FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Soderstrom, J Grasjo, J Kashtanov, S Bergstrom, C Agaker, M Schmitt, T Augustsson, A Duda, L Guo, JH Nordgren, J Luo, Y Artursson, P Rubensson, JE AF Soderstrom, J Grasjo, J Kashtanov, S Bergstrom, C Agaker, M Schmitt, T Augustsson, A Duda, L Guo, JH Nordgren, J Luo, Y Artursson, P Rubensson, JE TI X-ray yield and selectively excited X-ray emission spectra of atenolol and nadolol SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA DE X-ray emission; X-ray yield; selective excitation; solubility; medical drugs AB A pre-study in a project aimed at increasing the understanding of drug solubility by applying X-ray spectroscopy to substances in solid phases, in aqueous solution, and in gas-phase is presented. Influence of the molecular surrounding on the local electronic structure is reflected in X-ray yield fine structure, and in site-selectively excited X-ray emission spectra. Results for atenolol and nadolol in solid form are discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Dept Pharm, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden. AlbaNova Univ Centrum, Royal Inst Technol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Soderstrom, J (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, POB 530, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. EM johan.soderstrom@fysik.uu.se RI Schmitt, Thorsten/A-7025-2010; Luo, Yi/B-1449-2009; Soderstrom, Johan/B-1248-2011; OI Luo, Yi/0000-0003-0007-0394; Soderstrom, Johan/0000-0002-9647-0394; Bergstrom, Christel/0000-0002-8917-2612; Augustsson, Andreas/0000-0002-9463-3700 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 144 SI SI BP 283 EP 285 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2005.01.228 PG 3 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 933TZ UT WOS:000229657100068 ER PT J AU Guo, JH Augustsson, A Kashtanov, S Spangberg, D Nordgren, J Hermansson, K Luo, Y Augustsson, A AF Guo, JH Augustsson, A Kashtanov, S Spangberg, D Nordgren, J Hermansson, K Luo, Y Augustsson, A TI The interaction of cations and liquid water studied by resonant soft-X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA DE X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy; ion solvation; liquid water AB We report the soft-X-ray absorption and emission studies of NaCl, MgCl2, and AlCl3 in water solutions. The influences of cations on the water molecular structure can be seen as the absorption threshold edge shifted to high energy in the X-ray absorption spectra; the mixing of molecular orbital in 3a(1) symmetry is reinforced as the intensity of 3a(1) is further reduced; and the 1b(1)-emission peak shows the broadening and shift differently for Na+, Mg2+, and Al3+ water solutions, which indicates that the charge difference of the cations may not be the only playing role being responsible to the interactions between the cations and water molecules. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA USA. Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Royal Inst Technol, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Dept Chem Mat, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA USA. EM luo@kth.se RI Luo, Yi/B-1449-2009; OI Luo, Yi/0000-0003-0007-0394; Augustsson, Andreas/0000-0002-9463-3700 NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 EI 1873-2526 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 144 SI SI BP 287 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2005.01.239 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 933TZ UT WOS:000229657100069 ER PT J AU Dong, CL Augustsson, A Chen, CL Chang, CL Chen, YY Guo, JH AF Dong, CL Augustsson, A Chen, CL Chang, CL Chen, YY Guo, JH TI Electronic structure and valence state of CeAl2 from X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA DE x-ray absorption; x-ray emission ID CHARGE-TRANSFER; RESONANT PHOTOEMISSION; 3D; METAL; GD; CE AB Soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) have been performed on CeAl2 bulk and nanoparticles of 8 nm to study the quantum size effect of this heavy-fermion compound. XAS and RIXS spectra recorded at selected photon energies, reflect the local unoccupied and occupied electronic states. These spectral shape changes are attributed to surface effects originated from the reducing particle size, which gives rise to different hybridization between the 4f orbitals and conduction band. The Ce in nanoparticles exhibits mixed valencies with a small portion of tetravalent Ce in contrast to the mostly trivalent Ce observed in the bulk CeAl2. RIXS spectra show a strong dependence on the excitation energies. The experimental results suggest the different f-electron configurations for bulk and nanoparticle CeAl2. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tamkang Univ, Dept Phys, Tamsui 251, Taiwan. Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Guo, JH (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jguo@lbl.gov RI Chen, Chi Liang/F-4649-2012; OI Chang, Ching-Lin/0000-0001-8547-371X; Augustsson, Andreas/0000-0002-9463-3700 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 144 SI SI BP 581 EP 584 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2005.01.177 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 933TZ UT WOS:000229657100139 ER PT J AU Kucheyev, SO Baumann, TF Wang, YM van Buuren, T Satcher, JH AF Kucheyev, SO Baumann, TF Wang, YM van Buuren, T Satcher, JH TI Synthesis and electronic structure of low-density monoliths of nanoporous nanocrystalline anatase TiO2 SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA DE aerogels; anatase titania; X-ray absorption; electronic structure; TiO2 nanoparticles ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; NANOPARTICLES; SPECTROSCOPY; TITANIA; RUTILE; SIZE AB Monolithic nanocrystalline anatase titania aerogels are synthesized by the epoxide sol-gel method followed by thermal annealing at 550 degrees C. These aerogels are formed by similar to 10-20 nm size anatase nanoparticles which are randomly oriented and interconnected into an open-cell solid network. Aerogel monoliths have an apparent density of similar to 10% and a surface area of similar to 100 m(2) g(-1). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and soft X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy reveal good crystallinity of the anatase nanoparticles forming the aerogel skeleton. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kucheyev, SO (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kucheyev@llnl.gov RI Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/F-2249-2010 OI Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/0000-0002-7161-2034 NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 144 SI SI BP 609 EP 612 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2005.01.157 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 933TZ UT WOS:000229657100146 ER PT J AU Muramatsu, Y Yamamoto, T Denlinger, JD Perera, RCC AF Muramatsu, Y Yamamoto, T Denlinger, JD Perera, RCC TI Soft X-ray emission spectra of argon atoms doped in solid matrices SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA DE argon; X-ray emission; soft X-ray; synchrotron radiation ID ALUMINUM; PRECIPITATION; BUBBLES; XENON AB Soft X-ray emission spectra in the Ar L region of various solid substrates doped with Ar atoms were measured to investigate the chemical states of the Ar atoms in the solid matrices. Ar ions were implanted into the solid matrices of Si(111), SiO2, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), Ti, Cr, Ni, and Cu with an acceleration voltage of 5 kV at room temperature. Soft X-ray emission spectra in the Ar L region were measured using synchrotron radiation. Low-energy tailing was observed at the L-3-M-1 and L-2-M-1 X-ray emission peaks in Ar-doped transition metals. The density of states (DOS) of the Ar 3s orbitals indicated that the low-energy tailed DOS can be formed by hybridization with 3d orbitals in the overpressurized Ar clusters. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 JAERI, Kansai Res Estab, Sayo, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Fac Engn, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Muramatsu, Y (reprint author), JAERI, Kansai Res Estab, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. EM murama@spring8.or.jp NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 144 SI SI BP 799 EP 802 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2005.01.265 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 933TZ UT WOS:000229657100188 ER PT J AU Kim, PSG Naftel, SJ Sham, TK Coulthard, I Hu, YF Moewes, A Freeland, JW AF Kim, PSG Naftel, SJ Sham, TK Coulthard, I Hu, YF Moewes, A Freeland, JW TI Photon-in photon-out studies of Alq(3) (tris-aluminum-8-hydroxyquinolinate): Synchrotron light excited optical luminescence and X-ray emission SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA DE organic light emitting device (OLED); X-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL); X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES); Alq(3) (tris-aluminum-8-hydroxyquinolinate); synchrotron light ID ALUMINUM; DIODES AB Photoluminescence from Alq(3) (tris-aluminum-8-hydroxyquinolinate) excited with synchrotron light in both the UV (5-20 eV) and the soft X-ray (Al K-edge) region are reported and are compared with results with excitation at the K-edge energies of C, N and O. X-ray emission excited with photon energy above the carbon and the nitrogen K-edge are also reported. It is found that the luminescence is sensitive to the excitation channel and can be interpreted in terms of the C and N K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structures (XANES) and X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) results as well as a recent theoretical calculation. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Western Ontario, Dept Chem, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. Univ Saskatchewan, Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Phys, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sham, TK (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Chem, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. EM tsham@uwo.ca NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 144 SI SI BP 901 EP 904 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2005.01.242 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 933TZ UT WOS:000229657100213 ER PT J AU Quilty, JW Son, JY Mizokawa, I Asakura, D Motoyama, N Uchida, S Kimura, T Tokura, Y AF Quilty, JW Son, JY Mizokawa, I Asakura, D Motoyama, N Uchida, S Kimura, T Tokura, Y TI Photoemission measurements of transition-metal oxides under laser illumination SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA DE x-ray photoemission; photoexcitation; Sr14-xCaxCu24O41; La(2-2x)Sr1(+2x)Mn(2)O(7) ID LASR2MN2O7 AB The effects of photoexcitation on Sr14-xCaxCu24O41 and La2-2xSr1+2xMn2O7 single crystals were measured via X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Changes observed in the Sr14-xCaxCu24O41 Cu 2p core-level line shape indicate that the cleaved surface is surprisingly unstable under vacuum and that changes in the surface stoichiometry are easily obtained with laser ablation. In La2-2xSr1+2xMn2O7, the O 1s core-level peak binding energy irreversibly increases upon optical excitation. The magnitude of the increase depends on the sample hole doping and is observed to be largest in a x = 0.5 sample, where phase competition between electronic ordered states is strongest. It appears that the photoinduced electronic structural change is permanent due to stabilization by strong electron-lattice coupling. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tokyo, Dept Complex Sci & Engn, Tokyo 2778561, Japan. Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1578572, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. EM Quilty@wyvern.phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Tokura, Yoshinori/C-7352-2009 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 144 SI SI BP 909 EP 912 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2005.01.155 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 933TZ UT WOS:000229657100215 ER PT J AU Tran, CQ Peele, AG Paterson, D Roberts, A McNulty, I Nugent, KA AF Tran, CQ Peele, AG Paterson, D Roberts, A McNulty, I Nugent, KA TI Phase space density measurement of interfering X-rays SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA DE phase space density distribution; X-rays coherence; Young's slits ID SPATIAL COHERENCE; DIFFRACTION AB We report a reconstruction of the phase space distribution of an X-ray beam after it has passed through a set of Young's slits. The resulting interference pattern has a quasi-probability distribution that has negative regions that do not have a classical interpretation. We experimentally reconstruct and observe these negative parts of the phase space distribution. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Nugent, KA (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM keithan@unimelb.edu.au RI Roberts, Ann/C-3418-2011; Nugent, Keith/J-2699-2012; Tran, Chanh/M-7868-2015; Nugent, Keith/I-4154-2016 OI Roberts, Ann/0000-0003-4295-9730; Nugent, Keith/0000-0003-1522-8991; Nugent, Keith/0000-0002-4281-3478 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 144 SI SI BP 947 EP 951 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2005.01.230 PG 5 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 933TZ UT WOS:000229657100224 ER PT J AU Takenaka, H Ichimaru, S Gullikson, EM AF Takenaka, H Ichimaru, S Gullikson, EM TI EUV beam splitter for use in the wavelength region around 6 nm SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA DE EUV; multilayer; beam splitter; free-standing ID SOFT-X-RAY AB Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) beam splitters for use at a wavelength of around 6 nm were fabricated. The designs were optimized for Cr/C multilayers and incident angles of 45 degrees and 80 degrees. Measurements revealed the reflectivity of a Cr/C beam splitter to be 3.3% and the transmittance to be 5.6% at a wavelength of 6.36 nm and an incident angle of 45 degrees. The reflectivity of a Cr/C beam splitter was 5.8% and the transmittance was 6.6% at a wavelength of 6.15 nm and an incident angle of 80 degrees. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NTT Adv Technol Co, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191193, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Takenaka, H (reprint author), NTT Adv Technol Co, 162 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191193, Japan. EM takenaka@ibaraki.ntt-at.co.jp NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 144 SI SI BP 1043 EP 1045 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2005.01.293 PG 3 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 933TZ UT WOS:000229657100245 ER PT J AU Takenaka, H Ichimaru, S Ohchi, T Gullikson, EM AF Takenaka, H Ichimaru, S Ohchi, T Gullikson, EM TI Soft-X-ray reflectivity and heat resistance of SiC/Mg multilayer SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA DE soft-x-ray reflectivity; multilayer mirror AB SiC/Mg multilayer mirrors were fabricated by magnetron sputtering for use in extreme ultraviolet photoelectron microscopy, applications of soft X-rays with high-order harmonics, astronomy and other applications for the wavelength region around 30 nm. They were found to have a peak reflectivity of over 40% at a wavelength of 30 nm and near normal incidence. The reflectivity remained constant up to a temperature of 300 degrees C after annealing for 1 h in an Ar atmosphere. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NTT Adv Technol Co, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191193, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Takenaka, H (reprint author), NTT Adv Technol Co, 162 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191193, Japan. EM takenaka@ibaraki.ntt-at.co.jp NR 8 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 144 SI SI BP 1047 EP 1049 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2005.01.227 PG 3 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 933TZ UT WOS:000229657100246 ER PT J AU Lerotic, M Jacobsen, C Gillow, JB Francis, AJ Wirick, S Vogt, S Maser, J AF Lerotic, M Jacobsen, C Gillow, JB Francis, AJ Wirick, S Vogt, S Maser, J TI Cluster analysis in soft X-ray spectromicroscopy: Finding the patterns in complex specimens SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA DE X-ray microscopy; X-ray spectromicroscopy; principal component analysis; cluster analysis ID XANES; SPECTROSCOPY AB Soft X-ray spectromicroscopy provides spectral data on the chemical speciation of light elements at sub-100 nanometer spatial resolution. If all chemical species in a specimen are known and separately characterized, existing approaches can be used to measure the concentration of each component at each pixel. In other situations such as in biology or environmental science, this approach may not be possible. We have previously described [M. Lerotic, C. Jacobsen, T. Schafer, S. Vogt, Ultramicroscopy 100 (1-2) (2004) 35] the use of principle component analysis (PCA) to orthogonalize and noise-filter spectromicroscopy data, and cluster analysis (CA) to classify the analyzed data and obtain thickness maps of representative spectra. We describe here an extension of that work employing an angle distance measure; this measure provides better classification based on spectral signatures alone in specimens with significant thickness variations. The method is illustrated using simulated data, and also to examine sporulation in the bacterium Clostridium sp. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lerotic, M (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM lerotic@xray1.physics.sunysb.edu RI Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013; Jacobsen, Chris/E-2827-2015; Vogt, Stefan/B-9547-2009; Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013 OI Jacobsen, Chris/0000-0001-8562-0353; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513 NR 12 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 144 SI SI BP 1137 EP 1143 DI 10.1016/j.elpspec.2005.01.158 PG 7 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 933TZ UT WOS:000229657100266 ER PT J AU Peele, AG Mancuso, AP Tran, CQ Paterson, D McNulty, I Hayes, JP Nugent, KA AF Peele, AG Mancuso, AP Tran, CQ Paterson, D McNulty, I Hayes, JP Nugent, KA TI Phase retrieval from coherent soft X-ray optics SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA DE X-ray phase imaging; singular optics; X-ray phase vortex AB We have recently probed the coherence of soft X-ray flux from a third generation synchrotron source [D. Paterson, B.E. Allman, PT McMahon, J. Lin, N. Moldovan, K.A. Nugent, I. McNulty, C.T. Chantler, C.C. Retsch, T.H.K. Irving, D.C. Mancini, Opt. Commun. 195 (2001) 79; C.Q. Tran, A.G. Peele, D. Paterson, A. Roberts, I. McNulty, K.A. Nugent, Opt. Lett. 30 (2005) 204.]. The 1-2keV radiation exhibits transverse coherence lengths of 60 mu m, which means that coherent optical effects may be observed in reasonably sized objects. We present experimental results demonstrating the creation of a phase singularity in a synchrotron beam by passing the beam through a phase mask at similarly low X-ray energies. This complements our earlier work at higher energies and demonstrates that we can now produce phase singularities across a range of energies where we have tested certain intensity-based phase recovery methods. These methods fail when the field contains phase singularities. We describe the X-ray optical vortex and outline its use as a pathological test object for phase retrieval methods. We also present recent progress towards overcoming the problem of phase retrieval in singular optics. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 La Trobe Univ, Dept Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3086, Australia. Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Swinburne Univ Technol, Ind Res Inst Swinburne, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. RP Peele, AG (reprint author), La Trobe Univ, Dept Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3086, Australia. EM peele@latrobe.edu.au RI Nugent, Keith/J-2699-2012; Tran, Chanh/M-7868-2015; Nugent, Keith/I-4154-2016 OI Nugent, Keith/0000-0003-1522-8991; Nugent, Keith/0000-0002-4281-3478 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 144 SI SI BP 1171 EP 1173 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2005.01.065 PG 3 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 933TZ UT WOS:000229657100272 ER PT J AU Carini, GA Camarda, GS Zhong, Z Siddons, DP Bolotnikov, AE Wright, GW Barber, B Arnone, C James, RB AF Carini, GA Camarda, GS Zhong, Z Siddons, DP Bolotnikov, AE Wright, GW Barber, B Arnone, C James, RB TI High-energy X-ray diffraction and topography investigation of CdZnTe SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Workshop on Physics and Chemistry of 2-4 Materials CY OCT 05-07, 2004 CL Chicago, IL SP USA CECOM Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorates, USA Res Lab, USA SMDC, USA Navy Elect Opt Ctr, Penn State Appl Res Lab, Off Naval Res, AF Res Lab, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Amer Phys Soc DE high-energy x-ray diffraction; rocking curve; topography; CZT; crystal quality; detectors characterization ID ASYMMETRIC LAUE CRYSTALS; DETECTORS AB High-energy transmission x-ray diffraction techniques have been applied to investigate the crystal quality of CdZnTe (CZT). CdZnTe has shown excellent performance in hard x-ray and gamma detection; unfortunately, bulk nonuniformities still limit spectroscopic properties of CZT detectors. Collimated high-energy x-rays, produced by a superconducting wiggler at the National Synchrotron Light Source's X17B1 beamline, allow for a nondestructive characterization of thick CZT samples (2-3 mm). In order to have complete information about the defect distribution and strains in the crystals, two series of experiments have been performed. First, a monochromatic 67 keV x-ray beam with the size of 300 X 300 mu m(2) was used to measure the rocking curves of CZT crystals supplied by different material growers. A raster scan of a few square centimeter area allowed us to measure the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) and shift in the peak position across the crystal. The rocking curve peak position and its FWHM can be correlated with local stoichiometry variations and other local defects. Typically, the FWHM values ranging from 8.3 arcsec to 14.7 arcsec were measured with the best crystal used in these measurements. Second, transmission white beam x-ray topography (WBXT) was performed by using a 22 mm X 200 mu m beam in the energy range of 50 keV to 200 keV. These types of measurements allowed for large area, high-resolution (50 mu m) scans of the samples. Usually, this technique is used to visualize growth and process-induced defects, such as dislocations, twins, domains, inclusions, etc. the difference in contrast shows different parts of the crystal that could not be shown otherwise. In topography, good contrast is indicative of a high quality of the sample, while blurred gray shows the presence of defects. Correlation with other techniques (e.g., infrared (IR) mapping and gamma mapping) was also attempted. Our characterization techniques, which use highly penetrating x-rays, are valid for in-situ measurements, even after electrical contacts have been formed on the crystal in a working device. Thus, these studies may lead to understanding the effects of the defects on the device performance and ultimately to improving the quality of CZT material required for device fabrication. It is important to study crystals from different ingot positions (bottom, center, and top); consequently, more systematic studies involving scans from center to border are planned. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Palermo, Dept Elect Engn, I-90128 Palermo, Italy. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Carini, GA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM carini@bnl.gov NR 17 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 34 IS 6 BP 804 EP 810 DI 10.1007/s11664-005-0024-6 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 939WK UT WOS:000230103100024 ER PT J AU Berry, GD Aceves, SM AF Berry, GD Aceves, SM TI The case for hydrogen in a carbon constrained world SO JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Editorial Material ID ECONOMY C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Berry, GD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-644, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM Saceves@llnl.gov RI aceves, salvador/G-9052-2011 OI aceves, salvador/0000-0001-5687-7256 NR 20 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0195-0738 J9 J ENERG RESOUR-ASME JI J. Energy Resour. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD JUN PY 2005 VL 127 IS 2 BP 89 EP 94 DI 10.1115/1.1924566 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 935WM UT WOS:000229814100001 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Guerrero, A Aceves, SM Cabrera-Ruiz, E Romero-Mendez, R AF Hernandez-Guerrero, A Aceves, SM Cabrera-Ruiz, E Romero-Mendez, R TI Effect of cell geometry on the freezing and melting processes inside a thermal energy storage cell SO JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID HEAT-TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT; PHASE-CHANGE MATERIALS; LATENT-HEAT; SYSTEMS; THERMODYNAMICS; SOLIDIFICATION; PERFORMANCE; CONVECTION; TUBE AB This paper presents an analysis of the charge and discharge processes in a latent thermal energy storage cell. An individual cell is analyzed to study how its behavior affects the performance of a thermal energy storage system. The analysis considers the exchange of thermal energy between a thermal energy storage cell and a source or sink of thermal energy. Two cases are considered, (i) a process in which the phase change material melts and freezes when a constant and uniform temperature is imposed at the lower surface of the cell, and (ii) a process in which the phase change material melts and freezes when a fluid with a constant inlet temperature flows under the cell. The effect of the aspect ratio of the energy storage cell is analyzed in detail as a possible method to enhance heat transfer and improve performance of the thermal energy storage system. The results include, for different aspect ratios of the storage cell, the evolution of the solid-liquid interface, the rates of melting and solidification, the rate of energy storage and the total amount of energy storage. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Guanajuato, Fac Ingn, Salamanca 36730, GTO, Mexico. Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, FI, CIEP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico. RP Hernandez-Guerrero, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM abelh@salamanca.ugto.mx; saceves@llnl.gov; rromerom@uaslp.mx RI aceves, salvador/G-9052-2011; Romero-Mendez, Ricardo/K-7440-2014 OI aceves, salvador/0000-0001-5687-7256; Romero-Mendez, Ricardo/0000-0002-8182-7469 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0195-0738 J9 J ENERG RESOUR-ASME JI J. Energy Resour. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD JUN PY 2005 VL 127 IS 2 BP 95 EP 102 DI 10.1115/1.1789517 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 935WM UT WOS:000229814100002 ER PT J AU Zhou, P He, JH Qian, Y AF Zhou, P He, JH Qian, Y TI Influence of hydrodynamics on the performance of a biofilm airlift suspension reactor SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID FLUIDIZED-BED REACTOR; WASTE-WATER; PHENOL DEGRADATION; LIQUID CIRCULATION; MIXING BEHAVIOR; BIOREACTOR; 3-PHASE; DETACHMENT; MODEL AB Five biofilm airlift suspension (BAS) reactors filled with ceramic materials as biocarriers were used to investigate the hydrodynamics, liquid mixing, and biofilm detachment kinetics in the BAS reactor. A mathematical model was developed to describe the internal liquid circulation within the BAS reactor. The Froude number was introduced to correlate the relationship between the Froude number and superficial gas velocity at different biocarrier concentrations. The validity of the empirical model was verified over a wide range of experimental conditions and the result shows that the internal liquid circulation velocity was proportional to the square root of the reactor height and the superficial gas velocity. Because the internal liquid circulation flow rate was much larger than influent flow rate, the BAS reactor had a strong capacity to resist shock loading caused by the change in influent organic matter concentration. Shock loading resistance increased with the height of a BAS reactor. Although biofilm detachment was a very complicated process which involved many mechanisms, dimensional analysis was employed to successfully analyze the biofilm detachment kinetics. It was found that the biofilm detachment rate was proportional to the first power of the superficial gas velocity and biofilm thickness, and to the 2/3 power of the number of biocarriers in the reactor, respectively. Use of the Froude number and dimensional analysis provide an effective and accurate method to study the characteristics of the BAS reactor. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Zhou, P (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, POB 2008,MS 6036, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zhoup@ornl.gov NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JUN PY 2005 VL 131 IS 6 BP 874 EP 882 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2005)131:6(874) PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 928IC UT WOS:000229263900007 ER PT J AU Heiser, J Sullivan, T Serrato, M AF Heiser, J Sullivan, T Serrato, M TI Long-term verification of cover systems using perfluorocarbon tracers SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT AB The expanded use of caps and cover systems is an important aspect of the U.S. Department of Energy Environmental Management's strategy for restoration and long-term stewardship of sites throughout the complex. However, very little is available in terms of long-term monitoring of covers other than downstream groundwater or surface water monitoring. A novel methodology for verifying and monitoring subsurface barriers and cover systems has been developed. Gaseous perfluorocarbon tracers (PFTs) are injected on one side of the barrier and searched for on the opposite side of the barrier. The capability for leak detection in subsurface barriers using PFTs has been proven at multiple demonstrations. Adaptation of this concept to covers is a necessary step prior to full-scale demonstration. This paper discusses the PFT technology and a successful proof-of-principle test of the PFT technology as a leak detection tool for cover verification and monitoring. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm Res & Technol Div, Environm Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Res & Technol Div, Environm Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Westinghouse Savannah River Co, US Dept Energy, Savannah River Operat Off, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. RP Heiser, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm Res & Technol Div, Environm Sci Dept, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JUN PY 2005 VL 131 IS 6 BP 952 EP 960 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2005)131:6(952) PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 928IC UT WOS:000229263900015 ER PT J AU Place, AR Feng, XJ Steven, CR Fourcade, HM Boore, JL AF Place, AR Feng, XJ Steven, CR Fourcade, HM Boore, JL TI Genetic markers in blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) II. Complete mitochondrial genome sequence and characterization of genetic variation SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Blue Crab Symposium CY JUN 01-05, 2003 CL Williamsburg, VA SP Crustacian Soc DE blue crab; gene rearrangement; long PCR; mitochondrial genome; nucleotide variation; shotgun sequencing ID SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL-RNA; DNA-SEQUENCE; JAPONICUS CRUSTACEA; REARRANGEMENTS; AMPLIFICATION; DECAPODA; DATABASE; INSECTS AB Given the commercial and ecological importance of the dwindling Chesapeake Bay blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) population there is a surprising scarcity of information concerning the molecular ecology of this species. The few studies published to date are based on allozyme data and indicate a single, panmictic population along the Atlantic coast. To address this short-coming we have initiated the development of genetic markers from both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of the blue crab. Here we report the entire nucleotide sequence for the blue crab mitochondrial genome (mtDNA), which is a 16,263 bp in length, circular, and A+T-rich (69.1%). We have identified all of the normal complement of 37 genes (for 13 proteins, 22 tRNAs, and two rRNAs) plus a large (1434 bp), hypervariable putative control region that is 78.2% A+T. Gene order and arrangement is similar to other arthropods (e.g. Artemia) but dramatically different from the hermit crab. which has a unique gene order among arthropods. As in the mtDNA of the swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus. trnH is located between the trnE and trnF genes, rather than at its primitive position upstream of nad5. Genetic variation is matrilineally inherited based on parent/offspring screening for nucleotide variation in the putative control region. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Inst Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. US DOE Joint Genome & Lawrence Berkeley Nat Lab, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Place, AR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Inst Biotechnol, 701 E Pratt St, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. EM place@umbi.umd.edu RI Feng, Xiaojun /K-4365-2012; Place, Allen/F-9267-2013 NR 39 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 319 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 15 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2004.03.024 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 933ZK UT WOS:000229671400003 ER PT J AU Paller, MH Martin, FD Wike, LD Epler, JH AF Paller, MH Martin, FD Wike, LD Epler, JH TI Biological assessment of slope wetlands on the coastal plain of South Carolina SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDEX; LAKES; USA; INVERTEBRATES; ASSEMBLAGES; INTEGRITY; ABUNDANCE; BIOMASS; METRICS; BAY AB Slope wetlands occur where groundwater emerges from hillsides to create shallow pools. These wetlands may be the initial point of contact between biota. and emerging contaminated groundwater. We sampled several slope wetlands on the upper coastal plain of South Carolina that received contaminated groundwater and compared them to undisturbed slope wetlands. All of the wetlands supported a variety of insects, especially midge larvae and other Diptera, annelid worms, and aquatic beetles. Some supported large numbers of mites and copepods, and a few supported salamanders. Most taxa. were tolerant of harsh conditions such as low dissolved oxygen and pH. Assemblage composition varied among wetlands due to differences in hydroperiod and likelihood of being flooded by nearby streams. Also important was the lack of shading in some disturbed wetlands, which permitted the growth of filamentous algae, sphagnum moss, and other plants. Few metrics commonly used for impact assessment differed between disturbed and undisturbed wetlands. High natural variability among slope wetlands and the natural tolerance of many slope wetland organisms may complicate the development of slope wetland multimetric indices, although such indices may be useful for identifying severely impacted wetlands. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Paller, MH (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM michael.paller@srs.gov NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 2 BP 247 EP 262 DI 10.1080/02705060.2005.9664964 PG 16 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 925VU UT WOS:000229082200005 ER PT J AU Willson, JD Winne, CT Fedewa, LA AF Willson, JD Winne, CT Fedewa, LA TI Unveiling escape and capture rates of aquatic snakes and salamanders (Siren spp. and Amphiuma means) in commercial funnel traps SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NERODIA-HARTERI-PAUCIMACULATA; CONCHO WATER-SNAKE; ECOLOGY; POPULATION AB Aquatic funnel trapping with commercially available minnow traps has proven effective for sampling several aquatic snake species. However, the efficacy of this technique for sampling snakes has received little controlled evaluation. We investigated the ability of aquatic snakes to escape from three funnel trap varieties (cylindrical steel, cylindrical plastic, and rectangular collapsible nylon mesh). We found that when intentionally released into traps, the majority (74%) of snakes escaped within 24 hours. Snakes escaped most frequently from collapsible traps, and of the species tested, Seminatrix pygaea escaped most frequently. We found significant differences in capture rates among trap types for S. pygaea, Farancia abacura (both captured most in plastic traps), and Nerodia fasciata (captured most in steel traps). Additionally, as we captured many large aquatic salamanders (Siren spp. and Amphiuma means), we also report trapping efficacies of the funnel traps for these amphibians. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Willson, JD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM willson@srel.edu NR 31 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 2 BP 397 EP 403 DI 10.1080/02705060.2005.9664980 PG 7 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 925VU UT WOS:000229082200021 ER PT J AU Woodruff, S McCollam, KJ Rosenberg, A Smith, D AF Woodruff, S McCollam, KJ Rosenberg, A Smith, D TI Young fusion scientists address the FY06 budget proposal SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article DE fusion budget; senate and house subcommittees; young fusion forum AB The Administration's FY06 budget proposal calls for a large reduction in funding for the domestic fusion energy sciences program. This paper describes the reaction of a group of young fusion scientists to this budget proposal. Included are a description of the federal budgetary agencies and processes, a description of a new forum for young fusion scientists, and a reprint of a letter to select Senate and House leaders from young fusion scientists. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Krell Inst, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Woodruff, S (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Box 352400, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM woodruff7@fusionnow.org NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD JUN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 1-2 BP 7 EP 11 DI 10.1007/s10894-005-6921-0 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 969HA UT WOS:000232224000002 ER PT J AU Baker, C Prager, S Abdou, M Berry, L Betti, R Chan, V Craig, D Dahlburg, J Davidson, R Drake, J Hawryluk, R Hill, D Hubbard, A Logan, G Marmar, E Mauel, M McCarthy, K Parker, S Sauthoff, N Stambaugh, R Ulrickson, M Van Dam, J Wurden, G Zarnstorff, M Zinkle, S AF Baker, C Prager, S Abdou, M Berry, L Betti, R Chan, V Craig, D Dahlburg, J Davidson, R Drake, J Hawryluk, R Hill, D Hubbard, A Logan, G Marmar, E Mauel, M McCarthy, K Parker, S Sauthoff, N Stambaugh, R Ulrickson, M Van Dam, J Wurden, G Zarnstorff, M Zinkle, S TI Scientific challenges, opportunities and priorities for the US fusion energy sciences program SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article DE fusion science; fusion energy; fusion priorities ID TOKAMAK AB In October 2003, Dr. Raymond Orbach, Director of the Department of Energy's Office of Science, issued a charge to the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee (FESAC) "to identify the major science and technology issues that need to be addressed, recommend how to organize campaigns to address these issues, and recommend the priority order for these campaigns." The sections in this report document the results of the Panel's work. The first two sections describe the concepts of the overarching themes, topical scientific questions, and campaigns. The next six sections (Sections 3-8) describe in detail the six scientific campaigns. Section 9 describes some important enabling research activities necessary for the campaigns. Sections 10-12 describe the overarching themes, which provide a crosscutting perspective of the activities in the six campaigns. Finally, the Panel's recommendations are set forth in Section 13. The charge letter to the panel is provided as Appendix A; the FESAC response letter is provided as Appendix D. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Idaho Natl Engn Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Baker, C (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017; OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484; Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915; Mauel, Michael/0000-0003-2490-7478 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD JUN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 114 DI 10.1007/s10894-005-6922-z PG 102 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 969HA UT WOS:000232224000003 ER PT J AU Alishahiha, M Karch, A Silverstein, E AF Alishahiha, M Karch, A Silverstein, E TI Hologravity SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE AdS-CFT; dS-CFT correspondence AB The dS/dS correspondence provides a holographic description of quantum gravity in d dimensional de Sitter space near the horizon of a causal region in a well defined approximation scheme; it is equivalent to the low energy limit of conformal field theory on de Sitter space in d - 1 dimensions coupled to d - 1 dimensional gravity. In this work, we extend the duality to higher energy scales by performing calculations of various basic physical quantities sensitive to the UV region of the geometry near the center of the causal patch. In the regime of energies below the d dimensional Planck scale but above the curvature scale of the geometry, these calculations encode the physics of the d - 1 dimensional matter plus gravity system above the crossover scale where gravitational effects become strong. They exhibit phenomena familiar from studies of two dimensional gravity coupled to conformal field theory, including the cancellation of the total Weyl anomaly in d - 1 dimensions. We also outline how the correspondence can be used to address the issue of observables in de Sitter space, and generalize the correspondence to other space times, such as black holes, inflationary universes, and landscape bubble decays. In the cases with changing cosmological constant, we obtain a dual description in terms of renormalization group flow. C1 Inst Studies Theoret Phys & Math, Tehran, Iran. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Inst Studies Theoret Phys & Math, POB 19395-5531, Tehran, Iran. EM alishah@ipm.ir; karch@phys.washington.edu; evas@stanford.edu NR 32 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 IS 6 AR 028 PG 25 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 944ER UT WOS:000230409600057 ER PT J AU Brown, J Ganguli, S Ganor, OJ Helfgott, C AF Brown, J Ganguli, S Ganor, OJ Helfgott, C TI E-10 orbifolds SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE p-branes; string duality; M-theory ID KAC-MOODY ALGEBRAS; DIMENSIONAL STRING COMPACTIFICATIONS; IWASAWA DECOMPOSITION; DUALITY; MODELS; SYMMETRIES; EQUATIONS; BILLIARDS; DYNAMICS; 5-BRANE AB We study Z(2) orbifolds of M-theory in terms of E-10: We find a simple relation between the Z(2) action on E-10 and the imaginary root that corresponds [hep-th/0401053] to the "twisted sector" branes. We discuss the connection between the Kac-Moody algebra DE10 and the "untwisted" sector, and we demonstrate how DE18 can describe both the untwisted and twisted sectors simultaneously. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Phys, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jbrown@Math.Berkeley.edu; sganguli@socrates.berkeley.edu; origa@socrates.berkeley.edu; helfgott@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 82 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 IS 6 AR 057 PG 51 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 944ER UT WOS:000230409600028 ER PT J AU Grossman, Y Kitano, R Murayama, H AF Grossman, Y Kitano, R Murayama, H TI Natural soft leptogenesis SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE supersymmetry breaking; cosmology of theories beyond the SM; baryogenesis ID DYNAMICAL SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; HEAVY MAJORANA NEUTRINOS; ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENT; CP-VIOLATION; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS; GAUGE-MEDIATION; STANDARD MODEL; BARYOGENESIS; GRAVITINO; UNIFICATION AB Successful soft leptogenesis requires small B-terms for the right-handed sneutrinos and a large CP violating phase between the A- and B-terms. We show that this situation is realized naturally within the framework of gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking. The A- term is dominated by contribution from gauge mediation, while supergravity effects are more important for the B-term. The different origins naturally explain simultaneously the smallness of the B-term and the large CP violating phase. The most stringent bounds on the model come from the cosmological gravitino problem. We find a viable parameter region with very light gravitino m(3/2) less than or similar to 16 eV, providing a consistent framework for supersymmetry phenomenology, soft leptogenesis and cosmology. C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Jefferson Lab Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. EM yuvalg@physics.technion.ac.il; kitano@ias.edu; murayama@hitoshi.berkeley.edu RI Murayama, Hitoshi/A-4286-2011 NR 44 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 IS 6 AR 058 PG 12 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 944ER UT WOS:000230409600027 ER PT J AU Kallosh, R Kashani-Poor, AK Tomasiello, A AF Kallosh, R Kashani-Poor, AK Tomasiello, A TI Counting fermionic zero modes on M5 with fluxes SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE nonperturbative effects; M-theory; superstring vacua ID STRING THEORY; ORIENTIFOLDS AB We study the Dirac equation on an M5 brane wrapped on a divisor in a Calabi-Yau fourfold in the presence of background flux. We reduce the computation of the normal bundle U( 1) anomaly to counting the solutions of a finite-dimensional linear system on cohomology. This system depends on the choice of flux. In an example, we find that the presence of flux changes the anomaly and allows instanton corrections to the superpotential which would otherwise be absent. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM kallosh@stanford.edu; kashani@slac.stanford.edu; tomasiel@stanford.edu RI Tomasiello, Alessandro/J-1326-2014 OI Tomasiello, Alessandro/0000-0002-5772-5729 NR 24 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 IS 6 AR 069 PG 14 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 944ER UT WOS:000230409600016 ER PT J AU Rizzo, TG AF Rizzo, TG TI Collider production of TeV scale black holes and higher-curvature gravity SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE large extra dimensions; black holes; beyond standard model; hadronic colliders ID EXTENDED EINSTEIN EQUATIONS; GAUSS-BONNET TERM; SYMMETRICAL-SOLUTIONS; EXTRA DIMENSIONS; ENTROPY; THERMODYNAMICS; MILLIMETER; HIERARCHY; MODELS; TENSOR AB We examine how the production of TeV scale black holes at colliders is influenced by the presence of Lovelock higher-curvature terms in the action of models with large extra dimensions. Such terms are expected to arise on rather general grounds, e. g., from string theory and are often used in the literature to model modi cations to the Einstein-Hilbert action arising from quantum and/or stringy corrections. While adding the invariant which is quadratic in the curvature leads to quantitative modi cations in black hole properties, cubic and higher invariants are found to produce significant qualitative changes, e. g., classically stable black holes. We use these higher-order curvature terms to construct a toy model of the black hole production cross section threshold. For reasonable parameter values we demonstrate that detailed measurements of the properties of black holes at future colliders will be highly sensitive to the presence of the Lovelock higher-order curvature terms. C1 Stanford Linear Acceleator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Stanford Linear Acceleator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM rizzo@slac.stanford.edu NR 55 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 IS 6 AR 079 PG 22 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 944ER UT WOS:000230409600006 ER PT J AU Kramer, A Djubiantono, T Aziz, F Bogard, JS Weeks, RA Weinand, DC Hames, WE Elam, JM Durband, AC Agus AF Kramer, A Djubiantono, T Aziz, F Bogard, JS Weeks, RA Weinand, DC Hames, WE Elam, JM Durband, AC Agus TI The first hominid fossil recovered from West Java, Indonesia SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION LA English DT Editorial Material DE Homo erectus; incisor; southeast Asia; Pleistocene; electron paramagnetic resonance; EPR; geochronology C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Anthropol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Archaeol Res & Dev Ctr, Jakarta, Indonesia. Quaternary Geol Lab, W Java, Indonesia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Geol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Anthropol, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Kramer, A (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Anthropol, 250 S Stadium Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM akramer@utk.edu NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0047-2484 J9 J HUM EVOL JI J. Hum. Evol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 48 IS 6 BP 661 EP 667 DI 10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.01.005 PG 7 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 935WK UT WOS:000229813900008 PM 16015710 ER PT J AU Paik, J Sotiropoulos, F Sale, MJ AF Paik, J Sotiropoulos, F Sale, MJ TI Numerical simulation of swirling flow in complex hydroturbine draft tube using unsteady statistical turbulence models SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE hydroelectric powerplants; turbines; unsteady flow; turbulence; numerical models. ID BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; VISCOUS FLOWS AB A numerical method is developed for carrying out unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) simulations and detached-eddy simulations (DESs) in complex 3D geometries. The method is applied to simulate incompressible swirling flow in a typical hydroturbine draft tube, which consists of a strongly curved 90 elbow and two piers. The governing equations are solved with a second-order-accurate, finite-volume, dual-time-stepping artificial compressibility approach for a Reynolds number of 1.1 million on a mesh with 1.8 million nodes. The geometrical complexities of the draft tube are handled using domain decomposition with overset (chimera) grids. Numerical simulations show that unsteady statistical turbulence models can capture very complex 3D flow phenomena dominated by geometry-induced, large-scale instabilities and unsteady coherent structures such as the onset of vortex breakdown and the formation of the unsteady rope vortex downstream of the turbine runner. Both URANS and DES appear to yield the general shape and magnitude of mean velocity profiles in reasonable agreement with measurements. Significant discrepancies among the DES and URANS predictions of the turbulence statistics are also observed in the straight downstream diffuser. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Water Resources Grp Leader, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Paik, J (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Sotiropoulos, Fotis/C-2163-2012 NR 25 TC 34 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 12 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD JUN PY 2005 VL 131 IS 6 BP 441 EP 456 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2005)131:6(441) PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 927TK UT WOS:000229223200002 ER PT J AU Maxwell, RM Miller, NL AF Maxwell, RM Miller, NL TI Development of a coupled land surface and groundwater model SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; MIDLATITUDE SOIL-MOISTURE; HYDROLOGIC FLUXES; BIOSPHERE MODEL; PILPS 2(D); SIMULATIONS; PARAMETERIZATION; RUSSIA; RUNOFF; VALDAI AB Traditional land surface models (LSMs) used for numerical weather simulation, climate projection, and as inputs to water management decision support systems. do not treat the LSM lower boundary in a fully process-based fashion. LSMs have evolved from a leaky-bucket approximation to more sophisticated land surface water and energy budget models that typically have a specified bottom layer flux to depict the lowest model layer exchange with deeper aquifers. The LSM lower boundary is often assumed zero flux or the soil moisture content is set to a constant value; an approach that while mass conservative, ignores processes that can alter surface fluxes, runoff, and water quantity and quality. Conversely, groundwater models (GWMs) for saturated and unsaturated water flow, while addressing important features such as subsurface heterogeneity and three-dimensional flow, often have overly simplified upper boundary conditions that ignore soil heating. runoff, snow, and root-zone uptake. In the present study, a state-of-the-art LSM (Common Land Model) and a variably saturated GWM (ParFlow) have been coupled as a single-column model. A set of simulations based on synthetic data and data from the Project for Intercomparison of Land-surface Parameterization Schemes (PILPS), version 2(d), 18-yr dataset from VaIdai, Russia, demonstrate the temporal dynamics of this coupled modeling system. The soil moisture and water table depth simulated by the coupled model agree well with the Valdai observations. Differences in prediction between the coupled and uncoupled models demonstrate the effect of a dynamic water table on simulated watershed flow. Comparison of the coupled model predictions with observations indicates certain cold processes such as frozen soil and freeze/thaw processes have an important impact on predicted water table depth. Comparisons of soil moisture, latent heat, sensible heat. temperature, runoff, and predicted groundwater depth between the uncoupled and coupled models demonstrate the need for improved groundwater representation in land surface schemes. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Maxwell, RM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, L-208,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM maxwell15@llnl.gov RI Miller, Norman/E-6897-2010; Maxwell, Reed/D-7980-2013 OI Maxwell, Reed/0000-0002-1364-4441 NR 39 TC 161 Z9 163 U1 5 U2 73 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 6 IS 3 BP 233 EP 247 DI 10.1175/JHM422.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 943ZB UT WOS:000230393600001 ER PT J AU Boyd, GA AF Boyd, GA TI A method for measuring the efficiency gap between average and best practice energy use - The ENERGY STAR industrial energy performance indicator SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Energy Star Auto Industry Focus Meeting CY AUG, 2004 CL Georgetown, KY SP Census Bureau, Argonne Natl Lab DE energy efficiency; energy intensity; industrial ecology; industrial energy use; plant level; stochastic frontier ID PRODUCTIVITY AB A common feature distinguishing between parametric/statistical models and engineering economics models is that engineering models explicitly represent best practice technologies, whereas parametric/statistical models are typically based on average practice. Measures of energy intensity based on average practice are of little use in corporate management of energy use or for public policy goal setting. In the context of company- or plant-level indicators, it is more useful to have a measure of energy intensity that is capable of indicating where a company or plant lies within a distribution of performance. In other words, is the performance close to (or far from) the industry best practice? This article presents a parametric/statistical approach that can be used to measure best practice, thereby providing a measure of the difference, or "efficiency gap;' at a plant, company, or overall industry level. The approach requires plant-level data and applies a stochastic frontier regression analysis used by the ENERGY STAR (TM) industrial energy performance indicator (EPI) to energy intensity. Stochastic frontier regression analysis separates energy intensity into three components: systematic effects, inefficiency, and statistical (random) error. The article outlines the method and gives examples of EPI analysis conducted for two industries, breweries and motor vehicle assembly. In the EPI developed with the stochastic frontier regression for the auto industry, the industry median "efficiency gap" was around 27%. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Energy Environm & Econ Syst Anal, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Chicago Census Res Data Ctr, Chicago, IL USA. RP Boyd, GA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Energy Environm & Econ Syst Anal, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gboyd@anl.gov NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 12 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN STREET, STE 500, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142-1046 USA SN 1088-1980 J9 J IND ECOL JI J. Ind. Ecol. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 9 IS 3 BP 51 EP 65 DI 10.1162/1088198054821609 PG 15 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 962MY UT WOS:000231738100007 ER PT J AU Kellogg, RA Flatau, A Clark, AE Wun-Fogle, M Lograsso, T AF Kellogg, RA Flatau, A Clark, AE Wun-Fogle, M Lograsso, T TI Quasi-static transduction characterization of Galfenol SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Fe-Ga alloy; Galfenol; magnetostriction; transducer ID MAGNETOSTRICTIVE PROPERTIES; FE-GA; ALLOYS AB The objective of this work is to characterize the magnetoelastic transduction properties of single-crystal and textured polycrystalline Fe-Ga alloys (Galfenol) under controlled mechanical, magnetic, and thermal conditions. Polycrystalline samples of interest include a directionally solidified specimen, which possesses a favorable saturation magnetostriction output, and an extruded specimen, whose magnetostriction properties are significantly reduced by annealing. A brief discussion of the thermally controlled transducer used for the magnetic testing is presented first. Thereafter, the single-crystal response to major-loop cyclic magnetic fields under different temperature and stress conditions, as well as its response to minor-loop cyclic magnetic fields and major-loop cyclic stress are examined. Next, the magnetic and magnetostrictive responses to major-loop cyclic magnetic field conditions are compared for the directionally solidified, extruded, and single-crystal specimens. The paper concludes with a magnetic characterization summary of the different Fe-Ga alloys examined. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kellogg, RA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 6 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 16 IS 6 BP 471 EP 479 DI 10.1177/1045389X05050107 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 926LJ UT WOS:000229124400001 ER PT J AU Ding, YS Lin, KS Logan, J AF Ding, Y. -S. Lin, K. -S. Logan, J. TI RECENT DEVELOPMENT IN NEW GENERATION RADIOTRACERS FOR PET IMAGING OF THE NOREPINEPHRINE TRANSPORTER SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Norepinephrine Transporter; Reboxetine; PET C1 [Ding, Y. -S.; Lin, K. -S.; Logan, J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 48 BP S77 EP S77 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 460TB UT WOS:000267210100074 ER PT J AU Lin, KS Ding, YS Betzel, T Quandt, G AF Lin, K. -S. Ding, Y. -S. Betzel, T. Quandt, G. TI SYNTHESIS AND IN VIVO EVALUATION OF C-11 LABELED MAZINDOL ANALOGS FOR IMAGING THE NOREPINEPHRINE TRANSPORTER WITH PET SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Norepinephrine Transporter; Mazindol; PET C1 [Lin, K. -S.; Ding, Y. -S.; Betzel, T.; Quandt, G.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 48 BP S152 EP S152 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 460TB UT WOS:000267210100149 ER PT J AU Lin, KS Ding, YS AF Lin, K. -S. Ding, Y. -S. TI SYNTHESIS AND C-11 LABELING OF THREE POTENT NOREPINEPHRINE TRANSPORTER SELECTIVE LIGANDS (LORTALAMINE, OXAPROTILINE AND (R)-NISOXETINE) FOR COMPARATIVE PET STUDIES IN BABOONS SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Norepinephrine Transporter; Antidepressant; PET C1 [Lin, K. -S.; Ding, Y. -S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 48 BP S172 EP S172 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 460TB UT WOS:000267210100169 ER PT J AU Logan, J Fowler, JS AF Logan, J. Fowler, J. S. TI MAO A AND B RADIOTRACERS SHOW A REDUCED ARTERIAL PLASMA INPUT FUNCTION, PROLONGED LUNG RETENTION AND REDUCED MAO IN SMOKERS vs NON-SMOKERS SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Lung and Plasma Kinetics; Monoamine Oxidase; Smoker vs Non-Smoker C1 [Logan, J.; Fowler, J. S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 48 BP S61 EP S61 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 460TB UT WOS:000267210100058 ER PT J AU Powell, J Ramsey, CA Miner, R O'Neil, JP AF Powell, J. Ramsey, C. A. Miner, R. O'Neil, J. P. TI MINIMIZING ISOTOPICALLY ENRICHED [N-15]NITROGEN GAS USAGE IN THE PRODUCTION OF O-15 LABELLED WATER SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE [O-15]water; Isotope Production; Isotope Recovery C1 [Powell, J.; Ramsey, C. A.; Miner, R.; O'Neil, J. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Biomed Isotope Facil, DNMFI, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 48 BP S114 EP S114 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 460TB UT WOS:000267210100111 ER PT J AU Studenov, AR Jivan, S Lu, J Adam, MJ Jensen, SB Ding, YS AF Studenov, A. R. Jivan, S. Lu, J. Adam, M. J. Jensen, S. B. Ding, Y. -S. TI ROUTINE RADIOSYNTHESIS OF [C-11]METHYLPHENIDATE: CAN IT BE IMPROVED? SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE [C-11]methylphenidate; Routine Production; Dopamine Transporter C1 [Studenov, A. R.; Jivan, S.; Lu, J.; Adam, M. J.] TRIUMF, PET Grp, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Jensen, S. B.] Aarhus Univ Hosp, PET Ctr, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Ding, Y. -S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 48 SU 1 BP S199 EP S199 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 460TB UT WOS:000267210100196 ER PT J AU Goncharov, AF Crowhurst, JC AF Goncharov, AF Crowhurst, JC TI Raman spectroscopy under extreme conditions SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Cryocrystals and Quantum Crystals (CC 2004) CY AUG 29-SEP 04, 2004 CL Wroclaw, POLAND ID DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL; HIGH-PRESSURE; NITROGEN; NITRIDE; DISSOCIATION; TEMPERATURES; PHASE; GPA AB We report the results of Raman measurements of various materials under simultaneous conditions of high temperature avid high pressure in the diamond anvil cell (DAC). High temperatures are generated by laser heating or internal resistive (ohmic) heating or a combination of both. We present Raman spectra of cubic boron nitride (cBN) to 40 GPa and up to 2300 K that show a continuous Pressure and temperature shift, of the frequency of the transverse optical mode. We have also obtained high-pressure Raman spectra from a new; noble metal nitride, which we synthesized at approximately 50 GPa and 2000 K. We have obtained high-temperature spectra from pure nitrogen to 39 GPa and up to 2000 K, which show the presence of a hot band that has previously been observed in CARS measurements. These data have also allowed us to constrain the melting curve and to examine changes in the intramolecular potential with pressure. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Goncharov, AF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 139 IS 5-6 BP 727 EP 737 DI 10.1007/s10909-005-5484-9 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 934YU UT WOS:000229746300028 ER PT J AU Viswanathan, R Henry, JF Tanzosh, J Stanko, G Shingledecker, J Vitalis, B Purgert, R AF Viswanathan, R Henry, JF Tanzosh, J Stanko, G Shingledecker, J Vitalis, B Purgert, R TI US program on materials technology for ultra-supercritical coal power plants SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Review DE corrosion; creep; efficiency; emissions; fabrication; power plants; stress; welding AB The efficiency of conventional fossil power plants is a strong function of the steam temperature and pressure. Research to increase both has been pursued worldwide, since the energy crisis in the 1970s. The need to reduce CO2 emissions has recently provided an additional incentive to increase efficiency. More recently, interest has also been evinced in advanced combustion technologies utilizing oxygen instead of air for combustion. The main enabling technology in achieving the above goals is the development of stronger high temperature materials. Extensive research-and-development programs have resulted in numerous high-strength alloys for heavy section piping and for tubing needed to build boilers. The study reported on here is aimed at identifying, evaluating, and qualifying the materials needed for the construction of the critical components of coal-fired boilers that are capable of operating with steam at temperatures of 760 degrees C (1400 degrees F) and pressures of 35 MPa (5000 psi). The economic viability of such a plant has been explored. Candidate alloys applicable to various ranges of temperatures have been identified. Stress rupture tests have been completed on the base metal and on welds to a number of alloys. Steamside oxidation tests in an autoclave at 650 degrees C (1200 degrees F) and 800 degrees C (1475 degrees F) have been completed. Fireside corrosion tests have been conducted under conditions simulating those of waterwalls and superheater/reheater tubes. The weldability and fabricability of the alloys have been investigated. The capabilities of various overlay coatings and diffusion coatings have been examined. This article provides a status report on the progress achieved to date on this project. C1 Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. Alstom Power Co, Windsor, CT 06095 USA. McDermott Technol Inc, Babcock & Wilcox Co, Alliance, OH 44601 USA. Foster Wheeler Dev Corp, Livingston, NJ 07039 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Riley Power, Worcester, MA 01615 USA. Energy Ind Ohio Inc, Independence, OH 44131 USA. RP Viswanathan, R (reprint author), Elect Power Res Inst, 3412 Hillview Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. EM RVISWANA@epri.com NR 18 TC 162 Z9 190 U1 6 U2 47 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 14 IS 3 BP 281 EP 292 DI 10.1361/10599490524039 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 937HX UT WOS:000229916300001 ER PT J AU Vianco, P Rejent, J Zender, G Kilgo, A AF Vianco, P Rejent, J Zender, G Kilgo, A TI Kinetics of Pb-rich phase particle coarsening in Sn-Pb solder under isothermal annealing-cooling rate dependence SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TIN-LEAD SOLDER; THERMOMECHANICAL FATIGUE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; JOINTS; DIFFUSION AB The coarsening behavior of the Pb-rich phase particles in 63Sn-37Pb (wt%) solder was investigated following isothermal annealing treatments. Samples were exposed to cooling rates of 0.1, 1.0, 10, and 100 degrees C/min. Annealing temperatures were 25, 55, 70, 85, and 100 degrees C, and times were 2-100 days. The mean particle diameter decreased from 1.8 X 10(-3) to 0.8 X 10(-3) MM with increased cooling rate, indicating two solidification regimes: one for cooling rates <= 1 degrees C/min and the other for cooling rates of >= 10 degrees C/min. The Pb-rich phase particles coarsened more quickly in samples made at the two fastest cooling rates. There was little Pb-rich phase particle coarsening at 25 and 55 degrees C for all annealing times. Coarsening rate kinetics were examined specifically for the 10 and 100 degrees C/min data using the expression At(n)exp[-Delta H/RT]. The values of n were 0.23 +/- 0.11 and 0.36 +/- 0.13, respectively; n was not sensitive to annealing temperature. The corresponding l/n values indicated that the coarsening mechanism changed from a fast diffusion to a bulk diffusion controlled process with a faster cooling rate. The apparent activation energy Delta H ranged from 16 +/- 8 to 41 +/- 8 kJ/mol; the values increased with cooling rate from 10 to 100 degrees C/min. The Delta H value was sensitive to annealing temperature only for the faster cooling rate of 100 degrees C/min. Together, the n and Delta H values indicated that an accelerated, fast diffusion mechanism with low activation barriers characterized the Pb-rich phase coarsening in samples exposed to a slower cooling rate, greater annealing, or a combination of the two conditions. That mechanism likely originated from the in situ development of recover/recrystallization microstructures in the Sn-rich phase. At faster cooling rates, those microstructures were not as well developed, so coarsening was controlled more by the higher activation barriers of bulk diffusion processes. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Vianco, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1563 EP 1573 DI 10.1557/JMR.2005.0198 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 933ZL UT WOS:000229671500027 ER PT J AU Zinin, PV Solozhenko, VL Malkin, AJ Ming, LC AF Zinin, PV Solozhenko, VL Malkin, AJ Ming, LC TI Atomic force microscopy studies of cubic BC2N, a new superhard phase SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID C-N SYSTEM C1 Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Paris 13, CNRS, LPMTM, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Biosecur & Nanosci Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Zinin, PV (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM zinin@soest.hawaii.edu RI Solozhenko, Vladimir/E-1975-2011; Zinin, Pavel/F-9434-2014 OI Zinin, Pavel/0000-0002-5816-8792 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 40 IS 11 BP 3009 EP 3011 DI 10.1007/s10853-005-2385-x PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 936TN UT WOS:000229878400042 ER PT J AU Ayache, J Kisielowski, C Kilaas, R Passerieux, G Lartigue-Korinek, S AF Ayache, J Kisielowski, C Kilaas, R Passerieux, G Lartigue-Korinek, S TI Determination of the atomic structure of a Sigma 13 SrTiO3 grain boundary SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Intergranular and Interface Boundaries CY JUL 25-29, 2004 CL Queens Univ, Belfast, IRELAND SP Atomist Simulat Ctr HO Queens Univ ID RESOLUTION; OXYGEN; STGB AB New elements of a symmetric [001] 67.4 degrees SrTiO3 near Sigma 13 tilt grain boundary are identified by a quantitative analysis of lattice images, reconstructed electron exit waves, and HAADF images. The analysis reveals local, geometrical variations of structural grain boundary units that relate to the presence of defects introduced by a tilt deviation of 0.65 + 0.02 degrees from the perfect Sigma 13 geometry. Sr and TiO columns are discriminated in HAADF images while the reconstructed electron exit wave reveals all oxygen columns in addition. Both methods depict the crystal and boundary structure directly while lattice imaging with a high voltage instrument requires image simulations to link the image intensity to structure. For the first time we observe a Sr column splitting by 90 pm that supports theoretical predictions. An inhomogeneous, preferential etching at the grain boundary is attributed to local charge variations and hampers a quantitative investigation and local stoichiometry. The near Sigma 13 boundary forms a dense and compact structure with chemically identical columns in close proximity. Therefore, it is different from the relaxed, bulk like configurations described in previous reports. (c) 2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. C1 CNRS, IN2P3, CSNSM, F-91405 Orsay, France. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CNRS, CECM, F-94400 Vitry Sur Seine, France. RP Ayache, J (reprint author), CNRS, IN2P3, CSNSM, Batiment 108,Orsay Campus, F-91405 Orsay, France. EM ayache@csnsm.in2p3.fr NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 40 IS 12 BP 3091 EP 3100 DI 10.1007/s10853-005-2669-1 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 938AQ UT WOS:000229972700008 ER PT J AU Johnson, E Steenstrup, S Levinsen, M Prokofjev, V Zhilin, V Dahmen, U AF Johnson, E Steenstrup, S Levinsen, M Prokofjev, V Zhilin, V Dahmen, U TI Brownian motion of liquid lead inclusions along dislocations in aluminum SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Intergranular and Interface Boundaries CY JUL 25-29, 2004 CL Queens Univ, Belfast, IRELAND SP Atomist Simulat Ctr HO Queens Univ ID PB INCLUSIONS; SOLID AL AB Nanosized solid Pb inclusions in Al have fcc structure and perfect cuboctahedral shape. When the inclusions melt they attain a rounded equilibrium shape and due to the low miscibility between the two elements, the liquid inclusions are retained as individual nanosized droplets located inside the solid Al matrix. As the temperature is increased the smaller liquid Pb inclusions are observed to move in a three-dimensional random walk over distances that can be orders of magnitude larger than their size. Inclusions attached to dislocations exhibit a similar type of random walk confined to long-distance one-dimensional movement along the dislocation lines and short-range two-dimensional vibrations perpendicular to the dislocation lines. The diffusion coefficients of the moving inclusions can be obtained from an Einstein-Smoluchowski analysis of the inclusion traces providing input for information on the mechanisms responsible for the movements. (c) 2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. C1 Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Nanosci Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Dept Mat Res, Roskilde, Denmark. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. LBNL, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Johnson, E (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Nanosci Ctr, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM johnson@fys.ku.dk NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 40 IS 12 BP 3115 EP 3119 DI 10.1007/s10853-005-2672-6 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 938AQ UT WOS:000229972700011 ER PT J AU Phillpot, SR Sepliarsky, M Stachiotti, MG Migoni, RL Streiffer, SK AF Phillpot, SR Sepliarsky, M Stachiotti, MG Migoni, RL Streiffer, SK TI Order-disorder behavior in KNbO3 and KNbO3/KTaO3 solid solutions and superlattices by molecular-dynamics simulation SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Intergranular and Interface Boundaries CY JUL 25-29, 2004 CL Queens Univ, Belfast, IRELAND SP Atomist Simulat Ctr HO Queens Univ ID ATOMIC-LEVEL SIMULATION; POLARIZATION ROTATION; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; REVERSAL; CRYSTALS; BATIO3 AB We use molecular-dynamics simulation to examine the order-disorder behavior in pure ferroelectric KNbO(3)and in KNbO3-KTaO3 ferroelectric-paraelectric solid solutions and superlattices. We find that the order-disorder behavior is remarkably robust and plays an important role in both the polarization rotation associated with switching of the perfect crystal and in the dynamical behavior of the solid solutions and superlattices. (c) 2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. UNR, CONICET, Inst Fis Rosario, Rosario, Argentina. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Phillpot, SR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM sphil@mse.ufl.edu RI Streiffer, Stephen/A-1756-2009; Phillpot, Simon/J-9117-2012; OI Phillpot, Simon/0000-0002-7774-6535 NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 40 IS 12 BP 3213 EP 3217 DI 10.1007/s10853-005-2687-z PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 938AQ UT WOS:000229972700026 ER PT J AU Ziegler, A Campbell, GH Kumar, M Stolken, JS AF Ziegler, A Campbell, GH Kumar, M Stolken, JS TI Effect of the grain boundary on the evolution of deformation in a bicrystal SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Intergranular and Interface Boundaries CY JUL 25-29, 2004 CL Queens Univ, Belfast, IRELAND SP Atomist Simulat Ctr HO Queens Univ ID COMPRESSION DEFORMATION AB The role of grain boundary constraint in strain localization and concomitant constitutive response was examined by performing a series of uniaxial compression tests on a tantalum bicrystal. Tantalum single crystals were diffusion bonded to form a (011) 90 degrees twist boundary that was compressed along the common [011] direction. The plastic deformation resulted in the creation of deformation bands away from the highly constraining grain boundary, resembling those bands known from single crystal plastic deformation. Near the grain boundary, such deformation band formation could not be detected. Instead a distinctive pattern of crystal lattice rotation was observed that filled a rather large volume (several millimeters in size) around the bicrystal grain boundary. The internal deformation band structure as well as the crystal lattice rotation pattern near the bicrystal grain boundary were characterized and found to give greater rates of work hardening in the neighborhood of the grain boundary. (c) 2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Engn Directorate, New Technol Engn Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ziegler, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Campbell, Geoffrey/F-7681-2010 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 40 IS 12 BP 3225 EP 3229 DI 10.1007/s10853-005-2689-x PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 938AQ UT WOS:000229972700028 ER PT J AU Hyman, JM Li, J AF Hyman, JM Li, J TI Differential susceptibility epidemic models SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; differential susceptibility; mathematical model; reproductive number; endemic equilibrium; global stability; predator-prey interaction; host-parasitic interaction ID TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI INFECTION; PREDATOR PREY THEORY; DYNAMICS; RATIO; HIV; DISEASES; TRANSMISSION AB We formulate compartmental differential susceptibility (DS) susceptible-infective-removed (SIR) models by dividing the susceptible population into multiple subgroups according to the susceptibility of individuals in each group. We analyze the impact of disease-induced mortality in the situations where the number of contacts per individual is either constant or proportional to the total population. We derive an explicit formula for the reproductive number of infection for each model by investigating the local stability of the infection-free equilibrium. We further prove that the infection-free equilibrium of each model is globally asymptotically stable by qualitative analysis of the dynamics of the model system and by utilizing an appropriately chosen Liapunov function. We show that if the reproductive number is greater than one, then there exists a unique endemic equilibrium for all of the DS models studied in this paper. We prove that the endemic equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable for the models with no disease-induced mortality and the models with contact numbers proportional to the total population. We also provide sufficient conditions for the stability of the endemic equilibrium for other situations. We briefly discuss applications of the DS models to optimal vaccine strategies and the connections between the DS models and predator-prey models with multiple prey populations or host-parasitic interaction models with multiple hosts are also given. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Math Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Hyman, JM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Div Theoret, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 26 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0303-6812 J9 J MATH BIOL JI J. Math. Biol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 50 IS 6 BP 626 EP 644 DI 10.1007/s00285-004-0301-7 PG 19 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 931SH UT WOS:000229505000002 PM 15614550 ER PT J AU Hsiao, SC Christensen, D Ingber, MS Mondy, LA Altobelli, SA AF Hsiao, SC Christensen, D Ingber, MS Mondy, LA Altobelli, SA TI Particle migration rates in a Couette apparatus SO JOURNAL OF MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Couette apparatus; particle migration rate; NMR image ID SHEAR-INDUCED MIGRATION; CONCENTRATED SUSPENSIONS; CONSTITUTIVE EQUATION; FLOW AB Bulk migration of particles towards regions of lower shear occurs in suspensions of neutrally buoyant spheres in Newtonian fluids undergoing creeping flow in the annular region between two rotating, coaxial cylinders (a wide-gap Couette). For a monomodal suspension of spheres in a viscous fluid, dimensional analysis indicates that the rate of migration at a given concentration should scale with the square of the sphere radius. However, a previous experimental study [12] showed that the rate of migration of spherical particles at 50% volume concentration actually scaled with the sphere radius to approximately the 2.9 power. In the current study, a series of experiments is performed to extend the previous study to two new concentrations, namely, 35% and 42.5%. The new study indicates that the power scaling decreases with concentration. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Energet & Multiphase Proc Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. New Mexico Resonance, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Hsiao, SC (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RI Hsiao, Shih-Chun/B-3719-2008 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC THEORETICAL APPLIED MECHANICS, R O C PI TAIPEI PA NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIV, TJINGLING INDUSTRIAL RES INST, TAIPEI 106, TAIWAN SN 1727-7191 J9 J MECH JI J. Mech. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 21 IS 2 BP 71 EP 75 PG 5 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 938DD UT WOS:000229979200002 ER PT J AU Melnichenko, YB Wignall, GD Cole, DR Frielinghaus, H Bulavin, LA AF Melnichenko, YB Wignall, GD Cole, DR Frielinghaus, H Bulavin, LA TI Liquid-gas critical phenomena under confinement: small-angle neutron scattering studies of CO2 in aerogel SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Physics of Liquid Matter CY SEP 12-15, 2003 CL Kiev, UKRAINE SP Minst Sci & Educ Ukraine, Taras Shevchenko Univ, Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Ukrainian Phys Soc DE liquid-gas critical; small-angle neutron scattering; CO2 ID CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; TRANSITIONS AB Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) is a well-established technique for investigating the behavior of confined binary liquid solutions, as it can probe the correlation length and susceptibility in pores on length scales similar to 1-100 nm. We applied SANS to explore the influence of confinement on critical behavior of an individual fluid carbon dioxide (CO2) in a highly porous aerogel. The results demonstrate that quenched disorder induced by aerogel significantly depresses density fluctuations. Despite the negligible volume occupied by aerogel (< 4%), the macroscopic phase separation of confined CO2 into coexisting liquid and gaseous phases is suppressed and below the critical temperature of the bulk fluid frozen methastable microdomains are formed. Experimental data show that critical absorption is as important as the effect of confinement in defining the behavior of confined fluids. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Kiev Natl Univ, Dept Phys, UA-03022 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Melnichenko, YB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM yui@ornl.gov RI Frielinghaus, Henrich/K-6017-2013; OI Frielinghaus, Henrich/0000-0002-8812-8783; Wignall, George/0000-0002-3876-3244 NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7322 J9 J MOL LIQ JI J. Mol. Liq. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 120 IS 1-3 BP 7 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.molliq.2004.07.070 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 929OG UT WOS:000229354800003 ER PT J AU Banerjee, S Hemraj-Benny, T Wong, SS AF Banerjee, S Hemraj-Benny, T Wong, SS TI Routes towards separating metallic and semiconducting nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE nanotube; chirality; armchair; zigzag; semiconducting vs metallic tube separation; electronic selectivity; chemical functionalization; end functionalization; sidewall functionalization; Raman spectroscopy; UV-visible-near IR spectroscopy; nanocomposite formation ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; SIDEWALL FUNCTIONALIZATION; GRAPHENE TUBULES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SINGLE; SCATTERING; CHEMISTRY AB Separation of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), according to their electronic characteristics, is essential to the development of molecular electronics, including field-effect transistors. Recent efforts by many groups have used non-covalent and covalent sidewall chemistry to probe differential reactivity in metallic and semiconducting nanotubes. These chemically based methods may more easily effect the bulk separation of tubes, as compared with physical techniques associated with (i) alternating current dielectrophoresis as well as (ii) the current-induced oxidation of metallic nanotubes, that have recently been reported as alternative methods of achieving chiral separations of nanotubes. Exploration of these types of reactions is critical for the development of interesting chemical and physical properties at the interface between molecules and materials as well as for establishing protocols for the selective functionalization of nanotubes. