GEOTHERMICS LA English DT Article DE wellbore heat exchanger; WBHX; power generation; modeling AB A numerical study was conducted to evaluate the potential for using Wellbore Heat Exchangers (WBHX) to extract heat for use in electricity generation. Variables studied included operational parameters such as wellbore geometries, working fluid properties, circulation rates, and regional properties including basal heat flux and formation rock type. Energy extraction is strongly affected by fluid residence time, heat transfer contact area, and formation thermal properties. Water appears to be the most appropriate working fluid. The effects of tubing properties and casing lengths are of second-order. On the basis of a sensitivity study, a Best Case model was simulated, and results compared against the geothermal fluid requirements of existing power generation plants that use low-temperature geothermal fluids. Even assuming ideal work conversion to electricity, a WBHX cannot supply sufficient energy to generate 200 kWe at the onset of pseudo-steady-state (PSS) conditions. Using realistic conversion efficiencies it is unlikely that the system would be able to generate 50 kWe at the onset of PSS. (c) 2005 CNR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Nalla, G (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM nalig@inel.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0375-6505 J9 GEOTHERMICS JI Geothermics PD JUN PY 2005 VL 34 IS 3 BP 330 EP 346 DI 10.1016/j.geothermics.2005.02.001 PG 17 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 936US UT WOS:000229881500005 ER PT J AU Potter, CA AF Potter, CA TI Internal dosimetry: A review SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE reviews; dose assessment; dosimetry; internal; Health Physics Society ID IN-VITRO; DISSOLUTION; PROBABILITIES; ABSORPTION; BIOASSAY; EMITTERS; SURFACES; RADIUM; MODELS; TRACT AB The field history and current status of internal dosimetry is reviewed in this article. Elements of the field that are reviewed include standards and models, derivation of dose coefficients and intake retention fractions, bioassay measurements, and intake and dose calculations. In addition, guidance is developed and provided as to the necessity of internal dosimetry for a particular facility or operation and methodology for implementing a program. A discussion of the purposes of internal dosimetry is included as well as recommendations for future development and direction. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Potter, CA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS0651, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM capotte@sandia.gov NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 6 BP 565 EP 578 DI 10.1097/00004032-200506000-00005 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 925EE UT WOS:000229033500005 PM 15891454 ER PT J AU Frame, PW AF Frame, PW TI History of radiation detection instrumentation SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE reviews; instrumentation; detectors; radiation; Health Physics Society ID IONIZATION-CHAMBER; ALPHA-PARTICLES; COUNTER; ELECTROMETER; DOSIMETRY; ALPHA-AL2O3-C; RADIOACTIVITY; SCINTILLATORS; LUMINESCENCE; MULTIPLIER AB A review is presented of the history of radiation detection instrumentation. Specific radiation detection systems that are discussed include the human senses, photography, calorimetry, color dosimetry, ion chambers, electrometers, electroscopes, proportional counters, Geiger Mueller counters, scalers and rate meters, barium platinocyanide, scintillation counters, semiconductor detectors, radiophotoluminescent dosimeters, thermoluminescent dosimeters, optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters, direct ion storage, electrets, cloud chambers, bubble chambers, and bubble dosimeters. Given the broad scope of this review, the coverage is limited to a few key events in the development of a given detection system and some relevant operating principles. The occasional anecdote is included for interest. C1 Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Frame, PW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, PTP MS 11,POB 117, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM framep@orau.gov NR 181 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 23 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 6 BP 613 EP 637 DI 10.1097/00004032-200506000-00008 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 925EE UT WOS:000229033500008 PM 15891457 ER PT J AU Boerner, AJ Kathren, RL AF Boerner, AJ Kathren, RL TI The Health Physics Society: A 50-year chronology SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE historical profiles; education; health physics; reviews; Health Physics Society ID RADIATION PROTECTION; STANDARDS; HISTORY AB In 2005, the Health Physics Society celebrates its 50th anniversary. During its half century of existence, the Society has evolved from a small group of operationally oriented radiation protection scientists into an organization of several thousand with a recognized and respected peer reviewed journal. The bold decision to form an organization devoted to radiation safety in the United States spurred the formation of such societies in other countries and led to the formation of an international confederation of national societies, which has facilitated scientific communication and exchange worldwide. It also led to the formation of a separate body for the certification of health physicists, which in turn has grown into an academy with more than 1,000 members, and was instrumental in providing basic information establishing the need for a registry of radiation protection technologists. C1 ORISE, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Washington State Univ, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Boerner, AJ (reprint author), ORISE, POB 117,MS-19, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM boernera@orau.gov NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 6 BP 733 EP 753 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000146613.18311.d7 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 925EE UT WOS:000229033500015 PM 15891464 ER PT J AU Sun, YX Cao, J Luk, KB Ma, YQ Wang, YF Yang, CG AF Sun, YX Cao, J Luk, KB Ma, YQ Wang, YF Yang, CG TI Baseline optimization of reactor neutrino experiments SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION LA Chinese DT Article DE neutrino oscillation; reactor; mixing angle; (2)(X) function ID SUPER-KAMIOKANDE; OSCILLATION PARAMETERS; SPECTRUM AB We have applied the chi(2)-minimization technique that takes backgrounds and systematic uncertainties into account to optimize the baseline of the reactor neutrino experiments designed for determining the mixing angle theta(13) of neutrino. The effect of oscillation, systematic errors, statistic errors and backgrounds in the optimization are investigated. Although the experimental conditions may be very different, the optimal baseline is constrained in a narrow range. C1 Inst High Energy Phys, Expt Ctr, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. Inst High Energy Phys, Key Lab Particle Astrophys, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sun, YX (reprint author), Inst High Energy Phys, Expt Ctr, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. EM sunyx@ihep.ac.cn RI Cao, Jun/G-8701-2012 OI Cao, Jun/0000-0002-3586-2319 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0254-3052 J9 HIGH ENERG PHYS NUC JI High Energy Phys. Nucl. Phys.-Chin. Ed. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 29 IS 6 BP 543 EP 548 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 936HW UT WOS:000229847100003 ER PT J AU Velisavljevic, N Vohra, YK Weir, ST AF Velisavljevic, N Vohra, YK Weir, ST TI Simultaneous electrical and X-ray diffraction studies on neodymium metal to 152 GPa SO HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE high pressure; phase transitions; resistivity; metals ID PRASEODYMIUM METAL; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; HIGH-PRESSURE; PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; CERIUM METAL; EQUATION; DIAGRAM; STATE AB Using designer diamond anvils and angle dispersive X-ray diffraction technique at a synchrotron source, we have performed simultaneous electrical and structural studies on neodymium metal to 152 GPa in a diamond anvil cell. Four-probe electrical resistance measurement shows a 38% decrease in the electrical resistivity, associated with the delocalization of the 4f-shell electrons, starting at 100 GPa up to a final pressure of 152 GPa. The continuous decrease in electrical resistivity is consistent with the observation of a gradual phase transition to alpha-U structure in this pressure range. The (1 1 1) diffraction peak of alpha-U structure first appears at 100 GPa and increases in intensity with increasing pressure to 152 GPa. This increase in intensity is attributed to an increasing volume fraction of alpha-U phase and an increase in structural gamma-parameter from 0.07 at 118 GPa to 0.095 at 152 GPa. In contrast to the abrupt pressure-induced f-electron transition seen in cerium and praseodymium, the continuous evolution of alpha-U structure and electrical resistivity in neodymium confirms the gradual nature of 4f delocalization process in this element. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Vohra, YK (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, 1300 Campbell Hall, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM ykvohra@uab.edu RI Weir, Samuel/H-5046-2012 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0895-7959 J9 HIGH PRESSURE RES JI High Pressure Res. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 137 EP 144 DI 10.1080/08957950500162898 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 947DH UT WOS:000230623100005 ER PT J AU Gaines, KF Porter, DE Punshon, T Brisbin, IL AF Gaines, KF Porter, DE Punshon, T Brisbin, IL TI A spatially explicit model of the wild hog for ecological risk assessment activities at the department of energy's Savannah river site SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE aluminum; ecological assessment; GIS; home range; landscape metrics; nickel; risk assessment; Sus scrofa; uranium; wild hog ID RADIOCESIUM CONCENTRATIONS; FERAL HOGS; SEDIMENTS; BIOAVAILABILITY; CONTAMINATION; SPECIATION; MOUNTAINS; TOXICITY; URANIUM AB In North America, wild hogs (Sus scrofa) are both sought after as prime game and despised due to their detrimental impacts to the environment from their digging and rooting behavior. They are also a potentially useful indicator species for environmental health for both ecological- and human-based risk assessments. An inductive approach was used to develop probabilistic resource selection models using logistic regression to quantify the likelihood of hogs being in any area of the Department of Energy's 805 km(2) Savannah River Site (SRS) in west-central South Carolina. These models were derived by using available SRS hog hunt data from 1993-2000 and a Geographic Information System database describing the habitat structure of the SRS. The model's significant parameters indicated that wild hogs preferred hardwoods and avoided pine and shrubby areas. Further, landscape metric analyses revealed that hogs preferred areas with large complex patch areas and low size variation. These resource selection models were then utilized to better estimate exposure of wild hogs to radionuclides and metals in a disturbed riparian ecosystem on the SRS using two different possible diets based on food availability. Contaminant exposure can be better estimated using these resource selection models than has been previously possible, because past practices did not consider home range and habitat utilization probability in heterogeneously contaminated habitats. Had these models not been used, risk calculations would assume that contaminated areas were utilized 100% of the time, thus overestimating exposure by a factor of up to 25. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Nelson Biol Labs & Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci In, Consortium Risk Evaluat Stakeholder Participat, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Univ S Carolina, Baruch Inst Marine & Coastal Res, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Gaines, KF (reprint author), Univ S Dakota, Dept Biol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. EM kfgaines@usd.edu NR 60 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 EI 1549-7860 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 11 IS 3 BP 567 EP 589 DI 10.1080/10807030590949654 PG 23 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 945NX UT WOS:000230510300007 ER PT J AU Hammel, HB de Pater, I Gibbard, S Lockwood, GW Rages, K AF Hammel, HB de Pater, I Gibbard, S Lockwood, GW Rages, K TI Uranus in 2003: Zonal winds, banded structure, and discrete features SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Uranus; uranus, atmosphere; atmospheres, dynamics ID RADIO OBSERVATIONS; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; DEEP ATMOSPHERE; CLOUD STRUCTURE; NEPTUNE; VOYAGER-2; JUPITER; CONVECTION; PLANETARY; DYNAMICS AB Imaging of Uranus in 2003 with the Keck 10-m telescope reveals banded zonal structure and dozens of discrete Cloud features at J and H bands; several features in the northern hemisphere are also detectable at K'. By tracking features over four days, we extend the zonal wind profile well into the northern hemisphere. We report the first measurements of wind velocities at latitudes -13&DEG;, + 19&DEG;, and northward of +43&DEG;, the first direct wind measurements near the equator, and the highest wind velocity seen yet oil Uranus (+218 m/s). At northern mid-latitudes (+20&DEG; to +40&DEG;), the winds appear to have accelerated when compared to earlier HST and Keck observations southern wind speeds (-20&DEG; to -43&DEG;) have not changed since Voyager measurements in 1986. The equator of Uranus exhibits a subtle wave structure, indicated by diffuse patches roughly every 30&DEG; in longitude. The largest discrete Cloud features oil Uranus show complex structure extending over tens of degrees, reminiscent of activity seen around Neptune's Great Dark Spot during the Voyager encounter with that planet. There is no sign of a northern "polar collar" as is seen in the south, but a number of discrete features seen at the "expected" latitudes may signal the early stages of development of a northern collar. © 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Hammel, HB (reprint author), Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM hbh@alum.mit.edu NR 34 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JUN PY 2005 VL 175 IS 2 BP 534 EP 545 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.11.012 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 926YH UT WOS:000229159100019 ER PT J AU Sakaki, Y Kholodenko, BN Hatakeyama, M Kitano, H Kolch, W De Meyts, P Yarden, Y Westerhoff, HV Wiley, HS AF Sakaki, Y Kholodenko, BN Hatakeyama, M Kitano, H Kolch, W De Meyts, P Yarden, Y Westerhoff, HV Wiley, HS TI The International Consortium on Systems Biology of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Regulatory Networks SO IEE PROCEEDINGS SYSTEMS BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 RIKEN Genom Sci Ctr, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Sony Comp Sci Labs, Tokyo, Japan. Beatson Inst Canc Res, Glasgow G61 1BD, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Hagedorn Res Inst, Gentofte, Denmark. Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Vrije Univ, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sakaki, Y (reprint author), RIKEN Genom Sci Ctr, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. RI Westerhoff, Hans/I-5762-2012; YARDEN, YOSEF/K-1467-2012; OI Westerhoff, Hans/0000-0002-0443-6114; Kholodenko, Boris/0000-0002-9483-4975; Wiley, Steven/0000-0003-0232-6867; Kolch, Walter/0000-0001-5777-5016 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1741-2471 J9 IEE P SYST BIOL JI IEE Proc. Syst. Biol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 152 IS 2 BP 53 EP 54 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Cell Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 972VV UT WOS:000232482200001 ER PT J AU Jaeger, C AF Jaeger, C TI Security risk assessment methodology for communities (RAM-C) SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) has developed a number of security risk assessment methodologies (RAMs) for various infrastructures including dams, water systems, electrical transmission, chemical facilities, and communities. All of these RAMs consider potential malevolent attacks from different threats, possible undesired events, and consequences, and determine potential adversary success. They focus on the assessment of these infrastructures to help identify security weaknesses and develop measures to mitigate the consequences from possible adversary attacks. This paper will focus on RAM-C, the security risk assessment methodology for communities. There are many reasons for a community to conduct a security risk assessment. They include: providing a way to identify vulnerabilities, helping a community to be better prepared in the event of an adversary attack, providing justification for resources to address identified vulnerabilities, and planning for future projects. The RAM-C process is a systematic, risk-based approach to assess vulnerabilities and make decisions based on risk. It has provided valuable information to community planners in making security risk decisions. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Secur Syst & Technol Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Jaeger, C (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Secur Syst & Technol Ctr, MS 0757, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 6 BP 15 EP 17 DI 10.1109/MAES.2005.1412122 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 936MX UT WOS:000229861200003 ER PT J AU Mielke, AM Brennan, SM Smith, MC Torney, DC Maccabe, AB Karlin, JF AF Mielke, AM Brennan, SM Smith, MC Torney, DC Maccabe, AB Karlin, JF TI Independent sensor networks SO IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT MAGAZINE LA English DT Article C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Collect Computat Project, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Performance Comp, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Mielke, AM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Collect Computat Project, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM amielke@lanl.gov NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1094-6969 J9 IEEE INSTRU MEAS MAG JI IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 8 IS 2 BP 33 EP 37 DI 10.1109/MIM.2005.1438842 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 930JD UT WOS:000229411000007 ER PT J AU Nielson, GN Seneviratne, D Lopez-Royo, F Rakich, PT Avrahami, Y Watts, MR Haus, HA Tuller, HL Barbastathis, G AF Nielson, GN Seneviratne, D Lopez-Royo, F Rakich, PT Avrahami, Y Watts, MR Haus, HA Tuller, HL Barbastathis, G TI Integrated wavelength-selective optical MEMS switching using ring resonator filters SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE integrated optics; microelectromechanical devices; optical filters; optical switches ID SILICON AB An integrated optical microelectromechanical system (MEMS) switch that provides wavelength selectivity is. described. The switching mechanism is based on moving a MEMS actuated optically absorbing membrane into the evanescent field of a high-index-contrast optical ring resonator. By controlling the loss, and thus, the cavity quality factor, the resonant wavelength is switched between the drop and through ports. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Pirelli Labs, I-20126 Milan, Italy. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Nielson, GN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gnniels@sandia.gov; dilan@mit.edu; rakich@mit.edu; mwatts@mit.edu; tuller@mit.edu; gbarb@mit.edu NR 11 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1190 EP 1192 DI 10.1109/LPT.2005.846951 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 936JC UT WOS:000229850300018 ER PT J AU Ozyuzer, L Kurter, C Zasadzinski, JF Gray, KE Hinks, DG Miyakawa, N AF Ozyuzer, L Kurter, C Zasadzinski, JF Gray, KE Hinks, DG Miyakawa, N TI Comparison of intrinsic Josephson and SIS tunneling spectroscopy of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE High-T-c; superconductors intrinsic Josephson junctions; tunneling spectroscopy ID OVERDOPED BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; QUASI-PARTICLE; PSEUDOGAP; JUNCTIONS; STACKS; STATE; PAIR; GAP AB Tunneling spectroscopy measurements are reported on optimally-doped and overdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta single crystals. A novel point contact method is used to obtain superconductor-insulator-normal metal (SIN) and SIS break junctions as well as intrinsic Josephson junctions (IJJ) from nanoscale crystals. Three junction types are obtained on the same crystal to compare the quasiparticle peaks and higher bias dip/hump structures which have also been found in other surface probes such as scanning tunneling spectroscopy and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. However, our IJJ quasiparticle spectra consistently reveal very sharp conductance peaks and no higher bias dip structures. The IJJ conductance peak voltage divided by the number of junctions in the stack consistently leads to a significant underestimate of Delta when compared to the single junction values. The comparison of the three methods suggests that the markedly different characteristics of IJJ are a consequence of nonequilibrium effects and are not intrinsic quasiparticle features. C1 Izmir Inst Technol, Dept Phys, TR-35430 Izmir, Turkey. IIT, Div Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Sci Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 162, Japan. RP Ozyuzer, L (reprint author), Izmir Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Gulbahce Campus, TR-35430 Izmir, Turkey. EM ozyuzer@iyte.edu.tr RI Ozyuzer, Lutfi/H-3142-2011 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 181 EP 184 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849743 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FO UT WOS:000229765300028 ER PT J AU Ali, ZA Drury, OB Cunningham, MF Chesser, JM Barbee, TW Friedrich, S AF Ali, ZA Drury, OB Cunningham, MF Chesser, JM Barbee, TW Friedrich, S TI Fabrication of Mo/Cu multilayer and bilayer transition edge sensors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE device fabrication; gamma-ray spectrometers; Mo/Cu multilayers; superconducting transition edge sensors; X-ray spectrometers AB We are developing cryogenic high-resolution X-ray, Gamma-ray and neutron spectrometers based on superconducting Mo/Cu transition edge sensors. Here we discuss the sensor design for different applications, present the photolithographic fabrication techniques, and outline future detector development to increase the spectrometer sensitivity. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94750 USA. RP Ali, ZA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-270, Livermore, CA 94750 USA. EM friedrich1@llnl.gov NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 526 EP 529 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849897 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FO UT WOS:000229765300112 ER PT J AU Myers, MJ Ade, P Engargiola, G Holzapfel, W Lee, AT O'Brient, R Richards, PL Smith, A Spieler, H Tran, HT AF Myers, MJ Ade, P Engargiola, G Holzapfel, W Lee, AT O'Brient, R Richards, PL Smith, A Spieler, H Tran, HT TI Antenna-coupled bolometers for millimeter waves SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE antenna-coupled; bolometer; microstrip filter; TES ID SLOT ANTENNA AB We report on the development of antenna-coupled bolometers using Transition-Edge Sensors (TES) for millimeter waves. Our design uses a double-slot dipole antenna which feeds superconducting niobium microstrip. Microstrip filters are used to define the frequency band to which the bolometers are sensitive. The microstrip is terminated with a load resistor and the dissipated power is measured using a TES. We present the results of electrical and optical characterization of single bolometer pixels and discuss the development of a large bolometer array based on this design. This array is being developed for a Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization anisotropy experiment. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Dept Astron, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. Northrop Grumman, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Myers, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mmyers@cosmology.berkeley.edu RI Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 564 EP 566 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849919 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FO UT WOS:000229765300122 ER PT J AU Lanting, TM Cho, HM Clarke, J Dobbs, MA Holzapfel, WL Lee, AT Lueker, M Richards, PL Smith, AD Spieler, HG AF Lanting, TM Cho, HM Clarke, J Dobbs, MA Holzapfel, WL Lee, AT Lueker, M Richards, PL Smith, AD Spieler, HG TI Frequency-domain SQUID multiplexing of transition-edge sensors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE bolometer; multiplexer; SQUID; transition-edge ID INTERFERENCE DEVICE MULTIPLEXER; SERIES ARRAY; DC SQUIDS; BOLOMETER; TIME AB We describe our frequency-domain readout multiplexer for transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers and present measurements of an eight-channel multiplexer. Each sensor is biased with a sinusoidal bias at a distinct frequency. As the sensor absorbs power, it amplitude-modulates its sinusoidal bias. Sensor currents are summed and measured with a single superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) array. The SQUID array consists of 100 dc-SQUID's in series and is operated with shunt feedback electronics which have a slew rate of 1.2 10(7) Phi(0)/s. A tuned filter consisting of an inductor and capacitor are placed in series with each sensor to both limit the bandwidth of the Nyquist noise from each sensor and to allow us to bias all multiplexed sensors with a common wire. We place an upper limit on crosstalk between adjacent channels of 0.004, well below our design requirements. Demodulated noise spectra from multiplexed sensors show the expected white noise levels at frequencies above 200 mHz. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Northrup Grumman, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. RP Lanting, TM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tlanting@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 567 EP 570 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849921 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FO UT WOS:000229765300123 ER PT J AU Drury, OB Friedrich, S AF Drury, OB Friedrich, S TI Sensitivity and S/N-ratio of superconducting high-resolution X-ray spectrometers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE sensitivity; superconducting devices; superconducting tunnel junctions; X-ray spectroscopy detectors ID ENERGY RESOLUTION; DETECTORS; SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION; FIELD AB Superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) X-ray spectrometers have been developed for synchrotron-based high-resolution soft X-ray spectroscopy. We are quantifying the improvements in sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio that STJ spectrometers can offer for the analysis of dilute specimens over conventional semiconductor and grating spectrometers. We present analytical equations to quantify the improvements in terms of spectrometer resolution, detection efficiency and count rate capabilities as a function of line separation and spectral background. We discuss the implications of this analysis for L-edge spectroscopy of first-row transition metals. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Adv Detector Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Biol & Environm Xray Facil, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Drury, OB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Adv Detector Grp, L-270, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM friedrich1@llnl.gov NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 613 EP 617 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849959 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FO UT WOS:000229765300135 ER PT J AU Espy, MA Matlachov, AN Volegov, PL Mosher, JC Kraus, RH AF Espy, MA Matlachov, AN Volegov, PL Mosher, JC Kraus, RH TI SQUID-based simultaneous detection of NMR and biomagnetic signals at ultra-low magnetic fields SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE biomagnetism; low magnetic field; MRI; NMR; SQUID ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE SAMPLES; INSIDE-OUT NMR; QUANTUM INTERFERENCE DEVICE; DC SQUID; NEURONAL-ACTIVITY; HUMAN BRAIN; RESONANCE; MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY; MRI; AMPLIFIER AB Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at ultra-low magnetic fields (ULF, fields of similar to mu T) have several advantages over their counterparts at higher magnetic fields. These include narrow line widths, the possibility of novel imaging schemes such as T, weighted images, and reduced system cost and complexity. In addition, ULF NMR/MRI with superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) is compatible with simultaneous measurements of biomagnetic signals, a capability conventional systems cannot offer. SQUID-based ULF MRI has already been demonstrated, as have measurements of simultaneous MEG and NMR at ULF. In this paper we will show simultaneous magnetocardiography (MCG) and magnetomyography (MMG) with NMR are also possible. Another compelling application of NMR/MRI at ULF is the possibility of directly measuring magnetic resonance consequences of neuronal signals. In this paper we explore simultaneous MMG/NMR and MCG/NMR for an effect on the NMR signal, in T-2(*), that might be associated with the effects of bioelectric currents. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87454 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D454, Los Alamos, NM 87454 USA. EM espy@lanl.gov NR 31 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 635 EP 639 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849978 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FO UT WOS:000229765300140 ER PT J AU Matlachov, AN Volegov, PL Espy, MA Stolz, R Fritzsch, L Zakosarenko, V Meyer, HG Kraus, RH AF Matlachov, AN Volegov, PL Espy, MA Stolz, R Fritzsch, L Zakosarenko, V Meyer, HG Kraus, RH TI Instrumentation for simultaneous detection of low field NMR and biomagnetic signals SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE biomagnetism; FID; NMR; SQUID ID MICROTESLA MAGNETIC-FIELDS; MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY; MRI AB We have built and demonstrated a simple system with open geometry that measures biomagnetic signals such as magnetoencephalogram (MEG), magnetocardiogram (MCG) and magnetomyogram (MMG) simultaneously with low field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) free induction decay signals (FID). The system employs LTC SQUID gradiometers and can operate with proton Larmor frequency in the 80 Hz-10 kHz range. A pre-polarizing field of up to 60 mT is generated by resistive coils. Two different types of SQUID gradiometers were used: a tangential thin-film planar first-order gradiometer and an axial second-order gradiometer. The gradiometers were placed inside a fiberglass dewar at about I cm distance from a subject. All measurements were performed inside a single-layer magnetic shielded room. This system is the prototype for a system that will ultimately be capable of measuring biomagnetic signals together with magnetic resonance images (MRI). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Inst Phys High Technol, Quantum Elect Dept, D-07745 Jena, Germany. RP Matlachov, AN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM matlachov@lanl.gov; stolz@ipht-jena.de RI Stolz, Ronny/E-4887-2015 NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 676 EP 679 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849997 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FO UT WOS:000229765300150 ER PT J AU Carr, C Espy, MA Abeln, TG Kraus, RH AF Carr, C Espy, MA Abeln, TG Kraus, RH TI Characterization of stainless steel inertia welds using HTS SQUID NDE SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE inertia welding; nondestructive evaluation (NDE); superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) AB Inertia welding has become one of the key joining technologies in the aerospace industry with, at present, no reliable and reproducible nondestructive technique to evaluate weld quality. We previously reported on the preliminary studies of solid-state inertia welds in stainless steel using HTS SQUID magnetometers. A comparison of the SQUID data with that obtained from destructive metallurgical analyses of the welds was not conclusive, due mainly to the limited range in perceived weld quality of the sample set investigated. In this paper we report on eddy current-based measurements carried out on a set of stainless steel samples fabricated using parameters designed to create a wider range of weld qualities. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Carr, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM carr@lanl.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 719 EP 722 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.850024 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FO UT WOS:000229765300161 ER PT J AU Mossle, M Myers, WR Lee, SK Kelso, N Hatridge, M Pines, A Clarke, J AF Mossle, M Myers, WR Lee, SK Kelso, N Hatridge, M Pines, A Clarke, J TI SQUID-detected in vivo MRI at microtesla magnetic fields SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE in vivo images; magnetic resonance imaging; nuclear magnetic resonance; SQUID ID QUANTUM INTERFERENCE DEVICE; RESONANCE IMAGES; NMR AB We use a low transition temperature (T-c) Super-conducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) to perform in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at magnetic fields around 100 microtesla, corresponding to proton Larmor frequencies of about 5 kHz. In such low fields, broadening of the nuclear magnetic resonance lines due to inhomogeneous magnetic fields and susceptibility variations of the sample are minimized, enabling us to obtain high quality images. To reduce environmental noise the signal is detected by a second-order gradiometer, coupled to the SQUID, and the experiment is surrounded by a 3-mm thick Al shield. To increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), we prepolarize the samples in a field up to 100 mT. Three-dimensional images are acquired in less than 6 minutes with a standard spin-echo phase-encoding sequence. Using encoding gradients of similar to 100 mu T/m we obtain three-dimensional images of bell peppers with a resolution of 2 x 2 x 8 mm(3). Our system is ideally suited to acquiring images of small, peripheral parts of the human body such as hands and arms. In vivo images of an arm, acquired at 132 mu T, show 24-mm sections of the forearm with a resolution of 3 x 3 mm(2). and a SNR of 10. We discuss possible applications of MRI at these low magnetic fields. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mjmoessle@lbl.gov; wmyers@socrates.berkeley.edu; lsk@socrates.berkeley.edu; kelso@socrates.berkeley.edu; hatridge@berkeley.edu; pines@berkeley.edu; jclarke@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Lee, Seung-Kyun/A-3464-2008 OI Lee, Seung-Kyun/0000-0001-7625-3141 NR 15 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 757 EP 760 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.850043 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FO UT WOS:000229765300170 ER PT J AU Ohkubo, M Ukibe, M Saito, N Kushino, A Ichimura, S Friedrich, S AF Ohkubo, M Ukibe, M Saito, N Kushino, A Ichimura, S Friedrich, S TI Effects of spatial nonuniformity of superconducting-tunnel-junction ion detectors on mass Spectroscopy SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE mass spectroscopy; particle detectors; superconducting radiation detectors; superconductor-insulator-superconductor devices ID SPECTROMETER; DEPENDENCE AB Spatial uniformity of superconducting tunnel junction detectors with a size of 200 mu m is improved by increasing Al thickness of the Nb/Al proximized electrodes in an energy range of 5-10 keV. which is in the same order as an acceleration energy in time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (TOF-MS). It has been confirmed in the TOF experiments with Ta ions and Th clusters that the proximized junction detectors clearly separate different ionic states and multi-hit events in impact energy spectra, and moreover can reveal the difference in ion species or ion-surface collision dynamics. However, a better spatial uniformity is not always good for TOF-MS, possibly because a detector with the thicker Al layers has a lower superconducting energy gap, which results in an improper detector operation because of a temperature rise.due to heat radiation, or the states of the detector surfaces are different. C1 Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ohkubo, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. EM m.ohkubo@aist.go.jp; ukibe-m@aist.go.jp; naoaki.saito@aist.go.jp; kushino.akihiro@aist.go.jp; s.ichimura@aist.go.jp; Friedrich1@llnl.gov NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 932 EP 935 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.850126 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FO UT WOS:000229765300214 ER PT J AU Feher, S Bossert, R Carson, J Chichili, DR Kerby, J Lamm, MJ Nobrega, A Nicol, T Ogitsu, T Orris, D Page, T Peterson, T Rabehl, R Robotham, W Scanlan, R Schlabach, P Sylvester, C Strait, J Tartaglia, A Tompkins, JC Velev, G Yadav, S Zlobin, AV AF Feher, S Bossert, R Carson, J Chichili, DR Kerby, J Lamm, MJ Nobrega, A Nicol, T Ogitsu, T Orris, D Page, T Peterson, T Rabehl, R Robotham, W Scanlan, R Schlabach, P Sylvester, C Strait, J Tartaglia, A Tompkins, JC Velev, G Yadav, S Zlobin, AV TI Test results of LHC interaction regions quadrupoles produced by Fermilab SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE interaction region; LHC; low-beta quadrupole; superconducting magnet ID MAGNETS; ALIGNMENT AB The US-LHC Accelerator Project is responsible for the production of the Q2 optical elements of the final focus triplets in the LHC interaction regions. As part of this program Fermilab is in the process of manufacturing and testing cryostat assemblies (LQXB) containing two identical quadrupoles (MQXB) with a dipole corrector between them. The 5.5 m long Fermilab designed MQXB have a 70 mm aperture and operate in superfluid helium at 1.9 K with a peak field gradient of 215 T/m. This paper summarizes the test results of several production MQXB quadrupoles with emphasis on quench performance and alignment studies. Quench localization studies using quench antenna signals are also presented. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Feher, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM fehers@fnal.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1090 EP 1093 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849502 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700004 ER PT J AU Velev, GV Bossert, R Carcagno, R DiMarco, J Feher, S Glass, H Kashikhin, VV Kerby, J Lamm, M Makulski, A Nobrega, A Nogiec, J Orris, D Peterson, T Rabehl, R Schlabach, P Strait, J Sylvester, C Tartaglia, M Tompkins, JC Zlobin, AV AF Velev, GV Bossert, R Carcagno, R DiMarco, J Feher, S Glass, H Kashikhin, VV Kerby, J Lamm, M Makulski, A Nobrega, A Nogiec, J Orris, D Peterson, T Rabehl, R Schlabach, P Strait, J Sylvester, C Tartaglia, M Tompkins, JC Zlobin, AV TI Field quality measurements of the LQXB inner triplet quadrupoles for LHC SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE magnetic fields; quadrupole; superconductivity ID FERMILAB-BUILT MODELS; INTERACTION REGIONS; MAGNETS AB As a part of the USLHC program, Fermilab is building half of the inner triplet quadrupole magnets for the LHC. Two identical quadrupoles (MQXB) with a dipole corrector between them in a single cryogenic unit (LQXB) comprise the Q2 optical element of the final focus triplets in the interaction regions. The 5.5 m long MQXB have a 70 mm aperture and operate in superfluid helium at 1.9 K with a peak field gradient of 215 T/m. Manufacturing of the 18 magnets is in an advanced stage. A program of magnetic field quality measurements of the magnets is performed at room temperature during magnet fabrication as well as at superfluid helium temperature during the cold qualification of each magnet. Results of the measurements are summarized in this paper. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Velev, GV (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM velev@fnal.gov NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1102 EP 1105 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849505 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700007 ER PT J AU Zlobin, AV Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Barzi, E Bordini, B Bossert, R Carcagno, R Chichili, DR DiMarco, J Elementi, L Feher, S Kashikhin, VS Kashikhin, VV Kephart, R Lamm, M Limon, PJ Novitski, I Orris, D Pischalnikov, Y Schlabach, P Stanek, R Strait, J Sylvester, C Tartaglia, M Tompkins, JC Turrioni, D Velev, G Yamada, R Yarba, V AF Zlobin, AV Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Barzi, E Bordini, B Bossert, R Carcagno, R Chichili, DR DiMarco, J Elementi, L Feher, S Kashikhin, VS Kashikhin, VV Kephart, R Lamm, M Limon, PJ Novitski, I Orris, D Pischalnikov, Y Schlabach, P Stanek, R Strait, J Sylvester, C Tartaglia, M Tompkins, JC Turrioni, D Velev, G Yamada, R Yarba, V TI R&D of Nb3Sn accelerator magnets at Fermilab SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE dipoles; Nb3Sn strands and cables; quadrupoles; superconducting accelerator magnets ID DIPOLE MODEL; FABRICATION; DESIGN; CABLE AB Fermilab is developing and investigating different high-field magnets (RFM) for present and future accelerators. The HFM R&D program focused on the 10-12 T magnets based on Nb3Sn superconductor and explored both basic magnet technologies for brittle superconductors-wind-and-react and react-and-wind. Magnet design studies in support of LHC upgrades and VLHC were conducted. A series of 1-m long cos-theta dipole models based on the wind-and-react technique was fabricated and tested. Three 1-m long flat racetracks and the common coil dipole model, based on a single-layer coil and react-and-wind technique, were also fabricated and tested. Extensive theoretical and experimental studies of electro-magnetic instabilities in Nb3Sn strands, cables and magnets were performed and led to a successful 10 T dipole model. This paper presents the details of Fermilab's HFM program, reports its status and major results, and formulates the next steps for the program. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Zlobin, AV (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM zlobin@fnal.gov NR 29 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1113 EP 1118 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849507 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700009 ER PT J AU Ferracin, P Bartlett, SE Caspi, S Dietderich, DR Gourlay, SA Hannaford, CR Hafalia, AR Lietzke, AF Mattafirri, S Sabbi, G AF Ferracin, P Bartlett, SE Caspi, S Dietderich, DR Gourlay, SA Hannaford, CR Hafalia, AR Lietzke, AF Mattafirri, S Sabbi, G TI Mechanical analysis of the Nb3Sn dipole magnet HD1 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE Nb3S n; strain gauges; superconducting magnets ID SUPERCONDUCTING ACCELERATOR MAGNETS; DESIGN; FABRICATION; COLLIDER; APERTURE; MODEL AB The Superconducting Magnet Group at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) has recently fabricated and tested HD1, a Nb3Sn dipole magnet. The magnet reached a 16 T field, and exhibited training quenches in the end regions and in the straight section. After the test, HD1 was disassembled and inspected, and a detailed 3D finite element mechanical analysis was done to investigate for possible quench triggers. The study led to minor modifications to mechanical structure and assembly procedure, which were verified in a second test (HD1b). This paper presents the results of the mechanical analysis, including strain gauge measurements and coil visual inspection. The adjustments implemented in the magnet structure are reported and their effect on magnet training discussed. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ferracin, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pferracin@lbl.gov NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1119 EP 1122 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849508 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700010 ER PT J AU Lietzke, AF Bartlett, SE Bish, P Caspi, S Dietderich, D Ferracin, P Gourlay, SA Hafalia, AR Hannaford, CR Higley, H Lau, W Liggins, N Mattafirri, S Nyman, M Sabbi, G Scanlan, R Swanson, J AF Lietzke, AF Bartlett, SE Bish, P Caspi, S Dietderich, D Ferracin, P Gourlay, SA Hafalia, AR Hannaford, CR Higley, H Lau, W Liggins, N Mattafirri, S Nyman, M Sabbi, G Scanlan, R Swanson, J TI Test results of HD1b, an upgraded 16 tesla Nb3Sn dipole magnet SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE dipole; high-field; Nb3Sn; superconducting magnets; test results AB The Superconducting Magnet Group at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory has been developing high-field, brittle-superconductor, accelerator magnet technology, in which the conductor's support system can significantly impact conductor performance (as well as magnet training). A recent H-dipole coil test (HD1) achieved a peak bore-field of 16 Tesla, using two, flat-racetrack, double-layer Nb3Sn coils. However, its 4.5 K training was slow, with an erratic plateau at similar to 92% of its un-degraded "short-sample" expectation (similar to 16.6 T). Quench-origins correlated with regions where low conductor pre-stress had been expected (3-D FEM predictions and variations in 300 K coil-size). The coils were re-assembled with minor coil-support changes and re-tested as "HD1b", with a 185 MPa average pre-stress (30 MPa higher than HDI, with a 15-20 MPa pole-turn margin expected at 17 T). Training started higher (15.1 T), and quickly reached a stable, negligibly higher plateau at 16 T. After a thermal cycle, training started at 15.4 T, but peaked at 15.8 T, on the third attempt, before degrading to a 15.7 T plateau. The temperature dependence of this plateau was explored in a sub-atmospheric LHe bath to 3.0 K. Magnet performance data for both thermal cycles is presented and discussed, along with issues for future high-field accelerator magnet development. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lietzke, AF (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM AFLietzke@lbl.gov NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1123 EP 1127 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849509 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700011 ER PT J AU Sabbi, G Bartlett, SE Caspi, S Dietdcrich, DR Ferracin, P Gourlay, SA Hafalia, AR Hannaford, CR Lietzke, AF Mattafirri, S McInturff, AD Scanlan, R AF Sabbi, G Bartlett, SE Caspi, S Dietdcrich, DR Ferracin, P Gourlay, SA Hafalia, AR Hannaford, CR Lietzke, AF Mattafirri, S McInturff, AD Scanlan, R TI Design of HD2: A 15 tesla Nb3Sn dipole with a 35 mm bore SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE high-field accelerator magnets; Nb3Sn AB The Nb3Sn dipole HD1, recently fabricated and tested at LBNL, pushes the limits of accelerator magnet technology into the 16 T field range, and opens the way to a new generation of HEP colliders. HD1 is based on a flat racetrack coil configuration and has a 10 mm bore. These features are consistent with the HD1 goals: exploring the Nb3Sn conductor performance limits at the maximum fields and under high stress. However, in order to further develop the block-coil geometry for future high-field accelerators, the bore size has to be increased to 30-50 mm. With respect to HDI, the main R&D challenges are: (a) design of the coil ends, to allow a magnetically efficient cross-section without obstructing the beam path; (b) design of the bore, to support the coil against the pre-load force; (c) correction of the geometric field errors. HD2 represents a first step in addressing these issues, with a central dipole field above 15 T, a 35 mm bore, and nominal field harmonics within a fraction of one unit. This paper describes the HD2 magnet design concept and its main features, as well as further steps required to develop a cost-effective block-coil design for future high-field, accelerator-quality dipoles. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sabbi, G (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM GLSabbi@lbl.gov NR 11 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1128 EP 1131 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849510 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700012 ER PT J AU Ferracin, P Bartlett, SE Caspi, S Dietderich, DR Gourlay, SA Hannaford, CR Hafalia, AR Lietzke, AF Mattafirri, S McInturff, AD Nyman, M Sabbi, G AF Ferracin, P Bartlett, SE Caspi, S Dietderich, DR Gourlay, SA Hannaford, CR Hafalia, AR Lietzke, AF Mattafirri, S McInturff, AD Nyman, M Sabbi, G TI Development of a large aperture Nb3SR racetrack quadrupole magnet SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE Nb3Sn; quadrupole magnet; superconducting magnet ID LHC IR; DESIGN; TECHNOLOGY AB The U.S. LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP), a collaboration between BNL, FNAL, LBNL, and SLAC, has among its major objectives the development of advanced magnet technology for an LHC luminosity upgrade. The LBNL Superconducting Magnet Group supports this program with a broad effort involving design studies, Nb3Sn conductor development, mechanical models, and basic prototypes. This paper describes the development of a large aperture Nb3Sn racetrack quadrupole magnet using four racetrack coils from the LBNL Subscale Magnet (SM) Program. The magnet provides a gradient of 95 T/m in a 110 mm bore, with a peak field in the conductor of 11.2 T. The coils are pre-stressed by a mechanical structure based on a pre-tensioned aluminum shell, and axially supported with aluminum rods. The mechanical behavior has been monitored with strain gauges and the magnetic field has been measured. Results of the test are reported and analyzed. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ferracin, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pferracin@lbl.gov NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1132 EP 1135 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849511 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700013 ER PT J AU Bartlett, SE Caspi, S Dietderich, DR Ferracin, P Gourlay, SA Hannaford, CR Hafalia, AR Lietzke, AF McInturff, AD Mattafirri, S Sabbi, G Scanlan, RM AF Bartlett, SE Caspi, S Dietderich, DR Ferracin, P Gourlay, SA Hannaford, CR Hafalia, AR Lietzke, AF McInturff, AD Mattafirri, S Sabbi, G Scanlan, RM TI An R&D approach to the development of long Nb3Sn accelerator magnets using the key and bladder technology SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE Nb3Sn; superconducting magnets AB Building accelerator quality magnets using Nb3Sn for next generation facilities is the challenge of the next decade. The Superconducting Magnet Group at LBNL has developed an innovative support structure for high field magnets. The structure is based on an aluminum shell over iron yokes using hydraulic bladders and locking keys for applying the pre-stress. At cool down the pre-stress is almost doubled due to the differences of thermal contraction. This new structure allows precise control of the pre-stress with minimal spring back and conductor over-stress. At present the support structure has been used with prototype magnets up to one meter in length. In this paper, the design of a 4-meter long, 11 Tesla, wind-and-react racetrack dipole will be presented as a possible step toward the fabrication of long Nb3Sn accelerator magnets. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bartlett, SE (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM SEBartlett@lbl.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1136 EP 1139 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849512 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700014 ER PT J AU Yamada, R Wake, M AF Yamada, R Wake, M TI Quench problems of Nb3Sn cosine theta high field dipole model magnets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE MJR; Nb3Sn high field magnet; PIT; quench; RRR AB We have developed and tested several cosine theta high field dipole model magnets for accelerator application, utilizing Nb3Sn strands made by MJR method and PIT method. With Rutherford cables made with PIT strand we achieved 10.1 Tesla central field at 2.2 K operation, and 9.5 Tesla at 4.5 K operation. The magnet wound with the MJR cable prematurely quenched at 6.8 Testa at 4.5 K due to cryo-instability. Typical quench behaviors of these magnets are described for both types of magnets, HFDA-04 of MJR and HFDA-05 of PIT. Their characteristics parameters are compared on d(eff), RRR, thermal conductivity and others, together with other historical Nb3Sn magnets. It is suggested a larger RRR value is essential for the stability of the epoxy impregnated high field magnets made with high current density strands. It is shown that a magnet with a larger RRR value has a longer MPZ value and more stable, due to its high thermal conductivity and low resistivity. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RP Yamada, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM yamada@fnal.gov; wake@post.kek.jp NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1140 EP 1143 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849514 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700015 ER PT J AU Nakamoto, T Higashi, N Ogitsu, T Terashima, A Ajima, Y Anerella, M Gupta, R Iwamoto, Y Kimura, N Makida, Y Obana, T Ohhata, H Parker, B Sasaki, K Tanaka, K Tomaru, T Wanderer, P Yamamoto, A AF Nakamoto, T Higashi, N Ogitsu, T Terashima, A Ajima, Y Anerella, M Gupta, R Iwamoto, Y Kimura, N Makida, Y Obana, T Ohhata, H Parker, B Sasaki, K Tanaka, K Tomaru, T Wanderer, P Yamamoto, A TI Development of a prototype of superconducting combined function magnet for the 50 GeV proton beam line for the J-PARC neutrino experiment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE asymmetric structure; combined function; plastic spacer; proton beam line; superconducting magnet ID SYSTEM AB Superconducting combined function magnets will be utilized for the 50 GeV, 750 kW proton beam line for the J-PARC neutrino experiment and an R&D program has been launched at KEK. The magnet is designed to provide a combined function of a dipole field of 2.6 T with a quadrupole field of 19 T/m in a coil aperture of 173.4 mm. Critical magnet components including glass-fiber reinforced phenolic plastic spacers have been successfully developed. The mechanical design has been verified by a 100 mm long short-cut model, and coils have been wound for the first full-length prototype. C1 High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Superconducting Magnet Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Grad Univ Adv Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RP Nakamoto, T (reprint author), High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. EM tatsushi.nakamoto@kek.jp; iwamoto@shield4.tokai.jaeri.go.jp; obana@post.kek.jp; wanderer@bnl.gov RI Obana, Tetsuhiro/B-8944-2016; Iwamoto, Yosuke/G-5959-2012 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1144 EP 1147 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849515 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700016 ER PT J AU Gupta, R Anerella, M Harrison, M Sampson, W Schmalzle, J Ronningen, R Zeller, A AF Gupta, R Anerella, M Harrison, M Sampson, W Schmalzle, J Ronningen, R Zeller, A TI Radiation resistant HTS quadrupoles for RIA SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE high-temperature superconductor; HTS magnets; radiation resistant magnets; rare isotope accelerator AB Extremely high radiation, levels with accumulated doses comparable to those in nuclear reactors than in accelerators, and very high heat loads (similar to 15 kW) make the quadrupole magnets in the fragment separator one of the most challenging elements of the proposed Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA). Removing large heat loads, protecting the superconducting coils against quenching, the long term survivability of magnet components, and in particular, insulation that can retain its functionality in such a harsh environment, are the major challenges associated with such magnets. A magnet design based on commercially available high temperature superconductor (HTS) and stainless steel tape insulation has been developed. HTS will efficiently remove these large heat loads and stainless steel can tolerate these large radiation doses. Construction of a model magnet has been started with several coils already built and tested. This paper presents the basic magnet design, results of the coil tests, the status and the future plans. In addition, preliminary results of radiation calculations are also presented. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Michigan State Univ, NSCL, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Gupta, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM gupta@bnl.gov NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1148 EP 1151 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849516 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700017 ER PT J AU Gupta, R AF Gupta, R TI Optimum integral design for maximizing the field in short magnets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE corrector; magnet designs; medical applications; short magnets AB An Optimum Integral Design is introduced for cosine(n theta) coils where the entire end-to-end length of the coil generates field with the dilution from ends practically eliminated. The benefits of such a design are particularly significant in short magnets where the overall coil length is comparable to or a few times the coil diameter. The integral field strength is further enhanced since the design allows a larger number of turns than in typical magnet coils. In this concept, the ends and body harmonics are optimized together to create an integral cosine(n theta) azimuthal current distribution. The concept was initially developed for wire/cable wound magnets where the bend radius of turns in the ends can be small. However, the benefit of this general approach can be applied to cable magnets as well. The magnetic design of a corrector dipole for the AGS helical magnet, which was recently built and tested, is presented as one of several examples. The other examples include a few sub-compact designs: a dipole with coil length less than a coil diameter, a quadrupole with coil length less than a coil radius, etc. Apart from generating a large integral field for the given length, the computed integral field harmonics in these designs are only a few parts in 10,000 at 2/3 of the coil radius. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gupta, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM gupta@bnl.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1152 EP 1155 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849517 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700018 ER PT J AU Mattafirri, S Bartlett, SE Bish, PA Caspi, S Dietderich, DR Ferracin, P Gourlay, SA Hannaford, CR Hafalia, AR Lau, WG Lietzke, AF McInturff, AD Nyman, M Sabbi, GL Scanlan, RM AF Mattafirri, S Bartlett, SE Bish, PA Caspi, S Dietderich, DR Ferracin, P Gourlay, SA Hannaford, CR Hafalia, AR Lau, WG Lietzke, AF McInturff, AD Nyman, M Sabbi, GL Scanlan, RM TI Performance analysis of HD1: A 16 tesla Nb3Sn dipole magnet SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE Nb3Sn superconducting dipole; quench origin; quench propagation; quench protection AB The Superconducting Magnet Group at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) has been developing technology for high field accelerator magnets from brittle conductors. HD1 is a single bore block dipole magnet using two, double-layer Nb3Sn flat racetrack coils. The magnet was tested in October 2003 and reached a bore peak field of 16 T (94.5% of short sample). The average quench current plateau appeared to be limited by "stick slip" conductor motions. Diagnostics recorded quench origins and preload distributions. Cumulative deformation of the mechanical structure has been observed. Quench velocity in different field regions has been measured and compared with model predictions. The results obtained during the HD1 test are presented and discussed. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mattafirri, S (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM SMattafirri@lbl.gov NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1156 EP 1159 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849518 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700019 ER PT J AU Zlobin, AV Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Barzi, E Bossert, R Carcagno, R Chichili, DR Elementi, L Feher, S Kashikhin, VS Kashikhin, VV Lamm, MJ Novitski, I Pischalnikov, Y Sylvester, C Tartaglia, M Yamada, R AF Zlobin, AV Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Barzi, E Bossert, R Carcagno, R Chichili, DR Elementi, L Feher, S Kashikhin, VS Kashikhin, VV Lamm, MJ Novitski, I Pischalnikov, Y Sylvester, C Tartaglia, M Yamada, R TI Development and test of Nb3Sn cos-theta dipoles based on PIT strands SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE high field dipole; Nb3Sn strands and cables; powder-in-tube technology; superconducting accelerator magnets ID FERMILAB; FIELD; MODEL AB Fermilab is involved in the development of new generation high-field accelerator magnets using state-of-the-art Nb3Sn strands produced using different technologies. Two 1-m long models-mirror configuration and dipole magnet-were fabricated recently at Fermilab based on powder-in-tube (PIT) Nb3Sn strands with small effective filament size. This paper describes the parameters of superconducting strands and cable, the details of magnet design and fabrication procedure, and reports the results of PIT coil testing. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Zlobin, AV (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM zlobin@fnal.gov NR 7 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1160 EP 1163 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849519 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700020 ER PT J AU Gung, CY Martovetsky, NN Manahan, RR Minervini, JV Schultz, JH Sabbi, G Seidl, PA AF Gung, CY Martovetsky, NN Manahan, RR Minervini, JV Schultz, JH Sabbi, G Seidl, PA TI Construction and tests of HCX quadrupole doublet for heavy ion beam transport experiments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE cryogenics; heavy ion accelerators; superconducting magnets ID SUPERCONDUCTING FOCUSING QUADRUPOLES AB A cryostat housing a pair of previously tested quadrupole magnets has been constructed as a prototype focusing cell for the High Current Experiment (HCX) project. The doublet assembly was constructed with a room temperature beam tube. The magnets were reassembled, electrically connected in series, and tested to the short sample limiting current without further training. The doublet was more sensitive to the current ramping rate as compare with the previous performance. In order to build a compact vacuum jacket for the warm bore structure, a novel radiation insulation made of aluminum coated stainless steel foil was selected. The experiences in assembly of the doublet and fabrication of the cryostat are described. The thermal performances of the cryostat are reported. C1 Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gung, CY (reprint author), Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM gung@psfc.mit.edu; martovetsky1@llnl.gov; GLSabbi@lbl.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1171 EP 1174 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849523 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700023 ER PT J AU Ogitsu, T Ajima, Y Anerella, M Escallier, J Ganetis, G Gupta, R Hagedorn, D Harrison, M Higashi, N Iwamoto, Y Ichikawa, A Jain, A Kimura, N Kobayashi, T Makida, Y Muratore, J Nakamoto, T Obana, T Ohhata, H Parker, B Sasaki, K Takasaki, M Tanaka, K Terashima, A Tomaru, T Wanderer, P Yamamoto, A AF Ogitsu, T Ajima, Y Anerella, M Escallier, J Ganetis, G Gupta, R Hagedorn, D Harrison, M Higashi, N Iwamoto, Y Ichikawa, A Jain, A Kimura, N Kobayashi, T Makida, Y Muratore, J Nakamoto, T Obana, T Ohhata, H Parker, B Sasaki, K Takasaki, M Tanaka, K Terashima, A Tomaru, T Wanderer, P Yamamoto, A TI Superconducting combined function magnet system for J-PARC neutrino experiment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE accelerator safety; neutrinos; particle beam transport; superconducting accelerator magnets ID PROTON-BEAM LINE; DESIGN AB The J-PARC Neutrino Experiment, the construction of which starts in JFY 2004, will use a superconducting magnet system for its primary proton beam line. The system, which bends the 50 GeV 0.75 MW proton beam by about 80 degrees, consists of 28 superconducting combined function magnets. The magnets utilize single layer left/right asymmetric coils that generate a dipole field of 2.6 T and a quadrupole field of 18.6 T/m with the operation current of about 7.35 kA. The system also contains a few conduction cooled superconducting corrector magnets that serve as vertical and horizontal steering magnets. All the magnets are designed to provide a physical beam aperture of 130 mm in order to achieve a large beam acceptance. Extensive care is also required to achieve safe operation with the high power proton beam. The paper summarizes the system design as well as some safety analysis results. C1 KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Ogitsu, T (reprint author), KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. EM toru.ogitsu@kek.jp; dietrich.hagedorn@cern.ch; iwamoto@shield4.tokai.jaeri.go.jp; wanderer@bnl.gov RI Obana, Tetsuhiro/B-8944-2016; Iwamoto, Yosuke/G-5959-2012 NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1175 EP 1180 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849525 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700024 ER PT J AU Devred, A Gourlay, SA Yamamoto, A AF Devred, A Gourlay, SA Yamamoto, A TI Future accelerator magnet needs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE accelerator; superconducting magnets ID RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT; PARC NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT; UPPER CRITICAL FIELDS; PROTON-BEAM LINE; SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETS; DIPOLE DESIGN; LHC IR; MODEL; WIRES; COIL AB Superconducting magnet technology is continually evolving in order to meet the demanding needs of new accelerators and to provide necessary upgrades for existing machines. A variety of designs are now under development, including high fields and gradients, rapid cycling and novel coil configurations. This paper presents a summary of R&D programs in the EU, Japan and the USA. A performance comparison between NbTi and Nb3Sn along with fabrication and cost issues are also discussed. C1 CEA Saclay, DSM, DAPNIA, SACM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. CERN, Accelerator Technol Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RP CEA Saclay, DSM, DAPNIA, SACM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM arnaud.devred@cern.ch; sagourlay@lbl.gov; akira.yamamoto@kek.jp NR 59 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1192 EP 1199 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849530 PN 2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700028 ER PT J AU Orris, DF Carcagno, R Feher, S Makulski, A Pischainikov, YM AF Orris, DF Carcagno, R Feher, S Makulski, A Pischainikov, YM TI Voltage spike detection in high field superconducting accelerator magnets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE flux jump; high field; magnet; spike; superconducting AB A measurement system for the detection of small magnetic flux changes in superconducting magnets, which are due to either mechanical motion of the conductor or flux jump, has been developed at Fermilab. These flux changes are detected as small amplitude, short duration voltage spikes, which are similar to 15 mV in magnitude and lasts for similar to 30 mu sec. The detection system combines an analog circuit for the signal conditioning of two coil segments and a fast data acquisition system for digitizing the results, performing threshold detection, and storing the resultant data. The design of the spike detection system along with the modeling results and noise analysis will be presented. Data from tests of high field Nb3Sn magnets at currents up to similar to 20 KA will also be shown. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Orris, DF (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1205 EP 1208 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849532 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700030 ER PT J AU Ambrosio, G Bauer, P Bottura, L Haverkamp, M Pieloni, T Sanfilippo, S Velev, G AF Ambrosio, G Bauer, P Bottura, L Haverkamp, M Pieloni, T Sanfilippo, S Velev, G TI A scaling law for the snapback in superconducting accelerator magnets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE current distribution; decay and snapback; magnetization reversal; superconducting accelerator magnets ID FIELD DECAY; PROBE AB The decay, of the sextupole component in the bending dipoles during injection and the subsequent snapback at the start of beam acceleration are issues of common concern for all superconducting colliders built or in construction. Recent studies performed on LHC and Tevatron dipole magnets revealed many similarities in the snapback characteristics. Some are expected, e.g. the effect of operational history. One particular similarity, however, is striking and is the subject of this paper. It appears that there is a simple linear relation between the amount of sextupole drift during the decay and the magnet current (or field) change during the ramp required to resolve the snapback. It is surprising that the linear correlation between snapback amplitude and snapback field holds very well for all magnets of the same family (e.g. Tevatron or LHC dipoles). In this paper we present the data collected to date and discuss a simple theory, that explains the scaling found. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Twente, Enschede, Netherlands. RP Ambrosio, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM Luca.Bottura@cern.ch NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1217 EP 1220 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849535 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700033 ER PT J AU Jain, A Escallier, J Ganetis, G Louie, W Marone, A Thomas, R Wanderer, P AF Jain, A Escallier, J Ganetis, G Louie, W Marone, A Thomas, R Wanderer, P TI Magnetic field measurements for fast-changing magnetic fields SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE facility for antiproton and ion research; fast ramped magnets; magnetic field measurement; superconducting accelerator magnets ID SYSTEM AB Several recent applications for fast ramped magnets have been found that require rapid measurement of the field quality during the ramp. (In one instance, accelerator dipoles will be ramped at 1 T/sec, with measurements needed to the accuracy typically required for accelerators.) We have built and tested a new type of magnetic field measuring system to meet this need. The system consists of 16 stationary pickup windings mounted on a cylinder. The signals induced in the windings in a changing magnetic field are sampled and analyzed to obtain the field harmonics. To minimize costs, printed circuit boards were used for the pickup windings and a combination of amplifiers and ADC's used for the voltage readout system. New software was developed for the analysis. Magnetic field measurements of a model dipole developed for the SIS200 accelerator at GSI are presented. The measurements are needed to ensure that eddy currents induced by the fast ramps do not impact the field quality required for successful accelerator operation. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Superconducting Magnet Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Superconducting Magnet Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jain@bnl.gov; escallie@bnl.gov; ganetis1@bnl.gov; louie@bnl.gov; andym@bnl.gov; thomas1@bnl.gov; wanderer@bnl.gov NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1221 EP 1224 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849536 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700034 ER PT J AU Bernhard, A Chouhan, S Kostka, B Rossmanith, R Schindler, U Schneider, T Steffens, E Weisser, M AF Bernhard, A Chouhan, S Kostka, B Rossmanith, R Schindler, U Schneider, T Steffens, E Weisser, M TI Superconductive undulators with variable polarization direction SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE accelerator magnets; beams; magnetic field measurement; synchrotron radiation AB In the past planar superconductive undulators have been successfully developed and tested with beam. They produce linearly polarized light (X-rays) and allow to tune the emitted wavelength electrically. In this paper a novel type of superconductive undulators is introduced which allows to tune electrically in addition to the wavelength the polarization direction. A short prototype was built and tested in a LHe bath. C1 Inst Synchrotron Radiat, Karlsruhe, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys 2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Tech Phys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Bernhard, A (reprint author), Inst Synchrotron Radiat, Karlsruhe, Germany. EM Chouhan@bnl.gov; Rossmanith@anka.fzk.de; uwe@thetaphi.de; Steffens@skunk.physik.uni-erlangen.de NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1228 EP 1231 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849538 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700036 ER PT J AU Prestemon, SO Dietderich, DR Bartlett, SE Coleman, M Gourlay, SA Lietzke, AF Marks, S Mattafirri, S Scanlan, RM Schlueter, RD Wahrer, B Wang, B AF Prestemon, SO Dietderich, DR Bartlett, SE Coleman, M Gourlay, SA Lietzke, AF Marks, S Mattafirri, S Scanlan, RM Schlueter, RD Wahrer, B Wang, B TI Design, fabrication, and test results of undulators using Nb3Sn superconductor SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE Nb3Sn; stability; superconducting undulator AB An R&D effort is underway at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) to develop the technology of Nb3Sn superconducting undulators (SCUs). Issues relating to the selection of the appropriate conductor are discussed. The design and fabrication of SCUs using Nb3Sn is presented. Two prototype devices have been designed and fabricated at LBNL. The first device concentrated on basic fabrication issues and on magnet protection, a key concern due to extremely high copper current densities during a quench. Test on the first prototype demonstrated that such devices can be passively protected in a scalable manner. The second device incorporated design improvements as well as trim coils that are designed to serve as the basic element of a future active phase error correction approach. Preliminary tests on the second device are presented. The trim coils were successfully tested at a variety of field levels. Two quench runs were performed, both occurring at similar to 70% of short-sample J(c). Stability issues associated with flux-jumps and possible epoxy cracking are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, LBNL, Div Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, LBNL, Superconducting Magnet Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Prestemon, SO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, LBNL, Div Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM SOPrestemon@lbl.gov NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1236 EP 1239 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849540 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700038 ER PT J AU Kim, SH Doose, C Kustom, RL Moog, ER Thompson, KM AF Kim, SH Doose, C Kustom, RL Moog, ER Thompson, KM TI Design and development of a short-period superconducting undulator at the APS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE magnetic device; stability; superconducting magnet; synchrotron radiation; undulator AB A planar superconducting undulator (SCU) with a period of 15 mm is under development at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). The SCU is designed to achieve a peak field of 0.8 T on the beam axis for an 8 mm pole gap and a current density in the coil of 1.0 kA/mm(2). Short sections of low-carbon-steel cores with 12 and 22 periods were fabricated, and coil windings were completed with NbTi superconducting wire. After "training" by means of quenches, the SCUs were able to charge up to near the critical current density j(c) of 1.43 kA/mm2. Using a thin-film heater attached to the inner surface of a vacuum chamber wall, steady-state heat fluxes were applied to the coil/pole face of the 12-period SCU in 4.2 K liquid He (LHe). The heat flux densities needed to quench the SCU were measured. At 0.998j(c) and 0.8j(c) the thermal stability margins were about 1.3 mW/mm(2) and 2 mW/mm(2), respectively. The thermal stability margin of the SCU was affected by the latent beat of vaporization of LHe. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM shkim@aps.anl.gov; doose@aps.anl.gov; rlk@aps.anl.gov; moog@aps.anl.gov; kmt@aps.anl.gov NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1240 EP 1243 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849545 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700039 ER PT J AU Green, MA Yang, SQ Bravar, U Lau, W Li, D Strauss, BP Vorostek, SP Witte, H AF Green, MA Yang, SQ Bravar, U Lau, W Li, D Strauss, BP Vorostek, SP Witte, H TI The mechanical and thermal design for the MICE coupling solenoid magnet SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE muon cooling; superconducting solenoids AB The MICE coupling solenoids surround the RF cavities that are used to increase the longitudinal momentum of the muon beam that is being cooled within MICE. The coupling solenoids will have a warm-bore diameter of 1394 mm. This is the warm bore that is around the 200 MHz RF cavities. The coupling solenoid is a single superconducting coil fabricated from a copper matrix Nb-Ti conductor originally designed for MRI magnets. A single coupling magnet is designed so that it can be cooled with a single 1.5 W (at 4.2 K) cooler. The MICE cooling channel has two of these solenoids, which will be hooked together in series, for a magnet circuit with a total stored-energy of the order of 12.8 MJ. Quench protection for the coupling coils is discussed. This report also presents the mechanical and thermal design parameters for this magnet, including the results of finite element calculations of mechanical forces and heat flow in the magnet cold mass. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US DOE, Off Sci, Germantown, MD USA. RP Green, MA (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. EM magreen@lbl.gov; s.yang@physics.ox.ac.uk NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1279 EP 1282 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849569 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700049 ER PT J AU Knodel, M Candia, A Craddock, W Thompson, E Racine, M Weisend, JG AF Knodel, M Candia, A Craddock, W Thompson, E Racine, M Weisend, JG TI Availability and failure modes of the BaBar superconducting solenoid SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE availability; cryogenics; failure analysis; superconducting magnets AB A 1.5 T thin superconducting solenoid has been in operation as part of the BaBar detector since 1999. This magnet is a critical component of the BaBar experiment. A significant amount of magnet operating experience has been gathered. The average availability of this magnet currently approaches 99 percent. This paper describes the historical frequency and modes of unplanned magnet ramp downs and quenches. It also describes steps that have been taken to mitigate these failure modes as well as planned future improvements. C1 Drake Univ, Des Moines, IA 50311 USA. SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Knodel, M (reprint author), Drake Univ, Des Moines, IA 50311 USA. EM malloryknodel@hotmail.com; candia@slac.stanford.edu; wwc@slac.stanford.edu; thompson@slac.stanford.edu; racine@slac.stanford.edu; weisend@slac.stanford.edu NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1291 EP 1294 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849573 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700052 ER PT J AU Brindza, PD LeRose, JJ Leung, EM AF Brindza, PD LeRose, JJ Leung, EM TI Feasibility study of large combined function magnets for the Jefferson Lab 12 GeV upgrade SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE combined function magnets; detector magnets; nuclear physics magnets; spectrometer magnets AB The 12 GeV upgrade at Jefferson Lab [11] has identified two new large spectrometers as Physics detectors for the project. The first is a 7.5 Gev/c 35 m-sr. spectrometer that requires a pair of identical Combined Function Superconducting Magnets (CFSM) that can simultaneously produce 1.5 T dipole fields and 4.5 T/m quadrupole fields inside a warm bore of 120 cm. The second is an 11 GeV/c 2 m-sr. spectrometer that requires a CFSM that simultaneously produces a dipole field of 4.0 T and a quadruple field of 3.0 T/m in a 60 cm warm bore. Magnetic designs using TOSCA 3D have been performed to realize the magnetic requirements, provide 3d fields for optics analysis and produce field and force information for the engineering feasibility of the magnets. A two-sector cos(theta)/ cos(2 theta) design with a low nominal current density, warm bore and warm iron design has been selected and analyzed. These low current densities are consistent with the limits for a cryostable winding. The current paper will summarize the requirement definition of these two magnets. The conceptual design arrived at during the feasibility study involving the choice of conductors, thermal and structural analyses will be presented. A discussion of the manufacturing approach and challenges will be provided. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Magtec Engn Inc, San Diego, CA 92172 USA. RP Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM brindza@jlab.org; lerose@jlab.org; emleung1628@aol.com NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1295 EP 1298 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.8498574 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700053 ER PT J AU Zanino, R Egorov, S Kim, K Martovetsky, N Nunoya, Y Okuno, K Salpietro, E Sborchia, C Takahashi, Y Weng, P Bagnasco, M Richard, LS Polak, M Formisano, A Zapretilina, E Shikov, A Vedernikov, G Ciazynski, D Zani, L Muzzi, L Ricci, M della Corte, A Sugimoto, M Hamada, K Portone, A Hurd, F Mitchell, N Nijhuis, A Ilyin, Y AF Zanino, R Egorov, S Kim, K Martovetsky, N Nunoya, Y Okuno, K Salpietro, E Sborchia, C Takahashi, Y Weng, P Bagnasco, M Richard, LS Polak, M Formisano, A Zapretilina, E Shikov, A Vedernikov, G Ciazynski, D Zani, L Muzzi, L Ricci, M della Corte, A Sugimoto, M Hamada, K Portone, A Hurd, F Mitchell, N Nijhuis, A Ilyin, Y TI Preparation of the ITER poloidal field conductor insert (PFCI) test SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE ITER; NbTi; nuclear fusion; superconductors ID SOLENOID MODEL COIL; NBTI; JOINTS AB The Poloidal Field Conductor Insert (PFCI) of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) has been designed in the EU and is being manufactured at Tesla Engineering, UK, in the frame of a Task Agreement with the ITER International Team. Completion of the PFCI is expected at the beginning of 2005. Then, the coil shall be shipped to JAERI Naka, Japan, and inserted into the bore of the ITER Central Solenoid Model Coil, where it should be tested in 2005 to 2006. The PFCI consists of a NbTi dual-channel conductor, almost identical to the ITER PF1 and PF6 design, similar to 45 in long, with a 50 mm thick square stainless steel jacket, wound in a single-layer solenoid. It should carry up to 50 kA in a field of similar to 6 T, and it will be cooled by supercritical He at similar to 4.5 K and similar to 0.6 MPa. An intermediate joint, representative of the ITER PF joints and located at relatively high field, will be an important new item in the test configuration with respect to the previous ITER Insert Coils. The PFCI will be fully instrumented with inductive and resistive heaters, as well as with voltage taps, Hall probes pick-up coils, temperature sensors, pressure gauges, strain and displacement sensors. The test program will be aimed at DC and pulsed performance assessment of conductor and intermediate joint, AC loss measurement, stability and quench propagation, thermal-hydraulic characterization. Here we give an overview of the preparatory work toward the test, including a review of the coil manufacturing and of the available instrumentation, a discussion of the most likely test program items, and a presentation of the supporting modeling and characterization work performed so far. C1 Politecn Torino, Dipartimento Energet, I-10129 Turin, Italy. Efremov Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. LLNL, Livermore, CA USA. JAERI, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan. CSU, EFDA, Garching, Germany. IPP, Garching, Germany. ITER IT, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan. Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. IEE, Bratislava, Slovakia. Univ Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. VNIINM, Moscow, Russia. CEA, Cadarache, France. ENEA, Frascati, Italy. Univ Twente, Enschede, Netherlands. RP Politecn Torino, Dipartimento Energet, I-10129 Turin, Italy. EM roberto.zanino@polito.it RI Formisano, Alessandro/F-2841-2012; OI Formisano, Alessandro/0000-0002-7007-5759; Muzzi, Luigi/0000-0001-8465-3364 NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1346 EP 1350 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849083 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700064 ER PT J AU Bruzzone, P Bagnasco, M Bessette, D Ciazynski, D Formisano, A Gislon, P Hurd, F Ilyin, Y Martone, R Martovetsky, N Muzzi, L Nijhuis, A Rajainmaki, H Sborchia, C Stepanov, B Verdini, L Wesche, R Zani, L Zanino, R Zapretilina, E AF Bruzzone, P Bagnasco, M Bessette, D Ciazynski, D Formisano, A Gislon, P Hurd, F Ilyin, Y Martone, R Martovetsky, N Muzzi, L Nijhuis, A Rajainmaki, H Sborchia, C Stepanov, B Verdini, L Wesche, R Zani, L Zanino, R Zapretilina, E TI Test results of the ITER PF insert conductor short sample in SULTAN SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE Cable-in-conduit conductor; ITER; joint resistance; niobium-titanium; self-field induced quench ID IN-CONDUIT CONDUCTORS AB A short sample of the NbTi cable-in-conduit conductor (CICC) manufactured for the ITER PF insert coil has been tested in the SULTAN facility at CRPP. The short sample consists of two paired conductor sections, identical except for the sub-cable and outer wraps, which have been removed from one of the sections before jacketing. The test program for conductor and joint includes DC performance, cyclic load and AC loss, with a large number of voltage taps and Hall sensors for current distribution. At high operating current, the DC behavior is well below expectations, with temperature margin lower than specified in the ITER design criteria. The conductor without wraps has higher tolerance to current unbalance. The joint resistance is by far higher than targeted. C1 CRPP, EPFL, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Politecn Torino, I-10129 Turin, Italy. CTA, ITER, D-85748 Garching, Germany. CEA Cadarache, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. Univ Naples 2, I-81031 Aversa, Italy. ENEA, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. EFDA, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Twente, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. LLNL, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. DV Efremov Sci Res Inst Electrophys Apparatus, St Petersburg 196641, Russia. RP CRPP, EPFL, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. EM bruzzone@psi.ch; maurizio.bagnasco@polito.it; bessetted@itereu.de; daniel.ciazynski@cae.fr; A.Formisano@unina.it; ggislon@frascati.enea.it; hurdf@ipp.mpg.de; martone@unina.it; martovetsky1@llnl.gov; muzzi@frascati.enea.it; A.Nijhuis@tnw.utwente.nl; hannu.rajainmaki@tech.efda.or; sborchc@ipp.mpg.de; stepanov@psi.ch; verdini@frascati.enea.it; wesche@psi.ch; louis.zani@cea.fr; roberto.zanino@polito.it RI Formisano, Alessandro/F-2841-2012; OI Formisano, Alessandro/0000-0002-7007-5759; Martone, Raffaele/0000-0002-5675-5491; Muzzi, Luigi/0000-0001-8465-3364 NR 17 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1351 EP 1354 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849084 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700065 ER PT J AU Ciazynski, D Bessette, D Bruzzone, P Martovetsky, N Stepanov, B Wesche, R Zani, L Zanino, R Zapretilina, E AF Ciazynski, D Bessette, D Bruzzone, P Martovetsky, N Stepanov, B Wesche, R Zani, L Zanino, R Zapretilina, E TI DC performances of ITER NbTi conductors: Models vs. measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE cable-in-conduit; critical current; ITER; niobium titanium; PF coils AB Within the R&D program on the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) Poloidal Field (PF) coils, a full size conductor sample was tested in the SULTAN facility (CRPP Villigen, Switzerland). This sample is composed of two straight ITER-like cable-in-conduit conductors, using the same NbTi strand. The two conductors are identical except that one leg has a cable containing steel wraps around the main subcables as in the ITER design, while the other has no wraps inside. The paper presents conductor DC test results compared to predictions given by various models developed within ITER-associated laboratories. These models aim to predict the DC behavior of the cable from the experimental performances of the single strand. They have to explain the observed voltage-current (V-I) or voltage-temperature (V-T) characteristics, including the thermal runaways. The lower experimental performances compared to all expectations have shown the necessity to revise the models and to introduce a possible uneven current distribution among the strands of the cables. C1 CEA Cadarache, DRFC, DSM, EURATOM, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, ITER, CTA, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Switzerland Euratom Assoc, EPFL, CRPP TF, Villigen, Switzerland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EPTO, Turin, Italy. Efremov Inst, NIIEFA, St Petersburg, Russia. RP CEA Cadarache, DRFC, DSM, EURATOM, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. EM daniel.ciazynski@cea.fr; bessetd@itereu.de; pierluigi.bruzzone@psi.ch; martovetsky1@llnl.gov; boris.stepanov@psi.ch; rainer.wesche@psi.ch; louis.zani@cea.fr; zanino@polito.it; egorovsa@sintez.niiefa.spb.su NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1355 EP 1358 DI 10.1109/TASC.20053.849086 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700066 ER PT J AU Martovetsky, NN Bruzzone, P Stepanov, B Wesche, R Gung, CY Minervini, JV Takayasu, M Goodrich, LF Ekin, JW Nijhuis, A AF Martovetsky, NN Bruzzone, P Stepanov, B Wesche, R Gung, CY Minervini, JV Takayasu, M Goodrich, LF Ekin, JW Nijhuis, A TI Effect of conduit material on CWX performance under high cycling loads SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE Nb3Sn cable in conduit; superconducting cables; superconducting filaments and wires ID SOLENOID MODEL COIL; INSERT; FIELD; CONDUCTORS AB Recent International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) Model Coils and tests on Nb-3 So Cable in Conduit Conductors (CICC) showed a significant and unexpected increase in the broadness of the transition to the normal state, resulting in degradation of superconducting properties. To investigate these phenomena, two CICC samples were built with identical 144 strand cables but different conduit materials. One sample had titanium conduit with low coefficient of thermal expansion, the other had stainless steel conduit. The purpose of this experiment was to study changes in strand properties in the cable (critical current, current sharing temperature, n-value), the effects of cycling and high electromagnetic load, and the effect of the conduit on the CICC performance. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. CRPP, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Twente, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. RP Martovetsky, NN (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM martovetsky1@llnl.gov; pierluigi.bruzzone@psi.ch; minervini@psfc.mit.edu; goodrich@boulder.nist.gov; a.nijhuis@tn.utwente.nl NR 12 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1367 EP 1370 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849091 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700069 ER PT J AU Hafalia, AR Caspi, S Bartlett, SE Dietderich, DR Ferracin, P Gourlay, SA Hannaford, CR Higley, H Lietzke, AF Lau, B Liggins, N Mattafirri, S McInturff, AD Nyman, M Sabbi, GL Scanlan, RM Swanson, J AF Hafalia, AR Caspi, S Bartlett, SE Dietderich, DR Ferracin, P Gourlay, SA Hannaford, CR Higley, H Lietzke, AF Lau, B Liggins, N Mattafirri, S McInturff, AD Nyman, M Sabbi, GL Scanlan, RM Swanson, J TI Structure for an LHC 90 mm Nb3Sn quadrupole magnet SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE bladders; keys; Nb3Sn; quadrupole AB A full-scale mechanical model of the LHC Nb3Sn quadrupole magnet structure has been designed, built and tested. The structure will support a 90 mm bore, Im long magnet prototype as part of the US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP). The structure utilizes Bladder and Key Technology to control and transfer pre-stress from an outer aluminum shell to an inner coil. Axial aluminum rods take care of pre-stress at the ends-ensuring that the coil is fully constrained along all three axes. The outer aluminum shell and an inner "dummy coil" (aluminum tube) were extensively instrumented with strain gauges. The gauges were used to monitor and map the effectiveness of the stress relation between the loading structure and a "dummy" coil through varying mechanical load conditions-from bladder and key pre-stress at room temperature through cool-down. Test results of the stress distribution in the structure and the in dummy coil is reported and compared with expected results calculated with the structural analysis program ANSYS. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hafalia, AR (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rrhafalia@lbl.gov NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1444 EP 1447 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849121 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700088 ER PT J AU Kashikhin, VS AF Kashikhin, VS TI Novel design for a superconducting multipole corrector magnet SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE corrector; multipole; racetracks; superconducting magnet AB A novel concept of a superconducting, multipole corrector magnet is presented. This magnet is assembled from 12 identical racetrack-type coils powered by separate power supplies, and can generate any combination of dipole, quadrupole, and sextupole magnetic fields. In the case of normal dipole, quadrupole, and sextupole fields the total field is symmetrical relative to the magnet median plane and there are only five, powered separately coil groups. The new type of multipole corrector magnet, which has been proposed for BTeV project at Fermilab has the following advantages: universal configuration, simple manufacture, and a high mechanical stability. The results of the magnetic design, including the field quality and magnetic forces in comparison with known shell-type superconducting correctors, are presented. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kashikhin, VS (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM kash@fnal.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1448 EP 1451 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849123 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700089 ER PT J AU Caspi, S Bartlett, SE Dietderich, DR Ferracin, P Gourlay, SA Hannaford, CR Hafalia, AR Lietzke, AF Mattafirri, S Nyman, M Sabbi, G AF Caspi, S Bartlett, SE Dietderich, DR Ferracin, P Gourlay, SA Hannaford, CR Hafalia, AR Lietzke, AF Mattafirri, S Nyman, M Sabbi, G TI Measured strain in Nb3Sn coils during excitation and quench SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE quench; strain gauge; superconducting ID PROTOTYPE; MAGNETS; ENERGY AB The strain in a high field Nb3Sn coil was measured during magnet assembly, cool-down, excitation and spot heater quenches. Strain was measured with a full bridge strain gauge mounted directly over the turns and impregnated with the coil. Two such coils were placed in a "common coil" fashion capable of reaching 11 T at 4.2 K. The measured steady state strain in the coil is compared with results obtained using the FEM code ANSYS. During quenches, the transient strain (due to temperature rise) was also measured and compared with the calculated mechanical time response to a quench. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Caspi, S (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM s_caspi@lbl.gov NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1461 EP 1464 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849128 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700092 ER PT J AU Feher, S Carcagno, R Orris, D Pischalnikov, Y Sylvester, C Tartaglia, M Tompkins, JC AF Feher, S Carcagno, R Orris, D Pischalnikov, Y Sylvester, C Tartaglia, M Tompkins, JC TI Tevatron HTS power lead test SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE accelerator; HTS leads; superconducting magnet AB Two pairs of ASC 6 kA power leads developed for the Tevatron were successfully tested at Fermilab at over-current conditions. Stable operation was achieved while operating at a current of 9.56 kA for five hours and while continuously ramping between 0-9.56 kA at a ramp rate of 200 A/s for one hour. The minimum required liquid nitrogen flow rate was measured to be 1.5 g/s at 10 kA. After ramping up to 10 kA at 200 A/s, it took only 15 minutes to stabilize the upper copper section of the lead with a flow of 1.8 g/s of liquid nitrogen vapor. Testing under extreme operating conditions-270-370 kPa liquid nitrogen vapor pressure and over 0.1 T external magnetic field-demonstrated that the HTS part of the lead can safely operate in the current sharing mode and that this design has large operating margin. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM fehers@fnal.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1488 EP 1491 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849138 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700099 ER PT J AU Tartaglia, AA Carcagno, RH Feher, S Huang, Y Orris, DF Pischatnikov, Y Rabehl, RJ Sylvester, C Zbasnik, J AF Tartaglia, AA Carcagno, RH Feher, S Huang, Y Orris, DF Pischatnikov, Y Rabehl, RJ Sylvester, C Zbasnik, J TI Production LHC HTS power lead test results SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE cryogenics; high Tc; power leads; superconducting magnets AB The Fermilab Magnet test facility has built and operated a test stand to characterize the performance of HTS power leads. We report here the results of production tests of 20 pairs of 7.5 kA HTS power leads manufactured by industry for installation in feed boxes for the LHC Interaction Region quadrupole strings. Included are discussions of the thermal, electrical, and quench characteristics under "standard" and "extreme" operating conditions, and the stability of performance across thermal cycles. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tartaglia, AA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM tartaglia@fnal.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1500 EP 1503 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849146 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700102 ER PT J AU Rabehl, R Carcagno, R Feher, S Huang, Y Orris, D Pischalnikov, Y Sylvester, C Tartaglia, M AF Rabehl, R Carcagno, R Feher, S Huang, Y Orris, D Pischalnikov, Y Sylvester, C Tartaglia, M TI New facility for testing LHC HTS power leads SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE control systems; cryogenics; power leads; test facilities AB A new facility for testing HTS power leads at the Fermilab Magnet Test Facility has been designed and operated. The facility has successfully tested 19 pairs of HTS power leads, which are to be integrated into the Large Hadron Collider Interaction Region cryogenic feed boxes. This paper describes the design and operation of the cryogenics, process controls, data acquisition, and quench management systems. HTS power lead test results from the commissioning phase of the project are also presented. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Rabehl, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM rabehl@fnal.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1504 EP 1507 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849148 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700103 ER PT J AU Carcagno, R Feher, S Garvey, J Jaskiemy, W Lamm, A Makulski, A Orris, DF Pfeffer, H Tartaglia, A Tompkins, J Wolff, D AF Carcagno, R Feher, S Garvey, J Jaskiemy, W Lamm, A Makulski, A Orris, DF Pfeffer, H Tartaglia, A Tompkins, J Wolff, D TI New 30 kA power system at Fermilab and its use for measuring the effects of ripple current on the performance of superconducting high field magnets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE high field; power systems; ripple; superconducting magnets AB A new 30 kA, 30 V dc Power System was designed, built, and commissioned at Fermilab for testing Superconducting High Field Magnets. This system has been successfully supporting operations at the Fermilab Magnet Test Facility since April 2002. It is based on six commercial 150 kW Power Energy Industries power supply modules and the following in-house modules: six 720 Hz filters, two 15 kA/1 kV dc solid-state dump switch, and a 3 MJ/30 kA/1 kV dc dump resistor. Additional in-house electronic components were designed and built to provide precise current regulation and distribution of current and current rate of change. An industrial-type Programmable Logic Controller system was used to provide equipment interlocks and monitoring. This paper summarizes studies on the influence of characteristics of this new power system-such as ripple current-on the performance of High Field Superconducting magnets. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Carcagno, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM ruben@fnal.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1520 EP 1523 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849153 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700107 ER PT J AU Dietderich, DR Bartlett, SE Caspi, S Ferracin, P Gourlay, SA Higley, HC Lietzke, AF Mattafirri, S McInturff, AD Sabbi, GL Scanlan, RA AF Dietderich, DR Bartlett, SE Caspi, S Ferracin, P Gourlay, SA Higley, HC Lietzke, AF Mattafirri, S McInturff, AD Sabbi, GL Scanlan, RA TI Correlation between strand stability and magnet performance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE critical current; flux jumps; magnet; Nb3Sn; RRR; stability ID DIPOLE MAGNET AB Magnet programs at BNL, LBNL and FNAL have observed instabilities in high J(c) Nb3Sn strands and magnets made from these strands. This paper correlates the strand stability determined from a short sample-strand test to the observed magnet performance. It has been observed that strands that carry high currents at high fields (greater than 10 T) cannot sustain these same currents at low fields (1-3 T) when the sample current is fixed and the magnetic field is ramped. This suggests that the present generation of strand is susceptible to flux jumps (FJ). To prevent flux jumps from limiting stand performance, one must accommodate the energy released during a flux jump. To better understand FJ this work has focused on wire with a given sub-element diameter and shows that one can significantly improve stability by increasing the copper conductivity (higher residual resistivity ratio, RRR, of the Cu). This increased stability significantly improves the conductor performance and permits it to carry more current. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dietderich, DR (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM drdietderich@lbl.gov NR 23 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1524 EP 1528 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849155 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700108 ER PT J AU Barzi, E Andreev, N Kashikhin, VV Turrioni, D Zlobin, AV AF Barzi, E Andreev, N Kashikhin, VV Turrioni, D Zlobin, AV TI Study of Nb3Sn cable stability at self-field using a SC transformer SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE instability; Nb3Sn; rutherford cable; superconducting transformer AB A superconducting current transformer with a maximum DC current of 28 kA has been used for Nb3Sn cable testing at self-fields under various experimental conditions. A fast data acquisition system was developed and used for accurate measurements of the secondary current. Test results are shown for thirty cables made of MJR, RRP and PIT strands, along with a description of the SC transformer, sample preparation and test procedure. It was found that premature quenches at currents significantly lower than the expected critical currents at low fields were due to electromagnetic instabilities in the superconductor. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Barzi, E (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM barzi@fnal.gov NR 4 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1537 EP 1540 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849160 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700111 ER PT J AU Barzi, E Wokas, T Zlobin, AV AF Barzi, E Wokas, T Zlobin, AV TI Sensitivity of Nb3Sn Rutherford-type cables to transverse pressure SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE critical current; Nb3Sn; rutherford cable; transverse pressure AB Fermilab is developing high field superconducting magnets for future accelerators based on Nb3Sn strands. Testing the critical current of superconducting cables under compression is a means to appraise the performance of the produced magnet. However, these cable tests are expensive and labor-intensive. A fixture to assess the superconducting performance of a Nb3Sn strand within a reacted and impregnated cable under pressure was designed and built at Fermilab. Several Rutherford-type cables were fabricated at Fermilab and at LBNL using multifilamentary Nb3Sn strands. The sensitivity of Nb3Sn to transverse pressure was measured for a number of Nb3Sn technologies (Modified Jelly Roll, Powder-in-Tube, Internal Tin, and Restack Rod Process). Results on the effect of a stainless steel core in the cable are also shown. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Barzi, E (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM barzi@fnal.gov NR 7 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1541 EP 1544 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849162 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700112 ER PT J AU Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Bartlett, SE Barzi, E Denarie, CH Dietderich, D Ghosh, AK Verweij, AP Zlobin, AV AF Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Bartlett, SE Barzi, E Denarie, CH Dietderich, D Ghosh, AK Verweij, AP Zlobin, AV TI Critical current and instability threshold measurement of Nb3Sn cables for high field accelerator magnets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE critical current; niobium-tin; superconducting cables; superconductor instability AB Rutherford-type cables made of high critical current Nb3Sn strands are being used in several laboratories for developing new generation superconducting magnets for present and future accelerators and upgrades. Testing of cable short samples is an important part of these R&D programs and the instability problem found in some short model magnets at Fermilab made these tests even more significant. Fermilab in collaboration with BNL, CERN and LBNL has developed sample holders and sample preparation infrastructure and procedures for testing Nb3Sn cable short samples at BNL and CERN test facilities. This paper describes the sample holders, sample preparation and instrumentation, and test results. Several samples made of MJR or PIT strands 1 mm in diameter have been tested. Some samples were unstable (i.e. quenched at low transport currents) at low fields and reached the critical surface at higher fields. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Ambrosio, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM giorgioa@fnal.gov NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1545 EP 1549 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849163 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700113 ER PT J AU Feher, S Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Barzi, E Bordini, B Bossert, R Carcagno, R Kashikhin, VI Kashikhin, VV Lamm, MJ Novitski, I Orris, D Pischalnikov, Y Sylvester, C Tartaglia, M Yamada, R Zlobin, AV AF Feher, S Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Barzi, E Bordini, B Bossert, R Carcagno, R Kashikhin, VI Kashikhin, VV Lamm, MJ Novitski, I Orris, D Pischalnikov, Y Sylvester, C Tartaglia, M Yamada, R Zlobin, AV TI Cable testing for Fermilab's High Field Magnets using small racetrack coils SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE accelerator; high field dipole; magnet; Nb3Sn AB As part of the High Field Magnet program at Fermilab simple magnets have been designed utilizing small racetrack coils based on a sound mechanical structure and bladder technique developed by LBNL. Two of these magnets have been built in order to test Nb3Sn cables used in cos-theta dipole models. The powder-in-tube strand based cable exhibited excellent performance. It reached its critical current limit within 14 quenches. Modified jelly roll strand based cable performance was limited by magnetic instabilities at low fields similar to previously tested dipole models which used similar cable. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Feher, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM fehers@fnal.gov NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1550 EP 1553 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849166 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700114 ER PT J AU Duckworth, RC Gouge, AJ Caughman, J Lue, JW Demko, JA Tolbert, J Thieme, CLH Verebelyi, DT AF Duckworth, RC Gouge, AJ Caughman, J Lue, JW Demko, JA Tolbert, J Thieme, CLH Verebelyi, DT TI On the effect of NiW on the inductance and AC loss of HTS cables SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE AC loss; cable inductance; magnetic substrates; superconducting cables ID COATED CONDUCTORS AB The impact of Ni-5at % W substrates on ac loss and inductance of HTS cables was examined. Two 1.2-m prototype cables were made with stainless steel laminated BSCCO tapes and were wound on a 25.4 mm diameter former. Each cable consisted of two layers of 15 BSCCO tapes wound at opposite lay angles and has an estimated critical current of 3000 A at 77 K. One cable had four additional layers of 4.8 mm wide Ni-5at%W tape co-wound with the BSCCO tapes to simulate a commercial second generation HTS cable. The Ni-5at%W tapes had the same width as the BSCCO and a thickness of 50 microns. Through the use of a coaxial copper ground, the cable inductance was measured at room temperature and liquid nitrogen (77 K) using high frequency rf measurement techniques. Experimental results for the cable inductance and ac loss were compared against numerical calculations to determine the significance of the Ni-5at%W substrate contribution. Results indicate that inductance and ac loss changes from these substrates in commercial cables should be small. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Southwire Co, Carrollton, GA 30119 USA. Amer Supercond, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. RP Duckworth, RC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM rdt@oml.gov NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1578 EP 1582 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849178 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700121 ER PT J AU Duckworth, RC Gouge, MJ Lue, JW Thieme, CLH Verebelyi, DT AF Duckworth, RC Gouge, MJ Lue, JW Thieme, CLH Verebelyi, DT TI Substrate and stabilization effects on the transport AC losses in YBCO coated conductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE AC loss; ferromagnetic loss; nickel alloy substrate; YBCO coated conductor ID TAPES; FIELD AB In support of second generation HTS conductor development for ac applications, transport ac loss measurements were conducted on a series of RABiTS-processed YBa2Cu3Ox (YBCO) coated conductors with different nickel alloy substrates and copper stabilization at 77 K. Each 1-cm wide sample had a critical current density between 1.0 and 2.0 MA/cm(2) and had either a 75 mu m Ni-5at%W substrate or a 75 mu m Ni-10%Cr-2%W substrate with 2-mu m nickel overlayer. Samples with copper stabilization had a 50-mu m strip of 1 cm wide copper laminated to a 3-mu m thick silver coated YBCO sample. Using thermal and electrical measurement techniques, the ac losses were measured as a function of the peak current ratio at 60 Hz. Experimental results were compared to the Norris thin strip and elliptical models to determine the influence of the ferromagnetic loss of the substrate and the copper lamination on the total ac loss. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Amer Supercond, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. RP Duckworth, RC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM rdt@ornl.gov NR 14 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1583 EP 1586 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849181 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700122 ER PT J AU Feher, S Bordini, B Carcagno, R Makulski, A Orris, DE Pischalnikov, YM Sylvester, C Tartaglia, M Tompkins, JC Zlobin, AV AF Feher, S Bordini, B Carcagno, R Makulski, A Orris, DE Pischalnikov, YM Sylvester, C Tartaglia, M Tompkins, JC Zlobin, AV TI Sudden flux change studies in high field superconducting accelerator magnets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE terms-accelerator; high field dipole; magnet; Nb3Sn AB As part of the High Field Magnet Program at Fermilab many magnets have been tested which utilize multi strand Rutherford type cable made of state-of-the art Nb3Sn strands. During these magnet tests we observed sudden flux changes by monitoring coil voltages and the magnetic field close to the magnets. These flux changes might be linked to magnet instabilities. The voltage spike signals were correlated with quench antenna signals, a strong indication that these are magnet phenomena. With a new high resolution voltage spike detection system, we were able to observe the detailed structure of the spikes. Two fundamentally different signal shapes were distinguished, most likely generated by different mechanisms. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Feher, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM fehers@fnal.gov NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1591 EP 1594 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849186 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700124 ER PT J AU Kashikhin, VV Zlobin, AV AF Kashikhin, VV Zlobin, AV TI Magnetic instabilities in Nb3Sn strands and cables SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE magnetic fields; superconducting accelerator magnets; superconducting filaments and wires ID DIPOLE MODELS; FIELD; SUPERCONDUCTORS; STABILITY AB This paper describes a model for calculation of magnetic instabilities in superconducting wires with transport current and reports results of instability simulations in Nb3Sn strands from different manufacturers. The effect of magnetic instabilities on the strand and cable performance is presented and a criterion for the maximum effective sub-element size of strands for high field magnets is formulated. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kashikhin, VV (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM vadim@fnal.gov NR 20 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1621 EP 1624 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849208 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700131 ER PT J AU McDonald, J Barzi, E AF McDonald, J Barzi, E TI Fast algorithm for computing inductive voltages in a network model of a rutherford cable SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE fast-multipole methods; numerical analysis; stability; superconducting cables ID MULTISTRAND SUPERCONDUCTING CABLES; STABILITY AB The fast multipole method (FMM) is applied to the electromagnetic analysis of a network model for a Rutherford cable. The FMM allows the inductive-voltage effects to be included accurately (error << 1%) without the need to store, access, or invert the full inductance matrix. Applications of the resulting algorithm are discussed: relaxation of boundary-induced coupling currents, stability, and quench propagation. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Austin, TX 78758 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Tech Div, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP McDonald, J (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Austin, TX 78758 USA. EM mcdonaldjas@saic.com; barzi@fnal.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1625 EP 1628 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849210 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700132 ER PT J AU Young, MA Gouge, MJ Pace, MO Demko, JA Duckworth, RC Lue, JW Fathy, A AF Young, MA Gouge, MJ Pace, MO Demko, JA Duckworth, RC Lue, JW Fathy, A TI An investigation of the current distribution in the triaxial cable and its operational impacts on a power system SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE ac loss; alternative transients program; HTS cable; power transmission; triaxial AB An investigation of the current distribution in a three-phase triaxial superconducting cable is underway to study phase imbalances under steady-state operation and to assist in the construction of a transient model to study operational impacts of the cable in a power grid. The triaxial cable consists of three superconducting concentric phases inside a copper shield, with each phase composed of multiple layers of BSCCO tape wound helically in opposite directions. Current distribution among the phases of the cable is determined by using an electric circuit (EC) model containing the self and mutual inductances resulting from both axial and tangential fields. An ac loss term is also included in the model. Building on the EC model, a lumped cable model is used to investigate the effects of the triaxial cable on a power grid when faults are applied to the system. Cable lengths practical for future applications (similar to 10 km) are considered. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Young, MA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM myoung7@utk.edu; gougemj@ornl.gov; mpace@utk.edu NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1751 EP 1754 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849273 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700163 ER PT J AU Demko, JA Lue, JW Duckworth, RC Young, MA Gouge, MJ Lindsay, D Tolbert, J Roden, M Willen, D Traeholt, C AF Demko, JA Lue, JW Duckworth, RC Young, MA Gouge, MJ Lindsay, D Tolbert, J Roden, M Willen, D Traeholt, C TI Testing of a 1.5-m single-phase short-sample cable made with copper laminated HTS tapes at ORNL SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE cryogenic; high-temperature superconductivity; power transmission lines AB The use of high temperature superconducting (HTS) materials for power transmission cable applications is being realized in several utility demonstration projects. Tape testing on short-sample cables is conducted to determine the suitability of HTS tapes for use in different cable designs. Testing includes determining the DC critical current, ac loss and overcurrent behavior in a wound cable configuration. The short-sample cable configuration is similar in physical respects, such as winding diameter, winding pitch, application of dielectric, to a practical length cable. With more attention being paid to the short-circuit fault protection, the over-current pulse behavior of the cable will be tested thoroughly. The temperature history of the cable in the radial direction and the re-cooling of the cable will be monitored and compared with a model calculation. This paper describes the testing and results from one such series of tests of a short-sample cable made with copper laminated HTS tapes for use in future projects. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Southwire Co, Carrolltown, GA 30119 USA. RP Demko, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM demkoja@ornl.gov; luejw@ornl.gov; duckworthrc@ornl.gov; youngmaii@ornl.gov; gougemj@ornl.gov; DAVID_LINDSAY@southwire.com; Jerry_Tolbert@southwire.com; Mark_Roden@southwire.com; d.willen@nkt-research.dk; c.traeholt@nkt-research.dk NR 2 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1755 EP 1758 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849274 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700164 ER PT J AU Gouge, MJ Lindsay, DT Demko, JA Duckworth, RC Ellis, AR Fisher, PW James, DR Lue, JW Roden, ML Sauers, I Tolbert, JC Traeholt, C Willen, D AF Gouge, MJ Lindsay, DT Demko, JA Duckworth, RC Ellis, AR Fisher, PW James, DR Lue, JW Roden, ML Sauers, I Tolbert, JC Traeholt, C Willen, D TI Tests of tri-axial HTS cables SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE cryogenic terminations; high-temperature superconductivity; power transmission lines ID POWER CABLE AB The Ultera/ORNL team have built and tested 3-m and 5-m triaxial cables rated at 3 and 1.3 kA-rms, respectively. The three concentric superconducting phases are made of BSCCO-2223 HTS tapes, separated by layers of cold-dielectric tapes. A copper braid is added as the grounding shield on the outside of the three active phases. Tests of these cables were performed at temperatures ranging from 70 to 84 K. AC loss data reconfirmed the previous result on a 1.5-m prototype cable that the total 3-phase ac loss is about the sum of the calculated ac losses of the three concentric phases. These and other test results of the 1.3 and 3 kA cables will be used to construct a second 5-m triaxial cable rated at 3 kA-rms, 15 kV. Preliminary test results supporting this new cable and the associated termination are summarized. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Southwire Co, Carrollton, GA 30119 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM gougemj@ornl.gov; DAVID_LINDSAY@southwire.com; CTR@nkt-research.dk; CTR@nkt-research.dk; d.willen@nkt-research.dk NR 13 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1827 EP 1830 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849304 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700181 ER PT J AU Lue, JWW Gouge, MJ Duckworth, RC AF Lue, JWW Gouge, MJ Duckworth, RC TI Over-current testing of HTS tapes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE high-temperature superconductor; power transmission cable; short circuit AB High-temperature superconducting (HTS) transmission cables are subjected to short-circuit fault currents 10 to 30 times the normal operating current and lasting up to 15 cycles. These over-currents will drive the HTS conductor normal and generate heat during the fault. A concern is whether the fault current will either electromechanically or thermally damage the HTS conductor and degrade it or burn-out the tape altogether. Electromechanical and thermal limitations of over-current pulses were measured on BSCCO and YBCO tapes in a liquid nitrogen bath. With pulse lengths as short as 35 ms, it is found that single BSCCO and YBCO tapes can be pulsed to at least 1 to 1.2 kA without being damaged electromechanically. Longer pulses at moderate (450-750 A) over-currents indicated that HTS tapes can be heated transiently to over 400 K without suffering degradation. Thus, it is likely that other considerations of the cable rather than the HTS tape itself would set the limit for short-circuit fault protection. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lue, JWW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM luejw@cox.net; gougemj@ornl.gov; duck-worthrc@ornl.gov NR 2 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1835 EP 1838 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.8496306 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700183 ER PT J AU Cha, YS AF Cha, YS TI Semi-empirical correlation for quench time of inductively coupled fault current limiter SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE critical current; fault current limiters; magnetic diffusion; quench time ID MAGNETIC DIFFUSION; SUPERCONDUCTORS AB Experimental results on the quench time of an inductively coupled fault current limiter are presented. The quench time is defined as the period between the initiation of the fault and the time when the device begins to limit the current. The experimental results show that the fault current limiter begins to limit the current well before the superconductor is fully quenched. A semi-empirical model, based on a lumped-parameter circuit analysis, is developed to predict the quench time. The model assumes that the average power dissipated in the fault current limiter is used to heat up the superconductor. The derived equation indicates that the quench time depends on the properties of the superconductor, the design parameters of the fault current limiter, and the system parameters. There is very little dissipation in the superconductor when the system voltage is less than the critical voltage of the superconductor. Therefore, the over-voltage (system voltage minus the critical voltage), instead of the system voltage, should be used in calculating the quench time. The quench time calculated from the semi-empirical correlation agrees well with experimental data. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Cha, YS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM yscha@anl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1974 EP 1977 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849348 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700217 ER PT J AU Duron, J Antognazza, L Decroux, M Grilli, F Stavrev, S Dutoit, B Fischer, O AF Duron, J Antognazza, L Decroux, M Grilli, F Stavrev, S Dutoit, B Fischer, O TI 3-D finite element simulations of strip lines in a YBCO/Au fault current limiter SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE fault currents; numerical modeling; superconducting devices; superconducting thin films ID HIGH-CURRENT DENSITIES; FILMS AB Geometrical aspects of the design of fault current limiters (FCL) have a great impact on their performances. Recently, the University of Geneva have made certain optimizations by splitting the FCL into many small dissipative lengths in order to achieve a distributed transition along the device. For this paper, we have performed new 3D finite element method (FEM) simulations for studying the behavior of strip lines of a YBCO/Au FCL in an AC nominal use (sinusoidal current at industrial frequency) up to 3I(c). The very large aspect ratio of the device needs a particular attention to the modeling and meshing process. The numerical results show that presence of sharp corners can influence the performance of the device. Due to the high value of the electric field in these areas, the local losses are much higher than in the case of smooth corners, and this may lead to burning and cracking the wafer. Irreversible damage experiments have confirmed these locations. In this paper we proposed new geometries, taking into account the length of the connecting path and the corners optimization in order to decrease the risk of very high localized losses in the meander. C1 Swiss Fed Inst Technol, EPFL, IC, LANOS, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Univ Geneva, DPMC, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Duron, J (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, EPFL, IC, LANOS, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM joseph.duron@epfl.ch NR 7 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1998 EP 2002 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849436 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700223 ER PT J AU Grilli, F Martini, L Stavrev, S Dutoit, B Brambilla, R AF Grilli, F Martini, L Stavrev, S Dutoit, B Brambilla, R TI Analysis of magnetic field geometry effects for the design of HTS devices for AC power applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE AC losses; finite element method; high temperature superconductors; magnetic field distribution ID SELF-FIELD; SUPERCONDUCTORS; LOSSES; CONDUCTORS; TAPES AB The performance of HTS devices is strongly influenced by local values of the current and field distributions. In this paper, we investigate the influence of the magnetic field and the geometrical configuration on the loss behavior of a 200 kVA FCL prototype, composed by Bi-2223/Ag tapes wound around a cylindrical support. The investigation is performed by means of finite element computations, with the use of an axisymmetric 2D A-V formulation for taking into account the cylindrical geometry. The electrical behavior of the superconductor is described by means of a B-dependent E-J power-law relation, derived from experimental measurements with a field of different orientation. Several geometrical configurations are analyzed and compared, in order to find the ones with the lowest AC loss. C1 Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. CESI SpA, I-20134 Milan, Italy. RP Grilli, F (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST, STC, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM fgrilli@lanl.