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Mat & Chem Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wong, SS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 90 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 5 IS 6 BP 841 EP 855 DI 10.1166/jnn.2005.173 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 935BA UT WOS:000229752600001 PM 16060142 ER PT J AU Ye, XR Lin, YH Wai, CM Talbot, JB Jin, SH AF Ye, XR Lin, YH Wai, CM Talbot, JB Jin, SH TI Supercritical fluid attachment of palladium nanoparticles on aligned carbon nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE supercritical fluid; fuel cell; catalyst; Pd nanoparticles; carbon nanotubes ID FUEL-CELLS; DIOXIDE; DEPOSITION; PLATINUM; CO2; NANOCOMPOSITES; FABRICATION; BIOSENSORS; NANOWIRES; CATALYSIS AB Nanocomposite materials consisting of Pd nanoparticles deposited on aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes have been fabricated through hydrogen reduction of palladium-p-diketone precursor in supercritical carbon dioxide. The supercritical fluid processing allowed deposition of high-density Pd nanoparticles (similar to 5-10 nm) on both as-grown (unfunctionalized) and functionalized (using HNO, oxidation) nanotubes. However, the wet processing for functionalization results in pre-agglomerated, bundle-shaped nanotubes, thus significantly reducing the effective surface area for Pd particle deposition, although the bundling provides more secure, lock-in-place positioning of nanotubes and Pd catalyst particles. The nanotube bundling is substantially mitigated by Pd nanoparticle deposition on the unfunctionalized and geometrically separated nanotubes, which provides much higher catalyst surface area. Such nanocomposite materials utilizing geometrically secured and aligned nanotubes can be useful for providing much enhanced catalytic activities to chemical and electrochemical reactions (e.g., fuel cell reactions), and eliminate the need for tedious catalyst recovery process after the reaction is completed. Keywords: Supercritical C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Lin, YH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 NR 41 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 5 IS 6 BP 964 EP 969 DI 10.1166/jnn.2005.133 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 935BA UT WOS:000229752600020 PM 16060161 ER PT J AU Sabri, MI Hashemi, S Tshala-Katumbay, DD Palmer, V Pounds, J Spencer, PS AF Sabri, MI Hashemi, S Tshala-Katumbay, DD Palmer, V Pounds, J Spencer, PS TI Protemic approaches to mechanism of axonopathy induced by alipathic and aromatic gamma-diketones SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Neurochemistry CY JUN 25-29, 2005 CL Madison, WI SP Amer Soc Neurochem C1 Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 94 SU 1 BP 94 EP 94 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 942XW UT WOS:000230317200262 ER PT J AU Johnson, BR Schweiger, MJ Sundaram, SK AF Johnson, BR Schweiger, MJ Sundaram, SK TI Chalcogenide nanowires by evaporation-condensation SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; NANOCRYSTALLINE LEAD CHALCOGENIDES; LIQUID-SOLID MECHANISM; AMORPHOUS AS2S3; RAMAN-SPECTRUM; GROWTH; NANOPARTICLES; SILICON; FILMS; TRANSITION AB Chalcogenide (arsenic sulfide) nanowires have been successfully synthesized front As2S1 under near-equilibrium conditions via an evaporation-condensation process in evacuated glass ampoules. The as-synthesized rianowires were pure, nearly stoichiometric, and amorphous. The nanowires had diameters ranging from 40 to 140 nm and lengths tip to a few millimeters. Distinct joints of the crisscrossing nanowires indicate potential for forming structural networks. They hake been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM). energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine their structure, composition. and morphology, Selected area diffraction (SAD) in the TEM and XRD confirmed their amorphous nature. The As-S nanowires could make in ideal system for understanding the carrier transport and photonic properties in nanoscale for this family of materials (IV V compounds), Chalcogenide nanowires show promise for integrated nanoelectronics and biophotonics. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM sk.sundaram@pnl.gov NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 EI 1873-4812 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 351 IS 16-17 BP 1410 EP 1416 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2005.02.018 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 935WP UT WOS:000229814400011 ER PT J AU Yue, P Chen, SE Nishihama, Y AF Yue, P Chen, SE Nishihama, Y TI Nondestructive quality assurance of ceramic filters using noncontact dynamic characterization SO JOURNAL OF NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE dynamic characterization technique; ceramic candle filters; clean coal technology; quality control; laser vibrometry AB Ceramic candle filters are stiff cylindrical structures arranged in rosettes in a hot gas vessel. Custom-made with strong composite materials, these filters are designed to withstand heating and cooling cycles of very high temperature gradients during coal energy production processes. To ensure consistency in the manufactured filters, noncontact dynamic characterization using laser vibrometry is proposed as a factory quality control technique. To evaluate the proposed technique, a sensitivity study using both contact and noncontact vibration measurements is first conducted. The shift in natural vibration frequencies is used as a quality indicator for likely manufacturing variables. Six candle filters are tested using dynamic impact tests. Contact and noncontact results are compared with theoretical natural frequency values, which show that laser results were "noisier" due to dropout from speckle noises. The results are used to establish the sensitivity of the technique, which indicates that dynamic characterization is a valid nondestructive testing technique for quality assurance of the ceramic filters, provided that the manufactured filters have a quality variation greater than 3.21%. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Chen, SE (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM schen@eng.uab.edu NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-9298 J9 J NONDESTRUCT EVAL JI J. Nondestruct. Eval. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 2 BP 55 EP 66 DI 10.1007/s10921-005-3482-0 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 980IS UT WOS:000233012800002 ER PT J AU Guo, L Jiang, S Xiao, L Zhang, XD AF Guo, L Jiang, S Xiao, L Zhang, XD TI Fast and low-cost search schemes by exploiting localities in P2P networks SO JOURNAL OF PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE peer-to-peer; content search; locality of content; locality of search interest AB Existing peer-to-peer (P2P) search algorithms generally target either the performance objective of improving search quality from a client's perspective, or the objective of reducing search cost from an Internet management perspective. Most existing work of designing and optimizing search algorithms in unstructured P2P networks addresses the trade-off between the two performance objectives. In contrast, our coal in this study is to attempt to achieve both objectives. Motivated by our observations on the content locality in the peer community and the localities of search interests of individual peers, we propose content-abundant cluster-selectively prefetching indices from responding peers (CAC-SPIRP), a fast and low-cost P2P searching algorithm. Our algorithm consists of two components. The first component aims to reduce the search cost by constructing a CAC, where content-abundant peers self-identify, and self-organize themselves into an inter-connected cluster providing a pool of popular objects to be frequently accessed by the peer community. A query will be first routed to the CAC. and most likely to be satisfied there, significantly reducing the amount of network traffic and the search scope. The second component in our algorithm is client oriented and aims to improve the quality of P2P search, called SPIRP. A client individually identifies a small group of peers who have the same interests as itself to prefetch their entire file indices of the related interests, minimizing unnecessary outgoing queries and significantly reducing query response time. Building SPIRP on the CAC Internet infrastructure, out algorithm combines both merits of the two components to achieve both performance objectives. Our trace-driven simulations show that CAC-SPIRP significantly improves the overall performance from both client's perspective and Internet management perspective. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Coll William & Mary, Dept Comp Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Performance & Architecture Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Zhang, XD (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Comp Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. EM lguo@cs.wm.edu; sjiang@lanl.gov; lxiao@cse.msu.edu; zhang@cs.wm.edu NR 19 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0743-7315 J9 J PARALLEL DISTR COM JI J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 65 IS 6 BP 729 EP 742 DI 10.1016/j.jpdc.2005.01.007 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 928GB UT WOS:000229258200005 ER PT J AU Huang, M Wu, D Dennis, KW Anderegg, JW McCallum, RW Lograsso, TA AF Huang, M Wu, D Dennis, KW Anderegg, JW McCallum, RW Lograsso, TA TI The Pr-rich portion of the Ni-Pr system SO JOURNAL OF PHASE EQUILIBRIA AND DIFFUSION LA English DT Article AB The Ni-Pr phase diagram on the Pr-rich side was revised using differential thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. The existence of four stoichiometric compounds, Ni2Pr, NiPr, Ni3Pr and NiPr3, was confirmed; however, the melting temperatures of 766 degrees C (NiPr), 566 degrees C (Ni3Pr7), and 562 degrees C (NiPr3) are considerably different from the previously reported values. The same was true for the four eutectic reactions, which were determined to be as follows: liquid (L) (45 +/- 1 at. % Pr) <-> Ni2Pr + NiPr at a mean temperature of 732 +/- 5 degrees C; L (65 +/- 1 at.% Pr) <-> NiPr + Ni3Pr7 at a mean temperature of 550 +/- 2 degrees C; L (72 +/- 2 at.% Pr) <-> Ni3Pr7 + NiPr3 at a mean temperature of 557 +/- 2 degrees C; and L (77 +/- 1 at. % Pr) <-> NiPr3 + Pr. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Huang, M (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mhuang@ameslab.gov NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1547-7037 J9 J PHASE EQUILIB DIFF JI J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 26 IS 3 BP 209 EP 214 DI 10.1361/15477030523706 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 931KX UT WOS:000229485300002 ER PT J AU Ross, C Kupper, FC Vreeland, V Waite, JH Jacobs, RS AF Ross, C Kupper, FC Vreeland, V Waite, JH Jacobs, RS TI Evidence of a latent oxidative burst in relation to wound repair in the giant unicellular chlorophyte Dasycladus vermicularis SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE algae; coumarins; Dasycladus vermicularis; hydrogen peroxide; oxidative burst; peroxidase; wounding ID ALGAE CLADOPHORA-GLOMERATA; NEUTROPHIL NADPH OXIDASE; WALL STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; PLANT-DISEASE RESISTANCE; CROSS-LINKING; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; OXYGEN PRODUCTION; FERULIC ACID; CELLS; MECHANISM AB We investigated the kinetics and composition of the second phase of the wound repair process of Dasycladus vermicularis ([Scropoli] Krasser) using fluorescent probes, chromatography, UV spectroscopy, and histochemistry. Our new evidence supports the hypothesis that the second phase of wound repair (initiated at approximately 35-45 min postinjury) is based on the activation of an oxidative burst that produces micromolar H2O2 levels. These results provide evidence of peroxidase activity at the wound site, real-time measurements of an oxidative burst, and catechol localization in wound plugs. Strong evidence is presented indicating that the biochemical machinery exists for oxidative cross-linking to ensue in the wound-healing process of D. vermicularis. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Interdept Grad Program Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Dunstaffnage Marine Lab, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jacobs, RS (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Interdept Grad Program Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM rsjacobs@chem.ucsb.edu RI Ross, Cliff/B-8291-2011 NR 56 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 41 IS 3 BP 531 EP 541 DI 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00074.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 930OV UT WOS:000229426700010 ER PT J AU Ruscic, B Boggs, JE Burcat, A Csaszar, AG Demaison, J Janoschek, R Martin, JML Morton, ML Rossi, MJ Stanton, JF Szalay, PG Westmoreland, PR Zabel, F Berces, T AF Ruscic, B Boggs, JE Burcat, A Csaszar, AG Demaison, J Janoschek, R Martin, JML Morton, ML Rossi, MJ Stanton, JF Szalay, PG Westmoreland, PR Zabel, F Berces, T TI IUPAC critical evaluation of thermochemical properties of selected radicals. Part I SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Review DE critical evaluation; enthalpy of formation; free radicals; thermochemical properties ID BOND-DISSOCIATION ENERGIES; KINETIC-DATA EVALUATION; POLYATOMIC TRANSIENT MOLECULES; ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSFER EQUILIBRIA MEASUREMENTS; COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL GEOMETRIES; GAS THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ABSOLUTE RATE CONSTANTS; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS AB This is the first part of a series of articles reporting critically evaluated thermochemical properties of selected free radicals. The present article contains datasheets for 11 radicals: CH, CH2(triplet), CH2(singlet), CH3, CH2OH, CH3O, CH3CO, C2H5O, C6H5CH2, OH, and NH2. The thermochemical properties discussed are the enthalpy of formation, as well as the heat capacity, integrated heat capacity, and entropy of the radicals. One distinguishing feature of the present evaluation is the systematic utilization of available kinetic, spectroscopic and ion thermochemical data as well as high-level theoretical results. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Chem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Aerosp Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Theoret Chem, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Lille 1, Phys Lasers Lab, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. Graz Univ, Inst Theoret Chem, A-8010 Graz, Austria. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Organ Chem, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Pollut Atmospher, ENAC Fac Environm Nat Construit, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Univ Texas, Dept Chem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Theoret Chem, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys Chem, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Chem Res Ctr, H-1025 Budapest, Hungary. RP Ruscic, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ruscic@anl.gov; berces@chemres.hu RI Csaszar, Attila/A-5241-2009; ROSSI, Michel J./C-7878-2013; Ruscic, Branko/A-8716-2008; Szalay, Peter/C-8879-2015; Martin, Jan/A-7457-2008; OI ROSSI, Michel J./0000-0003-3504-695X; Ruscic, Branko/0000-0002-4372-6990; Szalay, Peter/0000-0003-1885-3557; Martin, Jan/0000-0002-0005-5074; Demaison, Jean/0000-0002-0228-6626 NR 307 TC 226 Z9 227 U1 4 U2 67 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 EI 1529-7845 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD JUN PY 2005 VL 34 IS 2 BP 573 EP 656 DI 10.1063/1.1724828 PG 84 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 934HS UT WOS:000229700500004 ER PT J AU Iliev, MN Lorenz, B Litvinchuk, AP Wang, YQ Sun, YY Chu, CW AF Iliev, MN Lorenz, B Litvinchuk, AP Wang, YQ Sun, YY Chu, CW TI Structural, transport, magnetic properties and Raman spectroscopy of orthorhombic Y1-xCaxMnO3 (0 <= x <= 0.5) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID JAHN-TELLER DISTORTIONS; YMNO3; PEROVSKITES; TRANSITION; SCATTERING; LATTICE; SYSTEM; LAMNO3 AB Orthorhombic Y1-xCaxMnO3 (0 <= x <= 0.5) was prepared, and the variations with x of its structural, magnetic and electrical properties and the polarized Raman spectra were investigated. The lattice parameters change systematically with x. Although there are strong indications for increasing disorder above x = 0.20, the average structure remains orthorhombic in the whole substitutional range. Ca doping increases the conductivity, but the temperature dependence of resistivity rho(T) remains semiconducting for all x. The average magnetic exchange interaction changes from antiferromagnetic for x < 0.08 to ferromagnetic for x > 0.08. The evolution with x of the Raman spectra provides evidence for an increasingly disordered oxygen sublattice at x >= 0.10, presumably due to quasistatic and/or dynamical Jahn Teller distortions. C1 Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct & Adv Mat, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Iliev, MN (reprint author), Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct & Adv Mat, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM miliev@uh.edu RI ILIEV, MILKO/A-5941-2008; Litvinchuk, Alexander/K-6991-2012 OI ILIEV, MILKO/0000-0002-9685-542X; Litvinchuk, Alexander/0000-0002-5128-5232 NR 18 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 21 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 21 BP 3333 EP 3341 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/17/21/026 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 941XH UT WOS:000230247000029 ER PT J AU Dumesnil, K Dufour, C Mangin, P Rogalev, A Wilhelm, F AF Dumesnil, K Dufour, C Mangin, P Rogalev, A Wilhelm, F TI Temperature dependence in the magnetization reversal process of DyFe2/YFe2 exchange-coupled superlattices SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; BEHAVIOR; MAGNETS AB X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements have been performed to study the magnetization reversal of a [DyFe2 (5 nm)/YFe2 (20 nm)](13) superlattice that exhibits a negative interface exchange coupling. By recording compound-specific hysteresis loops, we have shown a strong temperature dependence in this magnetization reversal process: below 150 K interface magnetic twists develop as expected predominantly in the softer YFe2 layers, whereas above 200 K the magnetization reversal first affects the harder DyFe2 compound. The sharp transition between these two regimes accounts for the variation of the coercive field, from a positive to a negative value. Different possible mechanisms for the first reversal of the hard compound are discussed. C1 Univ Nancy 1, Phys Mat Lab, CNRS, UMR 7556, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. RP Dumesnil, K (reprint author), Univ Nancy 1, Phys Mat Lab, CNRS, UMR 7556, BP 239, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. EM dumesnil@lpm.u-nancy.fr OI DUMESNIL, Karine/0000-0002-2304-4490 NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 21 BP L215 EP L222 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/17/21/L02 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 941XH UT WOS:000230247000010 ER PT J AU Bass, SA AF Bass, SA TI What do we learn from strangeness at RHIC? SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter CY SEP 15-20, 2004 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; RELATIVISTIC NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; PB-PB COLLISIONS; ELLIPTIC FLOW; PION INTERFEROMETRY; PHASE-TRANSITION; MID-RAPIDITY; FREEZE-OUT; ENHANCEMENT AB I discuss strangeness as a tool for studying the reaction and hadronization dynamics of relativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC. In particular, I focus on quark-number scaling of elliptic flow as a tool to determine the nature of hadronization as well as to quantify the amount of collective flow the strange quarks carry and discuss the use of (multi-)strange hadron radial flow and interferometry for characterizing the collective expansion and emitting source dimensions of a hadronizing quark-gluon-plasma. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM bass@phy.duke.edu OI Bass, Steffen/0000-0002-9451-0954 NR 80 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 31 IS 6 BP S733 EP S740 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/31/6/014 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 941PG UT WOS:000230226100015 ER PT J AU Chang, DY Bass, SA Srivastava, DK AF Chang, DY Bass, SA Srivastava, DK TI Perturbative dynamics of strangeness production at RHIC SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter CY SEP 15-20, 2004 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA ID NUCLEAR COLLISIONS AB Strange quark production in Au-Au collisions at RHIC is studied in the framework of the parton cascade model (PCM). The yields of (anti-) strange quarks for three production scenarios-primary-primary scattering full scattering and full production-are compared to a proton-proton baseline. Enhancement of strange quark yields in central Au-Au collisions compared to scaled p-p collisions increases with the number of secondary interactions. The centrality dependence of strangeness production for the three production scenarios is studied as well. For all production mechanisms, the strangeness yield increases with (N-part)(4/3). The perturbative QCD regime described by the PCM is able to account for up to 50% of the observed strangeness at RHIC. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. RP Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM dyc3@phy.duke.edu OI Bass, Steffen/0000-0002-9451-0954 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 31 IS 6 BP S1005 EP S1010 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/31/6/047 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 941PG UT WOS:000230226100048 ER PT J AU Kaneta, M AF Kaneta, M CA PHENIX Collaboration TI Strangeness and heavy flavour at RHIC: recent resufts from PHENIX SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter CY SEP 15-20, 2004 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA ID COLLISIONS AB We report recent results of strangeness and heavy flavour measurements from PHENIX. The topics are: elliptic flow of strangeness and heavy flavour electron production comparing to the other hadrons, phi-meson production and an exotic particle search. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kaneta, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM kaneta@bnl.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 31 IS 6 BP S667 EP S673 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/31/6/006 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 941PG UT WOS:000230226100007 ER PT J AU Klay, JL AF Klay, JL TI Exploring heavy-quark energy loss via b-tagging in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter CY SEP 15-20, 2004 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA ID QCD AB A strategy to study flavour-dependent parton energy loss by tagging heavy quark jets in p+p, p+Pb and Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC is discussed. Estimates for production cross-sections and experimental techniques employed at collider detectors to search for Q (Q) over bar jets are presented and a brief evaluation of the capabilities of CMS, ALICE and ATLAS detectors are given. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM klay@llnl.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 31 IS 6 BP S1115 EP S1119 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/31/6/070 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 941PG UT WOS:000230226100071 ER PT J AU Lane, F AF Lane, F CA STAR Collaboration TI Studying charm quark elliptic flow via single electron measurements SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter CY SEP 15-20, 2004 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA ID STAR; ANISOTROPY; COLLISIONS; PHENIX AB The observed scaling of elliptic flow (v(2)) with the number of constituent quarks for mesons and baryons in Au+Au collisions at RHIC energies has theoretically been described through hadron production via quark coalescence from a thermalized parton system. Within the framework of quark coalescence, the elliptic flow of individual quark flavours can be deduced from v(2) measurements of identified hadrons. While the light quarks are predominantly created in soft collisions, heavy quarks are believed to be created in hard collisions and are not expected to carry flow at the time of their production. An analysis of the elliptic flow of charmed hadrons, e.g. D-mesons, might therefore not only reveal information about charm quark flow, but also about hadronization and thermalization processes in heavy ion collisions. As direct v(2) measurements of charmed hadrons are not available yet, single electron v(2) at sufficiently high transverse momenta can serve as a substitute. The production of single electrons from non-photonic sources is expected to be dominated by the decay of D-mesons at transverse momenta between 2 GeV/c and 5 GeV/c. Simulations show a strong correlation between the flow of the D-meson and its decay electron in this momentum range. We will present preliminary STAR results from our single electron v(2) measurements from Au+Au collisions at RHIC energies and compare with predictions from quark coalescence models. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 510A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM laue@bnl.gov NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 31 IS 6 BP S1121 EP S1125 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/31/6/071 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 941PG UT WOS:000230226100072 ER PT J AU Odyniec, G AF Odyniec, G TI Selected aspects of strangeness and heavy flavours in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter CY SEP 15-20, 2004 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; CHARMONIUM PRODUCTION; SUPPRESSION; ANISOTROPY; PHYSICS AB The LHC will collide lead beams at the energy of 5.5 TeV per nucleon pair and proton beams at the energy of 14 TeV, starting in 2007. This will open a new chapter of heavy-ion physics, where abundantly produced heavy flavours and other hard probes will allow characterization of the newly created quark-gluon plasma phase. The particular role of charm, and to some degree strangeness, in the physics programme is discussed. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 31 IS 6 BP S959 EP S966 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/31/6/040 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 941PG UT WOS:000230226100041 ER PT J AU Sorensen, P AF Sorensen, P TI Observation of modified hadronization in relativistic Au plus Au collisions: a promising signature for deconfined quark-gluon matter SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter CY SEP 15-20, 2004 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA ID ELLIPTIC FLOW; ROOT(S)(NN)=200 GEV; AU+AU COLLISIONS; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; PARTICLES; ENERGY; QCD AB Measurements of identified particles from Au+Au collisions at root S-NN = 200 GeV are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on nuclear modification, baryon-to-meson ratios, and elliptic flow at intermediate transverse momentum (1.5 < PT < 5 GeV/c). Possible connections between (1) these measurements, (2) the running coupling for static quark-anti-quark pairs at finite temperature, and (3) the creation of a deconfined quark-gluon phase are presented. Modifications to hadronization in Au+Au collisions are proposed as a likely signature for the creation of deconfined coloured matter. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM prsorensen@lbl.gov OI Sorensen, Paul/0000-0001-5056-9391 NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 31 IS 6 BP S889 EP S895 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/31/6/032 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 941PG UT WOS:000230226100033 ER PT J AU Steinberg, P AF Steinberg, P TI Stranger in a strange land SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter CY SEP 15-20, 2004 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA ID COLLISIONS AB The important new results and trends presented at Strangeness in Quark Matter 2004 are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on strangeness and charm production, bulk dynamics, thermal models and the relevance of elementary systems to our understanding of heavy ion reactions. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM peter.steinberg@bnl.gov NR 76 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 31 IS 6 BP S975 EP S983 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/31/6/042 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 941PG UT WOS:000230226100043 ER PT J AU Tang, AH AF Tang, AH CA STAR Collaboration TI Strangelet search at RHIC SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter CY SEP 15-20, 2004 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QUARK-MATTER; SEPARATION AB Two position sensitive shower maximum detectors (SMDs) for zero degree calorimeters (ZDCs) were installed by STAR before run 2004 at both upstream and downstream from the interaction point along the beam axis where particles with small rigidity are swept away by strong magnetic field. The ZDC-SMDs provides information about neutral energy deposition as a function of transverse position in ZDCs. We report the preliminary results of strangelet search from a triggered data-set sampling 100 million Au+Au collisions at top RHIC energy. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, NIKHEF, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, BNL, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tang, AH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, NIKHEF, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM aihong@bnl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 31 IS 6 BP S1187 EP S1190 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/31/6/084 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 941PG UT WOS:000230226100085 ER PT J AU Van Buren, G AF Van Buren, G CA STAR Collaboration TI The Sigma(0)/Lambda ratio in high energy nuclear collisions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter CY SEP 15-20, 2004 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA ID INCLUSIVE PRODUCTION; Z-DECAYS; HADRONS; MATTER AB Measurements of A yields in collision experiments are typically inclusive of decay daughters from Sigma(0) yields. Consequently, model assumptions of the yield fraction from the Sigma(0) often go untested. Although Sigma(0)/Lambda has been measured in many colliding systems, it has been generally absent from high energy nuclear collision results. The STAR experiment at RHIC may be able to provide data on Sigma(0)/Lambda from a variety of colliding systems and energies by reconstructing photon conversions into e(+)e(-) pairs in detector material to identify the daughter gamma from the Sigma(0) decay [1]. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM gene@bnl.gov NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 31 IS 6 BP S1127 EP S1130 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/31/6/072 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 941PG UT WOS:000230226100073 ER PT J AU van Leeuwen, M AF van Leeuwen, M TI Overview of hard processes at RHIC: high-p(T) light-hadron and charm production SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter CY SEP 15-20, 2004 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA ID TO-LEADING ORDER; COLLISIONS AB An overview of the experimental results on high-p(T) light-hadron production and open charrn production is presented. Data on particle production in elementary collisions are compared to next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations. Particle production in Au+Au collisions is then compared to this baseline. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mvanleeuwen@lbl.gov OI van Leeuwen, Marco/0000-0002-5222-4888 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 31 IS 6 BP S881 EP S888 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/31/6/031 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 941PG UT WOS:000230226100032 ER PT J AU Vogt, R AF Vogt, R TI Open and hidden charm production at RHIC and LHC SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter CY SEP 15-20, 2004 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA ID HEAVY-QUARK PRODUCTION; HADRONIC COLLISIONS; HADROPRODUCTION AB We discuss aspects of open and hidden charm production in hadron-nucleus collisions at RHIC and LHC energies. We first discuss the extraction of the total charm cross section in lower energy collisions and how it compares to next-to-leading order quantum chromodynamics calculations. We then describe calculations of the transverse momentum distributions and their agreement with the shape of the measured STAR transverse momentum distributions. We next explain how shadowing and moderate nuclear absorption can explain the PHENIX J/psi dAu/pp ratios. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Vogt, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 31 IS 6 BP S773 EP S780 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/31/6/018 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 941PG UT WOS:000230226100019 ER PT J AU Cleymans, J Steinberg, P Vilakazi, Z AF Cleymans, J Steinberg, P Vilakazi, Z TI SQM2004 - The 8th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter - Preface SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Cape Town, Dept Phys, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Cleymans, J (reprint author), Univ Cape Town, Dept Phys, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 31 IS 6 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/31/6/000 PG 1 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 941PG UT WOS:000230226100001 ER PT J AU Dodin, IY Fisch, NJ AF Dodin, IY Fisch, NJ TI Approximate integrals of radiofrequency-driven particle motion in a magnetic field SO JOURNAL OF PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PONDEROMOTIVE FORCE; GYRORESONANCE; MIRROR AB For a particle moving in a non-uniform static magnetic field under the action of a radiofrequeney wave. ponderomotive effects result from radiofrequency-driven oscillations nonlinearly coupled with Larmor rotation. Using the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms. we show how, despite this coupling, two independent integrals of the particle motion are approximately conserved. These are the magnetie moment of free Larmor rotation and the quasi-energy of the guiding center motion parallel to the d.c. magnetic field. Under the assumption of non-resonant interaction of the particle with the radiofrequency field. these integrals represent adiabatic itivariants of the particle motion. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Dodin, IY (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM idodin@pppl.gov NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0022-3778 J9 J PLASMA PHYS JI J. Plasma Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 BP 289 EP 300 DI 10.1017/80022377804003174 PN 3 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 938TR UT WOS:000230026500004 ER PT J AU Dargaville, TR Celina, M Chaplya, PM AF Dargaville, TR Celina, M Chaplya, PM TI Evaluation of piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) polymers for use in space environments. I. Temperature limitations SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE annealing; fluoropolymers; piezoelectric; thermal properties; vinylidene; fluoride/trifluoroethylene copolymer ID COPOLYMER FILMS; FLUOROPOLYMERS; SPECTROSCOPY; RADIATION; STABILITY AB Smart materials, such as thin-film piezoelectric polymers, are interesting for potential applications on Gossamer spacecraft. This investigation aims to predict the performance and long-term stability of the piezoelectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its copolymers under conditions simulating the low-Earth-orbit environment. To examine the effects of temperature on the piezoelectric properties of PVDF, poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene), and poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene), the d(33) piezoelectric coefficients were measured up to 160 &DEG; C, and the electric displacement/electric field (D-E) hysteresis loops were measured from -80 to +110 &DEG; C. The room-temperature d(33) coefficient of PVDF homopolymer films, annealed at 50, 80, and 125 &DEG; C, dropped rapidly within a few days of thermal exposure and then remained unchanged. In contrast, the TrFE copolymer exhibited greater thermal stability than the homopolymer, with d(33) remaining almost unchanged up to 125 &DEG; C. The HFP copolymer exhibited poor retention of d(33) at temperatures above 80 &DEG; C. In situ D-E loop measurements from -80 to +110 &DEG; C showed that the remanent polarization of the TrFE copolymer was more stable than that of the PVDF homopolymer. D-E hysteresis loop and d(33) results were also compared with the deflection of the PVDF homopolymer and TrFE copolymer bimorphs tested over a wide temperature range. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dargaville, TR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM trdarga@sandia.gov OI Dargaville, Tim/0000-0003-4665-9508 NR 29 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 43 IS 11 BP 1310 EP 1320 DI 10.1002/polb.20436 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 925XQ UT WOS:000229087300005 ER PT J AU Gemmen, RS Johnson, CD AF Gemmen, RS Johnson, CD TI Effect of load transients on SOFC operation-current reversal on loss of load SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE fuel cell; transient; SOFC; reverse; loading ID OXIDE FUEL-CELL; MODEL AB The dynamics of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) operation have been considered previously, but mainly through the use of one-dimensional codes applied to co-flow fuel cell systems. In this paper several geometries are considered, including cross-flow, co-flow, and counter-flow. The details of the model are provided, and the model is compared with some initial experimental data. For parameters typical of SOFC operation, a variety of transient cases are investigated, including representative load increase and decrease and system shutdown. Of particular note for large load decrease conditions (e.g., shutdown) is the occurrence of reverse current over significant portions of the cell, starting from the moment of load loss up to the point where equilibrated conditions again provide positive current. Consideration is given as to when such reverse current conditions might most significantly impact the reliability of the cell. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Gemmen, RS (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM randall.gemmen@netl.doe.gov; christopher.johnson@netl.doe.gov NR 25 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 144 IS 1 BP 152 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.12.027 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 934JT UT WOS:000229705800019 ER PT J AU Dolle, M Patoux, S Richardson, TJ AF Dolle, M Patoux, S Richardson, TJ TI Lithium insertion chemistry of phosphate phases with the lipscombite structure SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE lithium batteries; iron phosphate; intercalation compounds ID TITANIUM PHOSPHATES; ELECTRODE MATERIALS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BATTERIES; LIFEPO4 AB The lithium insertion chemistry of an iron phosphate with the lipscombite structure, Fe1.19PO4F0.11(OH)(0.46)(H2O)(0.43), was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), galvanostatic cycling, and potentiostatic intermittent titration. The compound, prepared by a simple hydrothermal method, contains interconnecting chains of face-sharing FeO6 octahedra with about 60% Fe occupancy. Assuming that all the iron may be reduced, the theoretical capacity is about 180 mAh g(-1), similar to that of olivine-type LiFePO4. Reversible intercalation was found to proceed via a single-phase reaction at an average potential of 2.8 V versus Li+/Li. Good structural stability upon intercalation/deintercalation was observed. The unit cell volume increased linearly and isotropically with increasing lithium content, reaching 10% for a Li:Fe ratio of 0.96. XRD peak widths increased on lithiation, presumably due to disorder created by conversion of Fe3+ to the larger Fe 21, but decreased on subsequent delithiation. The rate capability of this material appears to be diffusion-limited, and may benefit from a decrease in particle size. The lithium insertion behavior of a related compound, Ti5O4(PO4)(4), was also investigated. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Richardson, TJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tjrichardson@lbl.gov RI Dolle, Mickael/N-4288-2015 OI Dolle, Mickael/0000-0002-8887-6730 NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 144 IS 1 BP 208 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.12.028 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 934JT UT WOS:000229705800027 ER PT J AU Vo-Dinh, T Yan, F Wabuyele, MB AF Vo-Dinh, T Yan, F Wabuyele, MB TI Surface-enhanced Raman scattering for medical diagnostics and biological imaging SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE surface-enhanced Raman scattering; gene detection; cellular imaging; nanostructured materials ID SILVER ELECTRODE; SINGLE MOLECULES; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROMETRY; SERS; MICROSCOPY; CELLS; NANOPARTICLES; PARTICLES; SUBSTRATE AB We present recent development and applications of a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology for use in medical diagnostics and biological imaging. For medical diagnostics, we use Raman-active dye-labeled DNA gene probes and nanostructured metallic substrates as SERS-active platforms. The surface-enhanced Raman gene probes can be used to detect DNA biotargets (e.g. gene sequences, bacteria and viral DNA) via hybridization to DNA sequences complementary to these probes. The SERS gene probes eliminate the need for radioactive labels and have great potential to provide both sensitivity, selectivity and label multiplexing for DNA sequencing and clinical assays. We also describe a hyperspectral surface-enhanced Raman imaging (HSERI) system that combines imaging capabilities with SERS detection to identify cellular components with high spatial and temporal resolution. The HSERI system's application to biological imaging is demonstrated using Raman dye-labeled silver nanoparticles in cellular systems. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Biomed Photo, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Biomed Photo, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM vodinht@ornl.gov RI Yan, Fei/P-1330-2014 OI Yan, Fei/0000-0001-5983-143X NR 42 TC 148 Z9 149 U1 3 U2 51 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0377-0486 J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC JI J. Raman Spectrosc. PD JUN-JUL PY 2005 VL 36 IS 6-7 BP 640 EP 647 DI 10.1002/jrs.1348 PG 8 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 950AE UT WOS:000230829200022 ER PT J AU Bobev, S Tobash, PH Fritsch, V Thompson, JD Hundley, MF Sarrao, JL Fisk, Z AF Bobev, S Tobash, PH Fritsch, V Thompson, JD Hundley, MF Sarrao, JL Fisk, Z TI Ternary rare-earth alumo-silicides - single-crystal growth from Al flux, structural and physical properties SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE rare-earth intermetallics; crystal structure; magnetic measurements; flux growth ID LN AB A number of rare-earth alumo-silicides (R-Al-Si) have been synthesized from the corresponding elements by high-temperature reactions, carried out in excess of aluminum to serve as a flux. Under these experimental conditions, large single crystals of all R-Al-Si ternary phases were readily produced. The crystal structures these ternaries adopt were studied by means of powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction and were classified as follows: (1) the early rare-earths (R = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd) yield RA1(x)Si(2-x), x similar to 1, non-stoichiometric ternary derivatives of the body-centered alpha-ThSi2-type; (2) the late rare-earths (R = Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm) form stoichiometric R2Al3Si2 compounds that crystallize in the C-centered monoclinic Y2Al3Si2-type; (3) the divalent Eu and Yb produce EuAl2Si2 and YbAl2Si2 with the trigonal CaAl2Si2-type, whereas the last lanthanide element, Lu, forms LuAlSi with C-centered orthorhombic YAlGe-type. These Structural trends are reviewed, and the evolution of the basic physical properties such as magnetism, heat capacity and electrical resistivity when moving across the series is described in detail. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biochem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Bobev, S (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biochem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM sbobev@chem.udel.edu RI Fritsch, Veronika/P-1352-2016 OI Fritsch, Veronika/0000-0002-6620-4554 NR 41 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 178 IS 6 BP 2091 EP 2103 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2005.04.021 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 935BG UT WOS:000229753200045 ER PT J AU Alexander, FJ Eyink, GL Restrepo, JM AF Alexander, FJ Eyink, GL Restrepo, JM TI Accelerated Monte Carlo for optimal estimation of time series SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE path integral; stochastic processes; time series; hybrid Monte Carlo ID DIFFUSION-PROCESSES; ASSIMILATION; SIMULATIONS; DYNAMICS; PATH AB By casting stochastic optimal estimation of time series in path integral form, one can apply analytical and computational techniques of equilibrium statistical mechanics. In particular, one can use standard or accelerated Monte Carlo methods for smoothing, filtering and/or prediction. Here we demonstrate the applicability and efficiency of generalized (nonlocal) hybrid Monte Carlo and multigrid methods applied to optimal estimation, specifically smoothing. We test these methods on a stochastic diffusion dynamics in a bistable potential. This particular problem has been chosen to illustrate the speedup due to the nonlocal sampling technique, and because there is an available optimal solution which can be used to validate the solution via the hybrid Monte Carlo strategy. In addition to showing that the nonlocal hybrid Monte Carlo is statistically accurate, we demonstrate a significant speedup compared with other strategies, thus making it a practical alternative to smoothing/filtering and data assimilation on problems with state vectors of fairly large dimensions, as well as a large total number of time steps. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Math, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Alexander, FJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM fja@lanl.gov OI Restrepo, Juan/0000-0003-2609-2882 NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-4715 J9 J STAT PHYS JI J. Stat. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 119 IS 5-6 BP 1331 EP 1345 DI 10.1007/s10955-005-3770-1 PG 15 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 951DG UT WOS:000230908700009 ER PT J AU Goddard, G Kaduchak, G AF Goddard, G Kaduchak, G TI Ultrasonic particle concentration in a line-driven cylindrical tube SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC-RADIATION FORCE; STANDING-WAVE FIELDS; MANIPULATION; SEPARATION; LIQUID; MICROPARTICLES; FRACTIONATION; SUSPENSIONS; CHAMBERS; PHASES AB Acoustic particle manipulation has many potential uses in flow cytometry and microfluidic array applications. Currently, most ultrasonic particle positioning devices utilize a quasi-one-dimensional geometry to set up the positioning field. A transducer fit with a quarter-wave matching layer, locally drives a cavity of width one-half wavelength. Particles within the cavity experience a time-averaged drift force that transports them to a nodal position. Present research investigates an acoustic particle-positioning device where the acoustic excitation is generated by the entire structure, as opposed to a localized transducer. The lowest-order structural modes of a long cylindrical glass tube driven by a piezoceramic with a line contact are tuned, via material properties and aspect ratio, to match resonant modes of the fluid-filled cavity. The cylindrical geometry eliminates the need for accurate alignment of a transducer/reflector system, in contrast to the case of planar or confocal fields. Experiments show that the lower energy density in the cavity, brought about through excitation of the whole cylindrical tube, results in reduced cavitation, convection, and thermal gradients. The effects of excitation and material parameters on concentration quality are theoretically evaluated, using two-dimensional elastodynamic equations describing the fluid-filled cylindrical shell with a line excitation. (c) 2005 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Elect & Electrochem Mat & Devices Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Goddard, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Elect & Electrochem Mat & Devices Grp, Mail Stop D-429,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 40 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 10 U2 36 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 117 IS 6 BP 3440 EP 3447 DI 10.1121/1.1904405 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 934OQ UT WOS:000229718500015 PM 16018448 ER PT J AU Li, CP Akinc, M AF Li, CP Akinc, M TI Role of bound water on the viscosity of nanometric alumina suspensions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; COLLOIDAL DISPERSIONS; SEWAGE SLUDGES; SILICA PORES; RHEOLOGY; BEHAVIOR; FILTRATION; DENSITY; SPHERES C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Akinc, M (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM makinc@iastate.edu NR 29 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1448 EP 1454 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00339.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 930IW UT WOS:000229410300014 ER PT J AU Chen, Z Trice, R Wang, H Porter, W Howe, J Besser, M Sordelet, D AF Chen, Z Trice, R Wang, H Porter, W Howe, J Besser, M Sordelet, D TI Co-doping of air plasma-sprayed yttria- and ceria-stabilized zirconia for thermal barrier applications SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PHASE-STABILITY; IONIC-CONDUCTIVITY; COATINGS; MICROSTRUCTURE; YSZ; EQUILIBRIA; SYSTEM AB Co-dopants of either Yb3+ or Ca2+ were incorporated into 7.6 mol% YO1.5-ZrO2 (7.6YSZ) and 12 mol% CeO2-ZrO2 (12CeSZ) coatings by infiltrating porous spray-dried powders with salt solutions containing the appropriate co-dopant species prior to plasma spraying. Co-dopant concentration was varied from 2 to 5 mol%. Using a combination of transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive analysis, no secondary phase or Yb3+ segregation was detected at the grain boundary of either as-sprayed 2Yb/7.6YSZ or 2Yb/12CeSZ coatings. Dilatometer measurements showed that 2 mol% Yb3+ co-doped 7.6YSZ and 12CeSZ coatings shrank similar to 0.6% during a 5 h soak at 1400 degrees C, approximately the same contraction as the baseline coatings (i.e. not co-doped). X-ray diffraction results show that the as-sprayed 7.6YSZ, 2Ca/7.6YSZ, and 2Yb/7.6YSZ coatings comprised of non-transformable, non-equilibrium composition tetragonal ZrO2 (identified presently as t'-ZrO2), while the 5Ca/7.6YSZ coating was a non-equilibrium composition of cubic ZrO2. After a heat treatment of 100 h at 1200 degrees C, the 2Yb/7.6YSZ coating was completely t'-ZrO2, while the baseline and Ca2+ co-doped 7.6YSZ coatings showed evidence of partitioning. Therefore, it appears that co-doping of 7.6YSZ with 2 mol% Yb3+ increases the stability of t'-ZrO2, whereas co-doping with 2 mol% Ca2+ decreases the stability of t'-ZrO2. The volume fraction of m-ZrO2 in the baseline 12CeSZ coatings was estimated to be 88% after a 100 h heat treatment at 1200 degrees C. 2 mol% Yb3+ or Ca2+ co-doping limited the tetragonal to monoclinic phase transformation in 12CeSZ, with only 37% and 43% monochnic phase observed, respectively, after a 100 h heat treatment at 1200 degrees C; this was an improvement over the baseline 12CeSZ coating. As-sprayed 2Yb/7.6YSZ and 2Yb/12CeSZ coatings bad slightly lower thermal conductivity than their baseline counterparts in the as-sprayed condition; after 100 h at 1200 degrees C, their conductivity increased to that of the baseline coatings. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM rtrice@purdue.edu RI Howe, Jane/G-2890-2011; Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1584 EP 1590 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00296.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 930IW UT WOS:000229410300035 ER PT J AU Hsueh, CH Lance, MJ Ferber, MK AF Hsueh, CH Lance, MJ Ferber, MK TI Stress distributions in thin bilayer discs subjected to ball-on-ring tests SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CERAMICS AB Ball-on-ring tests have been used extensively to measure the biaxial strength of brittle materials. However, the tests and analyses are limited to materials of uniform properties. An analytical model is developed in the present study to analyze thin bilayer discs subjected to ball-on-ring tests. It is found that closed-form solutions for bilayer discs can be obtained from existing solutions for monolayer discs by replacing the position of the neutral surface and the flexural rigidity of monolayers with those of bilayers. To validate the analytical solutions for bilayers, ballon-ring tests are performed on a thin Al2O3 scale grown on an oxide dispersion-strengthened FeCrAl alloy disc and photo-stimulated luminescence spectroscopy is used to measure the stress distributions in the Al2O3 layer. In this case, the stress-induced peak shift of the R lines emitted by the Al2O3 scale is used to determine the average stress through the scale thickness. Good agreement between predictions and measurements is obtained. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hsueh, CH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hsuehc@ornl.gov RI Hsueh, Chun-Hway/G-1345-2011; Lance, Michael/I-8417-2016 OI Lance, Michael/0000-0001-5167-5452 NR 14 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1687 EP 1690 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00343.x PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 930IW UT WOS:000229410300061 ER PT J AU Werkema, EL Messines, E Perrin, L Maron, L Eisenstein, O Andersen, RA AF Werkema, EL Messines, E Perrin, L Maron, L Eisenstein, O Andersen, RA TI Hydrogen for fluorine exchange in CH4-xFx by monomeric [1,2,4-(Me3C)(3)C5H2](2)CeH: Experimental and computational studies SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID F BOND ACTIVATION; PROMOTED CYCLOPROPANATION REACTIONS; TRANSITION-METAL-COMPLEXES; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; C-F; SINGLET METHYLENE; ELEMENT THERMOCHEMISTRY; DISRUPTION ENTHALPIES; INSERTION REACTION; DFT AB The monomeric metallocenecerium hydride, CP'(CeH (Cp' = 1,2,4-tri-tert-butylcyclopentadienyl), reacts instantaneously with CH)(F, but slower with CH)(F)(, to give CP')(CeF and CH)(2)(3)(2)(2)(2)(4) (in each case, a net H for F exchange reaction. The hydride reacts very slowly with CHF)(, and not at all with CF)(, to give CP'2CeF, H)(, and 1,2,4- and 1,3,5-tri-tert-butylbenzene. The substituted benzenes are postulated to result from trapping of a fluorocarbene fragment derived by a-fluoride abstraction from Cp')(CeCF)(. The fluoroalkyl, Cp')(CeCF)(, is generated by reaction of CP')(CeH and Me)(SiCF)(3)(4)(2)(2)(3)(2)(3)(2)(3)(3) (or by reaction of the metallacycle, [(Cp')(Me)(C))(C)(H)(C(Me)()CH)(]Ce, with CHF)(, and its existence is inferred from the products of decomposition, which are Cp)(CeF, the isomeric tri-tert-butylbenzenes and in the case of Me)(SiCF)(, Me)(SiH. The fluoroalkyls, CP')(CeCH)(F and CP')(CeCHF)(, generated from the metallacycle and CH)(F and CH)(F)(, respectively, are also inferred by their decomposition products, which are CP')(CeF, CH)(, and CHF, respectively, which are trapped. DFT(B3PW91) calculations have been carried out to examine several reaction paths that involve CH and CF bond activation. The calculations show that the CH activation by CP)(CeH proceeds with a low barrier. The carbene ejection and trapping by H)(3)(2)(5)(2)(2)(2)(3)(2)(3)(3)(3)(2)(2)(2)(2)(3)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2) (is the rate-determining step, and the barrier parallels that found for reaction of H)(2) (with CH)(, CHF, and CF)(2)(2). The barrier of the rate-determining step is raised as the number of fluorines increases, while that of the CH activation path is lowered as the number of fluorines increases, which parallels the acidity. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, IRSAMC, UMR 5626,Lab Phys Quant, F-31064 Toulouse, France. EM laurent.maron@irsamc.ups-tlse.fr; odile.eisenstein@univ-montp2.fr; raandersen@lbl.gov RI Perrin, Lionel/B-6456-2009; Eisenstein, Odile/I-1704-2016; PERRIN, Lionel/N-9323-2013 OI Eisenstein, Odile/0000-0001-5056-0311; PERRIN, Lionel/0000-0002-0702-8749 NR 83 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 21 BP 7781 EP 7795 DI 10.1021/ja0504800 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 930WL UT WOS:000229447700030 PM 15913368 ER PT J AU Solutskin, E Ocko, BM Taman, L Kuzmenko, I Gog, T Deutsch, M AF Solutskin, E Ocko, BM Taman, L Kuzmenko, I Gog, T Deutsch, M TI Surface, layering in ionic liquids: An X-ray reflectivity study SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review ID CHAIN MOLECULES; 1-N-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; SIO2/AIR INTERFACES; CAPILLARY WAVES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; DENSITY PROFILES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; VAPOR INTERFACE; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; N-ALKANES AB The surface structure and thermodynamics of two ionic liquids, based on the 1-alkyl-3-methylimiclazolium cations, were studied by X-ray reflectivity and surface tensiometry. A molecular layer of a density similar to 18 % higher than that of the bulk is found to form at the free surface of these liquids. In common with surface layering in liquid metals and surface freezing in melts of organic chain molecules, this effect is induced by the lower dimensionality of the surface. The concentrations of the oppositely charged ions within the surface layer are determined by chemical substitution of the anion. The temperature-dependent surface tension measurements reveal a normal, negative-slope temperature dependence. The different possible molecular arrangements within the enhanced-density surface layer are discussed. C1 Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, CMC, CAT, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Deutsch, M (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. EM deutsch@mail.biu.ac.il NR 103 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 21 BP 7796 EP 7804 DI 10.1021/ja0509679 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 930WL UT WOS:000229447700031 ER PT J AU Lewis, AC Hilton, J Vocke, R AF Lewis, AC Hilton, J Vocke, R TI Water supply options in a New Mexico Water Planning Region SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE drought; ground water hydrology; stakeholder participation; surface water hydrology; water policy/regulation/decision making; water resources education; water resources planning AB The population in the Jemez y Sangre Water Planning Region of New Mexico has reached the point at which the demand for water exceeds available supplies, particularly when precipitation is below average, as has frequently occurred in recent years. The desire to develop a sustainable water supply that relies on renewable supplies in wet years and preserves the water in storage for times of drought motivated a diverse set of stakeholders in the region to participate in regional water planning. The planning effort culminated in development of the Jemez y Sangre Regional Water Plan, which was adopted by municipal and county governments in the region. The plan assesses and compares water supply and demand in the region and recommends alternatives for protecting and restoring the existing water supply and addressing the pending gap between supply and demand anticipated by the year 2060. To convey to decision makers the alternatives available to solve the future water shortage, option charts were developed to portray the amount of water that could be obtained or conserved through their implementation. The option charts show that the projected gap between supply and demand cannot be met through one alternative only, but will require a combination of alternatives. C1 Daniel B Stephens & Associates Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Risk Reduct & Environm Stewardship Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lewis, AC (reprint author), 7 Seton Plaza, Santa Fe, NM 87508 USA. EM amychilder-slewis@earthlink.net NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 41 IS 3 BP 635 EP 643 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03760.x PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 941QT UT WOS:000230230000010 ER PT J AU Berg, LK Stull, RB AF Berg, LK Stull, RB TI A simple parameterization coupling the convective daytime boundary layer and fair-weather cumuli SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MASS-FLUX; PART I; CLOUD AMOUNT; WATER-CONTENT; MODEL; SCHEME; DISTRIBUTIONS; CONDENSATION; PREDICTION; ENTRAINMENT AB A new parameterization for boundary layer cumulus clouds, called the cumulus potential (Cup) scheme, is introduced. This scheme uses joint probability density functions (JPDFs) of virtual potential temperature (theta(nu)) and water-vapor mixing ratio (r), as well as the mean vertical profiles of theta(nu), to predict the amount and size distribution of boundary layer cloud cover. This model considers the diversity of air parcels over a heterogeneous surface, and recognizes that some parcels rise above their lifting condensation level to become cumulus, while other parcels might rise as noncloud updrafts. This model has several unique features: 1) cloud cover is determined from the boundary layer JPDF of theta(nu) versus r, 2) clear and cloudy thermals are allowed to coexist at the same altitude, and 3) a range of cloud-base heights, cloud-top heights, and cloud thicknesses are predicted within any one cloud field, as observed. Using data from Boundary Layer Experiment 1996 and a model intercomparsion study using large eddy simulation (LES) based on Barbados Oceanographic and Meteorological Experiment (BOMEX), it is shown that the Cup model does a good job predicting cloud-base height and cloud-top height. The model also shows promise in predicting cloud cover, and is found to give better cloud-cover estimates than three other cumulus parameterizations: one based on relative humidity, a statistical scheme based on the saturation deficit, and a slab model. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 98325 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Atmospher Sci Programme, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Berg, LK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 98325 USA. EM larry.berg@pnl.gov RI Berg, Larry/A-7468-2016 OI Berg, Larry/0000-0002-3362-9492 NR 51 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 62 IS 6 BP 1976 EP 1988 DI 10.1175/JAS3437.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 937NV UT WOS:000229933700018 ER PT J AU Fadeyev, V Haber, C Maul, C McBride, JW Golden, M AF Fadeyev, V Haber, C Maul, C McBride, JW Golden, M TI Reconstruction of recorded sound from an Edison cylinder using three-dimensional noncontact optical surface metrology SO JOURNAL OF THE AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PHONOGRAPH AB Audio information stored in the undulations of a groove in a mechanical sound carrier such as a cylinder or disk phonograph record may be reconstructed, without contact, by measuring the groove shape using precision optical metrology methods and digital image processing. The viability of this approach was recently demonstrated on a 78-rpm shellac disk using two-dimensional image acquisition and analysis methods. The first three-dimensional reconstruction of recorded sound from a mechanical carrier is reported. The source material, a celluloid cylinder, was scanned using color-coded confocal microscopy techniques and resulted in a faithful playback of the recorded information. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. TaiCaan Technol Ltd, Southampton SO16 7NP, Hants, England. Univ Southampton, Sch Engn Sci, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. RP Fadeyev, V (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM VAFadeyev@LBL.GOV; CHHaber@LBL.GOV; C.Maul@taicaan.com; jwm@mech.soton.ac.uk; mgolden@mitchgolden.com NR 38 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AUDIO ENGINEERING SOC PI NEW YORK PA 60 E 42ND ST, NEW YORK, NY 10165-2520 USA SN 1549-4950 J9 J AUDIO ENG SOC JI J. Audio Eng. Soc. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 53 IS 6 BP 485 EP 508 PG 24 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 936KR UT WOS:000229854400002 ER PT J AU Cheong, H Jo, HC Kim, KM AF Cheong, H Jo, HC Kim, KM TI Hydrogen sensors based on gasochromic oxide thin films SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th China-Korea Symposium on Thin Film Materials CY JUN 28-JUL 05, 2004 CL Chengdu, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Nat Sci Fdn China, Inst Nucl Sci & Technol, Sichuan Univ, SW Inst Phys, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, Hanyang Univ, Quantum Photon Sci Res Ctr, Inha Univ, Opt Technol Educ Ctr, Korean Vacuum Soc DE hydrogen sensor; casochromic; electrochromic; ruthenium oxide AB Hydrogen sensors based on electrochromic oxide thin films have attracted much attention recently, since this type of sensor enables optical remote sensing. Electrochromic oxides, when combined with a thin overlayer of palladium, exhibit gasochromic properties, and change color when exposed to hydrogen gas; by monitoring the changes in optical transmission, one can detect the presence of hydrogen. Since the gasochromic process is essentially equivalent to the electrochromic process in that the change in color results from insertion/extraction of protons and electrons, we leverage previous Raman studies on electrochromic thin films in our investigation of gasochromic thin films. We study the electrochromic properties of hydrated amorphous ruthenium oxide thin films by using in-situ Raman spectroscopy during electrochemical charging/discharging cycles and compare,the results with the changes in the Raman spectra of a gasochromic Pd/RuO2 film as it is exposed to hydrogen gas. C1 Sogang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 121742, South Korea. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Cheong, H (reprint author), Sogang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 121742, South Korea. EM hcheong@sogang.ac.kr RI Lee, Sehee/A-5989-2011; Cheong, Hyeonsik/D-7424-2012 OI Cheong, Hyeonsik/0000-0002-2347-4044 NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 46 SU S BP S121 EP S124 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 932YE UT WOS:000229589900029 ER PT J AU Deo, CS Srolovitz, DJ Cai, W Bulatov, VV AF Deo, CS Srolovitz, DJ Cai, W Bulatov, VV TI Stochastic simulation of dislocation glide in tantalum and Ta-based alloys SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID KINETIC MONTE-CARLO; KINKED SCREW DISLOCATIONS; BCC TRANSITION-METALS; HIGH-PURITY TANTALUM; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ANOMALOUS SLIP; TENSILE DEFORMATION; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; LOW-TEMPERATURE; IRON ALLOYS AB We employ a kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm to simulate the motion of a 1/2 < 1 1 1 >-oriented screw dislocation on a {0 1 1}-slip plane in body centered cubic Ta and Ta-based alloys. The dislocation moves by the kink model: double kink nucleation, kink migration and kink-kink annihilation. Rates of these unit processes are parameterized based upon existing first principles data. Both short-range (solute-dislocation core) and long-range (elastic misfit) interactions between the dislocation and solute are considered in the simulations. Simulations are performed to determine dislocation velocity as a function of stress, temperature, solute concentration, solute misfit and solute-core interaction strength. The dislocation velocity is shown to be controlled by the rate of nucleation of double kinks and the dependence of the double kink nucleation rate on stress and temperature are consistent with existing analytical predictions. In alloys, dislocation velocity depends on both the short- and long-range solute dislocation interactions as well as on the solute concentration. The short-range solute-core interactions are shown to dominate the effects of alloying on dislocation mobility. The present simulation method provides the critical link between atomistic calculations of fundamental dislocation and solute properties and large scale dislocation dynamics that typically employ empirical equations of motion. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Mat Inst, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MST-8,MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM cdeo@lanl.gov NR 55 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 EI 1873-4782 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD JUN PY 2005 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1223 EP 1247 DI 10.1016/j.jmps.2005.01.003 PG 25 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 928LF UT WOS:000229272400001 ER PT J AU Batzer, DP Dietz-Brantley, SE Taylor, BE DeBiase, AE AF Batzer, DP Dietz-Brantley, SE Taylor, BE DeBiase, AE TI Evaluating regional differences in macroinvertebrate communities from forested depressional wetlands across eastern and central North America SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE fingernail clams; hydroperiod; invertebrates; Isopoda; latitude; Mollusca; seasonal ponds; vernal ponds; wetland ID BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; SEASONAL-WETLAND; SOUTH-CAROLINA; USA; INVERTEBRATES; PONDS; MINNESOTA; ABUNDANCE; SWAMPS; BAY AB Forested depressional wetlands are an important seasonal wetland type across eastern and central North America. Macroinvertebrates are crucial ecosystem components of most forested depressional wetlands, but community compositions can vary widely across the region. We evaluated variation in macroinvertebrate faunas across eastern and central North America using 5 published taxa lists from forested depressional wetlands in Michigan, Ontario, Wisconsin, Florida, and Georgia. We supplemented those data with quantitative community descriptions generated from 17 forested depressional wetlands in South Carolina and 74 of these wetlands in Minnesota. Cluster analysis of presence/absence data from these 7 locations indicated that distinct macroinvertebrate communities existed in northern and southern areas. Taxa characteristic of northern forested depressional wetlands included Sphaeriidae, Lumbriculidae, Lymnaeidae, Physidae, Limnephilidae, Chirocephalidae, and Hirudinea (Glossophoniidae and/or Erpodbellidae) and taxa characteristic of southern sites included Asellidae, Crangonyctidae, Noteridae, and Cambaridae. Quantitative sampling in South Carolina and Minnesota indicated that regionally characteristic taxa included some of the most abundant organisms, with Sphaeriidae being the 2(nd) most abundant macroinvertebrate in Minnesota wetlands and Asellidae being the 2(nd) most abundant macroinvertebrate in South Carolina wetlands. Mollusks, in general, were restricted to forested depressional wetlands of northern latitudes, a pattern that may reflect a lack of Ca needed for shell formation in acidic southern sites. Differences in community composition probably translate into region-specific differences in the ecological functions performed by macroinvertebrates in forested depressional wetlands. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Batzer, DP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM dbatzer@bugs.ent.uga.edu; sebrantley1@yahoo.com; taylor@srel.edu; debiase@srel.edu NR 42 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 17 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 2 BP 403 EP 414 DI 10.1899/04-055.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 928ZE UT WOS:000229309800015 ER PT J AU Smith, JG Beauchamp, JJ Stewart, AJ AF Smith, JG Beauchamp, JJ Stewart, AJ TI Alternative approach for establishing acceptable thresholds on macroinvertebrate community metrics SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE macroinvertebrates; data analysis; bioassessment; monitoring; tolerance intervals ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA STREAM; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; REFERENCE VALUES; TOLERANCE LIMITS; VARIABILITY; WATER; ASSESSMENTS; INDEX; SENSITIVITY; INTERVALS AB We demonstrated the use of statistical tolerance intervals as a method for deriving acceptable thresholds for benthic macroinvertebrate community metrics. Tolerance intervals are simply confidence intervals based on percentiles, and they allow selection of acceptable limits (referred to as tolerance limits) and a desired level of statistical confidence for a metric distribution (e.g., of a reference population). We used benthic macroinvertebrate community data from several long-term monitoring projects for streams on the US Department of Energy's Oak Ridge Reservation in eastern Tennessee, USA, for the demonstration. We focused on 3 benthic macroinvertebrate community metrics: density, total taxonomic richness, and taxonomic richness of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) taxa. Tolerance intervals yielded less restrictive thresholds than those produced by simple percentiles because the former approach includes variation of the reference data, whereas percentiles are distribution-free. The less restrictive thresholds produced by tolerance intervals will decrease the frequency with which metric values from test sites will be classified as unacceptable because data variation is included, but thresholds calculated using the tolerance interval approach may be better suited for studies that require a greater level of statistical rigor than routine monitoring or general screening surveys (e.g., biocriteria, environmental impact assessments). Conversely, approaches that use simple percentiles may be more appropriate for screening studies. Greater accuracy of tolerance limits can be achieved by increasing sample size, reducing variation (e.g., removing outliers, data transformation), and including data that incorporate both spatial and temporal variation. However, alternative approaches should be used if the data are not normally distributed. Tolerance limits can be adjusted easily to achieve the level of environmental protection desired or required, while providing a level of statistical confidence in derived thresholds. For this reason, a tolerance interval approach should be considered seriously, particularly if the study objectives require a known level of statistical certainty. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Smith, JG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM smithjg@ornl.gov; john.beauchamp@lipscomb.edu; astewart@tnainc.com OI stewart, arthur/0000-0003-1968-5997 NR 63 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 2 BP 428 EP 440 DI 10.1899/02-118.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 928ZE UT WOS:000229309800017 ER PT J AU Kulkarni, AA Goland, A Herman, H Allen, AJ Ilavsky, J Long, GG De Carlo, F AF Kulkarni, AA Goland, A Herman, H Allen, AJ Ilavsky, J Long, GG De Carlo, F TI Advanced microstructural characterization of plasma-sprayed zirconia coatings over extended length scales SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE elastic modulus; plasma spray; small-angle neutron; scattering; thermal barrier coatings; thermal conductivity; thermal cycling; ultra-small-angle x-ray scattering; x-ray microtomography ID ANGLE; SCATTERING; DEPOSITS AB Achieving control of the microstructure of plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coating (TBC) systems offers an opportunity to tailor coating properties to demanding applications. Accomplishing this requires a fundamental understanding of the correlations among processing, microstructure development, and related TBC properties. This article describes the quantitative characterization of the microstructure of plasma-sprayed partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) coatings by means of x-ray and neutron-scattering imaging techniques. Small-angle neutron scattering, ultra-small-angle x-ray scattering, and x-ray microtomography were used to characterize and visualize the nature and structure of the features in these material systems. In addition, the influence of processing parameters on microstructure development is discussed along with thermal cycling effects on the pore morphology, and their resultant influence of the porosity on the thermal conductivity and elastic modulus of plasma-sprayed PSZ TBCs. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kulkarni, AA (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM anandk013@gmail.com RI Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013; USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013 OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900; NR 25 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9630 J9 J THERM SPRAY TECHN JI J. Therm. Spray Technol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 14 IS 2 BP 239 EP 250 DI 10.1361/10599630523818 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA 932PB UT WOS:000229564700043 ER PT J AU Jacobs, JM Diamond, DL Chan, EY Gritsenko, MA Qian, WJ Stastna, M Baas, T Camp, DG Carithers, RL Smith, RD Katze, MG AF Jacobs, JM Diamond, DL Chan, EY Gritsenko, MA Qian, WJ Stastna, M Baas, T Camp, DG Carithers, RL Smith, RD Katze, MG TI Proteome analysis of liver cells expressing a full-length hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicon and biopsy specimens of posttransplantation liver from HCV-infected patients SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CORE PROTEIN; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GROWTH-FACTOR; IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RNA REPLICATION; GENE-EXPRESSION AB The development of a reproducible model system for the study of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has the potential to significantly enhance the study of virus-host interactions and provide future direction for modeling the pathogenesis of HCV. While there are studies describing global gene expression changes associated with HCV infection, changes in the proteome have not been characterized. We report the first large-scale proteome analysis of the highly permissive Huh-7.5 cell line containing a full-length HCV replicon. We detected >41,200 proteins in this cell line, including HCV replicon proteins, using multidimensional liquid chromatographic (LC) separations coupled to mass spectrometry. Consistent with the literature, a comparison of HCV repliconpositive and -negative Huh-7.5 cells identified expression changes of proteins involved in lipid metabolism. We extended these analyses to liver biopsy material from HCV-infected patients where a total of > 1,500 proteins were detected from only 2 mu g of liver biopsy protein digest using the Huh-7.5 protein database and the accurate mass and time tag strategy. These findings demonstrate the utility of multidimensional proteome analysis of the HCV replicon model system for assisting in the determination of proteins/pathways affected by HCV infection. Our ability to extend these analyses to the highly complex proteome of small liver biopsies with limiting protein yields offers the unique opportunity to begin evaluating the clinical significance of protein expression changes associated with HCV infection. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Hepatol Sect, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Washington Primate Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Katze, MG (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Box 358070, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM honey@u.washington.edu RI Qian, Weijun/C-6167-2011; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Stastna, Miroslava/G-9266-2014 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR018522, RR018522]; NIDA NIH HHS [1P30DA01562501]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK056388, R01DK056388] NR 58 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 79 IS 12 BP 7558 EP 7569 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.12.7558-7569.2005 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 930LA UT WOS:000229416100029 PM 15919910 ER PT J AU Kyrala, GA Delamater, N Wilson, D Guzik, J Haynes, D Gunderson, M Klare, K Watt, RW Wood, WM Varnum, W AF Kyrala, GA Delamater, N Wilson, D Guzik, J Haynes, D Gunderson, M Klare, K Watt, RW Wood, WM Varnum, W TI Direct drive double shell target implosion hydrodynamics on OMEGA SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th European Conference on Laser Interation with Matter (ECLIM 04) CY SEP 06-10, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY DE double shell; ICF; ignition; X-ray imaging ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; LASER; PERFORMANCE; PROGRESS; DESIGNS AB Imploding indirect-drive double shell targets may provide an alternative, non-cryogenic path to ignition at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). Experiments are being pursued at OMEGA to understand the hydrodynamics of these implosions and the possibility of scaling it to the NIF design. We have used 40 beams from the OMEGA laser to directly drive the capsules, and we have used the remaining 20 beams to backlight the imploding shells from two different directions at multiple times. We will review the recent experiments to measure the hydrodynamics of the targets using two-view X-ray radiography of the capsules. We will present data on measured yields from the targets. We will present a measured time history of the hydrodynamics of the implosion. Experiments were pursued using direct drive in which the M-band effect (experienced in the indirect drive experiments) could be eliminated or controlled. It was learned in the direct drive experiments that the best performing capsules were those that had a thin outer layer of gold. This effectively causes M-band pre-heat effects giving implosion hydrodynamics and performance closer to the indirect drive case. We will review the methods used to radiograph the targets and the techniques used to extract useful information to compare with calculations. The effect of imperfections in the target construction will be shown to be minimal during the initial stage of implosion. The yields from the targets were observed to be uniformly low compared to indirect-drive. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kyrala, GA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kyraia@lanl.gov NR 21 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD JUN PY 2005 VL 23 IS 2 BP 187 EP 192 DI 10.1017/S0263034605050330 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 936IS UT WOS:000229849300012 ER PT J AU Zholents, AA AF Zholents, AA TI Attosecond X-ray pulses from free-electron lasers SO LASER PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FEL SIMULATION CODE; PARAMETRIC-AMPLIFIER; GENERATION; PHASE AB We compare several proposals for a generation of solitary attosecond pulses using two types of free-electron lasers, which are envisioned as future light sources for studies of ultrafast dynamics using soft and hard X-rays. All of these proposals can be realized with relatively modest additions to a primary facility. Except for the first proposal, all of the proposals employ interaction of electrons with a few-cycle laser pulse with a carrier-envelope phase stabilization in a short wiggler magnet consisting of just one or two periods. This interaction plays a key role in the eventual generation of attosecond X-ray pulses with free-electron lasers. It also links the attosecond X-ray pulse to the laser pulse, thus providing an opportunity for accurate synchronization between the laser pump pulse and the X-ray probe pulse for pump-probe experiments. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zholents, AA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM AAZholents@lbl.gov NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERPERIODICA PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 1831, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35201-1831 USA SN 1054-660X J9 LASER PHYS JI Laser Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 6 BP 855 EP 862 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 941UV UT WOS:000230240600013 ER PT J AU Ding, F Prints, Y Dhar, MS Johnson, DK Garnacho-Montero, C Nicholls, RD Francke, U AF Ding, F Prints, Y Dhar, MS Johnson, DK Garnacho-Montero, C Nicholls, RD Francke, U TI Lack of Pwcr1/MBII-85 snoRNA is critical for neonatal lethality in Prader-Willi syndrome mouse models SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID SMALL NUCLEOLAR RNA; DILUTION P LOCUS; ANGELMAN-SYNDROMES; DELETION; GENE; MUTATIONS; ORGANIZATION; REGION; BRAIN; SNRPN AB Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a neurobehavioral disorder caused by the lack of paternal expression of imprinted genes in the human chromosome region 15q11-13. Recent studies of rare human translocation patients narrowed the PWS critical genes to a 121-kb region containing PWCR1/HBH-85 and HBII-438 snoRNA genes. The existing mouse models of PWS that lack the expression of multiple genes, including Snrpn, Ube3a, and many intronic snoRNA genes, are characterized by 80%-100% neonatal lethality. To define the candidate region for PWS-like phenotypes in mice, we analyzed the expression of several genetic elements in mice carrying the large radiation-induced P-30PUb deletion that includes the p locus. Mice having inherited this deletion from either parent develop normally into adulthood. By Northern blot and RTPCR assays of brain tissue, we found that Pwcr1/ MBII-85 snoRNAs are expressed normally, while MBII-52 snoRNAs are not expressed when the deletion is paternally inherited. Mapping of the distal deletion breakpoint indicated that the p30(PUB) deletion includes the entire MBII-52 snoRNA gene cluster and three previously unmapped EST sequences. The lack of expression of these elements in mice with a paternal p 30(PUb) deletion indicates that they are not critical for the neonatal lethality observed in PWS mouse models. In addition, we identified MBII-436, the mouse homolog of the HBII-436 snoRNA, confirmed its imprinting status, and mapped it outside of the P-30PUb deletion. Taking together all available data, we conclude that the lack of Pwcr1/MBII-85 snoRNA expression is the most likely cause for the neonatal lethality in PWS model mice. C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Beckman Ctr Mol & Genet Med, Dept Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Nutr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Penn, Ctr Neurobiol & Behav, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Ctr Neurobiol & Behav, Dept Genet, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Francke, U (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Beckman Ctr Mol & Genet Med, Dept Genet, 279 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM ufrancke@stanford.edu RI Ding, Feng/E-5112-2012; Garnacho, Carmen/F-3327-2016 OI Garnacho, Carmen/0000-0003-3399-0963 FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD 41623] NR 17 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD JUN PY 2005 VL 16 IS 6 BP 424 EP 431 DI 10.1007/s00335-005-2460-2 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 947JP UT WOS:000230639900004 PM 16075369 ER PT J AU Keblinski, P Eastman, JA Cahill, DG AF Keblinski, Pawel Eastman, Jeffrey A. Cahill, David G. TI Nanofluids for thermal transport SO MATERIALS TODAY LA English DT Article AB Nanofluids, i.e. fluid suspensions of nanometer-sized solid particles and fibers, have been proposed as a route for surpassing the performance of heat transfer liquids currently available. Recent experiments on nanofluids have indicated significant increases in thermal conductivity compared with liquids without nanoparticles or larger particles, strong temperature dependence of thermal conductivity, and significant increases in critical heat flux in boiling heat transfer. Some of the experimental results are controversial, e. g. the extent of thermal conductivity enhancement sometimes greatly exceeds the predictions of well-established theories. So, if these exciting results on nanofluids can be confirmed in future systematic experiments, new theoretical descriptions may be needed to account properly for the unique features of nanofluids, such as high particle mobility and large surface-to-volume ratio. C1 [Keblinski, Pawel] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Eastman, Jeffrey A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Cahill, David G.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Cahill, David G.] Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Keblinski, P (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, 110 8th St,MRC115, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM keblip@rpi.edu; jeastman@anl.gov; d-cahill@uiuc.edu RI Cahill, David/B-3495-2014; Eastman, Jeffrey/E-4380-2011; OI Eastman, Jeff/0000-0002-0847-4265 FU US Department of Energy (DOE), Basic Energy Sciences-Materials Sciences [W-31-109-ENG-38]; DOE [DEFG02-01ER45938, DE-FG02-04ER46104] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Basic Energy Sciences-Materials Sciences, under contract no. W-31-109-ENG-38, and DOE grants DEFG02-01ER45938 and DE-FG02-04ER46104. We thank Yee Kan Koh for help in preparing Fig. 2. NR 50 TC 388 Z9 407 U1 6 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-7021 J9 MATER TODAY JI Mater. Today PD JUN PY 2005 VL 8 IS 6 BP 36 EP 44 DI 10.1016/S1369-7021(05)70936-6 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA V29ZB UT WOS:000208785200023 ER PT J AU Del Valle, S Hethcote, H Hyman, JM Castillo-Chavez, C AF Del Valle, S Hethcote, H Hyman, JM Castillo-Chavez, C TI Effects of behavioral changes in a smallpox attack model SO MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE smallpox; mathematical model; behavioral changes; vaccination; isolation; quarantine; sensitivity analysis ID POSTEXPOSURE VACCINATION; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; HONG-KONG; OUTBREAK; SARS; BIOTERRORISM; PREVENTION; RESPONSES; THREAT AB The impact of individual and community behavioral changes in response to an outbreak of a disease with high mortality is often not appreciated. Response strategies to a smallpox bioterrorist attack have focused on interventions such as isolation of infectives, contact tracing, quarantine of contacts, ring vaccination, and mass vaccination. We formulate and analyze a mathematical model in which some individuals lower their daily contact activity rates once an epidemic has been identified in a community. Transmission parameters are estimated from data and an expression is derived for the effective reproduction number. We use computer simulations to analyze the effects of behavior change alone and in combination with other control measures. We demonstrate that the spread of the disease is highly sensitive to how rapidly people reduce their contact activity rates and to the precautions that the population takes to reduce the transmission of the disease. Even gradual and mild behavioral changes can have a dramatic impact in slowing an epidemic. When behavioral changes are combined with other interventions, the epidemic is shortened and the number of smallpox cases is reduced. We conclude that for simulations of a smallpox outbreak to be useful, they must consider the impact of behavioral changes. This is especially true if the model predictions are being used to guide public health policy. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Math Modeling & Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Appl Math & Computat Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Biol Stat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Del Valle, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sara@cnls.lanl.gov RI Castillo-Chavez, Carlos/E-1412-2014 OI Castillo-Chavez, Carlos/0000-0002-1046-3901 NR 41 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0025-5564 J9 MATH BIOSCI JI Math. Biosci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 195 IS 2 BP 228 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.mbs.2005.03.006 PG 24 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 938ZH UT WOS:000230041400008 PM 15913667 ER PT J AU Leyffer, S More, J AF Leyffer, S More, J TI Foreword: Special issue on deterministic global optimization and applications SO MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Leyffer, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM leyffer@mcs.anl.gov; more@mcs.anl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-5610 J9 MATH PROGRAM JI Math. Program. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 103 IS 2 BP 203 EP 205 DI 10.1007/s10107-005-0579-2 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 931RQ UT WOS:000229503200001 ER PT J AU Hu, JC Tam, K Qi, JY AF Hu, JC Tam, K Qi, JY TI An approximate short scan helical FDK cone beam algorithm based on nutating curved surfaces satisfying the Tuy's condition SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cone beam; short scan; helical CT; image reconstruction ID FILTERED-BACKPROJECTION ALGORITHM; LONG-OBJECT PROBLEM; SPIRAL CT; IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; INVERSION ALGORITHM; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; PI-LINES; SCHEME AB Traditionally, short scan helical FDK algorithms have been implemented based on horizontal transaxial slices. However, not every point on the horizontal transaxial slice satisfies Tuy's condition for the corresponding (pi + fan angle) segment of helix, which means that some points on the horizontal slices are incompletely sampled and are impossible to be exactly reconstructed. In this paper, we propose and implement an improved but still approximate short scan helical cone beam FDK algorithm based on nutating curved surfaces satisfying the Tuy's condition. This surface is defined by averaging PI surfaces emanating the initial and final source points of a (pi + fan angle) segment of helix. One of the key characteristics of the surface is that every point on it satisfies the Tuy's condition for the corresponding (pi + fan angle) segment of helix, which means that we can potentially reconstruct every point on the surface exactly. This difference makes the proposed algorithm deliver a better-reconstructed image quality while requiring a smaller detector area than that of traditional FDK methods based on horizontal transaxial slices. Another characteristic of the proposed surface is that every point within the helix belongs to one and only one such surface. Therefore, the location of the short scan segment for the reconstruction of a point in Cartesian coordinate could be precalculated and stored in a look-up table. This enables us to perform reconstruction directly on rectangular grids. We compare the performance of the improved FDK algorithm with that of a quasi-exact algorithm based on data combination technique. The simulation results show that the reconstructed image quality of these two methods is similar. (c) 2005 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Nucl Med & Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tam Inc, Edison, NJ 08820 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biomed Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hu, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Nucl Med & Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jhu2@lbl.gov RI Qi, Jinyi/A-1768-2010 OI Qi, Jinyi/0000-0002-5428-0322 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB000194-01A1, R01 EB00194, R01 EB000194] NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1529 EP 1536 DI 10.1118/1.1916077 PG 8 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 937EY UT WOS:000229908600011 PM 16013710 ER PT J AU Dauffy, LS Braby, LA Berner, BM AF Dauffy, LS Braby, LA Berner, BM TI Dosimetry of the Au-198 source used in interstitial brachytherapy SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE brachytherapy; Au-198; TG-43; TG-43U1; dosimetry; thermoluminescent dosimeters ID DOSE-RATE BRACHYTHERAPY; MONTE-CARLO CALCULATIONS; AIR-KERMA STRENGTH; RATE IR-192 SOURCE; I-125 SOURCE; PD-103; TLD; RECOMMENDATIONS; DISTRIBUTIONS; PARAMETERS AB The American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group 43 reports, AAPM TG-43 and its update TG-43U1, provide an analytical model and a dosimetry protocol for brachytherapy dose calculations, as well as documentation and results for some sealed sources. The radionuclide Au-198 (T-1/2=2.70 days, E gamma=412 keV) has been used in the form of seeds for brachytherapy treatments including brain, eye, and prostate tumors. However, TG-43 reports have no data for Au-198 seeds, and none have previously been obtained. For that reason, and because of the conversion of most treatment planning systems to TG-43 based methods, both Monte Carlo calculations (MCNP 4C2) and thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) are used in this work to determine these data. The geometric variation in dose is measured using an array of TLDs in a solid water phantom, and the seed activity is determined using a high purity germanium detector (HPGe) and a well ionization chamber. The results for air kerma strength, S-k, per unit apparent activity, are 2.063 (MCNP) and 2.089 (measured) U mCi(-1), values close to those published in 1991 in the AAPM Task Group 32 report. The dose rate constant, A, is found equal to 1.115 (MCNP) and 1.095 (measured) cGy h(-1) U-1. The radial dose function, g(r), anisotropy function, F(r, theta), and anisotropy factor, are also given. (c) 2005 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Radiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Dauffy, LS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1579 EP 1588 DI 10.1118/1.1924347 PG 10 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 937EY UT WOS:000229908600018 PM 16013717 ER PT J AU Lehmann, J Stern, R Goldberg, Z AF Lehmann, J Stern, R Goldberg, Z TI Performance of two commercial MOSFET systems at low doses in and out of field SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine CY JUL 24-28, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Canc, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 32 IS 6 BP 2007 EP 2007 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 937EY UT WOS:000229908600547 ER PT J AU Aydogan, B Bolch, WE Swarts, SG Turner, JE Marshall, DT AF Aydogan, B Bolch, WE Swarts, SG Turner, JE Marshall, DT TI A Monte Carlo model to simulate single and double strand breaks in DNA molecules SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine CY JUL 24-28, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med C1 Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. Syracuse Res Corp, Syracuse, NY USA. ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 32 IS 6 BP 2010 EP 2010 DI 10.1118/1.1997990 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 937EY UT WOS:000229908600561 ER PT J AU Metin, E Inal, OT Romig, AD AF Metin, E Inal, OT Romig, AD TI Solutions to multiphase diffusion in binary metal interstitial systems SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SQUARE ROOT DIFFUSIVITY; ALPHA-ZIRCONIUM; DEGREES C; GROWTH; OXYGEN; PHASE; TITANIUM; KINETICS; ALLOYS; MOTION AB General analytical expressions for multiphase diffusion under nonsteady-state conditions, which treats the special degenerative case of steady-state diffusion, are developed. The validity of these solutions is examined by application to multiphase layer growth in the Zr-0 and Fe-N systems. The analytical solutions examined include closed-form error function solutions and steady-state approximations to the solutions developed by Wagner. The solutions are general and can accommodate solubility ranges in all phase layers as well as terminal solubilities in the end member phases of the diffusion couple. In diffusion couples where the end member phases have finite, terminal solubilities and where these terminal phases have diffusivities greater than in the intermediate phases (which is common in many metal-interstitial phases), closed-form error function solutions are particularly useful in determining chemical diffusivities from simple intermediate phase layer growth measurements. C1 Petr Ind Assoc, TR-34742 Istanbul, Turkey. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Metin, E (reprint author), Petr Ind Assoc, TR-34742 Istanbul, Turkey. EM adromig@sandia.gov NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 36A IS 6 BP 1407 EP 1415 DI 10.1007/s11661-005-0233-x PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 932EM UT WOS:000229537000003 ER PT J AU Peralta, P Swift, D Loomis, E Lim, CH McClellan, KJ AF Peralta, P Swift, D Loomis, E Lim, CH McClellan, KJ TI Deformation and fracture in laser-shocked NiAl single crystals and bicrystals SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; COMPRESSION; PLASTICITY; METALS; COPPER; WAVES AB Oriented single crystals and a [3 4 55]/[5 7 17] random bicrystal were used to study dynamic behavior in NiAl due to laser-driven shocks at moderate pressures (3 to 20 GPa). Disks 5 mm in diameter and 100- to 400-μ m thick were tested at the TRIDENT facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). Particle velocities were measured using laser velocimetry, which showed that shock-speed variations with orientation in monocrystals were consistent with anisotropic elasticity predictions, whereas the bicrystal showed spatial and temporal variations in the velocity field due to the grain boundary. The shocks displayed strong elastic precursors at the free surface, which agrees with transmission electron microscopy observations of a low dislocation density in < 100> and < 111> monocrystals and in the [5 7 17] grain of the bicrystal. The latter developed a damage zone in the [3 4 55] grain, with cracking and slip present close to the boundary. Orientation-imaging microscopy showed that the boundary produced in-plane misorientation gradients in the bicrystal and that all specimens developed through-thickness lattice rotations, which were more pronounced for the < 111> and < 110> loading axes. High rotations occurred within 20 μ m of the shocked surface and decreased toward the bulk, indicating a fast decay of the plastic shock wave, which explains the strong elastic precursors observed. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Peralta, P (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM pperalta@asu.edu NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 14 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 36A IS 6 BP 1459 EP 1469 DI 10.1007/s11661-005-0238-5 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 932EM UT WOS:000229537000008 ER PT J AU Xue, Q Gray, GT Henrie, BL Maloy, SA Chen, SR AF Xue, Q Gray, GT Henrie, BL Maloy, SA Chen, SR TI Influence of shock prestraining on the formation of shear localization in 304 stainless steel SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STAINLESS-STEEL; HIGH-STRAIN; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; TENSILE PROPERTIES; CREEP-BEHAVIOR; BAND FORMATION; MILD-STEEL; PRE-STRAIN; RECRYSTALLIZATION; COPPER AB Adiabatic shear localization was studied in both annealed (as-received) and shock-prestrained 304 stainless steels (304 SS). A forced shear technique was used to probe the evolution of shear localization under high-strain-rate loading using a compression split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) and hat-shaped specimens. The shearing responses of the shock-prestrained steel at high strain rate indicate that they exhibit a higher initial yield strength but a lower work-hardening rates than those observed in the annealed steel. The shock-prestrained specimens, having achieved an unstable condition at a smaller plastic displacement and a lower flow stress, were seen to exhibit distinct sharp-edged bands. Corresponding comparisons between the mechanical responses and the deformed microstructures demonstrate that loading-path dependency exerts a strong influence on shear-band formation. The shock-prestrained 304 SS displayed a higher incidence of deformation twins, slip bands, and dislocation debris prior to the shear tests; this substructure suppressed further dislocation storage (work hardening) and thereby facilitated the propensity for shear localization. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM qxue@lanl.gov RI Maloy, Stuart/A-8672-2009 OI Maloy, Stuart/0000-0001-8037-1319 NR 51 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 36A IS 6 BP 1471 EP 1486 DI 10.1007/s11661-005-0239-4 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 932EM UT WOS:000229537000009 ER PT J AU Ludwig, O Dimichiel, M Salvo, L Suery, M Falus, P AF Ludwig, O Dimichiel, M Salvo, L Suery, M Falus, P TI In-situ three-dimensional microstructural investigation of solidification of an Al-Cu alloy by ultrafast X-ray microtomography SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DENDRITIC MICROSTRUCTURES; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; FRACTION; 3D; TOMOGRAPHY; KINETICS; GROWTH; PHASE AB This article presents the first results of a new experimental technique developed to investigate the evolution of the morphology of the solid and liquid phases during the solidification of a metallic alloy. It consists of ultrafast X-ray microtomography observations of a solidifying aluminum-copper alloy carried out at ESRF. These experiments allow investigating in-situ the formation of the casting microstructure and of the evolution of the morphology of the solid and the liquid phases. It allows also the in-situ determination of the solidification path, of the variation of the copper content in both the liquid and solid phases, and of some other characteristic parameters of the microstructure. Provided that some forthcoming technical improvements on the experimental setup are performed, more quantitative results can be obtained as well as better image quality and resolution. C1 Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38000 Grenoble, France. Inst Natl Polytech Grenoble, F-38409 St Martin Dheres, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ludwig, O (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM michel.suery@gpm2.inpg.fr NR 39 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 20 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 36A IS 6 BP 1515 EP 1523 DI 10.1007/s11661-005-0243-8 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 932EM UT WOS:000229537000013 ER PT J AU ReVelle, DO Edwards, W Sandoval, TD AF ReVelle, DO Edwards, W Sandoval, TD TI Genesis - An artificial, low velocity "meteor" fall and recovery: September 8, 2004 SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERE; MODEL AB On September 8, 2004, Genesis, a manmade space capsule, plummeted to Earth after almost three years in space. A ground-based infrasound array was deployed to Wendover, Nevada, to measure the "hypersonic boom" from the reentry, since the expected initial reentry speed of the body was about 11 km/sec. Due to the complete failure of its dual parachute system, we had a unique opportunity to assess the degree of reliability of our previously developed relations for natural meteors and bolides to analyze this well-characterized manmade body. At similar to 20-50 km from the nominal trajectory, we succeeded in recording over two minutes of infrasonic signals from Genesis. Here we report on subsequent analyses of these infrasonic data, including an assessment of the expected entry characteristics on the basis of a bolide/meteor/fireball entry model specifically adapted to modeling reentering manmade objects. From these simulations, we were able to evaluate the line source blast wave relaxation radius, the differential acoustic efficiency, etc., to compute an approximate total power balance during entry. Next, we analyzed the detailed signals arriving from Genesis using a numerical, signal detection and wave processing software package (Matseis/ Infra-Tool). We established the initial and subsequent arrivals and evaluated its plane wave back azimuths and elevation arrival angles and the degree of maximum, pair-wise cross-correlation, its power spectrum, spectrogram analysis, standard seismic f-k analysis, etc. From the associated entry parameters, we computed the kinetic energy density conservation properties for the propagating line source blast waves and compared these predictions against observed ground-based infrasound amplitude and wave period data as a function of range. We discovered that previously computed differential acoustic efficiencies were unreliable at Mach numbers below about 10. This is because we had assumed that a line source explosion was applicable, whereas at very low Mach numbers, typical of recovered meteorites, the detailed source characteristics are closer to those of supersonic objects. When corrections for these unphysical, very high efficiencies were made, agreement between theory and observations improved. We also made an assessment for the energy of the blast wave source from the ground-based infrasound data using several other techniques that were also adapted from previous bolide studies. Finally, we made a top-down-bottom-up assessment of the line source wave normals propagating via refraction downward into the complex middle atmospheric environment. This assessment proved to be generally consistent with the digital signal processing analysis and with the observed time delay between the known Genesis reentry and the infrasonic observations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM revelle@lanl.gov NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 40 IS 6 BP 895 EP 916 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 963OF UT WOS:000231812900008 ER PT J AU Hollberg, L Diddams, S Bartels, A Fortier, T Kim, K AF Hollberg, L Diddams, S Bartels, A Fortier, T Kim, K TI The measurement of optical frequencies SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Review ID TI-SAPPHIRE LASER; MODE-LOCKED LASER; HE-NE-LASER; ENVELOPE-OFFSET FREQUENCY; POLED LITHIUM-NIOBATE; BROAD-BAND CONTINUUM; CR-FORSTERITE LASER; ABSOLUTE-FREQUENCY; FEMTOSECOND-LASER; COMB GENERATION AB Surprising as it might seem, it is possible to phase-coherently track, synthesize, count and divide optical frequencies of visible laser sources. In essence, the technologies described here now allow direct connection of basically any frequency from DC to 1000 THz. Modern 'self-referenced' feratosecond mode-locked lasers have enormously simplified the required technology. These revolutionary new systems build on a long history of optical frequency metrology that spans from the early days of the laser. The latest systems rely heavily on technologies previously developed for laser frequency stabilization, optical phase-locked-loops, nonlinear mixing, ultra-fast optics and precision opto-electronic metrology. Using examples we summarize some of the heroic efforts that led to the successful development of harmonic optical frequency chains. Those systems played critical roles in defining the speed of light and in redefining the metre. We then describe the present state-of-the-art technology in feratosecond laser frequency combs, their extraordinary performance capabilities and some of the latest results. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Gigaopt GmbH, D-78462 Constance, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div P 23, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hollberg, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Bartels, Albrecht/B-3456-2009; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 189 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD JUN PY 2005 VL 42 IS 3 SI SI BP S105 EP S124 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/42/3/S12 PG 20 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 947OB UT WOS:000230654500013 ER PT J AU Rashkeev, SN van Benthem, K Pantelides, ST Pennycook, SJ AF Rashkeev, SN van Benthem, K Pantelides, ST Pennycook, SJ TI Single Hf atoms inside the ultrathin SiO2 interlayer between a HfO2 dielectric film and the Si substrate: How do they modify the interface? SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Biennial Conference on Insulating Films on Semiconductors CY JUN 22-24, 2005 CL Univ Leuven, Dept Psychol, Leuven, BELGIUM SP IMEC, IEEE, Elect Devices Soc, ECS, Philips, ST, AIXTRON, Tokyo Elect, KEITHLEY HO Univ Leuven, Dept Psychol DE alternative dielectrics; hafnium oxide; leakage current; scanning transmission electron microscopy ID ENERGY; APPROXIMATION AB We show that individual Hf atoms may get incorporated into the SiO2 interlayer which is formed between the HfO2 dielectric film and the Si substrate during rapid thermal annealing. We report atomically-resolved Z-contrast images of a Si/SiO2/HfO2 structure together with first-principles calculations which demonstrate that single Hf atoms are in fact present in the interlayer. The location of individual Hf atoms within the interlayer oxide is closely related to the structure of the amorphous oxide near the Si/SiO2, interface. The Hf defects may affect channel mobility and leakage currents in the HfO2/Si electronic devices. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Rashkeev, SN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM rashkesn@ornl.gov NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9317 J9 MICROELECTRON ENG JI Microelectron. Eng. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 80 BP 416 EP 419 DI 10.1016/j.mee.2005.04.030 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA 959KQ UT WOS:000231517000091 ER PT J AU Manghnani, MH Amulele, G Smyth, JR Holl, CM Chen, G Prakapenka, V Frost, DJ AF Manghnani, MH Amulele, G Smyth, JR Holl, CM Chen, G Prakapenka, V Frost, DJ TI Equation of state of hydrous Fo(90) ringwoodite to 45 GPa by synchrotron powder diffraction SO MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Proton-Mediated Interactionsl in Minerals CY SEP, 2004 CL Univ Manchester, Manchester, ENGLAND SP Mineralog Soc Great Britain & Ireland, Mineral Phys Grp HO Univ Manchester DE equation of state; ringwoodite; synchrotron; Birch-Murnaghan equation ID HIGH-PRESSURE; EARTHS INTERIOR; GAMMA-PHASE; WATER; MANTLE; BETA-MG2SIO4; ELASTICITY; DISORDER; MG2SIO4; OCEAN AB The equation of state of Fo(90) hydrous ringwoodite has been measured using X-ray powder diffraction to 45 GPa at the GSECARS beam line at the Advanced Photon Source synchrotron at Argonne National Laboratory. The sample was synthesized at 1400 degrees C and 20 GPa in the 5000 ton multi anvil press at Bayerisches Geoinstitut in Bayreuth. The sample has the formula Mg1.70Fe0.192+Fe0.023+H0.13-Si1.00O4 as determined by electron microprobe, Fourier transform infrared and Mossbauer spectrescopies, and contains similar to 0.79% H2O by weight. Compression of the sample had been been measured previously to I I GPa by single crystal X-ray diffraction. A third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state fit to all of the data gives V-0 = 530.49 +/- 0.07 angstrom(3), K-0 = 174.6 +/- 2.7 GPa and K' = 6.2 +/- 0.6. The effect of 1% H incorporation in the structure on the bulk modulus is large and roughly equivalent to an increase in the temperature of similar to 600 degrees C at low pressure. The large value of K' indicates significant stiffening of the sample with pressure so that the effect of hydration decreases with pressure. C1 Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Chicago, Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Bayreuth, Bayer Geoinst, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. RP Manghnani, MH (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM joseph.smyth@colorado.edu RI Frost, Daniel/B-7526-2016 OI Frost, Daniel/0000-0002-4443-8149 NR 30 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 41 QUEENS GATE, LONDON SW7 5HR, ENGLAND SN 0026-461X J9 MINERAL MAG JI Mineral. Mag. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 69 IS 3 BP 317 EP 323 DI 10.1180/0026461056930253 PG 7 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 954CM UT WOS:000231131700007 ER PT J AU Li, S Beyerlein, IJ AF Li, S Beyerlein, IJ TI Modelling texture evolution in equal channel angular extrusion of bcc materials: effects of processing route and initial texture SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SIMPLE SHEAR; ALPHA-IRON; COPPER; STRAIN; DEFORMATION; SIMULATION; METALS; FLOW AB A modelling investigation of texture evolution in equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) of bcc materials with a 90 degrees die via routes A, BA, Bc and C is performed using a visco-plastic self-consistent model and assuming idealized simple shear deformation at the intersection plane of the die channels. For each route, the effect of initial texture on texture evolution is examined by simulations from a random, sheet or wire initial texture. The characteristic orientation fibres as found in a single pass are also evident in the multi-pass textures, but the orientation distributions along the fibres are more complete in route A than in the other routes. The initial texture effect persists in the cross shear routes, more so in route A than Bc and then BA, up to four to five passes, and afterwards the effect is insignificant and mainly on the texture strength. In route C, however, the initial texture effect remains for every pass studied due to the cyclic shear reversal in every two passes and thus there is retention of the initial texture after even-numbered passes, but as discussed this may not be true in actual ECAE deformation. It is suggested that choice of processing route is the more effective means of controlling texture at a high number of passes. The significance of these texture results is demonstrated by plastic anisotropy seen in texture-based yield loci. The predicted slip activities of the {110} [111] and {112} [111] slip systems are discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Li, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM Saiyi@lanl.gov RI Li, Saiyi/J-3968-2012; Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011 NR 26 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 13 IS 4 BP 509 EP 530 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/13/4/003 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 938XO UT WOS:000230036900003 ER PT J AU Cho, HP Liu, Y Gomez, M Dunlap, J Tyers, M Wang, YS AF Cho, HP Liu, Y Gomez, M Dunlap, J Tyers, M Wang, YS TI The dual-specificity phosphatase CDC14B bundles and stabilizes microtubules SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CULTURED EPITHELIAL-CELLS; CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; CENTRAL SPINDLE; MITOTIC EXIT; AURORA-B; PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE; TUBULIN ACETYLATION; CYCLE PROGRESSION; BINDING DOMAIN AB The Cdc14 dual-specificity phosphatases regulate key events in the eukaryotic cell cycle. However, little is known about the function of mammalian CDC14B family members. Here, we demonstrate that subcellular localization of CDC14B protein is cell cycle regulated. CDC14B can bind, bundle, and stabilize microtubules in vitro independently of its catalytic activity. Basic amino acid residues within the nucleolar targeting domain are important for both retaining CDC14B in the nucleolus and preventing microtubule bundling. Overexpression of CDC14B resulted in the formation of cytoplasmic CDC14B and microtubule bundles in interphase cells. These microtubule bundles were resistant to microtubule depolymerization reagents and enriched in acetylated alpha-tubulin. Expression of cytoplasmic forms of CDC14B impaired microtubule nucleation from the microtubule organization center. CDC14B is thus a novel microtubule-bundling and -stabilizing protein, whose regulated subcellular localization may help modulate spindle and microtubule dynamics in mitosis. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Div Biol, Microscopy Facil, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Mt Sinai Hosp, Samuel Lunenfeld Res Inst, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. RP Wang, YS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM ywa@ornl.gov NR 75 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0270-7306 J9 MOL CELL BIOL JI Mol. Cell. Biol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 25 IS 11 BP 4541 EP 4551 DI 10.1128/MCB.25.11.4541-4551.2005 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 928ME UT WOS:000229275000019 PM 15899858 ER PT J AU Dong, JY Opresko, LK Chrisler, W Orr, G Quesenberry, RD Lauffenburger, DA Wiley, HS AF Dong, JY Opresko, LK Chrisler, W Orr, G Quesenberry, RD Lauffenburger, DA Wiley, HS TI The membrane-anchoring domain of epidermal growth factor receptor ligands dictates their ability to operate in juxtacrine mode SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Article ID MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; CANINE KIDNEY-CELLS; PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS; HEPARIN-BINDING DOMAIN; EGF RECEPTOR; TGF-ALPHA; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; HB-EGF; METALLOPROTEINASE CLEAVAGE AB All ligands of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) are synthesized as membrane-anchored precursors. Previous work has suggested that some ligands, such as EGF, must be proteolytically released to be active, whereas others, such as heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) can function while still anchored to the membrane (i.e., juxtacrine signaling). To explore the structural basis for these differences in ligand activity, we engineered a series of membrane-anchored ligands in which the core, receptor-binding domain of EGF was combined with different domains of both EGF and HB-EGF. We found that ligands having the N-terminal extension of EGF could not bind to the EGFR, even when released from the membrane. Ligands lacking an N-terminal extension, but possessing the membrane-anchoring domain of EGF, still required proteolytic release for activity, whereas ligands with the membrane-anchoring domain of HB-EGF could elicit full biological activity while still membrane anchored. Ligands containing the HB-EGF membrane anchor, but lacking an N-terminal extension, activated EGFR during their transit through the Golgi apparatus. However, cell-mixing experiments and fluorescence resonance energy transfer studies showed that juxtacrine signaling typically occurred in trans at the cell surface, at points of cell-cell contact. Our data suggest that the membrane-anchoring domain of ligands selectively controls their ability to participate in juxtacrine signaling and thus, only a subclass of EGFR ligands can act in a juxtacrine mode. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Pathol, Div Cell Biol & Immunol, Salt Lake City, UT 84133 USA. MIT, Biol Engn Div, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Wiley, HS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM steven.wiley@pnl.gov OI Wiley, Steven/0000-0003-0232-6867 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-62575] NR 73 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD JUN PY 2005 VL 16 IS 6 BP 2984 EP 2998 DI 10.1091/mbc.E04-11-0994 PG 15 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 931EK UT WOS:000229468400034 PM 15829568 ER PT J AU Otero-Arnaiz, A Schnabel, A Glenn, TC Schable, NA Hagen, C Ndong, L AF Otero-Arnaiz, A Schnabel, A Glenn, TC Schable, NA Hagen, C Ndong, L TI Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in the East African tree, Acacia brevispica (Fabaceae : Mimosoideae) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE Acacia; gene flow; genetic structure; molecular markers; PCR; SSR AB We have developed primer pairs for 24 microsatellite loci isolated from Acacia brevispica, which is widespread in woodland savannas of East Africa. The loci were screened for levels of variation using 16-52 individuals from Mpala Research Centre, Kenya. Number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 17, and polymorphic information content ranged from 0.248 to 0.864. Several loci showed the presence null alleles, but many loci will be useful in ongoing studies of genetic structure, gene flow, breeding systems, and natural selection. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Biol Sci, South Bend, IN 46634 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Schnabel, A (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Biol Sci, POB 7111, South Bend, IN 46634 USA. EM aschnabe@iusb.edu RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD JUN PY 2005 VL 5 IS 2 BP 366 EP 368 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.00929.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 934FC UT WOS:000229691300052 ER PT J AU Faircloth, BC Reid, A Valentine, T Eo, SH Terhune, TM Glenn, TC Palmer, WE Nairn, CJ Carroll, JP AF Faircloth, BC Reid, A Valentine, T Eo, SH Terhune, TM Glenn, TC Palmer, WE Nairn, CJ Carroll, JP TI Tetranucleotide, trinucleotide, and dinucleotide loci from the bobcat (Lynx rufus) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE bobcat; dinucleotide repeats; Lynx rufus; microsatellites; primers; SSRs; tetranucleotide repeats; trinucleotide repeats AB We describe primers and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conditions to amplify four dinucleotide, one trinucleotide, and three tetranucleotide microsatellite DNA loci from the bobcat (Lynx rufus). The primers were tested on 22 individuals collected from a population located within Southwestern Georgia (USA). The primer pairs developed in this study yielded an average of 7.4 alleles per locus (range four to 10), an average observed heterozygosity of 0.60 (range 0.40 to 0.76), and an average polymorphic information content of 0.70 (range 0.51 to 0.78). C1 Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Tall Timbers Res Stn, Tallahassee, FL 32312 USA. RP Faircloth, BC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM brant@uga.edu RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008; OI Faircloth, Brant/0000-0002-1943-0217 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD JUN PY 2005 VL 5 IS 2 BP 387 EP 389 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.00936.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 934FC UT WOS:000229691300059 ER PT J AU Barcons, X Paerels, FBS Carrera, FJ Ceballos, MT Sako, M AF Barcons, X Paerels, FBS Carrera, FJ Ceballos, MT Sako, M TI Tentative detection of warm intervening gas towards PKS 0548-322 with XMM-Newton SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE techniques : spectroscopic; galaxies : active; X-rays : galaxies ID X-RAY FOREST; HOT INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; LY-ALPHA ABSORPTION; BL-LACERTAE OBJECT; CHANDRA DETECTION; SPECTRA; BARYONS AB We present the results of a long (similar to 93 ks) XMM-Newton observation of the bright BL-Lac object PKS 0548-322 (z = 0.069). Our Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) spectrum shows a single absorption feature at an observed wavelength. = 23.33 +/- 0.01 angstrom, which we interpret as O vi K alpha absorption at z = 0.058, i.e. similar to 3000 km s(-1) from the background object. The observed equivalent width of the absorption line, similar to 30 m angstrom, coupled with the lack of the corresponding absorption edge in the EPIC pn data, implies a column density of N-OVI similar to x 10(16) cm(-2) and turbulence with a Doppler velocity parameter b > 100 km s(-1). Within the limitations of our RGS spectrum, no OVII or O V K alpha absorption are detected. Under the assumption of ionization equilibrium by both collisions and the extragalactic background, this is only marginally consistent if the gas temperature is similar to 2.5 x 105 K, with significantly lower or higher values being excluded by our limits on O V or O VII. If confirmed, this would be the first X-ray detection of a large amount of intervening warm absorbing gas through O VI absorption. The existence of such a high column density absorber, much stronger than any previously detected one in O VI, would place stringent constraints on the large-scale distribution of baryonic gas in the Universe. C1 CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, UC, Santander 39005, Spain. Columbia Univ, Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, UC, Santander 39005, Spain. EM barcons@ifca.unican.es RI Barcons, Xavier/L-3335-2014; Ceballos, Maria Teresa/K-9140-2014 OI Barcons, Xavier/0000-0003-1081-8861; Ceballos, Maria Teresa/0000-0001-6074-3621 NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 359 IS 4 BP 1549 EP 1556 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.08993.x PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 933NQ UT WOS:000229640600030 ER PT J AU Stevens, B Moeng, CH Ackerman, AS Bretherton, CS Chlond, A De Roode, S Edwards, J Golaz, JC Jiang, HL Khairoutdinov, M Kirkpatrick, MP Lewellen, DC Lock, A Muller, F Stevens, DE Whelan, E Zhu, P AF Stevens, B Moeng, CH Ackerman, AS Bretherton, CS Chlond, A De Roode, S Edwards, J Golaz, JC Jiang, HL Khairoutdinov, M Kirkpatrick, MP Lewellen, DC Lock, A Muller, F Stevens, DE Whelan, E Zhu, P TI Evaluation of large-Eddy simulations via observations of nocturnal marine stratocumulus SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TOP ENTRAINMENT INSTABILITY; BOUNDARY-LAYERS; ADVECTION SCHEME; MIXED LAYERS; NUMERICAL-MODELS; STRONG INVERSION; TURBULENT-FLOW; CLOUD; PARAMETERIZATION; SENSITIVITIES AB Data from the first research flight (RF01) of the second Dynamics and Chemistry of Marine Stratocumulus (DYCOMS-II) field study are used to evaluate the fidelity with which large-eddy simulations (LESs) can represent the turbulent structure of stratocumulus-topped boundary layers. The initial data and forcings for this case placed it in an interesting part of parameter space, near the boundary where cloud-top mixing is thought to render the cloud layer unstable on the one hand, or tending toward a decoupled structure on the other hand. The basis of this evaluation consists of sixteen 4-h simulations from 10 modeling centers over grids whose vertical spacing was 5 m at the cloud-top interface and whose horizontal spacing was 35 m. Extensive sensitivity studies of both the configuration of the case and the numerical setup also enhanced the analysis. Overall it was found that (i) if efforts are made to reduce spurious mixing at cloud top, either by refining the vertical grid or limiting the effects of the subgrid model in this region, then the observed turbulent and thermodynamic structure of the layer can be reproduced with some fidelity; (ii) the base, or native configuration of most simulations greatly overestimated mixing at cloud top, tending toward a decoupled layer in which cloud liquid water path and turbulent intensities were grossly underestimated; (iii) the sensitivity of the simulations to the representation of mixing at cloud top is, to a certain extent, amplified by particulars of this case. Overall the results suggest that the use of LESs to map out the behavior of the stratocumulus-topped boundary layer in this interesting region of parameter space requires a more compelling representation of processes at cloud top. In the absence of significant leaps in the understanding of subgrid-scale (SGS) physics, such a representation can only be achieved by a significant refinement in resolution-a refinement that, while conceivable given existing resources, is probably still beyond the reach of most centers. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. IBM Business Consulting Serv, Boulder, CO USA. CNR, Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Tasmania, Sch Engn, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. W Virginia Univ, MAE Dept, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Stevens, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 405 Hilgard Ave,Box 951565, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM bstevens@atmos.ucla.edu RI Lewellen, David/B-1453-2008; Ackerman, Andrew/D-4433-2012; de Roode, Stephan/J-8611-2012; Stevens, Bjorn/A-1757-2013; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014; Jiang, Hongli/N-3281-2014; OI Ackerman, Andrew/0000-0003-0254-6253; de Roode, Stephan/0000-0003-3217-8009; Stevens, Bjorn/0000-0003-3795-0475; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435; Kirkpatrick, Michael/0000-0002-7157-6440 NR 46 TC 241 Z9 242 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 133 IS 6 BP 1443 EP 1462 DI 10.1175/MWR2930.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 938UD UT WOS:000230028000003 ER PT J AU Demoz, BB Starr, DOC Evans, KD Lare, AR Whiteman, DN Schwemmer, G Ferrare, RA Goldsmith, JEM Bisson, SE AF Demoz, BB Starr, DOC Evans, KD Lare, AR Whiteman, DN Schwemmer, G Ferrare, RA Goldsmith, JEM Bisson, SE TI The cold front of 15 April 1994 over the central United States. Part I: Observations SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC UNDULAR BORE; WATER-VAPOR MEASUREMENTS; INTERNAL GRAVITY-WAVES; RAMAN LIDAR; MORNING GLORY; SOLITARY WAVE; NONLINEAR-WAVES; RADIATION; CLOUD; CARPENTARIA AB Detailed observations of the interactions of a cold front and a dryline over the central United States that led to dramatic undulations in the boundary layer, including an undular bore, are investigated using high-resolution water vapor mixing ratio profiles measured by Raman lidars. The lidar-derived water vapor mixing ratio profiles revealed the complex interaction between a dryline and a cold-frontal system. An elevated, well-mixed, and deep midtropospheric layer, as well as a sharp transition (between 5- and 6-km altitude) to a drier region aloft, was observed. The moisture oscillations due to the undular bore and the mixing of the prefrontal air mass with the cold air at the frontal surface are all well depicted. The enhanced precipitable water vapor and roll clouds, the undulations associated with the bore, the strong vertical circulation and mixing that led to the increase in the depth of the low-level moist layer, and the subsequent lifting of this moist layer by the cold-frontal surface, as well as the feeder flow behind the cold front, are clearly indicated. A synthesis of the Raman lidar-measured water vapor mixing ratio profiles, satellite, radiometer, tower, and Oklahoma Mesonet data indicated that the undular bore was triggered by the approaching cold front and propagated south-southeastward. The observed and calculated bore speeds were in reasonable agreement. Wave-ducting analysis showed that favorable wave-trapping mechanisms existed; a low-level stable layer capped by an inversion, a well-mixed michropospheric layer, and wind curvature from a low-level jet were found. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. L3 Commun Govt Serv Inc, Chantilly, VA USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Demoz, BB (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 912, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM belay.b.demoz@nasa.gov RI Demoz, Belay/N-4130-2014 NR 63 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 133 IS 6 BP 1525 EP 1543 DI 10.1175/MWR2932.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 938UD UT WOS:000230028000007 ER PT J AU Shu, JN Wilson, KR Arrowsmith, AN Ahmed, M Leone, SR AF Shu, JN Wilson, KR Arrowsmith, AN Ahmed, M Leone, SR TI Light scattering of ultrafine silica particles by VUV synchrotron radiation SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MIE SCATTERING; MASS-SPECTROMETER; ULTRAVIOLET AB Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light scattering from ultrafine silica particles is studied with an aerosol instrument recently established at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) in Berkeley. Silica particles, size-selected by a differential mobility analyzer, are introduced into vacuum through a set of aerodynamic lenses to form a particle beam. The scattered photons from the crossing area of the VUV synchrotron beam and particle beam are detected with a rotatable VUV photon detector. The angular distributions of scattered photons (ADSP) originating from 70, 100, 200 nm diameter silica particles are measured with 145.9 and 118.1 nm synchrotron radiation. These angular distributions show strong forward scattering. The measured ADSPs are consistent with simulation of Mie scattering. The refractive indices of silica particles, 2.6 + 1.1i and 1.6 + 0.0001i for 118.1 and 145.9 nm, respectively, are obtained by fitting the measured ADSPs; the least average percentage deviations are 18% and 6%, respectively. The scattered fluxes at widely different wavelengths (visible versus VUV) also exhibit clear size sensitivity. Under comparable experimental conditions of photon fluxes and detection efficiencies, limits of particle size detection of 70 and 250 nm are obtained, respectively, when using 118.1 and 532 nm illumination. As anticipated, VUV scattering is a more sensitive probe for ultrafine particles, which will find application in detection of these ubiquitous species beyond the confines of a laboratory. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Leone, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM srl@berkeley.edu RI Ahmed, Musahid/A-8733-2009 NR 26 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 5 IS 6 BP 1009 EP 1015 DI 10.1021/nl050315i PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 934SY UT WOS:000229729900003 PM 15943434 ER PT J AU Zhang, XF Harley, G De Jonghe, LC AF Zhang, XF Harley, G De Jonghe, LC TI Co-continuous metal-ceramic nanocomposites SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOCRYSTALLINE COPPER; NANOWIRE ARRAYS; ELECTRODEPOSITION; CONDUCTANCE; STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR; ALUMINA; QUANTUM AB A room temperature technique was developed to produce continuous metal nanowires embedded in random nanoporous ceramic skeletons. The synthesis involves preparation of uniform, nanoporous ceramic preforms and subsequent electrochemical metal infiltration at room temperature, so to avoid material incompatibilities frequently encountered in traditional high-temperature liquid metal infiltration. Structure and preliminary evaluations of mechanical and electronic properties of copper/alumina nanocomposites are reported. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, XF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM xfzhang@lbl.gov NR 23 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 5 IS 6 BP 1035 EP 1037 DI 10.1021/nl050379t PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 934SY UT WOS:000229729900007 PM 15943438 ER PT J AU Mueller, AH Petruska, MA Achermann, M Werder, DJ Akhadov, EA Koleske, DD Hoffbauer, MA Klimov, VI AF Mueller, AH Petruska, MA Achermann, M Werder, DJ Akhadov, EA Koleske, DD Hoffbauer, MA Klimov, VI TI Multicolor light-emitting diodes based on semiconductor nanocrystals encapsulated in GaN charge injection layers SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-TRANSFER; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; POLYMER; COMPOSITES; GROWTH; BEAM AB Numerous technologies including solid-state lighting, displays, and traffic signals can benefit from efficient, color-selectable light sources that are driven electrically. Semiconductor nanocrystals are attractive types of chromophores that combine size-controlled emission colors and high emission efficiencies with excellent photostability and chemical flexibility. Applications of nanocrystals in light-emitting technologies, however, have been significantly hindered by difficulties in achieving direct electrical injection of carriers. Here we report the first successful demonstration of electroluminescence from an all-inorganic, nanocrystal-based architecture in which semiconductor nanocrystals are incorporated into a p-n junction formed from GaN injection layers. The critical step in the fabrication of these nanocrystal/GaN hybrid structures is the use of a novel deposition technique, energetic neutral atom beam lithography/epitaxy, that allows for the encapsulation of nanocrystals within a GaN matrix without adversely affecting either the nanocrystal integrity or its luminescence properties. We demonstrate electroluminescence (injection efficiencies of at least 1%) in both single- and two-color regimes using structures comprising either a single monolayer or a bilayer of nanocrystals. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hoffbauer, MA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mhoffbauer@lanl.gov; klimov@lanl.gov RI Achermann, Marc/A-1849-2011 OI Achermann, Marc/0000-0002-3939-9309 NR 18 TC 248 Z9 255 U1 10 U2 68 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 5 IS 6 BP 1039 EP 1044 DI 10.1021/nl050384x PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 934SY UT WOS:000229729900008 PM 15943439 ER PT J AU Liu, SH Tok, JBH Bao, ZN AF Liu, SH Tok, JBH Bao, ZN TI Nanowire lithography: Fabricating controllable electrode gaps using Au-Ag-Au nanowires SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION; METALLIC ELECTRODES; TRANSISTORS; NANOLITHOGRAPHY; CONDUCTANCE; DEPOSITION; SEPARATION; JUNCTIONS; GOLD; WIRE AB A method to fabricate nanowire electrodes possessing controllable gaps is described. The method relies on electrochemical deposition and selective chemical etching or heating to selectively remove the Ag segment of Au-Ag-Au nanowires. Because the thickness of the Ag segment directly dictates the size of the nanogap, the gap width can be easily controlled during the nanowire fabrication process. Herein, we demonstrate gaps with 2 mu m, 100 nm and 20 nm widths via the above-mentioned approaches. In addition, we observed that small gaps (similar to 20 nm) can be formed through annealing Au-Ag-Au nanowires at 200 degrees C in air. Electrical contact between nanowire electrodes and contact pads is studied. Using nanowire electrodes with a 100 nm gap, we subsequently fabricate organic field effect transistors (FETs) with regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene). C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Bao, ZN (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM zbao@stanford.edu NR 26 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 57 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 5 IS 6 BP 1071 EP 1076 DI 10.1021/nl050581w PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 934SY UT WOS:000229729900014 PM 15943445 ER PT J AU Persaud, A Park, SJ Liddle, JA Schenkel, T Bokor, J Rangelow, IW AF Persaud, A Park, SJ Liddle, JA Schenkel, T Bokor, J Rangelow, IW TI Integration of scanning probes and ion beams SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; QUANTUM COMPUTER DEVELOPMENT; SHADOW MASK; SILICON; IMPLANTATION; DEVICES; LITHOGRAPHY; FABRICATION; MICROSCOPY; TOOL AB We report the integration of a scanning force microscope with ion beams. The scanning probe images surface structures non-invasively and aligns the ion beam to regions of interest. The ion beam is transported through a hole in the scanning probe tip. Piezoresistive force sensors allow placement of micromachined cantilevers close to the ion beam lens. Scanning probe imaging and alignment is demonstrated in a vacuum chamber coupled to the ion beam line. Dot arrays are formed by ion implantation in resist layers on silicon samples with dot diameters limited by the hole size in the probe tips of a few hundred nm. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Kassel, Inst Microstruct Technol & Analyt, D-3500 Kassel, Germany. RP Persaud, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM apersaud@lbl.gov RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013; Bokor, Jeffrey/A-2683-2011 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910; NR 29 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 5 IS 6 BP 1087 EP 1091 DI 10.1021/nl0506103 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 934SY UT WOS:000229729900017 PM 15943448 ER PT J AU Yan, XM Contreras, AM Koebel, MM Liddle, JA Somorjai, GA AF Yan, XM Contreras, AM Koebel, MM Liddle, JA Somorjai, GA TI Parallel fabrication of sub-50-nm uniformly sized nanoparticles by deposition through a patterned silicon nitride nanostencil SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; ETHYLENE HYDROGENATION; MASK AB Using low-pressure chemical vapor deposition of silicon dioxide, we have reduced the size of 56-nm features in a silicon nitride membrane, called a stencil, down to 36 nm. Sub-50-nm uniformly sized nanoparticles are fabricated by electron-beam deposition of Pt through the stencil mask. A self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl-1-trichlorosilane was used to reduce Pt clogging of the nanosize holes during deposition as well as to protect the stencil during the postdeposition Pt removal. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that the SAM protects the stencil efficiently during this postdeposition removal of Pt. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM somorjai@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Han, Kyuhee/B-6201-2009; Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 16 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 5 IS 6 BP 1129 EP 1134 DI 10.1021/nl0506812 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 934SY UT WOS:000229729900024 PM 15943455 ER PT J AU Cui, XL Liu, GD Lin, YH AF Cui, Xiaoli Liu, Guodong Lin, Yuehe TI Amperometric biosensors based on carbon paste electrodes modified with nanostructured mixed-valence manganese oxides and glucose oxidase SO NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Biosensors; Glucose; Mixed-valence manganese oxides; Hydrogen peroxide; Carbon paste electrode AB Nanostructured, multivalent, manganese-oxide octahedral molecular sieves (OMS), including cryptomelane-type manganese oxides and todorokite-type manganese oxides, were synthesized and evaluated for chemical sensing and biosensing at low operating potential. Both cryptomelane-type manganese oxides and todorokite-type manganese oxides are nanofibrous crystals with subnanometer open tunnels that provide a unique property for sensing applications. The electrochemical and electrocatalytic performance of OMS for the oxidation of H2O2 have been compared. Both cryptomelane-type manganese oxides and todorokite-type manganese oxides can be used to fabricate sensitive H2O2 sensors. With glucose oxidase (GOx) as an enzyme model, amperometric glucose biosensors are constructed by bulk modification of carbon paste electrodes with GOx as a biocomponent and nanostructured OMS as a mediator. A Nafion thin film was applied as an immobilization/encapsulation and protective layer. The biosensors were evaluated as an amperometric glucose detector at phosphate buffer solution with a pH 7.4 at an operating potential of 0.3 V (vs Ag/AgCl). The biosensor is characterized by a well-reproducible amperometric response, linear signal-to-glucose concentration range up to 3.5 mmol/L and 1.75 mmol/L, and detection limits (S/N = 3) of 0.1 mmol/L and 0.05 mmol/L for todorokite-type manganese oxide and cryptomelane-type manganese oxidemodified electrodes, respectively. The biosensors based on OMS exhibit considerable good reproducibility and stability, and the construction and renewal are simple and inexpensive. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Cui, Xiaoli; Liu, Guodong; Lin, Yuehe] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lin, YH (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM yuehe.lin@pnl.gov FU laboratory-directed research and development program at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research; DOE [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This work is supported by a laboratory-directed research and development program at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). The research described in this article was performed at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a national scientific user facility sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at PNNL. PNNL is operated by Battelle for the DOE (contract DE-AC05-76RL01830). We are grateful to Dr. Liyu Li for help in preparing OMS-1 and OMS-2 materials and for fruitful discussions, to Dr. Guanguang Xia for help in drawing the schematics, and to Wayne Cosby for editing the manuscript. NR 33 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1549-9634 EI 1549-9642 J9 NANOMED-NANOTECHNOL JI Nanomed.-Nanotechnol. Biol. Med. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 1 IS 2 BP 130 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.nano.2005.03.005 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine GA V45LL UT WOS:000209818000006 PM 17292069 ER PT J AU Howell, SW Dirk, SM Childs, K Pang, H Blain, M Simonson, RJ Tour, JM Wheeler, DR AF Howell, SW Dirk, SM Childs, K Pang, H Blain, M Simonson, RJ Tour, JM Wheeler, DR TI Mass-fabricated one-dimensional silicon nanogaps for hybrid organic/nanoparticle arrays SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SENSOR; GAPS; OXIDATION; JUNCTION; WIRES; SIZE AB Optical lithography based on microfabrication techniques was employed to fabricate one-dimensional nanogaps with micrometre edge lengths in silicon. These one-dimensional nanogaps served as a platform on which organic/nanoparticle films were assembled. Characterization of the gaps was performed with high-resolution TEM, SEM, and electrical measurements. Novel self-assembling attachment chemistry, based on the interaction of silicon with a diazonium salt, was used to iteratively build a multi-layer nanoparticle film across a 7 nm gap. By using nanoparticles capped with an easily displaced ligand, a variable conductive path was created across the I D nanogap. Electrical measurements of the gap showed a dramatic change in the I (V) characteristics after assembly of the nanoparticle film. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Microanalyt Syst Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Rad Hard CMOS Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Rice Univ, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Wheeler, DR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Microanalyt Syst Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM drwheel@sandia.gov OI Tour, James/0000-0002-8479-9328 NR 23 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 16 IS 6 BP 754 EP 758 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/16/6/022 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 940KZ UT WOS:000230144700022 ER PT J AU Sonnichsen, C Reinhard, BM Liphardt, J Alivisatos, AP AF Sonnichsen, C Reinhard, BM Liphardt, J Alivisatos, AP TI A molecular ruler based on plasmon coupling of single gold and silver nanoparticles SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLORIMETRIC DETECTION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; DNA HYBRIDIZATION; LIGHT-SCATTERING; SPECTROSCOPY; PARTICLES; PROBES; RNA AB Forster Resonance Energy Transfer has served as a molecular ruler that reports conformational changes and intramolecular distances of single biomolecules(1-4). However, such rulers suffer from low and fluctuating signal intensities, limited observation time due to photobleaching, and an upper distance limit of similar to 10 nm. Noble metal nanoparticles have plasmon resonances in the visible range and do not blink or bleach. They have been employed as alternative probes to overcome the limitations of organic fluorophores(5,6), and the coupling of plasmons in nearby particles has been exploited to detect particle aggregation by a distinct color change in bulk experiments(7-9). Here we demonstrate that plasmon coupling can be used to monitor distances between single pairs of gold and silver nanoparticles. We followed the directed assembly of gold and silver nanoparticle dimers in real time and studied the kinetics of single DNA hybridization events. These 'plasmon rulers' allowed us to continuously monitor separations of up to 70 nm for >3,000 s. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liphardt, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Liphardt@physics.berkeley.edu; alivis@berkeley.edu RI Sonnichsen, Carsten/A-5682-2009; Liphardt, Jan/A-5906-2012; Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015; OI Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048; Liphardt, Jan/0000-0003-2835-5025 NR 30 TC 903 Z9 907 U1 38 U2 460 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 23 IS 6 BP 741 EP 745 DI 10.1038/nbt1100 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 933LA UT WOS:000229628700036 PM 15908940 ER PT J AU Prescher, JA Bertozzi, CR AF Prescher, JA Bertozzi, CR TI Chemistry in living systems SO NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CELL-SURFACE-PROTEINS; COPPER(I)-CATALYZED AZIDE-ALKYNE; IN-VIVO INCORPORATION; STAUDINGER LIGATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENETIC-CODE; LIVE CELLS; FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; O-GLCNAC; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS AB Dissecting complex cellular processes requires the ability to track biomolecules as they function within their native habitat. Although genetically encoded tags such as GFP are widely used to monitor discrete proteins, they can cause significant perturbations to a protein's structure and have no direct extension to other classes of biomolecules such as glycans, lipids, nucleic acids and secondary metabolites. In recent years, an alternative tool for tagging biomolecules has emerged from the chemical biology community-the bioorthogonal chemical reporter. In a prototypical experiment, a unique chemical motif, often as small as a single functional group, is incorporated into the target biomolecule using the cell's own biosynthetic machinery. The chemical reporter is then covalently modified in a highly selective fashion with an exogenously delivered probe. This review highlights the development of bioorthogonal chemical reporters and reactions and their application in living systems. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bertozzi, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM crb@berkeley.edu NR 114 TC 695 Z9 703 U1 42 U2 328 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1552-4450 J9 NAT CHEM BIOL JI Nat. Chem. Biol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 1 IS 1 BP 13 EP 21 DI 10.1038/nchembio0605-13 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 974WC UT WOS:000232621100006 PM 16407987 ER PT J AU Boon, EM Huang, SH Marletta, MA AF Boon, EM Huang, SH Marletta, MA TI A molecular basis for NO selectivity in soluble guanylate cyclase SO NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIGAND-BINDING; NITRIC-OXIDE; OXYGEN-AFFINITY; RESONANCE RAMAN; HEME-PROTEINS; MYOGLOBIN; HEMOGLOBIN; DISSOCIATION; DOMAINS; SENSORS AB Soluble guanylate cyclases (sGCs) function as heme sensors that selectively bind nitric oxide (NO), triggering reactions essential to animal physiology. Recent discoveries place sGCs in the H-NOX family (heme nitric oxide/oxygen-binding domain), which includes bacterial proteins from aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Some H-NOX proteins tightly bind oxygen (O-2), whereas others show no measurable affinity for O-2, providing the basis for selective NO signaling in aerobic cells. Using a series of wild-type and mutant H-NOXs, we established a molecular basis for ligand discrimination. A distal pocket tyrosine is requisite for O-2 binding in the H-NOX family. These data suggest that sGC uses a kinetic selection against O-2; we propose that the O-2 dissociation rate in the absence of this tyrosine is fast and that a stable O-2 complex does not form. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys Biosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Marletta, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM marletta@berkeley.edu OI Boon, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1891-839X FU NIGMS NIH HHS [F32GM069302] NR 31 TC 121 Z9 126 U1 2 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1552-4450 J9 NAT CHEM BIOL JI Nat. Chem. Biol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 1 IS 1 BP 53 EP 59 DI 10.1038/nchembio704 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 974WC UT WOS:000232621100013 PM 16407994 ER PT J AU Francino, MP AF Francino, MP TI An adaptive radiation model for the origin of new gene functions SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID OLFACTORY RECEPTOR GENES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; AMPLIFICATION-MUTAGENESIS; TRANSFERRED GENES; NATURAL-SELECTION; GENOME EVOLUTION; DUPLICATE GENES; COPY NUMBER; FAMILY; MUTATION AB Current models for the evolution of new gene functions after gene duplication presume that the duplication events themselves have no effect on fitness. But those duplications that result in new gene functions are likely to be positively selected from their inception. The evolution of new function may start with the amplification of an existing gene with some level of preadaptation for that function, followed by a period of competitive evolution among the gene copies, resulting in the preservation of the most effective variant and the 'pseudogenization' and eventual loss of the rest. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, DOE Joint Genome Inst, Evolutionary Genom Dept, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Genom Div, Walnut Creek, CA USA. RP Francino, MP (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, DOE Joint Genome Inst, Evolutionary Genom Dept, 2800 Mitchell Dr, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM mpfrancino@lbl.gov RI Francino, M. Pilar/H-9090-2015 OI Francino, M. Pilar/0000-0002-4510-5653 NR 59 TC 104 Z9 108 U1 3 U2 12 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 EI 1546-1718 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 37 IS 6 BP 573 EP 577 DI 10.1038/ng1579 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 931OT UT WOS:000229495300007 PM 15920518 ER PT J AU Law, M Greene, LE Johnson, JC Saykally, R Yang, PD AF Law, M Greene, LE Johnson, JC Saykally, R Yang, PD TI Nanowire dye-sensitized solar cells SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID NANOSTRUCTURED ZNO ELECTRODES; NANOPOROUS TIO2; BACK-REACTION; TRANSPORT; FILMS; RECOMBINATION; PHOTOCARRIERS; PHOTOCURRENT; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE AB Excitonic solar cells(1)-including organic, hybrid organic inorganic and dye-sensitized cells (DSCs)-are promising devices for inexpensive, large-scale solar energy conversion. The DSC is currently the most efficient(2) and stable(3) excitonic photocell. Central to this device is a thick nanoparticle film that provides a large surface area for the adsorption of light-harvesting molecules. However, nanoparticle DSCs rely on trap-limited diffusion for electron transport, a slow mechanism that can limit device efficiency, especially at longer wavelengths. Here we introduce a version of the dye-sensitized cell in which the traditional nanoparticle film is replaced by a dense array of oriented, crystalline ZnO nanowires. The nanowire anode is synthesized by mild aqueous chemistry and features a surface area up to one-fifth as large as a nanoparticle cell. The direct electrical pathways provided by the nanowires ensure the rapid collection of carriers generated throughout the device, and a full Sun efficiency of 1.5% is demonstrated, limited primarily by the surface area of the nanowire array. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Law, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM p_yang@berkeley.edu RI Vasilica, Andrei/F-2185-2010; Wei, Zhanhua/D-7544-2013 OI Wei, Zhanhua/0000-0003-2687-0293 NR 27 TC 4086 Z9 4153 U1 316 U2 2755 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 4 IS 6 BP 455 EP 459 DI 10.1038/nmat1387 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 931RL UT WOS:000229502700011 PM 15895100 ER PT J AU Dube, DH Bertozzi, CR AF Dube, DH Bertozzi, CR TI Glycans in cancer and inflammation. Potential for therapeutics and diagnostics SO NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY LA English DT Review ID KEYHOLE LIMPET HEMOCYANIN; ALPHA-GAL EPITOPES; O-LINKED GLYCOSYLATION; CELL LUNG-CANCER; PHASE-I TRIAL; SIALYL LEWIS(X); MELANOMA-CELLS; TUMOR-CELLS; L-SELECTIN; CONJUGATE VACCINE AB Changes in glycosylation are often a hallmark of disease states. For example, cancer cells frequently display glycans at different levels or with fundamentally different structures than those observed on normal cells. This phenomenon was first described in the early 1970s, but the molecular details underlying such transformations were poorly understood. In the past decade advances in genomics, proteomics and mass spectrometry have enabled the association of specific glycan structures with disease states. In some cases, the functional significance of disease-associated changes in glycosylation has been revealed. This review highlights changes in glycosylation associated with cancer and chronic inflammation and new therapeutic and diagnostic strategies that are based on the underlying glycobiology. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bertozzi, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM crb@berkeley.edu NR 127 TC 869 Z9 887 U1 31 U2 273 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1474-1776 J9 NAT REV DRUG DISCOV JI Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 4 IS 6 BP 477 EP 488 DI 10.1038/nrd1751 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 932UD UT WOS:000229578100018 PM 15931257 ER PT J AU Rector, DM Carter, KM Volegov, PL George, JS AF Rector, DM Carter, KM Volegov, PL George, JS TI Spatio-temporal mapping of rat whisker barrels with fast scattered light signals SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article DE optical imaging; light scattering; fast intrinsic signals; evoked response; whisker barrel; oscillations ID INTRINSIC OPTICAL SIGNALS; VOLTAGE-SENSITIVE DYES; CAT VISUAL-CORTEX; NONINVASIVE DETECTION; ELECTRICAL-ACTIVITY; FUNCTIONAL-ACTIVITY; NERVE EXCITATION; IN-VIVO; BIREFRINGENCE; OSCILLATIONS AB Optical techniques offer a number of potential advantages for imaging dynamic spatio-temporal patterns of activity in neural tissue. The methods provide the wide field of view required to image population activation across networks, while allowing resolution of the detailed structure of individual cells. Optical probes can provide high temporal resolution without penetrating the tissue surface. However, functional optical imaging has been constrained by the small size of the signals and the sluggish nature of the metabolic and hemodynamic responses that are the basis of most existing methods. Here, we employ both highspeed CCD cameras and high-sensitivity photodiodes to optimize resolution in both space and time, together with dark-field illumination in the near-infrared, to record fast intrinsic scattering signals from rat somatosensory cortex in vivo. Optical responses tracked the physiological activation of cortical columns elicited by single whisker twitches. High-speed imaging produced maps that were initially restricted in space to individual barrels, and then spread over time. Photodiode recordings disclosed 400-600 Hz oscillatory responses, tightly correlated in frequency and phase to those seen in simultaneous electrical recordings. Imaging based on fast intrinsic light scattering signals eventually could provide high resolution dynamic movies of neural networks in action. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biol & Quantum Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP George, JS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biol & Quantum Phys Grp, POB 1663,P-21,MS-D454, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jsg@lanl.gov FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH60263, MH60993] NR 39 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1053-8119 J9 NEUROIMAGE JI Neuroimage PD JUN PY 2005 VL 26 IS 2 BP 619 EP 627 DI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.02.030 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 931FV UT WOS:000229472100027 PM 15907319 ER PT J AU De Stasio, G Rajesh, D Casalbore, P Daniels, MJ Erhardt, RJ Frazer, BH Wiese, LM Richter, KL Sonderegger, BR Gilbert, B Schaub, S Cannara, RJ Crawford, JF Gilles, MK Tyliszczak, T Fowler, JF Larocca, LM Howard, SP Mercanti, D Mehta, MP Pallini, R AF De Stasio, G Rajesh, D Casalbore, P Daniels, MJ Erhardt, RJ Frazer, BH Wiese, LM Richter, KL Sonderegger, BR Gilbert, B Schaub, S Cannara, RJ Crawford, JF Gilles, MK Tyliszczak, T Fowler, JF Larocca, LM Howard, SP Mercanti, D Mehta, MP Pallini, R TI Are gadolinium contrast agents suitable for gadolinium neutron capture therapy? SO NEUROLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Gd-DOTA; Gd-DTPA; gadolinium neutron capture therapy (GdNCT); glioblastoma; spectromicroscopy; synchrotron ID ADVANCED LIGHT-SOURCE; ION MICROSCOPY; BRAIN-TUMORS; X-RAYS; GD-157; CELLS; PERFORMANCE; PHASE; TRIAL; FILMS AB Objective: Gadolinium neutron capture therapy (GdNCT) is a potential treatment for malignant brain tumors based on two steps: (1) injection of a tumor-specific Gd-157 compound; (2) tumor irradiation with thermal neutrons. The GdNC reaction can induce cell death provided that Gd is proximate to DNA. Here, we studied the nuclear uptake of Gd by glioblastoma (GBM) tumor cells after treatment with two Gd compounds commonly used for magnetic resonance imaging, to evaluate their potential as GdNCT agents. Methods: Using synchrotron X-ray spectromicroscopy, we analyzed the Gd distribution at the subcellular level in: (1) human cultured GBM cells exposed to Gd-DTPA or Gd-DOTA for 072 hours; (2) intracerebrally implanted C6 glioma tumors in rats injected with one or two doses of Gd-DOTA, and (3) tumor samples from GBM patients injected with Gd-DTPA. Results: In cell cultures, Gd-DTPA and Gd-DOTA were found in 84% and 56% of the cell nuclei, respectively. In rat tumors, Gd penetrated the nuclei of 47% and 85% of the tumor cells, after single and double injection of Gd-DOTA, respectively. In contrast, in human GBM tumors 6.1% of the cell nuclei contained Gd-DTPA. Discussion: Efficacy of Gd-DTPA and Gd-DOTA as GdNCT agents is predicted to be low, due to the insufficient number of tumor cell nuclei incorporating Gd. Although multiple administration schedules in vivo might induce Gd penetration into more tumor cell nuclei, a search for new Gd compounds with higher nuclear affinity is warranted before planning GdNCT in animal models or clinical trials. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys & Synchrotron Radiat Ctr, Stoughton, WI 53589 USA. CNR, Inst Biol Cellulare, I-00137 Rome, Italy. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Human Oncol, Madison, WI 53792 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Bob Jones Univ, Greenville, SC 29614 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Biomed Engn Lab, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Ist Anat Patol, I-00168 Rome, Italy. CNR, Ist Neurobiol & Med Mol, I-00137 Rome, Italy. Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Ist Neurochirurg, I-00168 Rome, Italy. RP De Stasio, G (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys & Synchrotron Radiat Ctr, 3731 Schneider Dr, Stoughton, WI 53589 USA. EM pupa@src.wisc.edu RI Gilbert, Benjamin/E-3182-2010; Larocca, Luigi/A-1577-2008; Cannara, Rachel/C-9128-2013; Gilbert, Pupa/A-6299-2010; OI Larocca, Luigi/0000-0003-1739-4758; Cannara, Rachel/0000-0002-2984-5475; Gilbert, Pupa/0000-0002-0139-2099; PALLINI, Roberto/0000-0002-4611-8827; Mercanti, Delio/0000-0001-8301-2098; mehta, minesh/0000-0002-4812-5713 NR 40 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 12 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 0161-6412 J9 NEUROL RES JI Neurol. Res. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 27 IS 4 BP 387 EP 398 DI 10.1179/016164105X17206 PG 12 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 933DS UT WOS:000229605200008 PM 15949236 ER PT J AU Mukherjee, G Sonzogni, AA AF Mukherjee, G Sonzogni, AA TI Nuclear data sheets for A=88 SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Review ID HIGH-SPIN STATES; GAMMA-RAY ENERGIES; NEUTRON EMISSION PROBABILITIES; INELASTIC ELECTRON-SCATTERING; ISOBARIC ANALOG RESONANCES; PROTON-TRANSFER-REACTIONS; HALF-LIFE MEASUREMENTS; E2 EFFECTIVE CHARGES; CLOSED-SHELL NUCLEI; EVEN-EVEN NUCLIDES AB Experimental data on ground- and excited-state properties for all known nuclei with mass number A=88 have been compiled and evaluated. States populated in radioactive decay, as well as in nuclear reactions, have been considered. For these nuclei, level and decay schemes, as well as tables of nuclear properties, are given. This work supersedes the 1988 evaluation by H.-W. Muller (1988MuO9). C1 Saha Inst Nucl Phys, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Mukherjee, G (reprint author), Saha Inst Nucl Phys, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. NR 237 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 EI 1095-9904 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD JUN PY 2005 VL 105 IS 2 BP 419 EP + DI 10.1016/j.nds.2005.06.001 PG 136 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 951BN UT WOS:000230904000002 ER PT J AU Wade, MR Luce, TC Jayakumar, RJ Politzer, PA Hyatt, AW Ferron, JR Greenfield, CM Murakami, A Petty, CC Prater, R DeBoo, JC La Haye, RJ Gohil, P Rhodes, TL AF Wade, MR Luce, TC Jayakumar, RJ Politzer, PA Hyatt, AW Ferron, JR Greenfield, CM Murakami, A Petty, CC Prater, R DeBoo, JC La Haye, RJ Gohil, P Rhodes, TL TI Development, physics basis and performance projections for hybrid scenario operation in ITER on DIII-D SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID H-MODE DISCHARGES; D TOKAMAK; TEARING MODES; ASDEX UPGRADE; JT-60U; PLASMAS; JET; STABILIZATION; SUSTAINMENT; ACHIEVEMENT AB A potential new standard in stationary tokamak performance is emerging from experiments on DIII-D. These experiments have demonstrated the ability to operate near the free boundary, n = I stability limit with good confinement quality under stationary conditions. The normalized fusion performance is at or above that projected for Q(fus) = 10 operation in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) design over a wide operating range in both edge safety factor (2.8-4.7) and plasma density (35-70% of the Greenwald density). Projections to ITER based on this data are uniformly positive and indicate that a wide range of operating options may be available on ITER, including- the possibility of sustained ignition. Recent experiments have demonstrated the importance of a small in = 3. n = 2 neoclassical tearing mode in avoiding sawteeth and the effect of edge localized modes on tearing mode stability at an edge safety factor near 3. Transport studies using the GLF23 turbulence transport code suggest that E x B shear stabilization is important in reproducing the measured profiles in the simulation. Yet, even in cases in which the toroidal rotation is moderate, confinement quality is robustly better than the standard H-mode confinement scalings. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Wade, MR (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM wade@fusion.gat.com NR 34 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JUN PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 407 EP 416 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/45/6/001 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 944ET UT WOS:000230409800001 ER PT J AU Politzer, PA Hyatt, AW Luce, TC Perkins, FW Prater, R Turnbull, AD Brennan, DP Ferron, JR Greenfield, CM Jayakumar, J La Haye, RJ Petty, CC Wade, MR AF Politzer, PA Hyatt, AW Luce, TC Perkins, FW Prater, R Turnbull, AD Brennan, DP Ferron, JR Greenfield, CM Jayakumar, J La Haye, RJ Petty, CC Wade, MR TI Stationary, high bootstrap fraction plasmas in DIII-D without inductive current control SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID CONFIGURATION VARIABLE TCV; NONINDUCTIVE CURRENT DRIVE; TOKAMAK; JT-60U; CONFINEMENT; OPERATION; TRANSPORT AB We have initiated an experimental programme to address some of the questions associated with the operation of a tokamak with high bootstrap current fraction under high performance conditions, without assistance from a transformer. In these discharges, stationary (or slowly improving) conditions are maintained for up to 3.7 s at beta(N) approximate to beta(p) approaching 3.3. The achievable current and pressure are limited by a relaxation oscillation, involving Growth and collapse of an internal transport barrier at rho >= 0.6. The pressure gradually increases and the current profile broadens throughout the discharge. Eventually the plasma reaches a more stable, high confinement (H-89P similar to 3) state. Characteristically these plasmas have 65-85% bootstrap current, 15-30% neutral-beam-driven current and 0-10% driven by electron cyclotron frequency electromagnetic waves. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Politzer, PA (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 27 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JUN PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 417 EP 424 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/45/6/002 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 944ET UT WOS:000230409800002 ER PT J AU Kinsey, JE Imbeaux, F Staebler, GM Budny, R Bourdelle, C Fukuyama, A Garbet, X Tala, T Parail, V AF Kinsey, JE Imbeaux, F Staebler, GM Budny, R Bourdelle, C Fukuyama, A Garbet, X Tala, T Parail, V TI Transport modelling and gyrokinetic analysis of advanced high performance discharges SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID DIII-D TOKAMAK; TORE-SUPRA; CONFINEMENT; SIMULATIONS AB Predictive transport modelling and gyrokinetic stability analyses of demonstration hybrid (HYBRID) and advanced tokamak (AT) discharges from the International Tokamak Physics Activity (ITPA) profile database are presented. Both regimes have exhibited enhanced core confinement (above the conventional ITER reference H-mode scenario) but differ in their current density profiles. Recent contributions to the ITPA database have facilitated an effort to study the underlying physics governing confinement in these advanced scenarios. In this paper, we assess the level of commonality of the turbulent transport physics and the relative roles of the transport suppression mechanisms (i.e. E x B shear and Shafranov shift (a) stabilization) using data for select HYBRID and AT discharges from the DIII-D, JET and AUG tokamaks. GLF23 transport modelling and gyrokinetic stability analysis indicate that E x B shear and Shafranov shift stabilization play essential roles in producing the improved core confinement in both HYBRID and AT discharges. Shafranov shift stabilization is found to be more important in AT discharges than in HYBRID discharges. We have also examined the competition between the stabilizing effects of E x B shear and Shafranov shift stabilization and the destabilizing effects of higher safety factors and parallel velocity shear. Linear and nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations of idealized low and high safety factor cases reveal some interesting consequences. A low safety factor (i.e. HYBRID relevant) is directly beneficial in reducing the transport, and E x B shear stabilization can dominate parallel velocity shear destabilization allowing the turbulence to be quenched. However, at low-q/high current, Shafranov shift stabilization plays less of a role. Higher safety factors (as found in AT discharges), on the other hand, have larger amounts of Shafranov shift stabilization, but parallel velocity shear destabilization can prevent E x B shear quenching of the turbulent transport, and only E x B suppression is achieved. C1 Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EURATOM, CEA, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Kyoto Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Kyoto 606, Japan. Assoc EURATOM Tekes, VTT Proc, FIN-02044 Espoo, Finland. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. RP Kinsey, JE (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RI Imbeaux, Frederic/A-7614-2013 NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JUN PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 450 EP 458 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/45/6/006 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 944ET UT WOS:000230409800006 ER PT J AU Majeski, R Jardin, S Kaita, R Gray, T Marfuta, P Spaleta, J Timberlake, J Zakharov, L Antar, G Doerner, R Luckhardt, S Seraydarian, R Soukhanovskii, V Maingi, R Finkenthal, M Stutman, D Rodgers, D Angelini, S AF Majeski, R Jardin, S Kaita, R Gray, T Marfuta, P Spaleta, J Timberlake, J Zakharov, L Antar, G Doerner, R Luckhardt, S Seraydarian, R Soukhanovskii, V Maingi, R Finkenthal, M Stutman, D Rodgers, D Angelini, S TI Recent liquid lithium limiter experiments in CDX-U SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article AB Recent experiments in the Current Drive Experiment-Upgrade (CDX-U) provide a first-ever test of large area liquid lithium surfaces as a tokamak first wall to gain engineering experience with a liquid metal first wall and to investigate whether very low recycling plasma regimes can be accessed with lithium walls. The CDX-U is a compact (R = 34 cm, a = 22 cm, B-toroidal = 2 kG, 1p = 100 kA, T-c (0) similar to 100 eV, n(e) (0) similar to 5 x 10(19) m(-3)) spherical torus at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. A toroidal liquid lithium pool limiter with an area of 2000 cm 2 (half the total plasma limiting surface) has been installed in CDX-U. Tokamak discharges which used the liquid lithium pool limiter required a fourfold lower loop voltage to sustain the plasma current, and a factor of 5-8 increase in gas fuelling to achieve a comparable density, indicating that recycling is strongly reduced. Modelling of the discharges demonstrated that the lithium limited discharges are consistent with Z(effective) < 1.2 (compared with 2.4 for the pre-lithium discharges), a broadened current channel and a 25% increase in the core electron temperature. Spectroscopic measurements indicate that edge oxygen and carbon radiation are strongly reduced. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92102 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Delaware, Wilmington, DE USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Majeski, R (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM rmajeski@pppl.gov RI Jardin, Stephen/E-9392-2010; Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015 NR 9 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 11 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JUN PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 519 EP 523 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/45/6/014 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 944ET UT WOS:000230409800014 ER PT J AU Davids, B Davids, CN AF Davids, B Davids, CN TI EMMA: A recoil mass spectrometer for ISAC-II at TRIUMF SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE recoil mass spectrometer; electromagnetic separator; recoil separator ID TRANSPORT EFFICIENCY; SEPARATOR; PERFORMANCE; BEAMS; ANALYZER; FACILITY; ANGLE; LNL AB Design work has begun on EMMA, an electromagnetic mass analyzer for ISAC-II at TRIUMF. EMMA is a recoil mass spectrometer that will be used to separate the recoils of nuclear reactions from the beam, and to disperse them according to mass/charge. ISAC-IT will provide intense, low-emittance beams of unstable nuclei with masses up to 150 u and maximum energies of at least 6.5 MeV/nucleon. EMMA will be used in many different types of experiments with radioactive beams, especially those involving fusion-evaporation and transfer reactions. As such, it must be both efficient and selective, possessing large acceptances in angle, mass, and energy without sacrificing the necessary beam suppression and mass resolution. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Davids, B (reprint author), TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. EM davids@triumf.ca NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 3 BP 565 EP 576 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.297 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 934OI UT WOS:000229717700002 ER PT J AU Cheng, YS Holmes, TD George, TG Marlow, WH AF Cheng, YS Holmes, TD George, TG Marlow, WH TI Size measurement of plutonium particles from internal sputtering into air SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE plutonium; international sputtering; particle size ID DIFFUSION BATTERY; SLIP CORRECTION; THORON PROGENY; WIRE SCREENS; DISTRIBUTIONS; AEROSOLS; PENETRATION AB During the past century, the results of spontaneous translocation of radioactivity in air, biological media and groundwater have been reported. Here, we report the first measurements of the size characteristics in air of the particles participating in this translocation phenomenon. For the plutonium material powering radioisotope thermal generators, we find two narrow, well-separated fractions, one corresponding to particles below a nanometer and one at or below 10 nm. These results are interpreted as a gas-phase nucleation phenomenon arising from internal sputtering. They suggest fruitful directions for further research with immediate implications for accounting for the effects of radiological terrorism, for identifying new signatures for nuclear materials of possible use in antiterrorism and other covert nuclear materials operations, for radioactive and mixed materials storage handling, for reactor safety and source term modeling and for other materials processes. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. RP Cheng, YS (reprint author), Lovelace Resp Res Inst, 2425 Ridgecrest Dr SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. EM ycheng@lrri.org NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2005 VL 234 IS 3 BP 219 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.01.017 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 941CB UT WOS:000230191200007 ER PT J AU Aguilar, M Alcaraz, J Allaby, J Alpat, B Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Ao, L Arefiev, A Azzarello, P Babucci, E Baldini, L Basile, M Barancourt, D Barao, F Barbier, G Barreira, G Battiston, R Becker, R Becker, U Bellagamba, L Bene, P Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Biland, A Bizzaglia, S Blasko, S Boella, G Boschini, M Bourquin, M Brocco, L Bruni, G Buenerd, M Burger, JD Burger, WJ Cai, XD Camps, C Cannarsa, P Capell, M Carosi, G Casadei, D Casaus, J Castellini, G Cecchi, C Chang, YH Chen, HF Chen, HS Chen, ZG Chernoplekov, NA Chiueh, TH Cho, K Choi, MJ Choi, YY Chuang, YL Cindolo, F Commichau, V Contin, A Cortina-Gil, E Cristinziani, M da Cunha, JP Dai, TS Delgado, C Demirkoz, B Deus, JD Dinu, N Djambazov, L D'Antone, I Dong, ZR Emonet, P Engelberg, J Eppling, FJ Eronen, T Esposito, G Extermann, P Favier, J Fiandrini, E Fisher, PH Fluegge, G Fouque, N Galaktionov, Y Gervasi, M Giusti, P Grandi, D Grimm, O Gu, WQ Hangarter, K Hasan, A Henning, R Hermel, V Hofer, H Huang, MA Hungerford, W Ionica, M Ionica, R Jongmanns, M Karlamaa, K Karpinski, W Kenney, G Kenny, J Kim, DH Kim, GN Kim, KS Kim, MY Klimentov, A Kossakowski, R Koutsenko, V Kraeber, M Laborie, G Laitinen, T Lamanna, G Lanciotti, E Laurenti, G Lebedev, A Lechanoine-Leluc, C Lee, MW Lee, SC Levi, G Levtchenko, P Liu, CL Liu, HT Lopes, I Lu, G Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luckey, D Lustermann, W Mana, C Margotti, A Mayet, F McNeil, RR Meillon, B Menichelli, M Mihul, A Monreal, B Mourao, A Mujunen, A Palmonari, F Papi, A Park, HB Park, WH Pauluzzi, M Pauss, F Perrin, E Pesci, A Pevsner, A Pimenta, M Plyaskin, V Pojidaev, V Pohl, M Postolache, V Produit, N Rancoita, PG Rapin, D Raupach, F Ren, D Ren, Z Ribordy, M Richeux, JP Riihonen, E Ritakari, J Ro, S Roeser, U Rossin, C Sagdeev, R Santos, D Sartorelli, G Sbarra, C Schael, S von Dratzig, AS Schwering, G Scolieri, G Seo, ES Shin, JW Shoumilov, E Shoutko, V Siedling, R Son, D Song, T Steuer, M Sun, GS Suter, H Tang, XW Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tornikoski, M Torsti, J Trumper, J Ulbricht, J Urpo, S Valtonen, E Vandenhirtz, J Velcea, F Velikhov, E Verlaat, B Vetlitsky, I Vezzu, F Vialle, JP Viertel, G Vite, D Von Gunten, H Wicki, SW Wallraff, W Wang, BC Wang, JZ Wang, YH Wiik, K Williams, C Wu, SX Xia, PC Yan, JL Yan, LG Yang, CG Yang, J Yang, M Ye, SW Yeh, P Xu, ZZ Zhang, HY Zhang, ZP Zhao, DX Zhu, GY Zhu, WZ Zhuang, HL Zichichi, A Zimmermann, B Zuccon, P AF Aguilar, M Alcaraz, J Allaby, J Alpat, B Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Ao, L Arefiev, A Azzarello, P Babucci, E Baldini, L Basile, M Barancourt, D Barao, F Barbier, G Barreira, G Battiston, R Becker, R Becker, U Bellagamba, L Bene, P Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Biland, A Bizzaglia, S Blasko, S Boella, G Boschini, M Bourquin, M Brocco, L Bruni, G Buenerd, M Burger, JD Burger, WJ Cai, XD Camps, C Cannarsa, P Capell, M Carosi, G Casadei, D Casaus, J Castellini, G Cecchi, C Chang, YH Chen, HF Chen, HS Chen, ZG Chernoplekov, NA Chiueh, TH Cho, K Choi, MJ Choi, YY Chuang, YL Cindolo, F Commichau, V Contin, A Cortina-Gil, E Cristinziani, M da Cunha, JP Dai, TS Delgado, C Demirkoz, B Deus, JD Dinu, N Djambazov, L D'Antone, I Dong, ZR Emonet, P Engelberg, J Eppling, FJ Eronen, T Esposito, G Extermann, P Favier, J Fiandrini, E Fisher, PH Fluegge, G Fouque, N Galaktionov, Y Gervasi, M Giusti, P Grandi, D Grimm, O Gu, WQ Hangarter, K Hasan, A Henning, R Hermel, V Hofer, H Huang, MA Hungerford, W Ionica, M Ionica, R Jongmanns, M Karlamaa, K Karpinski, W Kenney, G Kenny, J Kim, DH Kim, GN Kim, KS Kim, MY Klimentov, A Kossakowski, R Koutsenko, V Kraeber, M Laborie, G Laitinen, T Lamanna, G Lanciotti, E Laurenti, G Lebedev, A Lechanoine-Leluc, C Lee, MW Lee, SC Levi, G Levtchenko, P Liu, CL Liu, HT Lopes, I Lu, G Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luckey, D Lustermann, W Mana, C Margotti, A Mayet, F McNeil, RR Meillon, B Menichelli, M Mihul, A Monreal, B Mourao, A Mujunen, A Palmonari, F Papi, A Park, HB Park, WH Pauluzzi, M Pauss, F Perrin, E Pesci, A Pevsner, A Pimenta, M Plyaskin, V Pojidaev, V Pohl, M Postolache, V Produit, N Rancoita, PG Rapin, D Raupach, F Ren, D Ren, Z Ribordy, M Richeux, JP Riihonen, E Ritakari, J Ro, S Roeser, U Rossin, C Sagdeev, R Santos, D Sartorelli, G Sbarra, C Schael, S von Dratzig, AS Schwering, G Scolieri, G Seo, ES Shin, JW Shoumilov, E Shoutko, V Siedling, R Son, D Song, T Steuer, M Sun, GS Suter, H Tang, XW Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tornikoski, M Torsti, J Trumper, J Ulbricht, J Urpo, S Valtonen, E Vandenhirtz, J Velcea, F Velikhov, E Verlaat, B Vetlitsky, I Vezzu, F Vialle, JP Viertel, G Vite, D Von Gunten, H Wicki, SW Wallraff, W Wang, BC Wang, JZ Wang, YH Wiik, K Williams, C Wu, SX Xia, PC Yan, JL Yan, LG Yang, CG Yang, J Yang, M Ye, SW Yeh, P Xu, ZZ Zhang, HY Zhang, ZP Zhao, DX Zhu, GY Zhu, WZ Zhuang, HL Zichichi, A Zimmermann, B Zuccon, P TI A study of cosmic ray secondaries induced by the Mir space station using AMS-01 SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; spallation; AMS; Mir; space shuttle ID NEAR-EARTH ORBIT; ANTIHELIUM; PROTONS; SEARCH AB The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) is a high energy particle physics experiment that will study cosmic rays in the similar to 100 MeV to 1 TeV range and will be installed on the International Space Station (ISS) for at least 3 years. A first version of AMS-02, AMS-01, flew aboard the space shuttle Discovery from June 2 to June 12, 1998, and collected 108 cosmic ray triggers. Part of the Mir space station was within the AMS-01 field of view during the four day Mir docking phase of this flight. We have reconstructed an image of this part of the Mir space station using secondary pi(-) and mu(-) emissions from primary cosmic rays interacting with Mir. This is the first time this reconstruction was performed in AMS-01, and it is important for understanding potential backgrounds during the 3 year AMS-02 mission. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bucharest, HEPPG, Bucharest, Romania. Inst Nucl Phys, St Petersburg, Russia. CIEMAT, Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. CERN, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Perugia, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. ETH, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Chinese Acad Launching Vehicle Technol, Beijing 100076, Peoples R China. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Inst Sci Nucl Grenoble, CNRS, IN2P3, F-38026 Grenoble, France. LIP, Lab Instrumentacao & Fis Expt Particulas, P-1000 Lisbon, Portugal. Inst Super Tecn, P-1096 Lisbon, Portugal. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. CNR, IROE, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230029, Anhui, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, IHEP, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Kurchatov Inst, Moscow 123182, Russia. Kyungpook Natl Univ, CHEP, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Ewha Womans Univ, Seoul 120750, South Korea. Acad Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. LIP, Lab Instrumentacao & Fis Expt Particulas, P-3000 Coimbra, Portugal. Chinese Acad Sci, IEE, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Helsinki Univ Technol, FIN-02540 Kylmala, Finland. Turku Univ, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland. Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. Chung Shan Inst Sci & Technol, Tao Yuan 325, Taiwan. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Polytech Univ Bucharest, Inst Microtechnol, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Univ Bucharest, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Space Sci & Applicat, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Henning, R (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rhenning@lbl.gov RI Fiandrini, Emanuele/C-4549-2008; Demirkoz, Bilge/C-8179-2014; Laitinen, Timo/B-2188-2009; Delgado, Carlos/K-7587-2014; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/J-9896-2015; Kenny, Jose/F-9372-2010; Zuccon, Paolo/I-7736-2012; alpat, ali behcet/G-6290-2013; Casadei, Diego/I-1785-2013; Lopes, Isabel/A-1806-2014; Pimenta, Mario/M-1741-2013; Berdugo, Javier/A-2858-2015; Mourao, Ana/K-9133-2015; Barao, Fernando/O-2357-2016; OI Laitinen, Timo/0000-0002-7719-7783; Delgado, Carlos/0000-0002-7014-4101; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/0000-0002-1990-4283; Kenny, Jose/0000-0001-6329-3048; Zuccon, Paolo/0000-0002-2728-0167; alpat, ali behcet/0000-0002-0116-1506; Lopes, Isabel/0000-0003-0419-903X; Pimenta, Mario/0000-0002-2590-0908; Berdugo, Javier/0000-0002-7911-8532; Cristinziani, Markus/0000-0003-3893-9171; Esposito, Gennaro/0000-0002-9700-2971; Casadei, Diego/0000-0002-3343-3529; Bertucci, Bruna/0000-0001-7584-293X; Seo, Eun-Suk/0000-0001-8682-805X; Pinto da Cunha, Jose/0000-0002-9049-0693; Mourao, Ana/0000-0002-0855-1849; Barao, Fernando/0000-0002-8346-9941; Boschini, Matteo Jeroen/0000-0002-6401-0457; CHIUEH, TZI-HONG/0000-0003-2654-8763; Ambrosi, Giovanni/0000-0001-6977-9559; Barreira, Gaspar/0000-0001-6373-9441; Castellini, Guido/0000-0002-0177-0643 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2005 VL 234 IS 3 BP 321 EP 332 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.01.015 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 941CB UT WOS:000230191200019 ER PT J AU Brice, SJ AF Brice, SJ CA MiniBooNE collaboration TI MiniBooNE SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT AB Neutrino oscillations have been established in solar and atmospheric neutrinos, but a third signal from the LSND experiment is incompatible with three Standard Model neutrinos. The MiniBooNE experiment can confirm or refute the LSND oscillation signal with 1 x 10(21) protons on target. Preliminary results on nu(mu) analyses and an updated nu(mu) --> nu(e) sensitivity are presented. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Brice, SJ (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Mail Stn 122,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 143 BP 115 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.01.095 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 920EP UT WOS:000228672500017 ER PT J AU Morfin, JG AF Morfin, JG TI MINER nu A: A high-statistics neutrino scattering experiment using a fine-grained detector in the NuMI beam SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article AB The MuMI Facility at Fermilab will provide an extremely intense beam of neutrinos making it an ideal place for high statistics (anti) neutrino-nucleon /nucleus scattering experiments. The MINER nu A experiment at Fermilab is a collaboration of elementary-particle and nuclear physicists planning to use a fully active fine-grained solid scintillator detector. The overall goals of the experiment are to measure absolute exclusive cross-sections, nuclear effects in nu - A interactions and a systematic study of the resonance-DIS transition region including the extraction of high-x(Bj) parton distribution functions at low Q(2). C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Morfin, JG (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 143 BP 139 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.01.098 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 920EP UT WOS:000228672500020 ER PT J AU Woschnagg, K Ackermann, A Ahrens, J Albrecht, H Atlee, DW Bai, X Bay, R Bartelt, M Barwick, SW Becka, T Becker, KH Becker, JK Bernardini, E Bertrand, D Boersma, DJ Boser, S Botner, O Bouchta, A Bouhali, O Braun, J Burgess, C Burgess, T Castermans, T Chirkin, D Coarasa, JA Collin, B Conrad, J Cooley, J Cowen, DF Davour, A De Clercq, C DeYoung, T Desiati, P Ekstrom, P Feser, T Gaisser, TK Ganugapati, R Geenen, H Gerhardt, L Goldschmidt, A Gross, A Hallgren, A Halzen, F Hanson, K Hardtke, D Hardtke, R Harenberg, T Hauschildt, T Helbing, K Hellwig, M Herquet, P Hill, GC Hodges, J Hubert, D Hughey, B Hulth, PO Hultqvist, K Hundertmark, S Jacobsen, J Kampert, KH Karle, A Kelley, J Kestel, M Kopke, L Kowalski, M Krasberg, M Kuehn, K Leich, H Leuthold, M Lundberg, J Madsen, J Mandli, K Marciniewski, P Matis, HS McParland, CP Messarius, T Minaeva, Y Miocinovic, P Morse, R Munich, K Nahnhauer, R Nam, JW Neunhoffer, T Niessen, P Nygren, DR Ogelman, H Olbrechts, P de los Heros, CP Pohl, AC Porrata, R Price, PB Przybylski, GT Rawlins, K Resconi, E Rhode, W Ribordy, M Richter, S Martino, JR Sander, HG Schinarakis, K Schlenstedt, S Schneider, D Schwarz, R Seo, SH Silvestri, A Solarz, A Spiczak, GM Spiering, C Stamatikos, M Steele, D Steffen, P Stokstad, RG Sulanke, KH Taboada, I Tarasova, O Thollander, L Tilav, S Vandenbroucke, J Voicu, LC Wagner, W Walck, C Walter, M Wang, YR Wiebusch, CH Wischnewski, R Wissing, H Woschnagg, K Yodh, G AF Woschnagg, K Ackermann, A Ahrens, J Albrecht, H Atlee, DW Bai, X Bay, R Bartelt, M Barwick, SW Becka, T Becker, KH Becker, JK Bernardini, E Bertrand, D Boersma, DJ Boser, S Botner, O Bouchta, A Bouhali, O Braun, J Burgess, C Burgess, T Castermans, T Chirkin, D Coarasa, JA Collin, B Conrad, J Cooley, J Cowen, DF Davour, A De Clercq, C DeYoung, T Desiati, P Ekstrom, P Feser, T Gaisser, TK Ganugapati, R Geenen, H Gerhardt, L Goldschmidt, A Gross, A Hallgren, A Halzen, F Hanson, K Hardtke, D Hardtke, R Harenberg, T Hauschildt, T Helbing, K Hellwig, M Herquet, P Hill, GC Hodges, J Hubert, D Hughey, B Hulth, PO Hultqvist, K Hundertmark, S Jacobsen, J Kampert, KH Karle, A Kelley, J Kestel, M Kopke, L Kowalski, M Krasberg, M Kuehn, K Leich, H Leuthold, M Lundberg, J Madsen, J Mandli, K Marciniewski, P Matis, HS McParland, CP Messarius, T Minaeva, Y Miocinovic, P Morse, R Munich, K Nahnhauer, R Nam, JW Neunhoffer, T Niessen, P Nygren, DR Ogelman, H Olbrechts, P de los Heros, CP Pohl, AC Porrata, R Price, PB Przybylski, GT Rawlins, K Resconi, E Rhode, W Ribordy, M Richter, S Martino, JR Sander, HG Schinarakis, K Schlenstedt, S Schneider, D Schwarz, R Seo, SH Silvestri, A Solarz, A Spiczak, GM Spiering, C Stamatikos, M Steele, D Steffen, P Stokstad, RG Sulanke, KH Taboada, I Tarasova, O Thollander, L Tilav, S Vandenbroucke, J Voicu, LC Wagner, W Walck, C Walter, M Wang, YR Wiebusch, CH Wischnewski, R Wissing, H Woschnagg, K Yodh, G CA AMANDA Collaboration TI New results from the Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINOS; ICE CORE; SELECTION; SPECTRA; AMANDA AB We present recent results from the Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array (AMANDA) on searches for high-energy neutrinos of extraterrestrial origin. We have searched for a diffuse flux of neutrinos, neutrino point sources and neutrinos from GRBs and from WIMP annihilations in the Sun or the center of the Earth. We also present a preliminary result on the first energy spectrum above a few TeV for atmospheric neutrinos. C1 DESY Zeuthen, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Mainz, Dept Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Berg Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Free Univ Brussels, Fac Sci, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Univ Uppsala, Div High Energy Phys, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Stockholm, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Free Univ Brussels, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, River Falls, WI 54022 USA. Kalmar Univ, Dept Technol, S-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept Phys, Caracas 1080, Venezuela. RP Woschnagg, K (reprint author), DESY Zeuthen, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany. RI Wiebusch, Christopher/G-6490-2012; Kowalski, Marek/G-5546-2012; Hundertmark, Stephan/A-6592-2010; Hallgren, Allan/A-8963-2013; Botner, Olga/A-9110-2013; OI Hubert, Daan/0000-0002-4365-865X; Wiebusch, Christopher/0000-0002-6418-3008; Perez de los Heros, Carlos/0000-0002-2084-5866; Kampert, Karl-Heinz/0000-0002-2805-0195 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 143 BP 343 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.01.127 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 920EP UT WOS:000228672500048 ER PT J AU Kinion, D Irastorza, IG van Bibber, K AF Kinion, D Irastorza, IG van Bibber, K TI Searches for astrophysical and dark matter axions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article ID COHERENT PRIMAKOFF CONVERSION; QUANTUM INTERFERENCE DEVICE; SOLAR AXIONS; CP INVARIANCE; DETECTORS; AMPLIFIER AB We describe two on-going experiments to detect axions, light pseudoscalar particles which arise from the Peccei-Quinn solution to the Strong-CP problem. The Axion Dark Matter Experiment (ADMX) has been searching for dark-matter axions using the Sikivie microwave cavity technique. A second experiment, the Cern Axion Solar Telescope (CAST) has recently started searching for axion-like particles with a two-photon interaction which could be produced in the Sun by the Primakoff process. The most recent exclusion regions from both experiments will be presented. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Zaragoza, Lab Fis Nucl & Altas Energias, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. CERN, European Ctr Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Irastorza, Igor/B-2085-2012 OI Irastorza, Igor/0000-0003-1163-1687 NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 143 BP 417 EP 422 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.01.138 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 920EP UT WOS:000228672500059 ER PT J AU Boulay, MG Hime, A Lidgard, J AF Boulay, MG Hime, A Lidgard, J TI Design constraints for a liquid neon detector for dark matter and solar neutrino interactions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Boulay, MG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, MS H803, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mboulay@lanl.gov NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 143 BP 486 EP 486 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.01.151 PG 1 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 920EP UT WOS:000228672500072 ER PT J AU Currat, CA Formaggio, JA AF Currat, CA Formaggio, JA CA SNO Collaboration TI Studying Muons and atmospheric neutrinos with the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article AB High energy muons and neutrinos are produced by the interaction of primary cosmic rays in the Earth's upper atmosphere. These primary interactions produce mesons which decay into muons and neutrinos. SNO is in a unique position amongst world experiments located underground. At the depth of over 6 km water equivalent, it is the deepest underground laboratory currently in operation. SNO can make a number of important measurements using muons. First, SNO is sensitive to the downward muon rate coming from primary cosmic ray interactions. Second, SNO's depth allows for a measurement of atmospheric neutrinos (via the detection of neutrino-induced rations) at inclinations as large as cos (theta(zenith)) similar or equal to 0.4. Although SNO is a modest-size Cherenkov detector, its unique niche allows it to make important model-independent checks of atmospheric neutrino oscillations as well as measurements for cosmic rays and ration spallation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Washington, Ctr Expt Nucl Phys & Astrophys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Currat, CA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 143 BP 490 EP 490 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.01.155 PG 1 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 920EP UT WOS:000228672500076 ER PT J AU Friedland, A AF Friedland, A TI Solar and atmospheric neutrinos and non-standard neutrino interactions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Friedland, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-8,MS B285, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 143 BP 493 EP 493 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.01.158 PG 1 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 920EP UT WOS:000228672500079 ER PT J AU Heise, J McGee, S Rielage, K AF Heise, J McGee, S Rielage, K CA SNO Collaboration TI Installation and operation of the SNO neutral current detector array SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article AB An array of low background detectors designed to capture neutrons liberated by interactions with solar neutrinos was recently installed in the heavy water region of the SNO experiment. The neutral current detector (NCD) array consists of 36 proportional counters filled with He-3-CF4 gas and 4 proportional counters filled with He-4-CF4. Special hardware conforming to the high radiopurity requirements in SNO was used to assemble and deploy these counters. Neutron events detected by the NCD array are distinguished from various types of backgrounds on an event-by-event basis using the NCD data acquisition system (NCDDAQ), which employs a mixture of commercial and custom-built electronics equipment. The NCDDAQ is controlled by a custom-built Object-oriented Realtime Control and Acquisition (ORCA) software program, and is fully integrated into the SNO PMT data acquisition system to provide shared trigger information and a combined data stream. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Washington, Ctr Expt Nucl Phys & Astrophys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Heise, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 143 BP 496 EP 496 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.01.161 PG 1 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 920EP UT WOS:000228672500082 ER PT J AU Brice, S Bugel, L Conrad, JM Doskow, J Dukes, C Finley, D Fleming, BT Garvey, GT Green, C Horowitz, C Katori, T Link, JM Louis, WC Lu, L McGregor, G Metcalf, W Meyer, HO Nelson, K Norman, A Ockerse, P Papavassiliou, V Pate, SF Peng, JC Ray, H Shaevitz, M Stefanski, R Sung, M Tayloe, R Van de Water, R Visser, G Wang, L Wascko, MO Zeller, GP AF Brice, S Bugel, L Conrad, JM Doskow, J Dukes, C Finley, D Fleming, BT Garvey, GT Green, C Horowitz, C Katori, T Link, JM Louis, WC Lu, L McGregor, G Metcalf, W Meyer, HO Nelson, K Norman, A Ockerse, P Papavassiliou, V Pate, SF Peng, JC Ray, H Shaevitz, M Stefanski, R Sung, M Tayloe, R Van de Water, R Visser, G Wang, L Wascko, MO Zeller, GP TI The FINeSSE detector SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Brice, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. OI Wascko, Morgan/0000-0002-8348-4447; Katori, Teppei/0000-0002-9429-9482 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 143 BP 502 EP 502 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.01.167 PG 1 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 920EP UT WOS:000228672500088 ER PT J AU Norman, EB Smith, AR Barghouty, AF Haight, RC Wender, SA AF Norman, EB Smith, AR Barghouty, AF Haight, RC Wender, SA TI Cosmic-ray production of Co-60 in double beta-decay source materials SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Norman, EB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 3 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 143 BP 508 EP 508 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.01.173 PG 1 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 920EP UT WOS:000228672500094 ER PT J AU Henning, R AF Henning, R CA Majorana Collaboration TI Monte Carlo simulation for the majorana neutrinoless double-beta decay experiment SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article AB The Majorana experiment is a proposed HPGe detector array that will primarily search for neutrinoless double-beta decay and dark matter. It will rely on pulse-shape discrimination and crystal segmentation to suppress backgrounds following careful materials selection. A critical aspect of the design phase of Majorana is a reliable simulation of the detector response, pulse formation, and its radioactive backgrounds. We are developing an adaptable and complete simulation based on GEANT 4 to address these requirements and the requirements of a modern, large collaboration experiment. The salient aspects of the simulation are presented. The Majorana experiment is presented in a parallel poster by Kareem Kazkaz. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Henning, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 143 BP 544 EP 544 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.01.209 PG 1 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 920EP UT WOS:000228672500130 ER PT J AU Switzer, E Abazajian, K Dodelson, S Habib, S Heitmann, K AF Switzer, E Abazajian, K Dodelson, S Habib, S Heitmann, K TI Massive neutrinos and the halo model of large scale structure SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article AB Measurements of the linear power spectrum of galaxies have placed tight constraints on neutrino masses. We introduce an extended halo model for the effect of neutrinos in the nonlinear regimes probed by weak lensing. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Switzer, E (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM switzer@princeton.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 143 BP 571 EP 571 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.01.236 PG 1 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 920EP UT WOS:000228672500157 ER PT J AU Yeh, MF Hahn, RL AF Yeh, MF Hahn, RL CA BNL Neutrino Working Grp TI Very long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments for precise measurements of mixing parameters and CP violating effects SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article AB Recent exciting results have shown that neutrinos oscillate between their weak eigenstates and thus must not only be massive but their mass and flavor eigenstates do no coincide. This has opened a whole new area of experimental physics where one strives to precisely measure the mixing parameters, search for potential CP symmetry violation in the lepton sector and understand secondary effects, such as how the oscillations are affected when the neutrinos pass through matter. It is possible to measure all of the oscillation parameters in a single experiment by employing a 1-MW wide-band neutrino super-beam, a very long baseline of similar to 2500 km and a 500-kton massive far detector. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yeh, MF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 143 BP 576 EP 576 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.01.241 PG 1 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 920EP UT WOS:000228672500162 ER PT J AU Abdulla, SH Liu, X Anderson, MH Bonazza, R Corradini, ML Cho, D Page, R AF Abdulla, SH Liu, X Anderson, MH Bonazza, R Corradini, ML Cho, D Page, R TI Liquid-metal/water direct contact heat exchange: Flow visualization, flow stability, and heat transfer using real-time X-ray imaging SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID PHASE-CHANGE; TRANSFER COEFFICIENT; NEUTRON-RADIOGRAPHY; VOID FRACTION; AIR GAPS; MODEL; EVAPORATION; GENERATIONS; BUBBLE; SYSTEM AB Advanced reactor system designs are being considered with liquid-metal cooling connected to a steam power cycle. In addition, current reactor safety systems are considering auxiliary cooling schemes that assure ex-vessel debris coolability utilizing direct water injection into molten material pools to achieve core quenching and eventual coolability. The phenomenon common in both applications is direct contact heat exchange. The current study focuses on detailed measurements of liquid-metal/water direct contact heat exchange that is directly applicable to improvements in effective heat transfer in devices that are being considered for both of these purposes. In this study, a test facility was designed at the University of Wisconsin-Madison to map the operating range of liquid-metal/water direct contact heat exchange. The test section (184-cm height, 45.75-cm width, and 10-cm depth) is a rectangular slice of a larger heat exchange device. This apparatus was used not only to provide measurements of integral thermal performance (i.e., volumetric heat transfer coefficient), but also local heat transfer coefficients in a bubbly flow regime with X-ray imaging based on measured parameters such as bubble formation time, bubble rise velocity, and bubble diameters. To determine these local heat transfer coefficients, a complete methodology of the X-ray radiography for two-phase flow measurement has been developed. With this methodology, a high-energy X-ray imaging system is optimized for our heat exchange experiments. With this real-time, large-area, high-energy X-ray imaging system, the two-phase flow was quantitatively visualized. An efficient image processing strategy was developed by combining several optimal digital image-processing algorithms into a software computational tool written in MATLAB called T-XIP. Time-dependent heat transfer-related variables such as bubble volumes and velocities, were determined. Finally, an error analysis associated with these measurements has been given based on two independent procedures. This methodology will allow one to utilize X-ray attenuation for imaging vapor bubbles with acceptable errors (bubbles similar to 1 to 5 cm +/- 5 to 20%). Subcooled water (T-sat - T-water congruent to 10 degrees C) was brought into contact with liquid lead (or lead alloys) at an elevated temperature (T-lm = 500 degrees C and T-lm - T-melting congruent to 200 degrees C). The study was conducted over a range of ambient pressures (1 to 10 bar) with four different water injection rates (1.5 to 8 g/s; 0.1 to 1 kg/m(2) center dot s). The results showed that the system pressure has a slight effect on volumetric heat transfer coefficient, the bubble formation time, and the bubble rise velocity. Increasing the system pressure, however, resulted in an increase in the bubble average heat transfer coefficient. Increasing the water injection rate directly had only a small effect on the bubble rise velocity or formation rate. Increasing the water injection rate resulted in a decrease in the local bubble heat transfer coefficient. Direct contact heat transfer also has some key disadvantages; e.g., flow instabilities caused by local vapor explosion is one of the issues related to direct contact heat exchange, particularly for liquid/liquid exchange with high temperature differences. In this study, the region of stable heat transfer was mapped and the effects of the liquid metal temperature, the water injection rate, and the operating pressure were investigated. The pressure required to stabilize the heat exchange process was found to be a function of the water injection rate but generally increasing the system pressure helped stabilize the system. It was also found that the larger the injection rate, the higher the pressure required to stabilize the system. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Abdulla, SH (reprint author), Gen Elect Res Lab, Schenectady, NY 12301 USA. EM corradini@engr.wisc.edu NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 150 IS 2 BP 182 EP 220 PG 39 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 931WW UT WOS:000229517200005 ER PT J AU Umansky, MV Day, MS Rognlien, TD AF Umansky, MV Day, MS Rognlien, TD TI On numerical solution of strongly anisotropic diffusion equation on misaligned grids SO NUMERICAL HEAT TRANSFER PART B-FUNDAMENTALS LA English DT Article ID FLUID SIMULATIONS; TOKAMAK; DIVERTOR; EDGE AB Problems with extremely high-transport anisotropy often arise in strongly magnetized plasmas. The numerical solution of the highly anisotropic transport equations becomes quite difficult when the computational grid is not aligned with the strong transport direction, since this can cause large numerical errors. Constructing a finite-difference scheme for a strongly anisotropic diffusion equation on a misaligned grid is discussed, and quantitative assessment of the numerical error is made for a set of example problems. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Umansky, MV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-630, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM umansky@llnl.gov NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-7790 J9 NUMER HEAT TR B-FUND JI Numer Heat Tranf. B-Fundam. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 47 IS 6 BP 533 EP 554 DI 10.1080/10407790590928946 PG 22 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 934XY UT WOS:000229744100002 ER PT J AU Falgout, RD Vassilevski, PS Zikatanov, LT AF Falgout, RD Vassilevski, PS Zikatanov, LT TI On two-grid convergence estimates SO NUMERICAL LINEAR ALGEBRA WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE two-grid; two-level methods; convergence; sharp estimates; algebraic multigrid ID MULTILEVEL METHODS; MULTIGRID METHOD AB We derive a new representation for the exact convergence factor of classical two-level and two-grid preconditioners. Based on this result, we establish necessary and sufficient conditions for constructing an the components of efficient algebraic multigrid (AMG) methods. The relation of the sharp estimate to the classical two-level hierarchical basis methods is discussed as well. Lastly, as an application, we give an optimal two-grid convergence proof of a purely algebraic 'window'-AMG method. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Penn State Univ, Ctr Computat Math & Applicat, Dept Math, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Vassilevski, PS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 808,L-560, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM rfalgout@llnl.gov; panayot@llnl.gov; ludmil@psu.edu RI Zikatanov, Ludmil/F-9365-2010 OI Zikatanov, Ludmil/0000-0002-5189-4230 NR 16 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1070-5325 J9 NUMER LINEAR ALGEBR JI Numer. Linear Algebr. Appl. PD JUN-AUG PY 2005 VL 12 IS 5-6 BP 471 EP 494 DI 10.1002/nla.437 PG 24 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 942NH UT WOS:000230288600005 ER PT J AU Katsarakis, N Konstantinidis, G Kostopoulos, A Penciu, RS Gundogdu, TF Kafesaki, M Economou, EN Koschny, T Soukoulis, CM AF Katsarakis, N Konstantinidis, G Kostopoulos, A Penciu, RS Gundogdu, TF Kafesaki, M Economou, EN Koschny, T Soukoulis, CM TI Magnetic response of split-ring resonators in the far-infrared frequency regime SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FREE-SPACE; METAMATERIALS AB We report on the fabrication, through photolithography techniques, and the detailed characterization, through direct transmission measurements, of a periodic system composed of five layers of photolithographically aligned micrometer-sized Ag split-ring resonators (SRRs). The measured transmission spectra for propagation perpendicular to the SRRs plane show a gap around 6 THz for one of the two possible polarizations of the incident electric field; this indicates the existence of a magnetic resonance, which is verified by detailed theoretical analysis. To our knowledge this is the first time that a system of more than one layer of micrometer-sized SRRs has been fabricated. The measured optical spectra of the Ag microstructure are in very good agreement with the corresponding theoretical calculations. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. Univ Crete, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Iraklion, Greece. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Katsarakis, N (reprint author), Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, POB 1527, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. EM kafesaki@iesl.forth.gr RI Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008; Economou, Eleftherios /E-6374-2010; Kafesaki, Maria/E-6843-2012; Konstantinidis, George/A-1719-2014 OI Kafesaki, Maria/0000-0002-9524-2576; Konstantinidis, George/0000-0002-1072-9618 NR 16 TC 135 Z9 137 U1 3 U2 33 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 30 IS 11 BP 1348 EP 1350 DI 10.1364/OL.30.001348 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 928GN UT WOS:000229259500032 PM 15981529 ER PT J AU Enginarlar, E Li, JS Meerkov, SM AF Enginarlar, E Li, JS Meerkov, SM TI Lean buffering in serial production lines with non-exponential machines SO OR SPECTRUM LA English DT Article DE lean production systems; serial lines; non-exponential machine reliability model; coefficients of variation; empirical law ID DECOMPOSITION APPROACH; SPACE ALLOCATION; FINITE BUFFERS; SERVICE TIMES; SYSTEMS; STORAGE; CAPACITIES; ALGORITHMS; OPERATION AB In this paper, lean buffering (i.e., the smallest level of buffering necessary and sufficient to ensure the desired production rate of a manufacturing system) is analyzed for the case of serial lines with machines having Weibull, gamma, and log-normal distributions of up- and downtime. The results obtained show that: (1) the lean level of buffering is not very sensitive to the type of up- and downtime distributions and depends mainly on their coefficients of variation, CVup and CVdown; (2) the lean level of buffering is more sensitive to CVdown than to CVup but the difference in sensitivities is not too large (typically, within 20%). Based on these observations, an empirical law for calculating the lean level of buffering as a function of machine efficiency, line efficiency, the number of machines in the system, and CVup and CVdown is introduced. It leads to a reduction of lean buffering by a factor of up to 4, as compared with that calculated using the exponential assumption. It is conjectured that this empirical law holds for any unimodal distribution of up- and downtime, provided that CVup and CVdown are less than 1. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. GM Corp, Ctr Res & Dev, Mfg Syst Res Lab, Warren, MI 48090 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Meerkov, SM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis Applicat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM smm@eecs.umich.edu NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0171-6468 J9 OR SPECTRUM JI OR Spectrum PD JUN PY 2005 VL 27 IS 2-3 BP 195 EP 219 DI 10.1007/s00291-004-0187-1 PG 25 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 934DV UT WOS:000229688000003 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Li, N AF Zhang, J Li, N TI Oxidation mechanism of steels in liquid-lead alloys SO OXIDATION OF METALS LA English DT Article DE corrosion; oxidation; liquid metal; oxide layer ID TEMPERATURE AQUEOUS CORROSION; CATION DIFFUSION; STAINLESS-STEEL; FLOWING LEAD; COMPATIBILITY TESTS; TRACER DIFFUSION; POINT-DEFECTS; OXIDE SCALES; MOLTEN LEAD; MILD-STEEL AB The oxidation mechanism of steels in liquid-lead alloys (lead or lead-bismuth) was studied. Parametric dependencies of oxidation, including oxygen-concentration effects, oxidation-rate constant and corrosion-rate effects, are analyzed. An oxidation model is developed based on the assumptions that the chemical reactions are at equilibrium locally, and scale removal is due to mass-transfer corrosion. The model shows that outward-iron diffusion in the solid phase (oxide layer) controls the oxide growth and mass-transfer rate in the flowing-boundary layer determines the corrosion-product transport in the liquid phase (liquid-lead alloy). The oxide thickness depends on both the parabolic oxide-growth-rate constant and the mass-transfer-corrosion rate. For long-term operation, the outer layer of a duplex-oxide layer can be completely removed by flowing lead alloys and it is expected that a pure-chromium-oxide layer forms underneath the Fe-Cr spinel if iron is heavily depleted. The oxide thickness and steel weight change are very different from those of the pure parabolic law and they are classified into distinct and universal categories. The model is validated partially by application to interpreting the measured oxide behavior of several steels in a lead-bismuth eutectic-test loop. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis & Applicat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jszhang@lanl.gov RI Zhang, Jinsuo/H-4717-2012 OI Zhang, Jinsuo/0000-0002-3412-7769 NR 57 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 17 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0030-770X J9 OXID MET JI Oxid. Met. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 63 IS 5-6 BP 353 EP 381 DI 10.1007/s11085-005-4392-3 PG 29 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 931TQ UT WOS:000229508800005 ER PT J AU Misono, KS Ogawa, H Qiu, Y Ogata, CM AF Misono, KS Ogawa, H Qiu, Y Ogata, CM TI Structural studies of the natriuretic peptide receptor: A novel hormone-induced rotation mechanism for transmembrane signal transduction SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE natriuretic peptide; receptor; transmembrane signal transduction; structure; mechanism; X-ray crystallography ID SMOOTH-MUSCLE-CELLS; GUANYLYL-CYCLASE; LIGAND-BINDING; EXTRACELLULAR DOMAIN; ADENYLYL-CYCLASE; VASORELAXANT ACTIVITY; MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY; DIMER INTERFACE; ANP RECEPTOR; C-RECEPTOR AB The atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) receptor is a single-span transmembrane receptor that is coupled to its intrinsic intracellular guanylate cyclase (GCase) catalytic activity. To investigate the mechanisms of hormone binding and signal transduction, we have expressed the extracellular hormone-binding domain of the ANP receptor (ANPR) and characterized its structure and function. The disulfide-bond structure, state of glycosylation, binding-site residues, chloride-dependence of ANP binding, dimerization, and binding stoichiometry have been determined. More recently, the crystal structures of both the apoANPR dimer and ANP-bound complex have been determined. The structural comparison between the two has shown that, upon ANP binding, two ANPR molecules in the dimer undergo an inter-molecular twist with little intramolecular conformational change. This motion produces a Ferris wheel-like translocation of two juxtamembrane domains with essentially no change in the inter-domain distance. This movement alters the relative orientation of the two domains equivalent to counter-clockwise rotation of each by 24 degrees. These results suggest that transmembrane signaling by the ANP receptor is mediated by a novel hormone-induced rotation mechanism. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Misono, KS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, MS-330,1664 N Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM kmisono@unr.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54329] NR 63 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD JUN PY 2005 VL 26 IS 6 BP 957 EP 968 DI 10.1016/j.peptides.2004.12.021 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 933IN UT WOS:000229622200005 PM 15911065 ER PT J AU Tuncer, E AF Tuncer, E TI A formula for dielectric mixtures SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RELAXATION; CONSTANT; COMPOSITE; BOUNDS AB Dielectric properties of material mixtures are of importance in diagnostics, characterization and design of systems in various engineering fields. In this letter, we propose a new dielectric-mixture expression, which is based on the dielectric relaxation phenomena and the spectral density representation. The expression is tested on several composite systems. Results illustrate that the proposed expression can be used to obtain valuable structural informations in composites, even for highly filled, bi-percolating, systems. The proposed expression is an alternative to other existing homogenization formulas in the literature. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Appl Superconduct Grp, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tuncer, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Appl Superconduct Grp, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM enis.tuncer@physics.org OI Tuncer, Enis/0000-0002-9324-4324 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0839 J9 PHIL MAG LETT JI Philos. Mag. Lett. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 85 IS 6 BP 269 EP 275 DI 10.1080/09500830500229394 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 958VB UT WOS:000231475200001 ER PT J AU Davis, WB AF Davis, WB TI Metal inspection SO PHOTONICS SPECTRA LA English DT Letter C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Davis, WB (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAURIN PUBL CO INC PI PITTSFIELD PA BERKSHIRE COMMON PO BOX 1146, PITTSFIELD, MA 01202 USA SN 0731-1230 J9 PHOTON SPECTRA JI Photon. Spect. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 39 IS 6 BP 52 EP 52 PG 1 WC Optics SC Optics GA 933LJ UT WOS:000229629600009 ER PT J AU Fenimore, PW Frauenfelder, H McMahon, BH Young, RD AF Fenimore, PW Frauenfelder, H McMahon, BH Young, RD TI Proteins are paradigms of stochastic complexity SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Wordshop on New Horizons in Stochastic Complexity CY SEP 15-17, 2004 CL Univ de Sevilla, Sevilla, SPAIN HO Univ de Sevilla DE protein energy landscape; alpha- and beta-fluctuations; slaving; hydration shell control ID SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; SECONDARY RELAXATION; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; GLASS-FORMERS; DYNAMICS; METMYOGLOBIN; SOLVENT; MOTIONS; FLUCTUATIONS; TEMPERATURE AB Proteins are ideal systems to experimentally study stochastic complexity. They share many properties with supercooled liquids and glasses, but are functionally organized, perform biological work, and interact strongly with their surroundings. We describe the complexity of proteins, expressed through their hierarchically organized energy landscape, and characterize how fluctuations in the hydration shell and the bulk environment influence protein motions and functions. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Frauenfelder, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, MS B258,TA-3,Bldg 1690,Room 101,Diamond Dr,K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM frauenfelder@lanl.gov NR 39 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 351 IS 1 SI SI BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.physa.2004.12.004 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 916TK UT WOS:000228408900002 ER PT J AU Bhuiyan, MS Paranthaman, M Kang, S Lee, DF Salama, K AF Bhuiyan, MS Paranthaman, M Kang, S Lee, DF Salama, K TI Growth of epitaxial Y2O3 buffer layers on biaxially textured Ni-W substrates for YBCO coated conductors by MOD approach SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE metal organic decomposition; epitaxial; buffer layer; superconductor ID CHEMICAL SOLUTION DEPOSITION; RARE-EARTH NIOBATE; THIN-FILMS; SUPERCONDUCTING FILMS; FABRICATION AB We have grown epitaxial Y2O3 buffer layers on biaxially textured Ni-W substrates for YBCO coated conductors using a newly developed metal organic decomposition (MOD) approach. Y2O3 precursor solution of 0.25 M concentration was spin coated on short samples of Ni-3 at.% W (Ni-W) substrates and heat-treated at 1150 degrees C in a gas mixture of Ar-4% H-2 for an hour. Detailed X-ray studies indicate that Y2O3 films have good out-of-plane and in-plane textures with full-width-half-maximum values of 6.22 degrees and 7.51 degrees, respectively. SEM and AFM investigations of Y2O3 films reveal a fairly dense and smooth microstructure without cracks and porosity. Highly textured YSZ barrier layers and CeO2 cap layers were deposited on MOD Y2O3-buffered Ni-W substrates using rf-magnetron sputtering. Pulsed laser deposition was used to grow YBCO films on these substrates. A critical current, J(c), of about 1.21 MA/cm(2) at 77 K and self-field was obtained on YBCO (PLD)/CeO2 (sputtered)/YSZ (sputtered)/Y2O3 (spin-coated)/Ni-W. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Bhuiyan, MS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM s9r@ornl.gov RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 16 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 422 IS 3-4 BP 95 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2005.03.016 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 933TF UT WOS:000229655100005 ER PT J AU Andrews, SS AF Andrews, SS TI Serial rebinding of ligands to clustered receptors as exemplified by bacterial chemotaxis SO PHYSICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-BOUND RECEPTORS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CONFORMATIONAL SPREAD; STOCHASTIC SIMULATION; BIMOLECULAR REACTIONS; ASPARTATE RECEPTOR; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; BINDING; DIFFUSION; DYNAMICS AB Serial ligation is the repeated reversible binding of a ligand to one receptor after another. It is a widespread phenomenon throughout biochemical systems, occurring anytime receptors are clustered together and ligand binding is reversible. Computer simulations are used in this work to investigate a representative example, which is the serial ligation of an extracellular aspartate molecule to the membrane-bound chemotaxis receptors of an Escherichia coli bacterium. It is found that the initial binding site of a ligand to a cluster of receptors is more likely to be near the edge of the cluster than near the middle, although there is no overall bias when all rebindings are considered. Serial ligation does not lead directly to signal amplification or attenuation but instead causes binding events to be correlated in both space and time: a ligand is likely to bind many times in rapid succession in a small region of the receptor cluster, but there can also be long intervals between bindings. This leads to an increased level of noise in the received signal but may allow a single ligand to be sensed above a uniform level of background noise. The focus of this paper is on the interpretation of simulation results so they can be generalized to a wide variety of other systems and to allow the identification of systems in which serial ligation is likely to be important. In the process, several characteristic times are identified, as are scaling laws for the spatial and temporal dynamics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Andrews, SS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 977-152, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ssandrews@lbl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM64713] NR 57 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1478-3967 J9 PHYS BIOL JI Phys. Biol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 2 IS 2 BP 111 EP 122 DI 10.1088/1478-3975/2/2/004 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 007TJ UT WOS:000234992400012 PM 16204863 ER PT J AU Hu, SX Collins, LA AF Hu, SX Collins, LA TI Time-dependent study of photon-induced autoionization decay SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTIONS; 2-PHOTON DOUBLE-IONIZATION; DOUBLE PHOTOIONIZATION; ELECTRON CORRELATION; 2-ELECTRON ATOMS; GROUND-STATE; HELIUM; EXCITATION; SINGLE; HE AB Using the time-dependent close-coupling method, we have investigated the decay dynamics of autoionization states of He, induced by resonant photon excitations. The resulting autoionization decay rates agree very well with those obtained both from experiments and other theoretical methods. Utilizing the advantage of the time-dependent method, we have also studied the dynamical behaviors of the two electrons "trapped" in autoionization states of He. The calculated interelectron distances in triplet and singlet P states explain the large difference of their decay rates. Moreover, we also explored the possibility of modifying autoionization decay by additional few-cycle pulses. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hu, SX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM suxing@lanl.gov; lac@lanl.gov RI Hu, Suxing/A-1265-2007 OI Hu, Suxing/0000-0003-2465-3818 NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 6 AR 062707 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.062707 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 942ID UT WOS:000230275200086 ER PT J AU Nguyen, H Bredy, R Lee, TG Camp, HA Awata, T DePaola, BD AF Nguyen, H Bredy, R Lee, TG Camp, HA Awata, T DePaola, BD TI Entropy lowering in ion-atom collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MOMENTUM SPECTROSCOPY; CHARGE-TRANSFER AB In ion-atom collisions, the charge transfer cross section is typically a strong function of the energy defect or Q value, typically with smaller energy defects giving rise to higher capture probabilities. In some theoretical treatments, for example those based on the Demkov model, the cross section is a strong function of the magnitude of the Q value, but is independent of its sign. In order to test this predicted sign independence, one must compare capture cross sections from energetically symmetric collision channels. In this work, relative capture cross sections, differential in scattering angle, are measured and compared for the energetically symmetric channels: Rb++Rb(5s)-> Rb(5p)+Rb+ and Rb++Rb(5p)-> Rb(5s)+Rb+. It is found that not only are the two cross sections not equal, but that in this case the endoergic channel was 3 times more likely. That is, the entropy reducing channel was preferred. An intuitive model, based on molecular potential curves, is suggested. The endoergic propensity is found to be consistent with this model. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, JR Macdonald Lab, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Naruto Univ Educ, Dept Phys, Naruto, Tokushima 7728502, Japan. RP DePaola, BD (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, JR Macdonald Lab, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM nguyht@phys.ksu.edu; depaola@phys.ksu.edu RI Lee, Teck Ghee/D-5037-2012; DePaola, Brett/I-3533-2013; BREDY, Richard/B-3682-2014 OI Lee, Teck Ghee/0000-0001-9472-3194; DePaola, Brett/0000-0003-3409-671X; NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 6 AR 062714 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.062714 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 942ID UT WOS:000230275200093 ER PT J AU Seliger, M Reinhold, CO Minami, T Burgdorfer, J AF Seliger, M Reinhold, CO Minami, T Burgdorfer, J TI Nonunitary quantum trajectory Monte Carlo method for open quantum systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ION-SOLID COLLISIONS; POPULATION; SIMULATION; HYDROGEN; OPTICS; CARBON; STATES; ATOMS AB We have developed a generalized nonunitary Lindblad equation and its quantum trajectory Monte Carlo implementation for the evolution of open quantum systems (OQSs) whose coupling to the environment features not only energy exchange but also probability flux to the environment. This generalization allows the treatment of a class of problems where the state space of the system includes bound and continuum states. We show the equivalence between the solution of the generalized Lindblad equation and the Monte Carlo average over open quantum trajectories. As a first test case we study the multilevel radiative decay of a hydrogenic ion. As a second test case we apply the theory to the time development of the internal state of fast highly charged Kr35+ ions traversing carbon foils with varying thickness subject to collisions and to spontaneous radiative decay. We find significantly improved agreement of the nonunitary transport theory with experimental data. C1 Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Seliger, M (reprint author), Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 6 AR 062901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.062901 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 942ID UT WOS:000230275200094 ER PT J AU Ahn, KH Lookman, T Saxena, A Bishop, AR AF Ahn, KH Lookman, T Saxena, A Bishop, AR TI Electronic properties of structural twin and antiphase boundaries in materials with strong electron-lattice couplings SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; PHASE-SEPARATION; MANGANITES; STRAIN AB Using a symmetry-based atomic scale theory of lattice distortions, we demonstrate that elastic textures, such as twin and antiphase boundaries, can generate intricate electronic heterogeneities in materials with strong electron-lattice coupling, as observed in perovskite manganites and other functional electronic materials. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ahn, KH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 21 AR 212102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.212102 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IR UT WOS:000230276600002 ER PT J AU Arms, DA Graber, TJ Macrander, AT Simmons, RO Schwoerer-Bohning, M Zhong, Y AF Arms, DA Graber, TJ Macrander, AT Simmons, RO Schwoerer-Bohning, M Zhong, Y TI Excitons in bulk liquid He-4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LARGE-GAP INSULATORS; X-RAY-SCATTERING; ELECTRONIC EXCITATIONS; FLUID ARGON; HELIUM; EVOLUTION; ENERGY; XENON; KRYPTON; VOLUME AB We present the first measurements of excitons in bulk liquid He, performed at several densities. Inelastic x-ray scattering was used to take these measurements of He-4. The exciton measurements are very similar to those for solid He-4, with the exciton excitations occurring at nearly the same energy transfers for the same pressure. This similarity suggests that excitons in solid helium rely mostly on short range order. The measured peaks for the liquid are asymmetric in nature and fit well to two Gaussians, suggesting that at least two exciton transitions are present in the signal peak. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. ACCEL Instruments GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany. RP Arms, DA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dohnarms@anl.gov NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 23 AR 233107 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.233107 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IT UT WOS:000230276800007 ER PT J AU Baek, SH Borsa, F Furukawa, Y Hatanaka, Y Kawakami, S Kumagai, K Suh, BJ Cornia, A AF Baek, SH Borsa, F Furukawa, Y Hatanaka, Y Kawakami, S Kumagai, K Suh, BJ Cornia, A TI Fe-57 NMR and relaxation by strong collision in the tunneling regime in the molecular nanomagnet Fe8 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM RELAXATION; QUADRUPOLE RESONANCE; MAGNETIC-ANISOTROPY; IRON(III) CATION; CLUSTERS; TRANSITION; PHASE; PARTICLES; COHERENCE AB Fe-57 NMR measurements have been performed in single crystal and oriented powder of enriched (57)Fe8 molecular cluster in the temperature range 0.05-1.7 K in zero external field and with small perturbing field up to 1 T for both transverse and longitudinal orientation of H with respect to the anisotropy axis. The Fe-57 NMR spectrum is analyzed in terms of a dominant contribution due to the hyperfine interaction arising from core polarization. The measured temperature dependence of the resonance frequency is explained well by calculating the local average magnetic moment of the Fe3+ ion with a simple model which incorporates the effects of thermal average in the low lying energy states. Nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate (1/T-1) and spin-spin relaxation rate (1/T-2) were investigated via temperature and field dependences. The obtained results are analyzed in terms of both intrawell thermal fluctuations of the hyperfine fields due to spin-phonon interaction, and interwell fluctuations due to phonon assisted quantum tunneling of the magnetization. It is argued that in zero external field and at low T the Fe-57 and the proton 1/T-1 is dominated by a strong collision relaxation mechanism due to the fact that phonon assisted tunneling transitions generate a sudden reversal of the local quantization field at the nuclear site. The data could be explained satisfactorily by assuming that the Fe-57 1/T-1 measures directly the effective tunneling rate. However, in order to fit the data we had to assume a larger in-plane anisotropy than previously reported, resulting in a bigger tunneling splitting in zero field. A comparison with published data of Mn-55 in Mn12 indicates that a strong collision relaxation mechanism may apply also in Mn12. Finally the H and T dependence of Fe-57 1/T-2 is well explained simply in terms of thermal fluctuations of the magnetization without any tunneling contribution. At very low T the 1/T-2 approaches a limiting value which can be explained in terms of the dipolar interaction between proton and Fe-57 nuclei in the quasistatic regime. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Dipartimento Fis A Volta, I-271000 Pavia, Italy. INFM, Unita Pavia, I-271000 Pavia, Italy. Hokkaido Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. Catholic Univ Korea, Dept Phys, Puchon 420473, South Korea. Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, UdR INSTM, Ctr SCS, Dipartimento Chim, I-41100 Modena, Italy. RP Baek, SH (reprint author), Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RI Baek, Seung-Ho/F-4733-2011; Cornia, Andrea/N-8587-2015 OI Baek, Seung-Ho/0000-0002-0059-8255; Cornia, Andrea/0000-0001-9765-3128 NR 62 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 21 AR 214436 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.214436 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IR UT WOS:000230276600073 ER PT J AU Barnes, MD Krstic, PS Kumar, P Mehta, A Wells, JC AF Barnes, MD Krstic, PS Kumar, P Mehta, A Wells, JC TI Far-field modulation of fluorescence decay rates in pairs of oriented semiconducting polymer nanostructures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; SINGLE MOLECULES AB We report on the observation of far-field dipole-dipole coupling in pairs of uniformly z-oriented polymer nanostructures manifested as a fluorescence lifetime modification (both enhancement and suppression relative to isolated particles) modulated by interparticle separation. The observed oscillatory modulation in the fluorescence decay rate as a function of interparticle distance (ranging from 200 to approximate to 2000 nm) results from modification of the vacuum field at the position of the probe dipole by the presence of the second radiating dipole. These results provide observation of a dipole-dipole interaction in the "inductance" interparticle distance scale between the near field (approximate to 200 nm) and far field (> 500 nm), important for the realization of efficient active nanophotonic devices. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barnes, MD (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM mdbarnes@chem.umass.edu RI Wells, Jack/D-3675-2016 OI Wells, Jack/0000-0002-5083-3030 NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 24 AR 241303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.241303 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IU UT WOS:000230276900007 ER PT J AU Blake, GR Chapon, LC Radaelli, PG Park, S Hur, N Cheong, SW Rodriguez-Carvajal, J AF Blake, GR Chapon, LC Radaelli, PG Park, S Hur, N Cheong, SW Rodriguez-Carvajal, J TI Spin structure and magnetic frustration in multiferroic RMn2O5 (R=Tb,Ho,Dy) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; YMN2O5; POLARIZATION; FERROELECTRICITY AB We have studied the crystal and magnetic structures of the magnetoelectric materials RMn2O5 (R=Tb,Ho,Dy) using neutron diffraction as a function of temperature. All three materials display incommensurate antiferromagnetic ordering below 40 K, becoming commensurate on further cooling. For R=Tb,Ho, a commensurate-incommensurate transition takes place at low temperatures. The commensurate magnetic structures have been solved and are discussed in terms of competing exchange interactions. The spin configuration within the ab plane is essentially the same for each system, and the radius of R determines the sign of the magnetic exchange between adjacent planes. The inherent magnetic frustration in these materials is lifted by a small lattice distortion, primarily involving shifts of the Mn3+ cations and giving rise to a canted antiferroelectric phase. C1 Rutherford Appleton Lab, CCLRC, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. CEA Saclay, CNRS, Lab Leon Brillouin, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Rutherford Appleton Lab, CCLRC, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RI Radaelli, Paolo/C-2952-2011; Rodriguez-Carvajal, Juan/C-4362-2008; Hur, Namjung/G-3752-2013 OI Radaelli, Paolo/0000-0002-6717-035X; Rodriguez-Carvajal, Juan/0000-0001-5582-2632; NR 24 TC 188 Z9 189 U1 7 U2 58 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 21 AR 214402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.214402 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IR UT WOS:000230276600039 ER PT J AU Butch, NP Yuhasz, WM Ho, PC Jeffries, JR Frederick, NA Sayles, TA Zheng, XG Maple, MB Betts, JB Lacerda, AH Woodward, FM Lynn, JW Rogl, P Giester, G AF Butch, NP Yuhasz, WM Ho, PC Jeffries, JR Frederick, NA Sayles, TA Zheng, XG Maple, MB Betts, JB Lacerda, AH Woodward, FM Lynn, JW Rogl, P Giester, G TI Ordered magnetic state in PrFe4Sb12 single crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH; TEMPERATURE; RESISTIVITY; TRANSITION; LAFE4P12; BEHAVIOR; FIELDS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SKUTTERUDITES; METALS AB The filled skutterudite compound Pr0.87Fe4Sb12 was prepared in single-crystal form and characterized via x-ray-diffraction, neutron-diffraction, specific-heat, electrical-resistivity, and magnetization measurements. Long-range magnetic ordering occurs at T-c approximate to 4.1 K, with the bulk magnetization described by the critical exponents beta=0.57,gamma=0.884, and delta=2.55. The magnetic structure consists of ordered moments on both Pr and Fe sites and may involve a ferrimagnetic arrangement. The electrical resistivity exhibits a very weak dependence on both applied magnetic field and pressure at most temperatures, but at low temperatures, its power-law temperature-dependence varies with magnetic field. Specific-heat measurements indicate an enhanced effective mass. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Pure & Appl Phys Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Vienna, Inst Phys Chem, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Univ Vienna, Inst Mineral & Kristallog, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Saga Univ, Dept Phys, Saga, Japan. RP Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Yuhasz, William/C-9418-2009 NR 45 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 21 AR 214417 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.214417 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IR UT WOS:000230276600054 ER PT J AU Chung, SH Hoffmann, A Grimsditch, M AF Chung, SH Hoffmann, A Grimsditch, M TI Interplay between exchange bias and uniaxial anisotropy in a ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic exchange-coupled system SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ASYMMETRIC MAGNETIZATION REVERSAL; IRMN/COFE BILAYERS; NANOSTRUCTURES; DEPENDENCE; MODEL; FABRICATION; MECHANISMS; INTERFACES; FIELD AB The effect of the relative orientation and magnitudes of the exchange bias and the uniaxial shape anisotropy has been systematically investigated in nanometer-sized lines of Ni80Fe20/FeMn bilayers using the magneto-optic Kerr effect for different orientations of the applied magnetic field. The measurements exhibit peculiar magnetic behavior when the exchange bias, the uniaxial anisotropy, and the applied magnetic field are not collinear. When the applied magnetic field is perpendicular to the exchange bias, the magnitude and the orientation of the uniaxial anisotropy determine the magnitude and sign of the loop shift. Furthermore, when the exchange bias and the uniaxial anisotropy are parallel, the shift of the hysteresis loop changes nonmonotonically with the orientation of the applied magnetic field and exhibits a maximum loop shift that exceeds the value that would be expected from the interface coupling alone. A simple modified coherent rotation model provides a good description of the behavior of the hysteresis loops in these patterned exchange bias systems. These results show clearly that, in addition to the loop shift, it is necessary to characterize all other magnetic anisotropies in order to extract meaningful conclusions about the interfacial coupling. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chungsh@anl.gov RI Hoffmann, Axel/A-8152-2009 OI Hoffmann, Axel/0000-0002-1808-2767 NR 56 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 21 AR 214430 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.214430 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IR UT WOS:000230276600067 ER PT J AU de Fontaine, D Ozolins, V Islam, Z Moss, SC AF de Fontaine, D Ozolins, V Islam, Z Moss, SC TI Origin of modulated structures in YBa2Cu3O6.63: A first-principles approach SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHASE-DIAGRAM; BASAL-PLANE; SUPERCONDUCTORS; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; DIFFRACTION; TRANSITION; MAGNETISM; ORDER AB Recent diffraction studies have shown the existence of lattice modulations in yttrium barium cuprates (YBCO). We show that these modulations are caused by the ordering of O-Cu-O chains in the CuO planes according to a scheme of quasi-one-dimensional ordering developed previously. Remarkable agreement is illustrated in the case of underdoped YBCO between experimental diffraction patterns of diffuse intensity and calculated satellite intensity obtained from ab initio electronic structure calculations of atomic displacements in unit cells containing missing oxygen chains. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct & Adv Mat, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP de Fontaine, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci, 210 Hearst Mining Bldg, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ozolins, Vidvuds/D-4578-2009 NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 21 AR 212504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.212504 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IR UT WOS:000230276600016 ER PT J AU Degtyareva, O Gregoryanz, E Somayazulu, M Mao, HK Hemley, RJ AF Degtyareva, O Gregoryanz, E Somayazulu, M Mao, HK Hemley, RJ TI Crystal structure of the superconducting phases of S and Se SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRESSURE PHASE; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; COMPRESSED SULFUR; BARIUM-IV; TELLURIUM; TRANSITION; SELENIUM; ELEMENTS; GPA AB Compressed S and Se are studied by x-ray diffraction with synchrotron radiation up to 160 GPa. Phase IV of S is shown to have a body-centered monoclinic structure and is stable between 83 and 153 GPa, where it transforms to S-V with a primitive rhombohedral beta-Po structure. Observation of the modulation reflections in S-IV up to 135 GPa shows that its crystal structure is incommensurately modulated, the same as known for Se and Te. Our study on the stability range of the modulated phase of Se (Se-IV) shows that Se-IV transforms to the beta-Po phase Se-V at around 80 GPa. Pressure dependence of the structural parameters of these high-pressure phases in S and Se are discussed in relation to their superconducting behavior. C1 Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Carnegie Inst Washington, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, 5251 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. NR 39 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 21 AR 214104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.214104 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IR UT WOS:000230276600023 ER PT J AU Gateshki, M Petkov, V Williams, G Pradhan, SK Ren, Y AF Gateshki, M Petkov, V Williams, G Pradhan, SK Ren, Y TI Atomic-scale structure of nanocrystalline ZrO2 prepared by high-energy ball milling SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PAIR DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; LOCAL-STRUCTURE; ZIRCONIA; PHASE; STABILIZATION; REFINEMENT AB The atomic-scale structure of nanocrystalline ZrO2 obtained by ball milling has been studied using high-energy x-ray diffraction and the atomic pair distribution function technique. The studies show that, upon relatively short milling times, the parent crystalline material, monoclinic ZrO2, evolves into a nanocrystalline phase that is locally similar to monoclinic zirconia but shows a cubic-type ordering at nanometer-range distances. The result underlines the importance of local structural distortions in stabilizing the technologically important cubic zirconia at room temperature. C1 Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. Univ Burdwan Golapbag, Dept Phys, Burdwan 713104, W Bengal, India. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. EM petkov@phy.cmich.edu OI Pradhan, Swapan Kumar/0000-0002-0774-872X NR 35 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 22 AR 224107 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.224107 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IS UT WOS:000230276700032 ER PT J AU Glans, PA Learmonth, T Smith, KE Guo, J Walsh, A Watson, GW Terzi, F Egdell, RG AF Glans, PA Learmonth, T Smith, KE Guo, J Walsh, A Watson, GW Terzi, F Egdell, RG TI Experimental and theoretical study of the electronic structure of HgO and Tl2O3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY PHOTOEMISSION; CU-O SYSTEM; CRYSTAL THALLIC OXIDE; SN-DOPED IN2O3; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTRA; SEMICONDUCTOR TRANSITION; BULK SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTION; SPECTROSCOPY; STATE AB The electronic structures of HgO and Tl2O3 have been investigated by valence and core-level x-ray photoemission, x-ray absorption, and x-ray emission spectroscopies. Valence-band photoemission under Al K alpha excitation is dominated by the metal 5d partial density of states and thus provides a sensitive probe of shallow core mixing into the O 2p valence-band states. Conversely O K shell emission is determined by the O 2p partial density of states and therefore allows the extent of corresponding mixing of O 2p character into the shallow core states to be measured. The experimental work is supported by band-structure calculations carried out within the framework of density-functional theory. It is shown that the bonding in HgO involves significant mixing between O 2p states and both Hg 6s and shallow core 5d states: the calculated O 2p partial density of states mirrors the O K shell emission spectrum and reveals significant O 2p character within the shallow core Hg 5d states. There is, however, little direct on-site mixing between the Hg 6s and 5d states. In Tl2O3, the hybridization of the deeper metal 5d states with O 2p states is much less pronounced than in HgO. Moreover, the states at the bottom of what is conventionally regarded as the O 2p valence band are found in fact to have very strong Tl 6s atomic character. The photoemission spectrum of Tl2O3 shows a well-defined metallic Fermi edge: the shape of the structure around the photoemission onset suggests that the metallic nature of Tl2O3 arises from an occupation of states above the main valence-band edge, probably arising from oxygen vacancy defects. The conduction electrons of Tl2O3 are strongly perturbed by ionization of Tl core levels, giving rise to distinctive plasmon satellites in core x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dept Chem, Dublin 2, Ireland. Inorgan Chem Lab, Dept Chem, Oxford OX1 3QR, England. RP Terzi, F (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Phys, 590 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM russ.egdell@chem.ox.ac.uk RI Walsh, Aron/A-7843-2008; Watson, Graeme/B-4262-2008; Glans, Per-Anders/G-8674-2016; Terzi, Fabio/N-3270-2015 OI Walsh, Aron/0000-0001-5460-7033; Watson, Graeme/0000-0001-6732-9474; Terzi, Fabio/0000-0003-0226-0300 NR 58 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 23 AR 235109 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.235109 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IT UT WOS:000230276800032 ER PT J AU Good, W Kim, J Goldman, AI Wermeille, D Canfield, PC Cunningham, C Islam, Z Lang, JC Srajer, G Fisher, IR AF Good, W Kim, J Goldman, AI Wermeille, D Canfield, PC Cunningham, C Islam, Z Lang, JC Srajer, G Fisher, IR TI Magnetic structure of GdCo2Ge2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GADOLINIUM COMPOUNDS; SCATTERING; HEAT; TM AB Resonant and nonresonant magnetic x-ray scattering studies of GdCo2Ge2 were performed to determine its magnetic structure at low temperature. This compound orders in an incommensurate antiferromagnetic (AF) structure characterized by a propagation wave vector tau=(0 0 tau(z)). The value of tau(z) is temperature dependent and approaches 0.930 reciprocal lattice units well below T-N=33.25 K. A peak corresponding to 3 tau(z) was also observed, indicating either a squaring up of the magnetic structure or the presence of a noncollinear amplitude modulated structure below T-N. Fitting the angular dependence of the magnetic scattering integrated intensities to the relevant resonant and nonresonant scattering cross sections revealed that the moment direction lies primarily in the tetragonal basal plane. Scattering measurements at the Co K- edge failed to detect any resonant signal, consistent with the absence of a magnetic moment on the Co sites. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Stanford Univ, Adv Mat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Good, W (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM goldman@ameslab.gov RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 22 AR 224427 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.224427 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IS UT WOS:000230276700083 ER PT J AU Gulacsi, M Bussmann-Holder, A Bishop, AR AF Gulacsi, M Bussmann-Holder, A Bishop, AR TI Spin and lattice effects in the Kondo lattice model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; MOLECULAR-CRYSTAL MODEL; ELECTRON-PHONON SYSTEMS; DOUBLE-EXCHANGE; PHASE-DIAGRAM; GROUND-STATE; TRANSVERSE-FIELD; COLOSSAL-MAGNETORESISTANCE; MAGNETIC CORRELATIONS; POLARON MOTION AB The magnetic properties of a system of coexisting localized spins and conduction electrons are investigated within an extended version of the one-dimensional Kondo lattice model in which effects stemming from the electron-lattice and on-site Coulomb interactions are explicitly included. After bosonizing the conduction electrons, is it observed that intrinsic inhomogeneities with the statistical scaling properties of a Griffiths phase appear and determine the spin structure of the localized impurities. The appearance of the inhomogeneities is enhanced by appropriate phonons and acts destructively on the spin ordering. The inhomogeneities appear on well-defined length scales and can be compared to the formation of intrinsic mesoscopic metastable patterns, which are found in two-fluid phenomenologies. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Inst Adv Studies, Dept Theoret Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Australian Natl Univ, Inst Adv Studies, Dept Theoret Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. NR 87 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 21 AR 214415 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.214415 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IR UT WOS:000230276600052 ER PT J AU Hurley, DH Telschow, KL AF Hurley, DH Telschow, KL TI Simultaneous microscopic imaging of elastic and thermal anisotropy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; CONDUCTIVITY; DEFLECTION; WAVES AB Simultaneous imaging of elastic and thermal properties of anisotropic materials with micron (lateral) and nanometer (depth) resolution is presented. This approach employs an ultrafast laser for the generation and detection of thermal and acoustic waves. Demonstrations involving the visualization of thermal waves and surface acoustic waves are presented for single crystal quartz and fused silica substrates sputter coated with chromium films. These images dramatically reveal and contrast the symmetry of thermal and elastic properties and compare favorably with theoretical prediction. This hybrid approach shows great promise to investigate fundamental properties of materials and interfaces on both a low-frequency (elastic wave) and a high-frequency (phonon diffusion) scale. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Hurley, DH (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 24 AR 241410 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.241410 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IU UT WOS:000230276900026 ER PT J AU Iavarone, M Di Capua, R Koshelev, AE Kwok, WK Chiarella, F Vaglio, R Kang, WN Choi, EM Kim, HJ Lee, SI Pogrebnyakov, AV Redwing, JM Xi, XX AF Iavarone, M Di Capua, R Koshelev, AE Kwok, WK Chiarella, F Vaglio, R Kang, WN Choi, EM Kim, HJ Lee, SI Pogrebnyakov, AV Redwing, JM Xi, XX TI Effect of disorder in MgB2 thin films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; SUPERCONDUCTING MGB2; MAGNESIUM DIBORIDE; HEAT AB We report on scanning tunneling spectroscopy studies of magnesium diboride (MgB2) thin films grown by different techniques. The films have critical temperatures ranging between 28 and 41 K with very different upper critical fields. We find that the superconducting gap associated with the sigma band decreases almost linearly with decreasing critical temperature while the gap associated with the pi band is only very weakly affected in the range of critical temperatures above 30 K. In the sample with the lowest critical temperature (28 K) we observe a small increase of the pi gap that can only be explained in terms of an increase in the interband scattering. The tunneling data was analyzed in the framework of the two-band model. The magnetic-field-dependent tunneling spectra and the upper critical field measurements of these disordered samples can be consistently explained in terms of an increase of disorder that mostly affects the pi band in samples with reduced critical temperatures. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Fac Ingn, INFM, Coherentia Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, NCRICS, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Iavarone, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Iavarone, Maria/C-3628-2008; Koshelev, Alexei/K-3971-2013; Chiarella, Fabio/G-2739-2015; Di Capua, Roberto/G-9622-2012 OI Koshelev, Alexei/0000-0002-1167-5906; Chiarella, Fabio/0000-0003-2537-5282; Di Capua, Roberto/0000-0003-3605-0993 NR 37 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 21 AR 214502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.214502 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IR UT WOS:000230276600081 ER PT J AU Islam, Z Haskel, D Lang, JC Srajer, G Liu, X Sinha, SK Veal, BW AF Islam, Z Haskel, D Lang, JC Srajer, G Liu, X Sinha, SK Veal, BW TI High-resolution polarization analysis study of long-range magnetic order in cuprates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; ANTIFERROMAGNETISM; YBA2CU3O6+X; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; LA2CUO4-Y; PHASE; CU AB We demonstrate how x-ray nonresonant magnetic scattering can be successfully used to study long-range-ordered spin-1/2 moments in cuprates. We studied the antiferromagnetic state characterized by q(AF)=(1/2, 1/2, 0), in high-quality single crystals of yttrium barium copper oxides, YBa2Cu3O6+x (x similar to 0.14 and similar to 0.20). We found magnetic correlation lengths of at least similar to 1000 angstrom in all directions. The polarization analysis and momentum dependence of magnetic Bragg peaks are consistent with the magnetic scattering cross section. No detectable magnetic scattering corresponding to (1/2, 1/2, 1/2) was observed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Islam, Z (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM zahir@aps.anl.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 21 AR 212506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.212506 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IR UT WOS:000230276600018 ER PT J AU Jhon, MH Glaeser, AM Chrzan, DC AF Jhon, MH Glaeser, AM Chrzan, DC TI Computational study of stacking faults in sapphire using total energy methods SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ALUMINA BICRYSTALS; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; ALPHA-AL2O3; DISLOCATION; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; DISSOCIATION; AL2O3 AB The structures and energetics of stacking faults on the prism planes in sapphire are studied computationally using total energy methods. Both first principles methods and empirical potentials are used to study four competing stacking fault structures on {1 (1) over bar 00} and one structure on {11 (2) over bar0}. Estimates for the vibrational contribution to the fault energy are obtained using empirical shell-model potentials. The calculated stacking fault energies are combined with anisotropic elasticity theory to predict the structure of low-angle symmetric tilt boundaries. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jhon, MH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mj2k@berkeley.edu; dcchrzan@berkeley.edu RI Jhon, Mark/N-1500-2016 OI Jhon, Mark/0000-0002-9407-8452 NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 21 AR 214101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.214101 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IR UT WOS:000230276600020 ER PT J AU Johannes, MD Singh, DJ AF Johannes, MD Singh, DJ TI Crystal structure and electric field gradients of PbZrO(3) from density functional calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GROUND-STATE PROPERTIES; ANTIFERROELECTRIC PBZRO3; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; X-RAY; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; ORDER PARAMETERS; 1ST PRINCIPLES; SOLID-SOLUTION AB The crystal structure of antiferroelectric PbZrO(3) is reexamined using density functional calculations. These confirm the difference in oxygen positions from early neutron scattering results but are in good agreement with more recent neutron scattering studies. There are small but significant changes in cation positions from previous density functional studies in which they were held fixed. Calculated electric field gradients and pair distribution functions are reported. The results are discussed in relation to the instabilities of the perovskite lattice and the competition between A-site driven ferroelectricity and octahedral rotation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Johannes, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6391, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 34 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 21 AR 212101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.212101 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IR UT WOS:000230276600001 ER PT J AU Johannes, MD Mazin, II Singh, DJ AF Johannes, MD Mazin, II Singh, DJ TI Three-dimensional magnetic interactions in NaxCoO2: First-principles calculations and analysis of exchange mechanisms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; WAVE AB The puzzle of three-dimensional magnetic interactions in the structurally two-dimensional layered-oxide NaxCoO2 is addressed using first-principles calculations and an analysis of the exchange mechanisms. The calculations agree with recent neutron results, favoring the antiferromagnetic stacking of ferromagnetic planes. The superexchange via direct O-O hopping and through intermediate Na sp(2) hybrids couples each Co to its nearest and six next-nearest interplanar neighbors via equivalent paths. The individual exchange constants are rather two-dimensional, like the lattice itself, but due to multiple c-axis exchange paths, the magnetism becomes effectively three-dimensional. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 6391, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 33 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 21 AR 214410 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.214410 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IR UT WOS:000230276600047 ER PT J AU Kang, HJ Dai, P Mook, HA Argyriou, DN Sikolenko, V Lynn, JW Kurita, Y Komiya, S Ando, Y AF Kang, HJ Dai, P Mook, HA Argyriou, DN Sikolenko, V Lynn, JW Kurita, Y Komiya, S Ando, Y TI Electronically competing phases and their magnetic field dependence in electron-doped nonsuperconducting and superconducting Pr0.88LaCe0.12CuO4 +/-delta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR; CONDENSED-MATTER PHYSICS; T-C SUPERCONDUCTOR; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ANTIFERROMAGNETIC ORDER; SPURIOUS MAGNETISM; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; SPIN; STATE; PR2CUO4 AB We present comprehensive neutron scattering studies of nonsuperconducting and superconducting electron-doped Pr0.88LaCe0.12CuO4 +/-delta (PLCCO). At zero field, the transition from antiferromagnetic (AF) as-grown PLCCO to superconductivity without static antiferromagnetism can be achieved by annealing the sample in pure Ar at different temperatures, which also induces an epitaxial (Pr, La, Ce)(2)O-3 phase as an impurity. When the superconductivity first appears in PLCCO, a quasi-two-dimensional (2D) spin-density-wave (SDW) order is also induced, and both coexist with the residual three-dimensional (3D) AF state. A magnetic field applied along the [(1) over bar, 1, 0] direction parallel to the CuO2 plane induces a "spin-flop" transition, where the noncollinear AF spin structure of PLCCO is transformed into a collinear one. The spin-flop transition is continuous in semiconducting PLCCO, but gradually becomes sharp with increasing doping and the appearance of superconductivity. A c-axis aligned magnetic field that suppresses the superconductivity also enhances the quasi-2D SDW order at (0.5, 0.5, 0) for underdoped PLCCO. However, there is no effect on the 3D AF order in either superconducting or nonsuperconducting samples. Since the same field along the [(1) over bar, 1, 0] direction in the CuO2 plane has no (or little) effect on the superconductivity, (0.5, 0.5, 0) and (Pr, La, Ce)(2)O-3 impurity positions, we conclude that the c-axis field-induced effect is intrinsic to PLCCO and arises from the suppression of superconductivity. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Komae, Tokyo 2018511, Japan. RP Kang, HJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM daip@ornl.gov RI Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; Ando, Yoichi/B-8163-2013; Sikolenko, Vadim/D-3869-2011 OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; Ando, Yoichi/0000-0002-3553-3355; Sikolenko, Vadim/0000-0001-5252-6870 NR 59 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 21 AR 214512 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.214512 PG 17 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IR UT WOS:000230276600091 ER PT J AU Kimura, T Lawes, G Goto, T Tokura, Y Ramirez, AP AF Kimura, T Lawes, G Goto, T Tokura, Y Ramirez, AP TI Magnetoelectric phase diagrams of orthorhombic RMnO3 (R=Gd, Tb, and Dy) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM-CHLORIDE DIHYDRATE; TEMPERATURE PHASE; TERBIUM ORTHOFERRITE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DEVILS STAIRCASE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; TRANSITIONS; POLARIZATION; LAMNO3 AB Magnetoelectric phase diagrams have been investigated for rare-earth manganites with orthorhombically distorted perovskite structure, RMnO3 (R=Gd, Tb, and Dy). A variety of magnetic and electric phases emerge with varying R-site ion, temperature, and magnetic field in these systems. The magnetoelectric phase diagram varies sensitively with the direction of a magnetic field relative to the crystallographic axes. Although the ground state of GdMnO3 with the largest ionic radius of R(r(R)) is not ferroelectric in zero magnetic fields (H=0), a ferroelectric phase with electric polarization (P) along the a axis appears by applying H(>similar to 1 T) along the b axis. Both TbMnO3 and DyMnO3 show a ferroelectric order with P along the c axis even at H=0 below a lock-in transition temperature where nonzero wave vectors for magnetic and lattice modulations become nearly constant. These systems also exhibit a flop of the ferroelectric polarization (P parallel to c to P parallel to a) when H is applied along the a or b axis. By contrast, the application of H above similar to 10 T along the c axis completely suppresses the ferroelectricity in TbMnO3. Possible origins of the observed evolution of magnetoelectric phases are discussed in consideration of magnetism and lattice distortion in the perovskite rare-earth manganites. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. ERATO, Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, Superstruct Project, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058562, Japan. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Kimura, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Tokura, Yoshinori/C-7352-2009 NR 40 TC 435 Z9 438 U1 16 U2 149 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 22 AR 224425 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.224425 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IS UT WOS:000230276700081 ER PT J AU Koschny, T Markos, P Economou, EN Smith, DR Vier, DC Soukoulis, CM AF Koschny, T Markos, P Economou, EN Smith, DR Vier, DC Soukoulis, CM TI Impact of inherent periodic structure on effective medium description of left-handed and related metamaterials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-NEGATIVE METAMATERIALS; LOW-FREQUENCY PLASMONS; FREE-SPACE; TRANSMISSION PROPERTIES; MAGNETIC ACTIVITY; PERMITTIVITY; PERMEABILITY; INDEX AB We study the frequency dependence of the effective electromagnetic parameters of left-handed and related metamaterials of the split ring resonator and wire type. We show that the reduced translational symmetry (periodic structure) inherent to these metamaterials influences their effective electromagnetic response. To anticipate this periodicity, we formulate a periodic effective medium model which enables us to distinguish the resonant behavior of electromagnetic parameters from effects of the periodicity of the structure. We use this model for the analysis of numerical data for the transmission and reflection of periodic arrays of split ring resonators, thin metallic wires, cut wires, as well as the left-handed structures. The present method enables us to identify the origin of the previously observed resonance-antiresonance coupling as well as the occurrence of negative imaginary parts in the effective permittivities and permeabilities of those materials. Our analysis shows that the periodicity of the structure can be neglected only for the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave larger than 30 space periods of the investigated structure. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. FORTH, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, Iraklion 71110, Greece. Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Bratislava 84511, Slovakia. Univ Crete, Dept Phys, Iraklion 71110, Greece. Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Crete, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Iraklion 71110, Greece. RP Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008; Economou, Eleftherios /E-6374-2010; Smith, David/E-4710-2012 NR 45 TC 209 Z9 212 U1 5 U2 38 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 24 AR 245105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.245105 PG 22 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IU UT WOS:000230276900031 ER PT J AU Kyker, AB Pickett, WE Gygi, F AF Kyker, AB Pickett, WE Gygi, F TI Fermiology and Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov phase formation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC SUPERCONDUCTOR KAPPA-(BEDT-TTF)(2)CU(NCS)(2); UPPER CRITICAL-FIELD; FERROMAGNETIC SUPERCONDUCTORS; STATE; BIS(ETHYLENE-DITHIO)TETRATHIAFULVALENE AB The Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations for singlet superconductivity in an exchange field are analyzed with real materials having complex Fermi surfaces in mind. The resulting gap equation is reformulated in terms of a velocity spectrum on the Fermi surface in which the surface geometry is built in. The resulting analysis can readily be used for arbitrary dispersion relations. Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) phases are studied in the temperature-field plane, with results providing a physically clear interpretation of why certain directions of pair momentum q are energetically favored. We present clarifying results for models (the two-dimensional square Fermi surface, one-, two-, and three-dimensional isotropic surfaces) and provide an application to the weak ferromagnetic ZrZn2 showing it is not a favorable case for an FFLO phase. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kyker, AB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 22 AR 224517 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.224517 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IS UT WOS:000230276700105 ER PT J AU Lee, BK Hong, JB Kim, JW Jang, KH Mun, ED Jung, MH Kimura, S Park, T Park, JG Kwon, YS AF Lee, BK Hong, JB Kim, JW Jang, KH Mun, ED Jung, MH Kimura, S Park, T Park, JG Kwon, YS TI Kondo ground states and non-Fermi-liquid behavior in CeNi1-xCoxGe2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANOMALOUS MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; CERIUM IMPURITIES; CE MONOPNICTIDES; DISORDER; SYSTEMS; MODEL; HEAT; MECHANISM; ALLOYS; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB We report measurements of the magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, and electrical resistivity of the heavy fermion alloy series CeNi1-xCoxGe2. With increasing x, hybridization between the localized 4f and conduction band electrons is enhanced. The magnetic order observed at x=0 is completely suppressed at x=0.3 and non-Fermi-liquid behavior appears at the critical concentration, which is analyzed in terms of two-dimensional antiferromagnetic quantum fluctuations. Specific heat and magnetic susceptibility data are quantitatively explained by the Coqblin-Schrieffer model with degenerate impurity spin j=1/2, 3/2, and 5/2 for Co concentration range of x <= 0.6, 0.7 <= x <= 0.8, and x >= 0.9, respectively. C1 Sungkyunkwan Univ, BK21 Phys Res Div, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Inst Basic Sci, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Inst Mol Sci, UVSOR Facil, Okazaki, Aichi 4448585, Japan. Seoul Natl Univ, Ctr Strongly Correlated Mat Res, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Korea Basic Sci Inst, Natl Res Lab Mat Sci, Taejon 305333, South Korea. RP Kwon, YS (reprint author), Sungkyunkwan Univ, BK21 Phys Res Div, Suwon 440746, South Korea. EM yskwon@skku.ac.kr RI Park, Tuson/A-1520-2012; Kimura, Shin-ichi/D-7179-2011; Park, Je Geun/K-8571-2013 OI Kimura, Shin-ichi/0000-0003-1091-196X; NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 21 AR 214433 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.214433 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IR UT WOS:000230276600070 ER PT J AU Li, G Shinar, J Jabbour, GE AF Li, G Shinar, J Jabbour, GE TI Electroluminescence-detected magnetic resonance studies of Pt octaethyl porphyrin-based phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PI-CONJUGATED POLYMERS; ELECTROPHOSPHORESCENT DEVICES; INTERFACE FORMATION; EXCITON DYNAMICS; TRIPLET EXCITONS; DIODES; SINGLET; FILMS; POLARONS; CATHODE AB The electroluminescence (EL)-detected magnetic resonance (ELDMR) of 0, 1, 2.5, 6, and 20 wt. % Pt octaethyl porphyrin (PtOEP)-doped tris(8-hydroxyquinolinate)Al (Alq3)-based phosphorescent multilayer organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) is described. In 1 wt.%-doped devices, the ELDMR from the PtOEP and Alq3 emission are both very similar to that of undoped devices. They exhibit a positive (EL-enhancing) spin-(1)(/2) polaron resonance at 10 <= T <= 50 K, whose magnitude Delta I-EL/ I-EL increases with current and weakens with increasing T, and a negative (EL-quenching) resonance at 50 K <= T, which grows with T. At 295 K, vertical bar Delta I-EL/I(EL)vertical bar decreases with current. The enhancing resonance is attributed to the magnetic-resonance reduction of singlet exciton (SE) quenching by a reduced population of polarons and host triplet excitons (TEs). The reduction in the TE and polaron populations is, in turn, due to the spin-dependent annihilation of host TEs by polarons, which is enhanced under magnetic resonance conditions. Since the polaron and host TE populations are much greater than the SE population, the polaron-host TE interaction is identified as one of the major interactions which govern the dynamics of the excited states in OLEDs. The quenching resonance is attributed to magnetic resonance enhancement of formation of dianions at the organic/cathode interface, which increases the charge density at that interface, and consequently the rate of field-induced host SE dissociation. Both the enhancing and quenching resonances weaken as the PtOEP concentration increases; at 6 wt. %, the enhancing resonance is undetectable and the quenching resonance is very weak (vertical bar Delta I-EL/ I(EL)vertical bar similar to 2 X 10(- 5)). The results can be explained by assuming that the ELDMR of the guest emission is due to the effect of magnetic resonance conditions on the host SEs. A rate equation model is established to explain the evolution of the ELDMR with dye concentration. Since the foregoing quenching mechanisms are believed to be responsible for the drop in the efficiency eta(ext) of fluorescent OLEDs at high current, the present results indicate that they are also responsible for the drop in eta(ext) of phosphorescent OLEDs at high current. In the 20 wt. %-doped devices, the spin- 1 2 polaron resonance is negative at all T, and Delta I-EL/ I(EL)vertical bar and the resonance linewidth decrease with increasing T. vertical bar Delta I-EL/ I(EL)vertical bar weakly current dependent at both 20 K and 295 K. This behavior is consistent with the dianion model, if the dianion density decreases with increasing T. This is probably due to a low barrier for thermal dissociation of the dianions. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Arizona State Univ, Flexible Display Ctr, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. RP Shinar, J (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM shinar@ameslab.gov RI Li, Gang/A-5667-2012 OI Li, Gang/0000-0001-8399-7771 NR 57 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 23 AR 235211 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.235211 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IT UT WOS:000230276800053 ER PT J AU Liu, HZ Ding, Y Somayazulu, M Qian, J Shu, J Hausermann, D Mao, HK AF Liu, HZ Ding, Y Somayazulu, M Qian, J Shu, J Hausermann, D Mao, HK TI Rietveld refinement study of the pressure dependence of the internal structural parameter u in the wurtzite phase of ZnO SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ZINC-OXIDE; DIFFRACTION; TRANSITION AB The pressure dependence of the internal structural parameter u of the wurtzite phase of ZnO was studied using high resolution angular dispersive x-ray diffraction up to 12 GPa in a helium pressure medium. The u parameter increases with pressure up to about 0.430 at about 5.6 GPa, and then rapidly decrease to about 0.380 during the phase transition. Two models of the phase transition path were proposed recently by first-principles calculations [A. M. Saitta and F. Decremps, Phys. Rev. B 70, 035214 (2004); S. Limpijumnong and S. Jungthawan, Phys. Rev. B 70, 054104 (2004)]. These possible mechanisms responsible for the wurtzite-to-rocksalt phase transition under high pressure are experimentally evaluated based on our results. The bulk moduli of the wurtzite and rocksalt phase at zero pressure were estimated as 135.3 +/- 1.8 and 177.4 +/- 4.6 GPa, respectively. C1 HPCAT, Adv Photon Source, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Lujan Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Liu, HZ (reprint author), HPCAT, Adv Photon Source, Argonne Natl Lab, Bldg 434E, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Liu, Haozhe/E-6169-2011; Ding, Yang/K-1995-2014 OI Ding, Yang/0000-0002-8845-4618 NR 29 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 21 AR 212103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.212103 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IR UT WOS:000230276600003 ER PT J AU Luo, JW Li, SS Xia, JB Wang, LW AF Luo, JW Li, SS Xia, JB Wang, LW TI Photoluminescence pressure coefficients of InAs/GaAs quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; DIAMOND; ENERGY; STATES AB We have investigated the ground exciton energy pressure coefficients of self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots by calculating 21 systems with different quantum dot shape, size, and alloying profile using the atomistic empirical pseudopotential method. Our results confirm the experimentally observed significant reductions of the exciton energy pressure coefficients from the bulk values. We show that the nonlinear pressure coefficients of the bulk InAs and GaAs are responsible for these reductions, and the percentage of the electron wave function on top of GaAs atoms is responsible for the variation of this reduction. We also find a pressure coefficient versus exciton energy relationship which agrees quantitatively with the experimental results. We find linear relationships which can be used to get the information of the electron wave functions from exciton energy pressure coefficient measurements. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Semicond, State Key Lab Superlattices & Microstruct, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Semicond, State Key Lab Superlattices & Microstruct, POB 912, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM lwwang@lbl.gov RI LUO, JUN-WEI/A-8491-2010; LUO, JUNWEI/B-6545-2013 NR 24 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 24 AR 245315 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.245315 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IU UT WOS:000230276900070 ER PT J AU Monchesky, TL Enders, A Urban, R Myrtle, K Heinrich, B Zhang, XG Butler, WH Kirschner, J AF Monchesky, TL Enders, A Urban, R Myrtle, K Heinrich, B Zhang, XG Butler, WH Kirschner, J TI Spin-dependent transport in Fe and Fe/Au multilayers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; MAGNETIC MULTILAYERS; CO/CU SUPERLATTICES; EXCHANGE; SCATTERING; ROUGHNESS; FILMS; TRANSMISSION; REFLECTION; CONDUCTION AB In situ resistance measurements of epitaxial Fe layers and Au/Fe bilayers were used to quantify the scattering in giant magnetoresistance (GMR) spin valve structures. The semiclassical Boltzmann transport equation, incorporating first-principles local density functional calculations, fitted the thickness dependence of the conductivity. Fits to the data indicate that Fe has a large spin asymmetry with bulk relaxation times tau(down arrow)=3.0x10(-14) s and tau(up arrow)=2.5x10(-15) s. These give a conductivity equal to that of bulk Fe. The interface scattering from the Fe/GaAs, the Fe/vacuum, and the Au/vacuum interfaces is purely diffuse. This is in contrast to the high electron reflection coefficients determined from kinematical calculations using scanning tunneling microscope images. Fits to conductivity measurements of Au/Fe/GaAs(001) indicate that the Au films have the conductivity of bulk material modified only by interface scattering. The GMR of Au/Fe/Au/Fe/GaAs(001) structures is 1.8% at room temperature and 2.9% at 10 K. The magnetoresistance is reduced by the presence of partial diffuse scattering at the inner interfaces, as indicated by the fits to both the GMR and the Au conductivity. The GMR in Fe/Au structures is intrinsically low due to a large electron band mismatch between Au and Fe band structures. C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Univ Alabama, Ctr Mat Informat Technol, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Max Planck Inst Mikrostrukturphys, D-06120 Halle Saale, Germany. RP Monchesky, TL (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. OI Monchesky, Theodore/0000-0001-7401-7866 NR 35 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 21 AR 214440 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.214440 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IR UT WOS:000230276600077 ER PT J AU Norman, MR AF Norman, MR TI Hall number in YbRh2Si2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM CRITICAL-POINT; F-ELECTRON METALS; PHASE-TRANSITION; HEAVY AB Recent experimental studies have revealed an abrupt change in the Hall number at a field tuned quantum critical point in the heavy fermion magnet YbRh2Si2. We investigate this by calculating the local density band structure for this metal and the appropriate transport integrals. We find the Fermi surface to be multisheeted with the two largest sheets having opposite sign contributions to the Hall number. Small changes in the f electron occupation are sufficient to reproduce the observed large change in the Hall number. This suggests that YbRh2Si2 may be an example of a quantum critical valence fluctuator. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Norman, MR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Norman, Michael/C-3644-2013 NR 18 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 22 AR 220405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.220405 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IS UT WOS:000230276700009 ER PT J AU Nussinov, Z Shnirman, A Arovas, DP Balatsky, AV Zhu, JX AF Nussinov, Z Shnirman, A Arovas, DP Balatsky, AV Zhu, JX TI Spin and spin-wave dynamics in Josephson junctions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; QUANTUM DYNAMICS; RESONANCE; SUPERCONDUCTORS; MOLECULES; CURRENTS; SILICON; STM AB We extend the Keldysh formulation to quantum spin systems and derive exact equations of motion. This allows us to explore the dynamics of single spins and of ferromagnets when these are inserted between superconducting leads. Several new effects are reported. Chief amongst these are nutations of single S=1/2 spins in Josephson junctions. These nutations are triggered by the superconducting pairing correlations in the leads. Similarly, we find that on rather universal grounds, magnets display unconventional spin wave dynamics when placed in Josephson junctions. These lead to modifications in the tunneling current. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63160 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Theoret Festkorperphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Nussinov, Z (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 37 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 21 AR 214520 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.214520 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IR UT WOS:000230276600099 ER PT J AU Posselt, M Gao, F Zwicker, D AF Posselt, M Gao, F Zwicker, D TI Atomistic study of the migration of di- and tri-interstitials in silicon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INTRINSIC POINT-DEFECTS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; CRYSTALLINE SILICON; COLLISION CASCADES; SELF-DIFFUSION; SI; CLUSTERS; ENERGETICS; GERMANIUM AB A comprehensive study on the migration of di- and tri-interstitials in silicon is performed using classical molecular dynamics simulations with the Stillinger-Weber potential. At first the structure and energetics of the di- and the tri-interstitial are investigated, and the accuracy of the interatomic potential is tested by comparing the results with literature data obtained by tight-binding and density-functional-theory calculations. Then the migration is investigated for temperatures between 800 and 1600 K. Very long simulation times, large computational cells and different initial conditions are considered. The defect diffusivity, the self-diffusion coefficient per defect and the corresponding effective migration barriers are calculated. Compared to the mono-interstitial, the di-interstitial migrates faster, whereas the tri-interstitial diffuses slower. The mobility of the di- and the mono-interstitial is higher than the mobility of the lattice atoms during the diffusion of these defects. On the other hand, the tri-interstitial mobility is lower than the corresponding atomic mobility. The migration mechanism of the di-interstitial shows a pronounced dependence on the temperature. At low temperature a high mobility on zig-zag-like lines along a < 110 > axis within a {110} plane is found, whereas the change between equivalent < 110 > directions or equivalent {110} planes occurs seldom and requires a long time. At high temperature a frequent change between equivalent < 110 > directions or {110} planes is observed. During the diffusion within {110} planes the di-interstitial moves like a wave packet so that the atomic mobility is lower than that of the defect. On the other hand, the change between equivalent {110} migration planes is characterized by frequent atomic rearrangements. The visual analysis of the tri-interstitial diffusion reveals complex migration mechanisms and a high atomic mobility. The diffusivities and effective migration barriers obtained are compared with the few data from the literature. The implications of the present results for the explanation of experimental data on defect evolution and migration are discussed. C1 Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Ion Beam Phys & Mat Res, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Ion Beam Phys & Mat Res, POB 510119, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. EM M.Posselt@fz-rossendorf.de RI Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012; Zwicker, David/D-2010-2012 OI Zwicker, David/0000-0002-3909-3334 NR 55 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 24 AR 245202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.245202 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IU UT WOS:000230276900052 ER PT J AU Samara, GA AF Samara, GA TI Relaxor properties of compositionally disordered perovskites: Ba- and Bi-substituted Pb(Zr1-xTix)O-3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LEAD-ZIRCONATE-TITANATE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; FERROELECTRICS; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS AB Dielectric spectroscopy, lattice structure, and thermal properties have revealed the relaxor dielectric response of Ba-substituted lead zirconate/titanate (PZT) having the composition (Pb0.71Ba0.29) (Zr0.71Ti0.29)O-3 and containing 2 at. % Bi as an additive. The relaxor behavior is attributed to the compositional disorder introduced by the substitution of Ba2+ at the A site and Bi3+/5+ at the B site (and possibly A site) of the ABO(3) PZT host lattice. Analysis of the results gives clear evidence for the nucleation of polar nanodomains at a temperature much higher than the peak (T-m) in the dielectric susceptibility. These nanodomains grow in size as their correlation length increases with decreasing temperature, and ultimately their dipolar fluctuations slow down below T-m leading to the formation of the relaxor state. The influences of hydrostatic pressure on the dielectric susceptibility and the dynamics of the relaxation of the polar nanodomains were investigated and can be understood in terms of the decrease in the size of the nanodomains with pressure. The influence of dc electrical bias on the susceptibility was also investigated. Physical models of the relaxor response of this material are discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Samara, GA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 22 AR 224108 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.224108 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IS UT WOS:000230276700033 ER PT J AU Sebastian, SE Yin, D Tanedo, P Jorge, GA Harrison, N Jaime, M Mozharivskyj, Y Miller, G Krzystek, J Zvyagin, SA Fisher, IR AF Sebastian, SE Yin, D Tanedo, P Jorge, GA Harrison, N Jaime, M Mozharivskyj, Y Miller, G Krzystek, J Zvyagin, SA Fisher, IR TI High-field behavior of the spin gap compound Sr2Cu(BO3)(2) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DIMER GROUND-STATE; SYSTEM SRCU2(BO3)(2); MAGNETIC-FIELD; LADDERS AB We report magnetization and heat capacity measurements of single crystal samples of the spin gap compound Sr2Cu(BO3)(2). Low-field data show that the material has a singlet ground state comprising dimers with intradimer coupling J=100 K. High field data reveal the role of weak interdimer coupling. For fields that are large compared to the spin gap, triplet excitations are observed for significantly smaller fields than predicted for isolated dimers, indicating that weak interdimer coupling leads to triplet delocalization. High field magnetization behavior at low temperatures suggests additional cooperative effects. C1 Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. MST, NHMFL, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Sebastian, SE (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Zvyagin, Sergei/H-8389-2014; Jaime, Marcelo/F-3791-2015 OI Jaime, Marcelo/0000-0001-5360-5220 NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 21 AR 212405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.212405 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IR UT WOS:000230276600009 ER PT J AU Segal, M Baldo, MA Lee, MK Shinar, J Soos, ZG AF Segal, M Baldo, MA Lee, MK Shinar, J Soos, ZG TI Frequency response and origin of the spin-1/2 photoluminescence-detected magnetic resonance in a pi-conjugated polymer SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; PHOTOEXCITED STATES; POLY(PARA-PHENYLENE VINYLENE); TRIPLET EXCITONS; ABSORPTION; POLARONS; FILMS; C-60; RECOMBINATION; LUMINESCENCE AB We model the frequency responses of the photoinduced absorption (PA) and the spin-1/2 photoluminescence-detected magnetic resonance (PLDMR) in the archetypal pi-conjugated polymer poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene]. We show that the frequency response of the resonance is consistent with a quenching model mediated by spin-dependent interactions between triplet excitons and polarons. Two polaron populations are identified: short-lived paired polarons that may recombine after spin-dependent collisions with triplet excitons, and long-lived unpaired polarons that are unaffected by microwave resonance. The large density of unpaired polarons dominates the frequency response of PA measurements, but does not influence the frequency response of the PLDMR, which instead probes the dynamics of triplet excitons and paired polarons. C1 MIT, Dept Elect Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Baldo, MA (reprint author), MIT, Dept Elect Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM baldo@mit.edu; shinar@ameslab.gov NR 34 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 24 AR 245201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.245201 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IU UT WOS:000230276900051 ER PT J AU Seidel, A Lin, HH Lee, DH AF Seidel, A Lin, HH Lee, DH TI Phonons in Hubbard ladders studied within the framework of the one-loop renormalization group SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; MODEL; SUPERCONDUCTORS AB We study the effects of phonons in N-leg Hubbard ladders within the framework of a one-loop renormalization group. In particular, we explicitly demonstrate that the role of phonons changes qualitatively even in the simplest two-leg ladder, as compared-to the single-chain system where phonons always dominate. Our numerical results suggest that in the spin-gapped phase of the two-leg ladder, the opening of the spin gap by electron-electron interaction also drives the electron-phonon interaction to strong coupling, but in a subdominant fashion. Therefore, even though the inclusion of phonons does not alter the phase, their subdominant relevance strongly renormalizes some physical properties below the energy scale of the spin gap. This might shine some light on recent experiments showing an anomalous isotope effect in high-temperature superconductors. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. Natl Ctr Theoret Sci, Div Phys, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. RP Seidel, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Lin, Hsiu-Hau/0000-0001-6184-386X NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 22 AR 220501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.220501 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IS UT WOS:000230276700016 ER PT J AU Sharma, HR Shimoda, M Fournee, V Ross, AR Lograsso, TA Tsai, AP AF Sharma, HR Shimoda, M Fournee, V Ross, AR Lograsso, TA Tsai, AP TI RHEED and STM studies of the pseudo-tenfold surface of the xi(')-Al77.5Pd19Mn3.5 approximant crystal SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID AL-PD-MN; ENERGY-ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ICOSAHEDRAL QUASI-CRYSTALS; CU-FE SURFACE; FIVEFOLD SURFACE; ALPDMN SURFACE; DYNAMICAL LEED; 5-FOLD SURFACE; HE DIFFRACTION AB The pseudo-tenfold surface of the xi'-Al77.5Pd19Mn3.5 crystal, an approximant of the icosahedral Al-Pd-Mn quasicrystal, is investigated by reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and scanning tunneling microscopy. The observed RHEED patterns of the surface after sputtering are found to be consistent with those of a simple cubic lattice with (1(1) over bar 0) surface plane. The [001] and [110] axes of the surface plane are oriented along the principal low-index axes of the bulk. The RHEED patterns of the sputter-annealed surface consist of diffraction streaks with periodic spacings expected for the bulk truncated surface. The surface prepared under different preparation methods is found to exhibit different step-height distribution and terrace morphology. A longer annealing yields a high density of shallow pentagonal pits on terraces, separated predominantly by 0.80-nm high steps and occasionally by double steps. In contrast, the surface prepared with shorter annealing time exhibits highly perfect terraces with 0.80-nm-high steps and additional unusual steps of heights close to 0.40 nm. All step heights observed for both preparation methods are consistent with interlayer spacings of the bulk model. C1 Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. Ecole Mines, CNRS, UMR7584, F-54042 Nancy, France. Ames Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Tohoku Univ, Inst Multidisciplinary Res Adv Mat, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Natl Inst Mat Sci, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. EM hemraj.sharma@nims.go.jp OI Sharma, Hem Raj/0000-0003-0456-6258 NR 55 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 22 AR 224201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.224201 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IS UT WOS:000230276700045 ER PT J AU Singh, DJ AF Singh, DJ TI Comment on "Structural stability and electronic structure for Li3AlH6" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Editorial Material ID REVERSIBLE HYDROGEN STORAGE AB Density functional calculations of the electronic structure are used to elucidate the bonding of Li3AlH6. It is found that this material is best described as ionic, and in particular that the [AlH6](3-) units are not reasonably viewed as substantially covalent. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Singh, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 21 AR 216101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.216101 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IR UT WOS:000230276600104 ER PT J AU Tan, L Kreyssig, A Kim, JW Goldman, AI McQueeney, RJ Wermeille, D Sieve, B Lograsso, TA Schlagel, DL Budko, SL Pecharsky, VK Gschneidner, KA AF Tan, L Kreyssig, A Kim, JW Goldman, AI McQueeney, RJ Wermeille, D Sieve, B Lograsso, TA Schlagel, DL Budko, SL Pecharsky, VK Gschneidner, KA TI Magnetic structure of Gd5Ge4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-RESISTANCE; TRANSITION; GD-5(SI2GE2); DIFFRACTION; SCATTERING; FIELD AB Gd5Ge4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma, and orders antiferromagnetically below the Neel temperature T(N)similar to 127 K. We have employed x-ray resonant magnetic scattering to elucidate the details of the magnetic structure. The magnetic unit cell is the same as the chemical unit cell. From azimuth scans and the Q dependence of the magnetic scattering, all three Gd sites in the structure were determined to be in the same magnetic space group Pnm'a. The magnetic moments are primarily aligned along the c axis and the c components of the magnetic moments at the three different sites are equal. The ferromagnetic Gd-rich slabs are stacked antiferromagnetically along the b direction. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Tan, L (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM goldman@ameslab.gov RI McQueeney, Robert/A-2864-2016 OI McQueeney, Robert/0000-0003-0718-5602 NR 20 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 21 AR 214408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.214408 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IR UT WOS:000230276600045 ER PT J AU Tse, JS Klug, DD Guthrie, M Tulk, CA Benmore, CJ Urquidi, J AF Tse, JS Klug, DD Guthrie, M Tulk, CA Benmore, CJ Urquidi, J TI Investigation of the intermediate- and high-density forms of amorphous ice by molecular dynamics calculations and diffraction experiments SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE-INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; LIQUID WATER; X-RAY; PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; ISOSBESTIC POINTS; SIMULATION; MODEL; FLUCTUATION AB The lack of an "isosbestic" point in the oxygen-oxygen atom radial distribution functions (RDFs) for the HDA -> LDA ice transformation at ambient pressure derived from molecular dynamics (MD) calculations show unequivocally that intermediate phases are not equilibrium mixtures of these two amorphous forms. This is supported by x-ray structure factor data, where it is found that linear combinations of the starting and end amorphous forms do not describe intermediate forms of amorphous ice formed during the transformation. This reflects the fact that the x-ray data are heavily weighted to O-O correlations and therefore sensitive to the basic structural changes that occur during the relaxation process. The ice Ih -> HDA transformation is also reexamined using MD to identify its thermodynamic nature. This apparently first-order transition induced by a mechanical instability is investigated by compression followed by decompression to negative pressures. In this study we demonstrated that the full van der Waals loop for this transition can be identified. C1 Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Mol Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tse, JS (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. RI Guthrie, Malcolm/K-3099-2012; Tulk, Chris/R-6088-2016; OI Tulk, Chris/0000-0003-3400-3878; Benmore, Chris/0000-0001-7007-7749 NR 41 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 21 AR 214107 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.214107 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IR UT WOS:000230276600026 ER PT J AU Vinnikov, LY Anderegg, J Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC Kogan, VG AF Vinnikov, LY Anderegg, J Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC Kogan, VG TI Domain structure in ErNi2B2C and HoNi2B2C single crystals observed by a high-resolution Bitter decoration technique SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC ORDER; ORTHORHOMBIC DISTORTION; CRITICAL CURRENTS; PHASE-TRANSITION; VORTEX STRUCTURE; FLUX-LATTICE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; STATE; YNI2B2C; YBA2CU3O6+X AB Peculiarities of the superconducting vortex lattice structures in ErNi2B2C and HoNi2B2C single crystals were studied by the high resolution Bitter decoration technique. Instead of forming uniform vortex lattices, rows of vortices, associated with pinning by magnetic twin boundaries, were observed in the superconducting state, below the antiferromagnetic transition temperatures, in both compounds. Crystallographic aspects of the vortex pinning by the magnetic twin boundaries in the RNi2B2C(R=rare earth) are discussed. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Vinnikov, LY (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 22 AR 224513 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.224513 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IS UT WOS:000230276700101 ER PT J AU Wesolowski, R Haraldsen, JT Cao, J Musfeldt, JL Olejniczak, I Choi, J Wang, YJ Schlueter, JA AF Wesolowski, R Haraldsen, JT Cao, J Musfeldt, JL Olejniczak, I Choi, J Wang, YJ Schlueter, JA TI Understanding the totally symmetric intramolecular vibrations in kappa-phase organic superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BEDT-TTF; PHONON; RAMAN; TEMPERATURE; CHARGE; STATE; BIS(ETHYLENEDITHIO)TETRATHIAFULVALENE; CONDUCTORS; CRYSTAL AB We report magnetoinfrared measurements of two quasi-isostructural kappa-phase organic molecular solids: kappa-(ET)(2)Cu[N(CN)(2)]Br (T-c=11.6 K) and the nonsuperconducting kappa-(ET)(2)Cu[N(CN)(2)]Cl analog. Our results support the contributing role of electron-molecular vibrational coupling to superconductivity in layered organic superconductors, and we identify the most important totally symmetric modes in kappa-(ET)(2)Cu[N(CN)(2)]Br within the nonplanar molecular building block picture. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Mol Phys, PL-60179 Poznan, Poland. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wesolowski, R (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Cao, Jinbo/C-7537-2009; Haraldsen, Jason/B-9809-2012 OI Haraldsen, Jason/0000-0002-8641-5412 NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 21 AR 214514 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.214514 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IR UT WOS:000230276600093 ER PT J AU Won, C Wu, YZ Choi, J Kim, W Scholl, A Doran, A Owens, T Wu, J Jin, XF Zhao, HW Qiu, ZQ AF Won, C Wu, YZ Choi, J Kim, W Scholl, A Doran, A Owens, T Wu, J Jin, XF Zhao, HW Qiu, ZQ TI Magnetic stripe melting at the spin reorientation transition in Fe/Ni/Cu(001) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID THIN FERROMAGNETIC FILM; ULTRATHIN FILMS; INPLANE MAGNETIZATION; DOMAIN-STRUCTURES; TEMPERATURE; MONOLAYER; WEDGES AB Magnetic stripe domains in Fe/Ni/Cu(001) were imaged and studied using photoemission electron microscopy. The stripe domain width decreases exponentially as the system approaches the spin reorientation transition (SRT) point. A reduction of the Curie temperature (T-C) is observed within a narrow gap of the SRT region. For film with fixed thickness, the stripe domains below T-C represent only part of the stripe phase due to a higher SRT temperature than T-C. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. KRISS, Taejon, South Korea. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, IOP, Int Ctr Quantum Struct, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Won, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI wu, YiZheng/O-1547-2013; Wu, yizheng/P-2395-2014; Scholl, Andreas/K-4876-2012; Qiu, Zi Qiang/O-4421-2016 OI Wu, yizheng/0000-0002-9289-1271; Qiu, Zi Qiang/0000-0003-0680-0714 NR 24 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 22 AR 224429 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.224429 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IS UT WOS:000230276700085 ER PT J AU Young, BL Curro, NJ Sidorov, VA Thompson, JD Sarrao, JL AF Young, BL Curro, NJ Sidorov, VA Thompson, JD Sarrao, JL TI NQR and T-1 studies of the high-pressure phase in YbInCu4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID 1ST-ORDER VALENCE TRANSITION; ALPHA-GAMMA-TRANSITION; KONDO VOLUME-COLLAPSE; FERMI-LIQUID BEHAVIOR; FALICOV-KIMBALL MODEL; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; YBXIN1-XCU2; TEMPERATURE; YB AB The pressure and temperature phase diagram of YbInCu4 has been investigated by nuclear quadrupolar resonance (NQR) and spin-lattice relaxation rate (T-1(-1)) experiments. The pressure dependence of the Cu-63 NQR frequency indicates that the first-order valence transition temperature, T-v, does not vanish continuously at the critical pressure (P(c)approximate to 23.7 kbar) and thus there is no quantum critical point (T-v=0) in YbInCu4. This result is consistent with the T-1(-1) data, which show no evidence for non-Fermi-liquid behavior near P-c. For pressures P greater than or similar to P-c, T-1(-1) increases sharply near 2.4 K, which suggests the presence of critical fluctuations associated with ferromagnetic (FM) ordering. We analyze the T-1(-1), resistivity, and the pressure-enhanced susceptibility data in the mixed-valent state of YbInCu4 and find no evidence to indicate that the pressure-induced FM phase can be described by the Stoner theory for itinerant ferromagnetism. Rather, the pressure-induced FM order may be due to pressure-stabilized Yb3+ local moments. We also examine the possibility of FM order induced by an external magnetic field near P-c, but find no evidence down to 1.5 K. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Vereshchagin Inst High Pressure Phys, Troitsk 142190, Russia. RP Young, BL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM blyoung@lanl.gov NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 22 AR 224106 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.224106 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IS UT WOS:000230276700031 ER PT J AU Zakharov, DN Liliental-Weber, Z Wagner, B Reitmeier, ZJ Preble, EA Davis, RF AF Zakharov, DN Liliental-Weber, Z Wagner, B Reitmeier, ZJ Preble, EA Davis, RF TI Structural TEM study of nonpolar a-plane gallium nitride grown on (1120) 4H-SiC by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-QUANTUM WELLS; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; STACKING-FAULT; ATOMIC CONFIGURATIONS; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; GAN; WURTZITE; CONSTANTS; SUBSTRATE; BASAL AB Conventional and high-resolution electron microscopy have been applied for studying lattice defects in nonpolar a-plane GaN grown on a 4H-SiC substrate with an AlN buffer layer. Samples in plan-view and cross-sectional configurations have been investigated. Basal and prismatic stacking faults together with Frank and Shockley partial dislocations were found to be the main defects in the GaN layers. High-resolution electron microscopy in combination with image simulation supported Drum's model for the prismatic stacking faults. The density of basal stacking faults was measured to be similar to 1.6x10(6) cm(-1). The densities of partial dislocations terminating I-1 and I-2 types of intrinsic basal stacking faults were similar to 4.0x10(10) cm(-2) and similar to 0.4x10(10) cm(-2), respectively. The energy of the I-2 stacking fault in GaN was estimated to be (40 +/- 4) erg/cm(2) based on the separation of Shockley partial dislocations. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Zakharov, DN (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 62-203, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dnzakharov@lbl.gov RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012; Davis, Robert/A-9376-2011; Zakharov, Dmitri/F-4493-2014 OI Davis, Robert/0000-0002-4437-0885; NR 29 TC 146 Z9 146 U1 4 U2 48 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 23 AR 235334 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.235334 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IT UT WOS:000230276800088 ER PT J AU Adams, J Adler, C Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Amonett, J Anderson, BD Anderson, M Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Badyal, SK Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Bekele, S Belaga, VV Bellwied, R Berger, J Bezverkhny, BI Bhardwaj, S Bhaskar, P Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Billmeier, A Bland, LC Blyth, CO Bonner, BE Botje, M Boucham, A Brandin, A Bravar, A Cadman, RV Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Carroll, J Castillo, J Castro, M Cebra, D Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, Y Chernenko, SP Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, B Christie, W Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Das, S Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Dietel, T Dong, X Draper, JE Du, F Dubey, AK Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Majumdar, MRD Eckardt, V Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Fachini, P Faine, V Faivre, J Fatemi, R Filimonov, K Filip, P Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flierl, D Foley, KJ Fu, J Gagliardi, CA Ganti, MS Gutierrez, TD Gagunashvili, N Gans, J Gaudichet, L Germain, M Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gonzalez, JE Grachov, O Grigoriev, V Gronstal, S Grosnick, D Guedon, M Guertin, SM Gupta, A Gushin, E Hallman, TJ Hardtke, D Harris, JW Heinz, M Henry, TW Heppelmann, S Herston, T Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Horsley, M Huang, HZ Huang, SL Humanic, TJ Igo, G Ishihara, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Janik, M Johnson, I Jones, PG Judd, EG Kabana, S Kaneta, M Kaplan, M Keane, D Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klay, J Klein, SR Klyachko, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konstantinov, AS Kopytine, M Kotchenda, L Kovalenko, AD Kramer, M Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kumar, A Kunde, GJ Kunz, CL Kutuev, RK Kuznetsov, AA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S Lansdell, CP Lasiuk, B Laue, F Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Leontiev, VM LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, Q Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, L Liu, Z Liu, QJ Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Long, H Longacre, RS Lopez-Noriega, M Love, WA Ludlam, T Lynn, D Ma, J Ma, YG Magestro, D Mahajan, S Mangotra, LK Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Martin, L Marx, J Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McShane, TS Meissner, F Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Messer, M Miller, ML Milosevich, Z Minaev, NG Mironov, C Mishra, D Mitchell, J Mohanty, B Molnar, L Moore, CF Mora-Corral, MJ Morozov, V de Moura, MM Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Nevski, P Nikitin, VA Nogach, LV Norman, B Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldenburg, M Olson, D Paic, G Pandey, SU Pal, SK Panebratsev, Y Panitkin, SY Pavlinov, AI Pawlak, T Perevoztchikov, V Peryt, W Petrov, VA Phatak, SC Picha, R Planinic, M Pluta, J Porile, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Potekhin, M Potrebenikova, E Potukuchi, BVKS Prindle, D Pruneau, C Putschke, J Rai, G Rakness, G Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ravel, O Ray, RL Razin, SV Reichhold, D Reid, JG Renault, G Retiere, F Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevski, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, LJ Sahoo, R Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Savin, I Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schroeder, LS Schweda, K Seger, J Seliverstov, D Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shestermanov, KE Shimanskii, SS Singaraju, RN Simon, F Skoro, G Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sood, G Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, S Stock, R Stolpovsky, A Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Struck, C Suaide, AAP Sugarbaker, E Suire, C Sumbera, M Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Szarwas, P Tai, A Takahashi, J Tang, AH Thein, D Thomas, JH Tikhomirov, V Tokarev, M Tonjes, MB Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Trivedi, MD Trofimov, V Tsai, O Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Buren, GV VanderMolen, AM Vasiliev, AN Vasiliev, M Vigdor, SE Viyogi, YP Waggoner, W Wang, F Wang, G Wang, XL Wang, ZM Ward, H Watson, JW Wells, R Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Willson, R Wissink, SW Witt, R Wood, J Wu, J Xu, N Xu, Z Xu, ZZ Yakutin, AE Yamamoto, E Yang, J Yepes, P Yurevich, VI Zanevski, YV Zborovsky, I Zhang, H Zhang, HY Zhang, WM Zhang, ZP Zolnierczuk, PA Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, J Zubarev, AN AF Adams, J Adler, C Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Amonett, J Anderson, BD Anderson, M Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Badyal, SK Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Bekele, S Belaga, VV Bellwied, R Berger, J Bezverkhny, BI Bhardwaj, S Bhaskar, P Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Billmeier, A Bland, LC Blyth, CO Bonner, BE Botje, M Boucham, A Brandin, A Bravar, A Cadman, RV Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Carroll, J Castillo, J Castro, M Cebra, D Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, Y Chernenko, SP Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, B Christie, W Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Das, S Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Dietel, T Dong, X Draper, JE Du, F Dubey, AK Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Majumdar, MRD Eckardt, V Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Fachini, P Faine, V Faivre, J Fatemi, R Filimonov, K Filip, P Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flierl, D Foley, KJ Fu, J Gagliardi, CA Ganti, MS Gutierrez, TD Gagunashvili, N Gans, J Gaudichet, L Germain, M Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gonzalez, JE Grachov, O Grigoriev, V Gronstal, S Grosnick, D Guedon, M Guertin, SM Gupta, A Gushin, E Hallman, TJ Hardtke, D Harris, JW Heinz, M Henry, TW Heppelmann, S Herston, T Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Horsley, M Huang, HZ Huang, SL Humanic, TJ Igo, G Ishihara, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Janik, M Johnson, I Jones, PG Judd, EG Kabana, S Kaneta, M Kaplan, M Keane, D Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klay, J Klein, SR Klyachko, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konstantinov, AS Kopytine, M Kotchenda, L Kovalenko, AD Kramer, M Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kumar, A Kunde, GJ Kunz, CL Kutuev, RK Kuznetsov, AA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S Lansdell, CP Lasiuk, B Laue, F Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Leontiev, VM LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, Q Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, L Liu, Z Liu, QJ Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Long, H Longacre, RS Lopez-Noriega, M Love, WA Ludlam, T Lynn, D Ma, J Ma, YG Magestro, D Mahajan, S Mangotra, LK Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Martin, L Marx, J Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McShane, TS Meissner, F Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Messer, M Miller, ML Milosevich, Z Minaev, NG Mironov, C Mishra, D Mitchell, J Mohanty, B Molnar, L Moore, CF Mora-Corral, MJ Morozov, V de Moura, MM Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Nevski, P Nikitin, VA Nogach, LV Norman, B Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldenburg, M Olson, D Paic, G Pandey, SU Pal, SK Panebratsev, Y Panitkin, SY Pavlinov, AI Pawlak, T Perevoztchikov, V Peryt, W Petrov, VA Phatak, SC Picha, R Planinic, M Pluta, J Porile, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Potekhin, M Potrebenikova, E Potukuchi, BVKS Prindle, D Pruneau, C Putschke, J Rai, G Rakness, G Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ravel, O Ray, RL Razin, SV Reichhold, D Reid, JG Renault, G Retiere, F Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevski, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, LJ Sahoo, R Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Savin, I Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schroeder, LS Schweda, K Seger, J Seliverstov, D Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shestermanov, KE Shimanskii, SS Singaraju, RN Simon, F Skoro, G Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sood, G Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, S Stock, R Stolpovsky, A Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Struck, C Suaide, AAP Sugarbaker, E Suire, C Sumbera, M Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Szarwas, P Tai, A Takahashi, J Tang, AH Thein, D Thomas, JH Tikhomirov, V Tokarev, M Tonjes, MB Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Trivedi, MD Trofimov, V Tsai, O Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Buren, GV VanderMolen, AM Vasiliev, AN Vasiliev, M Vigdor, SE Viyogi, YP Waggoner, W Wang, F Wang, G Wang, XL Wang, ZM Ward, H Watson, JW Wells, R Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Willson, R Wissink, SW Witt, R Wood, J Wu, J Xu, N Xu, Z Xu, ZZ Yakutin, AE Yamamoto, E Yang, J Yepes, P Yurevich, VI Zanevski, YV Zborovsky, I Zhang, H Zhang, HY Zhang, WM Zhang, ZP Zolnierczuk, PA Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, J Zubarev, AN TI Event-wise (Pt) fluctuations in Au-Au collisions at root sNN=130 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; DYNAMICS; PHYSICS; MODEL AB We present the first large-acceptance measurement of event-wise mean transverse momentum < p(t)> fluctuations for Au-Au collisions at nucleon-nucleon center-of-momentum collision energy root s(NN) = 130 GeV. The observed nonstatistical < p(t)> fluctuations substantially exceed in magnitude fluctuations expected from the finite number of particles produced in a typical collision. The r.m.s. fractional width excess of the event-wise < p(t)> distribution is 13.7 +/- 0.1(stat) +/- 1.3(syst)% relative to a statistical reference, for the 15% most-central collisions and for charged hadrons within pseudorapidity range vertical bar eta vertical bar < 1,2 pi azimuth, and 0.15 <= p(t) <= 2 GeV/c. The width excess varies smoothly but nonmonotonically with collision centrality and does not display rapid changes with centrality which might indicate the presence of critical fluctuations. The reported < p(t)> fluctuation excess is qualitatively larger than those observed at lower energies and differs markedly from theoretical expectations. Contributions to < p(t)> fluctuations from semihard parton scattering in the initial state and dissipation in the bulk colored medium are discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys Nucl, Prague, Czech Republic. JINR, Lab High Energy, Dubna, Russia. JINR, Particle Phys Lab, Dubna, Russia. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. Inst Rech Subatom, Strasbourg, France. Univ Jammu, Jammu 18001, India. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Munich, Germany. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow, Russia. CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Sci & Technol China, Anhua 230027, Peoples R China. Shanghai Inst Nucl Res, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. SUBATECH, Nantes, France. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. HZNU, CCNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Skoro, Goran/P-1229-2014; Johnson, Ian/I-2439-2013; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Chen, Yu/E-3788-2012; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/G-8915-2013; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Skoro, Goran/F-3642-2010; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Zborovsky, Imrich/G-7964-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Kisiel, Adam/O-8754-2015; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017 OI Skoro, Goran/0000-0001-7745-9045; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/0000-0002-5187-2779; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Kisiel, Adam/0000-0001-8322-9510; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345 NR 38 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 6 AR 064906 DI 10.1103/PhysRev.71.064906 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 942IJ UT WOS:000230275800053 ER PT J AU Adams, J Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Amonett, J Anderson, BD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Badyal, SK Bai, Y Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Bekele, S Belaga, VV Bellwied, R Berger, J Bezverkhny, BI Bharadwaj, S Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bhatia, VS Bichsel, H Billmeier, A Bland, LC Blyth, CO Bonner, BE Botje, M Boucham, A Brandin, AV Bravar, A Bystersky, M Cadman, RV Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCDL Castillo, J Cebra, D Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, Y Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Christie, W Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Das, S de Moura, MM Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Dietel, T Dogra, SM Dong, WJ Dong, X Draper, JE Du, F Dubey, AK Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Mazumdar, MRD Eckardt, V Edwards, WR Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Fachini, P Faivre, J Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Filimonov, K Filip, P Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Fomenko, K Fu, J Gagliardi, CA Gaillard, L Gans, J Ganti, MS Gaudichet, L Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gonzalez, JE Grachov, O Grebenyuk, O Grosnick, D Guertin, SM Guo, Y Gupta, A Gutierrez, TD Hallman, TJ Hamed, A Hardtke, D Harris, JW Heinz, M Henry, TW Hepplemann, S Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Huang, HZ Huang, SL Hughes, EW Humanic, TJ Igo, G Ishihara, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Janik, M Jiang, H Jones, PG Judd, EG Kabana, S Kang, K Kaplan, M Keane, D Khodyrev, VY Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Kislov, EM Klay, J Klein, SR Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Kopytine, M Kotchenda, L Kramer, M Kravtsov, P Kravtsov, VI Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kumar, A Kutuev, RK Kuznetsov, AA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S Laue, F Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lehocka, S LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, Q Li, Y Lin, G Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, L Liu, QJ Liu, Z Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Long, H Longacre, RS Lopez-Noriega, M Love, WA Lu, Y Ludlam, T Lynn, D Ma, GL Ma, JG Ma, YG Magestro, D Mahajan, S Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mangotra, LK Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Martin, L Marx, JN Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McClain, CJ McShane, TS Meissner, F Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Miller, ML Minaev, NG Mironov, C Mischke, A Mishra, DK Mitchell, J Mohanty, B Molnar, L Moore, CF Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Netrakanti, PK Nikitin, VA Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldenburg, M Olson, D Pal, SK Panebratsev, Y Panitkin, SY Pavlinov, AI Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Petrov, VA Phatak, SC Picha, R Planinic, M Pluta, J Porile, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Potekhin, M Potrebenikova, E Potukuchi, BVKS Prindle, D Pruneau, C Putschke, J Rakness, G Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ravel, O Ray, RL Razin, SV Reichhold, D Reid, JG Renault, G Retiere, F Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, L Sahoo, R Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sarsour, M Savin, I Sazhin, PS Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schweda, K Seger, J Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Shao, W Sharma, M Shen, WQ Shestermanov, KE Shimanskiy, SS Sichtermann, E Simon, F Singaraju, RN Skoro, G Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sood, G Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Speltz, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stadnik, A Stanislaus, TDS Stock, R Stolpovsky, A Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Sugarbaker, E Suire, C Sumbera, M Surrow, B Symons, TJM Toledo, AS Szarwas, P Tai, A Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tarnowsky, T Thein, D Thomas, JH Timoshenko, S Tokarev, M Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, OD Ulery, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Urkinbaev, A Van Buren, G Van Leeuwen, M Vander Molen, AM Varma, R Vasilevski, IM Vasiliev, AN Vernet, R Vigdor, SE Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Vznuzdaev, M Waggoner, WT Wang, F Wang, G Wang, G Wang, XL Wang, Y Wang, Y Wang, ZM Ward, H Watson, JW Webb, JC Wells, R Westfall, GD Wetzler, A Whitten , C Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wood, J Wu, J Xu, N Xu, Z Xu, ZZ Yamamoto, E Yepes, P Yurevich, VI Zanevsky, YV Zhang, H Zhang, WM Zhang, ZP Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y Zubarev, AN AF Adams, J Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Amonett, J Anderson, BD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Badyal, SK Bai, Y Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Bekele, S Belaga, VV Bellwied, R Berger, J Bezverkhny, BI Bharadwaj, S Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bhatia, VS Bichsel, H Billmeier, A Bland, LC Blyth, CO Bonner, BE Botje, M Boucham, A Brandin, AV Bravar, A Bystersky, M Cadman, RV Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCDL Castillo, J Cebra, D Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, Y Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Christie, W Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Das, S de Moura, MM Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Dietel, T Dogra, SM Dong, WJ Dong, X Draper, JE Du, F Dubey, AK Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Mazumdar, MRD Eckardt, V Edwards, WR Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Fachini, P Faivre, J Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Filimonov, K Filip, P Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Fomenko, K Fu, J Gagliardi, CA Gaillard, L Gans, J Ganti, MS Gaudichet, L Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gonzalez, JE Grachov, O Grebenyuk, O Grosnick, D Guertin, SM Guo, Y Gupta, A Gutierrez, TD Hallman, TJ Hamed, A Hardtke, D Harris, JW Heinz, M Henry, TW Hepplemann, S Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Huang, HZ Huang, SL Hughes, EW Humanic, TJ Igo, G Ishihara, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Janik, M Jiang, H Jones, PG Judd, EG Kabana, S Kang, K Kaplan, M Keane, D Khodyrev, VY Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Kislov, EM Klay, J Klein, SR Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Kopytine, M Kotchenda, L Kramer, M Kravtsov, P Kravtsov, VI Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kumar, A Kutuev, RK Kuznetsov, AA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S Laue, F Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lehocka, S LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, Q Li, Y Lin, G Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, L Liu, QJ Liu, Z Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Long, H Longacre, RS Lopez-Noriega, M Love, WA Lu, Y Ludlam, T Lynn, D Ma, GL Ma, JG Ma, YG Magestro, D Mahajan, S Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mangotra, LK Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Martin, L Marx, JN Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McClain, CJ McShane, TS Meissner, F Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Miller, ML Minaev, NG Mironov, C Mischke, A Mishra, DK Mitchell, J Mohanty, B Molnar, L Moore, CF Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Netrakanti, PK Nikitin, VA Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldenburg, M Olson, D Pal, SK Panebratsev, Y Panitkin, SY Pavlinov, AI Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Petrov, VA Phatak, SC Picha, R Planinic, M Pluta, J Porile, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Potekhin, M Potrebenikova, E Potukuchi, BVKS Prindle, D Pruneau, C Putschke, J Rakness, G Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ravel, O Ray, RL Razin, SV Reichhold, D Reid, JG Renault, G Retiere, F Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, L Sahoo, R Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sarsour, M Savin, I Sazhin, PS Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schweda, K Seger, J Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Shao, W Sharma, M Shen, WQ Shestermanov, KE Shimanskiy, SS Sichtermann, E Simon, F Singaraju, RN Skoro, G Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sood, G Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Speltz, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stadnik, A Stanislaus, TDS Stock, R Stolpovsky, A Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Sugarbaker, E Suire, C Sumbera, M Surrow, B Symons, TJM Toledo, AS Szarwas, P Tai, A Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tarnowsky, T Thein, D Thomas, JH Timoshenko, S Tokarev, M Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, OD Ulery, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Urkinbaev, A Van Buren, G Van Leeuwen, M Vander Molen, AM Varma, R Vasilevski, IM Vasiliev, AN Vernet, R Vigdor, SE Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Vznuzdaev, M Waggoner, WT Wang, F Wang, G Wang, G Wang, XL Wang, Y Wang, Y Wang, ZM Ward, H Watson, JW Webb, JC Wells, R Westfall, GD Wetzler, A Whitten , C Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wood, J Wu, J Xu, N Xu, Z Xu, ZZ Yamamoto, E Yepes, P Yurevich, VI Zanevsky, YV Zhang, H Zhang, WM Zhang, ZP Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y Zubarev, AN TI K(892)(*) resonance production in Au+Au and p+p collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; HOT HADRONIC MATTER; INCLUSIVE PRODUCTION; GEV-C; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; MESON PRODUCTION; PP-INTERACTIONS; FREEZE-OUT; PHENOMENOLOGY; ANNIHILATION AB The short-lived K(892)* resonance provides an efficient tool to probe properties of the hot and dense medium produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We report measurements of K* in root s(NN)=200 GeV Au+Au and p+p collisions reconstructed via its hadronic decay channels K(892)*(0)-> K pi and K(892)*(+/-)-> K(S)(0)pi(+/-) using the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The K*(0) mass has been studied as a function of p(T) in minimum bias p+p and central Au+Au collisions. The K-* p(T) spectra for minimum bias p+p interactions and for Au+Au collisions in different centralities are presented. The K*/K yield ratios for all centralities in Au+Au collisions are found to be significantly lower than the ratio in minimum bias p+p collisions, indicating the importance of hadronic interactions between chemical and kinetic freeze-outs. A significant nonzero K*(0) elliptic flow (v(2)) is observed in Au+Au collisions and is compared to the K-S(0) and Lambda v(2). The nuclear modification factor of K* at intermediate p(T) is similar to that of K-S(0) but different from Lambda. This establishes a baryon-meson effect over a mass effect in the particle production at intermediate p(T) (2 < p(T)<= 4 GeV/c). C1 Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Lab High Energy, Dubna, Russia. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Particle Phys Lab, Dubna, Russia. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Inst Rech Subatom, Strasbourg, France. Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. SUBATECH, Nantes, France. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. CCNU, HZNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RI Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/G-8915-2013; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Skoro, Goran/P-1229-2014; Skoro, Goran/F-3642-2010; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Chen, Yu/E-3788-2012; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Dogra, Sunil /B-5330-2013; Kisiel, Adam/O-8754-2015; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017 OI Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/0000-0002-5187-2779; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Skoro, Goran/0000-0001-7745-9045; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Kisiel, Adam/0000-0001-8322-9510; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345 NR 57 TC 106 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 6 AR 064902 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.71.064902 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 942IJ UT WOS:000230275800049 ER PT J AU Ermisch, K Amir-Ahmadi, HR van den Berg, AM Castelijns, R Davids, B Deltuva, A Epelbaum, E Glockle, W Golak, J Harakeh, MN Hunyadi, M de Huu, MA Kalantar-Nayestanaki, N Kamada, H Kis, M Mahjour-Shafiei, M Nogga, A Sauer, PU Skibinski, R Witala, H Wortche, HJ AF Ermisch, K Amir-Ahmadi, HR van den Berg, AM Castelijns, R Davids, B Deltuva, A Epelbaum, E Glockle, W Golak, J Harakeh, MN Hunyadi, M de Huu, MA Kalantar-Nayestanaki, N Kamada, H Kis, M Mahjour-Shafiei, M Nogga, A Sauer, PU Skibinski, R Witala, H Wortche, HJ TI Systematic investigation of three-nucleon force effects in elastic scattering of polarized protons from deuterons at intermediate energies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID PARTIAL-WAVE ANALYSIS; IN-BEAM POLARIMETER; ANALYZING POWERS; NUCLEAR-FORCES; CROSS-SECTION; CHIRAL LAGRANGIANS; FADDEEV-EQUATIONS; MOMENTUM-SPACE; CONVERGENCE; EXPANSION AB The question, whether the high-quality nucleon-nucleon potentials can successfully describe the three-nucleon system, and to what extent three-nucleon forces (3NFs) play a role, has become very important in nuclear few-body physics. One kinematic region where effects because of 3NFs show up is in the minimum of the differential cross section of elastic nucleon-deuteron scattering. Another observable, which could give an indication about the contribution of the spin to 3NFs, is the vector analyzing power. To investigate the importance of 3NFs systematically over a broad range of intermediate energies, both observables of elastic proton-deuteron scattering have been measured at proton bombarding energies of 108, 120, 135, 150, 170, and 190 MeV, covering an angular range in the center-of-mass system between 30(degrees) and 170(degrees). The results show unambiguously the shortcomings of calculations employing only two-body forces and the necessity of the inclusion of 3NFs. They also show the limitations of the results of the present day models for few-nucleon systems at backward angles, especially at higher beam energies. New calculations based on chiral perturbation theory are also presented and compared with the data at the lowest energy. C1 Univ Groningen, KVI, Groningen, Netherlands. Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Theoret Phys, Hannover, Germany. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-4630 Bochum, Germany. Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, Krakow, Poland. Kyushu Inst Technol, Fac Engn, Dept Phys, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 804, Japan. Univ Washington, Inst Nucl Theory, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Univ Groningen, KVI, Groningen, Netherlands. EM nasser@kvi.nl RI Nogga, Andreas/A-3354-2008; Deltuva, Arnoldas/M-3749-2013; van den Berg, Adriaan/P-6792-2015 OI Nogga, Andreas/0000-0003-2156-748X; Deltuva, Arnoldas/0000-0002-0732-7749; NR 63 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 6 AR 064004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.71.064004 PG 21 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 942IJ UT WOS:000230275800009 ER PT J AU Fotiades, N Cizewski, JA Krucken, R Clark, RM Fallon, P Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO McNabb, DP Becker, JA Bernstein, LA Younes, W AF Fotiades, N Cizewski, JA Krucken, R Clark, RM Fallon, P Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO McNabb, DP Becker, JA Bernstein, LA Younes, W TI High-spin states in N=50 Br-85 and Rb-87 nuclei SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-CORE EXCITATIONS; LEVEL STRUCTURE; ISOTONES; KR-86; HE-3; Y-89 AB The level structures of the N=50 Br-85 and Rb-87 isotopes have been studied in the fission of the compound system formed in three different heavy-ion-induced reactions. In Rb-87 many states above the previously known 9/2(+) isomer have been established. The coupling of the odd proton occupying the g(9/2) orbital to the yrast states in the Kr-86 core can account for the first excited states above the isomer in Rb-87. A comparison with the first excited states above the 9/2(+) state in Kr-85 and Y-89 reveals similarities in the coupling. At higher excitations similar behavior to Y-89 is observed, indicating a possible presence of neutron-core excitations. In Br-85 several states up to similar to 5 MeV excitation energy have been established. Two states at similar to 2 MeV excitation energy are candidates for the 9/2(+) state originating from the odd proton occupying the g(9/2) orbital. The experimental results for both isotopes are compared with predictions of the shell model. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept E12, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Fotiades, N (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Kruecken, Reiner/A-1640-2013 OI Kruecken, Reiner/0000-0002-2755-8042 NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 6 AR 064312 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.71.064312 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 942IJ UT WOS:000230275800021 ER PT J AU Fotiades, N Nelson, RO Devlin, M Starosta, K Becker, JA Bernstein, LA Garrett, PE Younes, W AF Fotiades, N Nelson, RO Devlin, M Starosta, K Becker, JA Bernstein, LA Garrett, PE Younes, W TI States in Au-197 from the (n,n 'gamma) reaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article AB The level structure of Au-197 has been studied using the (n,n'gamma) reaction. A germanium detector array (GEANIE) for gamma-ray detection and the "white" neutron source at LANSCE/WNR were used for the measurement. The energy of the incident neutrons was determined using the time-of-flight technique. Partial gamma-ray cross sections were measured for a total of 90 transitions of Au-197. A total of 52 new gamma rays were assigned to Au-197 and placed on the level scheme based on the partial gamma-ray excitation functions and the gamma-gamma coincidence data. The level scheme of Au-197 is now more complete up to similar to 2 MeV excitation energy. The first excited states of the decoupled band built on the proton-hole h(11/2) configuration were established. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Michigan State Univ, NSCL, Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Fotiades, N (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013 OI Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 6 AR 064314 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.71.064314 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 942IJ UT WOS:000230275800023 ER PT J AU Ginocchio, JN AF Ginocchio, JN TI Critical point symmetry in a fermion monopole and quadrupole pairing model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC SYMMETRY; NUCLEI; SO(7) AB Recent interest in symmetries at a critical point of phase transitions in nuclei prompts a revisit to the fermion monopole and quadrupole pairing model. This model has an exactly solvable symmetry limit that is transitional between spherical nuclei and gamma-unstable deformed nuclei. The eigenenergies, eigenfunctions, pairing strength, and quadrupole transtion rates in this limit are derived. Comparison with empirical quadrupole transition rates suggest that the Xe isotopes may have this symmetry. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ginocchio, JN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B283, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 6 AR 064325 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.71.064325 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 942IJ UT WOS:000230275800034 ER PT J AU Holl, A Krassnigg, A Maris, P Roberts, CD Wright, SV AF Holl, A Krassnigg, A Maris, P Roberts, CD Wright, SV TI Electromagnetic properties of ground-state and excited-state pseudoscalar mesons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID DYSON-SCHWINGER EQUATIONS; BETHE-SALPETER-EQUATION; BOUND-STATES; LADDER APPROXIMATION; QUARK PROPAGATOR; HADRON PHYSICS; DECAY CONSTANT; FORM-FACTOR; PION; MODEL AB The axial-vector Ward-Takahashi identity places constraints on particular properties of every pseudoscalar meson. For example, in the chiral limit all pseudoscalar mesons, except the Goldstone mode, decouple from the axial-vector current. Nevertheless, all neutral pseudoscalar mesons couple to two photons. The strength of the pi(0)(n)gamma gamma coupling, where n=0 denotes the Goldstone mode, is affected by the Abelian anomaly's continuum contribution. The effect is material for n not equal 0. The gamma(*)pi(n)gamma(*) transition form factor, T-pi n(Q(2)), is nonzero for all n, and T-pi n(Q(2))approximate to(4 pi(2)/3)(f(pi n)/Q(2)) at large Q(2). For all pseudoscalars but the Goldstone mode, this leading contribution vanishes in the chiral limit. In this instance the ultraviolet power-law behavior is 1/Q(4) for n not equal 0, and we find numerically T-pi 1(Q(2))similar or equal to(4 pi(2)/3)(-<(q) over barq >/Q(4)). This subleading power-law behavior is always present. In general its coefficient is not simply related to f(pi n). The properties of n not equal 0 pseudoscalar mesons are sensitive to the pointwise behavior of the long-range piece of the interaction between light quarks. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Rostock, Fachbereich Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 58 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 6 AR 065204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.71.065204 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 942IJ UT WOS:000230275800059 ER PT J AU Maruhn, JA Reinhard, PG Stevenson, PD Stone, JR Strayer, MR AF Maruhn, JA Reinhard, PG Stevenson, PD Stone, JR Strayer, MR TI Dipole giant resonances in deformed heavy nuclei SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID PHOTONEUTRON CROSS-SECTIONS; HARTREE-FOCK THEORY; MEAN-FIELD; SUM-RULES; MONOENERGETIC PHOTONS; SODIUM CLUSTERS; EXOTIC NUCLEI; TIME; RPA; EXCITATIONS AB The spectral distribution of isovector dipole strength is computed using the time-dependent Skyrme-Hartree-Fock method with subsequent spectral analysis. The calculations are done without any imposed symmetry restriction, allowing any nuclear shape to be dealt with. The scheme is used to study the deformation dependence of giant resonances and its interplay with Landau fragmentation (owing to 1 ph states). Results are shown for the chain of Nd isotopes, superdeformed Dy-152, triaxial Os-188, and U-238. C1 Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Maruhn, JA (reprint author), Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. RI Stevenson, Paul/B-9016-2012 OI Stevenson, Paul/0000-0003-2645-2569 NR 51 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 6 AR 064328 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.71.064328 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 942IJ UT WOS:000230275800037 ER PT J AU Moller, O Warr, N Jolie, J Dewald, A Fitzler, A Linnemann, A Zell, KO Garrett, PE Yates, SW AF Moller, O Warr, N Jolie, J Dewald, A Fitzler, A Linnemann, A Zell, KO Garrett, PE Yates, SW TI E2 transition probabilities in Te-114: A conundrum SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-HOLE EXCITATIONS; NUCLEI; STATES AB Lifetimes in Te-114 were determined using the recoil distance Doppler-shift technique with a plunger device coupled to five HP Ge detectors enhanced by one Euroball cluster detector. The experiment was carried out at the Cologne FN Tandem facility using the Nb-93(Mg-24,p2n) reaction at 90 MeV. The differential decay curve method in coincidence mode was employed to derive lifetimes for seven excited states, whereas the lifetime of an isomeric state was obtained in singles mode. The resulting E2 transition probabilities are shown to be very anomalous in comparison with the vibrational energy spacings of the ground-state band. C1 Univ Cologne, Inst Kernphys, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Moller, O (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Inst Kernphys, Zulpicher Str 77, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. RI Dewald, Alfred/O-5810-2015 NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 6 AR 064324 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.71.064324 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 942IJ UT WOS:000230275800033 ER PT J AU Shergur, J Dean, DJ Seweryniak, D Walters, WB Wohr, A Boutachkov, P Davids, CN Dillmann, I Juodagalvis, A Mukherjee, G Sinha, S Teymurazyan, A Zartova, I AF Shergur, J Dean, DJ Seweryniak, D Walters, WB Wohr, A Boutachkov, P Davids, CN Dillmann, I Juodagalvis, A Mukherjee, G Sinha, S Teymurazyan, A Zartova, I TI Identification of low-spin states in Sb-111: Test of spin-orbit coupling in light nuclei SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID MODEL DESCRIPTION; SHELL; BANDS AB New low-spin levels in Sb-111 have been identified following the beta(+)/EC decay of proton-rich Te-111. Te-111 was produced in the Ni-58(Fe-56, 2pn)Te-111 reaction and separated using the fragment mass analyzer at Argonne National Laboratory. gamma-ray singles and gamma-gamma coincidence spectra were collected as a function of time. Eleven new levels in Sb-111 were identified, including levels at 487 and 881 keV that have been tentatively assigned spins and parities of 1/2(+) and 3/2(+), respectively. Shell-model calculations have been performed in which the single-particle d(3/2) and s(1/2) basis levels were adjusted to fit the observed positions of the low-energy 1/2(+) and 3/2(+) levels in Sb-109 and Sb-111. Good agreement for the known yrast 1/2(+), 3/2(+), 5/2(+), 7/2(+), and 9/2(+) levels in Sb-105,Sb-107,Sb-109,Sb-111 is obtained. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Kernchem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 6 AR 064323 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.71.064323 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 942IJ UT WOS:000230275800032 ER PT J AU Shergur, J Wohr, A Walters, WB Kratz, KL Arndt, O Brown, BA Cederkall, J Dillmann, I Fraile, LM Hoff, P Joinet, A Koster, U Pfeiffer, B AF Shergur, J Wohr, A Walters, WB Kratz, KL Arndt, O Brown, BA Cederkall, J Dillmann, I Fraile, LM Hoff, P Joinet, A Koster, U Pfeiffer, B TI Level structure of odd-odd Sb-134 populated in the beta(-) decays of Sn-134,Sn-135 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID SHELL-MODEL CALCULATIONS; SN-132 REGION; NUCLEI AB The level structure of odd-odd Sb-134 has been studied at CERN/ISOLDE following the beta(-) decay of Sn-134 and the beta-delayed neutron decay of Sn-135. Elemental and isobaric separation were accomplished by use of a resonance ionization laser ion source and an on-line mass separator, respectively. Both gamma-ray singles and gamma-gamma coincidence data were taken as a function of time. New levels at 279, 441, 555, 617, and 1385 keV have been identified and given proposed spin and parity assignments of 7(-), 5(-), 6(-), 4(-), and 5(-), respectively, following beta-delayed neutron decay of 7/2(-) Sn-135. New 1(-) levels have been identified at 1900, 2170, and 2430 keV following the beta(-) decay of 0(+) Sn-134. The resulting level structures are compared to shell-model calculations using the CD Bonn interaction and scaled and unscaled Kuo-Herling interactions developed for the Pb-208 region. Remarkably enough, the unscaled Kuo-Herling interaction provides the best fit for the levels below 1 MeV. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Kernchem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. CERN, PH Dept, ISOLDE, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Complutense, Dept Fis Atom Mol & Nucl, E-28030 Madrid, Spain. Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, NO-1163 Oslo, Norway. RP Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Fraile, Luis/B-8668-2011 OI Fraile, Luis/0000-0002-6281-3635 NR 18 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 6 AR 064321 DI 10.1103/PhysRevV.71.064321 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 942IJ UT WOS:000230275800030 ER PT J AU Zhang, WN Li, SX Wong, CY Efaaf, MJ AF Zhang, WN Li, SX Wong, CY Efaaf, MJ TI Signals in single-event pion interferometry for granular sources of quark-gluon plasma droplets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; 1ST-ORDER PHASE-TRANSITIONS; FINITE BARYON DENSITY; QCD; DECONFINEMENT AB We investigate two-pion Bose-Einstein correlations of quark-gluon plasma droplet sources in single-event measurements. We find that the distribution of the fluctuation between correlation functions of the single and mixed events provides useful signals to detect the granular structure of the source. C1 Harbin Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Harbin 150006, Peoples R China. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Harbin Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Harbin 150006, Peoples R China. NR 42 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 6 AR 064908 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.71.064908 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 942IJ UT WOS:000230275800055 ER PT J AU Abe, K Abe, K Abe, T Adam, I Akimoto, H Aston, D Baird, KG Baltay, C Band, HR Barklow, TL Bauer, JM Bellodi, G Berger, R Blaylock, G Bogart, JR Bower, GR Brau, JE Breidenbach, M Bugg, WM Burke, D Burnett, TH Burrows, PN Calcaterra, A Cassell, R Chou, A Cohn, HO Coller, JA Convery, MR Cook, V Cowan, RF Crawford, G Damerell, CJS Daoudi, M de Groot, N de Sangro, R Dong, DN Doser, M Dubois, R Erofeeva, I Eschenburg, V Etzion, E Fahey, S Falciai, D Fernandez, JP Flood, K Frey, R Hart, EL Hasuko, K Hertzbach, SS Huffer, ME Huynh, X Iwasaki, M Jackson, DJ Jacques, P Jaros, JA Jiang, ZY Johnson, AS Johnson, JR Kajikawa, R Kalelkar, M Kang, HJ Kofler, RR Kroeger, RS Langston, M Leith, DWG Lia, V Lin, C Mancinelli, G Manly, S Mantovani, G Markiewicz, TW Maruyama, T McKemey, AK Messner, R Moffeit, KC Moore, TB Morii, M Muller, D Murzin, V Narita, S Nauenberg, U Neal, H Nesom, G Oishi, N Onoprienko, D Osborne, LS Panvini, RS Park, CH Peruzzi, I Piccolo, M Piemontese, L Plano, RJ Prepost, R Prescott, CY Ratcliff, BN Reidy, J Reinertsen, PL Rochester, LS Rowson, PC Russell, JJ Saxton, OH Schalk, T Schumm, BA Schwiening, J Serbo, VV Shapiro, G Sinev, NB Snyder, JA Staengle, H Stahl, A Stamer, P Steiner, H Su, D Suekane, F Sugiyama, A Suzuki, A Swartz, M Taylor, FE Thom, J Torrence, E Usher, T Va'vra, J Verdier, R Wagner, DL Waite, AP Walston, S Weidemann, AW Weiss, ER Whitaker, JS Williams, SH Willocq, S Wilson, RJ Wisniewski, WJ Wittlin, JL Woods, M Wright, TR Yamamoto, RK Yashima, J Yellin, SJ Young, CC Yuta, H AF Abe, K Abe, K Abe, T Adam, I Akimoto, H Aston, D Baird, KG Baltay, C Band, HR Barklow, TL Bauer, JM Bellodi, G Berger, R Blaylock, G Bogart, JR Bower, GR Brau, JE Breidenbach, M Bugg, WM Burke, D Burnett, TH Burrows, PN Calcaterra, A Cassell, R Chou, A Cohn, HO Coller, JA Convery, MR Cook, V Cowan, RF Crawford, G Damerell, CJS Daoudi, M de Groot, N de Sangro, R Dong, DN Doser, M Dubois, R Erofeeva, I Eschenburg, V Etzion, E Fahey, S Falciai, D Fernandez, JP Flood, K Frey, R Hart, EL Hasuko, K Hertzbach, SS Huffer, ME Huynh, X Iwasaki, M Jackson, DJ Jacques, P Jaros, JA Jiang, ZY Johnson, AS Johnson, JR Kajikawa, R Kalelkar, M Kang, HJ Kofler, RR Kroeger, RS Langston, M Leith, DWG Lia, V Lin, C Mancinelli, G Manly, S Mantovani, G Markiewicz, TW Maruyama, T McKemey, AK Messner, R Moffeit, KC Moore, TB Morii, M Muller, D Murzin, V Narita, S Nauenberg, U Neal, H Nesom, G Oishi, N Onoprienko, D Osborne, LS Panvini, RS Park, CH Peruzzi, I Piccolo, M Piemontese, L Plano, RJ Prepost, R Prescott, CY Ratcliff, BN Reidy, J Reinertsen, PL Rochester, LS Rowson, PC Russell, JJ Saxton, OH Schalk, T Schumm, BA Schwiening, J Serbo, VV Shapiro, G Sinev, NB Snyder, JA Staengle, H Stahl, A Stamer, P Steiner, H Su, D Suekane, F Sugiyama, A Suzuki, A Swartz, M Taylor, FE Thom, J Torrence, E Usher, T Va'vra, J Verdier, R Wagner, DL Waite, AP Walston, S Weidemann, AW Weiss, ER Whitaker, JS Williams, SH Willocq, S Wilson, RJ Wisniewski, WJ Wittlin, JL Woods, M Wright, TR Yamamoto, RK Yashima, J Yellin, SJ Young, CC Yuta, H TI Measurement of the branching ratios of the Z(0) into heavy quarks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID PHYSICS EVENT GENERATION; SLD VERTEX DETECTOR; HADRONIC Z-DECAYS; MASS TAG; ANNIHILATION; R(B); LEP; PERFORMANCE; MESONS; WIDTH AB We measure the hadronic branching ratios of the Z(0) boson into heavy quarks: R-b=Gamma(0)(Z)(-> b (b) over bar)/Gamma(0)(Z)(-> hadrons) and R-c=Gamma(0)(Z)(-> c (c) over bar)/Gamma(0)(Z)(-> hadrons) using a multitag technique. The measurement was performed using about 400 000 hadronic Z(0) events recorded in the SLC Large Detector experiment at SLAC between 1996 and 1998. The small and stable SLAC Linear Collider beam spot and the CCD-based vertex detector were used to reconstruct bottom and charm hadron decay vertices with high efficiency and purity, which enables us to measure most efficiencies from data. We obtain, R-b=0.21604 +/- 0.00098(stat.)+/- 0.00073(syst.)-/+ 0.00012(R-c) and, R-c=0.1744 +/- 0.0031(stat.)+/- 0.0020(syst.)-/+ 0.0006(R-b). C1 Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Nagoya Univ, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464, Japan. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Univ London, London E1 4NS, England. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119899, Russia. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Soognsil Univ, Seoul 153743, South Korea. Univ Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Aomori Univ, Aomori 030, Japan. RP Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. RI de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Stahl, Achim/E-8846-2011; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016 OI Stahl, Achim/0000-0002-8369-7506; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636 NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 11 AR 112004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD71.112004 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 942IL UT WOS:000230276000010 ER PT J AU Acosta, D Adelman, J Affolder, T Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Anikeev, K Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Arguin, JF Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barker, GJ Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Belloni, A Ben-Haim, E Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Berry, T Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Bourov, S Brau, B Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canelli, F Canepa, A Casarsa, M Carlsmith, D Carosi, R Carron, S Cavalli-Sforza, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chapman, J Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, I Cho, K Chokheli, D Chou, JP Chuang, S Chung, K Chung, WH Chung, YS Cijliak, M Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, AG Clark, D Coca, M Connolly, A Convery, M Conway, J Cooper, B Copic, K Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Cranshaw, J Cuevas, J Cruz, A Culbertson, R Currat, C Cyr, D Dagenhart, D Da Ronco, S D'Auria, S de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S Deisher, A De Lentdecker, G Dell'Orso, M Demers, S Demortier, L Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Dionisi, C Dittmann, JR DiTuro, P Dorr, C Dominguez, A Donati, S Donega, M Donini, J D'Onofrio, M Dorigo, T Ebina, K Efron, J Ehlers, J Erbacher, R Erdmann, M Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, I Fedorko, WT Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Field, RD Flanagan, G Flores-Castillo, LR Foland, A Forrester, S Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, JC Fujii, Y Furic, I Gajjar, A Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Gerberich, H Gerdes, DW Gerchtein, E Giagu, S Giannetti, P Gibson, A Gibson, K Ginsburg, C Giolo, K Giordani, M Giunta, M Giurgiu, G Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, D Goldstein, J Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gonzalez, O Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Gresele, A Griffiths, M Grosso-Pilcher, C Grundler, U Guimaraes da Costa, J Haber, C Hahn, K Hahn, SR Halkiadakis, E Hamilton, A Han, BY Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, M Harr, RF Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Hays, C Hayward, H Heinemann, B Heinrich, J Hennecke, M Herndon, M Hill, C Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Hoffman, KD Holloway, A Hou, S Houlden, MA Huffman, BT Huang, Y Hughes, RE Huston, J Ikado, K Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ishizawa, Y Issever, C Ivanov, A Iwata, Y Iyutin, B James, E Jang, D Jayatilaka, B Jeans, D Jensen, H Jeon, EJ Jones, M Joo, KK Jun, SY Junk, T Kamon, T Kang, J Unel, MK Karchin, PE Kato, Y Kemp, Y Kephart, R Kerzel, U Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, MS Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Klute, M Knuteson, B Ko, BR Kobayashi, H Kong, DJ Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korn, A Korytov, A Kotwal, AV Kovalev, A Kraus, J Kravchenko, I Kreymer, A Kroll, J Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kuhlmann, SE Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Lai, S Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, M Lander, R Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lazzizzera, I Lecci, C LeCompte, T Lee, J Lee, J Lee, SW Lefevre, R Leonardo, N Leone, S Levy, S Lewis, JD Li, K Lin, C Lin, CS Lindgren, M Lipeles, E Liss, TM Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, T Liu, Y Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Loverre, P Lu, RS Lucchesi, D Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lyons, L Lys, J Lysak, R Lytken, E MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Manca, G Margaroli, F Marginean, R Marino, C Martin, A Martin, M Martin, V Martinez, M Maruyama, T Matsunaga, H Mattson, M Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McGivern, D McIntyre, PM McNamara, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Menzemer, S Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Messina, A Miao, T Miladinovic, N Miles, J Miller, L Miller, R Miller, JS Mills, C Miquel, R Miscetti, S Mitselmakher, G Miyamoto, A Moggi, N Mohr, B Moore, R Morello, M Movilla Fernandez, PA Muelmenstaedt, J Mukherjee, A Mulhearn, M Muller, T Mumford, R Munar, A Murat, P Nachtman, J Nahn, S Nakano, I Napier, A Napora, R Naumov, D Necula, V Nelson, T Neu, C Neubauer, MS Nielsen, J Nigmanov, T Nodulman, L Norniella, O Ogawa, T Oh, SH Oh, YD Ohsugi, T Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Orejudos, W Osterberg, K Pagliarone, C Palencia, E Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Paramonov, AA Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, D Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pitts, KT Plager, C Pondrom, L Pope, G Portell, X Poukhov, O Pounder, N Prakoshyn, F Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Rademacker, J Rahaman, MA Rakitine, A Rappoccio, S Ratnikov, F Ray, H Reisert, B Rekovic, V Renton, P Rescigno, M Rimondi, F Rinnert, K Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Roser, R Rossin, R Rott, C Russ, J Rusu, V Ruiz, A Ryan, D Saarikko, H Sabik, S Safonov, A Denis, RS Sakumoto, WK Salamanna, G Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Santi, L Sarkar, S Sato, K Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Schwarz, T Scodellaro, L Scott, AL Scribano, A Scuri, F Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Sexton-Kennedy, L Sfiligoi, I Shapiro, MD Shears, T Shepard, PF Sherman, D Shimojima, M Shochet, M Shon, Y Shreyber, I Sidoti, A Sill, A Sinervo, P Sisakyan, A Sjolin, J Skiba, A Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smirnov, D Smith, JR Snider, FD Snihur, R Soderberg, M Soha, A Somalwar, SV Spalding, J Spezziga, M Spinella, F Squillacioti, P Stadie, H Stanitzki, M Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Stentz, D Strologas, J Stuart, D Suh, JS Sukhanov, A Sumorok, K Sun, H Suzuki, T Taffard, A Tafirout, R Takano, H Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tanaka, R Tanimoto, N Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Tesarek, RJ Tether, S Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Tipton, P Tiwari, V Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tomura, T Tonelli, D Tonnesmann, M Torre, S Torretta, D Tourneur, S Trischuk, W Tsuchiya, R Tsuno, S Tsybychev, D Turini, N Ukegawa, F Unverhau, T Uozumi, S Usynin, D Vacavant, L Vaiciulis, A Varganov, A Vejcik, S Velev, G Veszpremi, V Veramendi, G Vickey, T Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Vollrath, I Volobouev, I von der Mey, M Wagner, P Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wallny, R Walter, T Wan, Z Wang, MJ Wang, SM Warburton, A Ward, B Waschke, S Waters, D Watts, T Weber, M Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Whiteson, D Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolfe, C Wolter, M Worcester, M Worm, S Wright, T Wu, X Wurthwein, F Wyatt, A Yagil, A Yamashita, T Yamamoto, K Yamaoka, J Yang, C Yang, UK Yao, W Yeh, GP Yoh, J Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zaw, I Zetti, F Zhou, J Zucchelli, S AF Acosta, D Adelman, J Affolder, T Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Anikeev, K Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Arguin, JF Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barker, GJ Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Belloni, A Ben-Haim, E Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Berry, T Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Bourov, S Brau, B Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canelli, F Canepa, A Casarsa, M Carlsmith, D Carosi, R Carron, S Cavalli-Sforza, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chapman, J Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, I Cho, K Chokheli, D Chou, JP Chuang, S Chung, K Chung, WH Chung, YS Cijliak, M Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, AG Clark, D Coca, M Connolly, A Convery, M Conway, J Cooper, B Copic, K Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Cranshaw, J Cuevas, J Cruz, A Culbertson, R Currat, C Cyr, D Dagenhart, D Da Ronco, S D'Auria, S de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S Deisher, A De Lentdecker, G Dell'Orso, M Demers, S Demortier, L Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Dionisi, C Dittmann, JR DiTuro, P Dorr, C Dominguez, A Donati, S Donega, M Donini, J D'Onofrio, M Dorigo, T Ebina, K Efron, J Ehlers, J Erbacher, R Erdmann, M Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, I Fedorko, WT Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Field, RD Flanagan, G Flores-Castillo, LR Foland, A Forrester, S Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, JC Fujii, Y Furic, I Gajjar, A Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Gerberich, H Gerdes, DW Gerchtein, E Giagu, S Giannetti, P Gibson, A Gibson, K Ginsburg, C Giolo, K Giordani, M Giunta, M Giurgiu, G Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, D Goldstein, J Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gonzalez, O Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Gresele, A Griffiths, M Grosso-Pilcher, C Grundler, U Guimaraes da Costa, J Haber, C Hahn, K Hahn, SR Halkiadakis, E Hamilton, A Han, BY Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, M Harr, RF Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Hays, C Hayward, H Heinemann, B Heinrich, J Hennecke, M Herndon, M Hill, C Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Hoffman, KD Holloway, A Hou, S Houlden, MA Huffman, BT Huang, Y Hughes, RE Huston, J Ikado, K Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ishizawa, Y Issever, C Ivanov, A Iwata, Y Iyutin, B James, E Jang, D Jayatilaka, B Jeans, D Jensen, H Jeon, EJ Jones, M Joo, KK Jun, SY Junk, T Kamon, T Kang, J Unel, MK Karchin, PE Kato, Y Kemp, Y Kephart, R Kerzel, U Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, MS Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Klute, M Knuteson, B Ko, BR Kobayashi, H Kong, DJ Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korn, A Korytov, A Kotwal, AV Kovalev, A Kraus, J Kravchenko, I Kreymer, A Kroll, J Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kuhlmann, SE Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Lai, S Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, M Lander, R Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lazzizzera, I Lecci, C LeCompte, T Lee, J Lee, J Lee, SW Lefevre, R Leonardo, N Leone, S Levy, S Lewis, JD Li, K Lin, C Lin, CS Lindgren, M Lipeles, E Liss, TM Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, T Liu, Y Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Loverre, P Lu, RS Lucchesi, D Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lyons, L Lys, J Lysak, R Lytken, E MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Manca, G Margaroli, F Marginean, R Marino, C Martin, A Martin, M Martin, V Martinez, M Maruyama, T Matsunaga, H Mattson, M Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McGivern, D McIntyre, PM McNamara, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Menzemer, S Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Messina, A Miao, T Miladinovic, N Miles, J Miller, L Miller, R Miller, JS Mills, C Miquel, R Miscetti, S Mitselmakher, G Miyamoto, A Moggi, N Mohr, B Moore, R Morello, M Movilla Fernandez, PA Muelmenstaedt, J Mukherjee, A Mulhearn, M Muller, T Mumford, R Munar, A Murat, P Nachtman, J Nahn, S Nakano, I Napier, A Napora, R Naumov, D Necula, V Nelson, T Neu, C Neubauer, MS Nielsen, J Nigmanov, T Nodulman, L Norniella, O Ogawa, T Oh, SH Oh, YD Ohsugi, T Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Orejudos, W Osterberg, K Pagliarone, C Palencia, E Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Paramonov, AA Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, D Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pitts, KT Plager, C Pondrom, L Pope, G Portell, X Poukhov, O Pounder, N Prakoshyn, F Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Rademacker, J Rahaman, MA Rakitine, A Rappoccio, S Ratnikov, F Ray, H Reisert, B Rekovic, V Renton, P Rescigno, M Rimondi, F Rinnert, K Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Roser, R Rossin, R Rott, C Russ, J Rusu, V Ruiz, A Ryan, D Saarikko, H Sabik, S Safonov, A Denis, RS Sakumoto, WK Salamanna, G Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Santi, L Sarkar, S Sato, K Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Schwarz, T Scodellaro, L Scott, AL Scribano, A Scuri, F Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Sexton-Kennedy, L Sfiligoi, I Shapiro, MD Shears, T Shepard, PF Sherman, D Shimojima, M Shochet, M Shon, Y Shreyber, I Sidoti, A Sill, A Sinervo, P Sisakyan, A Sjolin, J Skiba, A Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smirnov, D Smith, JR Snider, FD Snihur, R Soderberg, M Soha, A Somalwar, SV Spalding, J Spezziga, M Spinella, F Squillacioti, P Stadie, H Stanitzki, M Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Stentz, D Strologas, J Stuart, D Suh, JS Sukhanov, A Sumorok, K Sun, H Suzuki, T Taffard, A Tafirout, R Takano, H Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tanaka, R Tanimoto, N Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Tesarek, RJ Tether, S Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Tipton, P Tiwari, V Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tomura, T Tonelli, D Tonnesmann, M Torre, S Torretta, D Tourneur, S Trischuk, W Tsuchiya, R Tsuno, S Tsybychev, D Turini, N Ukegawa, F Unverhau, T Uozumi, S Usynin, D Vacavant, L Vaiciulis, A Varganov, A Vejcik, S Velev, G Veszpremi, V Veramendi, G Vickey, T Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Vollrath, I Volobouev, I von der Mey, M Wagner, P Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wallny, R Walter, T Wan, Z Wang, MJ Wang, SM Warburton, A Ward, B Waschke, S Waters, D Watts, T Weber, M Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Whiteson, D Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolfe, C Wolter, M Worcester, M Worm, S Wright, T Wu, X Wurthwein, F Wyatt, A Yagil, A Yamashita, T Yamamoto, K Yamaoka, J Yang, C Yang, UK Yao, W Yeh, GP Yoh, J Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zaw, I Zetti, F Zhou, J Zucchelli, S TI Study of jet shapes in inclusive jet production in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL ELECTROMAGNETIC CALORIMETER; DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; CDF; FRAGMENTATION; HERA; QCD; DISTRIBUTIONS; PERFORMANCE; DETECTOR; PHYSICS AB We report on a study of jet shapes in inclusive jet production in p (p) over bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV using the upgraded collider detector at Fermilab in Run II (CDF II) and based on an integrated luminosity of 170 pb(-1). Measurements are carried out on jets with rapidity 0.1 LQ (LQ) over barX -> v (v) over barq (q) over barX). Using a next-to-leading order theoretical prediction of the cross section for LQ production, we exclude first-generation LQ in the mass interval 78 to 117 GeV/c(2) at the 95% confidence level for BR(LQ -> vq)=100%. C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div High Energy Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova Trento, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Udine, Italy. Univ Trieste, Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Connolly, Amy/J-3958-2013; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; Wolter, Marcin/A-7412-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016 OI Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 11 AR 112001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.71.112001 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 942IL UT WOS:000230276000007 ER PT J AU Ashie, Y Hosaka, J Ishihara, K Itow, Y Kameda, J Koshio, Y Minamino, A Mitsuda, C Miura, M Moriyama, S Nakahata, M Namba, T Nambu, R Obayashi, Y Shiozawa, M Suzuki, Y Takeuchi, Y Taki, K Yamada, S Ishitsuka, M Kajita, T Kaneyuki, K Nakayama, S Okada, A Okumura, K Saji, C Takenaga, Y Clark, ST Desai, S Kearns, E Likhoded, S Stone, JL Sulak, LR Wang, W Goldhaber, M Casper, D Cravens, JP Gajewski, W Kropp, WR Liu, DW Mine, S Smy, MB Sobel, HW Sterner, CW Vagins, MR Ganezer, KS Hill, J Keig, WE Jang, JS Kim, JY Lim, IT Scholberg, K Walter, CW Ellsworth, RW Tasaka, S Guillian, G Kibayashi, A Learned, JG Matsuno, S Takemori, D Messier, MD Hayato, Y Ichikawa, AK Ishida, T Ishii, T Iwashita, T Kobayashi, T Maruyama, T Nakamura, K Nitta, K Oyama, Y Sakuda, M Totsuka, Y Suzuki, AT Hasegawa, M Hayashi, K Kato, I Maesaka, H Morita, T Nakaya, T Nishikawa, K Sasaki, T Ueda, S Yamamoto, S Haines, TJ Dazeley, S Hatakeyama, S Svoboda, R Blaufuss, E Goodman, JA Sullivan, GW Turcan, D Habig, A Fukuda, Y Jung, CK Kato, T Kobayashi, K Malek, M Mauger, C McGrew, C Sarrat, A Sharkey, E Yanagisawa, C Toshito, T Miyano, K Tamura, N Ishii, J Kuno, Y Yoshida, M Kim, SB Yoo, J Okazawa, H Ishizuka, T Choi, Y Seo, HK Gando, Y Hasegawa, T Inoue, K Shirai, J Suzuki, A Koshiba, M Nakajima, Y Nishijima, K Harada, T Ishino, H Watanabe, Y Kielczewska, D Zalipska, J Berns, HG Gran, R Shiraishi, KK Stachyra, A Washburn, K Wilkes, RJ AF Ashie, Y Hosaka, J Ishihara, K Itow, Y Kameda, J Koshio, Y Minamino, A Mitsuda, C Miura, M Moriyama, S Nakahata, M Namba, T Nambu, R Obayashi, Y Shiozawa, M Suzuki, Y Takeuchi, Y Taki, K Yamada, S Ishitsuka, M Kajita, T Kaneyuki, K Nakayama, S Okada, A Okumura, K Saji, C Takenaga, Y Clark, ST Desai, S Kearns, E Likhoded, S Stone, JL Sulak, LR Wang, W Goldhaber, M Casper, D Cravens, JP Gajewski, W Kropp, WR Liu, DW Mine, S Smy, MB Sobel, HW Sterner, CW Vagins, MR Ganezer, KS Hill, J Keig, WE Jang, JS Kim, JY Lim, IT Scholberg, K Walter, CW Ellsworth, RW Tasaka, S Guillian, G Kibayashi, A Learned, JG Matsuno, S Takemori, D Messier, MD Hayato, Y Ichikawa, AK Ishida, T Ishii, T Iwashita, T Kobayashi, T Maruyama, T Nakamura, K Nitta, K Oyama, Y Sakuda, M Totsuka, Y Suzuki, AT Hasegawa, M Hayashi, K Kato, I Maesaka, H Morita, T Nakaya, T Nishikawa, K Sasaki, T Ueda, S Yamamoto, S Haines, TJ Dazeley, S Hatakeyama, S Svoboda, R Blaufuss, E Goodman, JA Sullivan, GW Turcan, D Habig, A Fukuda, Y Jung, CK Kato, T Kobayashi, K Malek, M Mauger, C McGrew, C Sarrat, A Sharkey, E Yanagisawa, C Toshito, T Miyano, K Tamura, N Ishii, J Kuno, Y Yoshida, M Kim, SB Yoo, J Okazawa, H Ishizuka, T Choi, Y Seo, HK Gando, Y Hasegawa, T Inoue, K Shirai, J Suzuki, A Koshiba, M Nakajima, Y Nishijima, K Harada, T Ishino, H Watanabe, Y Kielczewska, D Zalipska, J Berns, HG Gran, R Shiraishi, KK Stachyra, A Washburn, K Wilkes, RJ TI Measurement of atmospheric neutrino oscillation parameters by Super-Kamiokande I SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CHARGED-CURRENT INTERACTIONS; SINGLE-PION-PRODUCTION; GEV ENERGY-RANGE; CROSS-SECTION MEASUREMENTS; ZENITH-ANGLE DISTRIBUTION; 3-DIMENSIONAL CALCULATION; INTERMEDIATE ENERGIES; FLUX; DETECTOR; SCATTERING AB We present a combined analysis of fully-contained, partially-contained and upward-going muon atmospheric neutrino data from a 1489 d exposure of the Super-Kamiokande detector. The data samples span roughly five decades in neutrino energy, from 100 MeV to 10 TeV. A detailed Monte Carlo comparison is described and presented. The data is fit to the Monte Carlo expectation, and is found to be consistent with neutrino oscillations of nu(mu)<->nu(tau) with sin(2)2 theta > 0.92 and 1.5x10(-3)(l1l2), which can be related to the sum of light neutrino masses, the neutrino mass-squared differences, the neutrino mixing angles, a Dirac phase and two Majorana phases. We sample the experimentally allowed ranges of < m >(l1l2) based on neutrino oscillation experiments as well as cosmological observations, and obtain a stringent upper bound < m >(l1l2)less than or similar to 0.14 eV. We then calculate the allowed ranges for < m >(l1l2) from the experimental rates of direct searches for the above Delta L=2 processes. Comparing our calculated rates with the currently or soon available data, we find that only the 0 nu beta beta experiment may be able to probe < m >(ee) with a sensitivity comparable to the current bound. Muon-positron conversion is next in sensitivity, while the limits of direct searches for the other Delta L=2 processes are several orders of magnitude weaker than the current bounds on < m >(l1l2). Any positive signal in those direct searches would indicate new contributions to the L interactions beyond those from three light Majorana neutrinos. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Theory Grp, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM avatre@physics.wisc.edu; barger@physics.wisc.edu; than@physics.wisc.edu NR 90 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 11 AR 113014 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.71.113014 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 942IL UT WOS:000230276000025 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Couderc, F Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Grauges, E Palano, A Pappagallo, M Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Wenzel, WA Barrett, M Ford, KE Harrison, TJ Hart, AJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Fritsch, M Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schroeder, T Steinke, M Boyd, JT Burke, JP Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Kelly, MP Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Khan, A Kyberd, P Teodorescu, L Blinov, AE Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Bondioli, M Bruinsma, M Chao, M Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hartfiel, BL Weinstein, AJR Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Long, O Shen, BC Wang, K Zhang, L del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Cunha, A Dahmes, B Hong, TM Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Nesom, G Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Yang, S Andreassen, R Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, P Chen, S Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Ruddick, WO Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Zhang, J Chen, A Eckhart, EA Harton, JL Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zeng, Q Spaan, B Altenburg, D Brandt, T Brose, J Dickopp, M Feltresi, E Hauke, A Klose, V Lacker, HM Maly, E Nogowski, R Otto, S Petzold, A Schott, G Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Grenier, P Schrenk, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Bard, DJ Clark, PJ Gradl, W Muheim, F Playfer, S Xie, Y Andreotti, M Azzolini, V Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Piemontese, L Sarti, A Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Vetere, ML Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Bailey, S Brandenburg, G Chaisanguanthum, KS Morii, M Won, E Dubitzky, RS Langenegger, U Marks, J Schenk, S Uwer, U Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Gaillard, JR Morton, GW Nash, JA Nikolich, MB Taylor, GP 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von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Greene, MG Neal, H TI Evidence for the decay B-+/--> K-*+/-pi(0) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CHARMING PENGUINS; PHYSICS AB We have measured the process B+/-->(K*+/--> K(+/-)pi(0))pi(0) with 232x10(6) Upsilon(4S)-> B (B) over bar decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B Factory at SLAC. From a signal yield of 89 +/- 26 events we obtain the branching fraction B(B+/--> K(*+/-)pi(0))=[6.9 +/- 2.0(stat)+/- 1.3(syst)]x10(-6) with a statistical significance of 3.6 standard deviations including systematic uncertainties, and a charge asymmetry of 0.04 +/- 0.29(stat)+/- 0.05(syst). C1 Lab Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, IFAE, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Univ Bari, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. 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RI Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; M, Saleem/B-9137-2013; Sarti, Alessio/I-2833-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016 OI Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Sarti, Alessio/0000-0001-5419-7951; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288 NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 11 AR 111101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.71.111101 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 942IL UT WOS:000230276000001 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Couderc, F Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Grauges, E Palano, A Pappagallo, M Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Wenzel, WA Barrett, M Ford, KE Harrison, TJ Hart, AJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Fritsch, M Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schroeder, T Steinke, M Boyd, JT Burke, JP Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Kelly, MP Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Khan, A Kyberd, P Teodorescu, L Blinov, AE Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Bondioli, M Bruinsma, M Chao, M Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hartfiel, BL Weinstein, AJR Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Long, O Shen, BC Wang, K Zhang, L del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Cunha, A Dahmes, B Hong, TM Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Nesom, G Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Andreassen, R Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, P Chen, S Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Ruddick, WO Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Zhang, J Chen, A Eckhart, EA Harton, JL Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zeng, Q Spaan, B Altenburg, D Brandt, T Brose, J Dickopp, M Feltresi, E Hauke, A Klose, V Lacker, HM Maly, E Nogowski, R Otto, S Petzold, A Schott, G Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Grenier, P Schrenk, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Bard, DJ Clark, PJ Gradl, W Muheim, F Playfer, S Xie, Y Andreotti, M Azzolini, V Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Piemontese, L Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Vetere, ML Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Bailey, S Brandenburg, G Chaisanguanthum, KS Morii, M Won, E Dubitzky, RS Langenegger, U Marks, J Schenk, S Uwer, U Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Flack, RL Gaillard, JR Morton, GW Nash, JA Nikolich, MB Taylor, GP Charles, MJ Grenier, GJ Mallik, U Mohapatra, AK Cochran, J Crawley, HB Eyges, V Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Rubin, AE Yi, J Arnaud, N Davier, M Giroux, X Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Diberder, FL Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Oyanguren, A Petersen, TC Pierini, M Plaszczynski, S Rodier, S Roudeau, P Schune, MH Stocchi, A Wormser, G Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Simani, MC Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Chavez, CA Coleman, JP Forster, IJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R George, KA Hutchcroft, DE Parry, RJ Payne, DJ Touramanis, C Cormack, CM Lodovico, FD Brown, CL Cowan, G Flaecher, HU Green, MG Jackson, PS McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Hodgkinson, MC Lafferty, GD Naisbit, MT Williams, JC Chen, C Farbin, A Hulsbergen, WD Jawahery, A Kovalskyi, D Lae, CK Lillard, V Roberts, DA Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Li, X Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Koeneke, K Sciolla, G Sekula, SJ Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Kim, H Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Lombardo, V Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote, D Taras, P Viaud, B Nicholson, H Cavallo, N Nardo, GD Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Monorchio, D Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, M Bulten, H Raven, G Snoek, HL Wilden, L Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Allmendinger, T Benelli, G Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Jackson, PD Kagan, H Kass, R Pulliam, T Rahimi, AM Ter-Antonyan, R Wong, QK Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Lu, M Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Torrence, E Colecchia, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P Buono, LD de la Vaissiere, C Hamon, O John, MJJ Leruste, P Malcles, J Ocariz, J Roos, L Therin, G Behera, PK Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Biasini, M Covarelli, R Pacetti, S Pioppi, M Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Simi, G Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Wagoner, DE Biesiada, J Danielson, N Elmer, P Lau, YP Lu, C Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Bellini, F Cavoto, G D'Orazio, A Marco, ED Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Gioi, LL Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Polci, F Tehrani, FS Voena, C Christ, S Schroder, H Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T Groot, ND Franek, B Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Wilson, FF Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF Graziani, G de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Legendre, M London, GW Mayer, B Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Wilson, JR Yumiceva, FX Abe, T Allen, MT Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Claus, R Convery, MR Cristinziani, M Dingfelder, JC Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Fan, S Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Hadig, T Halyo, V Hast, C Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Leith, DWGS Libby, J Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Snyder, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Suzuki, K Thompson, JM Va'vra, J Weaver, M Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Yarritu, AK Yi, K Young, CC Strube, J Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Majewski, SA Petersen, BA Roat, C Ahmed, M Ahmed, S Alam, MS Ernst, JA Saeed, MA Saleem, M Wappler, FR Zain, SB Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Ritchie, JL Satpathy, A Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Bomben, M Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Ricca, GD Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Martinez-Vidal, F Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Bhuyan, B Brown, CM Fortin, D Hamano, K Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Sobie, RJ Back, JJ Harrison, PF Latham, TE Mohanty, GB Band, HR Chen, X Cheng, B Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Flood, KT Graham, M Hollar, JJ Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Mellado, B Mihalyi, A Pan, Y Prepost, R Tan, P von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Greene, MG Neal, H AF Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Couderc, F Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Grauges, E Palano, A Pappagallo, M Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Wenzel, WA Barrett, M Ford, KE Harrison, TJ Hart, AJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Fritsch, M Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schroeder, T Steinke, M Boyd, JT Burke, JP Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Kelly, MP Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Khan, A Kyberd, P Teodorescu, L Blinov, AE Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Bondioli, M Bruinsma, M Chao, M Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hartfiel, BL Weinstein, AJR Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Long, O Shen, BC Wang, K Zhang, L del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Cunha, A Dahmes, B Hong, TM Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Nesom, G Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Andreassen, R Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, P Chen, S Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Ruddick, WO Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Zhang, J Chen, A Eckhart, EA Harton, JL Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zeng, Q Spaan, B Altenburg, D Brandt, T Brose, J Dickopp, M Feltresi, E Hauke, A Klose, V Lacker, HM Maly, E Nogowski, R Otto, S Petzold, A Schott, G Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Grenier, P Schrenk, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Bard, DJ Clark, PJ Gradl, W Muheim, F Playfer, S Xie, Y Andreotti, M Azzolini, V Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Piemontese, L Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Vetere, ML Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Bailey, S Brandenburg, G Chaisanguanthum, KS Morii, M Won, E Dubitzky, RS Langenegger, U Marks, J Schenk, S Uwer, U Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Flack, RL Gaillard, JR Morton, GW Nash, JA Nikolich, MB Taylor, GP Charles, MJ Grenier, GJ Mallik, U Mohapatra, AK Cochran, J Crawley, HB Eyges, V Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Rubin, AE Yi, J Arnaud, N Davier, M Giroux, X Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Diberder, FL Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Oyanguren, A Petersen, TC Pierini, M Plaszczynski, S Rodier, S Roudeau, P Schune, MH Stocchi, A Wormser, G Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Simani, MC Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Chavez, CA Coleman, JP Forster, IJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R George, KA Hutchcroft, DE Parry, RJ Payne, DJ Touramanis, C Cormack, CM Lodovico, FD Brown, CL Cowan, G Flaecher, HU Green, MG Jackson, PS McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Hodgkinson, MC Lafferty, GD Naisbit, MT Williams, JC Chen, C Farbin, A Hulsbergen, WD Jawahery, A Kovalskyi, D Lae, CK Lillard, V Roberts, DA Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Li, X Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Koeneke, K Sciolla, G Sekula, SJ Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Kim, H Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Lombardo, V Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote, D Taras, P Viaud, B Nicholson, H Cavallo, N Nardo, GD Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Monorchio, D Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, M Bulten, H Raven, G Snoek, HL Wilden, L Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Allmendinger, T Benelli, G Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Jackson, PD Kagan, H Kass, R Pulliam, T Rahimi, AM Ter-Antonyan, R Wong, QK Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Lu, M Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Torrence, E Colecchia, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P Buono, LD de la Vaissiere, C Hamon, O John, MJJ Leruste, P Malcles, J Ocariz, J Roos, L Therin, G Behera, PK Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Biasini, M Covarelli, R Pacetti, S Pioppi, M Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Simi, G Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Wagoner, DE Biesiada, J Danielson, N Elmer, P Lau, YP Lu, C Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Bellini, F Cavoto, G D'Orazio, A Marco, ED Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Gioi, LL Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Polci, F Tehrani, FS Voena, C Christ, S Schroder, H Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T Groot, ND Franek, B Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Wilson, FF Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF Graziani, G de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Legendre, M London, GW Mayer, B Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Wilson, JR Yumiceva, FX Abe, T Allen, MT Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Claus, R Convery, MR Cristinziani, M Dingfelder, JC Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Fan, S Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Hadig, T Halyo, V Hast, C Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Leith, DWGS Libby, J Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Snyder, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Suzuki, K Thompson, JM Va'vra, J Weaver, M Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Yarritu, AK Yi, K Young, CC Strube, J Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Majewski, SA Petersen, BA Roat, C Ahmed, M Ahmed, S Alam, MS Ernst, JA Saeed, MA Saleem, M Wappler, FR Zain, SB Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Ritchie, JL Satpathy, A Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Bomben, M Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Ricca, GD Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Martinez-Vidal, F Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Bhuyan, B Brown, CM Fortin, D Hamano, K Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Sobie, RJ Back, JJ Harrison, PF Latham, TE Mohanty, GB Band, HR Chen, X Cheng, B Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Flood, KT Graham, M Hollar, JJ Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Mellado, B Mihalyi, A Pan, Y Prepost, R Tan, P von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Greene, MG Neal, H TI Measurement of time-dependent CP-violating asymmetries and constraints on sin(2 beta+gamma) with partial reconstruction of B -> D-*+/-pi(+/-) decays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article AB We present a measurement of the time-dependent CP-violating asymmetries in decays of neutral B mesons to the final states D(*-/+)pi(+/-), using approximately 232x10(6) B (B) over bar events recorded by the BABAR experiment at the PEP-II e(+)e(-) storage ring. Events containing these decays are selected with a partial reconstruction technique, in which only the high-momentum pi(+/-) from the B decay and the low-momentum pi(-/+) from the D*-/+ decay are used. We measure the parameters related to 2 beta+gamma to be a(D*pi)=-0.034 +/- 0.014 +/- 0.009 and c(D*pi)(l)=-0.019 +/- 0.022 +/- 0.013. With some theoretical assumptions, we interpret our results in terms of the lower limits vertical bar sin(2 beta+gamma)vertical bar > 0.62(0.35) at 68% (90%) confidence level. C1 Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, IFAE, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, LLR, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 72E, Merseyside, England. Queen Mary Univ London, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Lab Rene JA Levesque, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. NIKHEF H, Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. 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RI Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; M, Saleem/B-9137-2013; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016 OI Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636 NR 28 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 11 AR 112003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.71.112003 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 942IL UT WOS:000230276000009 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Couderc, F Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Grauges-Pous, E Palano, A Pappagallo, M Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Wenzel, WA Barrett, M Ford, KE Harrison, TJ Hart, AJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Fritsch, M Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schroeder, T Steinke, M Boyd, JT Burke, JP Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Kelly, MP Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Khan, A Kyberd, P Teodorescu, L Blinov, AE Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Bondioli, M Bruinsma, M Chao, M Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hartfiel, BL Weinstein, AJR Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Long, O Shen, BC Wang, K Zhang, L del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Cunha, A Dahmes, B Hong, TM Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Nesom, G Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Yang, S Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, P Chen, S Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Ruddick, WO 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Taras, P Nicholson, H Cavallo, N Nardo, GD Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Monorchio, D Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, M Bulten, H Raven, G Snoek, HL Wilden, L Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Allmendinger, T Benelli, G Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Kagan, H Kass, R Pulliam, T Rahimi, AM Ter-Antonyan, R Wong, QK Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Lu, M Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Torrence, E Colecchia, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P Buono, LD de la Vaissiere, C Hamon, O John, MJJ Leruste, P Malcles, J Ocariz, J Roos, L Therin, G Behera, PK Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Biasini, M Covarelli, R Pioppi, M Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Simi, G Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Wagoner, DE Danielson, N Elmer, P Lau, YP Lu, C Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Bellini, F Cavoto, G D'Orazio, A Marco, ED Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Gioi, LL Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Polci, F Tehrani, FS Voena, C Christ, S Schroder, H Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T Groot, ND Franek, B Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Wilson, FF Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF Graziani, G de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Legendre, M London, GW Mayer, B Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Wilson, JR Yumiceva, FX Abe, T Allen, MT Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Claus, R Convery, MR Cristinziani, M Dingfelder, JC Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Fan, S Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Hadig, T Halyo, V Hast, C Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Leith, DWGS Libby, J Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Messner, R Mohapatra, AK Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Snyder, A Soha, A Stelzer, J Strube, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Thompson, JM Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Yarritu, AK Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Majewski, SA Petersen, BA Roat, C Ahmed, M Ahmed, S Alam, MS Ernst, JA Saeed, MA Saleem, M Wappler, FR Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Kim, H Ritchie, JL Satpathy, A Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Bomben, M Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Ricca, GD Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Martinez-Vidal, F Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Bhuyan, B Brown, CM Fortin, D Hamano, K Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Sobie, RJ Back, JJ Harrison, PF Latham, TE Mohanty, GB Band, HR Chen, X Cheng, B Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Flood, KT Graham, M Hollar, JJ Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Mellado, B Mihalyi, A Pan, Y Prepost, R Tan, P von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Greene, MG Neal, H TI Measurement of the branching fraction and the CP-violating asymmetry for the decay B-0 -> K-S(0)pi(0) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID B DECAYS; PHYSICS AB We measure the branching fraction and the CP-violating asymmetry of B-0-> K(S)(0)pi(0) decays with 227 million Upsilon(4S)-> B (B) over bar events collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e(+)e(-) collider at SLAC. We obtain a branching fraction B(B-0-> K(0)pi(0))=(11.4 +/- 0.9 +/- 0.6)x10(-6) and CP-violating asymmetry parameters C(KS)(0)pi(0)=0.06 +/- 0.18 +/- 0.03 and S(KS)(0)pi(0)=0.35(-0.33)(+0.30)+/- 0.04, where the first error is statistical and the second systematic. C1 Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, IFAE, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Dept Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, LLR, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 72E, Merseyside, England. Queen Mary Univ London, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Lab Rene JA Levesque, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. NIKHEF, Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Scuola Normale Super, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; M, Saleem/B-9137-2013; Sarti, Alessio/I-2833-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014 OI Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Sarti, Alessio/0000-0001-5419-7951; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963 NR 29 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 11 AR 111102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.71.111102 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 942IL UT WOS:000230276000002 ER PT J AU Berger, EL Han, T Jiang, J Plehn, T AF Berger, EL Han, T Jiang, J Plehn, T TI Associated production of a top quark and a charged Higgs boson SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LEADING-LOGARITHM CALCULATION; LARGE HADRON COLLIDER; JET CROSS-SECTIONS; HEAVY-QUARK; QCD CORRECTIONS; PERTURBATION-THEORY; E&E-ANNIHILATION; PAIR PRODUCTION; COLLISIONS; ORDER AB We compute the inclusive and differential cross sections for the associated production of a top quark along with a charged Higgs boson at hadron colliders to next-to-leading order (NLO) in perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and in supersymmetric QCD. For small Higgs boson masses we include top-quark pair production diagrams with subsequent top-quark decay into a bottom quark and a charged Higgs boson. We compare the NLO differential cross sections obtained in the bottom parton picture with those for the gluon-initiated production process and find good agreement. The effects of supersymmetric loop contributions are explored. Only the corrections to the Yukawa coupling are sizable in the potential discovery region at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). All expressions and numerical results are fully differential, permitting selections on the momenta of both the top quark and the charged Higgs boson. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. CERN, Theory Grp, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM berger@anl.gov; than@pheno.physics.wisc.edu; jiangj@hep.anl.gov; tilman.plehn@cern.ch OI Han, Tao/0000-0002-5543-0716 NR 84 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 11 AR 115012 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.71.115012 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 942IL UT WOS:000230276000070 ER PT J AU Chen, MC AF Chen, MC TI Generation of small neutrino Majorana masses in a Randall-Sundrum model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SMALL EXTRA DIMENSION; FERMION MASSES; SO(10) MODELS; OSCILLATIONS; VIOLATION; MIXINGS; DECAY AB I propose a model, in the framework of five dimensions with warped geometry, in which small neutrino Majorana masses are generated by tree-level coupling of lepton doublets to a SU(2)(L)-triplet scalar field, which is coupled to a bulk standard model singlet. The neutrino mass scale is determined by the bulk mass term (alpha(S)) of the singlet as ve(-2(alpha S-1)pi kR). This suppression is due to a small overlap between the profile of the singlet zero mode and the triplet, which is confined to the TeV brane. The generic form for the neutrino mass matrix due to the overlap between the fermions is not compatible with the large mixing angle solution. This is overcome by imposing a Z(4) symmetry, which is softly broken by couplings of the triplet Higgs to the lepton doublets. This model successfully reproduces the observed masses and mixing angles in the charged lepton sector as well as in the neutrino sector, in addition to having a prediction of vertical bar U-e3 vertical bar similar to O(0.01). The mass of the triplet is of the order of a TeV and could be produced at upcoming collider experiments. The doubly charged member of the triplet can decay into two same sign charged leptons, yielding the whole triplet coupling matrix which, in turn, gives the mixing matrix in the neutrino sector. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, High Energy Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, High Energy Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM chen@quark.phy.bnl.gov NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 11 AR 113010 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.71.113010 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 942IL UT WOS:000230276000021 ER PT J AU Chiou, DW Ganor, OJ Hong, YP Kim, BS Mitra, I AF Chiou, DW Ganor, OJ Hong, YP Kim, BS Mitra, I TI Massless and massive three-dimensional super Yang-Mills theory and mini-twistor string theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID GAUGE-THEORY; TOPOLOGICAL STRINGS; GLUON SCATTERING; AMPLITUDES; GEODESICS; SPACE AB We propose various ways of adding mass terms to three-dimensional twistor string theory. We begin with a review of mini-twistor space-the reduction of D=4 twistor space to D=3. We adapt the two proposals for twistor string theory, Witten's and Berkovits's, to D=3 super Yang-Mills theory. In Berkovits's model, we identify the enhanced R symmetry. We then construct B-model topological string theories that, we propose, correspond to D=3 Yang-Mills theory with massive spinors and massive and massless scalars in the adjoint representation of the gauge group. We also analyze the counterparts of these constructions in Berkovits's model. Some of our constructions can be lifted to D=4, where infinitesimal mass terms correspond to vacuum expectation values of certain superconformal gravity fields. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dwchiou@socrates.berkeley.edu; origa@socrates.berkeley.edu; yph@socrates.berkeley.edu; bskim@socrates.berkeley.edu; imitra@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 65 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 12 AR 125016 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.71.125016 PG 32 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 942IM UT WOS:000230276100100 ER PT J AU Davoudiasl, H Han, T Logan, HE AF Davoudiasl, H Han, T Logan, HE TI Discovering an invisibly decaying Higgs boson at hadron colliders SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DARK-MATTER; LHC; SEARCH; MODEL AB A Higgs boson lighter than 2m(W) that decays mostly into invisible channels (e.g., dark matter particles) is theoretically well-motivated. We study the prospects for discovery of such an invisible Higgs, h(inv), at the LHC and the Tevatron in three production modes: (1) in association with a Z, (2) through weak boson fusion (WBF), and (3) accompanied by a jet. In the Z+h(inv) channel, we show that the LHC can yield a discovery signal above 5 sigma with 10 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity for a Higgs mass of 120 GeV. With 30 fb(-1) the discovery reach extends up to a Higgs mass of 160 GeV. We also study the extraction of the h(inv) mass from production cross sections at the LHC, and find that combining WBF and Z+h(inv) allows a relatively model-independent determination of the h(inv) mass with an uncertainty of 35-50 GeV (15-20 GeV) with 10 (100) fb(-1). At the Tevatron, a 3 sigma observation of a 120 GeV h(inv) in any single channel is not possible with less than 12 fb(-1) per detector. However, we show that combining the signal from WBF with the previously studied Z+h(inv) channel allows a 3 sigma observation of h(inv) with 7 fb(-1) per detector. Because of overwhelming irreducible backgrounds, h(inv)+j is not a useful search channel at either the Tevatron or the LHC, despite the larger production rate. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM hooman@physics.wisc.edu; than@physics.wisc.edu; logan@physics.wisc.edu NR 42 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 11 AR 115007 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.71.115007 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 942IL UT WOS:000230276000065 ER PT J AU de Florian, D Vogelsang, W AF de Florian, D Vogelsang, W TI Threshold resummation for the inclusive-hadron cross section in pp collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID QCD HARD SCATTERING; TO-LEADING-ORDER; POWER CORRECTIONS; FRAGMENTATION FUNCTIONS; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; SPIN ASYMMETRY; GLUON; PREDICTIONS; RENORMALONS; UNIVERSALITY AB We study the resummation of large logarithmic perturbative corrections to the partonic cross sections relevant for the process pp -> hX at high transverse momentum of the hadron h. These corrections arise near the threshold for the partonic reaction and are associated with soft-gluon emission. We perform the resummation to next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy. We present numerical results for the fixed-target regime and find enhancements over the next-to-leading order cross section, which significantly improve the agreement between theoretical predictions and data. We also apply the resummation for Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider kinematics and find that subleading terms appear to play a rather important role here. C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Fis, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Fis, Pabellon 1 Ciudad Univ, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RI de Florian, Daniel/B-6902-2011 OI de Florian, Daniel/0000-0002-3724-0695 NR 55 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 11 AR 114004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.71.114004 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 942IL UT WOS:000230276000029 ER PT J AU de Gouvea, A Jenkins, J Kayser, B AF de Gouvea, A Jenkins, J Kayser, B TI Neutrino mass hierarchy, vacuum oscillations, and vanishing vertical bar U-e3 vertical bar SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID BETA-BEAM; PHYSICS AB Is the relatively isolated member of the neutrino mass spectrum heavier or lighter than the two closely-spaced members? This question-the character of the neutrino mass hierarchy-is of great theoretical interest. All previously identified experiments for addressing it via neutrino oscillations require that the currently unknown size of the U-e3 element of the leptonic mixing matrix (parameterized by the unknown theta(13) mixing angle) be sufficiently large, and will utterly fail in the limit theta(13)-> 0. For this reason, we explore alternative oscillation approaches that would still succeed even if theta(13) vanishes. We identify several alternatives that require neither a nonzero vertical bar U-e3 vertical bar nor the presence of significant matter effects (even if the latter are unavoidable in the case of long-baseline, Earth-based experiments). All include multiple percent-level neutrino oscillation measurements, usually involving muon-neutrino (or antineutrino) disappearance and very long baselines. We comment on the degree of promise that these alternative approaches show. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. NR 39 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 11 AR 113009 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.71.113009 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 942IL UT WOS:000230276000020 ER PT J AU Golterman, M Izubuchi, T Shamir, Y AF Golterman, M Izubuchi, T Shamir, Y TI Role of the double pole in lattice QCD with mixed actions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; QUENCHED APPROXIMATION; FERMIONS; LOGARITHMS; SYMMETRY AB We investigate effects resulting from the use of different discretizations for the valence and the sea quarks in lattice QCD, considering Wilson and/or Ginsparg-Wilson fermions. We assume that such effects appear through scaling violations that can be studied using effective Lagrangian techniques. We show that a double pole is present in flavor-neutral Goldstone-meson propagators, even if the charged Goldstone mesons made out of valence quarks and those made out of sea quarks have equal masses. We then consider some observables known to be anomalously sensitive to the presence of a double pole. For these observables, we find that the double-pole enhanced scaling violations may turn out to be rather small in practice. C1 San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Kanazawa Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Golterman, M (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. EM maarten@stars.sfsu.edu; izubuchi@quark.phy.bnl.gov; shamir@post.tau.ac.il NR 28 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 11 AR 114508 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.71.114508 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 942IL UT WOS:000230276000052 ER PT J AU Jeon, S Venugopalan, R AF Jeon, S Venugopalan, R TI Classical odderon in QCD at high energies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID COLOR GLASS CONDENSATE; GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; WEIZSACKER-WILLIAMS FIELD; TOTAL CROSS-SECTIONS; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; LARGE NUCLEUS; SMALL-X; PERTURBATIVE QCD; BFKL EQUATION; SCATTERING AB We show that the weight functional for color sources in the classical theory of the color glass condensate (CGC) includes a term which generates odderon excitations. Remarkably, the classical origin of these excitations can be traced to the random walk of partons in the two dimensional space spanned by the SU(3) Casimirs. We compute dipole and baryon odderon operators in the CGC and show that contributions from the classical color sources to these are suppressed in the limit of very large parton densities. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 43 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 12 AR 125003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.71.125003 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 942IM UT WOS:000230276100087 ER PT J AU Kaczmarek, O Zantow, F AF Kaczmarek, O Zantow, F TI Static quark-antiquark interactions in zero and finite temperature QCD: I. Heavy quark free energies, running coupling, and quarkonium binding SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID POLYAKOV LOOP; PHASE-TRANSITION; GLUON PLASMA; MONTE-CARLO; POTENTIALS; DISSOCIATION; DEPENDENCE; GAUGE AB We analyze heavy quark free energies in 2-flavor QCD at finite temperature and the corresponding heavy quark potential at zero temperature. Static quark-antiquark sources in color singlet, octet and color averaged channels are used to probe thermal modifications of the medium. The temperature dependence of the running coupling, alpha(qq)(r, T), is analyzed at short and large distances and is compared to zero temperature as well as quenched calculations. In part, we also compare our results to recent findings in 3-flavor QCD. We find that the characteristic length scale below which the running coupling shows almost no temperature dependence is almost twice as large as the Debye screening radius. Our analysis supports recent findings which suggest that chi(c) and psi' are suppressed already at the (pseudo) critical temperature and thus give a probe for quark gluon plasma production in heavy ion collision experiments, while J/psi may survive the transition and will dissolve at higher temperatures. C1 Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. EM okacz@physik.uni-bielefeld.de; zantow@quark.phy.bnl.gov RI Kaczmarek, Olaf/E-9932-2011 NR 69 TC 256 Z9 259 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 11 AR 114510 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.71.114510 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 942IL UT WOS:000230276000054 ER PT J AU Kane, GL Kumar, P Lykken, JD Wang, TT AF Kane, GL Kumar, P Lykken, JD Wang, TT TI Some phenomenology of intersecting D-brane models SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SOFT SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; CALABI-YAU ORIENTIFOLDS; STANDARD MODEL; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; IIA ORIENTIFOLDS; TERMS; D6-BRANES; STRINGS; BARYOGENESIS; ORBIFOLDS AB We present some phenomenology of a new class of intersecting D-brane models. Soft supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking terms for these models are calculated in the u-moduli dominant SUSY breaking approach (in type IIA). In this case, the dependence of the soft terms on the Yukawas and Wilson lines drops out. These soft terms have a different pattern compared to the usual heterotic string models. Phenomenological implications for dark matter are discussed. C1 Michigan Ctr Theoret Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Michigan Ctr Theoret Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM gkane@umich.edu; kpiyush@umich.edu; lykken@fnal.gov; tingwang@umich.edu OI Kumar, Piyush/0000-0003-4894-4468 NR 97 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 11 AR 115017 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.115017 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 942IL UT WOS:000230276000075 ER PT J AU Martin, SP AF Martin, SP TI Two-loop scalar self-energies and pole masses in a general renormalizable theory with massless gauge bosons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID QCD CORRECTIONS; SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; DIMENSIONAL REDUCTION; NUMERICAL EVALUATION; MASTER INTEGRALS; STANDARD-MODEL; HEAVY-QUARK; PRECISION-MEASUREMENTS; PROPAGATOR INTEGRALS AB I present the two-loop self-energy functions for scalar bosons in a general renormalizable theory, within the approximation that vector bosons are treated as massless or equivalently that gauge symmetries are unbroken. This enables the computation of the two-loop physical pole masses of scalar particles in that approximation. The calculations are done simultaneously in the mass-independent (MS) over bar, (DR) over bar, and (DR) over bar' renormalization schemes, and with arbitrary covariant gauge fixing. As an example, I present the two-loop supersymmetric quantum chromodynamics corrections to squark masses, which can increase the known one-loop results by of order 1%. More generally, it is now straightforward to implement all two-loop sfermion pole mass computations in supersymmetry using the results given here, neglecting only the electroweak vector boson masses compared to the superpartner masses in the two-loop parts. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. NR 77 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 11 AR 116004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.71.116004 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 942IL UT WOS:000230276000079 ER PT J AU Shimizu, H Sterman, G Vogelsang, W Yokoya, H AF Shimizu, H Sterman, G Vogelsang, W Yokoya, H TI Dilepton production near partonic threshold in transversely polarized pp collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DRELL-YAN-PROCESS; TO-LEADING ORDER; 3-LOOP SPLITTING FUNCTIONS; DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; POWER CORRECTIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; HADRONIC SCATTERING; HARD SCATTERING; HIGHER TWIST; SOFT GLUONS AB It has recently been suggested that collisions of transversely polarized protons and antiprotons at the GSI could be used to determine the nucleon's transversity densities from measurements of the double-spin asymmetry for the Drell-Yan process. We analyze the role of higher-order perturbative QCD corrections in this kinematic regime, in terms of the available fixed-order contributions as well as of all-order soft-gluon resummations. We find that the combined perturbative corrections to the individual unpolarized and transversely polarized cross sections are large. We trace these large enhancements to soft-gluon emission near partonic threshold, and we suggest that with a physically motivated cutoff enhancements beyond lowest order are moderated relative to resummed perturbation theory, but still significant. The unpolarized dilepton cross section for the GSI kinematics may therefore provide information on the relation of perturbative and nonperturbative dynamics in hadronic scattering. The spin asymmetry turns out to be rather robust, relatively insensitive to higher orders, resummation, and the cutoffs. C1 Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. SUNY Stony Brook, CN Yang Inst Theoret Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. NR 95 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 11 AR 114007 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.114007 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 942IL UT WOS:000230276000032 ER PT J AU Hau-Riege, SP London, RA Huldt, G Chapman, HN AF Hau-Riege, SP London, RA Huldt, G Chapman, HN TI Pulse requirements for x-ray diffraction imaging of single biological molecules SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION; RECOMMENDED DATA; PARTICLES; ATOMS; IONS AB In this paper we estimate the required pulse parameters for the future application of x-ray free electron lasers to imaging single biological molecules. The parameters are determined by a tradeoff between minimizing image degradation due to damage and maximizing the image signal-to-noise ratio. We discuss several means to alleviate the pulse requirements, and compare the requirements with parameters of two planned x-ray lasers. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Uppsala, Biomed Ctr, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Hau-Riege, SP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Chapman, Henry/G-2153-2010 OI Chapman, Henry/0000-0002-4655-1743 NR 25 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 6 AR 061919 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.71.061919 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 942HW UT WOS:000230274500069 PM 16089777 ER PT J AU Nukala, PKVV Zapperi, S Simunovic, S AF Nukala, PKVV Zapperi, S Simunovic, S TI Statistical properties of fracture in a random spring model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL FUSE NETWORKS; ELECTRICAL BREAKDOWN; SYSTEMS; MEDIA; AVALANCHES; PRECURSORS; DISORDER AB Using large-scale numerical simulations, we analyze the statistical properties of fracture in the two-dimensional random spring model and compare it with its scalar counterpart: the random fuse model. We first consider the process of crack localization measuring the evolution of damage as the external load is raised. We find that, as in the fuse model, damage is initially uniform and localizes at peak load. Scaling laws for the damage density, fracture strength, and avalanche distributions follow with slight variations the behavior observed in the random fuse model. We thus conclude that scalar models provide a faithful representation of the fracture properties of disordered systems. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, INFM, UdR ROma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, SMC, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Zapperi, Stefano/C-9473-2009 OI Zapperi, Stefano/0000-0001-5692-5465 NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 6 AR 066106 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.71.066106 PN 2 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 942IB UT WOS:000230275000022 PM 16089819 ER PT J AU Reichhardt, C Reichhardt, CJO AF Reichhardt, C Reichhardt, CJO TI Ordering and melting in colloidal molecular crystal mixtures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID PINWHEEL STRUCTURE; GRAPHITE; CO; COMMENSURATE; MONOLAYER; LATTICE; ARRAY AB We show in simulations that a rich variety of interesting orderings such as pinwheel and star states can be realized for colloidal molecular crystal mixtures at rational ratios of the number of colloids to the number of minima from an underlying periodic substrate. These states can have multistep melting transitions and also show coexistence in which one species disorders while the other species remains orientationally ordered. For other mixtures, only partially ordered or frustrated states form. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reichhardt, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Reichhardt, Cynthia/0000-0002-3487-5089 NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 6 AR 062403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.71.062403 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 942HW UT WOS:000230274500086 PM 16089794 ER PT J AU Swift, DC Johnson, RP AF Swift, DC Johnson, RP TI Quasi-isentropic compression by ablative laser loading: Response of materials to dynamic loading on nanosecond time scales SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID Z-ACCELERATOR AB The TRIDENT laser was used to induce quasi-isentropic compression waves to similar to 15 GPa in samples of Si, by ablative loading using a laser pulse whose intensity increased smoothly over 2.5 ns. The intensity history of the pulse and the velocity history at the opposite surface of the sample were recorded. Experiments were performed using samples of two different thicknesses simultaneously, in which the evolution of the compression wave was clearly visible. Isentropic stress states deduced were consistent with the previously investigated response of Si to uniaxial loading. The ablative loading was simulated using radiation hydrodynamics, with different equations of state in the plasma and condensed regions and including elasticity in the solid Si. These calculations reproduced the measured velocity histories quite well, demonstrating that quasi-isentropic compression was induced with no preheat from the laser drive. Normal continuum behavior was demonstrated to hold below nanosecond time scales for isentropic compression waves, with no evidence for nonequilibrium effects in the crystal lattice. Details of the velocity history over about 10 GPa were reproduced less well, suggesting a deficiency in the model used for compressed Si, which may be consistent with recent theoretical predictions of uniaxial compression at high strain rates. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Swift, DC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 1663,MS E526, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 6 AR 066401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.71.066401 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 942IB UT WOS:000230275000077 PM 16089874 ER PT J AU Bane, KLF Dolgashev, VA Raubenheimer, T Stupakov, GV Wu, JH AF Bane, KLF Dolgashev, VA Raubenheimer, T Stupakov, GV Wu, JH TI Dark currents and their effect on the primary beam in an X-band linac SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB We numerically study properties of primary dark currents in an X-band accelerating structure. For the H60VG3 structure considered for the Next Linear Collider (NLC) we first perform a fairly complete ( with some approximations) calculation of dark-current trajectories. These results are used to study properties of the dark current leaving the structure. For example, at accelerating gradient of 65 MV/m, considering two very different assumptions about dark-current emission around the irises, we find that the fraction of emitted current leaving the structure to be a consistent similar to 1%. Considering that similar to 1 mA outgoing dark current is seen in measurement, this implies that similar to 100 mA ( or 10 pC per period) is emitted within the structure itself. Using the formalism of the Lienard-Wiechert potentials, we then perform a systematic calculation of the transverse kick of dark currents on a primary linac bunch. The result is similar to 1 V kick per mA ( or per 0: 1 pC per period) dark current emitted from an iris. For an entire structure we estimate the total kick on a primary bunch to be similar to 15 V. For the NLC linac this translates to a ratio of ( final) vertical beam offset to beam size of about 0.2. However, with the assumptions that needed to be made particularly the number of emitters and their distribution within a structure - the accuracy of this result may be limited to the order of magnitude. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Bane, KLF (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD JUN PY 2005 VL 8 IS 6 AR 064401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.8.064401 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 943WL UT WOS:000230385600014 ER PT J AU Carlsten, BE Earley, LM Krawczyk, FL Russell, SJ Potter, JM Ferguson, P Humphries, S AF Carlsten, BE Earley, LM Krawczyk, FL Russell, SJ Potter, JM Ferguson, P Humphries, S TI Stable two-plane focusing for emittance-dominated sheet-beam transport SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-BEAMS; DESIGN AB Two-plane focusing of sheet electron beams will be an essential technology for an emerging class of high-power, 100 to 300 GHz rf sources [ Carlsten et al., IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 33, 85 ( 2005)]. In these devices, the beam has a unique asymmetry in which the transport is emittance dominated in the sheet's thin dimension and space-charge dominated in the sheet's wide dimension. Previous work has studied the stability of the transport of beams in the emittance-dominated regime for both wiggler and periodic permanent magnet (PPM) configurations with single-plane focusing, and has found that bigger envelope scalloping occurs for equilibrium transport, as compared to space-charge dominated beams [ Carlsten et al., this issue, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 8, 062001 ( 2005)]. In this paper, we describe the differences in transport stability when two-plane focusing is included. Two-plane wiggler focusing degrades the transport stability slightly, whereas two-plane PPM focusing greatly compromises the transport. On the other hand, single-plane PPM focusing can be augmented with external quadrupole fields to provide weak focusing in the sheet's wide dimension, which has stability comparable to two-plane wiggler transport. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. JP Accelerator Works, Los Alamos, NM USA. MDS Co, Oakland, CA USA. Field Precis, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Carlsten, BE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD JUN PY 2005 VL 8 IS 6 AR 062002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.8.062002 PG 17 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 943WL UT WOS:000230385600008 ER PT J AU Carlsten, BE Earley, LM Krawczyk, FL Russell, SJ Potter, JM Ferguson, P Humphries, S AF Carlsten, BE Earley, LM Krawczyk, FL Russell, SJ Potter, JM Ferguson, P Humphries, S TI Stability of an emittance-dominated sheet-electron beam in planar wiggler and periodic permanent magnet structures with natural focusing SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID TRAVELING-WAVE TUBE AB A sheet-beam traveling-wave amplifier has been proposed as a high-power generator of rf from 95 to 300 GHz, using a microfabricated rf slow-wave structure [Carlsten et al., IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 33, 85 ( 2005)], for emerging radar and communications applications. The planar geometry of microfabrication technologies matches well with the nearly planar geometry of a sheet beam, and the greater allowable beam current leads to high-peak power, high-average power, and wide bandwidths. Simulations of nominal designs using a vane-loaded waveguide as the slow-wave structure have indicated gains in excess of 1 dB/mm, with extraction efficiencies greater than 20% at 95 GHz with a 120-kV, 20-A electron beam. We have identified stable sheet-beam formation and transport as the key enabling technology for this type of device. In this paper, we describe sheet-beam transport, for both wiggler and periodic permanent magnet (PPM) magnetic field configurations, with natural ( or single-plane) focusing. For emittance-dominated transport, the transverse equation of motion reduces to a Mathieu equation, and to a modified Mathieu equation for a space-charge dominated beam. The space-charge dominated beam has less beam envelope ripple than an emittance-dominated beam, but they have similar stability thresholds ( defined by where the beam ripple continues to grow without bound along the transport line), consistent with the threshold predicted by the Mathieu equation. Design limits are derived for an emittance-dominated beam based on the Mathieu stability threshold. The increased beam envelope ripple for emittance-dominated transport may impact these design limits, for some transport requirements. The stability of transport in a wiggler field is additionally compromised by the beam's increased transverse motion. Stable sheet-beam transport with natural focusing is shown to be achievable for a 120-kV, 20-A, elliptical beam with a cross section of 1 cm by 0.5 mm, with both a PPM and a wiggler field, with magnetic field amplitude of about 2.5 kG. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. JP Accelerator Works, Los Alamos, NM USA. MDS Co, Oakland, CA USA. Field Precis, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Carlsten, BE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD JUN PY 2005 VL 8 IS 6 AR 062001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.8.062001 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 943WL UT WOS:000230385600007 ER PT J AU Davidson, RC Qin, H AF Davidson, RC Qin, H TI Kinetic description of neutralized drift compression and transverse focusing of intense ion charge bunches SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID MARYLAND-ELECTRON-RING; SPACE CHARGE; BEAMS AB A kinetic model based on the Vlasov equation is used to describe the axial drift compression and transverse focusing of an intense ion charge bunch propagating along the axis of a solenoidal focusing field B-sol(x). The space charge and current of the ion charge bunch are assumed to be completely neutralized by the electrons provided by a dense background plasma. In the absence of self-field forces, the Vlasov equation is solved exactly for general initial distribution function f(b) (x, v, 0), using the method of characteristics. It is shown that the Vlasov equation possesses a class of exact, dynamically evolving solutions fb (W-perpendicular to, W-z), where W-perpendicular to and W-z are transverse and longitudinal constants of the motion. Detailed dynamical properties of the charge bunch are calculated during axial compression and transverse focusing for several choices of distribution function f(b) (W-perpendicular to, W-z). C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Davidson, RC (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD JUN PY 2005 VL 8 IS 6 AR 064201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.8.064201 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 943WL UT WOS:000230385600012 ER PT J AU Heifets, S Qin, Q Zolotorev, M AF Heifets, S Qin, Q Zolotorev, M TI Life of the dust macroparticles in storage rings SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB The sudden drop of the beam lifetime and bursts of the background radiation were detected in many machines and associated with microscopic dust particles. We present the model of the dust particle dynamics explaining the long time of the dust events observed in the PEP-II B-factory and BEPC-II machines. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. IHEP, Beijing, Peoples R China. LBL, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Heifets, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD JUN PY 2005 VL 8 IS 6 AR 061002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.8.061002 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 943WL UT WOS:000230385600005 ER PT J AU Heifets, S Teytelman, D AF Heifets, S Teytelman, D TI Beam-ion instability SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID RINGS AB In this paper the results of the experimental measurements at Berlin electron storage ring for synchrotron radiation (BESSY-II) are presented. Grow/damp measurements of the transverse coupled-bunch instabilities were performed using a multibunch feedback system and a synchronized time-domain bunch motion recorder. The results of these experiments are described and explained by the beam-ion instability. Simplified simulations and revised theory of the instability extended to a nonlinear regime are used for the interpretation of the results. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Heifets, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD JUN PY 2005 VL 8 IS 6 AR 064402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.8.064402 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 943WL UT WOS:000230385600015 ER PT J AU Huang, XB Lee, SY Prebys, E Tomlin, R AF Huang, XB Lee, SY Prebys, E Tomlin, R TI Application of independent component analysis to Fermilab Booster SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID SOURCE SEPARATION; BEAM DYNAMICS; MODULATION; SYNCHROTRON AB Autocorrelation is applied to analyze sets of finite-sampling data such as the turn-by-turn beam position monitor (BPM) data in an accelerator. This method of data analysis, called the independent component analysis (ICA), is shown to be a powerful beam diagnosis tool for being able to decompose sampled signals into its underlying source signals. We find that the ICA has an advantage over the principle component analysis (PCA) used in the model-independent analysis (MIA) in isolating independent modes. The tolerance of the ICA method to noise in the BPM system is systematically studied. The ICA is applied to analyze the complicated beam motion in a rapid-cycling booster synchrotron at the Fermilab. Difficulties and limitations of the ICA method are also discussed. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Huang, XB (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM xiahuang@fnal.gov NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD JUN PY 2005 VL 8 IS 6 AR 064001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.8.064001 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 943WL UT WOS:000230385600011 ER PT J AU Nagaitsev, S AF Nagaitsev, S TI Intrabeam scattering formulas for fast numerical evaluation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID ELLIPTIC INTEGRALS; TEMPERATURE; PLASMAS AB Small-angle multiple intrabeam scattering (IBS) emittance growth rates are normally expressed through integrals, which require a numeric evaluation at various locations of the accelerator lattice. In this paper, I demonstrate that the IBS growth rates can be presented in closed-form expressions with the help of the so-called symmetric elliptic integral. This integral can be evaluated numerically by a very efficient recursive method by employing the duplication theorem. Several examples of IBS rates for a smooth-lattice approximation, equal transverse temperatures and plasma temperature relaxation are given. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Nagaitsev, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD JUN PY 2005 VL 8 IS 6 AR 064403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.8.064403 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 943WL UT WOS:000230385600016 ER PT J AU Palmer, R Balbekov, V Berg, JS Bracker, S Cremaldi, L Fernow, RC Gallardo, JC Godang, R Hanson, G Klier, A Summers, D AF Palmer, R Balbekov, V Berg, JS Bracker, S Cremaldi, L Fernow, RC Gallardo, JC Godang, R Hanson, G Klier, A Summers, D TI Ionization cooling ring for muons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID COOLER AB Practical ionization cooling rings could lead to lower cost or improved performance in neutrino factory or muon collider designs. The ring modeled here uses realistic three-dimensional fields. The performance of the ring compares favorably with the linear cooling channel used in the second U. S. Neutrino Factory Study. The normalized 6D emittance of an ideal ring is decreased by a factor of approximately 240, compared with a factor of only 15 for the linear channel. We also examine such real-world effects as windows on the absorbers and rf cavities and leaving empty lattice cells for injection and extraction. For realistic conditions the ring decreases the normalized 6D emittance by a factor of 49. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Palmer, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Berg, Joseph/E-8371-2014 OI Berg, Joseph/0000-0002-5955-6973 NR 28 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD JUN PY 2005 VL 8 IS 6 AR 061003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.8.061003 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 943WL UT WOS:000230385600006 ER PT J AU Gibbs, GV Cox, DF Rosso, KM Kirfel, A Lippmann, T Blaha, P Schwarz, K AF Gibbs, GV Cox, DF Rosso, KM Kirfel, A Lippmann, T Blaha, P Schwarz, K TI Experimental and theoretical bond critical point properties for model electron density distributions for earth materials SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF MINERALS LA English DT Article DE synchrotron diffraction data; silica polymorphs; forsterite; AlPO(4)-15; fibrous zeolites; cuprite; danburite; bromellite; senarmonite ID ENERGY SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; RAY-DIFFRACTION DATA; CHARGE-DENSITY; FRAMEWORK; STRENGTH; SIO; MONOHYDRATE; HYDROLYSIS; SCOLECITE; SILICATES AB Generalized X-ray scattering factor model experimental electron density distributions and bond critical point, bcp, properties generated in recent studies for the earth materials stishovite, forsterite, fayalite and cuprite with high energy single crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction data and those generated with high resolution diffraction data for coesite and senarmonite were found to be adequate and in relatively good agreement, similar to 5% on average, with those calculated with quantum chemical methods with relatively robust basis sets. High resolution low energy single crystal diffraction data, recorded for the molecular sieve AlPO(4)-15, were also found to yield model electron density distribution values at the bcp points for the AlO and PO bonded interactions that are in relatively good to moderately good agreement with the theoretical values, but the Laplacian values of the distribution at the points for the two bonded interactions were found to be in relatively poor agreement. In several cases, experimental bcp properties, generated with conventional low energy X-ray diffraction data for several rock forming minerals, were found overall to be in poorer agreement with the theoretical properties. The overall agreement between theoretical bcp properties generated with computational quantum methods and experimental properties generated with synchrotron high energy radiation not only provides a basis for using computational strategies for studying and modeling structures and their electron density distributions, but it also provides a basis for improving our understanding of the crystal chemistry and bonded interactions for earth materials. Theoretical bond critical point properties generated with computational quantum methods are believed to rival the accuracy of those determined experimentally. As such the calculations provide a powerful and efficient method for evaluating electron density distributions and the bonded interactions for a wide range of earth materials. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Math, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Chem Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Bonn, Mineral Petrol Inst, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. GKSS, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Mat Chem, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. RP Gibbs, GV (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM gvgibbs@vt.edu RI Blaha, Peter/F-2847-2010 NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0342-1791 J9 PHYS CHEM MINER JI Phys. Chem. Miner. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 32 IS 2 BP 114 EP 125 DI 10.1007/s00269-005-0456-9 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy SC Materials Science; Mineralogy GA 934PB UT WOS:000229719600005 ER PT J AU Gibbs, GV Cox, DF Ross, NL Crawford, TD Burt, JB Rosso, KM AF Gibbs, GV Cox, DF Ross, NL Crawford, TD Burt, JB Rosso, KM TI A mapping of the electron localization function for earth materials SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF MINERALS LA English DT Article DE silica; tremolite; diopside; talc; dickite; pectolite; forsterite; hydrogen bonding; SiO bond ID SILICA POLYMORPH COESITE; BONDED INTERACTIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DENSITY DISTRIBUTIONS; MODEL STRUCTURES; DOCKING SITES; SIO BOND; STISHOVITE; PRESSURE; GEOMETRY AB The electron localization function, ELF, generated for a number of geometry-optimized earth materials, provides a graphical representation of the spatial localization of the probability electron density distribution as embodied in domains ascribed to localized bond and lone pair electrons. The lone pair domains, displayed by the silica polymorphs quartz, coesite and cristobalite, are typically banana-shaped and oriented perpendicular to the plane of the SiOSi angle at similar to 0.60 angstrom from the O atom on the reflex side of the angle. With decreasing angle, the domains increase in magnitude, indicating an increase in the nucleophilic character of the O atom, rendering it more susceptible to potential electrophilic attack. The Laplacian isosurface maps of the experimental and theoretical electron density distribution for coesite substantiates the increase in the size of the domain with decreasing angle. Bond pair domains are displayed along each of the SiO bond vectors as discrete concave hemispherically-shaped domains at similar to 0.70 angstrom from the O atom. For more closed-shell ionic bonded interactions, the bond and lone pair domains are often coalesced, resulting in concave hemispherical toroidal-shaped domains with local maxima centered along the bond vectors. As the shared covalent character of the bonded interactions increases, the bond and lone pair domains are better developed as discrete domains. ELF isosurface maps generated for the earth materials tremolite, diopside, talc and dickite display banana-shaped lone pair domains associated with the bridging O atoms of SiOSi angles and concave hemispherical toroidal bond pair domains associated with the nonbridging ones. The lone pair domains in dickite and talc provide a basis for understanding the bonded interactions between the adjacent neutral layers. Maps were also generated for beryl, cordierite, quartz, low albite, forsterite, wadeite, (a) over circle Nkermanite, pectolite, periclase, hurlbutite, thortveitite and vanthoffite. Strategies are reviewed for finding potential H docking sites in the silica polymorphs and related materials. As observed in an earlier study, the ELF is capable of generating bond and lone pair domains that are similar in number and arrangement to those provided by Laplacian and deformation electron density distributions. The formation of the bond and lone pair domains in the silica polymorphs and the progressive decrease in the SiO length as the value of the electron density at the bond critical point increases indicates that the SiO bonded interaction has a substantial component of covalent character. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Math, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Chem Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gibbs, GV (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM gvgibbs@vt.edu RI Crawford, Thomas/A-9271-2017 OI Crawford, Thomas/0000-0002-7961-7016 NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0342-1791 J9 PHYS CHEM MINER JI Phys. Chem. Miner. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 32 IS 3 BP 208 EP 221 DI 10.1007/s00269-005-0463-x PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy SC Materials Science; Mineralogy GA 937QS UT WOS:000229941200006 ER PT J AU Livescu, D AF Livescu, D TI Comment on "Compressible Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities in supernova remnants" [Phys. Fluids 16, 4661 (2004)] SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 37545 USA. RP Livescu, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS-2 MS B296, Los Alamos, NM 37545 USA. EM livescu@lanl.gov OI Livescu, Daniel/0000-0003-2367-1547 NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD JUN PY 2005 VL 17 IS 6 AR 069101 DI 10.1063/1.1920348 PG 2 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 934ZY UT WOS:000229749500045 ER PT J AU Berger, RL Valeo, EJ Brunner, S AF Berger, RL Valeo, EJ Brunner, S TI The transition from thermally driven to ponderomotively driven stimulated Brillouin scattering and filamentation of light in plasma SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ION-ACOUSTIC-WAVES; NONLOCAL HEAT-TRANSPORT; LASER-PRODUCED PLASMAS; IONOSPHERIC MODIFICATION; DIFFUSION SCATTERING; KINETIC-THEORY; INSTABILITY; COLLISIONS AB The dispersion properties of ion acoustic waves and their nonlinear coupling to light waves through ponderomotive and thermal forces are sensitive to the strength of electron-ion collisions. Here, with the neglect of electron-electron collisions, the growth rate of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is obtained when the driven acoustic wave frequency and wavelength span the range of small to large compared to electron-ion collision frequency and mean free path, respectively. In all cases the thermal contributions to the SBS growth rate are insignificant if the ion acoustic wave frequency is greater than the electron-ion collision frequency and the wavelength is much shorter than the electron-ion mean free path. On the other hand, the purely growing filamentation instability remains thermally driven for shorter wavelengths than SBS even when the growth rate is larger than the acoustic frequency role. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EPFL, Assoc EURATOM Confederat Suisse, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Berger, RL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM berger5@llnl.gov RI Brunner, Stephan/B-6200-2009 OI Brunner, Stephan/0000-0001-7588-7476 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2005 VL 12 IS 6 AR 062508 DI 10.1063/1.1931089 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 934HR UT WOS:000229700400040 ER PT J AU Constantin, C Back, CA Fournier, KB Gregori, G Landen, OL Glenzer, SH Dewald, EL Miller, MC AF Constantin, C Back, CA Fournier, KB Gregori, G Landen, OL Glenzer, SH Dewald, EL Miller, MC TI Supersonic propagation of ionization waves in an underdense, laser-produced plasma SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; DENSITY FOAM TARGETS; HEAT-TRANSPORT; TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT; THOMSON SCATTERING; DRIVEN; RADIATION AB A laser-driven supersonic ionization wave propagating through a millimeter-scale plasma of subcritical density up to 2-3 keV electron temperatures was observed. Propagation velocities initially ten times the sound speed were measured by means of time-resolved x-ray imaging diagnostics. The measured ionization wave trajectory is modeled analytically and by a two-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamics code. The comparison to the modeling suggests that nonlocal heat transport effects may contribute to the attenuation of the heat-wave propagation. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM constantin1@llnl.gov NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2005 VL 12 IS 6 AR 063104 DI 10.1063/1.1927540 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 934HR UT WOS:000229700400059 ER PT J AU Delzanno, GL Bruno, A Sorasio, G Lapenta, G AF Delzanno, GL Bruno, A Sorasio, G Lapenta, G TI Exact orbital motion theory of the shielding potential around an emitting, spherical body SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED COULOMB CRYSTALLIZATION; DUST GRAINS; COLLISIONLESS PLASMA; LIMITED THEORY; SOLAR-SYSTEM; PARTICLES; EMISSION; DISCHARGES; SHEATH; SPACE AB A kinetic theory for the equilibrium of an unmagnetized plasma consisting of electrons and ions surrounding a spherical body emitting electrons (due to thermionic emission, photoemission, or secondary emission) is presented. The theory is valid for positively charged bodies, neglects collisions of the plasma particles, and is formulated for profiles of the shielding potential presenting an attractive well. Particle-in-cell simulations are shown to be in good agreement with the theory. An approximated criterion is derived to determine the presence of the potential well. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Politecn Torino, Dipartimento Energet, Burning Plasma Res Grp, I-10129 Turin, Italy. Inst Super Tecn, GoLP Ctr Fis Plasma, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. ISCAT, I-12037 Saluzzo, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Palsma Theory Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Delzanno, GL (reprint author), Politecn Torino, Dipartimento Energet, Burning Plasma Res Grp, Corso Duca Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Turin, Italy. EM gianluca.delzanno@polito.it OI Lapenta, Giovanni/0000-0002-3123-4024 NR 49 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2005 VL 12 IS 6 AR 062102 DI 10.1063/1.1914546 PG 18 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 934HR UT WOS:000229700400003 ER PT J AU Mynick, HE Boozer, AH AF Mynick, HE Boozer, AH TI The effect on stellarator neoclassical transport of a fluctuating electrostatic spectrum SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC PERTURBATIONS; TOROIDAL PLASMAS; HELICAL DEVICE; CONFINEMENT; TOKAMAK; TURBULENCE; DIFFUSION; SYSTEMS; FIELDS; MODES AB A study is presented of the effect on neoclassical transport of a fluctuating electrostatic spectrum, such as produced either by plasma turbulence, or imposed externally. For tokamaks, it is usually assumed that the neoclassical and "anomalous" contributions to the transport roughly superpose, D=D-nc+D-an, an intuition also used in modeling stellarators. An alternate intuition, however, is one where it is the collisional and anomalous scattering frequencies which superpose, nu(ef)=nu+nu(an). For nonaxisymmetric systems, in regimes where partial derivative D/partial derivative nu < 0, this "nu(ef) picture" implies that turning on the fluctuations can decrease the total radial transport. Using numerical and analytic means, it is found that the total transport has contributions conforming to each of these intuitions, either of which can dominate. In particular, for stellarators, the nu(ef) picture is often valid, producing transport behavior differing from tokamaks. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Mynick, HE (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, MS 28,James Forrestal Campus,POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2005 VL 12 IS 6 AR 062513 DI 10.1063/1.1937422 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 934HR UT WOS:000229700400045 ER PT J AU Seely, JF Feldman, U Holland, GE Weaver, JL Mostovych, AN Obenschain, SP Schmitt, AJ Lehmberg, R Kjornarattanawanich, B Back, CA AF Seely, JF Feldman, U Holland, GE Weaver, JL Mostovych, AN Obenschain, SP Schmitt, AJ Lehmberg, R Kjornarattanawanich, B Back, CA TI Absolutely calibrated vacuum ultraviolet spectra in the 150-250-nm range from plasmas generated by the NIKE KrF laser SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED SPATIAL INCOHERENCE AB High-resolution vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectra were recorded from plasmas generated by the NIKE KrF laser for the purpose of observing emission from the two-plasmon decay instability (TPDI) at 2/3 the NIKE wavelength (165 nm). The targets were irradiated by up to 43 overlapping beams with intensity up to approximate to 10(14) W/cm(2) and with beam smoothing by induced spatial incoherence (ISI). The targets consisted of planar foils of CH, BN, Al, Si, S, Ti, Pd, and Au. Titanium-doped silica aerogels in Pyrex cylinders were also irradiated. The spectra of the target elements were observed from charge states ranging from the neutral atoms to five times ionized. The spectrometer was absolutely calibrated using synchrotron radiation, and absolute VUV plasma emission intensities were determined. Emission from the TPDI at 165-nm wavelength was not observed from any of the irradiated targets. An upper bound on the possible TPDI emission was less than 4x10(-8) the incident NIKE laser energy. The NIKE laser radiation backscattered from the silica aerogel targets at 248 nm was typically 6x10(-6) the incident NIKE laser energy, and the spectral broadening corresponded to the 1-THz bandwidth of the ISI smoothing. The spectra from the moderately charged plasma ions (up to five times ionized), spectral linewidths, absolute continuum emission level, and slope of the continuum were consistent with plasma temperatures in the 100-300-eV range. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. ARTEP Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Space Res Associates, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2005 VL 12 IS 6 AR 062701 DI 10.1063/1.1920328 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 934HR UT WOS:000229700400046 ER PT J AU Slutz, SA Vesey, RA AF Slutz, SA Vesey, RA TI Fast ignition hot spot break-even scaling SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID FUSION; CAPSULES; LASERS; GAIN AB A series of numerical simulations have been performed to determine scaling laws for fast ignition break even of a hot spot formed by energetic particles created by a short pulse laser. Hot spot break even is defined to be when the fusion yield is equal to the total energy deposited in the hot spot through both the initial compression and the subsequent heating. In these simulations, only a small portion of a previously compressed mass of deuterium-tritium fuel is heated on a short time scale, i.e., the hot spot is tamped by the cold dense fuel which surrounds it. The hot spot tamping reduces the miminum energy required to obtain break even as compared to the situation where the entire fuel mass is heated, as was assumed in a previous study [S. A. Slutz, R. A. Vesey, I. Shoemaker, T. A. Mehlhorn, and K. Cochrane, Phys. Plasmas 7, 3483 (2004)]. The minimum energy required to obtain hot spot break even is given approximately by the scaling law E-T=7.5(rho/100)(-1.87) kJ for tamped hot spots, as compared to the previously reported scaling of E-UT=15.3(rho/100)(-1.5) kJ for untamped hotspots. The size of the compressed fuel mass and the focusability of the particles generated by the short pulse laser determines which scaling law to use for an experiment designed to achieve hot spot break even. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Slutz, SA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2005 VL 12 IS 6 AR 062702 DI 10.1063/1.1921672 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 934HR UT WOS:000229700400047 ER PT J AU Steiner, AW Prakash, M Lattimer, JM Ellis, P AF Steiner, AW Prakash, M Lattimer, JM Ellis, P TI Isospin asymmetry in nuclei and neutron stars SO PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Review DE nuclei; neutron stars; isospin asymmetry ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; SURFACE SYMMETRY ENERGY; EQUATION-OF-STATE; MEAN-FIELD THEORY; DENSE MATTER; ELECTRON-SCATTERING; FINITE NUCLEI; SPIN-ISOSPIN; PB-208; RADII AB The roles of isospin asymmetry in nuclei and neutron stars are investigated using a range of potential and field-theoretical models of nucleonic matter. The parameters of these models are fixed by fitting the properties of homogeneous bulk matter and closed-shell nuclei. We discuss and unravel the causes of correlations among the neutron skin thickness in heavy nuclei, the pressure of beta-equilibrated matter at a density of 0.1 fm(-3), the derivative of the nuclear symmetry energy at the same density and the radii of moderate mass neutron stars. Constraints on the symmetry properties of nuclear matter from the binding energies of nuclei are examined. The extent to which forthcoming neutron skin measurements will further delimit the symmetry properties is investigated. The impact of symmetry energy constraints for the mass and moment of inertia contained within neutron star crusts and the threshold density for the nucleon direct Urca process, all of which are potentially measurable, is explored. We also comment on the minimum neutron star radius, assuming that only nucleonic matter exists within the star. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 11794 USA. RP Steiner, AW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM asteiner@lanl.gov; prakash@snare.physics.sunysb.edu; lattimer@mail.astro.sunysb.edu RI Prakash, Madappa/D-9820-2016; OI Steiner, Andrew/0000-0003-2478-4017 NR 97 TC 528 Z9 539 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-1573 EI 1873-6270 J9 PHYS REP JI Phys. Rep.-Rev. Sec. Phys. Lett. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 411 IS 6 BP 325 EP 375 DI 10.1016/j.physrep.2005.02.004 PG 51 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 930LJ UT WOS:000229417100001 ER PT J AU Feibelman, PJ AF Feibelman, PJ TI Thoughts on starting the Hydrogen Economy SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter ID AMMONIA C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Feibelman, PJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pjfeibe@sandia.gov NR 3 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD JUN PY 2005 VL 58 IS 6 BP 13 EP 14 DI 10.1063/1.1996455 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 930VF UT WOS:000229444500006 ER PT J AU Glenn, LA AF Glenn, LA TI Thoughts on starting the Hydrogen Economy SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Glenn, LA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM lewglenn@pacbell.net NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD JUN PY 2005 VL 58 IS 6 BP 14 EP 14 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 930VF UT WOS:000229444500007 ER PT J AU Crabtree, GW Dresselhaus, MS Buchanan, MV AF Crabtree, GW Dresselhaus, MS Buchanan, MV TI Thoughts on starting the Hydrogen Economy - Reply SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Crabtree, GW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM crabtree@anl.gov; millie@mgm.mit.edu; buchananmv@ornl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD JUN PY 2005 VL 58 IS 6 BP 15 EP 15 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 930VF UT WOS:000229444500009 ER PT J AU Redner, S AF Redner, S TI Citation statistics from 110 years of Physical Review SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Article ID RANDOM NETWORKS; EVOLUTION; SCIENCE; IMPACT C1 Boston Univ, Ctr BioDynam, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Polymer Studies, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Redner, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 22 TC 189 Z9 190 U1 2 U2 49 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD JUN PY 2005 VL 58 IS 6 BP 49 EP 54 DI 10.1063/1.1996475 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 930VF UT WOS:000229444500024 ER PT J AU Fawley, W Furman, M Kim, KJ AF Fawley, W Furman, M Kim, KJ TI Ming Xie SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Fawley, W (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD JUN PY 2005 VL 58 IS 6 BP 81 EP 81 DI 10.1063/1.1996493 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 930VF UT WOS:000229444500033 ER PT J AU Maltz, JS Budinger, TF AF Maltz, JS Budinger, TF TI Evaluation of arterial endothelial function using transit times of artificially induced pulses SO PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE endothelium; atherosclerosis; ultrasonics; nitric oxide; muscle; smooth; pulse wave velocity; pulse transit time; reactive hyperemia ID FLOW-MEDIATED VASODILATION; HUMAN BRACHIAL-ARTERY; REACTIVE HYPEREMIA; NITRIC-OXIDE; HUMAN FOREARM; RISK-FACTORS; ULTRASOUND ASSESSMENT; NONINVASIVE DETECTION; HEALTHY-MEN; CORONARY AB Impairment of arterial endothelial function is an early event in atherosclerosis and correlates with the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The most widely employed non-invasive measure of endothelial function involves brachial artery (BA) diameter measurement using ultrasound imaging before and after several minutes of blood flow occlusion. The change in arterial diameter is a measure of flow-mediated vasorelaxation (FMVR). The high between-laboratory variability of results and cost of instrumentation render this technique unsuitable for routine clinical use. We induce artificial pulses at the superficial radial artery using a linear actuator. An ultrasonic Doppler stethoscope detects these pulses 10-30 cm proximal to the point of pulse induction. The delay between pulse application and detection provides the pulse transit time (PTT). By measuring PTT before and after 5 min of BA occlusion and ensuing reactive hyperemia, FMVR may be measured based on the changes in PTT caused by changes in vessel caliber, smooth muscle tone and wall thickness. We (1) validate the sensitivity of this technique to arterial wall tone using sublingual nitroglycerin and (2) compare measurements of endothelial function to ultrasound BA diameter measurements in 12 human subjects. The PTT-based method is verified to measure arterial wall tone and is shown to provide 37% greater sensitivity (p < 0.05) to FMVR than BA diameter measurements. By measuring the change in pulse transit time before and after endothelial stimulus, a sensitive, reproducible and convenient measure of endothelial function may be obtained at a low cost. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Funct Imaging, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mailstop 55R0121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [P01-HL25840]; NIA NIH HHS [R01-AG05890] NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0967-3334 EI 1361-6579 J9 PHYSIOL MEAS JI Physiol. Meas. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 26 IS 3 BP 293 EP 307 DI 10.1088/0967-3334/26/3/013 PG 15 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Physiology SC Biophysics; Engineering; Physiology GA 936EI UT WOS:000229837900015 PM 15798303 ER PT J AU Bakker, P Viebahn, M Wernars, K Smit, E Van Loon, L DeSantis, T Andersen, G AF Bakker, P. Viebahn, M. Wernars, K. Smit, E. Van Loon, L. DeSantis, T. Andersen, G. TI Microbial diversity in wheat rhizosphere as affected by genetically modified Pseudomonas putida WCS358r SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bakker, P.; Viebahn, M.; Van Loon, L.] Univ Utrecht, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. [DeSantis, T.; Andersen, G.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Wernars, K.; Smit, E.] RIVM, Bilthoven, Netherlands. RI Andersen, Gary/G-2792-2015 OI Andersen, Gary/0000-0002-1618-9827 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S5 EP S6 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400029 ER PT J AU Hu, S Chen, X Tu, C Louws, F Zhou, J Shuew, D AF Hu, S. Chen, X. Tu, C. Louws, F. Zhou, J. Shuew, D. TI High soil microbial diversity correlates with pathogen invasion but suppresses pathogen activity SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hu, S.; Tu, C.; Louws, F.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Chen, X.] Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. [Zhou, J.; Shuew, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Tu, Cong/H-9750-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S45 EP S45 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400273 ER PT J AU Yuan, ZY Li, LH Han, XG Huang, JH Jiang, GM Wan, SQ AF Yuan, ZY Li, LH Han, XG Huang, JH Jiang, GM Wan, SQ TI Soil characteristics and nitrogen resorption in Stipa krylovii native to northern China SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE nitrogen resorption; pH; semiarid ecosystems; soil nitrogen availability; Stipa krylovii ID NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY; LEAF LIFE-SPAN; MINERAL-NUTRITION; SENESCING LEAVES; PATAGONIAN MONTE; N-RESORPTION; P-RESORPTION; WILD PLANTS; ARGENTINA; CONSERVATION AB Nitrogen (N) resorption from senescing tissues enables plants to conserve and reuse this important nutrient. As such, it is expected that plant species adapted to infertile soils could have a higher N-resorption efficiency (percentage reduction of nitrogen between green and senescing tissues) and/or higher N-resorption proficiency (absolute reduction of nitrogen in senescing tissues) than those adapted to fertile soils. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the relationships among soil characteristics (total N, nitrate-N, ammonium-N, pH and moisture) and N resorption in Stipa krylovii Roshev., a species occurred widely in natural grasslands of northern China. N contents in green and senescing tissues were 6.7 +/- 0.1 and 3.3 +/- 0.1 mg g(-1), respectively. The mean value of N-resorption efficiency was found to be 72.1%. The N-resorption efficiency in S. krylovii was independent of soil characteristics. The N-resorption proficiency in S. krylovii was dependent on soil nitrate- and ammonium-N, but it was relatively independent of soil total N. The N-resorption proficiency was negatively correlated with soil pH and moisture. There was a positive correlation between N concentration in green tissues and resorption efficiency. However, N-resorption efficiency was not correlated significantly with N concentration in senescing tissues. These results indicate that the intraspecific variation in N resorption of Stipa krylovii Roshev. is associated with soil regimes and that higher N resorption on N-poor soils is an adaptive strategy for S. kryloivii to maximize N use under conditions of limited N supply. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Lab Quantitat Vegetat Ecol, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Li, LH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Lab Quantitat Vegetat Ecol, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. EM llinghao@ibcas.ac.cn RI Han, Xingguo/B-3980-2012; Wan, Shiqiang/B-5799-2009; Han, Xingguo/K-7552-2016 OI Han, Xingguo/0000-0002-1836-975X NR 37 TC 39 Z9 49 U1 8 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JUN PY 2005 VL 273 IS 1-2 BP 257 EP 268 DI 10.1007/s11104-004-7941-7 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 944AO UT WOS:000230397500022 ER PT J AU Bolaric, S Barth, S Melchinger, AE Posselt, UK AF Bolaric, S Barth, S Melchinger, AE Posselt, UK TI Molecular genetic diversity within and among German ecotypes in comparison to European perennial ryegrass cultivars SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Lolium perenne; AMOVA; diversity; ecotypes; genetic distance; geographic distance; RAPD marker ID LOLIUM-PERENNE; ECOGEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS; RAPD MARKERS; AFLP MARKERS; POPULATIONS; COLLECTION; L. AB Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is the most important grass species for temperate grassland agriculture. The level and distribution of genetic variation in gene bank ecotype collections is still largely unknown but of great interest for the planning of breeding programmes. The objectives of this study were to (i) assess the molecular variance and population structure of German ecotypes at the regional and population level, (ii) assign ecotypes to germplasm pools and (iii) compare the relationship between German ecotypes and previously investigated European cultivars of perennial ryegrass. A total of 22 ecotypes originating from three geographic areas in Germany, each with a sample size of 20 individual plants, were investigated with 156 polymorphic RAPD markers. Genetic distance among ecotypes ranged from 0.27 to 0.48. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed a much larger variation within populations (71%) than among them (29%). Ecotypes from North Germany were significantly different from those of South and Middle Germany. Thus, two distinct emiplasm pools could be identified. The 22 ecotypes and 22 previously investigated cultivars shared 98% of the molecular variance. C1 Univ Hohenheim, State Plant Breeding Inst, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. Teagasc, Crops Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. Univ Hohenheim, Inst Plant Breeding Populat Genet & Seed Sci, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Posselt, UK (reprint author), Univ Hohenheim, State Plant Breeding Inst, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. EM posselt@uni-hohenheim.de RI Barth, Susanne/P-3366-2014 OI Barth, Susanne/0000-0002-4104-5964 NR 28 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 58, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 124 IS 3 BP 257 EP 262 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2005.01108.x PG 6 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 937CV UT WOS:000229903100009 ER PT J AU Mazarakis, MG Deeney, CE Douglas, MR Stygar, WA Sinars, DB Cuneo, ME Chittenden, J Chandler, GA Nash, TJ Struve, KW McDaniel, DH AF Mazarakis, MG Deeney, CE Douglas, MR Stygar, WA Sinars, DB Cuneo, ME Chittenden, J Chandler, GA Nash, TJ Struve, KW McDaniel, DH TI Tungsten wire number dependence of the implosion dynamics at the Z-accelerator SO PLASMA DEVICES AND OPERATIONS LA English DT Article DE inertial confinement fusion; Z-pinch; wire arrays; radiation source; K-line radiation ID ARRAY Z-PINCHES AB In this paper, we report the results of an experimental campaign to study the initiation, implosion dynamics and radiation yield of tungsten wire arrays as a function of the wire number. An optimization study of the X-ray emitted peak power, rise time and FWHM was effectuated by varying the wire number while keeping the total array mass constant at -5.8mg. The driver used was the -20MA Z-accelerator, in its usual short pulse mode of 100ns. We studied single arrays of diameter 20mm and height 10mm. The smaller wire number studied was 30 and the largest 600. It appears that 600 is the highest wire number achievable with present-day technology. Radial and axial diagnostics were used, including a crystal monochromatic X-ray backlighter. An optimum wire number of -370 was observed, which is very close to the number (300) routinely used for the ICF program in Sandia. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. RP Mazarakis, MG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mgmazar@sandia.gov NR 5 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1051-9998 J9 PLASMA DEVICES OPER JI Plasma Devices Oper. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 13 IS 2 BP 157 EP 161 DI 10.1080/10519990500058339 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 930CJ UT WOS:000229393100010 ER PT J AU Jacob, GC Starbuck, JM Fellers, JF Simunovic, S AF Jacob, GC Starbuck, JM Fellers, JF Simunovic, S TI Effect of fiber volume fraction, fiber length and fiber tow size on the energy absorption of chopped carbon fiber-polymer composites SO POLYMER COMPOSITES LA English DT Article ID CRUSHING CHARACTERISTICS; TUBES; CAPABILITY; BEHAVIOR; SECTIONS; PLATES AB Composite materials have the potential to reduce the overall cost and weight of automotive structures with the added benefit of being able to dissipate large amounts of impact energy by progressive crushing. To identify and quantify the energy-absorbing mechanisms in candidate automotive composite materials, modified test methodologies were developed for conducting progressive crush tests on flat-plate composite specimens. The test method development and experimental setup focused on isolating the damage modes associated with the frond formation that occurs in dynamic testing of composite tubes. The Automotive Composites Consortium (ACC) is interested in investigating the use of chopped carbon fiber-reinforced composites as crash-energy absorbers primarily because the low costs involved in their manufacture make them cost-effective for automotive applications. While many in the past have investigated the energy-absorption characteristics in various continuous fiber-reinforced composite materials, no literature is available on the energy-absorption and crushing characteristics of chopped carbon fiber-reinforced composite materials. Hence quasi-static progressive crush tests were performed on composite plates manufactured from chopped carbon fiber (CCF) with an epoxy resin system using compression-molding techniques, and the effect of material parameters (fiber volume fraction, fiber length, and fiber tow size) on energy absorption was evaluated by varying them during testing. Of the parameters evaluated, fiber length appeared to be the most critical material parameter determining the specific energy absorption of a composite material, with shorter fibers having a higher specific energy absorption than longer fibers, possibly because of the increased concentration of stress raisers in the shorter fiber specimens, resulting in a larger number of fracture-initiation sites. The combination of material parameters that yielded the highest energy-absorbing material was identified. The test observations and trends established from this work would help support the development of low-cost energy absorbers for the automotive industry. Published 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers* C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Polymer Matrix Compostites Grp, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jacob, GC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 434 Dougherty Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM gjacob@utk.edu RI Starbuck, James/E-1442-2017 OI Starbuck, James/0000-0002-3814-9156 NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 25 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0272-8397 J9 POLYM COMPOSITE JI Polym. Compos. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 26 IS 3 BP 293 EP 305 DI 10.1002/pc.20100 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 941YW UT WOS:000230251100006 ER PT J AU Bernstein, R Derzon, DK Gillen, KT AF Bernstein, R Derzon, DK Gillen, KT TI Nylon 6.6 accelerated aging studies: thermal-oxidative degradation and its interaction with hydrolysis SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article DE nylon; degradation; aging; humidity; hydrolysis; oxygen consumption ID ACID HYDROLYSIS; ARRHENIUS; POLYMERS; KINETICS; PHOTOOXIDATION; EXTRAPOLATION; DECOMPOSITION; POLYAMIDE; RUBBER AB Accelerated aging of Nylon 6.6 fibers used in parachutes has been conducted by following the tensile strength loss under both thermal-oxidative and 100% relative humidity conditions. Thermal-oxidative studies (air circulating ovens) were performed for time periods of weeks to years at temperatures ranging from 37 degrees C to 138 degrees C. Accelerated aging humidity experiments (100% RH) were performed under both an argon atmosphere to examine the 'pure' hydrolysis pathway, and under an oxygen atmosphere (oxygen partial pressure close to that occurring in air) to mimic true aging conditions. As expected the results indicated that degradation caused by humidity is much more important than thermal-oxidative degradation. Surprisingly when both oxygen and humidity were present the rate of degradation was dramatically enhanced relative to humidity aging in the absence of oxygen. This significant and previously unknown phenomena underscores the importance of careful accelerated aging that truly mimics real world storage conditions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Organ Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bernstein, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Organ Mat Dept, POB 5800,MS 0888, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rbernst@sandia.gov NR 35 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 3 BP 480 EP 488 DI 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.11.020 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 921UD UT WOS:000228789700017 ER PT J AU Chien, WM Chandra, D Franklin, J Rawn, CJ Helmy, AK AF Chien, WM Chandra, D Franklin, J Rawn, CJ Helmy, AK TI X-ray diffractometry studies and lattice parameter calculation on KNO3-NH4NO3 solid solutions SO POWDER DIFFRACTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Denver X-ray Conference 2004 CY MAR, 2004 CL Denver, CO ID AMMONIUM-NITRATE; POTASSIUM-NITRATE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; TRANSFORMATIONS AB The solid-state phase transitions of the KNO3-NH4NO3 solid solutions have been determined by high temperature X-ray diffractometry, and lattice parameter calculation has also been performed. Ammonium nitrate (AN) is of great use for gas generators of automobile air bag systems. The X-ray diffraction results showed the single (AN) phase III from 5% to 20% KNO3 in NH4NO3 and up to 373 K, which is the important temperature range for the air bag gas generator applications. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the low temperature KNO3 phase (KN II) are from 92% to 100% KNO3 composition range and up to 393 K temperature. The high temperature KNO3 phase (KN I) showed very broad composition range from 20% up to 100% KNO3 at various temperature ranges. The lattice parameters of the NH4NO3-rich (AN III) and KNO3-rich (KN II and KN I) solid solutions have been calculated at different temperature range. The volumes of AN III phase decrease from 0.3201(4) to 0.3166(1) nm(3) at room temperature and from 0.3250(6) to 0.3215(3) nm3 at 373 K as the compositions increase from 5% to 20% KNO3. The lattice constants of the hexagonal KN I phase show that there is no significant change in a direction when the temperature increases. Details of X-ray results, lattice expansions, and equations during heating are presented. (c) 2005 International Centre for Diffraction Data. C1 Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Special Devices Inc, Moorpark, CA 93021 USA. RP Chandra, D (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM dchandra@unr.edu NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA PI NEWTOWN SQ PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA SN 0885-7156 J9 POWDER DIFFR JI Powder Diffr. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 2 BP 101 EP 104 DI 10.1154/1.1913718 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 935DA UT WOS:000229758400006 ER PT J AU Benson, ML Saleh, TA Liaw, PK Choo, H Brown, DW Daymond, MR Wang, XL Stoica, AD Buchanan, RA Klarstrom, DL AF Benson, ML Saleh, TA Liaw, PK Choo, H Brown, DW Daymond, MR Wang, XL Stoica, AD Buchanan, RA Klarstrom, DL TI Fatigue-induced phase formation and its deformation behavior in a cobalt-based superalloy SO POWDER DIFFRACTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Denver X-ray Conference 2004 CY MAR, 2004 CL Denver, CO ID HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; ULTIMET(R) ALLOY; TEMPERATURE EVOLUTION AB The low-cycle fatigue behavior of a cobalt-based superalloy was studied in situ using neutron-diffraction experiments. The alloy exhibited stress-induced formation of a hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) phase within its parent face-centered-cubic (fcc) phase at ambient temperature under strain-controlled fatigue conditions with a total strain range, Delta epsilon-2.5%. The (101) hcp peak was first observed during the 12(th) fatigue cycle under the given conditions following a period during which no hcp phase was detected. Subsequently, the intensity of the hcp peaks increased as fatigue progressed. Furthermore, within a single fatigue cycle, the intensity of the (101) hcp peak decreased during the compression half-cycle and increased again when the specimen was subjected to a subsequent tensile strain. The result suggests that the fcc to hcp transformation is partially reversible within one fatigue cycle. (c) 2005 International Centre for Diffraction Data. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Queens Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Haynes Int Inc, Kokomo, IN 46904 USA. RP Benson, ML (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM mbenson2@utk.edu RI Wang, Xun-Li/C-9636-2010; Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009; Stoica, Alexandru/K-3614-2013; OI Wang, Xun-Li/0000-0003-4060-8777; Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907; Stoica, Alexandru/0000-0001-5118-0134; Daymond, Mark/0000-0001-6242-7489 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA PI NEWTOWN SQ PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA SN 0885-7156 J9 POWDER DIFFR JI Powder Diffr. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 2 BP 121 EP 124 DI 10.1154/1.1913710 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 935DA UT WOS:000229758400011 ER PT J AU Sarrazin, P Blake, D Feldman, S Chipera, S Vaniman, D Bish, D AF Sarrazin, P Blake, D Feldman, S Chipera, S Vaniman, D Bish, D TI Field deployment of a portable X-ray diffraction/X-ray flourescence instrument on Mars analog terrain SO POWDER DIFFRACTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Denver X-ray Conference 2004 CY MAR, 2004 CL Denver, CO ID SOIL AB CheMin is a miniature X-ray diffraction/X-ray fluorescence instrument that is included in the payload of the Mars 2009 Mars Science Laboratory mission. A portable CheMin prototype was built to test the capability of the instrument for remote in situ mineralogical characterization of geological materials. The instrument was successfully deployed at a variety of Mars analog sites in Death Valley, CA, in May 2004. (c) 2005 International Centre for Diffraction Data. C1 InXitu, Mountain View, CA 94042 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Sarrazin, P (reprint author), InXitu, POB 730, Mountain View, CA 94042 USA. EM psarrazin@inxitu.com NR 15 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 12 PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA PI NEWTOWN SQ PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA SN 0885-7156 J9 POWDER DIFFR JI Powder Diffr. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 2 BP 128 EP 133 DI 10.1154/1.1913719 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 935DA UT WOS:000229758400013 ER PT J AU Miller, TC Havrilla, GJ AF Miller, TC Havrilla, GJ TI Elemental imaging for pharmaceutical tablet formulation analysis by micro X-ray fluorescence SO POWDER DIFFRACTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Denver X-ray Conference 2004 CY MAR, 2004 CL Denver, CO ID VISUALIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY AB The analysis of the distribution of pharmaceutical materials in tablet formulations, such as drugs and matrix elements, is critical to product performance and is used in such areas as quality control, impurity testing, and process monitoring. Recently imaging techniques, such as Raman, near-IR, and fluorescence imaging, have become popular for "visualization" of pharmaceutical formulations, allowing for spatial and chemical composition information to be obtained simultaneously. These methods have been primarily focused on molecular imaging, or spatial analysis of the molecular characteristics of the tablet formulation. However, elemental species are also an important part of pharmaceuticals. Micro X-ray fluorescence (MXRF) elemental imaging offers complementary information to molecular imaging techniques. In this study, MXRF was used for the elemental imaging of various commercial pharmaceutical drug and vitamin supplements. Specifically, elemental composition and heterogeneity were monitored for each different tablet. (c) 2005 International Centre for Diffraction Data. C1 Xray Opt Syst Inc, E Greenbush, NY 12061 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Miller, TC (reprint author), Xray Opt Syst Inc, E Greenbush, NY 12061 USA. EM tmiller@xos.com NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA PI NEWTOWN SQ PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA SN 0885-7156 J9 POWDER DIFFR JI Powder Diffr. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 2 BP 153 EP 157 DI 10.1154/1.1913720 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 935DA UT WOS:000229758400018 ER PT J AU Ritherdon, J Dechsiri, C Jones, AR Hoffmann, AC Wright, IG AF Ritherdon, J Dechsiri, C Jones, AR Hoffmann, AC Wright, IG TI On suitability of novel fluidised bed technique for separation of metallic powders during commercial powder metallurgical processing SO POWDER METALLURGY LA English DT Article DE fluidised bed; density separation; mechanical alloying; ODS alloys; baffles; powder defects ID SEGREGATION; BAFFLES; DYNAMICS; ALLOYS AB Experiments have been performed to test the efficiency with which a novel fluidised bed technique could separate different metallic powders in terms of size and density. The overall aim was to assess the potential of this technique for the commercial separation of defective powder fractions from mechanically alloyed (MA), iron based powders. Separation in terms of size was readily achieved, with the largest powder particles sinking to the bottom of the fluidised bed. In a simulated commercial process, density separation of defective Fe3Al powder could not be demonstrated as any differences in density were overshadowed by size and morphology differences. However, from a batch of iron based powder (p=8.02 g cm(-3)), seeded with six other metallic powders, aluminium powder (p=2.70 g cm(-3)) segregated strongly to the top of the bed from where samples containing 93 vol.-%Al were taken. The process is thought to be sensitive to differences in density of a factor of 1.1-3. C1 Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Liverpool L69 5GH, Merseyside, England. Univ Groningen, Dept Math, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. Univ Bergen, Dept Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ritherdon, J (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Liverpool L69 5GH, Merseyside, England. EM jrith@liv.ac.uk NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 0032-5899 J9 POWDER METALL JI Powder Metall. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 48 IS 2 BP 199 EP 202 DI 10.1179/003258905X37639 PG 4 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 948PR UT WOS:000230728700028 ER PT J AU Moore, L Post, H Hayden, H Canada, S Narang, D AF Moore, L Post, H Hayden, H Canada, S Narang, D TI Photovoltaic power plant experience at Arizona public service: A 5-year assessment SO PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS LA English DT Article DE large grid-connected PV systems; utility PV; field performance; cost; operation and maintenance experience AB Arizona Public Service (APS) currently has over 4.9 MWdc of grid-connected photovoltaic systems that have been installed in its service territory over the past five years. Most of this installed PV capacity is in support of the Arizona Corporation Commission Environmental Portfolio Standard goal that encourages APS to generate 1.1% of its energy generation through renewable resources by 2007, with 60% of that amount from solar. During this time, much has been learned regarding performance, cost, maintenance, installation and design. This paper presents an assessment of these topics and a perspective associated with this PV experience. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Arizona Publ Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85072 USA. RP Moore, L (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM lmmoore@sandia.gov NR 13 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1062-7995 J9 PROG PHOTOVOLTAICS JI Prog. Photovoltaics PD JUN PY 2005 VL 13 IS 4 BP 353 EP 363 DI 10.1002/pip.593 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 933SD UT WOS:000229652300008 ER PT J AU Asay, BW Son, SF Dickson, PM Smilowitz, LB Henson, BF AF Asay, BW Son, SF Dickson, PM Smilowitz, LB Henson, BF TI An investigation of the dynamic response of thermocouples in inert and reacting condensed phase energetic materials SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE thermocouples; dynamic response; time constant ID TIME CONSTANTS; FREQUENCY-RESPONSE; HEAT-TRANSFER; COMPENSATION; MICROTHERMOCOUPLE; WIRE AB Thermocouples are widely used to measure both transient and steady state temperatures in many different materials. Bead diameters range from a few micrometers to several millimeters. During steady state operations, dynamic response is not an issue. However, during fluctuating conditions, the temporal response of the thermocouple must be taken into account. Several different techniques have been developed to measure the response characteristics of measurements in inert gases and liquids, but to the authors' knowledge, relatively little work has been conducted in condensed phase reacting materials. This report presents an initial survey of the topic. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Asay, BW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM BWA@lanl.gov OI Son, Steven/0000-0001-7498-2922 NR 26 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 30 IS 3 BP 199 EP 208 DI 10.1002/prep.200500006 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 939FV UT WOS:000230058800006 ER PT J AU Ming, DM Wall, ME AF Ming, DM Wall, ME TI Quantifying allosteric effects in proteins SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE allosteric regulation; protein dynamics; conformational distribution; design principles; ligand binding; protein activity; control points; Kullback-Leibler divergence; allosteric potential; rate divergence ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; HINGE-BENDING MODE; X-RAY SCATTERING; DIFFUSE-SCATTERING; TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; PLAUSIBLE MODEL; LIGAND-BINDING; DYNAMICS; LYSOZYME; MOTIONS AB In allosteric regulation, protein activity is altered when ligand binding causes changes in the protein conformational distribution. Little is known about which aspects of protein design lead to effective allosteric regulation, however. To increase understanding of the relation between protein structure and allosteric effects, we have developed theoretical tools to quantify the influence of protein-ligand interactions on probability distributions of reaction rates and protein conformations. We define the rate divergence, (D) over bar (k), and the allosteric potential, (D) over bar (x), as the Kullback-Leibler divergence between either the reaction-rate distributions or protein conformational distributions with and without the ligand bound. We then define D. as the change in the conformational distribution of the combined protein/ligand system, derive D. in the harmonic approximation, and identify contributions from 3 separate terms: the first term, D-x(omega), results from changes in the eigenvalue spectrum; the second term, D-x(Delta x), results from changes in the mean conformation; and the third term, D-x(v), corresponds to changes in the eigen-vectors. Using normal modes analysis, we have calculated these terms for a natural interaction between lysozyme and the ligand tri-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, and compared them with calculations for a large number of simulated random interactions. The comparison shows that interactions in the known binding-site are associated with large values of D-x(v). The results motivate using allosteric potential calculations to predict functional binding sites on proteins, and suggest the possibility that, in Nature, effective ligand interactions occur at intrinsic control points at which binding induces a relatively large change in the protein conformational distribution. Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wall, ME (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Mail Stop B256, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mewall@lanl.gov NR 39 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 59 IS 4 BP 697 EP 707 DI 10.1002/prot.20440 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 927UR UT WOS:000229226500005 PM 15822100 ER PT J AU Gnanakaran, S Garcia, AE AF Gnanakaran, S Garcia, AE TI Helix-coil transition of alanine peptides in water: Force field dependence on the folded and unfolded structures SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE folding; explicit solvent; replica exchange molecular dynamics; trialanine; poly-proline like (PPII); OPLS; AMBER; Lifson-Roig; Zimm-Bragg; free energy ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; FREE-ENERGY LANDSCAPE; POLYPROLINE-II STRUCTURE; ISOLATED-PAIR HYPOTHESIS; BETA-HAIRPIN; ALPHA-HELIX; SOLVENT MODEL; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; CONFORMATIONAL DYNAMICS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION AB The force fields used in classical modeling studies are semiempirical in nature and rely on their validation by comparison of simulations with experimental data. The all-atom replica-exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) methodology allows us to calculate the thermodynamics of folding/unfolding of peptides and small proteins, and provides a way of evaluating the reliability of force fields. We apply the REMD to obtain equilibrium folding/unfolding thermodynamics of a 21-residue peptide containing only alanine residues in explicit aqueous solution. The thermodynamics of this peptide is modeled with both the OPLS/AA/L and the A94/MOD force fields. We find that the helical content and the values for the helix propagation and nucleation parameters for this alanine peptide are consistent with measurements on similar peptides and with calculations using the modified AMBER force field (A94/MOD). The nature of conformations, both folded and unfolded, that contributes to the helix-coil transition profile, however, is quite different between these two force fields. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Garcia, AE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, T-10 MS K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM axg@lani.gov NR 71 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 59 IS 4 BP 773 EP 782 DI 10.1002/prot.20439 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 927UR UT WOS:000229226500011 PM 15815975 ER PT J AU Nymeyer, H Woolf, TB Garcia, AE AF Nymeyer, H Woolf, TB Garcia, AE TI Folding is not required for bilayer insertion: Replica exchange simulations of an alpha-helical peptide with an explicit lipid bilayer SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE four-stage model; replica exchange molecular dynamics; WALP ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; HYDROPHOBIC MISMATCH; TRANSMEMBRANE PEPTIDES; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; MONTE-CARLO; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE BILAYERS; HYDROGEN/DEUTERIUM EXCHANGE; SOLVATION ENERGIES; FLANKING RESIDUES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB We implement the replica exchange molecular dynamics algorithm to study the interactions of a model peptide (WALP-16) with an explicitly represented DPPC membrane bilayer. We observe the spontaneous, unbiased insertion of WALP-16 into the DPPC bilayer and its folding into an alpha-helix with a transbilayer orientation. The free energy surface suggests that the insertion of the peptide into the DPPC bilayer precedes secondary structure formation. Although the peptide has some propensity to form a partially helical structure in the interfacial region of the DPPC/water system, this state is not a productive intermediate but rather an off-pathway trap for WALP-16 insertion. Equilibrium simulations show that the observed insertion/folding pathway mirrors the potential of mean force (PMF). Calculation of the enthalpic and entropic contributions to this PMF show that the surface bound conformation of WALP-16 is significantly lower in energy than other conformations, and that the insertion of WALP-16 into the bilayer without regular secondary structure is enthalpically unfavorable by 5-10 kcal/ mol/residue. The observed insertion/folding pathway disagrees with the dominant conceptual model,(1-3) which is that a surface-bound helix is an obligatory intermediate for the insertion of a-helical peptides into lipid bilayers. In our simulations, the observed insertion/folding pathway is favored because of a large (> 100 kcal/mol) increase in system entropy that occurs when the unstructured WALP-16 peptide enters the lipid bilayer interior. The insertion/folding pathway that is lowest in free energy depends sensitively on the near cancellation of large enthalpic and entropic terms. This suggests the possibility that intrinsic membrane peptides may have a diversity of insertion/folding behaviors depending on the exact system of peptide and lipid under consideration. Proteins 2005;59:783-790. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biophys, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Garcia, AE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, T-10,MS K710,T-10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM angel@rpi.edu NR 66 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 59 IS 4 BP 783 EP 790 DI 10.1002/prot.20460 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 927UR UT WOS:000229226500012 PM 15828005 ER PT J AU Levin, I Miller, MD Schwarzenbacher, R McMullan, D Abdubek, P Ambing, E Biorac, T Cambell, J Canaves, JM Chiu, CJ Deacon, AM DiDonato, M Elsliger, MA Godzik, A Grittini, C Grzechnik, SK Hale, J Hampton, E Han, GW Haugen, J Hornsby, M Jaroszewski, L Karlak, C Klock, HE Koesema, E Kreusch, A Kuhn, P Lesley, SA Morse, A Moy, K Nigoghossian, E Ouyang, J Page, R Quijano, K Reyes, R Robb, A Sims, E Spraggon, G Stevens, RC van den Bedem, H Velasquez, J Vincent, J Wang, XH West, B Wolf, G Xu, QP Zagnitko, O Hodgson, KO Wooley, J Wilson, IA AF Levin, I Miller, MD Schwarzenbacher, R McMullan, D Abdubek, P Ambing, E Biorac, T Cambell, J Canaves, JM Chiu, CJ Deacon, AM DiDonato, M Elsliger, MA Godzik, A Grittini, C Grzechnik, SK Hale, J Hampton, E Han, GW Haugen, J Hornsby, M Jaroszewski, L Karlak, C Klock, HE Koesema, E Kreusch, A Kuhn, P Lesley, SA Morse, A Moy, K Nigoghossian, E Ouyang, J Page, R Quijano, K Reyes, R Robb, A Sims, E Spraggon, G Stevens, RC van den Bedem, H Velasquez, J Vincent, J Wang, XH West, B Wolf, G Xu, QP Zagnitko, O Hodgson, KO Wooley, J Wilson, IA TI Crystal structure of an indigoidine synthase a (IndA)-Like protein (TM1464) from Thermotoga maritima at 1.90 A resolution reveals a new fold SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID REFINEMENT; GEOMETRY C1 Scripps Res Inst, Joint Ctr Struct Genom, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. San Diego Supercomp Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. Novartis Res Fdn, Genom Inst, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Scripps Res Inst, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Wilson, IA (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Joint Ctr Struct Genom, BCC206,10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM wilson@scripps.edu RI Godzik, Adam/A-7279-2009; Stevens, Raymond/K-7272-2015 OI Godzik, Adam/0000-0002-2425-852X; Stevens, Raymond/0000-0002-4522-8725 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM62411] NR 16 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-3585 EI 1097-0134 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 59 IS 4 BP 864 EP 868 DI 10.1002/prot.20420 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 927UR UT WOS:000229226500019 PM 15822122 ER PT J AU Liu, JY Oganesyan, N Shin, DH Jancarik, J Yokota, H Kim, R Kim, SH AF Liu, JY Oganesyan, N Shin, DH Jancarik, J Yokota, H Kim, R Kim, SH TI Structural characterization of an iron-sulfur cluster assembly protein IscU in a zinc-bound form SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID MARITIMA ISCU; BIOSYNTHESIS; NIFU; IDENTIFICATION; MITOCHONDRIA; DOMAIN; SITE C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Kim Berkeley Struct Genom Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Kim Berkeley Struct Genom Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM SHMni@cchem.berkeley.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 62412] NR 26 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 59 IS 4 BP 875 EP 881 DI 10.1002/prot.20421 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 927UR UT WOS:000229226500021 PM 15815978 ER PT J AU Vaswani, HM Holt, NE Fleming, GR AF Vaswani, HM Holt, NE Fleming, GR TI Carotenoid-chlorophyll complexes: ready-to-harvest SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th IUPAC Symposium on Photochemistry CY JUL 17-22, 2004 CL Granada, SPAIN SP Int Union Pure & Appl Chem DE carotenoid-chlorophyll complexes; light harvesting; feedback deexcitation quenching in green plants; mechanism of energy transfer; dependent density functional theory ID FLUORESCENCE UP-CONVERSION; BACTERIOCHLOROPHYLL ENERGY-TRANSFER; RAMAN EXCITATION PROFILES; CHARGE-TRANSFER STATE; QUANTUM MONTE-CARLO; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; S-1 STATE; EXCITED-STATE; BETA-CAROTENE; GREEN PLANTS AB The fundamental interactions between naturally occurring pigments in light-harvesting systems are responsible for the high efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus. We describe the role of carotenoids (Cars) in light-harvesting systems, including our work elucidating the mechanism of energy transfer from the optically dark Car singlet excited state (S 1) to chlorophyll (Ch1) and calculations on the electronic structure of Cars by means of time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). We highlight new studies on the charge-transfer state of the Car, peridinin (Per), which enhances the light-harvesting efficiency of the Car by increasing the electronic coupling to Ch1. The role of another Car, zeaxanthin (Zea), is discussed with respect to its role in the mechanism of the feedback deexcitation quenching in green plants, a vital regulation process under light conditions which exceed photosynthetic capacity. Lastly, we provide insight on how the 96 Ch1s in Photosystem I are optimized to generate a pigment-protein complex which utilizes solar energy with near unit efficiency. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fleming, GR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 97 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT UNION PURE APPLIED CHEMISTRY PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA 104 TW ALEXANDER DR, PO BOX 13757, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-3757 USA SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 77 IS 6 BP 925 EP 945 DI 10.1351/pac200577060925 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 938MI UT WOS:000230007100002 ER PT J AU Jones, IM Thomas, CB Xi, T Nelson, DO Mohrenweiser, HW AF Jones, IM Thomas, CB Xi, T Nelson, DO Mohrenweiser, HW TI The genetic basis for variation in radiation sensitivity in the general population SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on Radiation and Health CY JUN 26-30, 2004 CL Beaver Creek, CO SP Amer Statis Assoc ID DNA-REPAIR GENES; CANCER RISK; VARIANTS C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Div Epidemiol, Irvine, CA USA. RP Jones, IM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA59431] NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BOULEVARD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 163 IS 6 BP 700 EP 701 PG 2 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 931NE UT WOS:000229491200020 PM 16044501 ER PT J AU Sigurdson, AJ Jones, IM AF Sigurdson, AJ Jones, IM TI Second cancers after radiotherapy: Any evidence for radiation-induced genomic instability? SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on Radiation and Health CY JUN 26-30, 2004 CL Beaver Creek, CO SP Amer Statis Assoc ID IONIZING-RADIATION; EXPOSURE C1 NCI, Radiat Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. RP Sigurdson, AJ (reprint author), NCI, Radiat Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BOULEVARD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 163 IS 6 BP 702 EP 703 PG 2 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 931NE UT WOS:000229491200022 PM 16044503 ER PT J AU Prykarpatsky, YA Samoilenko, AM Prykarpatsky, AK AF Prykarpatsky, YA Samoilenko, AM Prykarpatsky, AK TI The De Rham-hodge-Skrypnik theory of Delsarte transmutation operators in multidimension and its applications SO REPORTS ON MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Symposium on Mathematical Physics CY JUN 09-12, 2004 CL Torun, POLAND DE Delsarte; transmutation operators; de Rham-Hodge-Skrypnik differential complex; Darboux transformations; Dirac operator; Laplace operator; operator pencils; soliton-like solutions ID DARBOUX TRANSFORMATIONS; EQUATIONS AB We study differential-geometric and topological structures related with Delsarte transmutations of multi-dimensional differential operators in Hilbert spaces. Based on the naturally defined de Rham-Hodge-Skrypnik differential complex the relationships with spectral theory and special Berezansky type congruence properties of Delsarte transmuted operators are stated. Some applications to-multi-dimensional differential operators are done including three-dimensional Laplace operator, two-dimensional classical Dirac operator and its multidimensional affine extension, related with self-dual Yang-Mills equations. The soliton-like solutions to the related set of nonlinear dynamical systems are discussed. C1 NAS, Math Inst, UA-01601 Kiev, Ukraine. AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Appl Math, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. RP Prykarpatsky, YA (reprint author), CDIC, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM yarpry@bnl.gov; sam@imath.kiev.ua; prykanat@cybergal.com NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0034-4877 J9 REP MATH PHYS JI Rep. Math. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 55 IS 3 BP 351 EP 370 DI 10.1016/S0034-4877(05)80051-5 PG 20 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 938QS UT WOS:000230018500005 ER PT J AU Gschneidner, KA Pecharsky, VK Tsokol, AO AF Gschneidner, KA Pecharsky, VK Tsokol, AO TI Recent developments in magnetocaloric materials SO REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID MAGNETIC-ENTROPY CHANGE; NI-MN-GA; LA0.7CA0.3MNO3 SINGLE-CRYSTAL; ROOM-TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS; HEAT-PUMP CYCLES; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; MAGNETOTHERMAL PROPERTIES; METAMAGNETIC TRANSITION; FERROMAGNETIC TRANSITION AB The recent literature concerning the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) has been reviewed. The MCE properties have been compiled and correlations have been made comparing the behaviours of the different families of magnetic materials which exhibit large or unusual MCE values. These families include: the lanthanide (R) Laves phases (RM2, where M = Al, Co and Ni), Gd-5(Si1-xGex)(4), Mn(As1-xSbx), MnFe(P1-xAsx), La(Fe13-xSix) and their hydrides and the manganites (R1-xMxMnO3, where R = lanthanide and M = Ca, Sr and Ba). The potential for use of these materials in magnetic refrigeration is discussed, including a comparison with Gd as a near room temperature active magnetic regenerator material. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM cagey@ameslab.gov NR 255 TC 1622 Z9 1630 U1 59 U2 465 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0034-4885 EI 1361-6633 J9 REP PROG PHYS JI Rep. Prog. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1479 EP 1539 DI 10.1088/0034-4885/68/6/R04 PG 61 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 952LV UT WOS:000231005900004 ER PT J AU Cabezas, H Pawlowski, CW Mayer, AL Hoagland, NT AF Cabezas, H Pawlowski, CW Mayer, AL Hoagland, NT TI Simulated experiments with complex sustainable systems: Ecology and technology SO RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Canadian-Society-for-Chemical-Engineering/Chemical-Institute-of-Canada/5 3rd Canadian Chemical Engineering Conference CY 2003 CL Hamilton, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Chem Engn, Chem Inst Canada DE environmental; sustainability; ecosystems; food web AB The concept of sustainability is associated with the statement from the World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987: ".. development that meets the needs and aspirations of the present without compromising the ability to meet those of the future..." However, this statement lacks a practical environmental management strategy. The goal of a sustainable management strategy is to promote the structure and operation of the human component of a system (society, economy, technology, etc.) in such a manner as to reinforce the persistence of the structures and operation of the natural component (i.e., the ecosystem). We report on our efforts to identify the characteristics of sustainable systems with a simulation model that comprises an ecological food web and a simple, abstract industrial sector. We consider three different industry types, each taking different combinations of inputs from agriculture, natural resource extraction and harvesting of a wild animal species. We explore several scenarios including halving industrial efficiency, doubling the throughput of the industrial process (IP), and doubling the wastefulness of production. We present the results with the aid of a summary measure based on information theory. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div,Sustainable Environm Bran, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Cabezas, H (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div,Sustainable Environm Bran, 26 W Martin Luther Dr,Ms 498, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM cabezas.heriberto@epa.gov OI Mayer, Audrey/0000-0003-3278-1182 NR 19 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-3449 J9 RESOUR CONSERV RECY JI Resour. Conserv. Recycl. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 44 IS 3 BP 279 EP 291 DI 10.1016/j.resconrec.2005.01.005 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 932AJ UT WOS:000229526300007 ER PT J AU Adams, BW AF Adams, BW TI Femtosecond synchronism of x rays to visible light in an x-ray free-electron laser SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION AB A way is proposed to obtain intense infrared/visible light from an electron bunch in an x-ray free-electron laser in femtosecond synchronism with the x-rays themselves. It combines the recently proposed technique of emittance slicing in a free-electron laser with transition undulator radiation (TUR). The part of the electron bunch that is left unspoiled in the emittance slicing process is the source of both coherent x rays and of coherent TUR at near-infrared wavelengths. An extension of the concept also exploits the fact that the electrons that participate in the free-electron lasing process lose a significant part of their energy. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Adams, BW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM adams@aps.anl.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 76 IS 6 AR 063304 DI 10.1063/1.1927109 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 937YG UT WOS:000229962000048 ER PT J AU Axen, D Hackenburg, R Hoffmann, A Kane, S Lissauer, D Makowiecki, D Muller, T Pate, D Radeka, V Rahm, D Rehak, M Rescia, S Sexton, K Sondericker, J Birney, P Dowling, AW Fincke-Keeler, M Hodges, T Holness, F Honkanen, N Keeler, R Langstaff, R Lenckowski, M Lefebvre, M Poffenberger, P Vowles, G Oram, C AF Axen, D Hackenburg, R Hoffmann, A Kane, S Lissauer, D Makowiecki, D Muller, T Pate, D Radeka, V Rahm, D Rehak, M Rescia, S Sexton, K Sondericker, J Birney, P Dowling, AW Fincke-Keeler, M Hodges, T Holness, F Honkanen, N Keeler, R Langstaff, R Lenckowski, M Lefebvre, M Poffenberger, P Vowles, G Oram, C TI Signal feedthroughs for the ATLAS barrel and endcap calorimeters SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB The function, design, construction, testing, and installation of the signal feedthroughs for the barrel and endcap ATLAS liquid argon calorimeters are described. The feedthroughs provide a high density and radiation hard method to extract over 200 000 signals from the cryogenic environment of the calorimeters using an application of a design based on flexible kapton circuit board transmission lines. A model to describe the frequency dependent behavior of the transmission lines is also presented. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM hack@bnl.gov RI Rescia, Sergio/D-8604-2011 OI Rescia, Sergio/0000-0003-2411-8903 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 76 IS 6 AR 063306 DI 10.1063/1.1927407 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 937YG UT WOS:000229962000050 ER PT J AU Bergner, A Heugen, U Brundermann, E Schwaab, G Havenith, M Chamberlin, DR Haller, EE AF Bergner, A Heugen, U Brundermann, E Schwaab, G Havenith, M Chamberlin, DR Haller, EE TI New p-Ge THz laser spectrometer for the study of solutions: THz absorption spectroscopy of water SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID FAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; TIME-DOMAIN SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; LIQUID H2O; GERMANIUM; EMISSION; DYNAMICS; PULSES AB We present the development of a high power, tunable far-infrared p-germanium laser spectrometer for the study of dissolved biomolecules in the THz range. As a first application we report on the measurement of the absorption coefficient alpha for liquid water in the frequency range from 81 to 96 cm(-1). Using the p-Ge laser spectrometer we were able to penetrate through layers of up to 100 mu m thickness. We discuss the advantages and the limitations of this THz spectrometer. We present an analysis of the experimental data based on a chi(2) test to provide an objective procedure to minimize the influence of systematic effects, for example of interference due to multiple reflections within the sample chamber. The measured absorption coefficient alpha lies between (410 +/- 6) and (490 +/- 6) cm(-1) at 81 and 96 cm(-1), respectively. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Ruhr Univ Bochum, Dept Phys Chem 2, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Agilent Labs, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Havenith, M (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Dept Phys Chem 2, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. EM martina.havenith@ruhr-uni-bochum.de RI Bruendermann, Erik/J-7186-2016; OI Bruendermann, Erik/0000-0003-4119-3489; Schwaab, Gerhard/0000-0003-2136-907X NR 34 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 76 IS 6 AR 063110 DI 10.1063/1.1928427 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 937YG UT WOS:000229962000039 ER PT J AU Brockington, SJE Horton, RD Hwang, DQ Evans, RW Howard, SJ Thio, YCF AF Brockington, SJE Horton, RD Hwang, DQ Evans, RW Howard, SJ Thio, YCF TI Plasma density gradient measurement using laser deflection SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB For a given chord through a plasma, changes in the line integrated index of refraction as a result of a transverse density gradient can be observed by measuring the angle of deflection of a laser beam. In contrast to laser interferometers, this method of density profile measurement places modest requirements on laser quality and alignment procedures, allowing measurements to be conducted with short coherence length commercial laser diodes and segmented photodiode detectors. A prototype implementation of this scheme has been constructed and tested on the compact toroid injection experiment (CTIX). At densities comparable to magnetic fusion plasmas, laser deflections in the nanoradian range were measured. By assuming a particular density profile, a sensitivity of similar to 10(12) cm(-3)/nrad was obtained. This produced estimates of CTIX peak density in reasonable agreement with conventional interferometry data. The final goal of this diagnostic is a simple, reliable, array deployable density profile diagnostic. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA USA. US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Brockington, SJE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM sjebrock@ucdavis.edu RI Thio, Yong Chia/G-5442-2014 OI Thio, Yong Chia/0000-0003-3615-643X NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 76 IS 6 AR 063503 DI 10.1063/1.1935447 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 937YG UT WOS:000229962000055 ER PT J AU Cady, A Haskel, D Lang, JC Srajer, G Chupas, P Osborn, R Mitchell, JF Ahn, JS Hur, N Park, S Cheong, SW AF Cady, A Haskel, D Lang, JC Srajer, G Chupas, P Osborn, R Mitchell, JF Ahn, JS Hur, N Park, S Cheong, SW TI Scanning low-temperature element-specific magnetic microscopy SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID LAYERED MANGANITES; X-RAYS; PHASE; LA1.2SR1.8MN2O7 AB We have developed a low-temperature element-specific magnetic microscopy instrument at beamline 4-ID-D of the Advanced Photon Source. The setup enables simultaneous chemical and magnetic characterization of materials with similar to 1 mu m(2) resolution at low temperature (> 10 K) under a moderate applied field (< 0.8 T). We demonstrate the potential of this apparatus by presenting results correlating chemical and magnetic local behavior in inhomogeneous layered manganites and multiferroic systems. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Cady, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM acady@aps.anl.gov RI Osborn, Raymond/E-8676-2011; Hur, Namjung/G-3752-2013 OI Osborn, Raymond/0000-0001-9565-3140; NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 76 IS 6 AR 063702 DI 10.1063/1.1921510 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 937YG UT WOS:000229962000057 ER PT J AU Feng, Y Somayazulu, MS Jaramillo, R Rosenbaum, TF Isaacs, ED Hu, JZ Mao, HK AF Feng, Y Somayazulu, MS Jaramillo, R Rosenbaum, TF Isaacs, ED Hu, JZ Mao, HK TI Energy dispersive x-ray diffraction of charge density waves via chemical filtering SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID CHROMIUM; ANTIFERROMAGNETISM; DEPENDENCE; SCATTERING AB Pressure tuning of phase transitions is a powerful tool in condensed matter physics, permitting high-resolution studies while preserving fundamental symmetries. At the highest pressures, energy dispersive x-ray diffraction (EDXD) has been a critical method for geometrically confined diamond anvil cell experiments. We develop a chemical filter technique complementary to EDXD that permits the study of satellite peaks as weak as 10(-4) of the crystal Bragg diffraction. In particular, we map out the temperature dependence of the incommensurate charge density wave diffraction from single-crystal, elemental chromium. This technique provides the potential for future GPa pressure studies of many-body effects in a broad range of solid state systems. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Feng, Y (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM yejun@uchicago.edu RI Feng, Yejun/A-5417-2009 OI Feng, Yejun/0000-0003-3667-056X NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 76 IS 6 AR 063913 DI 10.1063/1.1938954 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 937YG UT WOS:000229962000079 ER PT J AU Goncharov, AF Crowhurst, JC AF Goncharov, AF Crowhurst, JC TI Pulsed laser Raman spectroscopy in the laser-heated diamond anvil cell SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRESSURE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; ULTRAHIGH PRESSURES; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; GPA; FLUORESCENCE; SCATTERING; NITRIDE; METALS AB We describe the design and operation of a spatially-filtered Raman/fluorescence spectrometer that incorporates a pulsed 532 nm laser excitation source and a synchronized and electronically gated CCD detector. This system permits the suppression of undesired continuous radiation from various sources by a factor of up to 50 000 providing the possibility of acquiring Raman signals at temperatures exceeding 5 000 K. We present performance comparisons of this system with that of a state-of-the-art conventional CW system using a 458 nm excitation source. We also demonstrate that the pulsed system is capable of suppressing an impurity-induced (single nitrogen defects) fluorescence in diamond, and further suggest that this capability can be used to suppress the stress-induced fluorescence in diamond that may appear at pressures near or above 150 GPa. This work suggests that Raman spectroscopy under conditions of very high temperatures (to 5000 K) and/or ultrahigh pressures (to 300 GPa) is entirely viable. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Goncharov, AF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 76 IS 6 AR 063905 DI 10.1063/1.1931205 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 937YG UT WOS:000229962000071 ER PT J AU Harris, WA Reilly, PTA Whitten, WB Ramsey, JM AF Harris, WA Reilly, PTA Whitten, WB Ramsey, JM TI Transportable real-time single-particle ion trap mass spectrometer SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL-PARTICLES; ATLANTA SUPERSITE PROJECT; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; LASER DESORPTION/IONIZATION; ENVIRONMENTAL PARTICLES; IDAHO-HILL; CONTROLLED DIMENSIONS; INDIVIDUAL PARTICLES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA AB A transportable ion trap mass spectrometer for real-time detection and characterization of individual airborne particles was constructed by minimal modification of a commercial ion trap mass spectrometer. A blank flange was replaced with a flange containing an aerodynamic lens based inlet, light scattering detection optics and ablation/ionization laser optics. Four holes were drilled into the ring electrode. Timing electronics boards running off of in-place power systems were added and integrated with the existing software. The modified mass spectrometer and laser system was packaged in a rugged wheeled frame for easy transport. Particles entered the instrument through a 100 mu m orifice and were passed through an aerodynamic lens system that produced a well-collimated particle beam over a wide range of sizes. The particle beam passed through a skimmer into the main chamber where individual particles were optically detected and sized with two focused 532 nm diode lasers on their way to the ion trap. When the particles reached the center of the trap, they were ablated and ionized with a focused 266 nm laser. The nascent ions were then mass analyzed using standard ion trap techniques, including tandem mass spectrometry. Each detected particle was characterized with a mass spectrum and an aerodynamically determined particle size. Careful design minimized the weight and size of the instrument to 104 kg and 69x71x76 cm, with power consumption less than 1.5 kW. Tandem mass spectrometry was demonstrated for identification of ions through collision-induced dissociation (CID) up to mass spectrometry (MS).(4) Unit mass resolution was observed in both the parent and CID mass spectra. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Reilly, PTA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6142, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM reillypt@ornl.gov NR 70 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 76 IS 6 AR 064102 DI 10.1063/1.1938607 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 937YG UT WOS:000229962000081 ER PT J AU Havrilla, GJ Miller, TC AF Havrilla, GJ Miller, TC TI High-throughput screening with micro-x-ray fluorescence SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; CATALYST LIBRARIES; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; PARALLEL ANALYSIS; SPECTROMETRY; DISCOVERY; MEMBERS AB Micro-x-ray fluorescence (MXRF) is a useful characterization tool for high-throughput screening of combinatorial libraries. Due to the increasing threat of use of chemical warfare (CW) agents both in military actions and against civilians by terrorist extremists, there is a strong push to improve existing methods and develop means for the detection of a broad spectrum of CW agents in a minimal amount of time to increase national security. This paper describes a combinatorial high-throughput screening technique for CW receptor discovery to aid in sensor development. MXRF can screen materials for elemental composition at the mesoscale level (tens to hundreds of micrometers). The key aspect of this work is the use of commercial MXRF instrumentation coupled with the inherent heteroatom elements within the target molecules of the combinatorial reaction to provide rapid and specific identification of lead species. The method is demonstrated by screening an 11-mer oligopeptide library for selective binding of the degradation products of the nerve agent VX. The identified oligopeptides can be used as selective molecular receptors for sensor development. The MXRF screening method is nondestructive, requires minimal sample preparation or special tags for analysis, and the screening time depends on the desired sensitivity. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Xray Opt Syst Inc, E Greenbush, NY 12061 USA. RP Havrilla, GJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 76 IS 6 AR 062201 DI 10.1063/1.1906063 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 937YG UT WOS:000229962000003 ER PT J AU Heimann, PA Koike, M Padmore, HA AF Heimann, PA Koike, M Padmore, HA TI Dispersive x-ray absorption spectroscopy with gratings above 2 keV SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTION; PERFORMANCE AB Laminar gratings can be used to perform x-ray absorption measurements dispersively in energy, thereby making an efficient use of the available x-ray intensity. To examine the performance of a laminar grating in diffracting short wavelength x rays, efficiency measurements of a 600 l/mm grating were performed over the photon energy range from 3 to 8 keV. A peak efficiency of 5.8% was observed without surface normal rotation (SNR); with a SNR of 60 degrees a maximum efficiency of 14.1% was measured. The measured grating efficiencies are in good qualitative agreement with values calculated by a code based on the Neviere theory. By considering both the peak efficiency and the diffracted bandwidth, a gain of 97 is obtained for the 600 l/mm grating with a SNR of 60 degrees in comparison with a germanium (111) crystal. Sufficient energy resolution for extended x-ray absorption fine structure experiments can be achieved by a grating at short wavelengths. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Adv Photon Res Ctr, Kyoto 6190215, Japan. RP Heimann, PA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM paheimann@lbl.gov NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 76 IS 6 AR 063102 DI 10.1063/1.1921407 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 937YG UT WOS:000229962000031 ER PT J AU Lokshin, KA Zhao, YS AF Lokshin, KA Zhao, YS TI Advanced setup for high-pressure and low-temperature neutron diffraction at hydrostatic conditions SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID 10 GPA; POWDER DIFFRACTION; DEUTERATED ICE; CELL; SCATTERING; HYDRATE; ANVILS; CO2 AB We describe a design of the experimental setup for neutron diffraction studies at low temperatures and hydrostatic pressure. The significant benefit of the setup, compared to the previous methods, is that it makes possible the simultaneous collection of neutrons diffracted at the 30 degrees-150 degrees range with no contamination by the primary scattering from the sample surroundings and without cutting out the incident and diffracted beams. The suggested design is most useful for third-generation time-of-flight diffractometers and constant wavelength instruments. Application of the setup expands the capabilities of high-pressure neutron diffraction, allowing time-resolved kinetics and structural studies, multihistogram Rietveld, and pair distribution function and texture analyses. The high efficiency of the setup was proven for the HIPPO diffractometer at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center under pressures up to 10 kbar and temperatures from 4 to 300 K. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 12, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Lokshin, KA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 12, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM lokshin@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 76 IS 6 AR 063909 DI 10.1063/1.1928448 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 937YG UT WOS:000229962000075 ER PT J AU Miller, LM Smith, RJ Ruppel, ME Ott, CH Lanzirotti, A AF Miller, LM Smith, RJ Ruppel, ME Ott, CH Lanzirotti, A TI Development and applications of an epifluorescence module for synchrotron x-ray fluorescence microprobe imaging SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB Synchrotron x-ray fluorescence (XRF) microprobe is a valuable analysis tool for imaging trace element composition in situ at a resolution of a few microns. Frequently, epifluorescence microscopy is beneficial for identifying the region of interest. To date, combining epifluorescence microscopy with x-ray microprobe has involved analyses with two different microscopes. We report the development of an epifluorescence module that is integrated into a synchrotron XRF microprobe beamline, such that visible fluorescence from a sample can be viewed while collecting x-ray microprobe images simultaneously. This unique combination has been used to identify metal accumulation in Alzheimer's disease plaques and the mineral distribution in geological samples. The flexibility of this accessory permits its use on almost any synchrotron x-ray fluorescence microprobe beamline and applications in many fields of science can benefit from this technology. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Miller, LM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Bldg 725D, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM lmiller@bnl.gov NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 76 IS 6 AR 066107 DI 10.1063/1.1928454 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 937YG UT WOS:000229962000110 ER PT J AU Wabuyele, MB Yan, F Griffin, GD Vo-Dinh, T AF Wabuyele, MB Yan, F Griffin, GD Vo-Dinh, T TI Hyperspectral surface-enhanced Raman imaging of labeled silver nanoparticles in single cells SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTOOPTIC TUNABLE FILTER; SCATTERING SERS; SPECTROSCOPY; MICROSCOPY; IDENTIFICATION; SPECTROMETRY; PROTEINS; TISSUE AB We describe the development of an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF)-based hyperspectral surface-enhanced Raman imaging (HSERI) system equipped with an intensified charged coupled device and an avalanche photodiode. The AOTF device is a miniature rapid-scanning solid-state device that has no moving parts and can be rapidly tuned (microseconds) either sequentially or randomly, over a wide spectral range between 600 and 900 nm [corresponding to a large relative wave number range (similar to 0-4500 cm(-1))], with respect to a 632.8 nm excitation and can also acquire images at a fairly narrow band of similar to 7 cm(-1). In this article we describe a confocal surface-enhanced Raman imaging (SERI) system developed in our laboratory that combines hyperspectral imaging capabilities with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) to identify cellular components with high spatial and temporal resolution. The HSERI system's application to cellular imaging is demonstrated using SERS-labeled nanoparticles in cellular systems. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Biomed Photon, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Biomed Photon, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM vodinht@ornl.gov RI Yan, Fei/P-1330-2014 OI Yan, Fei/0000-0001-5983-143X NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 76 IS 6 AR 063710 DI 10.1063/1.1938667 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 937YG UT WOS:000229962000065 ER PT J AU Cantin, GMD David, SA Thomas, WM Lara-Curzio, E Babu, SS AF Cantin, GMD David, SA Thomas, WM Lara-Curzio, E Babu, SS TI Friction Skew-stir welding of lap joints in 5083-0 aluminium SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Article DE aluminium; friction stir welding; Skew-stir; microstructure; tensile properties; fatigue properties; hardness ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ALUMINUM-ALLOY; MATERIAL FLOW; MICROSTRUCTURE AB A variant of the friction stir welding technique developed at TWI, called Skew-stir (tradename) was applied to the welding of lap joints in Al alloy AA5083 - 0. This technique differs from the conventional method in that the axis of the tool is given a slight inclination, or skew, to that of the machine spindle. It is particularly advantageous in instances where a wide weld region is required, such as lap joints in which the interface is perpendicular to the machine axis. The microstructures and mechanical properties of welds made using both a conventional pin type probe and the rotary Skew-stir technique with an A-Skew ( tradename) probe were studied. The joints made using the Skew-stir technique sustained significantly higher tensile loads and had longer fatigue lives compared with those made using the conventional pin type probe. C1 CSIRO Mfg & Infrastruct Technol, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. TWI Ltd, Cambridge CB1 6AL, England. RP Cantin, GMD (reprint author), CSIRO Mfg & Infrastruct Technol, POB 4, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia. EM Delphine.Cantin@csiro.au RI Babu, Sudarsanam/D-1694-2010 OI Babu, Sudarsanam/0000-0002-3531-2579 NR 22 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 10 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 10 IS 3 BP 268 EP 280 DI 10.1179/174329305X39301 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 999KF UT WOS:000234387500002 ER PT J AU Passell, HD Dahm, CN Bedrick, EJ AF Passell, HD Dahm, CN Bedrick, EJ TI Nutrient and organic carbon trends and patterns in the upper Rio Grande, 1975-1999 SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE water quality; nutrients; nitrogen; phosphorus; Albuquerque Basin; New Mexico; long-term trends ID SURFACE WATERS; UNITED-STATES; RIVER BASIN; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; QUALITY; STREAMS; STRATEGIES; ECOSYSTEMS AB Nutrient patterns and trends were analyzed using USGS water quality data collected from 1975 to 1999 along the uppermost 600 km of the Rio Grande in Colorado and New Mexico. Data on discharge, pH, organic carbon (total), N-NH4++organic N (total), NH4+ (dissolved), N-NO2-+N-NO3- (dissolved), phosphorus (total), and P-orthophosphate (dissolved) came from six USGS stations-Lobatos, Taos Junction, Otowi, San Felipe, Isleta and Bernardo-ranging from the Colorado-New Mexico border to about 80 km below Albuquerque, NM. Kendall's S and Seasonal Kendall's S' were used to measure trend, and ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison test were used to analyze spatial differences between stations. Temporal trend analyses show widespread decreases in N and P concentrations at most stations, likely due to improvements in sewage treatment and dilution from increasing discharge. N-NO2-+N-NO3- (dissolved) and total nitrate load increases at Isleta and Bernardo, likely due to improved nitrification in sewage treatment and to increasing human population. Spatial analyses show large increases for most parameters at Isleta. All parameters show decreases again at Bernardo, about 50 kin downstream from Isleta, except for N-NO2-+N-NO3- (dissolved), which continues to increase. Urbanization in the Albuquerque area significantly impacts downstream river nutrient levels. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Math & Stat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Passell, HD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0735, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM hdpasse@sandia.gov NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 345 IS 1-3 BP 239 EP 260 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.11.010 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 942BO UT WOS:000230258100022 PM 15919543 ER PT J AU Weil, KS Rice, JP AF Weil, KS Rice, JP TI Substrate effects on the high-temperature oxidation behavior of a gold-based braze filler metal SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE brazing; oxidation ID NIO AB Oxidation testing was conducted on a commercial gold-based braze alloy, Gold ABA (R), and on zirconia/stainless steel couples joined using this filler metal. Preliminary results reveal that both substrates play a significant role in determining the overall oxidation behavior of the brazed joint. (c) 2005 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Weil, KS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM scott.weil@pnl.gov NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 52 IS 11 BP 1081 EP 1085 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2005.02.010 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 913XZ UT WOS:000228190200002 ER PT J AU Li, SY Beyerlein, IJ Alexander, DJ Vogel, SC AF Li, SY Beyerlein, IJ Alexander, DJ Vogel, SC TI Texture evolution during equal channel angular extrusion: Effect of initial texture from experiment and simulation SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE severe plastic deformation; texture; microstructure; strain path change; stacking fault energy ID SIMPLE SHEAR; DEFORMATION; FLOW AB Texture evolution in equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) via route B-C is investigated for pure copper and aluminum that have different initial textures. The agreement between simulated and measured textures confirms that the ECAE texture differences in the two materials are primarily attributed to their different initial textures, rather than other differences such as stacking fault energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Li, SY (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM saiyi@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Li, Saiyi/J-3968-2012; Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011; OI Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361 NR 23 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 52 IS 11 BP 1099 EP 1104 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2005.02.008 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 913XZ UT WOS:000228190200005 ER PT J AU Pint, BA Schneibel, JH AF Pint, BA Schneibel, JH TI The effect of carbon and reactive element dopants on oxidation lifetime of FeAl SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE iron aluminides; cast; oxidation; interstitials; reactive element additions ID ALUMINA-FORMING ALLOYS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; AL ALLOYS; PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR; SEGREGATION; ALPHA-AL2O3; DIFFUSION; ADHERENCE; FRACTURE AB Wrought Fe-40 at.%Al has an unexpectedly short time to breakaway oxidation at 1200 C compared to Fe3Al. Optimizing the reactive element to C ratio by either removing the C addition or by replacing Zr with Hf, increased the oxidation lifetime by a factor of two or six, respectively. (c) 2005 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pint, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pintba@ornl.gov RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 26 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 52 IS 12 BP 1199 EP 1204 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2005.03.008 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 920TL UT WOS:000228712900003 ER PT J AU Pathak, S Simmons, BA Chhabra, SR McElhanon, JR Dentinger, PM AF Pathak, S Simmons, BA Chhabra, SR McElhanon, JR Dentinger, PM TI Surface Patterning of gram positive and gram negative bacterial cells using a small hydrophobic molecule SO SENSOR LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cell-patterning; photolithography; surface chemistry; cell-viability; biomaterials ID DETERMINANTS; MONOLAYERS; ADHESION; PROTEIN AB A facile novel approach for patterning Escherichia coli (a gram negative bacterium) and Bacillus subtilis (a gram positive bacterium) using a patterned template of Glycidyl 4-nonylphenyl ether (GNPE) is reported. Highly specific cell patterns with high cell-viability rates (over 85%) were obtained in each case. Cell coverage density was found to be proportional to GNPE concentration over identical surface areas. The versatility of the approach to immobilize both gram positive and gram negative bacterial cells using the same hydrophobic molecule highlights its potential in numerous cell array applications. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dentinger, PM (reprint author), Avery Res Ctr, 2900 Bradley St, Pasadena, CA 91107 USA. EM srikant_pathak@averydennison.com; pmdenti@sandia.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1546-198X J9 SENS LETT JI Sens. Lett. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 3 IS 2 BP 157 EP 160 DI 10.1166/sl.2005.016 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 004QE UT WOS:000234766500009 ER PT J AU Xu, W Ericson, MN Cote, GL Baba, J Britton, CL Wilson, MA AF Xu, W Ericson, MN Cote, GL Baba, J Britton, CL Wilson, MA TI An implantable micro-sensor for real-time tissue perfusion monitoring. SO SHOCK LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual Conference on Shock CY JUN 04-07, 2005 CL Marco Isl, FL C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. VA Pittsburgh Healthcare Syst, Pittsburgh, PA 15240 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15240 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PD JUN PY 2005 VL 23 SU 3 BP 89 EP 89 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 928DU UT WOS:000229252100254 ER PT J AU Brezina, M Falgout, R MacLachlan, S Manteuffel, T McCormick, S Ruge, J AF Brezina, M Falgout, R MacLachlan, S Manteuffel, T McCormick, S Ruge, J TI Adaptive smoothed aggregation (alpha SA) multigrid SO SIAM REVIEW LA English DT Article DE algebraic multigrid (AMG); generalized smoothed aggregation (SA); adaptive method; black-box method ID CONVERGENCE; ELASTICITY; SOLVER AB Substantial effort has been focused over the last two decades on developing multilevel iterative methods capable of solving the large linear systems encountered in engineering practice. These systems often arise from discretizing partial differential equations over unstructured meshes; and the particular parameters or geometry of the physical problem being discretized may be unavailable to the solver. Algebraic multigrid (AMG) and multilevel domain decomposition methods of algebraic type have been of particular interest in this context because of their promises of optimal performance without the need for explicit knowledge of the problem geometry. These methods construct a hierarchy of coarse problems based on the linear system itself and on certain assumptions about the smooth components of the error. For smoothed aggregation (SA) multigrid methods applied to discretizations of elliptic problems; these assumptions typically consist of knowledge of the near-kernel or near-nullspace of the weak form. This paper introduces an extension of the SA method in which good convergence properties are achieved in situations where explicit knowledge of the near-kernel components is unavailable. This extension is accomplished in an adaptive process that uses the method itself to determine near-kernel components and adjusts the coarsening processes accordingly. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Computat, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Brezina, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Campus Box 526, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM mbrezina@math.cudenver.edu; rfalgout@llnl.gov; scott.maclachlan@colorado.edu; tmanteuf@boulder.colorado.edu; stevem@boulder.colorado.edu; jruge@boulder.colorado.edu NR 24 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1445 J9 SIAM REV JI SIAM Rev. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 47 IS 2 BP 317 EP 346 DI 10.1137/050626272 PG 30 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 928UR UT WOS:000229297700005 ER PT J AU Sims, B AF Sims, B TI Safe science: Material and social order in laboratory work SO SOCIAL STUDIES OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE laboratory; norms; risk; ritual; safety ID SURGERY; KNOWLEDGE; CULTURE; TECHNICIANS; HAZARDS AB Scientific laboratories can sometimes be dangerous places to work, and safety concerns can have a significant impact on the scientific research process. Because safety practices specify both behavioral norms and technical standards, they provide an opportunity to better understand the relationships between the organizational and epistemic aspects of scientific culture. This paper presents a case study of a 'pulsed-power' facility at the US Los Alamos National Laboratory, where electrical hazards are a major concern. Drawing on work by Mary Douglas and others, I show how safety in the pulsed-power laboratory can be understood in terms of concepts of order and pollution. In particular, I argue that the laboratory is a cultural setting that generates both material and social order in science. The concept of 'traceability' - the ideal of being able to trace visual and logical connections between system components - is the central metaphor for material order in this setting. This metaphor is enacted in the design of pulsed-power systems and through various safety procedures that function as rituals. These rituals, and the concept of traceability itself, also contribute to social order by helping to shape norms of conduct in the laboratory, which in turn structure relationships between the laboratory work group and the larger institution. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sims, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, MS F600, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bsims@lanl.gov NR 61 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0306-3127 J9 SOC STUD SCI JI Soc. Stud. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 35 IS 3 BP 333 EP 366 DI 10.1177/0306312705052362 PG 34 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 926WW UT WOS:000229155400001 ER PT J AU Petkov, V Parvanov, V Tomalia, D Swanson, D Bergstrom, D Vogt, T AF Petkov, V Parvanov, V Tomalia, D Swanson, D Bergstrom, D Vogt, T TI 3D structure of dendritic and hyper-branched macromolecules by X-ray diffraction SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE nanostructured materials; X-ray diffraction ID POLY(AMIDOAMINE) DENDRIMERS; POLYMERS; ELECTRON; SHAPE; SIZE AB The atomic ordering in dendritic and hyper-branched macromolecules has been determined by X-ray diffraction. The approach of the atomic pair distribution function technique has been used due to the lack of 31) periodicity in these polymeric materials. Dendrimers are found to possess a semi-regular structure riddled with nanosize cavities. The cavities are joined into channels connecting dendrimer's surface and core. In contrast, hyper-branched polymers are rather irregular at the atomic scale and with less accessible interior. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48858 USA. Dendrit NanoTechnol, Mt Pleasant, MI 48858 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Petkov, V (reprint author), Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48858 USA. EM petkov@phy.cmich.edu RI Vogt, Thomas /A-1562-2011 OI Vogt, Thomas /0000-0002-4731-2787 NR 24 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 134 IS 10 BP 671 EP 675 DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2005.03.012 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 933WW UT WOS:000229664600005 ER PT J AU Amoureux, JP Trebosc, J Wiench, JW Massiot, D Pruski, M AF Amoureux, JP Trebosc, J Wiench, JW Massiot, D Pruski, M TI Measurement of J-couplings between spin-(1)-(2) and quadrupolar nuclei by frequency selective solid-state NMR SO SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE solid-state NMR of quadrupolar nuclei; J-coupling; FS-J-RES; aluminophosphates; VP15 ID THROUGH-BOND CONNECTIVITIES; QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENT; INEPT EXPERIMENTS; SCALAR COUPLINGS; HYDROGEN-BOND; MAS-NMR; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA; HOMONUCLEAR; STRENGTHS AB We report a REDOR-based scheme for the measurement of heteronuclear J-couplings in solid samples with well defined structure, containing spin 1/2 and quadrupolar nuclei, which can be used with selective RF irradiation to target a specific spin pair, and which provides direct information about the number of coupled spins. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Lille 1, CNRS 8012, LCPS, F-59652 Villeneuve Dascq, France. CNRS, CRMHT, F-45071 Orleans, France. RP Pruski, M (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, 230 Spedding Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mpruski@iastate.edu RI Massiot, Dominique/C-1287-2008 OI Massiot, Dominique/0000-0003-1207-7040 NR 32 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0926-2040 J9 SOLID STATE NUCL MAG JI Solid State Nucl. Magn. Reson. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 27 IS 4 BP 228 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2004.12.001 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 916FE UT WOS:000228370000004 PM 15799880 ER PT J AU Balogh, A Schwartz, SJ Bale, SD Balikhin, MA Burgess, D Horbury, TS Krasnoselskikh, VV Kucharek, H Lembege, B Lucek, EA Mobius, E Scholer, M Thomsen, MF Walker, SN AF Balogh, A Schwartz, SJ Bale, SD Balikhin, MA Burgess, D Horbury, TS Krasnoselskikh, VV Kucharek, H Lembege, B Lucek, EA Mobius, E Scholer, M Thomsen, MF Walker, SN TI Cluster at the bow shock: Introduction SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID ORIENTATION; SHAPE C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London, England. Univ London, Queen Mary, Aston Univ, London, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Sheffield, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. CNRS, LPCE, F-45071 Orleans, France. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. IPSL, CETP, Velizy Villacoublay, France. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-37075 Garching, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Prince Consort Rd, London, England. RI Bale, Stuart/E-7533-2011; OI Bale, Stuart/0000-0002-1989-3596; Moebius, Eberhard/0000-0002-2745-6978 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 118 IS 1-4 BP 155 EP 160 DI 10.1007/s11214-005-3826-1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 968LM UT WOS:000232164000004 ER PT J AU Bale, SD Balikhin, MA Horbury, TS Krasnoselskikh, VV Kucharek, H Mobius, E Walker, SN Balogh, A Burgess, D Lembege, B Lucek, EA Scholer, M Schwartz, SJ Thomsen, MF AF Bale, SD Balikhin, MA Horbury, TS Krasnoselskikh, VV Kucharek, H Mobius, E Walker, SN Balogh, A Burgess, D Lembege, B Lucek, EA Scholer, M Schwartz, SJ Thomsen, MF TI Quasi-perpendicular shock structure and processes SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID EARTHS BOW SHOCK; FIELD-ALIGNED BEAMS; BACKSTREAMING ION-BEAMS; COLLISIONLESS SHOCK; ELECTRIC-FIELD; SOLAR-WIND; DRIFT ACCELERATION; ALPHA-PARTICLES; REFLECTED IONS; GYRATING IONS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Sheffield, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London, England. CNRS, LPCE, F-45071 Orleans, France. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ London, Queen Mary, Astron Unit, London, England. IPSL, CETP, Velizy Villacoublay, France. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-37075 Garching, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Bale, Stuart/E-7533-2011; OI Bale, Stuart/0000-0002-1989-3596; Moebius, Eberhard/0000-0002-2745-6978 NR 99 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 118 IS 1-4 BP 161 EP 203 DI 10.1007/s11214-005-3827-0 PG 43 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 968LM UT WOS:000232164000005 ER PT J AU Burgess, D Lucek, EA Scholer, M Bale, SD Balikhin, MA Balogh, A Horbury, TS Krasnoselskikh, VV Kucharek, H Lembege, B Mobius, E Schwartz, SJ Thomsen, MF Walker, SN AF Burgess, D Lucek, EA Scholer, M Bale, SD Balikhin, MA Balogh, A Horbury, TS Krasnoselskikh, VV Kucharek, H Lembege, B Mobius, E Schwartz, SJ Thomsen, MF Walker, SN TI Quasi-parallel shock structure and processes SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID EARTHS BOW SHOCK; AMPLITUDE MAGNETIC-STRUCTURES; SPATIAL VARIATION; STRUCTURES SLAMS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; ULF WAVES; UPSTREAM; CLUSTER; SIMULATIONS; IONS C1 Univ London, Queen Mary, Astron Unit, London, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London, England. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-37075 Garching, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Sheffield, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. CNRS, LPCE, F-45071 Orleans, France. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. IPSL, CETP, Velizy Villacoublay, France. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Univ London, Queen Mary, Astron Unit, London, England. RI Bale, Stuart/E-7533-2011; OI Bale, Stuart/0000-0002-1989-3596; Moebius, Eberhard/0000-0002-2745-6978 NR 34 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 118 IS 1-4 BP 205 EP 222 DI 10.1007/s11214-005-3832-3 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 968LM UT WOS:000232164000006 ER PT J AU Scholer, M Thomsen, MF Burgess, D Bale, SD Balikhin, MA Balogh, A Horbury, TS Krasnoselskikh, VV Kucharek, H Lucek, EA Lembege, B Mobius, E Schwartz, SJ Walker, SN AF Scholer, M Thomsen, MF Burgess, D Bale, SD Balikhin, MA Balogh, A Horbury, TS Krasnoselskikh, VV Kucharek, H Lucek, EA Lembege, B Mobius, E Schwartz, SJ Walker, SN TI Cluster at the bow shock: Status and outlook SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review C1 Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-37075 Garching, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ London, Queen Mary, Astron Unit, London, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Sheffield, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London, England. CNRS, LPCE, F-45071 Orleans, France. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. IPSL, CETP, Velizy Villacoublay, France. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London, England. RP Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-37075 Garching, Germany. RI Bale, Stuart/E-7533-2011; OI Bale, Stuart/0000-0002-1989-3596; Moebius, Eberhard/0000-0002-2745-6978 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 118 IS 1-4 BP 223 EP 227 DI 10.1007/s11214-005-3833-2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 968LM UT WOS:000232164000007 ER PT J AU Cargill, PJ Lavraud, B Owen, CJ Grison, B Dunlop, MW Cornilleau-Wehrlin, N Escoubet, CP Paschmann, G Phan, TD Rezeau, L Bogdanova, Y Nykyri, K AF Cargill, PJ Lavraud, B Owen, CJ Grison, B Dunlop, MW Cornilleau-Wehrlin, N Escoubet, CP Paschmann, G Phan, TD Rezeau, L Bogdanova, Y Nykyri, K TI Cluster at the magnetospheric cusps SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; HIGH-ALTITUDE CUSP; LOW-LATITUDE RECONNECTION; POLAR CUSP; BOUNDARY-LAYER; NORTHWARD IMF; SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETOSHEATH PLASMA; DAYSIDE MAGNETOPAUSE; SPACECRAFT OBSERVATIONS C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Surrey, England. IPSL, CETP, Velizy Villacoublay, France. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Div Space Sci, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. European Space Agcy, Estec, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. Int Space Sci Inst, Bern, Switzerland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Prince Consort Rd, London, England. RI Owen, Christopher/C-2999-2008; Grison, Benjamin/G-9440-2014; OI Owen, Christopher/0000-0002-5982-4667; Grison, Benjamin/0000-0002-3440-6856; Nykyri, Katariina/0000-0002-6905-9487 NR 97 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 118 IS 1-4 BP 321 EP 366 DI 10.1007/s11214-005-3835-0 PG 46 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 968LM UT WOS:000232164000009 ER PT J AU Brojeny, AAB Clem, JR AF Brojeny, AAB Clem, JR TI Self-field effects upon the critical current density of flat superconducting strips SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISK-SHAPED SUPERCONDUCTORS; SUPERHEATED MEISSNER STATE; ALTERNATING-CURRENT LOSSES; II SUPERCONDUCTORS; MAGNETIC HYSTERESIS; SURFACE BARRIERS; GEOMETRIC BARRIER; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ARBITRARY SHAPE; AC LOSSES AB We develop a general theory to account self-consistently for self-field effects upon the average transport critical current density J(c) of a flat type-II superconducting strip in the mixed state when the bulk pinning is characterized by a field-dependent depinning critical current density J(p)(B), where B is the local magnetic flux density. We first consider the possibility of both bulk and edge-pinning contributions but conclude that bulk pinning dominates over geometrical edge-barrier effects in state-of-the-art YBCO films and prototype second-generation coated conductors. We apply our theory using the Kim model, J(pK) (B) = J(pK)(0)/(1 + vertical bar B vertical bar /B-0), as an example. We calculate J(c)(B-a) as a function of a perpendicular applied magnetic induction B-a and show how J(c)(B-a) is related to J(pK)(B). We find that J(c)(B-a) is very nearly equal to J(pK)(B-a) when B-a >= B*(a), where B-a(*) is the value of B-a that makes the net flux density zero at the strip's edge. However, Jc(Ba) is suppressed relative to J(pK)(B-a) at low fields when B-a < B-a(*), with the largest suppression occurring when B-a(*)/B-0 is of order unity or larger. C1 Isfahan Univ Technol, Dept Phys, Esfahan 84154, Iran. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Clem, JR (reprint author), Isfahan Univ Technol, Dept Phys, Esfahan 84154, Iran. EM clem@ameslab.gov NR 45 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 18 IS 6 BP 888 EP 895 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/18/6/016 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 944ID UT WOS:000230419800019 ER PT J AU Seong, MJ Francoeur, S Yoon, S Mascarenhas, A Tixier, S Adamcyk, M Tiedje, T AF Seong, MJ Francoeur, S Yoon, S Mascarenhas, A Tixier, S Adamcyk, M Tiedje, T TI Bi-induced vibrational modes in GaAsBi SO SUPERLATTICES AND MICROSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE isoelectronic impurity; GaAsBi; Raman scattering; phonon ID GAAS1-XBIX; NITROGEN; RAMAN; EPITAXY AB We have studied GaAs1-xBix (up to x &SIM; 3%) using Raman scattering with two different polarization configurations. Two Bi-induced phonon modes are observed at &SIM; 186 cm(-1) and &SIM; 214 cm(-1) with increasing Raman intensity as the Bi concentration increases. By comparing Raman selection rules for the observed Bi-induced phonon modes with those for the substitutional N vibrational mode (GaN mode) in GaAsN, the phonon mode at &SIM; 214 cm(-1) is identified as originating from substitutional Bi at the As site in GaAsBi. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Chung Ang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 156756, South Korea. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, AMPEL, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Ewha Womans Univ, Div Nanosci, Seoul 120750, South Korea. Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 120750, South Korea. RP Seong, MJ (reprint author), Chung Ang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 156756, South Korea. EM mseong@cau.ac.kr RI Francoeur, Sebastien/E-6614-2011 OI Francoeur, Sebastien/0000-0002-6129-7026 NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0749-6036 J9 SUPERLATTICE MICROST JI Superlattices Microstruct. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 37 IS 6 BP 394 EP 400 DI 10.1016/j.spmi.2005.02.004 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 931VA UT WOS:000229512400005 ER PT J AU Farrell, HH Denison, AB AF Farrell, HH Denison, AB TI Semi-empirical inelastic mean free paths for positrons SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE inelastic mean free path; positron ID 50-2000-EV RANGE; ELECTRONS; ENERGIES; SOLIDS; MATTER; IMFPS AB Previously, we developed a semi-empirical method for determining the inelastic mean free paths of positrons in a wide variety of materials. This work is heavily based on the earlier work of Tanuma, Powell and Penn on the inelastic mean free paths of electrons in the 50-2000 eV energy range. One of the remaining questions still to be answered was the validity of ignoring terms of the order of the inverse energy squared in the denominator of our final expression. In this paper, we investigate this question in some detail by comparing our approximations with calculated values of the positron inelastic mean free paths based on experimental optical data. We conclude that the exclusion of the higher order terms is consistent with the other approximations in this methodology. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Farrell, HH (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM farrhh@inel.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 37 IS 6 BP 529 EP 533 DI 10.1002/sia.2035 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 936GD UT WOS:000229842600001 ER PT J AU Saraf, L Baer, DR Wang, ZM Young, J Engelhard, MH Thevuthasan, S AF Saraf, L Baer, DR Wang, ZM Young, J Engelhard, MH Thevuthasan, S TI Hydrogen bubbles and formation of nanoporous silicon during electrochemical etching SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE nanoporous Si; hydrogen bubbles; H-2/BOE/Si triple interface ID POROUS SILICON; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; MACROPORE FORMATION; SURFACE-MORPHOLOGY; HF TREATMENT; TERMINATION; SI(111); PHYSICS; WAFERS; SENSOR AB Many nanoporous Si structures, including those formed by common electrochemical etching procedures, produce a uniformly etched nanoporous surface. If the electrochemical etch rate is slowed down, details of the etch process can be explored and process parameters may be varied to test hypotheses and obtain controlled nanoporous and defect structures. For example, after electrochemical etching of heavily n-doped (R = 0.05-0.5 Omega.cm) silicon (100 single crystals at a current density of 10 mA cm(-2) in buffer oxide etch (BOE) electrolyte solution, defect craters containing textured nanopores were observed to occur in ring-shaped patterns. The defect craters apparently originate at the hydrogen/BOE bubble interface, which forms during hydrogen evolution in the reaction. The slower hydrogen evolution due to low current density and high BOE viscosity allows sufficient bubble residence time so that a high defect density appears at the bubble edges where local reaction rates are highest. Current-carrying Si-OH species are most likely responsible for the widening of the craters. Reducing the defect/doping density in silicon lowers the defect concentration and thereby the density of nanopores. Measurements of photoluminescence lifetime and intensity show a distinct feature when the few nanopores formed at the ring edges are isolated from each other. Overall features observed in the photoluminescence intensity by XPS strongly emphasize the role of surface oxide that influences these properties. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Saraf, L (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM laxmikant.saraf@pnl.gov RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Wang, Zheming/E-8244-2010; Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013; OI Wang, Zheming/0000-0002-1986-4357; Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 37 IS 6 BP 555 EP 561 DI 10.1002/sia.2048 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 936GD UT WOS:000229842600004 ER PT J AU Noakes, TCQ Bailey, P McConville, CF Parkinson, CR Draxler, M Smerdon, J Ledieu, J McGrath, R Ross, AR Lograsso, TA AF Noakes, TCQ Bailey, P McConville, CF Parkinson, CR Draxler, M Smerdon, J Ledieu, J McGrath, R Ross, AR Lograsso, TA TI Compositional and structural changes in i-AlPdMn quasicrystals induced by sputtering and annealing: A medium energy ion scattering study SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ion-solid interactions; scattering; channelling; medium energy ion scattering (MEIS); surface segregation; surface structure; morphology; roughness; and topography; aluminium; manganese; palladium; alloys ID AL-PD-MN; SURFACE; TEMPERATURE; DIFFRACTION; AL70PD21MN9; TEMPLATES; EPILAYERS AB The five-fold surface of an Al70Pd21Mn9 quasicrystal has been studied under a variety of surface preparation conditions using medium energy ion scattering. Argon ion sputtering of the surface was seen to give rise to Mn depletion and the formation of a thick five-domain AlPd(110) layer with 100 azimuths oriented close to, out not exactly on the five-fold symmetric directions of the substrate. Annealing to just 450 degrees C was sufficient to restore the Mn content and the icosahedral structure in the surface and near-surface region. Annealing to increasingly higher temperatures was seen to cause Mn enrichment in the surface region above the ideal composition for icosahedral structure and this was accompanied by increased amounts of disorder in the sample. For the highest temperature anneals the surface showed low apparent roughness and exhibited blocking patterns consistent with a contraction of the outermost layer of atoms in line with previous studies of this material. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CCLRC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Liverpool, Surface Sci Res Ctr, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Noakes, TCQ (reprint author), CCLRC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. EM t.c.q.noakes@dl.ac.uk RI McGrath, Ronan/A-1568-2009; Ledieu, Julian/F-1430-2010 OI McGrath, Ronan/0000-0002-9880-5741; NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 583 IS 2-3 BP 139 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2005.03.049 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 933WU UT WOS:000229664400004 ER PT J AU Gatesy, J Baker, RH AF Gatesy, J Baker, RH TI Hidden likelihood support in genomic data: Can forty-five wrongs make a right? SO SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; COMBINING DATA; DATA SETS; EVOLUTIONARY TREES; SEQUENCES; GENE; LIMITS; CORROBORATION; SUBSTITUTION AB Combined analysis of multiple phylogenetic data sets can reveal emergent character support that is not evident in separate analyses of individual data sets. Previous parsimony analyses have shown that this hidden support often accounts for a large percentage of the overall phylogenetic signal in cladistic studies. Here, reanalysis of a large comparative genomic data set for yeast ( genus Saccharomyces) demonstrates that hidden support can be an important factor in maximum likelihood analyses of multiple data sets as well. Emergent signal in a concatenation of 106 genes was responsible for up to 64% of the likelihood support at a particular node ( the difference in log likelihood scores between optimal topologies that included and excluded a supported clade). A grouping of four yeast species ( S. cerevisiae, S. paradoxus, S. mikatae, and S. kudriavzevii) was robustly supported by combined analysis of all 106 genes, but separate analyses of individual genes suggested numerous conflicts. Forty-eight genes strictly contradicted S. cerevisiae + S. paradoxus + S. mikatae + S. kudriavzevii in separate analyses, but combined likelihood analyses that included up to 45 of the "wrong" data sets supported this group. Extensive hidden support also emerged in a combined likelihood analysis of 41 genes that each recovered the exact same topology in separate analyses of the individual genes. These results show that isolated analyses of individual data sets can mask congruence and distort interpretations of clade stability, even in strictly model-based phylogenetic methods. Consensus and supertree procedures that ignore hidden phylogenetic signals are, at best, incomplete. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Evolut Genom Dept, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Gatesy, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM john.gatesy@ucr.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1F32GM67463-01] NR 61 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1063-5157 EI 1076-836X J9 SYST BIOL JI Syst. Biol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 54 IS 3 BP 483 EP 492 DI 10.1080/10635150590945368 PG 10 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 942SL UT WOS:000230302500011 PM 16012113 ER PT J AU Craft, RL AF Craft, RL TI Toward technical interoperability in telemedicine SO TELEMEDICINE JOURNAL AND E-HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Future Direction for Telemedicine CY MAY 20-22, 2004 CL Ann Arbor, MI SP Univ Michigan Hlth Syst, Telemed Resource Ctr, Natl Lib Med, Agcy Hlth Care Res & Qual, Off Advancement Telehealth, USA Med Res & Mat Command, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Internet2, Altarum, Cybernet Med Corp, AMD Telemed AB For telemedicine to realize the vision of anywhere, anytime access to care, the question of how to create a fully interoperable technical infrastructure must be addressed. After briefly discussing how "technical interoperability" compares with other types of interoperability being addressed in the telemedicine community today, this paper describes reasons for pursuing technical interoperability, presents a proposed framework for realizing technical interoperability, identifies key issues that will need to be addressed if technical interoperability is to be achieved, and suggests a course of action that the telemedicine community might follow to accomplish this goal. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Craft, RL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rlcraft@sandia.gov NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-5627 J9 TELEMED J E-HEALTH JI Telemed. J. e-Health PD JUN PY 2005 VL 11 IS 3 BP 384 EP 404 DI 10.1089/tmj.2005.11.384 PG 21 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 951ZA UT WOS:000230969700024 PM 16035933 ER PT J AU Caprarelli, G Reidel, SP AF Caprarelli, G Reidel, SP TI A clinopyroxene-basalt geothermobarometry perspective of Columbia Plateau (NW-USA) Miocene magmatism SO TERRA NOVA LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; RIVER BASALT; LIQUID EQUILIBRIA; FLOOD BASALTS; GENESIS; MANTLE; EVOLUTION; LITHOSPHERE; CONSTRAINTS; EXTENSION AB The origin of NW-USA Columbia River Basalt Group Miocene magmatism and its relation to tectonism has been widely debated and is still open to study. We investigated the pre-eruptive evolution of the magmas, to constrain pressures and temperatures of the ascending magmas, and plumbing conditions. We determined major element concentrations of 17-6 Ma tholeiites, and applied clinopyroxene - liquid geothermobarometry to calculate pre-eruptive pressures and temperatures. These ranged from 0 to 0.66 GPa and 1120 to 1222 degrees C, respectively, defining two age-related parallel trends in a P-T diagram. This indicates a consistent crustal evolution of the magmas, and records at least two distinct initial temperatures. Using clinopyroxene interdiffusion coefficients we estimated magma ascent speeds >= 0.6 km yr(-1). Possible geological explanations for the calculated parameters are: lower-crust magma chamber processes; magmatism and tectonism feed-back consistent with an extensional environment. C1 Univ Technol Sydney, Dept Environm Sci, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Caprarelli, G (reprint author), Univ Technol Sydney, Dept Environm Sci, POB 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia. EM Graziella.Caprarelli@uts.edu.au NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0954-4879 J9 TERRA NOVA JI Terr. Nova PD JUN PY 2005 VL 17 IS 3 BP 265 EP 277 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3121.2005.00611.x PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 930BG UT WOS:000229390200009 ER PT J AU Pudov, AO Sites, JR Contreras, MA Nakada, T Schock, HW AF Pudov, AO Sites, JR Contreras, MA Nakada, T Schock, HW TI CIGS J-V distortion in the absence of blue photons SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT EMRS Symposium on Thin Film Chalcogenide Photovoltaic Materials CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE DE CuInGaSe2; blue photons; CuInSe2 ID SOLAR-CELLS; HETEROJUNCTION AB Common buffer materials used with CulnGaSe(2) (CIGS) absorbers produce conduction-band barriers that may significantly distort the current-voltage (J-V) curves, especially when short-wavelength photons are excluded from the illumination spectrum. Earlier work documented this effect for CuInSe2 (CIS) absorbers (band gap near 1.0 eV) with CdS buffers. Higher band-gap (similar to 1.15 eV) CIGS absorbers show little or no distortion with CdS buffer layers. However, wider band gap (lower electron affinity) ZnS(O,OH) or InS(O,OH) buffers, prepared by chemical-bath deposition (CBD), clearly show the J-V distortion. The distortions have a turn-on time constant the order of a minute and turn-off time constant the order of a day, and they correlate with major variations in apparent quantum efficiency (QE) measured with varying intensity and spectral content of bias light. The results are consistent with a conduction-band spike barrier that increases with buffer band gap and is larger when the electron concentration in the buffer is small. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys Elect, D-7000 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Pudov, AO (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM apudov@lamar.colostate.edu NR 14 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 480 SI SI BP 273 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2004.11.099 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 927DW UT WOS:000229173600055 ER PT J AU Rega, N Siebentritt, S Albert, J Nishiwaki, S Zajogin, A Lux-Steiner, MC Kniese, R Romero, MJ AF Rega, N Siebentritt, S Albert, J Nishiwaki, S Zajogin, A Lux-Steiner, MC Kniese, R Romero, MJ TI Excitonic luminescence of Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT EMRS Symposium on Thin Film Chalcogenide Photovoltaic Materials CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE DE photoluminescence; Cu(In,Ga)Se-2; thin films ID SOLAR-CELLS; EFFICIENCY AB In the present work, we report the results of photoluminescence (PL) studies on Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 thin films with varying Ga contents. The samples are epitaxially grown on a GaAs substrate by means of metal-organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE) at slight Cu excess ([Cu]/[III] approximate to 1,1). The polycrystalline samples are prepared by coevaporation on glass. To determine the nature of the observed emissions, PL experiments are performed with varying excitation intensities and temperatures. For the first time, excitonic luminescence is observed in Cu(In,Ga)Se,. It is seen for [Ga]/([Ga]+[In]) ratios (GGI) <= 0.25 and >= 0.75 that exciton binding energies and band gaps are found to rise with increasing Ga content and to be in good accordance with the hydrogen model. Emissions at lower energies are shown to be due to a donor-acceptor pair (DAP) transition equivalent to the DA1 transition in CuInSe2 and CuGafe(2), as well as their phonon replicas. The defect depth was found to increase with increasing Ga content, as expected from the hydrogen model. The study is supplemented by cathodoluminescence (CL) investigations of epitaxial layers and by PL measurements of polycrystalline thin films. (c) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Hahn Meitner Inst HMI, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Zentrum Sonnenenergie & Wasserstoff Forsch ZSW, D-70565 Stuttgart, Germany. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zajogin, A (reprint author), Hahn Meitner Inst HMI, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. EM zajogin@hmi.de RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009 NR 12 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 480 SI SI BP 286 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2004.11.079 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 927DW UT WOS:000229173600058 ER PT J AU Ramanathan, K Teeter, G Keane, JC Noufi, R AF Ramanathan, K Teeter, G Keane, JC Noufi, R TI Properties of high-efficiency CuInGaSe2 thin film solar cells SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT EMRS Symposium on Thin Film Chalcogenide Photovoltaic Materials CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE DE efficiency; CulnGaSe(2); solar cells AB In this paper, we present recent results on the growth and characterization of CuInGeSe2 (CIGS) thin film solar cells by the three-stage process. A conversion efficiency of 19.3% and 18.4% has been achieved for solar cells made from absorbers with band gap values of 1.15 and 1.21 eV, respectively. High open circuit voltages and fill factors are obtained. We attempt to relate these improvements to material and device properties. The results suggest that it might be possible to produce a 20% efficient solar cell by further optimization of the current collection. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Natl Ctr Photovolta, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ramanathan, K (reprint author), Natl Ctr Photovolta, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM kannan_ramanathan@nrel.gov NR 6 TC 104 Z9 107 U1 3 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 480 SI SI BP 499 EP 502 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2004.11.050 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 927DW UT WOS:000229173600098 ER PT J AU Gold, LS Manley, NB Slone, TH Rohrbach, L Garfinkel, GB AF Gold, LS Manley, NB Slone, TH Rohrbach, L Garfinkel, GB TI Supplement to the Carcinogenic Potency Database (CPDB): Results of animal bioassays published in the general literature through 1997 and by the National Toxicology Program in 1997-1998 SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE carcinogenic potency; TD50; database; chronic animal cancer test ID MALE F344 RATS; CHRONIC INHALATION TOXICITY; SPONTANEOUS MAMMARY-TUMORS; FISCHER-344 RATS; URINARY-BLADDER; DRINKING-WATER; B6C3F1 MICE; CHRONOLOGICAL SUPPLEMENT; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION; METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE AB The Carcinogenic Potency Database (CPDB) is a systematic and unifying resource that standardizes the results of chronic, long-term animal cancer tests which have been conducted since the 1950s. The analyses include sufficient information on each experiment to permit research into many areas of carcinogenesis. Both qualitative and quantitative information is reported on positive and negative experiments that meet a set of inclusion criteria. A measure of carcinogenic potency, TD50 (daily dose rate in mg/kg body weight/day to induce tumors in half of test animals that would have remained tumor-free at zero dose), is estimated for each tissue-tumor combination reported. This article is the ninth publication of a chronological plot of the CPDB; it presents results on 560 experiments of 188 chemicals in mice, rats, and hamsters from 185 publications in the general literature updated through 1997, and from 15 Reports of the National Toxicology Program in 1997-1998. The test agents cover a wide variety of uses and chemical classes. The CPDB Web Site (http://potency.berkeley.edu/) presents the combined database of all published plots in a variety of formats as well as summary tables by chemical and by target organ, supplemental materials on dosing and survival, a detailed guide to using the plot formats, and documentation of methods and publications. The overall CPDB, including the results in this article, presents easily accessible results of 6153 experiments on 1485 chemicals from 1426 papers and 429 NCI/NTP (National Cancer Institute/National Toxicology program) Technical Reports. A tab-separated format of the full CPDB for reading the data into spreadsheets or database applications is available on the Web Site. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gold, LS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 229 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lois@potency.berkeley.edu NR 227 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 85 IS 2 BP 747 EP 808 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfi161 PG 62 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 928QN UT WOS:000229286900001 PM 15800034 ER PT J AU Teeguarden, JG Waechter, JM Clewell, HJ Covington, TR Barton, HA AF Teeguarden, JG Waechter, JM Clewell, HJ Covington, TR Barton, HA TI Evaluation of oral and intravenous route pharmacokinetics, plasma protein binding, and uterine tissue dose metrics of bisphenol A: A physiologically based pharmacokinetic approach SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE bisphenol A; PBPK model; endocrine; glucuronide; human; metabolism; pharmacokinetics; physiologically based pharmacokinetics; plasma protein binding; risk assessment ID ENDOCRINE-ACTIVE COMPOUNDS; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-BETA; HORMONE-BINDING; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; UTEROTROPHIC ASSAY; IMMATURE RAT; IN-VITRO; DISPOSITION; METABOLISM; CHEMICALS AB Bisphenol A (BPA) is a weakly estrogenic monomer used in the production of polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins, both of which are used in food contact and other applications. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of BPA pharmacokinetics in rats and humans was developed to provide a physiological context in which the processes controlling BPA pharmacokinetics (e.g., plasma protein binding, enterohepatic recirculation of the glucuronide [BPAG]) could be incorporated. A uterine tissue compartment was included to allow the correlation of simulated estrogen receptor (ER) binding of BPA with increases in uterine wet weight (UWW) in rats. Intravenous- and oral-route blood kinetics of BPA in rats and oral-route plasma and urinary elimination kinetics in humans were well described by the model. Simulations of rat oral-route BPAG pharmacokinetics were less exact, most likely the result of oversimplification of the GI tract compartment. Comparison of metabolic clearance rates derived from fitting rat i.v. and oral-route data implied that intestinal glucuronidation of BPA is significant. In rats, but not humans, terminal elimination rates were strongly influenced by enterohepatic recirculation. In the absence of BPA binding to plasma proteins, simulations showed high ER occupancy at doses without uterine effects. Restricting free BPA to the measured unbound amount demonstrated the importance of including plasma binding in BPA kinetic models: the modeled relationship between ER occupancy and UWW increases was consistent with expectations for a receptor-mediated response with low ER occupancy at doses with no response and increasing occupancy with larger increases in UWW. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Toxicol & Environm Res & Consulting, Midland, MI 48674 USA. ENVIRON Int, Ruston, LA 71270 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div,Pharmacokinet Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Teeguarden, JG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,P7-56, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM justin.teeguarden@pnl.gov OI Teeguarden, Justin/0000-0003-3817-4391 NR 58 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 5 U2 20 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 85 IS 2 BP 823 EP 838 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfi135 PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 928QN UT WOS:000229286900003 PM 15746009 ER PT J AU Rao, KN Kumaran, D Binz, T Swaminathan, S AF Rao, KN Kumaran, D Binz, T Swaminathan, S TI Structural analysis of the catalytic domain of tetanus neurotoxin SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE Clostridium neurotoxin; tetanus neurotoxin; botulinum neurotoxin; zinc; metalloprotease; dual-wavelength anomalous diffraction (DAD); X-ray structure ID LIGHT-CHAIN; BOTULINUM NEUROTOXINS; PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; SEROTYPE-A; H-C; TOXIN; SNAP-25; BINDING AB Clostridium neurotoxins, comprising the tetanus neurotoxin and the seven antigenically distinct botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT/A-G), are among the known most potent bacterial protein toxins to humans. Although they have similar function, sequences and three-dimensional structures, the substrate specificity and the selectivity of peptide bond cleavage are different and unique. Tetanus and botulinum type B neurotoxins enzymatically cleave the same substrate, vesicle-associated membrane protein, at the same peptide bond though the optimum length of substrate peptide required for cleavage by them is different. Here, we present the first experimentally determined three-dimensional structure of the catalytic domain of tetanus neurotoxin and analyze its active site. The structure provides insight into the active site of tetanus toxin's proteolytic activity and the importance of the nucleophilic water and the role of the zinc ion. The probable reason for different modes of binding of vesicle-associated membrane protein to botulinum neurotoxin type B and the tetanus toxin is discussed. The structure provides a basis for designing a novel recombinant vaccine or structure-based drugs for tetanus. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Hannover Med Sch, Dept Biochem, Hannover, Germany. RP Swaminathan, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, 50 Bell Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM swami@bnl.gov NR 47 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 45 IS 7 BP 929 EP 939 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2005.02.032 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 936HQ UT WOS:000229846500013 PM 15904688 ER PT J AU Lorenz, CD Webb, EB Stevens, MJ Chandross, M Grest, GS AF Lorenz, CD Webb, EB Stevens, MJ Chandross, M Grest, GS TI Frictional dynamics of perfluorinated self-assembled monolayers on amorphous SiO2 SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE adhesion; friction; MEMS devices; molecular dynamics simulations; perfluorinated SAMs ID ORDERED ORGANIC MONOLAYERS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; AB-INITIO; TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; ALKYLSILANE MONOLAYERS; WEARLESS FRICTION; SIMULATIONS; GOLD; SILICON AB Silicon micromachines in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are coated with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) in order to reduce the wear and stiction that are commonplace during operation. Recently, perfluorinated SAMs have been the focus of attention because they have better processing properties than hydrocarbon SAMs. In this study, we perform molecular dynamics simulations that model adhesive contact and friction for perfluorinated alkylsilane (Si(OH)(3)(CF2)(10)CF3) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), which are commonly used in MEMS devices. Amorphous silica is used as the substrate for the SAMs in the simulations. The frictional behavior is investigated as a function of applied pressure (50 MPa-1 GPa) for a shear velocity of 2 m/s and compared to recent simulation results of hydrocarbon alkylsilane SAMs. The microscopic friction coefficient for the perfluorinated SAMs is the same as was measured for the hydrocarbon SAMs, but the shear stress is slightly larger than in the case of the hydrocarbon SAMs on amorphous silica. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lorenz, CD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM cdloren@sandia.gov RI Lorenz, Christian/A-6996-2017 OI Lorenz, Christian/0000-0003-1028-4804 NR 46 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 19 IS 2 BP 93 EP 99 DI 10.1007/s11249-005-5085-4 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 939NS UT WOS:000230080300004 ER PT J AU Liu, WJ Ice, GE Larson, BC Yang, WG Tischler, JZ AF Liu, WJ Ice, GE Larson, BC Yang, WG Tischler, JZ TI Nondestructive three-dimensional characterization of grain boundaries by X-ray crystal microscopy SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE 3d X-ray crystal microscopy; grain boundary characterization; coincident site lattice ID POLYCRYSTALS; MICRODIFFRACTION; DIFFRACTION AB The results from an emerging method of nondestructive grain boundary characterization, with unprecedented sensitivity to neighbor-grain misorientation and grain boundary morphology are reported. The method utilizes differential aperture X-ray microscopy to determine the local crystallographic orientation of submicron volumes within polycrystalline materials. Initial measurements are described for a recrystallized Ni sample where the grain boundary type was identified at 85 grain boundaries within the framework of an ideal coincident site lattice (CSL) model. The remarkable resolution of this method is demonstrated by the < 0.03&DEG; deviations of inisorientation measured for &USigma; 3 (twin) boundaries. Because of its high angular and spatial resolution, this new approach to grain boundary characterization can provide quantitative tests of grain boundary models with new insights for grain boundary engineering efforts. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, WJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, UNI CAT, Bldg 438D,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM wjliu@anl.gov RI Yang, Wenge/H-2740-2012 NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD JUN PY 2005 VL 103 IS 3 BP 199 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