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2074 EP 2077 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849455 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700242 ER PT J AU McConnell, BW AF McConnell, BW TI Applications of high temperature superconductors to direct current electric power transmission and distribution SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE benefits; dc power transmission; economics; high temperature superconductors; research goals AB For several reasons, the application of superconductors to both the transmission and distribution of electric power is a desire that is best accomplished by using direct current. The inherent low loss, high current capability of dc superconducting cables allows the replacement of ultra-high voltage apparatus and the associated high cost and inversion- rectification difficulties with a compact potentially lower cost, low profile, high current, cable system. This paper discusses the history of de transmission and distribution applications and the reasons that high temperature superconductors, modern cryogenic systems, and cryogenic power electronics are the potential enabling technologies. The economic and performance enhancements that follow from the integration of these high current, superconducting dc systems into the electric grid are presented together with the expected potential operational benefits. Possible cable and rectifier-inverter configurations are summarized along with the technical and economic challenges that must be overcome to achieve a significant penetration of dc cable technology on both the transmission and distribution grids. Finally, the steps needed to achieve large-scale applications of high-current dc transmission and dc distribution in the future electric grid are summarized. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP McConnell, BW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mcconnellbw@ornl.gov NR 9 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2142 EP 2145 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849479 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700259 ER PT J AU Sivasubramaniam, K Huang, XR Ryan, D Weeber, K Bray, JW Laskaris, ET Tomaino, L Fogarty, JM Ashworth, S AF Sivasubramaniam, K Huang, XR Ryan, D Weeber, K Bray, JW Laskaris, ET Tomaino, L Fogarty, JM Ashworth, S TI AC losses in a high temperature superconducting generator SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE AC losses; high-temperature superconductors; numerical modeling; superconducting generators AB As part of the DOE-SPI funded project a commercial HTS utility-size generator is being developed based on GE's iron core superconducting generator technology. The iron core concept has significant advantages over air core designs. The rotor consists of a cold superconducting field coil and coil supports and a warm iron core, which takes the torque and transmits to the shafts. Heat load due to AC losses in the cold mass of the rotor are a key design constraint. Analyses have been performed both at the component and system levels. AC loss tests have been conducted on an HTS generator. This paper presents and discusses the analytical and test results. C1 Gen Elect Global Res Ctr, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. Gen Elect Energy, Schenectady, NY USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sivasubramaniam, K (reprint author), Gen Elect Global Res Ctr, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. EM sivasubr@crd.ge.com NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2162 EP 2165 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849602 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700264 ER PT J AU Weber, CS Reis, CT Hazelton, DW Schwenterly, SW Cole, MJ Demko, JA Pleva, EF Mehta, S Golner, T Aversa, N AF Weber, CS Reis, CT Hazelton, DW Schwenterly, SW Cole, MJ Demko, JA Pleva, EF Mehta, S Golner, T Aversa, N TI Design and operational testing of a 5/10-MVA HTS utility power transformer SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE high-temperature superconductors; superconducting device testing; superconducting transformers AB High temperature superconducting transformers offer many economic, operational, and environmental benefits over conventional power transformers for utility applications. To establish the technical and economic feasibility and benefits of HTS transformers of medium-to-large (> 10 MVA) ratings, a team that includes Waukesha Electric Systems (transformer manufacturer), SuperPower, Inc. (HTS systems manufacturer), Oak Ridge National Lab, and Energy East has designed, built and tested a prototype 5110 MVA superconducting transformer. The transformer's 4.5-ton cold mass has been successfully maintained at temperatures of 30-50 K for several months, without full-time operator attendance. The transformer has reached its full three-phase operating current, and has been tested to 1.4 times operating current (limited by available power supplies) in single-phase mode. It is now undergoing long-term tests at various current levels, high-voltage tests, and transient overcurrent tests at the Waukesha site. This paper summarizes the manufacturing, cooldown, and the test results achieved to date. C1 SuperPower Inc, Schenectady, NY 12304 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Waukesha Elect Syst, Waukesha, WI 53186 USA. RP Weber, CS (reprint author), SuperPower Inc, Schenectady, NY 12304 USA. NR 4 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2210 EP 2213 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849614 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700276 ER PT J AU Han, YH Hull, JR Han, SC Jeong, NH Sung, TH No, KS AF Han, YH Hull, JR Han, SC Jeong, NH Sung, TH No, KS TI Design and characteristics of a superconductor bearing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE flywheel; journal bearing; loss coefficient; superconductor bearing ID ENERGY-STORAGE SYSTEM AB A high-temperature superconductor (HTS) journal bearing was designed for a flywheel energy storage system. A rotor was supported at top and bottom by two HTS bearings. The rotor weight is 4 kg and the length and diameter of shaft were about 300 rum and 40 mm, respectively. Both the top and bottom bearings have two permanent magnet (PM) rings with an iron pole piece separating them. Static properties of the bearing were calculated by frozen image method and verified by experiments. The vertical stiffness of the bearing was 38.9 N/mm. The rotational drag and vibration were measured up to 8000 rpm. The loss coefficient was linear up to 8000 rpm and the final value was 7.5 x E - 6. The average of vibration was about 10 micrometer (zero-peak) except the resonance speed range. Rotation tests were conducted over the same speed range at several chamber pressures. Chamber pressure of 0.4 mtorr is sufficiently low to minimize windage loss. C1 Korea Elect Power Res Inst, Taejon 305380, South Korea. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Han, YH (reprint author), Korea Elect Power Res Inst, Taejon 305380, South Korea. EM yhhan@kepri.re.kr; jhull@anl.gov RI No, Kwangsoo/G-4891-2010; No, Kwangsoo/C-1983-2011 NR 8 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2249 EP 2252 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849623 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700286 ER PT J AU Shu, QSS Cheng, GFF Susta, J Li, DQ Hull, JR Demko, JA Britcher, CR Fesmire, JE Augustynowicz, SD Werfel, F Bonnema, EC AF Shu, QSS Cheng, GFF Susta, J Li, DQ Hull, JR Demko, JA Britcher, CR Fesmire, JE Augustynowicz, SD Werfel, F Bonnema, EC TI A six-meter long prototyne of the Mag-Lev cryogen transfer line SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE cryogenic transfer line; magnetic levitation; superconductivity; warm support AB An innovative six-meter long prototype of the magnetic levitation suspended cryogen transfer line has design, constructed and tested to demo potentials of extending many missions by saving cryogens, or reducing the overall launch mass to accomplish a given mission. The use of magnetic levitation by permanent magnets (PM) and high temperature superconductors (HTS) provides support without mechanical contact and thus, the conduction part of the heat leak can be reduced to zero, which is ultimately the most serious heat leak after thermal radiation has been minimized. The configurations of HTS & PM, the levitation force in different arrangements, the mechanical design of the transfer line, the support/release structures, and the cryogenic testing results are also discussed. C1 AMAC Int Inc, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, Cryogen Test Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, Sierra Lobo Inc, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. ATZ GmbH, D-04886 Arzberg Adelwitz, Germany. Meyer Tool & Mfg Inc, Oak Lawn, IL 60453 USA. RP Shu, QSS (reprint author), AMAC Int Inc, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM qsshu@amacintl.com; jhull@anl.gov; demkoja@ornl.gov; britcher@aero.odu.edu; James.E.Fesmire@nasa.gov; Stanislaw.Augustynowicz-1@ksc.nasa.gov; Werfel@t-online.de; ecb.mtm-inc@worldnet.att.net NR 6 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2297 EP 2300 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849635 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700298 ER PT J AU Matsumura, T Hanany, S Hull, JR Johnson, B Jones, T AF Matsumura, T Hanany, S Hull, JR Johnson, B Jones, T TI Magnetic field inhomogeneity and torque in high temperature superconducting magnetic bearings SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE polarimeter for observational cosmology; superconducting magnetic bearing ID POLARIMETER AB We give experimental evidence for the connection between magnetic field inhomogeneity of a permanent magnet and torque on the rotor in a high temperature superconducting bearing. Spin-down measurements below 14 Hz are used to demonstrate a high degree of correlation between variations in the angular speed of the rotor within a single period of rotation with the measured spatial structure of the magnetic field of the rotor. At frequencies below similar to 1 Hz the fractional speed variation within a single period of rotation is inversely proportional to the square of the mean frequency of rotation. We propose that a dipole-dipole interaction gives rise to the torques that lead to speed variations and we show that this interaction explains the observed functional dependence on frequency. At frequencies above similar to 1 Hz the measured magnitude is about 1% of the mean frequency of rotation, consistent with the noise level in the experiment. The results imply that arcminute accuracy angular encoding of the rotor can be achieved with a single measurement of angle in each period. C1 Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM tmatsumu@physics.umn.edu NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2316 EP 2319 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005849641 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700302 ER PT J AU Rode, CH AF Rode, CH TI Large superconducting radio frequency construction projects SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE CEBAF; LEP; SNS; superconducting AB The SRF achievements of the last two decades will be reviewed; concentrating on the CEBAF, LEP, and SNS projects. The near term new SRF initiatives will also be presented. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Rode, CH (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM rode@jlab.org NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2389 EP 2392 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849679 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700319 ER PT J AU Solyak, NA Bellantoni, L Berenc, TG Edwards, HT Gonin, IV Khabiboulline, TN AF Solyak, NA Bellantoni, L Berenc, TG Edwards, HT Gonin, IV Khabiboulline, TN TI First results of testing 3.9 GHz TM010 superconducting cavity SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE accelerating gradient; higher order modes; superconducting RF cavity AB Fermilab is developing third a harmonic 3.9 GHz superconducting cavity to improve performances of AO and TTF photo-injectors. In the frame work of this project we have built and tested two nine-cell copper models and one 3-cell niobium cavity. Properties of the high order modes were carefully studied in a chain of two copper cavities at room temperature. In this paper we discuss results of cold tests of the 3-cell cavity before and after surface treatment. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Solyak, NA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM solyak@fnal.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2397 EP 2400 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849681 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700321 ER PT J AU Boffo, C Elementi, L Terechkine, Y AF Boffo, C Elementi, L Terechkine, Y TI Facility for chemical polishing of superconducting niobium RF cavities SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE buffered chemical polishing; Nb; process control; RF cavities; superconducting accelerator cavities; surface treatment AB Chemical polishing of surfaces of Nb RF cavities is an important part of cavity fabrication process. Because of the dangerous nature of the chemicals involved in the process, safety considerations require careful design of the facility and of the process. This report describes the major features of the facility prototype at FNAL and a description of the process and the control systems. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Boffo, C (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM terechki@fnal.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2401 EP 2404 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849682 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700322 ER PT J AU Mavanur, A Tai, CY Joshi, CH Daly, E Davis, K AF Mavanur, A Tai, CY Joshi, CH Daly, E Davis, K TI Magnetostrictive fast tuners for SRF cavities SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE cryogenic actuators; fast tuner; magnetostriction; slow tuner; SRF cavity tuning; superconductivity AB Energen, Inc. has demonstrated new tuners based on magnetostrictive actuators to address SRF cavity fast tuning requirements for next-generation particle accelerators. Prototype fast tuners were fabricated and delivered to DESY, Argonne National Lab and Jefferson Lab. Results are reported from tests at Jefferson Laboratory, which were done under realistic operating conditions. In these tests, Energen's fast tuner was found to have a tuning range double the required 1200 Hz and provided precise, nanometer-resolution motion. Slow tuner results have been reported in earlier papers. C1 Energen Inc, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Mavanur, A (reprint author), Energen Inc, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM anil@energeninc.com; ctai@energeninc.com; joshi@energeninc.com; daly@jlab.org; kdavis@jlab.org NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2405 EP 2408 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849383 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700323 ER PT J AU Holesinger, TG Kennison, JA Liao, S Yuan, Y Jiang, J Cai, XY Hellstrom, EE Larbalestier, DC Baurceanu, RA Maroni, VA Huang, Y AF Holesinger, TG Kennison, JA Liao, S Yuan, Y Jiang, J Cai, XY Hellstrom, EE Larbalestier, DC Baurceanu, RA Maroni, VA Huang, Y TI A shell model for the filament structure of Bi-2223 conductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE Bi-2223; bismuth compounds; high-temperature; superconductor; microscopy; processing ID CRITICAL-CURRENT-DENSITY; HEAT-TREATMENT; TAPES; MICROSTRUCTURE; (BI AB Phase development during the first few minutes of heat treatment of first generation (Bi,Pb)(2)Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy (Bi-2223) multifilamentary wires determines to a large extent the overall microstructure, the efficiency of primary phase development, competing secondary phase development, texture evolution, and grain-to-grain connectivity. It is shown that the filament structure of these wires can be described in terms of a shell model. The shell next to the silver sheath is comprised of well-formed Bi-2223 colonies grapho-epitaxially aligned to the silver sheath and only a few grains (average one colony) thick. Inside this shell is a less well-aligned, less phase pure, more porous Bi-2223 structure through which current is carried in a nonuniform manner as shown by MOI. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Amer Superconductor, Westborough, MA USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM holesinger@lanl.gov; larbalestier@engr.wisc.edu; maroni@cmt.anl.gov; yhuang@amsuper.com RI Larbalestier, David/B-2277-2008; Jiang, Jianyi/F-2549-2017 OI Larbalestier, David/0000-0001-7098-7208; Jiang, Jianyi/0000-0002-1094-2013 NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2514 EP 2517 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.847509 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200021 ER PT J AU Jiang, J Cai, XY Yuan, Y Polyanskii, AA Hellstrom, EE Larbalestier, DC Maroni, VA Holesinger, TG Huang, Y AF Jiang, J Cai, XY Yuan, Y Polyanskii, AA Hellstrom, EE Larbalestier, DC Maroni, VA Holesinger, TG Huang, Y TI Long term anneal study and composition variation for reducing residual Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox (2212) in (Bi, Pb)(2)Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox (2223) wires SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE composition; critical current density; superconductor; 2212; 2223 ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; HEAT-TREATMENT; BI-2223 TAPES; BOUNDARIES; DEFECTS AB Recent experiments showed that Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox (2212) intergrowths are a major current limiting mechanism in (Bi,Pb)(2)Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox (2223) wires and that reduced Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox (2212) correlates to enhanced critical current density J(C). We performed a final 500 h post heat treatment on commercial 2223 wire to study whether an extended heat treatment would reduce the 2212 phase content. This heat treatment did not change the 2212 content or J(C), indicating the fully processed 2223 wires were already very close to their terminal phase state. In an attempt to reduce the 2212 content, we slightly modified the standard composition in the Ca and Cu rich directions, investigating: Ca-rich; Cu-rich; Ca plus Cu-rich; Sr-poor; and Ca substitution for Sr. Although the 2212 content was not reduced by modifying the composition, the result further confirmed the correlation between J(C) and residual 2212 in 2223 wires. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Appl Superconduct, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Amer Superconductor Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. RP Jiang, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Appl Superconduct, 1500 Johnson Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jianyijiang@wisc.edu; maroni@cmt.anl.gov; holesinger@lanl.gov; YHuang@amsuper.com RI Larbalestier, David/B-2277-2008; Jiang, Jianyi/F-2549-2017 OI Larbalestier, David/0000-0001-7098-7208; Jiang, Jianyi/0000-0002-1094-2013 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2526 EP 2529 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.847516 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200024 ER PT J AU Yuan, Y Cai, XY Jiang, J Huang, Y Larbalestier, DC Hellstrom, EE AF Yuan, Y Cai, XY Jiang, J Huang, Y Larbalestier, DC Hellstrom, EE TI The origin of the Pb-rich Bi3Sr2Ca2Cu1Ox (3221) phase during post annealing of (Bi, Pb)(2)Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox/Ag composite conductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE critical current; phase formation; post anneal; 2223; 3221 ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; TAPES AB We studied the origin of (Bi, Pb)(3)Sr2Ca2Cu1Ox (3221) in (Bi, Pb)(2)Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox-based (2223) wires by varying the amount of 2223 and remnant liquid in wires using slow-cooling and quenching experiments on 2223 green wires. The 3221 phase forms from crystallization of remnant liquid. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Appl Superconduct, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Appl Superconduct, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Amer Superconductor Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. RP Yuan, Y (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM yuan@anl.gov; YHuang@amsuper.com; hellstrom@engr.wisc.edu RI Larbalestier, David/B-2277-2008; Jiang, Jianyi/F-2549-2017 OI Larbalestier, David/0000-0001-7098-7208; Jiang, Jianyi/0000-0002-1094-2013 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2530 EP 2533 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.847518 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200025 ER PT J AU Holesinger, TG Kennison, JA Marken, KR Miao, HP Meinesz, M Campbell, S AF Holesinger, TG Kennison, JA Marken, KR Miao, HP Meinesz, M Campbell, S TI Compositional and microstructural analysis of high I-c and J(c) Bi-2212 conductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE bismuth compounds; composition; high temperaturensuperconductivity; microscopy ID CRITICAL-CURRENT-DENSITY; SOLID-SOLUTION; TAPES; SUPERCONDUCTOR; PHASE; CRYSTALLIZATION; BI2SR2CACU2OY; SYSTEM; RANGE; WIRES AB Compositional analysis of the Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oy (Bi-2212) and secondary phases in high-current Bi-2212 conductors was performed. The composition of the Bi-2212 phase in dip-coated Bi-2212 tapes tended toward the Sr-rich end of the Bi-2212 solid solution. The strontium and calcium contents of the Bi-2212 phase in round wire tended to lie closer to the starting composition of the powder. In all cases, there was an excess of bismuth and a deficiency of the alkaline earths with respect to the ideal 2212 stoichiometry. Microstructural analysis by transmission electron microscopy has shown the presence of Bi-2201 intergrowths within Bi-2212 grains and amorphous layers within the colonies of Bi-2212. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Oxford Superconducting Technol, Carteret, NJ USA. SCI Engineered Prod, Columbus, OH USA. RP Holesinger, TG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM holesinger@lanl.gov; k-marken@compuserve.com; scott@sciengineeredmaterials.com NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2562 EP 2565 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.847652 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200033 ER PT J AU Gapud, AA Feenstra, R Christen, DK Thompson, JR Holesinger, TG AF Gapud, AA Feenstra, R Christen, DK Thompson, JR Holesinger, TG TI Temperature and magnetic field dependence of critical currents in YBCO coated conductors with processing-induced variations in pinning properties SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE critical current density; flux pinning; high-temperature superconductors; superconducting tapes ID THIN-FILMS; SUPERCONDUCTORS AB Several applications of high-temperature superconducting wire require high currents at intermediate magnetic fields B and over a range of orientations; however, such conditions are at present achievable only at low temperatures (similar to 30 K). The goal of this study is to determine the feasibility of higher operating temperatures for these applications by investigating temperature dependent, low- and high-field pinning properties of YBCO coated conductor samples. The YBCO films were grown on RABiTS templates by a PVD ex situ BaF2 process. Variations in pinning properties were induced by introducing excess yttrium (Y) in the precursor and controllably increasing the growth rate. The main result is a more uniform dependence of J(c) over all orientations of B, along with high irreversibility field B-irr and high critical current densities J(c). Results also show that for films with various pinning properties and processed under different conditions the self-field J(c) at 77 K is an effective indicator of performance in the temperatures and fields of interest. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gapud, AA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM aagapud@ornl.gov; jrt@utk.edu; tgholesinger@lanl.gov OI Gapud, Albert/0000-0001-9048-9230 NR 11 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2578 EP 2581 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.847657 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200037 ER PT J AU Maiorov, B Gibbons, BJ Kreiskott, S Matias, V Jia, QX Holesinger, TG Civale, L AF Maiorov, B Gibbons, BJ Kreiskott, S Matias, V Jia, QX Holesinger, TG Civale, L TI Influence of tilted geometries on critical current in superconducting thin films SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE critical current; rare earth compounds; superconducting films; superconducting tapes ID BUFFER LAYERS; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA FILMS; COATED CONDUCTORS; COLUMNAR DEFECTS; AB-PLANE; CRYSTALS; YBCO AB We present measurements of the angular dependent critical current (J(c)) of DyBa2Cu3O7 on single crystal SrTiO3 and YBa2Cu3O7 on tilted Ion Beam Assisted Deposition MgO substrate. These experiments demonstrate that J(c) angular dependences of tilted defects are a useful tool to detect misalignments between the internal and applied magnetic fields. The results show that, in order to understand vortex pinning in thin anisotropic samples below certain value of magnetic field, this misalignment must be taken into account. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Maiorov, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, K763, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM maiorov@lanl.gov RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2582 EP 2585 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.847659 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200038 ER PT J AU Schoop, U Rupich, MW Thieme, C Verebelyi, DT Zhang, W Li, X Kodenkandath, T Nguyen, N Siegal, E Civale, L Holesinger, T Maiorov, B Goyal, A Paranthaman, M AF Schoop, U Rupich, MW Thieme, C Verebelyi, DT Zhang, W Li, X Kodenkandath, T Nguyen, N Siegal, E Civale, L Holesinger, T Maiorov, B Goyal, A Paranthaman, M TI Second generation HTS wire based on RABiTS substrates and MOD YBCO SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE high temperature superconductors; metal organic deposition; MOD; 2G; YBa2Cu3O7-x; RABiTS ID COATED CONDUCTORS; METALORGANIC DEPOSITION; FILMS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; TEMPLATES; PROGRESS AB The performance of Second Generation (2G) high temperature superconducting wire manufactured by continuous reel-to-reel processes is nearing the 300 A/cm-width (77 K, self field) performance threshold for commercial power cable applications. The 2G manufacturing approach under development at American Superconductor is based on the combination of the RABiTS substrate-buffer technology with metal organic deposition (MOD) of the YBCO layer. The capability of this process has been demonstrated in multiple 10 meter lengths with critical currents exceeding 250 A/cm-width with high uniformity and reproducibility. Critical currents of 380 A/cm-width have been achieved in short length samples prepared by the same basic process. The incorporation of nanoparticles ("nanodots") into the YBCO layer using the MOD process has resulted in a 2-fold improvement in the critical current at 65 K in a 3 T field. The research and development focus at ASMC is now directed toward the economical scale-up of the RABiTS/MOD process, optimization of the conductor properties for targeted applications and the use of 2G wire in initial demonstration applications. C1 Amer Superconductor, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Schoop, U (reprint author), Amer Superconductor, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. EM mrupich@atnsuper.com RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015; OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531; Maiorov, Boris/0000-0003-1885-0436 NR 20 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2611 EP 2616 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.847681 PN 3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200045 ER PT J AU Xu, Y Goyal, A Leonard, K Heatherly, L Martin, P AF Xu, Y Goyal, A Leonard, K Heatherly, L Martin, P TI Liquid phase enhanced hybrid MOD approach for high performance YBCO films development SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE MOD; sol-gel; TFA; thin films; YBCO ID METALORGANIC DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; GROWTH; SRTIO3 AB High performance YBCO films have been realized through MOD approach by hybrid of Ba-TFA with TMAP (trimethylacetates with propionic). High I-c over 140 A/cm-w and high J(c) up to 2.4 MA/cm(2) at 77 K for 0.6 mu m YBCO films on RABiTS have been shown on un-bridged and bridged samples. Texture characterizations performed in XRD four-circle diffractometer confirmed well-aligned YBCO grains with a volume fraction of cubic phase similar to 95%. T, measurements showed sharp transitions in less than 1 K and zero resistance above 90 K. The formation of YBCO phase follows the mechanism of interface island nucleation and epitaxial growth. The liquid phase in the precursor enhances Y123 epi-growth and accelerates the conversion process. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Xu, Y (reprint author), UES Inc, Mat Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM yxu@ues.com NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2617 EP 2619 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.847682 PN 3 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200046 ER PT J AU Paranthaman, MP Sathyamurthy, S Bhuiyan, MS Goyal, A Kodenkandath, T Li, X Zhang, W Thieme, CLH Schoop, U Verebelyi, DT Rupich, MW AF Paranthaman, MP Sathyamurthy, S Bhuiyan, MS Goyal, A Kodenkandath, T Li, X Zhang, W Thieme, CLH Schoop, U Verebelyi, DT Rupich, MW TI Improved YBCO coated conductors using alternate buffer architectures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE cerium oxide buffer; chemical solution deposition; lanthanum zirconium oxide buffer; MOD-YBCO; RABiTS; YBCO coated conductors ID DEPOSITION; LAYERS; FILMS AB The Rolling-Assisted Biaxially Textured Substrates (RABiTS) process has been identified as one of the leading candidates for the fabrication of high performance YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) coated conductors. The RABiTS process uses standard thermomechanical processing to obtain long lengths of flexible, biaxially oriented substrates with smooth surfaces. The strong biaxial texture of the metal is then transferred to the superconductor by the deposition of intermediate oxide buffers that serve both as a chemical and structural buffer. The typical three-layer RABiTS architecture consists of an e-beam Y2O3 seed, sputtered YSZ barrier and a sputtered CeO2 cap layer. Chemical solution deposition of buffer layers offers potential cost advantage relative to physical vapor deposition (PVD) processes. Our main goal of this study is to develop simplified buffer architectures and demonstrate high J(c) Metal-Organic Deposition (MOD)-YBCO films on all-MOD buffers. La2Zr2O7 (LZO)/CeO2 buffers have been identified as potential candidates for this study. MOD-YBCO films with a critical current, I-c of 212 A/cm have been achieved on MOD-LZO seeds with sputtered VSZ and CeO2 cap layers. In addition, MOD-YBCO films with a critical current, I-c of 140 A/cm have been achieved on all MOD buffers of LZO/CeO, for the first time. This offers a potential toward fabrication of lower cost YBCO coated conductors. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77004 USA. Amer Superconductor Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM paranthamanm@ornl.gov; sathyamurths@ornl.gov; bhuiyanms@omi.gov; MRupich@amsuper.com RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 5 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2632 EP 2634 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.847686 PN 3 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200050 ER PT J AU List, FA Clem, PG Heatherly, L Dawley, JT Leonard, KJ Lee, DF Goyal, A AF List, FA Clem, PG Heatherly, L Dawley, JT Leonard, KJ Lee, DF Goyal, A TI Low-pressure conversion studies for YBCO precursors derived by PVD and MOD methods SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE precursor conversion; reaction kinetics; superconducting tapes ID BA2YCU3O7-X THIN-FILMS; GROWTH; TAPES AB The rate at which thin film YBCO precursor converts to high J(C) superconductor depends on many factors including the method by which the precursor is prepared, the precursor film thickness, and the conditions during precursor deposition and conversion. Using in-situ X-ray diffraction and reduced pressures, we have examined and compared conversion rates for precursors prepared by physical vapor deposition (PVD) and metal-organic deposition (MOD). For conversion conditions found to be optimal for obtaining high J(c) and high precursor conversion rate (G,) for PVD precursors, the G(p) is nearly identical (similar to 0.2 nm/sec) for the both PVD and MOD precursors. The development of crystalline BaF2 is, however, distinctly different for the two precursors. This may suggest that conversions of these PVD and MOD precursors follow different chemical pathways. For both precursors, higher Gp is realized using higher water pressure and ramp rate. Although Gp is higher, YBCO is randomly oriented and J(c) is zero for the PVD precursor. The MOD precursor seems to be generally more tolerant of higher reaction rates than the PVD precursor. The reaction rate versus P-H2O determined for both precursor types shows a square root of P-H2O dependence of Gp. This behavior is consistent with a reaction rate limited by gas-phase HF removal. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP List, FA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM fal@oml.gov NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2656 EP 2658 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.847760 PN 3 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200057 ER PT J AU Zhang, YF Paranthaman, MP Feenstra, R Aytug, T Christen, DK AF Zhang, YF Paranthaman, MP Feenstra, R Aytug, T Christen, DK TI Comparison of YBa2Cu3O7-delta precursors made using TFA-MOD and BaF2 ex-situ processes and their post-deposition processing under low pressure conditions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE conversion; precursor; XPS; YBCO film ID FILMS AB Two ex-situ techniques including metal-organic deposition using solution from trifluoroacetates (TFA-MOD) and electron beam co-evaporation using BaF2 are regarded as promising candidates for fabricating long-length, uniform, high critical current density (J(c)) YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) superconducting films for practical applications. It is generally accepted that the precursors made by these two methods and their post-deposition processing are basically similar. Typical MOD-TFA and e-beam BaF2 precursors were made and then annealed in our low-pressure processing system. It was found that the conditions required for the conversion of these two types of precursors are quite different. The precursors were compared in terms of the differences in their composition and pre-conversion structure. The conversion behaviors were studied by structure characterization and property measurement. The effect of composition, especially the fluorine content on the conversion reaction is discussed. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhang, YF (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM zhangyf@utk.edu RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2659 EP 2662 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.847763 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200058 ER PT J AU Ayala, A Holesinger, TG Clem, PG Matias, V Jia, QX Wang, HY Foltyn, SR Gibbons, B AF Ayala, A Holesinger, TG Clem, PG Matias, V Jia, QX Wang, HY Foltyn, SR Gibbons, B TI Synthesis and characterization of cu-doped SrTiO3 powders and sol-gel processed buffer layers on IBAD MgO templates SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE buffer layers; chemical solution deposition; superconducting tapes; thin films; YBCO ID SUPERCONDUCTING THIN-FILMS; SOLUTION-DEPOSITED BATIO3; COATED CONDUCTORS; MICROSTRUCTURE; SYSTEM AB Copper-doped SrTiO3 (STO) powders were processed by conventional bulk preparation techniques to establish solubility limits of Cu in STO. The maximum solubility of Cu in STO was identified to be similar to 1%. Epitaxial Cu-doped SrTiO3 (STO) buffer layers were then prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and chemical solution deposition (CSD) on ion-beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) magnesium oxide (MgO) flexible metallic textured tapes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the similar to 100 mn thick buffer layer deposited by PLD showed a smooth Cu-doped STO/MgO interface. Films deposited by CSD had an average film thickness of 30 mn and exhibited growth by heterogeneous nucleation with no secondary reaction phases. YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) films were deposited onto the Cu-doped STO buffer layers by PLD. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87501 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87501 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ayala, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87501 USA. EM ayala@lanl.gov; holesinger@lanl.gov; pgclem@sandia.gov; vlado@anl.gov; qxjia@lanl.gov; wangh@lanl.gov; gibbons@lanl.gov RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014 OI Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2703 EP 2706 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.847787 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200069 ER PT J AU Jia, QX Maiorov, B Wang, H Lin, Y Foltyn, SR Civale, L MacManus-Driscoll, JL AF Jia, QX Maiorov, B Wang, H Lin, Y Foltyn, SR Civale, L MacManus-Driscoll, JL TI Comparative study of REBa2Cu3O7 films for coated conductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE epitaxial growth; laser ablation; rare earth compounds; superconducting films ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; SMBA2CU3O7-DELTA FILMS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; RARE-EARTH; FABRICATION; SRTIO3(001); MECHANISMS; EPITAXY AB We carried out systematic investigation on the processes and characteristics of REBa2Cu3O7 or RE123 (RE = Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, and Yb) films on single crystal SrTiO3 for coated conductors. The higher transition temperature, the higher growth rate, and the much better surface morphology for the large RE's such as Nd123, Sm123, and Eu123 make them attractive for thick films. The larger processing window for some other RE123 materials such as Dy123 and Yb123, on the other hand, makes them striking for scale-up and fabrication of long-length conductors. In the case of mixed RE's, enhanced pinning from ion size variance is also observed. We present our comparative study of the field- and angle-dependent critical current densities between these RE123 and Y123 films. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. RP Jia, QX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM qxjia@lanl.gov RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014; lin, yuan/B-9955-2013 OI Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209; NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2723 EP 2726 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.847797 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200074 ER PT J AU Lin, Y Wang, H Hawley, ME Foltyn, SR Jia, QX AF Lin, Y Wang, H Hawley, ME Foltyn, SR Jia, QX TI Microstructural study of EuBa2Cu3O7 films by high resolution x-ray diffraction SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE deposition rate; EuBa2CU3O7; high-resolution x-ray diffraction; seed-layer ID THIN-FILMS; SUPERCONDUCTOR; CURRENTS AB Recent studies have shown that EuBa2Cu3O7 (Eu123) films exhibit excellent surface morphology, high transition temperature, and interesting field-dependent critical current density, which are important for thin film devices and coated conductor applications. In this paper, we report our detailed studies of the microstructures of the Eu123 films deposited under different conditions. We have used high-resolution x-ray diffraction (HRXRD) to investigate the texture evolution and micro-domains of the films. Reciprocal space maps (RSMs) show that the a-axis growth of Eu123 films on SrTiO3 substrates at a given deposition temperature is directly related to the deposition rate. On the other hand, by inserting a DyBa2Cu3O7 (Dy123) seed layer, the a-axis growth can be totally eliminated. HRXRD study further reveals that micro-domains with different c-axis lattice parameters are often formed in the Eu123/Dy123, which may result from different oxygen content. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lin, Y (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ylin@lanl.gov; qxjia@lanl.gov RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014 OI Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2731 EP 2734 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.847800 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200076 ER PT J AU Matias, V Gibbons, BJ Findikoglu, AT Dowden, PC Sullard, J Coulter, JY AF Matias, V Gibbons, BJ Findikoglu, AT Dowden, PC Sullard, J Coulter, JY TI Continuous fabrication of IBAD-MgO based coated conductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE coated conductors; critical current; HTS; REBCO; superconducting tapes; thin films ID BEAM-ASSISTED DEPOSITION; YBCO; LAYERS AB Reel-to-reel tape processing capable of fabricating tens of meters of coated conductor has been set up at Los Alamos National Laboratory. These reel-to-reel facilities include electropolishing, IBAD-MgO texturing, buffer layer deposition, REBaCuO pulsed laser deposition and position dependent critical current and ac-loss measurement. The systems enable development of long-length coated conductors as well as high-throughput experimentation. IBAD-MgO is an extremely fast process, demonstrated at 100 meters/hour, but requires smooth surfaces over long lengths, which is achieved in our laboratory by electropolishing of metal alloy tapes. Barrier and buffer layers are optimized to minimize interdiffusion from the substrate into the superconductor and to maximize crystalline alignment. YBCO is deposited in a multi-zone heater that allows for an engineered heating power profile as the YBCO film is deposited. Currently the best critical current result on a 1 meter length for a 3 mu m thick YBCO layer is 350 A (self field, 75.5 K). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Matias, V (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Mail Stop T004, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM vlado@lanl.gov NR 12 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2735 EP 2738 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.847801 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200077 ER PT J AU Solovyov, VF Wiesmann, HJ Suenaga, M AF Solovyov, VF Wiesmann, HJ Suenaga, M TI Nucleation of YBa2Cu3O7 from precursor films using the barium fluoride process SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE barium fluoride process; coated conductors; YBCO ID THIN-FILMS AB Coated-conductor applications of YBCO require YBCO layers with high J(c) and a thickness of several micrometers. The barium fluoride process offers a convenient way of depositing crack-free fluorinated precursor layers up to 5 microns thick. However, converting thick precursor layers into c-axis-oriented YBCO films is challenging due to extensive nucleation of random grains. In this paper we address this problem with both a theoretical and experimental analysis of YBCO nucleation. We utilized optical polarization contrast to observe YBCO nuclei imbedded in the precursor matrix. We observed that the nuclei density strongly depends on processing parameters, with the oxygen partial pressure being one of the strongest factors. During ex-situ processing the nuclei merge and form grains and the nuclei density is, therefore, directly related to the grain size of YBCO film. It is desirable to have a small grain structure, since large grains do not connect well and the J(c) of such a film is low. However, attempts to increase the nuclei density also generates more randomly oriented grains. Therefore the optimization of ex-situ processing is essentially finding a balance between c-axis grain density and random grain content. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Solovyov, VF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Solovyov, Vyacheslav/A-7724-2009; OI Solovyov, Vyacheslav/0000-0003-1879-9802 NR 6 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2739 EP 2742 DI 10.1109/TASC.205.847762 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200078 ER PT J AU Li, Q Suenaga, M Foltyn, SR Wang, H AF Li, Q Suenaga, M Foltyn, SR Wang, H TI J(c)(H) crossover in YBCO thick films and Bi2223/Ag tapes with columnar defects SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE Columnar defects; critical current; flux pinning; YBCO coated conductors ID YBA2CU3O7-DELTA FILMS; ION IRRADIATION; DEPOSITION AB We report a study of critical current density J(c) as a function of temperature T, magnetic field I-I, and film thickness d in a series of high quality YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) films. A crossover in the thickness dependence of J(c)(H) curves was observed for T > 50 K, where thinner film carries significantly lower Jc(H) than thicker film at high fields, while the opposite was observed at low fields. This J(c)(H) crossover behavior seems to be a general feature for a superconducting system with a spectrum of pinning density, whose trend opposes to the effective volume faction for J(c). This generalization is supported by examining Jc (H) crossover behaviors observed earlier in the Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+delta(Bi2223)/Ag tapes irradiated with 5.8 GeV Ph ions, where enhanced J(c)(H) at high fields is attributed to the density increase in the columnar flux pinning centers. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Li, Q (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM qiangli@bnl.gov RI Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014 OI Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2787 EP 2789 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.848213 PN 3 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200090 ER PT J AU Palau, A Puig, I Obradors, X Feenstra, R Freyhardt, HC AF Palau, A Puig, I Obradors, X Feenstra, R Freyhardt, HC TI Effect of strain on grain and grain-boundary critical currents of YBCO coated conductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE coated conductor; critical current; deformation process; strain tolerance ID TRANSPORT; FILMS AB We present a comparative analysis on tensile strain tolerance of critical currents for MAD and RABiTS coated conductors. These measurements have been performed with a recently developed methodology based on de-magnetization measurements, which enables us to analyze the grain and grain-boundary critical current densities simultaneously. We show that the percolative grain-boundary critical current density may be reduced by 50 % with deformations of epsilon - 0.32 % and 1 % for RABiTS and IBAD, respectively, while the grain critical current and thus the pinning properties of the grains are not affected by the deformation process. C1 CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Zentrum Funk Wekstoffe, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. RP Palau, A (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Barcelona, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. EM palau@icmab.es RI Obradors, Xavier/A-8146-2012; Palau, Anna/C-2947-2014 OI Palau, Anna/0000-0002-2217-164X NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2790 EP 2793 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.848214 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200091 ER PT J AU Maroni, VA Venkataraman, K Miller, DJ Trasobares, S Lei, Y Hiller, JM Gray, KE Vlasko-Vlasov, VK Claus, H Reeves, J Rupich, MW Zhang, W Kodenkandath, T Li, X AF Maroni, VA Venkataraman, K Miller, DJ Trasobares, S Lei, Y Hiller, JM Gray, KE Vlasko-Vlasov, VK Claus, H Reeves, J Rupich, MW Zhang, W Kodenkandath, T Li, X TI Coordinated characterization of coated conductors (C-4) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE coated conductor; electron microscopy; magnetooptic; Raman; YBCO ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; SUPERCONDUCTOR WIRES; YBCO FILMS; RABITS AB Argonne National Laboratory, in collaboration with American Superconductor and SuperPower, Inc., has established/implemented a coordinated set of characterization methods for coated conductor specimens that can be applied in a manner compatible with further processing or utilization of the respective specimen. These characterization methods include measurements of superconductor transport properties, phase composition, microstructure, and epitaxy quality for YBCO coated conductors that range in size up to multi-meter-length tapes. Recent examinations involving the integrated application of magneto-optical imaging (MOI), Raman microspectroscopy, and focused-ion-beam-assisted transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to meter-length tapes have pinpointed specific microstructural and chemical defects that correlated with poor Ic performance. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. SuperPower Inc, Schenectady, NY 12304 USA. Amer Supercond, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM maroni@cmt.ani.gov; venkataraman@wisc.edu; jreeves@igc.com; mrupich@amsuper.com RI Hiller, Jon/A-2513-2009; Trasobares, Susana/H-5282-2015 OI Hiller, Jon/0000-0001-7207-8008; Trasobares, Susana/0000-0003-3820-4327 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2798 EP 2802 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.848216 PN 3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200093 ER PT J AU Feenstra, R Gapud, AA List, FA Specht, ED Christen, DK Holesinger, TG Feldmann, DA AF Feenstra, R Gapud, AA List, FA Specht, ED Christen, DK Holesinger, TG Feldmann, DA TI Critical currents I-c(77 k) > 350 A/cm-width achieved in ex situ YBCO coated conductors using a faster conversion process SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE BaF2 ex situ process; critical currents; thickness dependent effects; vortex pinning; YBCO coated conductors ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; FILMS; THICKNESS AB Implementation of improved processing for BaF2 ex situ YBCO coatings from e-beam evaporated precursors enables faster conversion with rates up to 12 angstrom/s and critical currents I-c at 77 K greater than 350 A/cm-width on a RABiTS template. Details of the faster processing are described and compared to an earlier slower process. A linear relation between I-c and YBCO layer thickness provides evidence of new opportunities to further improve I-c. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Appl Superconduct, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM feenstrar@ornl.gov; holesinger@lanl.gov; feldmann@cae.wisc.edu RI Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009; OI Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163; Gapud, Albert/0000-0001-9048-9230 NR 16 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2803 EP 2807 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.848217 PN 3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200094 ER PT J AU Civale, L Maiorov, B MacManus-Driscoll, JL Wang, H Holesinger, TG Foltyn, SR Serquis, A Arendt, RN AF Civale, L Maiorov, B MacManus-Driscoll, JL Wang, H Holesinger, TG Foltyn, SR Serquis, A Arendt, RN TI Identification of intrinsic ab-plane pinning in YBa2Cu3O7 thin films and coated conductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE critical current; intrinsic pinning; superconducting films ID SUPERCONDUCTING PROPERTIES; TEXTURE; DENSITY AB The angular-dependent critical current density J(c) in YBa2Cu3O7 films grown by pulsed laser deposition exhibit a sharp peak for magnetic field orientations near the ab plane, which arises from the combined effects of intrinsic pinning and extended defects parallel to the planes. An analysis of the temperature and field dependence of the height and width of this peak allows us to distinguish both contributions. We find that, in a film on single crystal substrate, the peak at low fields is due primarily to the extended defects, but at high fields it is dominated by intrinsic pinning. We compare these results with those of coated conductors with a larger density of ab-oriented correlated defects. We show a novel effect consisting in an inverse correlation between J(c) and the power law exponent (N) of the IN curves that only occurs in the intrinsic-pinning dominated regime, and we present an interpretation of its origin. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Civale, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, K763, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lcivale@lani.gov RI Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014; Serquis, Adriana/L-6554-2015 OI Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209; Serquis, Adriana/0000-0003-1499-4782 NR 16 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2808 EP 2811 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.848218 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200095 ER PT J AU Suenaga, M Clem, JR Foltyn, SR AF Suenaga, M Clem, JR Foltyn, SR TI A new measurement method for AC losses in circular disks of superconducting films in perpendicular magnetic fields SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE AC losses; measurement technique; YBa2Cu3O7 films ID YBA2CU3O7 FILMS AB An expression P = 2R(c)V(L) H-rms(a) (rms) was theoretically derived for the ac power losses in a circular superconducting disk in a perpendicular ac applied magnetic field when the losses are measured by a planar circular pickup coil surrounding the disk. Here, R-c is the radius of the pickup coil, which is coplanar with the disk, and V-L (rms) and H-a (rms) are rms values of the loss voltage and applied magnetic field. This method of measuring losses has an advantage over a susceptibility technique, since the coil need not be calibrated. However, this expression is valid only for large values of R-c relative to the radius R of the disk, since the dipole approximation was used in the derivation. We experimentally evaluated the minimum value of the diameter 2R(c) for which this method provided approximately correct losses. A YBa2Cu3O7 disk with diameter 2R approximate to 5.3 mm was used for the measurements. The electronically determined apparent losses at all field values decreased with increasing coil radius, and asymptotically approached a constant value for R-c/R > similar to 3. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Suenaga, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM mas@bnl.gov; clem@ameslab.gov; sfoltyn@lanl.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2812 EP 2814 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.848232 PN 3 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200096 ER PT J AU Ma, BH Uprety, KK Koritala, RE Fisher, BL Dorris, SF Miller, DJ Maroni, VA Balachandran, UB AF Ma, BH Uprety, KK Koritala, RE Fisher, BL Dorris, SF Miller, DJ Maroni, VA Balachandran, UB TI Growth and properties of YBCO-coated conductors fabricated by inclined-substrate deposition SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE coated conductor; inclined-substrate deposition.; pulsed laser deposition; SRO buffer; YBCO thin film ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; FILMS; TAPES AB YBCO-coated conductors with high current-carrying capability are desirable for electric power transmission applications. Inclined-substrate deposition (ISD) is capable of producing high-quality biaxially textured template films, which are important for fabrication of YBCO-coated conductors. We have grown biaxially textured ISD-MgO template films on flexible metallic substrates at deposition rates of 2-10 nm/sec. Columnar grains with a roof-tile-shaped surface structure were observed on the ISD-MgO films. X-ray pole figure analysis revealed that the ISD-MgO film is biaxially textured and its c-axis is titled at an angle from the substrate normal. Strontium ruthenium oxide (SRO) buffer films were epitaxially grown on ISD-MgO by pulsed laser deposition prior to the deposition of YBCO. Low phi-scan full-width at half maximum (FWHM) values of 6 degrees and 7 degrees were observed for YBCO and SRO, respectively. T-c of 91 K with a sharp transition and transport J(c) over 1.4 MA/cm(2) at 77 K in self-field were measured on YBCO coated conductors grown with ISD MgO architectures using a SRO buffer. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Technol Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Technol Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM bma@anl.gov RI Koritala, Rachel/F-1774-2011; Ma, Beihai/I-1674-2013 OI Ma, Beihai/0000-0003-3557-2773 NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2970 EP 2973 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.848684 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200136 ER PT J AU Sathyamurthy, S Paranthaman, M Bhuiyan, MS Payzant, EA Lee, DF Goyal, A Li, X Kodenkandath, T Schoop, U Rupich, M AF Sathyamurthy, S Paranthaman, M Bhuiyan, MS Payzant, EA Lee, DF Goyal, A Li, X Kodenkandath, T Schoop, U Rupich, M TI Solution deposition approach to high J(c) coated conductor fabrication SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE all-solution coated conductors; lanthanum zirconium oxide buffer layer; RABiTS; YBCO ID BUFFER LAYERS; THIN-FILMS AB Great strides have been made in YBCO coated conductor fabrication using the RABiTS approach in the past few years and critical current densities (J(c)) of over 3 MA/cm(2) on 10 meter long tapes have been achieved. Solution deposition for buffer layer processing has the potential to reduce the process complexity and make the conductor fabrication more cost-effective. In our work, we have demonstrated that several of the standard buffer layers can be replaced by sol-gel processed lanthanum zirconium oxide (LZO) layer. A J(c) of about 2 MA/cm(2) has been demonstrated on LZO films for pulsed laser deposited YBCO and J(c) up to 1.5 MA/cm(2) have been demonstrated for MOD-YBCO using a sputtered CeO2 cap layer on the sol-gel LZO films. Solution processed buffer layers have been found to have rapid growth kinetics which could potentially mean high rate processing of these buffer layers. Using simulated ex-situ YBCO annealing studies, it has been determined that the performance of 80-120 nm thick LZO films is comparable to the standard 3-layer vapor deposited CeO2/YSZ/Y2O3 buffer stack. Using a 120 nm thick LZO layers on NiW substrates, in collaboration with American Superconductor Corp., all-solution coated conductors with the stacking sequence MOD-YBCO/Solution CeO2/Solution LZO/NiW, critical currents of up to 140 A/cm has been measured. Such high critical currents on an all-solution conductor offers promise for cost-effective scale-up of coated conductor processing. C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Houston, Houston, TX USA. Amer Supercond, Westborough, MA USA. RP Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM sathyamurths@ornl.gov; paranthamantn@ornl.gov; bhuiyanms@ornl.gov; payzanta@ornl.gov; leedf@ornl.gov; goyala@ornl.gov RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060; Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 7 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2974 EP 2976 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.848688 PN 3 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200137 ER PT J AU Aytug, T Paranthaman, M Zhai, HY Leonard, KJ Gapud, AA Thompson, JR Martin, PM Goyal, A Christen, DK AF Aytug, T Paranthaman, M Zhai, HY Leonard, KJ Gapud, AA Thompson, JR Martin, PM Goyal, A Christen, DK TI Iridium: An oxygen diffusion barrier and a conductive seed layer for RABiTS-based coated conductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE buffer layers; coated conductors; high temperature superconductors; oxygen diffusion barrier; RABiTS ID OXIDE BUFFER-LAYER; TEXTURED NI TAPES; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; FILMS; GROWTH AB For power applications of YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) coated conductors, it is necessary to electrically stabilize the conductor. An economic way to achieve this, which also benefits the engineering J(E), is to grow conductive buffer layers directly on textured Cu or Ni metal surfaces. However, due to poor oxidation resistance and high reactivity/diffusivity of Cu or Ni, an insulating oxide layer usually forms at the metal/substrate interface, degrading the electrical connectivity of the entire architecture. To overcome this problem, we have developed a new conductive, nonmagnetic buffer layer architecture of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/Ir on textured Ni-based tapes. This structure serves as a barrier to both inward diffusion of oxygen and outward diffusion of metal cations. Using PLD to grow YBCO, we demonstrate ideal electrical coupling to the metal substrate. Critical current (I-c) values for 1 mu m thick YBCO coatings exceed 100 A/cm-width at 77 K on a Ni-W RABiTS template. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM aytugt@ornl.gov RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015; OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531; Gapud, Albert/0000-0001-9048-9230 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2977 EP 2980 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.848690 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200138 ER PT J AU Cantoni, C Goyal, A Schoop, U Li, X Rupich, MW Thieme, C Gapud, AA Kodenkandath, T Aytug, T Paranthaman, M Kim, K Budai, JD Christen, DK AF Cantoni, C Goyal, A Schoop, U Li, X Rupich, MW Thieme, C Gapud, AA Kodenkandath, T Aytug, T Paranthaman, M Kim, K Budai, JD Christen, DK TI Investigation of TiN seed layers for RABiTS architectures with a single-crystal-like out-of-plane texture SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE buffer layers for coated conductors; critical current density; epitaxial layers on textured metals; Ni-alloys; TiN; XRD texture ID FILMS; DEPOSITION; GROWTH; TAPES; METAL AB Sharpening of the substrate texture is key to obtain critical current densities approaching single crystal values in coated conductors. In particular, great improvements in J(c) are obtained by narrowing the substrate texture down to values of 3-4 degrees for both phi-scan and omega-scan FWHM. The best Ni-alloy substrates used today for RABiTS show FWHM's of 6-5 degrees. Although the majority of buffer layers deposited on these tapes by various techniques approximately duplicate the substrate's grain alignment, some materials have been found to develop much sharper out-of-plane texture. Here we report on growth and structural characterization of TiN seed layers on various textured metal tapes. TiN seed layers deposited by PLD have consistently shown tilting of the c-axis toward the direction of the sample's surface normal. We address the extent of such tilt and discuss feasibility of alternative RABiTS architectures that use a TiN seed layer to provide very sharp out-of-plane texture and serve as an effective metal-ion diffusion barrier. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Amer Supercond Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM cantonic@ornl.gov; uschoop@amsuper.com; kyz@ornl.gov RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015; Budai, John/R-9276-2016; Cantoni, Claudia/G-3031-2013; OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531; Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306; Cantoni, Claudia/0000-0002-9731-2021; Gapud, Albert/0000-0001-9048-9230 NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2981 EP 2984 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.848691 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200139 ER PT J AU Kim, K Norton, DP Cantoni, C Aytug, T Gapud, AA Paranthaman, MP Goyal, A Christen, DK AF Kim, K Norton, DP Cantoni, C Aytug, T Gapud, AA Paranthaman, MP Goyal, A Christen, DK TI (La, Sr)TiO3 as a conductive buffer for high-temperature superconducting coated conductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE conducting oxides; conductive buffer layer; pulsed laser deposition; superconductors; thin films ID TEXTURED NI TAPES; THICK-FILMS; DEPOSITION; LAYER; METAL; FABRICATION AB The perovskite (La, Sr)TiO3 was investigated as a possible conducting oxide buffer layer for high-temperature superconducting coated conductors. In particular, the growth of LSTO films on SrTiO3 single crystal, Ni-W, and Cu tapes was performed using pulsed laser deposition. LSTO films were grown in vacuum at a temperature of 750 degrees C. From the omega-scan, the FWHM values of LSTO (004) on Ni-W and Cu tape were 7.48 degrees and 6.21 degrees, which showed improvement in the out-of-plane texture for the film as compared to the substrate metal tapes. The phi-scans through the LSTO (112) on both metal tapes indicated in-plane-aligned LSTO grains. YBa2Cu3O7 films were deposited on all three structures by pulsed laser ablation; samples on LSTO/SrTiO3 single crystals had a superconducting transition of 91 degrees K and a Jc value of 3.0 MA/cm(2). This shows that LSTO is a good template for the YBCO film in terms of epitaxial and chemically stable growth. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM kkim@mse.ufl.edu RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015; Cantoni, Claudia/G-3031-2013; OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531; Cantoni, Claudia/0000-0002-9731-2021; Gapud, Albert/0000-0001-9048-9230 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2997 EP 3000 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.848699 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200143 ER PT J AU Venkataraman, K Hellstrom, EE Paranthaman, M AF Venkataraman, K Hellstrom, EE Paranthaman, M TI Growth of lanthanum manganate buffer layers for coated conductors via a metal-organic decomposition process SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE chemical solution deposition; coated conductor; lanthanum manganate; LMO; metal substrate ID CHEMICAL SOLUTION DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; NI AB Perovskite LaMnO3 (LMO) in thin film embodiment has been identified as a potential candidate for use as a buffer layer in coated conductors. This paper delineates the process-properties relationships investigated for the metal-organic decomposition (MOD) growth of LMO thin films on bare cube-textured Ni-W tape sections. Epitaxial films of pseudocubic perovskite LMO were obtained for samples fired at 1100 degrees C in a humidified forming gas (Ar/4% H-2, P-H2O similar to 2 Torr) ambient atmosphere. The surface morphology, epitaxy, and composition of the films are reported. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Appl Supercond Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Venkataraman, K (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Appl Supercond Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM hellstrom@engr.wisc.edu; paranthamanm@ornl.gov RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 3005 EP 3008 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.848702 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200145 ER PT J AU Ye, ZX Li, Q Si, WD Johnson, PD AF Ye, ZX Li, Q Si, WD Johnson, PD TI Critical current density enhancement in YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin films by twin domains of LaAlO3 substrates SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE flux pinning; magneto optical; superconductor; YBCO ID T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; BOUNDARIES AB Magnetic flux penetration into a 0.2 mu m-thick YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) thin film grown on a crystalline LaAlO3 (LAO) substrate was studied using magneto-optical imaging techniques. Enhanced critical current density J(c) was observed at the location corresponding to twin domains on the underlying substrate. We attribute this J(c) enhancement to increased pinning defects in the YBCO layer induced by the naturally formed nano-scaled surface roughness on the LAO substrate. Our results suggest that the substrate surface roughness might be helpful in J(c) improvement of YBCO thin films grown on metal substrates by pulsed laser deposition. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ye, ZX (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM qiangli@bnl.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 3013 EP 3015 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.848705 PN 3 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200147 ER PT J AU Koritala, RE Ma, BH Miller, DJ Uprety, KK Fisher, BL Balachandran, U AF Koritala, RE Ma, BH Miller, DJ Uprety, KK Fisher, BL Balachandran, U TI Surface roughness of magnesium oxide buffer layers grown by inclined substrate deposition SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE buffer layers; inclined substrate deposition; roughness; superconducting films ID YBCO-COATED CONDUCTORS; YTTRIA-STABILIZED-ZIRCONIA; CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; THIN-FILMS; TEXTURE DEVELOPMENT; LASER DEPOSITION; MGO; BICRYSTALS; YBA2CU3O7; TAPES AB Biaxially textured MgO films were grown by inclined substrate deposition (ISD) as template layers for YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO)-coated conductors. The surface roughness of films deposited at different angles and with varying thickness was examined by atomic force microscopy. Results were correlated with the texture, measured by X-ray diffraction, to determine the optimal thickness and deposition angle. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Technol Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Koritala, RE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Technol Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM koritala@anl.gov RI Koritala, Rachel/F-1774-2011; Ma, Beihai/I-1674-2013 OI Ma, Beihai/0000-0003-3557-2773 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 3031 EP 3033 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.848712 PN 3 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200152 ER PT J AU Meng, RL Baikalov, A Pham, D Rusakova, IA Sun, YY Cmaidalka, J Wang, C Iliev, MN Chu, CW AF Meng, RL Baikalov, A Pham, D Rusakova, IA Sun, YY Cmaidalka, J Wang, C Iliev, MN Chu, CW TI YBCO/YCBCO multi-layer healing technique for YBCO coated conductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE current density; superconducting materials; thin films ID GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; CALCIUM AB The influence of (Y0.8Ca0.2)Ba2Cu3Oy (YCBCO) over-layers on YBCO film properties has been studied on multi-layer YBCO/YCBCO films. The films were deposited on (001) MgO single-crystal substrates by pulsed-laser deposition. The results unambiguously demonstrate that a YCBCO over-layer can greatly improve the overall crystallinity of the YBCO films and thus their J(c). An optimal layer-number (n) of the multi-layer YBCO (n layers)/YCBCO (n-1 layers) has been identified to produce a maximum J(c) enhancement. The observations suggest that the YBCO/YCBCO multi-layer healing technique (MLHT) mentioned above may be used for the fabrication of low cost, high performance YBCO coated conductors by relaxing the stringent and costly requirements for precise atomic alignment employed in previous fabrication methods. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct & Adv Mat, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Meng, RL (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM rmeng@uh.edu RI ILIEV, MILKO/A-5941-2008 OI ILIEV, MILKO/0000-0002-9685-542X NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 3086 EP 3089 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.848964 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200166 ER PT J AU Serquis, A Civale, L Hammon, DL Serrano, G Nesterenko, VF AF Serquis, A Civale, L Hammon, DL Serrano, G Nesterenko, VF TI Optimization of critical currents in MgB2 wires and coils SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE critical currents; doping; materials processing; superconducting cables ID IN-TUBE MGB2; CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; FE-CLAD; POWDER; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; TAPES; MICROSTRUCTURE AB We present an analysis of the effect of SiC doping and heat treatments, including hot isostatic pressing (HIPing), on the microstructure, magnetization and transport properties of MgB2 wires and coils prepared by the powder in tube (PIT) method. The HIPed wires have higher critical current densities (J(c)) than the annealed wires, especially at high temperatures and magnetic fields, and higher irreversibility field. The improvements are due to the reduction of porosity and to a high density of structural defects, which are the likely source of vortex pinning. We demonstrate that the high-quality properties mentioned above can be retained in longer wires. At 25 K our champion 6-layer coil, made with 25 meters of wire, was able to generate a field of 1 T at self-field. We were able to achieve even higher J(c)'s in another coil by combining the addition of SiC and HIPing. We also observed a larger upper critical field due to the SiC doping, which drives the sample to the dirty limit. C1 Ctr Atom Bariloche, Inst Balseiro, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Technol Met Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Ctr Atom Bariloche, Inst Balseiro, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. EM aserquis@cab.cnea.gov.ar; lcivale@lanl.gov; hammon@lard.gov; serranog@ib.cnea.gov.ar; vnestere@mechanics.ucsd.edu RI Serquis, Adriana/L-6554-2015 OI Serquis, Adriana/0000-0003-1499-4782 NR 15 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 3188 EP 3191 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.848787 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200192 ER PT J AU Cook, LP Klein, R Wong-Ng, W Huang, Q Ribeiro, RA Canfield, PC AF Cook, LP Klein, R Wong-Ng, W Huang, Q Ribeiro, RA Canfield, PC TI Thermodynamics of MgB2 - by calorimetry and Knudsen thermogravimetry SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE enthalpy of formation; MgB2 phase diagram; thermodynamics; vapor pressure AB The vapor pressure of MgB2, corresponding to the reaction, 2 MgB2(cr) -> MgB4(cr) + Mg(g), has been measured by Knudsen effusion vacuum thermogravimetry. The vapor pressure over the range 600 degrees C-850 degrees C can be expressed as: log p(mg)(Pa) = -1.129141 (10000/T) + 7.328161, where T is the temperature in Kelvin. By extrapolation, the 0.1 MPa decomposition temperature of MgB, is estimated to be 1268 degrees C. In a separate calorimetric investigation on the same material, using the isoperibol solution method, we measured the enthalpy of formation of MgB2, Delta(f)H(MgB2)degrees (298.15), to be -(155.9 +/- 14.2) kJ (.) mol(-1). By combining the vapor pressure data and the enthalpy data, the Mg-rich part of the Mg-B phase diagram can be calculated. The measured vapor pressures are approximately an order of magnitude higher than those derived from published thermodynamic data. The lower limit of Mg pressures for the deposition of high-purity MgB2 thin films at any given temperature may therefore be at a higher value than previously thought. C1 NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Cook, LP (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lawrence.cook@nist.gov; canfield@ameslab.gov RI Ribeiro, Raquel/B-9041-2012; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 OI Ribeiro, Raquel/0000-0001-6075-1701; NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 3227 EP 3229 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.848809 PN 3 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200202 ER PT J AU Ye, ZX Li, QA Hu, YF Pogrebnyakov, AV Cui, Y Xi, XX Redwing, JM Li, Q AF Ye, ZX Li, QA Hu, YF Pogrebnyakov, AV Cui, Y Xi, XX Redwing, JM Li, Q TI Magneto-optical imaging studies of flux propagation in ultra-pure and carbon-doped MgB2 thin films SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE flux jump; magneto optical; MgB2; superconductor AB The mixed state in c-axis oriented ultra-pure MgB2 thin films and carbon-doped MgB2 thin films produced by hybrid physical-chemical vapor deposition was studied using magneto-optical imaging (MOI) technique. In the ultra-pure MgB2 films, a regular magnetic flux penetration pattern was observed, as expected from the Bean critical state model. This is in striking contrast to earlier MOI observations of MgB2 films made by pulse laser deposition, where dentritic flux jumps were usually abundant at temperature below 10 K. In our carbon-doped MgB2 thin films, similar dentritic flux jumps were also observed at low temperature and low applied magnetic field. It is evident that the dendritic flux jumps or stability of the film is strongly influenced by the material parameters of the films, rather than inherent in all MgB2 thin films. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Ye, ZX (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM qiangli@bnl.gov NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 3273 EP 3276 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.848850 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200214 ER PT J AU Moeckly, BH Kihlstrom, KE Findikoglu, AT Oates, DE AF Moeckly, BH Kihlstrom, KE Findikoglu, AT Oates, DE TI Microwave properties of MgB2 thin films grown by reactive evaporation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE intermodulation distortion; magnesium diboride; microwave properties; superconducting materials growth; thin films ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SURFACE IMPEDANCE; INTERMODULATION; RESONATORS AB We have grown MgB2 films using the deposition technique of reactive evaporation. This method allows high-quality, large-area, double-sided films to be grown on a large variety of substrate materials. These films are therefore well suited for applications, several of which may exploit the low-loss high-frequency properties of MgB2, including passive microwave resonators and filters, nuclear magnetic resonance coils, and RF cavities for particle accelerators. Determining the surface resistance and nonlinear properties of our films can thus give us an idea of their suitability for these applications, as well as tell us something about their fundamental superconducting nature. We have begun measuring the microwave properties of our films using both a parallel plate technique and by patterning the films into stripline resonators and lumped-element resonators and filters. The films display very low surface resistance values. C1 Superconductor Technol Inc, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 USA. Westmont Coll, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Lincoln Lab, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Moeckly, BH (reprint author), Superconductor Technol Inc, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 USA. EM bmoeckly@suptech.com; kilh-strom@suptech.com; findik@lanl.gov; oates@ll.mit.edu NR 21 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 3308 EP 3312 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.848864 PN 3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200223 ER PT J AU Ghosh, AK Cooley, LD Moodenbaugh, AR AF Ghosh, AK Cooley, LD Moodenbaugh, AR TI Investigation of instability in high J(c) Nb3Sn strands SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE electric variables measurements; niobium-tin compounds; stability; superconducting filaments; wires ID SUPERCONDUCTORS AB Magnetization measurements show that modern high current-density Nb3Sn strands made for HEP programs exhibit flux-jump instabilities at low fields, due to their having large effective filament diameters. Such instabilities might be problematic because they can initiate a quench in low-field regions of magnets. We explored magnetization and transport measurements of the most recent high J(c) Nb3Sn strands and cables to probe the instability behavior. In the regime where flux jumps are seen by magnetization measurements, transport current measurements show a threshold for stability. This threshold is significantly lower than the critical current at higher fields, and above this threshold, quenching in the strand could be initiated by ramping the magnetic field. The threshold current depends on the wire size and internal filament design, and is consistent with stability criteria. In cables, quench currents were nearly independent of field after training, and were far below the expected critical currents. Details of these measurements and their implications for testing and use in magnets are discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Magnet Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ghosh, AK (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Magnet Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM aghosh@bnl.gov; moodenba@bnl.gov RI Cooley, Lance/E-7377-2015 OI Cooley, Lance/0000-0003-3488-2980 NR 13 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 3360 EP 3363 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.848904 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200236 ER PT J AU Barzi, E Andreev, N Bordini, B Del Frate, L Kashikhin, VV Turrioni, D Yamada, R Zlobin, AV AF Barzi, E Andreev, N Bordini, B Del Frate, L Kashikhin, VV Turrioni, D Yamada, R Zlobin, AV TI Instabilities in transport current measurements of Nb3Sn strands SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE critical current; instability; multifilamentary strand; Nb3Sn AB The critical current of Nb3Sn strands used in Fermilab's high field magnets was measured at low and high fields under various experimental conditions using the voltage-current (V-I) and voltage-field (V-H) methods. The strands were produced using Modified Jelly Roll, Restacked Rod Process and Powder-in-Tube technologies. V-I characteristics at fields above 10-12 T with a smooth transition from the superconducting to normal phase allowed determining strand critical current. V-I and V-H measurements at low fields showed premature quenches due to magnetic instability in strands with high critical current density and large effective filament size. The results of the strand critical current measurements at low and high fields are herein presented. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Barzi, E (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM barzi@fnal.gov NR 8 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 3364 EP 3367 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.848906 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200237 ER PT J AU Zeitlin, BA Gregory, E Marte, J Benz, M Pyon, T Scanlan, R Dietderich, D AF Zeitlin, BA Gregory, E Marte, J Benz, M Pyon, T Scanlan, R Dietderich, D TI Results on mono element internal tin Nb3Sn conductors (MEIT) with Nb7.5Ta and Nb(1Zr+O-X) filaments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE internal tin; Nb1Zr; niobium tin; superconductors AB Results on high current density high volume fraction Nb7.5Ta MEIT conductor incorporating a Sn + Ti source with a J(c) of more than of 3000 A/mm(2) at 12 T are presented and compared to a MEIT conductor incorporating Ti in the Sn. The effect of two fins on the D-eff and magnetization are discussed. Results on moderate volume fraction WIT conductors with Nb1Zr filaments both with and without the addition of Oxygen are presented. The effect of oxygen on J(c), grain size and layer J(c) are presented and discussed. C1 Supergen LLC, Sarasota, FL 34242 USA. Supergen I LLC, Jefferson, MA 01522 USA. GE Co, Corp Res & Dev, Schenectady, NY 12301 USA. Engn Horizons Int LLC, Lincoln, VT 05443 USA. Outokumpu AS Inc, Waterbury, CT 06704 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zeitlin, BA (reprint author), Supergen LLC, Sarasota, FL 34242 USA. EM brucezeitlin@comcast.net; ericgregory@charter.net; marte@crd.ge.com; benz@engineeringhorizons.com; tae.pyon@outokumpu.com; rmscanlan@lbl.gov; drdieterich@lbl.gov NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 3393 EP 3398 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.848917 PN 3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200244 ER PT J AU Ghosh, AK Cooley, LD Moodenbaugh, AR Parrell, JA Field, MB Zhang, Y Hong, S AF Ghosh, AK Cooley, LD Moodenbaugh, AR Parrell, JA Field, MB Zhang, Y Hong, S TI Magnetization studies of high Jc Nb3Sn strands SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE effective filament diameter; magnetization rneasurement; niobium-tin compounds; superconducting filaments and wires ID MULTIFILAMENTARY NB3SN; FIELD; CONDUCTORS; SN AB Magnetization measurements have been made on several high J(c), Nb3Sn strands fabricated by different internal-Sn designs. In general these conductors have high magnetization at low fields, often exhibiting flux-jumps that are characteristic of large superconductor diameter. The effective filament size d(eff) is approximately the size of the sub-element because the filament pack within each sub-element is fully coupled. Dividing the filament pack of the sub-element by adding Ta is effective for reducing d(eff) and magnetization instability. But, some residual coupling across the dividers seems to remain below 6 K, perhaps due to Ta3Sn. Implications for accelerator magnets are discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Oxford Superconding Technol, Carteret, NJ USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM aghosh@bnl.gov RI Cooley, Lance/E-7377-2015 OI Cooley, Lance/0000-0003-3488-2980 NR 14 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 3494 EP 3497 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.0848995 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200269 ER PT J AU Grabovickic, R James, DR Sauers, I Ellis, AR Irwin, PC Weeber, K Li, L Gadre, AD AF Grabovickic, R James, DR Sauers, I Ellis, AR Irwin, PC Weeber, K Li, L Gadre, AD TI Measurements of temperature dependence of partial discharge in air gaps between insulated Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O tapes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE BSCCO tapes; cryogenic dielectrics; cryogenic insulation; partial discharge ID VOIDS; PD AB Partial discharge (PD) in trapped air-filled gaps between two adjacent insulated high temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes made of Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox (BSCCO) was investigated experimentally. PD measurements were performed at several temperatures ranging from 295 K to 41 K. At each temperature a series of AC voltages of equal duration and increasing magnitude was applied to the inter-turn insulation until PD was initiated and observed on the insulation condition monitor ICM digital PD system. The PD data are presented in the form of phase and amplitude resolved PD (PRPD) patterns. The voltage at which PD initiation (PDIV) and extinction (PVEV) is observed at a particular temperature was measured on an oscilloscope. Experimentally obtained PDIV and PDEV values are compared with the Paschen curve values for air and the effect of temperature on PDIV is discussed. The data show that relatively low PD onsets can occur even when the insulation is cooled to the 40 to 50 K range which may be due to the presence of ice layers on the surface of the voids. C1 Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Gen Elect Global Res Ctr, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. RP Weeber, K (reprint author), Powerlink Queensland, Virginia, Australia. EM rgrabovi@powerlink.qld.gov.au; jamesdr@ornl.gov; irwinpc@crd.ge.com NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 3668 EP 3671 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849388 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200311 ER PT J AU Askew, TR O'Daniel, JC Weber, JM Cha, YS AF Askew, TR O'Daniel, JC Weber, JM Cha, YS TI Nonlinear magnetic diffusion in single-domain YBCO cylinders under pulsed field conditions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE magnetic diffusion; magnetic flux penetration; magnetic shielding; single-domain YBCO cylinders ID T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; TRANSIENT-RESPONSE; CRITICAL-STATE; O RINGS; TUBE AB A step-function increase in magnetic field has been applied to various single-domain Y-Ba-Cu-O rings and disks at 77 K. The magnetic field in the center of these structures exhibits an exponential approach to an equilibrium value, as predicted by simple diffusion theory. The measured time constants are in the millisecond range and show nonlinear behavior, as predicted in recently advanced theories of magnetic diffusion under flux flow conditions. Measurements of trapped magnetic field, critical current density, and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics are compared to results obtained by measurement of magnetic diffusion. The single-domain structures are intended for use in penetration-type fault current limiters, an application where the magnetic diffusion time constants have a strong influence on device design. C1 Kalamazoo Coll, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49006 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Askew, TR (reprint author), Kalamazoo Coll, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49006 USA. EM askew@kzoo.edu; yscha@anl.gov NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 3758 EP 3761 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849424 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200333 ER PT J AU Kuritz, T Lee, I Owens, ET Humayun, M Greenbaum, E AF Kuritz, T Lee, I Owens, ET Humayun, M Greenbaum, E TI Molecular photovoltaics and the photoactivation of mammalian cells SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOBIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE artificial sight; calcium ion transport; mammalian cells; photoreceptor activity; Photosystem I (PSI) ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTION CENTERS; Y-79 RETINOBLASTOMA CELLS; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; CATION CHANNELS; PHOTOSYSTEM-I; RECONSTITUTION; LIPOSOMES; PLANTS; EXPRESSION; VACCINES AB Photosynthetic reaction centers are integral plant membrane protein complexes and molecular photovoltaic structures. We report here that addition of Photosystem I (PSI)-pro-teoliposomes to retinoblastoma cells imparts photosensitivity to these mammalian cells, as demonstrated by light-induced movement of calcium ions. Control experiments with liposomes lacking PSI demonstrated no photosensitivity. The data demonstrate that PSI, a nanoscale molecular photovoltaic structure extracted from plants, can impart a photoresponse to mammalian cells in vitro. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Doheny Eye Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. RP Greenbaum, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM greenbaum@ornl.gov NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1536-1241 J9 IEEE T NANOBIOSCI JI IEEE Trans. Nanobiosci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 4 IS 2 BP 196 EP 200 DI 10.1109/TNB.2005.850480 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 935FU UT WOS:000229765900007 PM 16117027 ER PT J AU van Drongelen, W Lee, HC Hereld, M Chen, ZY Elsen, FP Stevens, RL AF van Drongelen, W Lee, HC Hereld, M Chen, ZY Elsen, FP Stevens, RL TI Emergent epileptiform activity in neural networks with weak excitatory synapses SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL SYSTEMS AND REHABILITATION ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE epilepsy; neocortex; neural modeling ID NEURONS IN-VIVO; NEOCORTICAL SLICES; SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION; INTRACTABLE EPILEPSY; CHILDREN; SEIZURES; CORTEX; EPILEPTOGENESIS; ORGANIZATION; COMPONENTS AB Brain electrical activity recorded during an epileptic seizure is frequently associated with rhythmic discharges in cortical networks. Current opinion in clinical neurophysiology is that strongly coupled networks and cellular bursting are prerequisites for the generation of epileptiform activity. Contrary to expectations, we found that weakly coupled cortical networks can create synchronized cellular activity and seizure-like bursting. Evaluation of a range of synaptic parameters in a detailed computational model revealed that seizure-like activity occurs when the excitatory synapses are weakened. Guided by this observation, we confirmed experimentally that, in mouse neocortical slices, a pharmacological reduction of excitatory synaptic transmission elicited sudden onset of repetitive network bursting. Our finding provides powerful evidence that onset of seizures can be associated with a reduction in synaptic transmission. These results open a new avenue to explore network synchrony and may ultimately lead to a rational approach to treatment of network pathology in epilepsy. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Futures Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP van Drongelen, W (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM wvandron@peds.bsd.uchicago.edu OI Hereld, Mark/0000-0002-0268-2880; van Drongelen, Wim/0000-0001-8950-5424 NR 38 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1534-4320 J9 IEEE T NEUR SYS REH JI IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 13 IS 2 BP 236 EP 241 DI 10.1109/TNSRE.2005.847387 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Rehabilitation SC Engineering; Rehabilitation GA 936JH UT WOS:000229850800019 PM 16003905 ER PT J AU Garibaldi, F Accorsi, R Cinti, MN Cisbani, E Colilli, S Cusanno, F De Vincentis, G Fortuna, A Fratoni, R Girolarni, B Ghio, F Giuliani, F Gricia, M Lanza, R Loizzo, A Loizzo, S Lucentini, M Majewski, S Santavenere, F Pani, R Pellegrini, R Signore, A Scopinaro, F Veneroni, PP AF Garibaldi, F Accorsi, R Cinti, MN Cisbani, E Colilli, S Cusanno, F De Vincentis, G Fortuna, A Fratoni, R Girolarni, B Ghio, F Giuliani, F Gricia, M Lanza, R Loizzo, A Loizzo, S Lucentini, M Majewski, S Santavenere, F Pani, R Pellegrini, R Signore, A Scopinaro, F Veneroni, PP TI Small animal imaging by single photon emission using pinhole and coded aperture collimation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nuclear imaging; scintillation detectors; sensitivity; spatial resolution ID ARRAYS AB The design of detectors for radio-imaging of small animals is challenging because of the high spatial resolution required, possibly coupled with high efficiency to allow dynamic studies. Spatial resolution and sensitivity are difficult to attain at the same time with single photon imaging techniques because collimators define and limit performance. In this paper we first describe a simple desktop gamma imager equipped with a pinhole collimator and based on a pixellated NaI(TI) scintillator array coupled to a Hamamatsu R2486 PSPMT. The limits of such a system as well as the way to overcome them in future systems is shown next. Better light sampling at the anode level would allow better pixel identification for a higher number of pixels, which is one of the parameters defining image quality and improving spatial resolution. The performance of such a design is compared with other designs using other PSPMT types with different light sampling schemes at the anode level. Finally, we show how the substitution of the pinhole collimator with a coded aperture collimator can result in a substantial improvement in system sensitivity while maintaining very good spatial resolution, possibly at a sub-millimeter level. Calculations and simulations of a particular solution show that sensitivity can improve by a factor of nearly 30. C1 Ist Super Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Radiol, Div Nucl Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Med Sperimentale, I-00185 Rome, Italy. MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Sci Radiol, Rome, Italy. RP Garibaldi, F (reprint author), Ist Super Sanita, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy. EM franco.garibaldi@iss.infn.it RI Signore, Alberto/E-5812-2010; Pellegrini, Rosanna/I-4021-2012; GHIO, FRANCESCO/F-2092-2015; Cisbani, Evaristo/C-9249-2011 OI Loizzo, Stefano/0000-0001-6344-2613; Scopinaro, Francesco/0000-0003-1924-3005; De Vincentis, Giuseppe/0000-0003-4690-1528; Pellegrini, Rosanna/0000-0002-4082-5272; Cisbani, Evaristo/0000-0002-6774-8473 NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 52 IS 3 BP 573 EP 579 DI 10.1109/TNS.2005.851428 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 949DX UT WOS:000230766200003 ER PT J AU Bolotnikov, AE Camarda, GC Wright, GW James, RB AF Bolotnikov, AE Camarda, GC Wright, GW James, RB TI Factors limiting the performance of CdZnTe detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CdZnTe (CZT); gamma-ray detectors; semiconductor radiation detectors ID GAMMA-RAY DETECTORS; PIXEL DETECTORS; CONTACTS; TRANSPORT AB In the past few years, significant progress has been achieved in the development of room-temperature semiconductor detectors, particularly those based on CdZnTe (CZT) crystals. Several types of electron-transport-only detectors have been developed: pixel, coplanar-grid, cross-strip, drift-strip, orthogonal coplanar strip, and virtual Frisch grid, many of which are now commercially available. Despite all these varieties in the detector designs, they have many common features and problems. This review summarizes the common detector design constraints and related factors limiting performance of CZT detectors: bulk and surface leakage currents, surface effects, properties of Schottky contacts and surface interfacial layers, charge sharing and loss in multielectrode devices, charge transport nonuniformities, and fluctuations in the pulse height for long-drift-length devices. We also describe unique capabilities at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, for CZT device characterization and recent progress utilizing these tools. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11793 USA. RP Bolotnikov, AE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11793 USA. EM bolotnik@bnl.gov NR 29 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 20 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 52 IS 3 BP 589 EP 598 DI 10.1109/TNS.2005.851419 PN 1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 949DX UT WOS:000230766200005 ER PT J AU Weisenberger, AG Gleason, SS Goddard, J Kross, B Majewski, S Meikle, SR Paulus, MJ Pomper, M Popov, V Smith, MF Welch, BL Wojcik, R AF Weisenberger, AG Gleason, SS Goddard, J Kross, B Majewski, S Meikle, SR Paulus, MJ Pomper, M Popov, V Smith, MF Welch, BL Wojcik, R TI A restraint-free small animal SPECT imaging system with motion tracking SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE motion tracking; multiniodality imaging; small animal single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) ID RAY COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; ULTRA-HIGH-RESOLUTION; SMALL LABORATORY-ANIMALS; PINHOLE SPECT; EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; BRAIN; MICE; PET; COLLIMATION AB We report on an approach toward the development of a high-resolution single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) system to image the biodistribution of radiolabeled tracers such as Tc-99rn and I-125 in unrestrained/unanestbetized mice. An infrared (IR)-based position tracking apparatus has been developed and integrated into a SPECT gantry. The tracking system is designed to measure the spatial position of a mouse's head at a rate of 10-15 frames per second with submillimeter accuracy. The high-resolution, gamma imaging detectors are based on pixellated Nal(TI) crystal scintillator arrays, position-sensitive photomultiplier tubes, and novel readout circuitry requiring fewer analog-digital converter (ADC) channels while retaining high spatial resolution. Two SPECT gamma camera detector heads based upon position-sensitive photomultiplier tubes have been built and installed onto the gantry. The IR landmark-based pose measurement and tracking system is under development to provide animal position data during a SPECT scan. The animal position and orientation data acquired by the tracking system will be used for motion correction during the tomographic image reconstruction. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Royal Prince Alfred Hosp, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Weisenberger, AG (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM drew@jlab.org; gleasonss@ornl.gov; steve@cs.usyd.edu.au; mpomper@jhmi.edu RI Meikle, Steven/A-5470-2009 OI Meikle, Steven/0000-0001-7397-0364 NR 39 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 52 IS 3 BP 638 EP 644 DI 10.1109/TNS.2005.851399 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 949DX UT WOS:000230766200012 ER PT J AU Fontaine, R Belanger, F Cadorette, J Leroux, JD Martin, JP Michaud, JB Pratte, JF Robert, S Lecomte, R AF Fontaine, R Belanger, F Cadorette, J Leroux, JD Martin, JP Michaud, JB Pratte, JF Robert, S Lecomte, R TI Architecture of a dual-modality, high-resolution, fully digital positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scanner for small animal imaging SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE computed tomography; digital signal processing; field programmable gate array (FPGA); positron emission tomography ID PULSE-SHAPE DISCRIMINATION; DEPTH-OF-INTERACTION; DETECTOR; PERFORMANCE; DESIGN; LSO AB Contemporary positron emission tomography (PET) scanners are commonly implemented with very large scale integration analog front-end electronics to reduce power consumption, space, noise, and cost. Analog processing yields excellent results in dedicated applications, but offers little flexibility for sophisticated signal processing or for more accurate measurements with newer, fast scintillation crystals. Design goals of the new Sherbrooke PET/computed tomography (CT) scanner are: 1) to achieve 1 nun resolution in both emission (PET) and transmission (CT) imaging using the same detector channels; 2) to be able to count and discriminate individual X-ray photons in CT mode. These requirements can be better met by sampling the analog signal from each individual detector channel as early as possible, using off-the-shelf, 8-b, 100-MHz, high-speed analog-to-digital converters (ADC) and digital processing in field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The core of the processing units consists of Xilinx SpartanIIe that can hold up to 16 individual channels. The initial architecture is designed for 1024 channels, but modularity allows extending the system up to 10 K channels or more. This parallel architecture supports count rates in excess of a million hits/s/scintillator in CT mode and up to 100 K events/s/scintillator in PET mode, with a coincidence time window of less than 10 ns full-width at half-maximum. C1 Univ Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. CHU Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ J1H 5N4, Canada. Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Med Nucl & Radiobiol, Anim PET Imaging Grp, Sherbrooke, PQ J1H 5N4, Canada. RP Fontaine, R (reprint author), Univ Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. EM Rejean.Fontaine@USherbrooke.ca OI LECOMTE, Roger/0000-0002-8541-0783 NR 22 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 52 IS 3 BP 691 EP 696 DI 10.1109/TNS.2005.850484 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 949DX UT WOS:000230766200019 ER PT J AU Klyukhin, VI Campi, D Cure, B Gaddi, A Gerwig, H Grillet, JP Herve, A Loveless, R Smith, RP AF Klyukhin, VI Campi, D Cure, B Gaddi, A Gerwig, H Grillet, JP Herve, A Loveless, R Smith, RP TI Analysis of eddy current distributions in the CMS magnet yoke during the solenoid discharge SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE eddy currents; electromagnetic forces; finite element; methods; flux-loops; magnetic field measurements; superconducting solenoid ID ELEMENTS; FIELD AB Flux loops have been installed on selected segments of the magnetic flux return yoke of the 4 T superconducting coil of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector under construction at CERN. Voltages induced in the loops during discharge of the solenoid will be sampled online during the entire discharge and integrated offline to provide a measurement of the initial magnetic flux density in steel at the maximum field to an accuracy of a few percent. Although the discharge of the solenoid is rather slow (190 s time constant), the influence of eddy currents induced in the yoke elements should be estimated. The calculation of eddy currents is performed with Vector Fields' program ELEKTRA. The results of the calculations are reported. C1 Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, RU-119992 Moscow, Russia. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Klyukhin, VI (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, RU-119992 Moscow, Russia. EM Vyacheslav.Klyukhin@cern.ch RI Klyukhin, Vyacheslav/D-6850-2012 OI Klyukhin, Vyacheslav/0000-0002-8577-6531 NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 52 IS 3 BP 741 EP 744 DI 10.1109/TNS.2005.850932 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 949EB UT WOS:000230766600008 ER PT J AU Re, V Kirkby, D Bruinsma, M Curry, S Berryhill, J Burke, S Callahan, D Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Hale, D Hart, P Kyre, S Levy, S Long, O Mazur, M Richman, J Stoner, J Verkerke, W Beck, T Eisner, AM Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Nesom, G Seiden, A Spradlin, P Walkowiak, W Wilson, M Bozzi, C Cibinetto, G Piemontese, L Snoek, HL Brown, D Charles, E Dardin, S Goozen, F Kerth, LT Gritsan, A Lynch, G Roe, NA Chen, C Lae, CK Hulsbergen, W Lillard, V Roberts, D Lazzaro, A Palombo, F Ratti, L Manfredi, PF Mandelli, E Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, A Bosi, F Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Ceccanti, M Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Mammini, P Marchiori, G Morganti, M Morsani, F Neri, N Paoloni, E Profeti, A Rama, M Rizzo, G Simi, G Walsh, J Elmer, P Perazzo, A Burchat, P Edwards, A Majewski, S Petersen, BA Roat, C Bona, M Bianchi, F Gamba, D Trapani, P Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossuti, F Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Vitale, L Datta, A Mihalyi, A AF Re, V Kirkby, D Bruinsma, M Curry, S Berryhill, J Burke, S Callahan, D Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Hale, D Hart, P Kyre, S Levy, S Long, O Mazur, M Richman, J Stoner, J Verkerke, W Beck, T Eisner, AM Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Nesom, G Seiden, A Spradlin, P Walkowiak, W Wilson, M Bozzi, C Cibinetto, G Piemontese, L Snoek, HL Brown, D Charles, E Dardin, S Goozen, F Kerth, LT Gritsan, A Lynch, G Roe, NA Chen, C Lae, CK Hulsbergen, W Lillard, V Roberts, D Lazzaro, A Palombo, F Ratti, L Manfredi, PF Mandelli, E Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, A Bosi, F Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Ceccanti, M Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Mammini, P Marchiori, G Morganti, M Morsani, F Neri, N Paoloni, E Profeti, A Rama, M Rizzo, G Simi, G Walsh, J Elmer, P Perazzo, A Burchat, P Edwards, A Majewski, S Petersen, BA Roat, C Bona, M Bianchi, F Gamba, D Trapani, P Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossuti, F Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Vitale, L Datta, A Mihalyi, A TI Lessons learned from BaBar silicon vertex tracker, limits, and future perspectives of the detector SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE radiation damage; silicon detector AB The silicon vertex tracker (SVT) of the BaBar experiment at PEP-H is described. This is the crucial device for the measurement of the B meson decay vertices to extract charge-conjugation parity (CP) asymmetries. It consists of five layers of double-sided ac-coupled silicon strip detectors, read out by a full-custom integrated circuit, capable of simultaneous acquisition, digitization, and transmission of data. It represents the core of the BaBar tracking system, providing position measurements with a precision of 10 mu m (inner layers) and 30 mu m (outer layers). The relevant performances of the SVT are presented, and the experience acquired during the construction, installation, and the first five years of data-taking is described. Innovative solutions are highlighted, like the sophisticated alignment procedure, imposed by the design of the silicon tracker, integrated in the beamline elements and mechanically separated from the other parts of BaBar. The harshness of the background conditions in the interaction region required several studies on the radiation damage of the sensors and the front-end chips, whose results are presented. Over the next five years the luminosity is predicted to increase by a factor three, leading to radiation and occupancy levels significantly exceeding the detector design. Extrapolation of future radiation doses and occupancies is shown together with the expected detector performance and lifetime. Upgrade scenarios to deal with the increased luminosity and backgrounds are discussed. C1 Univ Bergamo, Dipartimento Fis, Bergamo, Italy. INFN Pavia, I-24129 Bergamo, Italy. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Natl Inst Nucl & High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Normale Super Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Re, V (reprint author), Univ Bergamo, Dipartimento Fis, Bergamo, Italy. RI Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Rizzo, Giuliana/A-8516-2015; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Ratti, Lodovico/I-8836-2012; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; OI Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Kirkby, David/0000-0002-8828-5463; Bettarini, Stefano/0000-0001-7742-2998; Cibinetto, Gianluigi/0000-0002-3491-6231; Rizzo, Giuliana/0000-0003-1788-2866; RATTI, LODOVICO/0000-0003-1906-1076; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Paoloni, Eugenio/0000-0001-5969-8712; Lanceri, Livio/0000-0001-8220-3095; Carpinelli, Massimo/0000-0002-8205-930X; Chen, Chunhui /0000-0003-1589-9955; Re, Valerio/0000-0003-0697-3420 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 52 IS 3 BP 787 EP 792 DI 10.1109/TNS.2005.850982 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 949EB UT WOS:000230766600016 ER PT J AU Yarema, R Hoff, J Mekkaoui, A Manghisoni, M Re, V Manfredi, PF Ratti, L Speziali, V AF Yarema, R Hoff, J Mekkaoui, A Manghisoni, M Re, V Manfredi, PF Ratti, L Speziali, V TI Fermilab silicon strip readout chip for BTeV SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CMOS; front-end electronics; noise; silicon strip detectors ID VERTEX TRACKER AB A chip has been developed for reading out the silicon strip detectors in the new BTeV colliding beam experiment at Fermilab. The chip has been designed in a 0.25 mu m complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology for high radiation tolerance. Numerous programmable features have been added to the chip, such as setup for operation at different beam crossing intervals. A full size chip has been fabricated and successfully tested. The design philosophy, circuit features, and test results are presented in this paper. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Bergamo, Dipartimento Ingn Ind, I-24044 Dalmine, BG, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Elettron, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM yarema@fnal.gov; valerio.re@unibg.it RI Ratti, Lodovico/I-8836-2012; OI RATTI, LODOVICO/0000-0003-1906-1076; Re, Valerio/0000-0003-0697-3420; Manghisoni, Massimo/0000-0001-5559-0894 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 52 IS 3 BP 799 EP 804 DI 10.1109/TNS.2005.850935 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 949EB UT WOS:000230766600018 ER PT J AU Terry, SC Blalock, BJ Rochelle, JM Ericson, MN Caylor, SD AF Terry, SC Blalock, BJ Rochelle, JM Ericson, MN Caylor, SD TI Time-domain noise analysis of linear time-invariant and linear time-variant systems using MATLAB and HSPICE SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE autocorrelation; digital filter; flicker noise; SPICE; transient noise analysis; white noise ID SIMULATION; AMPLIFIERS AB A custom simulation tool that combines HSPICE and MATLAB to enable time-domain noise analysis is reported. The simulation technique is based on computing the statistics of a random process by ensemble averaging and is applicable to both linear time-invariant (LTI) and linear time-variant (LTV) systems. MATLAB is used to generate a set of representative noise signals, which are imported into HSPICE for simulation. Once the simulations are complete the results are read back into MATLAB and ensemble statistics are calculated. The MATLAB-generated noise signals have a user-defined white-noise floor and flicker-noise corner frequency and thus are suitable for modeling a wide variety of electronic components, including CMOS transistors and resistors. Simulation results of the time-dependent output noise of a gated integrator and the timing resolution of a gated integrator/comparator detector are presented to highlight both the utility and the versatility of the tool. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Concorde Microsyst Inc, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Monolith Syst Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Terry, SC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM sterry2@utk.edu; bblalock@ece.utk.edu; rochelle@cms-asic.com; ericsonmn@ornl.gov NR 18 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 52 IS 3 BP 805 EP 812 DI 10.1109/TNS.2005.850976 PN 2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 949EB UT WOS:000230766600019 ER PT J AU Brennan, SM Mielke, AM Torney, DC AF Brennan, SM Mielke, AM Torney, DC TI Radioactive source detection by sensor networks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE distributed sensor network; gamma radiation; Geiger-Muller counter; Monte Carlo integration; Poisson statistics; true negative; true positive AB Detection limits of sensor networks for moving radioactive sources are characterized, using Bayesian methods in conjunction with computer simulation. These studies involve point sources moving at constant velocity, emulating vehicular conveyance on a straight road. For networks involving ten nodes, respective Bayesian methods are implementable in real time. We probe the increased computational requirements incurred by larger numbers of nodes and source trajectory parameters. The complexity appears quadratic in the number of nodes and, also, numerous trajectory parameters may be used. We investigate the consequences of different levels of background radiation. Simulations are shown to be useful for ranking candidate node layouts. We study the detection capabilities of individual sensors and the scalability of detection with sensor density; near the detection limit, increasing the number of sensors can accrue subproportional network sensitivity. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brennan, SM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM brennan@lanl.gov; amielke@lanl.gov; dtorney@lanl.gov NR 14 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 52 IS 3 BP 813 EP 819 DI 10.1109/TNS.2005.850487 PN 2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 949EB UT WOS:000230766600020 ER PT J AU Wohlbier, JG AF Wohlbier, JG TI Phase distortion mechanisms in linear beam vacuum devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electron tubes; intermodulation distortion; klystrons; phase distortion; traveling wave tubes ID TRAVELING-WAVE TUBE; KLYSTRON AB The mechanism for phase distortion in linear beam vacuum devices is identified in the simplest system that pertains to such devices: the force-free drifting electron beam. We show that the dominant cause of phase distortion in a force-free drifting beam is the inverse dependence of arrival time on velocity for an electron, i.e., the "1/u nonlinearity," and that a secondary cause of phase distortion is the nonlinearity of the velocity modulation. We claim that this is the mechanism for phase distortion in all linear beam vacuum devices, and provide evidence from a traveling wave tube calculation. Finally, we discuss the force-free drifting beam example in the context of the "self-intermodulation" description of phase distortion recently described by J. Wdhlbier and J. Booske, 2004 and J. Wdhlbier and J. Booske, 2005. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wohlbier, JG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wohlbier@lanl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 1031 EP 1035 DI 10.1109/TPS.2005.848615 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 935TR UT WOS:000229806800005 ER PT J AU Kim, Y Kim, KT Cha, MS Song, YH Kim, SJ AF Kim, Y Kim, KT Cha, MS Song, YH Kim, SJ TI CF4 decompositions using streamer- and glow-mode in dielectric barrier discharges SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CF4 decomposition; dielectric barrier discharge; glow; perforated DBD; streamer ID PULSED CORONA; PLASMA; NITROGEN; TORCH AB A Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is a promising candidate to remove carbon tetrafluoride (CF4) because the DBD has been successfully used for generating ozone (O-3) and decomposing nitrogen oxide (NO). A streamer- and glow-mode operations of DBD were carried out in a coaxial cylinder reactor by coupling 10-kHz alternate current (ac) power. The effect of oxygen on the CF4 decompositions was investigated and the optimum oxygen concentrations were found. We compared N-2-streamer, N-2-glow, and He-glow modes operated in a DBD to investigate the effect of plasma mode on CF4 removal. The results showed that the most efficient CF4 removal was obtained in He-glow mode, while N-2-streamer and N-2-glow modes demonstrated similar performances. With a practical point of view, we investigated an optimized geometrical configuration of streamer discharge. A micro hole-size perforated DBD showed significant increases in CF4 removal efficiency compared to the normal N2-streamer mode. C1 Korea Inst Machinery & Mat, Taejon 305343, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kim, Y (reprint author), Korea Inst Machinery & Mat, Taejon 305343, South Korea. EM yhkim@lanl.gov RI Cha, Min Suk/C-6020-2013 OI Cha, Min Suk/0000-0003-4059-3421 NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 1041 EP 1046 DI 10.1109/TPS.2005.848616 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 935TR UT WOS:000229806800007 ER PT J AU Cardozo, BL Reichertz, LA Beeman, JW Haller, EE AF Cardozo, BL Reichertz, LA Beeman, JW Haller, EE TI Characterization of liquid phase epitaxial GaAs for blocked-impurity-band far-infrared detectors SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIB; gallium arsenide; LPE; far-infrared detectors ID PHOTOCONDUCTORS; SIRTF; SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION; ARRAY AB GaAs blocked-impurity-band (BIB) photoconductor detectors have the potential to become the most sensitive, low noise detectors in the far-infrared below 45.5 cm(-1) (&GE; 220 μ m). We have studied the characteristics of liquid phase epitaxial GaAs films relevant to BIB detector production, including impurity band formation and the infrared absorption of the active section of the device. Knowledge of the far-infrared absorption spectrum as a function of donor concentration combined with variable temperature Hall effect and resistivity studies leads us to conclude that the optimal concentrartion for the absorbing layer of a GaAs BIB detector lies between 1 x 10(15) and 6.7 x 10(15) cm(-3). At these concentrations there is significant wave function overlap which in turn leads to absorption beyond the Is ground to 2p bound excited state transition of 35.5 cm(-1) (282 μ m). There still remains a gap between the upper edge of the donor band and the bottom of the conduction band, a necessity for proper BIB detector operation. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Haller, EE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM eehaller@lbl.gov NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 46 IS 5 BP 400 EP 407 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2004.07.002 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 932KY UT WOS:000229553800007 ER PT J AU Kiplinger, JL Scott, BL Burns, CJ AF Kiplinger, JL Scott, BL Burns, CJ TI Actinide complexes with the Klaui tripodal oxygen ligand - crystal structure of [{eta(4)-C5H5(CH2C(CH3)(3))}Co{P(O)(OC2H5)(2)}(3)](2)U SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE uranium; tripodal oxygen donor ligand; Klaui ligand; crystal structure; actinide ID URANIUM(IV); THORIUM(IV); REACTIVITY; DONOR AB Reaction between [(C5H5)Co{P(O)(OEt)(2)}(3)](2)UCl2 and neopentyl lithium affords the novel complex, [{eta(4)-C5H5(CH2C(CH3)(3))} Co{P(O)(OEt)(2)}(3)](2)U, in which the uranium metal center has been dehalogenated and the neopentyl nucleophiles have attacked the cyclopentadienyl groups on the Klaui ([(C5H5)Co{P(O)(OEt)(2)}(3)](-)) ligands. The uranium atom in the title compound possesses octahedral geometry defined by the oxygen atoms from two sets of tripodal oxygen ligands, while the cyclopentadienyl ligands are bound eta(4) to the cobalt atoms. The formation of this complex suggests that the Klaui ligand may not be a suitable ligand framework for supporting organometallic complexes of oxophilic early actinides. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kiplinger, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Mail Stop J-514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kiplinger@lanl.gov RI Kiplinger, Jaqueline/B-9158-2011; Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Kiplinger, Jaqueline/0000-0003-0512-7062; Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 358 IS 9 BP 2813 EP 2816 DI 10.1016/j.ica.2005.03.039 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 929QM UT WOS:000229360800027 ER PT J AU Russell, AM Zhang, Z Gschneidner, KA Lograsso, TA Pecharsky, AO Slager, AJ Kesse, DC AF Russell, AM Zhang, Z Gschneidner, KA Lograsso, TA Pecharsky, AO Slager, AJ Kesse, DC TI Mechanical properties of single crystal YCu and (Tb0.88Dy0.12)Zn B2 intermetallic compounds SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE rare-earth intermetallics; mechanical properties at ambient temperature; plastic deformation mechanisms; phase transformations; fracture mode AB Single crystal specimens of YCu with the B2-type crystal structure were tested in tension and in compression, and the isostructural single crystal specimens of 132 (Tb0.88Dy0.12)Zn were tested in tension. The YCu tensile specimens elongated several percent before fracture. The active slip systems in YCu in tension were found to be {100}< 010 > (tau(CRSS) = 17 MPa) and {110}< 010 > (tau(CRSS) = 18 MPa). Specimens of single crystal YCu were compression tested with the (100) direction as the compression axis, an orientation that puts no resolved shear stress on either the {100}< 010 > or the {110}< 010 >. These compression tests resulted in high yield stresses followed by what is believed to be a stress induced transformation to another crystallographic structure of YCu, the B27-type crystal structure. All specimens of (Tb0.88Dy0.12)Zn failed by brittle fracture. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDOE, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Bell Helicopters Textron, Ft Worth, TX USA. RP Russell, AM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDOE, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM russell@iastate.edu OI Russell, Alan/0000-0001-5264-0104 NR 11 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD JUN PY 2005 VL 13 IS 6 BP 565 EP 571 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2004.09.009 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 906UD UT WOS:000227668100001 ER PT J AU Alman, DE AF Alman, DE TI Reactive sintering of TiAl-Ti5Si3 in situ composites SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE multiphase intennetallics; titanium alummides; based on TiAl; titanium silicides; reation synthesise; sintering ID ALLOYS AB TiAl with between 0 and 20 vol%Ti5Si3 was produced by reactive sintering (700 degrees C for 15 min in vacuum) of cold pressed compacts of elemental Ti, Al and Si powder. The results show that adding Si to Ti and Al reduces the swelling associated with reactive sintering of TiAl, as composites containing more than 5 vol%Ti5Si3 densified during reactive sintering. However, composites containing more than 10vol%Ti5Si3 did not retain their shape and the TiAl+20vol%Ti5Si3 composite completely melted during the sintering process. A thermodynamic analysis indicated that the simultaneous formation of TiAl and Ti5Si3 increases the adiabatic flame temperature during the reaction between the powders. In fact, the analysis predicted that the maximum temperature of the reaction associated with the formation TiAl + 20 vol%Ti5Si3 should exceed the melting point of TiAl, and this was observed experimentally. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) revealed that an Al-Si eutectic reaction occurred in mixtures of Ti, Al and Si powders prior to the formation of the TiAl and Ti5Si3 phases. There was no such pre-reaction formation of a eutectic liquid in Ti and Al powder mixtures. The formation of the pre-reaction liquid and the increase in adiabatic flame temperature resulted in the melting that occurred and the enhanced densification (minimization of swelling) during reactive sintering of the in situ composites. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US DOE, Off Fossil Energy, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Alman, DE (reprint author), US DOE, Off Fossil Energy, Albany Res Ctr, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. EM alman@alrc.doe.gov NR 24 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD JUN PY 2005 VL 13 IS 6 BP 572 EP 579 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2004.09.011 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 906UD UT WOS:000227668100002 ER PT J AU Wang, G Shen, J Sun, JF Lu, ZP Stachurski, ZH Zhou, BD AF Wang, G Shen, J Sun, JF Lu, ZP Stachurski, ZH Zhou, BD TI Tensile fracture characteristics and deformation behavior of a Zr-based bulk metallic glass at high temperatures SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE glasses, metallic; mechanical properties at high temperatures; fracture mode; deformation map ID SUPERCOOLED LIQUID REGION; STRESS-STRAIN CURVES; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; FLOW; OVERSHOOT; STATE AB The fracture characteristics of the Zr41.25Ti13.75Ni10Cu12.5Be22.5 (at.%) bulk metallic glass subjected to tensile tests at room temperature, the calorimetric glass transition temperature, and in the supercooled liquid region have been studied. The fracture behavior at high temperatures under tension deformation can be classified as three modes, i.e. brittle fracture, necking fracture and sustainable deformation, which strongly depend on the test temperature and strain rates. Typical vein-like structures are dominant on the brittle fracture surfaces at high temperatures while cleavage veins with round-cores are observed at room temperature. The high-temperature deformation behavior and the underlying controlling mechanisms are discussed in the frame of the 'free volume' theory. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. Australian Natl Univ, Fac Engn & Informat Technol, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Lu, ZP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, 1 Bethel Vally Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM luzp@ornl.gov RI Wang, Gang/K-2630-2012; Lu, Zhao-Ping/A-2718-2009; OI Stachurski, Zbigniew/0000-0002-1317-0178 NR 24 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD JUN PY 2005 VL 13 IS 6 BP 642 EP 648 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2004.10.011 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 906UD UT WOS:000227668100011 ER PT J AU Reagan, MT Najm, HN Pebay, PP Knio, OM Ghanem, RG AF Reagan, MT Najm, HN Pebay, PP Knio, OM Ghanem, RG TI Quantifying uncertainty in chemical systems modeling SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED POLYNOMIAL CHAOS; STOCHASTIC PROJECTION METHOD; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; FINITE-ELEMENTS; FLUID-FLOW; QUANTIFICATION; SIMULATION; EXPANSION; VARIABLES; KINETICS AB This study compares two techniques for uncertainty quantification in chemistry computations, one based on sensitivity analysis and error propagation, and the other on stochastic analysis using polynomial chaos techniques. The two constructions are studied in the context of H-2-O-2 ignition under supercritical-water conditions. They are compared in terms of their prediction of uncertainty in species concentrations and the sensitivity of selected species concentrations to given parameters. The formulation is extended to one-dimensional reacting-flow simulations. The computations are used to study sensitivities to both reaction rate pre-exponentials and enthalpies, and to examine how this information must be evaluated in light of known, inherent parametric uncertainties in simulation parameters. The results indicate that polynomial chaos methods provide similar first-order information to conventional sensitivity analysis, while preserving higher-order information that is needed for accurate uncertainty quantification and for assigning confidence intervals on sensitivity coefficients. These higher-order effects can be significant, as the analysis reveals substantial uncertainties in the sensitivity coefficients themselves. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Najm, HN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave,MS 9051, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hnnajm@sandia.gov RI Knio, Omar/A-3318-2010; Ghanem, Roger/B-8570-2008; Reagan, Matthew/D-1129-2015; OI Ghanem, Roger/0000-0002-1890-920X; Reagan, Matthew/0000-0001-6225-4928; Pebay, Philippe/0000-0002-2311-3775 NR 36 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 37 IS 6 BP 368 EP 382 DI 10.1002/kin.20081 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 932AX UT WOS:000229527700006 ER PT J AU Sekulic, DP Galenko, PK Krivilyov, MD Walker, L Gao, F AF Sekulic, DP Galenko, PK Krivilyov, MD Walker, L Gao, F TI Dendritic growth in Al-Si alloys during brazing. Part 1: Experimental evidence and kinetics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID RAPID SOLIDIFICATION; UNDERCOOLED ALLOYS; PATTERN-FORMATION; GROWING CRYSTALS; BINARY ALLOY; DIFFUSION; MODEL AB This work provides empirical evidence needed for an in depth phenomenological study of dendrite growth phenomena during brazing of aluminum alloys in form of composite brazing sheets. The main objective of this study was (1) a collection of experimental evidence associated with heat and mass transfer modeling of the Al + Si solid solution dendrite macro morphology evolution inherent to joint formation during brazing, and (2) the dendrite growth kinetics analysis. The isothermal dwell and the quench that follow the clad molten aluminum binary alloy surface-tension-driven flow into the joint at the peak brazing temperature upon melting lead to the solidification of the metal micro layer and joint formation. Before, during and after the isothermal dwell a significant reduction of Si content in the melt is found. So, a subsequent dissolution may affect the interface zone between the molten clad and substrate. alpha-phase dendrite assemblies imbedded in an irregular eutectic in the joint zone are the main morphological features of the solidification microstructures. The major characteristic of the phenomenon is a sensitivity of the dendrite pattern selection and dendrite population on brazing process parameters, in particular on the temperature during the dwell. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kentucky, Coll Engn, Ctr Mfg, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Space Simulat, D-51170 Cologne, Germany. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Met & Mat Engn, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Osaka Univ, Collaborat Res Ctr Adv Sci & Technol, Osaka 5650871, Japan. RP Sekulic, DP (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Coll Engn, Ctr Mfg, 521 CRMS Bldg, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM sekulicd@engr.uky.edu NR 21 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 48 IS 12 BP 2372 EP 2384 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.01.034 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 929QR UT WOS:000229361300003 ER PT J AU Sekulic, DP Galenko, PK Krivilyov, MD Walker, L Gao, F AF Sekulic, DP Galenko, PK Krivilyov, MD Walker, L Gao, F TI Dendritic growth in Al-Si alloys during brazing. Part 2: Computational modeling SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID PATTERN SELECTION; SOLIDIFICATION; DIFFUSION AB The computational heat and mass transfer modeling approach presented in this paper emphasizes the influence of undercoolings on dendrite structure formations of the alpha phase crystals inherent to advanced phases of an aluminum brazing netshape manufacturing sequence. In the first segment of this work, the empirical evidence involving the outcome of the solidification process and its kinetics was presented. In this paper, simulation of the alpha phase crystal pattern formation is corroborated with empirical findings obtained by utilizing an AA4343/AA3003 brazing sheet exposed to controlled atmosphere brazing (CAB) in ultra-high purity nitrogen. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kentucky, Ctr Mfg, Coll Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Space Simulat, D-51170 Cologne, Germany. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Met & Mat Engn, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Osaka Univ, Collaborat Res Ctr Adv Sci & Technol, Osaka 5650871, Japan. RP Sekulic, DP (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Ctr Mfg, Coll Engn, 521 CRMS Bldg, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM sekulicd@engr.uky.edu NR 26 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 48 IS 12 BP 2385 EP 2396 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.01.036 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 929QR UT WOS:000229361300004 ER PT J AU Ma, H Guo, P Zhang, JS Li, N Fu, BMM AF Ma, H Guo, P Zhang, JS Li, N Fu, BMM TI Enhancement of oxygen transfer in liquid lead and lead-bismuth eutectic by natural convection SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE oxygen transfer; nature convection; liquid metal ID HEAT-TRANSFER; ENCLOSURE; CORROSION; METAL AB The present study carries out numerical analysis of the coupled natural convection and oxygen transfer of low-Prandtl-number (similar to 0.02) liquid lead and lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) for testing and calibrating low concentration level oxygen sensors. The analysis is performed on the two-dimensional coordinates in a rectangular container, where the fluid movement is laminar for the purpose of sensor test and calibration. The oxygen supply is from the cover gas at the top of the container. Natural convection and oxygen transfer are examined under three temperature boundary conditions: (a) heated from the lower part and cooled from the upper part of the sidewalls of the container; (b) heated from the sidewalls and cooled from the top of the container; (c) one sidewall heated and the opposing wall cooled. It is found that there are four, two and one convective circulation cells under conditions (a), (b), and (c), respectively. All these flows induced by the natural convection greatly enhance the oxygen transfer in the liquid metal. The most efficient one is under condition (b), in which it takes about 1000 s for the oxygen concentration in the whole field to reach similar to 90% of the input oxygen concentration from the top, instead of similar to 10(6) s by the pure diffusion. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Mech Engn, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Fu, BMM (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Biomed Engn, 138th St Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM fu@ccny.cuny.edu RI Zhang, Jinsuo/H-4717-2012 OI Zhang, Jinsuo/0000-0002-3412-7769 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 48 IS 13 BP 2601 EP 2612 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.01.025 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 996VD UT WOS:000234202400003 ER PT J AU Brightwell, R Riesen, R Underwood, KD AF Brightwell, R Riesen, R Underwood, KD TI Analyzing the impact of overlap, offload, and independent progress for message passing interface applications SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th EuroPVM/MPI Meeting CY SEP 18-21, 2004 CL Budapest, HUNGARY DE message passing interface; overlap; offload; progress ID NETWORK AB The overlap of computation and communication has long been considered to be a significant performance benefit for applications. Similarly, the ability of the Message Passing Interface (MPI) to make independent progress (that is, to make progress on outstanding communication operations while not in the MPI library) is also believed to yield performance benefits. Using an intelligent network interface to offload the work required to support overlap and independent progress is thought to be an ideal solution, but the benefits of this approach have not been studied in depth at the application level. This lack of analysis is complicated by the fact that most MPI implementations do not sufficiently support overlap or independent progress. Recent work has demonstrated a quantifiable advantage for an MPI implementation that uses offload to provide overlap and independent progress. The study is conducted on two different platforms with each having two MPI implementations (one with and one without independent progress). Thus, identical network hardware and virtually identical software stacks are used. Furthermore, one platform, ASCI Red, allows further separation of features such as overlap and offload. Thus, this paper extends previous work by further qualifying the source of the performance advantage: offload, overlap, or independent progress. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Tech Staff, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brightwell, R (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1094-3420 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 19 IS 2 BP 103 EP 117 DI 10.1177/1094342005054257 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 926WR UT WOS:000229154900002 ER PT J AU Thakur, R Gropp, W Toonen, B AF Thakur, R Gropp, W Toonen, B TI Optimizing the synchronization operations in message passing interface one-sided communication SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th EuroPVM/MPI Meeting CY SEP 18-21, 2004 CL Budapest, HUNGARY DE MPI; one-sided communication; synchronization; remote-memory access ID IMPLEMENTATION; PERFORMANCE AB One-sided communication in Message Passing Interface (MPI) requires the use of one of three different synchronization mechanisms, which indicate when the one-sided operation can be started and when the operation is completed. Efficient implementation of the synchronization mechanisms is critical to achieving good performance with one-sided communication. However, our performance measurements indicate that in many MPI implementations, the synchronization functions add significant overhead, resulting in one-sided communication performing much worse than point-to-point communication for short- and medium-sized messages. In this paper, we describe our efforts to minimize the overhead of synchronization in our implementation of one-sided communication in MPICH2. We describe our optimizations for all three synchronization mechanisms defined in MPI: fence, post-start-complete-wait, and lock-unlock. Our performance results demonstrate that, for short messages, MPICH2 performs six times faster than LAM for fence synchronization and 50% faster for post-start-complete-wait synchronization, and it performs more than twice as fast as Sun MPI for all three synchronization methods. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Thakur, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM THAKUR@MCS.ANL.GOV; GROPP@MCS.ANL.GOV; TOONEN@MCS.ANL.GOV OI Gropp, William/0000-0003-2905-3029 NR 16 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1094-3420 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 19 IS 2 BP 119 EP 128 DI 10.1177/1094342005054258 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 926WR UT WOS:000229154900003 ER PT J AU Bakkal, M Shih, AJ McSpadden, SB Liu, CT Scattergood, RO AF Bakkal, M Shih, AJ McSpadden, SB Liu, CT Scattergood, RO TI Light emission, chip morphology, and burr formation in drilling the bulk metallic glass SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MACHINE TOOLS & MANUFACTURE LA English DT Article DE bulk metallic glass; drilling; light emission; chip morphology; burr formation ID FRACTURE; ALLOYS AB The chip light emission, chip morphology, burr formation and machined surface in drilling of Zr-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) material are investigated. This study demonstrates that the work- and tool-material as well as the feed rate and spindle speed, two drilling process parameters, all affect the onset of chip light emission. Slow feed rate and high spindle speed increase the specific cutting energy and promote the exothermic oxidation and light emission of the chip. Six types of chip morphology, powder, short ribbon, long ribbon. long spiral, long ribbon tangled. and fan, are observed in BMG drilling. The long ribbon tangled chip morphology is unique for BMG material. On the machined surface under quick stop condition, the fracture topography unique to metallic glass with tributary, void, and vein patterns is observed. Different burr formations are observed: the roll-over shape in the entry and the crown shape in the exit edge. The size of burr in the exit edge is typically larger than that in the entrance edge. High feed rate helps to reduce the size of burr in both entrance and exit edges. This Study concludes that the WC-Co tool-material, due to its high thermal conductivity and hardness, performs better in drilling BMG than the high speed steel tool. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Istanbul Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, TR-34439 Istanbul, Turkey. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Shih, AJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM shiha@umich.edu RI Scattergood, Ronald/D-5204-2009 NR 13 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0890-6955 J9 INT J MACH TOOL MANU JI Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 45 IS 7-8 BP 741 EP 752 DI 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2004.11.004 PG 12 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 914EF UT WOS:000228207300001 ER PT J AU Bakkal, M Shih, AJ McSpadden, SB Scattergood, RO AF Bakkal, M Shih, AJ McSpadden, SB Scattergood, RO TI Thrust force, torque, and tool wear in drilling the bulk metallic glass SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MACHINE TOOLS & MANUFACTURE LA English DT Article DE bulk metallic glass; drilling; drilling force and torque; drill wear ID SIGNALS AB The thrust force, torque, and tool wear in drilling of Zr-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) material are investigated. Drilling the BMG at high speed generates the chip light emission, high tool temperature, and severe tool wear. At low spindle speed, the BMG work-material builds up at the major and margin cutting edges and may break the drill. A range of feasible spindle speed and feed rate for the efficient drilling of BMG without the detrimental chip light emission and cutting edge work-material build-up has been identified in this study. Under the same drilling condition, the WC-Co tool generally requires less thrust force and about the same torque than the high-speed steel tool. The progressive wear of the major and margin cutting edges for BMG drilling is examined. Severe drill wear is associated with the bright BMG chip light emission. Without chip light emission, the drill wear is visible but not severe. This study concluded that precision holes in BMG could be generated with proper selection of tooling and process parameters. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Istanbul Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, TR-34439 Istanbul, Turkey. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Shih, AJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM shiha@umich.edu RI Scattergood, Ronald/D-5204-2009 NR 9 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0890-6955 J9 INT J MACH TOOL MANU JI Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 45 IS 7-8 BP 863 EP 872 DI 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2004.11.005 PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 914EF UT WOS:000228207300014 ER PT J AU Erdemir, A Li, SH Jin, YS AF Erdemir, A Li, SH Jin, YS TI Relation of certain quantum chemical parameters to lubrication behavior of solid oxides SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE lubricious oxides; solid lubrication; electronegativity; chemical hardness; quantum chemistry; tribochemistry ID ABSOLUTE ELECTRONEGATIVITY; HARDNESS; WEAR; DITHIOPHOSPHATE; CHEMISTRY; TRIBOLOGY; COATINGS; FILMS AB It is well-documented that certain oxides (such as Re2O7, B2O3, MoO3, V2O5, etc.) can provide friction coefficients of 0.1-0.3 to sliding surfaces at elevated temperatures and thus they are often referred to as lubricious oxides in the tribology literature. In a recently proposed crystal chemical model, Erdemir was able to establish a close correlation between the reported friction coefficients of such oxides and their ionic potentials [1]. In the present paper, we expand on this original concept and explore the relevance of two other quantum chemical parameters, electronegativity and chemical hardness, to the lubricity of solid oxides. These parameters have already been used by scientists to explain the nature of tribochemical interactions between various oil additives and sliding surfaces. It is conceivable that electronegativity and chemical hardness may also be strongly related to the extent of adhesive interactions and shear rheology of solid oxides and hence to their lubricity. The new results have confirmed that electronegativity, like ionic potential, is indeed a valid quantum chemistry parameter that can be used in predicting the lubrication behavior of solid oxides. Generally, the higher the electronegativity of the solid oxides is, the lower the friction coefficients will be. However, chemical hardness did not yield a similar trend. In light of these new findings, we propose some guidelines for the formulation of novel oxide or alloy systems that can lead to the formation of lubricious oxides at elevated temperatures. The findings of this study may pave the way for designer-based tribosystems in general and smart tribochemical systems in particular in future tribological applications such as dry machining. C1 Chevron Texaco Global Lubricants, Lubricant Tribol, Richmond, CA 94802 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Tsing Hua Univ, State Key Lab Tribol, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Li, SH (reprint author), Chevron Texaco Global Lubricants, Lubricant Tribol, Richmond, CA 94802 USA. EM erdemir@anl.gov; li_shenghua@tsinghua.org.cn; Shenghua_Li@maxtor.com NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 15 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-0067 J9 INT J MOL SCI JI Int. J. Mol. Sci. PD JUN-AUG PY 2005 VL 6 IS 6-8 BP 203 EP 218 DI 10.3390/i6060203 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 984QE UT WOS:000233318600001 ER PT J AU Bass, BR Williams, PT Pugh, CE AF Bass, BR Williams, PT Pugh, CE TI An updated correlation for crack-arrest fracture toughness for nuclear reactor pressure vessel steels SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING LA English DT Article DE fracture mechanics; crack arrest; nuclear reactor; pressure vessel; ferritic steels; lognormal distribution ID THERMAL-SHOCK AB An updated and statistically-rigorous correlation is provided for crack-arrest toughness values versus normalized temperature for light-water nuclear reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels. The database used in this effort is larger than applied heretofore and includes results from tests of laboratory-size specimens and from tests of large-scale specimens, which contain features prototypical of operating RPVs. The mathematical methodology used is based on a lognormal distribution, with its parameters calculated by orthogonal distance regression. This correlation was developed as one of several items updated for use in the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission's extensive program to evaluate and potentially revise its rule for ensuring structural integrity of operating RPVs when subjected to pressurized thermal-shock transients. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bass, BR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,Mail Stop 6085, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM bassbr@ornl.gov NR 28 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-0161 J9 INT J PRES VES PIP JI Int. J. Pressure Vessels Pip. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 82 IS 6 BP 489 EP 495 DI 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2004.12.006 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 921MB UT WOS:000228767600005 ER PT J AU Berryman, JG AF Berryman, JG TI Bounds and estimates for elastic constants of random polycrystals of laminates SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE VISCOELASTIC MODULI; LONG-WAVELENGTH PROPAGATION; COMPLEX SHEAR MODULUS; RIGOROUS BOUNDS; 2-PHASE MEDIA; VARIATIONAL APPROACH; DIMENSIONS; COMPOSITES; INCLUSIONS; SCHEME AB In order to obtain formulas providing estimates for elastic constants of random polycrystals of laminates, some known rigorous bounds of Peselnick, Meister, and Watt are first simplified. Then, some new self-consistent estimates are formulated based on the resulting analytical structure of these bounds. A numerical study is made, assuming first that the internal structure (i.e., the laminated grain structure) is not known, and then that it is known. The purpose of this aspect of the study is to attempt to quantify the differences in the predictions of properties of the same system being modelled when such internal structure of the composite medium and spatial correlation information is and is not available. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Berryman, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808 L-202, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM berryman1@llnl.gov RI Berryman, James/A-9712-2008 NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 42 IS 13 BP 3730 EP 3743 DI 10.1016/j.ijpsolstr.2004.12.015 PG 14 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 909BE UT WOS:000227833100007 ER PT J AU Lin, KW Gambino, RJ Lewis, LH AF Lin, KW Gambino, RJ Lewis, LH TI Tuning microstructural and magnetic properties of ion-beam-deposited Ni80Fe20/Ni(x)Fe1-xO composite films SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS & REVIEW PAPERS LA English DT Article DE exchange coupling; ion-beam deposition; Ni80Fe20/NixFe1-xO composite films; zero-field-cooled/field-cooled magnetization; SQUID magnetometry ID COO AB Composite films of Ni80Fe20/NixFe1-xO were prepared by dual ion-beam deposition. The structural and magnetic properties of these composite films were studied. The as-deposited Ni80Fe20 films (a = 3.55 angstrom) consist of f.c.c. nanocrystallites while films prepared with 55% O-2 in the assist beam consist of a rock-salt structure NixFe1-xO (a = 4.21 angstrom) solid solution. The rock-salt phase undergoes an unusual dissociation reaction from NixFe1-xO into Ni (a = 3.52 angstrom), NiO (a = 4.19 angstrom), and NiFe2O4 (a = 8.33 angstrom) upon annealing. The differences (Delta) in magnetic moment at 10 K between zero-field-cooled (ZFC) and field-cooled (FC) curves are closely related to the interphase exchange interaction in these composite films. Suppression of the Curie temperature (TC) was observed in both pure Permalloy and Ni80Fe20/NixFe1-xO composite films, and the T-C depression was reduced by annealing. C1 Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Taichung 402, Taiwan. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lin, KW (reprint author), Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Taichung 402, Taiwan. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU JAPAN SOC APPLIED PHYSICS PI TOKYO PA KUDAN-KITA BUILDING 5TH FLOOR, 1-12-3 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Brief Commun. Rev. Pap. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 44 IS 6A BP 3936 EP 3938 DI 10.1143/JJAP.44.3936 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 940EH UT WOS:000230126000059 ER PT J AU Mogi, M Inoue, Y Yamamoto, T Tanaka, I Nachimuthu, P Perera, RCC AF Mogi, M Inoue, Y Yamamoto, T Tanaka, I Nachimuthu, P Perera, RCC TI Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure of PdO at OK-edge SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS & REVIEW PAPERS LA English DT Article DE near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure; first-principles calculation; catalyst; palladium oxide; APW plus lo ID SPECTRA; PALLADIUM AB The first-principles band structure calculations are carried out to interpret the spectral fine structure of the near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectrum of PdO at the 0 K-edge by the full-potential augmented plane wave plus local orbitals (APW+lo) method. The observed NEXAFS fine structure of PdO is quantitatively reproduced by our calculations. Three types of PdO polymorph are examined, which show a significant difference in theoretical NEXAFS profile. They can be used as theoretical finger prints for future studies. C1 NISSAN ARC LTD, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Fukui Inst Fundamental Chem, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068103, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP NISSAN ARC LTD, 1 Natsushima Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. EM mogi@nissan-arc.co.jp RI Tanaka, Isao/B-5941-2009 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU JAPAN SOC APPLIED PHYSICS PI TOKYO PA KUDAN-KITA BUILDING 5TH FLOOR, 1-12-3 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Brief Commun. Rev. Pap. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 44 IS 6A BP 4057 EP 4059 DI 10.1143/JJAP.44.4057 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 940EH UT WOS:000230126000084 ER PT J AU Bastiani-Ceccotti, S Audebert, P Renaudin, P Chenais-Popovics, C Geindre, JP Tzortzakis, S Nagels-Silvert, V Shepherd, R Matsushima, I Gary, S Girard, F Peyrusse, O Gauthier, JC AF Bastiani-Ceccotti, S Audebert, P Renaudin, P Chenais-Popovics, C Geindre, JP Tzortzakis, S Nagels-Silvert, V Shepherd, R Matsushima, I Gary, S Girard, F Peyrusse, O Gauthier, JC TI X absorption spectra in femtosecond plasmas SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA French DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Colloquium on Coherent and Incoherence UV, VUV and X Sources CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL St Etienne, FRANCE ID SUBPICOSECOND LASER; INTERFEROMETRY; SPECTROSCOPY; PULSES C1 Univ Paris 06, Ecole Polytech, LULI, CNRS,CEA,UMR 7605, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Commissariat Energie Atom, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, LLNL, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. Univ Bordeaux 1, CELIA, UMR 5107, CNRS,CEA, F-33405 Talence, France. RP Bastiani-Ceccotti, S (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Ecole Polytech, LULI, CNRS,CEA,UMR 7605, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RI Isao, Matsushima/A-2365-2013; Tzortzakis, Stelios/J-5559-2013 OI Tzortzakis, Stelios/0000-0001-9242-4182 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUN PY 2005 VL 127 BP 125 EP 129 DI 10.1051/jp4:2005127019 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 949HN UT WOS:000230775900020 ER PT J AU Poutsma, ML AF Poutsma, ML TI Comparison of literature models for volatile product formation from the pyrolysis of polyisobutylene at mild conditions: Data analysis, free-radical mechanistic considerations, and simulation of initial product-forming pathways SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS LA English DT Review DE polyisobutylene; pyrolysis; kinetic modeling; back-biting; steric effects ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; HYDROGEN-ATOM ABSTRACTION; ABSOLUTE RATE CONSTANTS; DI-TERT-BUTYLMETHANE; NEUTRON SPIN-ECHO; THERMAL-DEGRADATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; OH RADICALS AB Two models for formation of volatile n-mers from pyrolysis of polyisobutylene, at mild conditions are compared: the random scission model of Lehrle and the back-biting model of Sawaguchi, each having a competitive unzipping component to form monomer. Arguments for preferring the latter are presented. The Lehrle model rationalizes the statistical dependence of the major tBu-terminated olefinic n-mers on n, an observation that is counterintuitive for a back-biting process. However, it implies that selectivity to monomer should decrease with increasing conversion, contrary to observation; it over-predicts the formation of alpha,omega-dienes; and it does not account for the minor iPr-terminated olefinic n-mers. These latter observations are rationalized by Sawaguchi by an increasing incursion of radical chain reactions emanating from the tert terminal radical (R-t(center dot)), in competition with the major reactions emanating from the prim R-p(center dot), and by assigning oligomer formation to intramolecular 1,x-shifts with a very modest rate dependence on x, contrary to literature evidence. To resolve these discrepancies, we present a simple simulation of initial product distributions based on ratios of rate constants for transfer (k(H)), beta-scission (k(beta)), and 1,x-shifts (k(1,x)), as a function of radical type. In contrast to Sawaguchi, we allow only x = 5 for R-p* and x = 4 and 6 for R-t(center dot) but allow for serial shifts along the polymer chain, in competition with transfer and beta-scission. Reasonable agreement with data was achieved, within the context of the back-biting, if the following changes were made compared with small-molecule models: a major increase in the k(beta):k(H) ratio and a lesser increase in the k(15):k(H) ratio for R-p(center dot), a significant decrease in the rate of expulsion of a prim radical by beta-scission from a see compared with a prim radical, and a significant decrease in the rate of thermoneutral 1,5-shift between sec compared with prim centers; in addition, a k(beta)(R-t(center dot))lk(beta)(R-p(center dot)) ratio less than unity appears necessary. The resulting occurrence of significant serial 1,5-shifts allows the back-biting process to produce tBu-terminated olefinic n-mers whose composition indeed masquerades as statistical. Molecular-mechanics estimates of the perturbations of the thermochemistry of elementary radical steps that are likely to be induced by the sterically crowded structure of polyisobutylene generally support these changes. However, some remaining discrepancies are noted. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM poutsmaml@oml.gov NR 191 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2370 EI 1873-250X J9 J ANAL APPL PYROL JI J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis PD JUN PY 2005 VL 73 IS 2 BP 159 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.jaap.2005.02.009 PG 45 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 934RZ UT WOS:000229727300001 ER PT J AU Lumsden, MD Robertson, JL Yethiraj, M AF Lumsden, MD Robertson, JL Yethiraj, M TI UB matrix implementation for inelastic neutron scattering experiments SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB The UB matrix approach has been extended to handle inelastic neutron scattering experiments with differing k(i) and k(f). We have considered the typical goniometer employed on triple-axis and time-of-flight spectrometers. Expressions are derived to allow for calculation of the UB matrix and for converting from observables to Q-energy space. In addition, we have developed appropriate modes for calculation of angles for a specified Q-energy position. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lumsden, MD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM lumsdenmd@ornl.gov RI Lumsden, Mark/F-5366-2012 OI Lumsden, Mark/0000-0002-5472-9660 NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI FREDERIKSBERG C PA 1 ROSENORNS ALLE, DK-1970 FREDERIKSBERG C, DENMARK SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 38 BP 405 EP 411 DI 10.1107/S0021889805004875 PN 3 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 926SE UT WOS:000229142100001 ER PT J AU Zhang, YG Wilkinson, AP Lee, PL Shastri, SD Shu, DM Chung, DY Kanatzidis, MG AF Zhang, YG Wilkinson, AP Lee, PL Shastri, SD Shu, DM Chung, DY Kanatzidis, MG TI Determining metal ion distributions using resonant scattering at very high-energy K-edges: Bi/Pb in Pb5Bi6Se14 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; THERMOELECTRIC COMPOUNDS; POWDER DIFFRACTION; SITE OCCUPANCIES; BOND-VALENCE; TL0.5PB0.5SR2CA2CU3O9; SR8GA16GE30; IMAGE AB Powder diffraction data collected at similar to 86 keV, and just below both the Pb and the Bi K-edges, on an imaging plate detector using synchrotron radiation from the Advanced Photon Source have been used to examine the Pb/Bi distribution over the 11 crystallographically distinct sites in Pb5Bi6Se14 [ space group P2(1)/m, a = 16.0096 ( 2) angstrom, b = 4.20148 ( 4) angstrom, c = 21.5689 ( 3) angstrom and beta = 97.537 ( 1)degrees]. The scattering factors needed for the analyses were determined both by Kramers Kronig transformation of absorption spectra and by analyses of diffraction patterns from reference compounds. Even with the relatively low scattering contrast that is available at the K-edges, it was possible to determine the Pb/Bi distribution and probe the presence of cation site vacancies in the material. The current results indicate that resonant scattering measurements at high-energy K-edges are a viable, and perhaps preferable, route to site occupancies when absorption from the sample or sample environment/container is a major barrier to the acquisition of high-quality resonant scattering data at lower-energy edges. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, XOR, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Wilkinson, AP (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM angus.wilkinson@chemistry.gatech.edu RI Wilkinson, Angus/C-3408-2008 OI Wilkinson, Angus/0000-0003-2904-400X NR 35 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI FREDERIKSBERG C PA 1 ROSENORNS ALLE, DK-1970 FREDERIKSBERG C, DENMARK SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 38 BP 433 EP 441 DI 10.1107/S0021889805005686 PN 3 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 926SE UT WOS:000229142100005 ER PT J AU Matthies, S Pehl, J Wenk, HR Lutterotti, L Vogel, SC AF Matthies, S Pehl, J Wenk, HR Lutterotti, L Vogel, SC TI Quantitative texture analysis with the HIPPO neutron TOF diffractometer SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID RIETVELD REFINEMENT; DIFFRACTION SPECTRA; POWDER DIFFRACTION; POSITIVITY METHOD; LIMESTONE; STANDARD AB One of the design goals of the neutron time-of-flight (TOF) diffractometer HIPPO ( High Pressure - Preferred Orientation) at LANSCE ( Los Alamos Neutron Science Center) was efficient quantitative texture analysis. In this paper, the effects of the HIPPO detector geometry and layout on texture analysis, particularly the shape and dimensions of the detector panels, are investigated in detail. An equal-channel angular-pressed (ECAP) aluminium sample with a strong texture was used to determine the methodological limitations of various methods of quantitative texture analysis. Several algorithms for extracting the orientation distribution function (ODF) from the TOF spectra are compared: discrete orientations at arbitrary positions, harmonic methods in Rietveld codes (MAUD and GSAS) and discrete methods in MAUD. Because of the detector geometry, the sharpest texture peaks that can be represented are 12 - 15 degrees in width, resulting in an optimal texture resolution of 25 - 30 degrees. Due to the limited resolution and incomplete pole-figure coverage, harmonic expansions beyond L = 12 ( where L is the maximum degree of the harmonic expansion) introduce subsidiary oscillations, which are consistently identified as artifacts. Only discrete methods provide a quantitative representation of the texture. Harmonic methods are adequate for a qualitative description of the main texture component. The results of the analysis establish HIPPO as an efficient instrument to determine preferred orientations in relatively short measuring times. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. Univ Trent, Dipartimento Ingn Mat & Tecnol Ind, I-38100 Trento, Italy. Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wenk, HR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wenk@seismo.berkeley.edu RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Lutterotti, Luca/E-2426-2014; OI Lutterotti, Luca/0000-0002-0949-8322; Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361 NR 30 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI FREDERIKSBERG C PA 1 ROSENORNS ALLE, DK-1970 FREDERIKSBERG C, DENMARK SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 38 BP 462 EP 475 DI 10.1107/S0021889805006187 PN 3 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 926SE UT WOS:000229142100009 ER PT J AU Maia, FRNC Szoke, A DeLano, W van der Spoel, D AF Maia, FRNC Szoke, A DeLano, W van der Spoel, D TI Interactive visualization of electron density slices SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Software Review ID RESOLUTION; MOLSCRIPT; MAPS AB A new tool has been developed to aid in the visualization of electron density in crystals or from quantum chemistry calculations. It displays the fine details of the electron density on a plane and the three-dimensional model of the molecule at the same time. The program enables the user to examine the details of weak or irregular features. Such features frequently occur in low-resolution maps, where they determine the correct tracing of a protein backbone. In high-resolution maps, solvent regions are difficult or impossible to observe using isosurfaces. The tool has been integrated into an existing molecular visualization package (PyMol) making it possible to observe and interact both with a structure model and the electron density slices freely, simultaneously and independently. This visualization model fills a gap in the visualization methods available to crystallographers and others who work with electron density maps. C1 Uppsala Univ, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. DeLano Sci LLC, San Carlos, CA 94070 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP van der Spoel, D (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Husargatan 3,Box 596, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. EM spoel@xray.bmc.uu.se RI van der Spoel, David/A-5471-2008; Rocha Neves Couto Maia, Filipe/C-3146-2014 OI van der Spoel, David/0000-0002-7659-8526; Rocha Neves Couto Maia, Filipe/0000-0002-2141-438X NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI FREDERIKSBERG C PA 1 ROSENORNS ALLE, DK-1970 FREDERIKSBERG C, DENMARK SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 38 BP 563 EP 565 DI 10.1107/S0021889805008289 PN 3 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 926SE UT WOS:000229142100022 ER PT J AU Chui, CO Lee, DI Singh, AA Pianetta, PA Saraswat, KC AF Chui, CO Lee, DI Singh, AA Pianetta, PA Saraswat, KC TI Zirconia-germanium interface photoemission spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-BAND ALIGNMENTS; GE; HFO2; SI; DIELECTRICS; OXIDATION; OFFSETS; GROWTH; LAYER AB An ultrathin zirconia gate dielectric had been successfully incorporated into germanium metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices demonstrating very high-permittivity gate stacks with no apparent interfacial layer. In this study, synchrotron-radiation photoemission spectroscopy has been applied on the same gate stack to identify and quantify the presence of any interfacial germanium suboxide layer. By taking progressive core-level spectra during the layer-by-layer removal of the zirconia film, an oxidized germanium layer with submonolayer thickness was found, possibly arising from an interfacial Zr-O-Ge bonding configuration. In addition, the offsets in the valence-band spectra were also monitored and the energy-band diagram of the zirconia-germanium heterostructure was constructed. Compared to high-kappa gate stacks on Si, the thinner interfacial layer and larger conduction-band offset in high-kappa gate stacks on Ge suggest better scalability towards an ultimately higher MOS gate capacitance. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Chui, CO (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM chion@stanford.edu RI Chui, Chi On/F-1754-2015 OI Chui, Chi On/0000-0001-9413-2511 NR 29 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 11 AR 113518 DI 10.1063/1.1922090 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 935SW UT WOS:000229804700034 ER PT J AU Deb, A Bergmann, U Cramer, SP Cairns, EJ AF Deb, A Bergmann, U Cramer, SP Cairns, EJ TI In situ x-ray absorption spectroscopic study of the Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O-2 cathode material SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; FINE-STRUCTURE ANALYSIS; STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; INSERTION MATERIAL; LINIO2; CELLS; TRANSITION; CAPACITY; LICOO2 AB The layered LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 system has recently drawn considerable interest for use as a cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries. In order to investigate the charge-compensation mechanism and structural perturbations occurring in the system during cycling, in situ x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements were performed utilizing a novel electrochemical in situ cell specifically designed for long term x-ray experiments. The cell was cycled at a moderate rate through a typical Li-ion battery operating voltage range (2.9-4.7 V). The electrode contained 2.025 mg of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 on a 25-mu m Al foil and had an area of 0.79 cm(2). The x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements were performed at the Ni, Co, and the Mn edges at different states of charge (SOC) during cycling, revealing details about the response of the cathode to Li insertion and extraction processes. Changes of bond distance and coordination number of Ni, Co, and Mn absorbers as a function of the state of charge of the material were obtained from the extended x-ray-absorption fine structure (EXAFS) region of the spectra. The x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) region was studied in order to characterize the oxidation states of the 3d transition metals during cycling (Li extraction/insertion). We found that oxidation states of transition metals in LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 are Ni2+, Co3+, and Mn4+, whereas during charging Ni2+ is oxidized to Ni4+ through an intermediate stage of Ni3+, Co3+ is oxidized almost to Co4+ and, utilizing Faraday's calculation and XAS results, the Co was found to be at Co3.92+ at the end of the charge, while Mn was found to be electrochemically inactive and remains as Mn4+. The EXAFS data that were collected continuously during cycling revealed details about the response of the cathode to Li insertion and extraction. These measurements on the LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode confirmed that the material retains its symmetry and good structural short-range order leading to superior cycling. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Deb, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ADeb@lbl.gov RI Deb, Aniruddha/H-7529-2016; Cairns, Elton/E-8873-2012 OI Deb, Aniruddha/0000-0002-0331-9709; Cairns, Elton/0000-0002-1179-7591 NR 53 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 62 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 11 AR 113523 DI 10.1063/1.1921328 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 935SW UT WOS:000229804700039 ER PT J AU Ertekin, E Greaney, PA Chrzan, DC Sands, TD AF Ertekin, E Greaney, PA Chrzan, DC Sands, TD TI Equilibrium limits of coherency in strained nanowire heterostructures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MISMATCHED SEMICONDUCTOR-MATERIALS; LIQUID-SOLID MECHANISM; CARBON NANOTUBES; GROWTH; JUNCTIONS; NANOHETEROEPITAXY; CRYSTALS; MISFIT AB Due to their unique boundary conditions, nanowire heterostructures may exhibit defect-free interfaces even for systems with large lattice mismatch. Heteroepitaxial material integration is limited by lattice mismatches in planar systems, but we use a variational approach to show that nanowire heterostructures are more effective at relieving mismatch strain coherently. This is an equilibrium model based on the Matthews critical thickness in which the lattice mismatch strain is shared by the nanowire overlayer and underlayer, and could as well be partially accomodated by the introduction of a pair of misfit dislocations. The model is highly portable to other nanowire material systems and can be used to estimate critical feature sizes. We find that the critical radius of this system is roughly an order of magnitude larger than the critical thickness of the corresponding thin film/substrate material system. Finite element analysis is used to assess some aspects of the model; in particular, to show that the variational approach describes well the decay of the strain energy density away from the interface. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Ertekin, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 210 Hearst Mem Min Bldg, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM elif@berkeley.edu; tsands@ecn.purdue.edu RI Sands, Timothy/D-2133-2009; Ertekin, Elif/D-6764-2013 OI Sands, Timothy/0000-0001-9718-6515; NR 27 TC 214 Z9 214 U1 5 U2 41 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 11 AR 114325 DI 10.1063/1.1903106 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 935SW UT WOS:000229804700119 ER PT J AU King, WE Campbell, GH Frank, A Reed, B Schmerge, JF Siwick, BJ Stuart, BC Weber, PM AF King, WE Campbell, GH Frank, A Reed, B Schmerge, JF Siwick, BJ Stuart, BC Weber, PM TI Ultrafast electron microscopy in materials science, biology, and chemistry SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FAST PHASE-TRANSITIONS; TIME-RESOLVED TEM; TRANSIENT MOLECULAR-STRUCTURES; RAY STREAK CAMERA; SCAN CCD CAMERA; DEGREES THOMSON SCATTERING; LASER-PLASMA INTERACTIONS; ACTIVE PIXEL SENSOR; GUN TEST FACILITY; PROPAGATION DYNAMICS AB The use of pump-probe experiments to study complex transient events has been an area of significant interest in materials science, biology, and chemistry. While the emphasis has been on laser pump with laser probe and laser pump with x-ray probe experiments, there is a significant and growing interest in using electrons as probes. Early experiments used electrons for gas-phase diffraction of photostimulated chemical reactions. More recently, scientists are beginning to explore phenomena in the solid state such as phase transformations, twinning, solid-state chemical reactions, radiation damage, and shock propagation. This review focuses on the emerging area of ultrafast electron microscopy (UEM), which comprises ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) and dynamic transmission electron microscopy (DTEM). The topics that are treated include the following: (1) The physics of electrons as an ultrafast probe. This encompasses the propagation dynamics of the electrons (space-charge effect, Child's law, Boersch effect) and extends to relativistic effects. (2) The anatomy of UED and DTEM instruments. This includes discussions of the photoactivated electron gun (also known as photogun or photoelectron gun) at conventional energies (60-200 keV) and extends to MeV beams generated by rf guns. Another critical aspect of the systems is the electron detector. Charge-coupled device cameras and microchannel-plate-based cameras are compared and contrasted. The effect of various physical phenomena on detective quantum efficiency is discussed. (3) Practical aspects of operation. This includes determination of time zero, measurement of pulse-length, and strategies for pulse compression. (4) Current and potential applications in materials science, biology, and chemistry. UEM has the potential to make a significant impact in future science and technology. Understanding of reaction pathways of complex transient phenomena in materials science, biology, and chemistry will provide fundamental knowledge for discovery-class science. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. FOM, Inst Atom & Mol Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Brown Univ, Dept Chem, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP King, WE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-356,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Campbell, Geoffrey/F-7681-2010; Stuart, Brent/K-4988-2015 NR 234 TC 160 Z9 163 U1 9 U2 91 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 11 AR 111101 DI 10.1063/1.1927699 PG 27 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 935SW UT WOS:000229804700001 ER PT J AU Pint, BA Deacon, RM AF Pint, BA Deacon, RM TI Comment on "Oxidation of alloys containing aluminum and diffusion in Al2O3" [J. Appl. Phys. 95, 3217 (2004)] SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; ALPHA-AL2O3 SCALES; GROWTH MECHANISMS; OXIDE-SCALE; YTTRIUM; ODS; ADDITIONS; AL AB Three problems have been identified with this recently published paper: (1) The author claims that alumina scales do not satisfy the conditions necessary to apply the Wagner oxidation theory. Reassessment of several of the author's proposed nine criteria indicates that Wagner's theory does apply. (2) The author repeatedly mentions a lack of correlation between oxidation rates and diffusion rates and their different activation energies. It is shown that reasonable oxidation rates can be calculated from the extrapolated grain-boundary diffusion relationships. (3) The author proposes a mechanism for the growth of alumina scales involving the transport of a neutral AlO species. This mechanism is inconsistent with repeated experimental results indicating that the growth of alumina scales is by charged species and that the alumina growth rate can be altered by an applied current. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Pint, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pintba@ornl.gov RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 11 AR 116111 DI 10.1063/1.1923610 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 935SW UT WOS:000229804700158 ER PT J AU Simakov, NN Simakov, AN AF Simakov, NN Simakov, AN TI Anomaly of gas drag force on liquid droplets in a turbulent two-phase flow produced by a mechanical jet sprayer at intermediate Reynolds numbers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Hydrodynamic properties of a turbulent two-phase flow (water droplets in the air) produced by a mechanical jet sprayer were studied experimentally and the drag force on the droplets was found to be anomalously weak; the drag coefficient is four to seven times smaller than predicted by standard expressions. Several hypotheses are suggested in this article and discussed in an attempt to explain the phenomenon. A two-dimensional model of the flow with the drag anomaly is proposed, which provides excellent agreement between the numerical and experimental results. Taking the drag anomaly into account allows an explanation of a number of features of the two-phase flow that are hard to explain otherwise, in particular, the fact that only about one-half of the initial water jet momentum was transferred to the gas during the experiment. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Yaroslavl State Tech Univ, Yaroslavl 150023, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Simakov, NN (reprint author), Yaroslavl State Tech Univ, Moskovskii Prospekt 88, Yaroslavl 150023, Russia. EM simakov@lanl.gov NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 11 AR 114901 DI 10.1063/1.1905777 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 935SW UT WOS:000229804700132 ER PT J AU Stevens-Kalceff, MA Wong, J AF Stevens-Kalceff, MA Wong, J TI Distribution of defects induced in fused silica by ultraviolet laser pulses before and after treatment with a CO2 laser SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 351 NM; DAMAGE GROWTH; GLASSY SIO2; LUMINESCENCE; IRRADIATION; BANDS; MECHANISMS; MITIGATION; DEPENDENCE; DIOXIDE AB The depth distribution of ultraviolet laser irradiation-induced defects in fused silica has been determined using cathodoluminescence (CL) microanalysis. CL emissions have been observed at 1.9, 2.2, 2.7, and 4.4 eV. In addition, following a CO2 laser treatment for damage mitigation, an emission at 3.2 eV is also observed. The CL emissions have been identified with the nonbridging oxygen hole center, the self-trapped exciton, the oxygen-deficient center, and the aluminum impurity center. The spatially resolved CL data are consistent with the damage initiation at the exit surface. The concentration of 355-nm laser-induced defects is greatest at the surface and monotonically decays to preirradiation levels at similar to 10-mu m depth below the surface. The CO2 processing reduces the defect concentration and spatial distribution to a maximum depth of similar to 6 mu m, confirming significant damage mitigation. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Stevens-Kalceff, MA (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM marion.stevens-kalceff@unsw.edu.au NR 42 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 11 AR 113519 DI 10.1063/1.1922591 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 935SW UT WOS:000229804700035 ER PT J AU Yuen, HB Bank, SR Wistey, MA Harris, JS Seong, MJ Yoon, S Kudrawiec, R Misiewicz, J AF Yuen, HB Bank, SR Wistey, MA Harris, JS Seong, MJ Yoon, S Kudrawiec, R Misiewicz, J TI Improved optical quality of GaNAsSb in the dilute Sb limit SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; MODULATION SPECTROSCOPY; QUANTUM-WELLS; LASERS; GROWTH; SURFACTANT; GAINNASSB; SEMICONDUCTORS; LAYERS; GAASN AB GaNAs(Sb) layers were grown by solid-source molecular-beam epitaxy utilizing a radio frequency (rf) nitrogen plasma source. The samples contained less nitrogen and antimony (0.5%-0.8% N and <= 2% Sb) than in previous studies and were examined for their optical and electronic properties and any interactions between the elements. Secondary-ion-mass spectrometry, high-resolution x-ray diffraction, electroreflectance (ER) spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) measurements were used to study those properties. We found that the addition of small amounts of antimony enhanced nitrogen incorporation into GaAs, similar to other studies that used 5-15x the mole fraction of antimony. The nitrogen concentration increased with increasing antimony flux. PL measurements indicated an improvement in optical quality with increasing nitrogen and antimony concentrations-contrary to the belief that adding more nitrogen necessarily degrades material quality. We collected and simulated ER spectra to examine the general band properties of the layers. Isoelectronic codoping can explain the improved quality when antimony is added to GaNAs. The improvement in GaNAs with small amounts of antimony holds great promise for improving strain-compensated GaInNAs(Sb)/GaNAs devices. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Solid State & Photon Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Wroclaw Univ technol, Inst Phys, PL-50370 Wroclaw, Poland. RP Yuen, HB (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Solid State & Photon Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM hyuen@snow.stanford.edu NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 11 AR 113510 DI 10.1063/1.1926398 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 935SW UT WOS:000229804700026 ER PT J AU Polonsky, IN Love, SP Davis, AB AF Polonsky, IN Love, SP Davis, AB TI Wide-Angle Imaging Lidar deployment at the ARM Southern Great Plains site: Intercomparison of cloud property retrievals SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-SCATTERING LIDAR; LIQUID WATER-CONTENT; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; SOLAR-RADIATION; GREEN-FUNCTION; THICKNESS; STRATOCUMULUS; SIMULATIONS; RADAR AB The Wide-Angle Imaging Lidar (WAIL), a new instrument that measures cloud optical and geometrical properties by means of off-beam lidar returns, was deployed as part of a multi-instrument campaign to probe a cloud field at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plain (SGP) site on 25 March 2002. WAIL is designed to determine physical and geometrical characteristics using the off-beam component of the lidar return that can be adequately modeled within the diffusion approximation. Using WAIL data, the extinction coefficient and geometrical thickness of a dense cloud layer is estimated, from which optical thickness is inferred. Results from the new methodology agree well with counterparts obtained from other instruments located permanently at the SGP ARM site and from the WAIL-like airborne instrument that flew over the site during our observation period. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Polonsky, IN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM polonsky@lanl.gov NR 39 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 22 IS 6 BP 628 EP 648 DI 10.1175/JTECH1741.1 PG 21 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 940JK UT WOS:000230140600002 ER PT J AU Oganesyan, V Oganesyan, N Adams, PD Jancarik, J Yokota, HA Kim, R Kim, SH AF Oganesyan, V Oganesyan, N Adams, PD Jancarik, J Yokota, HA Kim, R Kim, SH TI Crystal structure of the "PhoU-Like" phosphate uptake regulator from Aquifex aeolicus SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROTEIN; MOLSCRIPT; BACTERIA; REPLACEMENT; PROGRAM; VERSION; DNA AB The phoU gene of Aquifex aeolicus encodes a protein called PHOU_AQUAE with sequence similarity to the PhoU protein of Escherichia coli. Despite the fact that there is a large number of family members (more than 300) attributed to almost all known bacteria and despite PHOU_AQUAE's association with the regulation of genes for phosphate metabolism, the nature of its regulatory function is not well understood. Nearly one-half of these PhoU-Iike proteins, including both PHOU_AQUAE and the one from E. coli, form a subfamily with an apparent dimer structure of two PhoU domains on the basis of their amino acid sequence. The crystal structure of PHOU_AQUAE (a 221-amino-acid protein) reveals two similar coiled-coil PhoU domains, each forming a three-helix bundle. The structures of PHOU_AQUAE proteins from both a soluble fraction and refolded inclusion bodies (at resolutions of 2.8 and 3.2 angstrom respectively) showed no significant differences. The folds of the PhoU domain and Bag domains (for a class of cofactors of the eukaryotic chaperone Hsp70 family) are similar. Accordingly, we propose that gene regulation by PhoU may occur by association of PHOU_AQUAE with the ATPase domain of the histidine kinase PhoR, promoting release of its substrate PhoB. Other proteins that share the PhoU domain fold include the coiled-coil domains of the STAT protein, the ribosome-recycling factor, and structural proteins like spectrin. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley Struct Genomics Ctr, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Oganesyan, V (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley Struct Genomics Ctr, Phys Biosci Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM voganesyan@lbl.gov RI Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013 OI Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219 FU PHS HHS [62412] NR 35 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 187 IS 12 BP 4238 EP 4244 DI 10.1128/JB.187.12.4238-4244.2005 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 936FF UT WOS:000229840200035 PM 15937186 ER PT J AU Frank, P Hodgson, KO AF Frank, P Hodgson, KO TI Cooperativity and intermediates in the equilibrium reactions of Fe(II,III) with ethanethiolate in N-methylformamide solution SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE iron; thiolate; FeMo cofactor; N-methylformamide; equilibrium ID IRON-MOLYBDENUM COFACTOR; AZOTOBACTER-VINELANDII NITROGENASE; HINDERED THIOLATE LIGANDS; MO-S COMPLEXES; FEMO-COFACTOR; SYNTHETIC ANALOGS; SULFUR PROTEINS; REDUCED STATES; BINDING-SITES; ACTIVE-SITES AB The reaction of FeCl2 or FeCl3 with sodium ethanethiolate (SEt) in N-methylformamide (NMF) has been reevaluated to rectify a previous Fe(II) oxidation artifact. On titrating Fe(II) with EtS- concentrations up to 12 mol Eq, new features in the UV/vis spectrum (epsilon(344) =(3.1 +/- 0.2) x 10(3) M-1 cm(-1); epsilon(486)=(4.5 +/- 0.1) x 10(2) M-1 cm(-1)) indicated that the first observable step was the formation of a single complex different from the known tetrahedral tetrathiolate, [Fe(SEt)(4)](2-). As the EtS- concentration increased past 12.5 mol Eq the UV/ vis spectrum gradually transformed to that of [Fe( SEt) (4)](2-) (lambda(max) = 314 nm). A Hill-formalism fit to the titration data of the initially formed complex indicated cooperative ligation by three ethanethiolate ions, with K-coop =(1.7 +/- 0.1) x 10(3) M-3 and Hill "n''= 2.4 +/- 0.1 ( r= 0.997). The 3: 1 EtS- - Fe( II) complex is proposed to be [Fe-2(SEt)(6)](2-). Titration of Fe(III) with EtS- showed direct cooperative formation of [Fe(SEt)(4)](-) [epsilon(340) =(3.4 +/- 0.5) x 10(3) M-1 cm(-1)] with a Hill-formalism K-coop =(4.3 +/- 0.1) x 10(2) M-4 and a Hill coefficient "n''= 3.7 +/- 0.2 ( r= 0.996). Further ligation past [Fe(S-Et) (4)](-) was observed at EtS- concentrations above 35 mol Eq. The Fe( III) Hill constants are at variance with our previous report. However, the UV/ vis spectrum of Fe( III) in NMF solution was found to change systematically over time, consistent with a slow progressive deprotonation of [Fe(nmf)](3+). The observed time-to-time differences in the equilibrium chemistry of Fe( III) with ethanethiolate in NMF thus reflect variation in the microscopic solution composition of FeCl3 in alkaline NMF solvent. These results are related to the chemistry of nitrogenase FeMo cofactor in alkaline NMF solution. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Hodgson, KO (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM hodgson@ssrl.slac.stanford.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-01209] NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-8257 J9 J BIOL INORG CHEM JI J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 10 IS 4 BP 373 EP 382 DI 10.1007/s00775-005-0645-5 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 934UH UT WOS:000229733600006 PM 15864505 ER PT J AU Xu, C Sivashanmugam, A Hoyt, D Wang, JJ AF Xu, C Sivashanmugam, A Hoyt, D Wang, JJ TI A complete backbone assignment of the apolipoprotein E LDL receptor binding domain SO JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR LA English DT Article C1 Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, EMSL, High Field Magnet Resonance Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, JJ (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. EM jjwang@med.wayne.edu RI Hoyt, David/H-6295-2013; xu, chao/J-3781-2013 OI xu, chao/0000-0002-4574-0059 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-2738 J9 J BIOMOL NMR JI J. Biomol. NMR PD JUN PY 2005 VL 32 IS 2 BP 177 EP 177 DI 10.1007/s10858-005-6729-2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Spectroscopy GA 948CR UT WOS:000230694100012 PM 16034672 ER PT J AU Windisch, CF Exarhos, GJ Sharma, SK AF Windisch, CF Exarhos, GJ Sharma, SK TI Viscosity by fluorescence depolarization of probe molecules SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Windisch, CF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM cf.windisch@pnl.gov NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 82 IS 6 BP 916 EP 918 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA 925RW UT WOS:000229072000030 ER PT J AU Cicero, G Catellani, A AF Cicero, G Catellani, A TI Towards SiC surface functionalization: An ab initio study SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SILICON; PHOTOEMISSION; MONOLAYERS; CHEMISTRY; GROWTH AB We present a microscopic model of the interaction and adsorption mechanism of simple organic molecules on SiC surfaces as obtained from ab initio molecular-dynamics simulations. Our results open the way to functionalization of silicon carbide, a leading candidate material for biocompatible devices. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. CNR, IMEM, I-43100 Parma, Italy. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM catellani@imem.cnr.it OI Cicero, Giancarlo/0000-0002-2920-9882 NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 21 AR 214716 DI 10.1063/1.1924546 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 934HT UT WOS:000229700600050 PM 15974771 ER PT J AU Rappl, TJ Balsara, NP AF Rappl, TJ Balsara, NP TI Does coarsening begin during the initial stages of spinodal decomposition? SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PHASE-SEPARATION; POLYMER BLENDS; MIXTURES; NUCLEATION AB The initial stages of spinodal decomposition were studied by subjecting a critical blend of model polyolefins to a pressure quench and monitoring the evolution by time-resolved small angle neutron scattering. Contrary to the predictions of the widely accepted Cahn-Hilliard-Cook theory, we demonstrate that coarsening of the phase-separated structure begins immediately after the quench and occurs throughout the initial stages of spinodal decomposition. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div & Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rappl, TJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nbalsara@berkeley.edu NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 21 AR 214903 DI 10.1063/1.1905584 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 934HT UT WOS:000229700600065 PM 15974786 ER PT J AU Sudradjat, A Ferraro, RR Fiorino, M AF Sudradjat, A Ferraro, RR Fiorino, M TI A comparison of total precipitable water between reanalyses and NVAP SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; GLOBAL OCEANS; NCEP-NCAR; CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; TROPICAL PACIFIC; VAPOR DATA; CLIMATOLOGY AB This study compares monthly total precipitable water (TPW) from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Water Vapor Project (NVAP) and reanalyses of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) (R-1), NCEP-Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP-II) (R-2), and the 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40) from January 1988 through December 1999. Based on the means, NVAP exhibits systematic wetter land regions relative to the other datasets reflecting differences in their analyses due to paucity in radiosonde observations. ERA-40 is wetter in the atmospheric convergence zones than the U.S. reanalyses and NVAP ranges in between. Differences in the annual cycle between the reanalyses (especially R-2) and NVAP are also noticeable over the tropical oceans. Analyses on the interannual variabilities show that the ENSO-related spatial pattern in ERA-40 follows more coherently that of NVAP than those of the U.S. reanalyses. The 1997/98 El Nino's effect on TPW is shown to be strongest only in NVAP, R-L and ERA-40 during the period of study. All the datasets show TPW decreases in the Tropics following the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption. By subtracting SST-estimated TPW from the datasets, only NVAP and ERA-40 can well represent the spatial pattern of convergence and/or moist-air advection zones in the Tropics. Even though all the datasets are viable for water cycle and climate analyses with discrepancies (wetness and dryness) to be aware of. this study has found that NVAP and ERA-40 perform better than the U.S. reanalyses during the 12-yr period. C1 Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, ESSIC, College Pk, MD USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Sudradjat, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, 2207 Comp & Space Sci Bldg 224, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM arief@essic.umd.edu RI Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010; Fiorino, Michael/N-4150-2014 OI Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135; Fiorino, Michael/0000-0002-2819-8157 NR 52 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 18 IS 11 BP 1790 EP 1807 DI 10.1175/JCLI3379.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 937ZU UT WOS:000229970500010 ER PT J AU Wright, JW Stouffer, RL Rodland, KD AF Wright, JW Stouffer, RL Rodland, KD TI High-dose estrogen and clinical selective estrogen receptor modulators induce growth arrest, p21, and p53 in primate ovarian surface epithelial cells SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID BREAST-CANCER CELLS; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN; P21(WAF1/CIP1) GENE; CYCLE PROGRESSION; HORMONAL-THERAPY; DNA-DAMAGE; IN-VITRO; TAMOXIFEN; PROLIFERATION; EXPRESSION AB Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer affecting women. Hormone-based therapies are variably successful in treating ovarian cancer, but the reasoning behind these therapies is paradoxical. Clinical reagents such as tamoxifen are considered to inhibit or reverse tumor growth by competitive inhibition of the estrogen receptor ( ER); however, high-dose estrogen is as clinically effective as tamoxifen, and it is unlikely that estrogen is acting by blocking ER activity; however, it may be activating a unique function of the ER that is nonmitogenic. For poorly defined reasons, 90% of ovarian cancers derive from the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). In vivo the ER-positive OSE is exposed to high estrogen levels, reaching micromolar concentrations in dominant ovarian follicles. Using cultured rhesus OSE cells in vitro, we show that these levels of estradiol ( 1 mu g/ml; similar to 3 mu M) block the actions of serum growth factors, activate the G(1) phase retinoblastoma checkpoint, and induce p21, an inhibitor of kinases that normally inactivate the retinoblastoma checkpoint. We also show that estradiol increases p53 levels, which may contribute to p21 induction. Supporting the hypothesis that clinical selective ER modulators activate this novel ER function, we find that micromolar doses of tamoxifen and the "pure antiestrogen" ICI 182,780 elicit the same effects as estradiol. We propose that, in the context of proliferation, these data clarify some paradoxical aspects of hormone-based therapy and suggest that a fuller understanding of normal ER function is necessary to improve therapeutic strategies that target the ER. C1 Oregon Reg Primate Res Ctr, Div Reprod Sci, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mol Biosci Dept, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wright, JW (reprint author), Oregon Reg Primate Res Ctr, Div Reprod Sci, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. EM wrightj@ohsu.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA78722]; NCRR NIH HHS [RR00163]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD-20869] NR 62 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 90 IS 6 BP 3688 EP 3695 DI 10.1210/jc.2004-2456 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 929MU UT WOS:000229351000078 PM 15755852 ER PT J AU Weng, L Cohen, J McPherson, R Pennacchio, LA AF Weng, L Cohen, J McPherson, R Pennacchio, LA TI Response to Wang et al. SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Letter ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; MEF2A C1 US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. Univ Ottawa, Inst Heart, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Pennacchio, LA (reprint author), US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. EM LAPennacchio@lbl.gov NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC PI ANN ARBOR PA 35 RESEARCH DR, STE 300, ANN ARBOR, MI 48103 USA SN 0021-9738 J9 J CLIN INVEST JI J. Clin. Invest. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 115 IS 6 BP 1400 EP 1400 DI 10.1172/JCI25476 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 932ZC UT WOS:000229592300007 ER PT J AU Barnard, AS Russo, SP Snook, IK AF Barnard, AS Russo, SP Snook, IK TI Modeling of stability and phase transformations in quasi-zero dimensional nanocarbon systems SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL NANOSCIENCE LA English DT Review DE diamond; nanoparticles; theory and simulation; phase transitions ID LOW-PRESSURE SYNTHESIS; NANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND FILMS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CARBON ONIONS; GRAPHITE; NANODIAMOND; SIZE; IRRADIATION; TRANSITION; SURFACES AB The transformation of nanodiamonds into carbon-onions (and vice versa) has been observed experimentally and has been modelled computationally at various levels of sophistication. Also, several analytical theories have been derived (by a number of research groups) to describe the size, temperature and pressure dependence of this phase transition. However, in most cases a pure carbon-onion or nanodiamond is not the final product. More often than not an intermediary is formed, known as a bucky-diamond, with a diamond-like core encased in an onion-like shell. This has prompted a number of studies investigating the relative stability of nanodiamonds, bucky-diamonds, carbon-onions and fullerenes, in various size regimes. Presented here is a review outlining results of numerous computational and theoretical studies examining the phase stability of carbon nanoparticles, to clarify the complicated relationship between fullerenic and diamond structures at the nanoscale. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RMIT Univ, Sch Appl Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Barnard, Amanda/A-7340-2011; snook, ian/A-3427-2009; Russo, Salvy/E-5837-2011; OI Barnard, Amanda/0000-0002-4784-2382; Russo, Salvy/0000-0003-3589-3040 NR 81 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1546-1955 EI 1546-1963 J9 J COMPUT THEOR NANOS JI J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 2 IS 2 BP 180 EP 201 DI 10.1166/jctn.2005.102 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 987RC UT WOS:000233534000002 ER PT J AU Sternberg, M Horner, DA Redfern, PC Zapol, P Curtiss, LA AF Sternberg, M Horner, DA Redfern, PC Zapol, P Curtiss, LA TI Theoretical studies of CN and C-2 addition to a (100)-(2x1) diamond surface: Nanocrystalline diamond growth mechanisms SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL NANOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nanocrystalline diamond; dicarbon; C-2; CN; adsorption; growth; nucleation ID MICROWAVE PLASMAS; AB-INITIO; GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION; FILM GROWTH; THIN-FILMS; N-BUTANE; RECONSTRUCTION; MOLECULES; ENERGIES; DYNAMICS AB Cyanogen species commonly appear upon nitrogen addition to methane/argon plasmas used for ultrananocrystalline diamond growth. The energetics of cyanogen (CN) addition to unhydrided, reconstructed diamond (100) surfaces was studied using cluster models by density functional theory, ab initio molecular orbital theory, a density-functional based tight binding method and the hybrid ONIOM method. The adsorption of CN on a diamond surface is found to be exothermic by 4.7 eV. CN forms a bond to a single surface atom, with the nitrogen end directed outward. Co-adsorption of cyanogen and carbon dimer leads to preferential adsorption of CN on top of the adsorbed carbon dimer, also with the nitrogen end pointing outward, or adsorption of CN and dicarbon at isolated sites on the surface. Implications for growth and renucleation of ultrananocrystalline diamond are discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. N Cent Coll, Naperville, IL 60540 USA. RP Curtiss, LA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Zapol, Peter/G-1810-2012 OI Zapol, Peter/0000-0003-0570-9169 NR 35 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1546-1955 J9 J COMPUT THEOR NANOS JI J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 2 IS 2 BP 207 EP 213 DI 10.1166/jctn.2005.104 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 987RC UT WOS:000233534000004 ER PT J AU Aspuru-Guzik, A Salomon-Ferrer, R Austin, B Perusquia-Flores, R Griffin, MA Oliva, RA Skinner, D Domin, D Lester, WA AF Aspuru-Guzik, A Salomon-Ferrer, R Austin, B Perusquia-Flores, R Griffin, MA Oliva, RA Skinner, D Domin, D Lester, WA TI Software news and updates - Zori 1.0: A parallel quantum Monte Carlo electronic structure package SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE electronic structure; quantum Monte Carlo; linear diffusion Monte Carlo; quantum chemistry; computer program; computational chemistry ID WAVE-FUNCTIONS; LOCAL-ENERGY; SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; OPTIMIZATION; MOLECULES; ATOMS; ALGORITHM; ACCURACY; SYSTEMS AB The Zori 1.0 package for electronic structure computations is described. Zori performs variational and diffusion Monte Carlo computations as well as correlated wave function optimization. This article presents an overview of the implemented methods and code capabilities. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, tric. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Kenneth S Pitzer Ctr Theoret Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, ERULF Program 2001, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, High Performance Comp Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Aspuru-Guzik, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Kenneth S Pitzer Ctr Theoret Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alan@aspuru.com RI Aspuru-Guzik, Alan/A-4984-2008 OI Aspuru-Guzik, Alan/0000-0002-8277-4434 NR 58 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0192-8651 J9 J COMPUT CHEM JI J. Comput. Chem. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 26 IS 8 BP 856 EP 862 DI 10.1002/jcc.20215 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 921TJ UT WOS:000228787600010 PM 15815991 ER PT J AU Lister, TE Pinhero, PJ Trowbridge, TL Mizia, RE AF Lister, TE Pinhero, PJ Trowbridge, TL Mizia, RE TI Localized attack of a two-phase metal, scanning electrochemical microscopy studies of NiCrMoGd alloys SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE corrosion; SECM; conducting AFM; nickel alloy; neutron absorber ID OXIDE-FILMS; STAINLESS-STEEL; TITANIUM; CORROSION; ELECTRODES; DENSITY; SITES AB In this paper, the corrosion of a two-phase alloy, NiCrMoGd, was studied using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). This alloy was developed as a neutron-absorbing alloy for use in nuclear waste storage applications. Gadolinium, the neutron-absorbing element, forms a secondary Ni5Gd eutectic phase, referred to as the gadolinide phase. This phase is preferentially attacked in halide-containing solutions, resulting in dissolution of the surface exposed gadolinide phase. SECM was used to image the attack of these micrometer-scale particles. The surface activity decreases following the dissolution of the gadolinide particles, which is due to the passive nature of the NiCrMo base alloy. Evidence of a coupled mechanism was observed, where the chemistry of a dissolving particle influences the stability of neighboring particles. This alloy serves as a useful system for studying the effect of localized chemistry developed at a dissolving pit on neighboring surfaces, which is a phenomenon that is inferred but not well understood. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Lister, TE (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM listte@inel.gov NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-0728 J9 J ELECTROANAL CHEM JI J. Electroanal. Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 579 IS 2 BP 291 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.jelechem.2005.02.019 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 930DD UT WOS:000229395100013 ER PT J AU Berrah, N Bilodeau, RC Bozek, JD Turri, G Ackerman, GD AF Berrah, N Bilodeau, RC Bozek, JD Turri, G Ackerman, GD TI Double photodetachment in He-: Feshbach and triply excited resonances SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA DE photodetachment; double-auger; triply excited states ID ATOMIC NEGATIVE-IONS; 1S THRESHOLD; REGION; LI AB We have investigated with unprecedented levels of detail K-shell photodetachment of metastable 1s2s2p P-4 He- using a merged photon-ion beam apparatus. Our recent investigation allowed the first absolute cross-section measurement of the 2s2p(2) P-4 Feshbach resonance by way of a resonant simultaneous double Auger decay of unprecedented strength. In addition, higher resolution absolute cross-section measurements of triply excited resonances giving rise to hollow He- ion allowed a more stringent comparison with four different calculations. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. EM berrah@wmich.edu RI Bozek, John/E-4689-2010; Bozek, John/E-9260-2010; OI Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238; Bilodeau, Rene/0000-0001-8607-2328 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 EI 1873-2526 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 144 SI SI BP 19 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2005.01.066 PG 3 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 933TZ UT WOS:000229657100005 ER PT J AU Hemmers, O Guillemin, R Wolska, A Lindle, DW Rolles, D Cheng, KT Johnson, WR Zhou, HL Manson, ST AF Hemmers, O Guillemin, R Wolska, A Lindle, DW Rolles, D Cheng, KT Johnson, WR Zhou, HL Manson, ST TI Non-dipole effects in Xe 4d photoernission SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA DE photoionization; atoms; non-dipolar electron angular distributions; valence shells ID RANDOM-PHASE APPROXIMATION; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; ATOMS AB We measured the non-dipole parameters for the spin-orbit doublets Xe 4d(5/2) and Xe 4d(3/2) over a photon-energy range from 100 to 250 eV at beamline 8.0.1.3 of the Advanced Light Source at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Significant non-dipole effects are found at relatively low energies as a result of Cooper minima in dipole channels and interchannel coupling in quadrupole channels. Most importantly, sharp disagreement between experiment and theory, when otherwise excellent agreement was expected, has provided the first evidence of satellite two-electron quadrupole photoionization transitions, along with their crucial importance for a quantitatively accurate theory. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Hemmers, O (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM hemmers@unlv.nevada.edu RI Rolles, Daniel/C-2384-2008; Wolska, Anna/A-5818-2012 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 144 SI SI BP 51 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2005.01.026 PG 2 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 933TZ UT WOS:000229657100013 ER PT J AU Schlachter, AS Scully, SWJ Phaneuf, RA Emmons, ED Aguilar, A Leitner, D Lubell, MS Covington, AM Puettner, R Mueller, A Halka, M Levin, JC McLaughlin, BM AF Schlachter, AS Scully, SWJ Phaneuf, RA Emmons, ED Aguilar, A Leitner, D Lubell, MS Covington, AM Puettner, R Mueller, A Halka, M Levin, JC McLaughlin, BM TI K-shell photoionization of C2+ ions: experiment and theory SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA DE K-shell; photoionization; C2+ ions AB Cross-sections for inner-shell photoionization processes in beryllium-like carbon ions are determined both theoretically and experimentally for photon impact energies in the region of the carbon K edge. Measurements of absolute cross-sections, resonance energies, and life-time/linewidths measured using the merged-beam technique at the Advanced Light Source are in good agreement with R-matrix calculations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. Free Univ Berlin, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. Univ Giessen, Inst Atom & Mol Phys, Giessen, Germany. Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Prescott, AZ USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. Queens Univ Belfast, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Schlachter, AS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM fsschlachter@lbl.gov RI Muller, Alfred/A-3548-2009 OI Muller, Alfred/0000-0002-0030-6929 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 144 SI SI BP 53 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2005.01.291 PG 2 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 933TZ UT WOS:000229657100014 ER PT J AU Wehlitz, R Colgan, J Martinez, MM Bluett, JB Lukic, D Whitfield, SB AF Wehlitz, R Colgan, J Martinez, MM Bluett, JB Lukic, D Whitfield, SB TI Double photoionization processes in lithium SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA DE double photoionization; lithium; TDCC calculation ID TRIPLE PHOTOIONIZATION; HELIUM; SINGLE AB We have derived, from the measured double-to-single photoionization ratio of lithium, the double-photoionization cross-section for photon energies from the second double-ionization threshold (172.8 eV) up to 450 eV. Using a simple model to account for the different double-photoionization processes leading to a doubly charged Li ion, we compare the corresponding cross-sections with new time-dependent close-coupling calculations and find fairly good agreement. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Synchrotron Radiat, Stoughton, WI 53589 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Inst Phys, Belgrade 11001, Serbia Monteneg. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys & Astron, Eau Claire, WI 54702 USA. RP Wehlitz, R (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Synchrotron Radiat, 3731 Schneider Dr, Stoughton, WI 53589 USA. EM wehlitz@src.wsic.edu RI Lukic, Dragan/F-8896-2010; OI Lukic, Dragan/0000-0003-2257-3742; Colgan, James/0000-0003-1045-3858 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 144 SI SI BP 59 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2005.01.285 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 933TZ UT WOS:000229657100016 ER PT J AU Campbell, L Brunger, MJ Teubner, PJO Cartwright, DC AF Campbell, L Brunger, MJ Teubner, PJO Cartwright, DC TI Prediction of electron-driven VUV emission in the earth's atmosphere SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA DE electron; impact; VUV; aurora; dayglow ID CROSS-SECTIONS; NITROGEN; IMPACT; N-2; RESOLUTION; STATES; SPECTROSCOPY AB Electron impact in the upper atmosphere produces excited states of atoms and molecules, which can radiatively decay to produce characteristic photo emission features in both aurora and dayglow. Statistical equilibrium calculations which incorporate electron cross sections, electron energy spectra, radiative transitions, predissociation and quenching, can predict both the populations of the excited states and the associated photon emission spectra. Results from such a model are used here to predict particular cases of rocket and satellite measurements of N-2 VUV auroral and dayglow emissions. Although some approximations are required due to the absence of basic atomic data, reasonable agreement is found for most predicted emissions, with some exceptions being attributable to reabsorption in the atmosphere. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Chem Phys & Earth Sci, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Campbell, L (reprint author), Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Chem Phys & Earth Sci, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. EM laurence.campbell@flinders.edu.au OI Campbell, Laurence/0000-0003-0728-554X NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 144 SI SI BP 119 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2005.01.234 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 933TZ UT WOS:000229657100029 ER PT J AU Hemmers, O Guillemin, R Rolles, D Wolska, A Lindle, DW Kanter, EP Krassig, B Southworth, SH Wehlitz, R Langhoff, PW McKoy, V Zimmermann, B AF Hemmers, O Guillemin, R Rolles, D Wolska, A Lindle, DW Kanter, EP Krassig, B Southworth, SH Wehlitz, R Langhoff, PW McKoy, V Zimmermann, B TI Nondipole effects in molecular nitrogen valence shell photoionization SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA DE photoionization; molecules; nondipolar electron angular distributions; valence shells ID PHOTOELECTRON ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; N-2; CO AB Nondipole photoelectron parameters have been obtained experimentally for the outer-valence 3 sigma(g), 1 pi(u) and 2 sigma(u) shells in molecular nitrogen from threshold to similar to 200eV photon energy. Significant nondipole effects are observed even in the immediate threshold regions of these valence-shell distributions. The results of preliminary calculations for the 3 sigma(g) and 2 sigma(u) clarify the origins of the observed features in terms of contributing molecular symmetry channels. Theory and experiment are in excellent accord, suggesting that the large nondipole effects previously observed in atoms and the K-shells of molecules can also appear at low photon energies in the outer-valence shells of molecules. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Synchrotron Radiat, Stoughton, WI 53589 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Supercomp Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. CALTECH, AA Noyes Lab Chem Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, D-01189 Dresden, Germany. RP Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM hemmers@unlv.nevada.edu RI Rolles, Daniel/C-2384-2008; Wolska, Anna/A-5818-2012 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 EI 1873-2526 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 144 SI SI BP 155 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2005.01.246 PG 2 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 933TZ UT WOS:000229657100038 ER PT J AU Lago, AF Santos, ACF Stolte, WC Schlachter, AS de Souza, GGB AF Lago, AF Santos, ACF Stolte, WC Schlachter, AS de Souza, GGB TI Ionic fragmentation of deep core-level (Clls) excited chloroform molecule SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA DE chloroform; ionic fragmentation; inner shell; synchrotron radiation ID CHLORINE K EDGE; HCL; PHOTOFRAGMENTATION; PHOTOEXCITATION; DISSOCIATION; IONIZATION; SPECTRA AB The ionic fragmentation of the chloroform (CHCl3) molecule has been studied along the Cl Is edge, using synchrotron radiation and a magnetic mass spectrometer. The following cations were observed: Cl+, Cl2+, CCl+, CCl2+, CHCl+, Cl3+, H+ and C+. While all ions are seen to be formed at the intense resonance which dominates the photoabsorption spectrum below the chlorine Is edge (taken to occur at 2828.6 eV), the probability of observation of the CHCl+, C+ and Cl3+ cations is seen to significantly decrease above the ionization edge. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Quim, BR-21949900 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP de Souza, GGB (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Quim, BR-21949900 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. EM gerson@iq.ufrj.br RI santos, antonio/G-2033-2010; Optica e Eletronica, Laboratorio/A-8669-2014; Lago, Alexsandre/C-5890-2017 OI santos, antonio/0000-0001-7402-6594; Lago, Alexsandre/0000-0001-6810-420X NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 144 SI SI BP 161 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2005.01.039 PG 3 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 933TZ UT WOS:000229657100040 ER EF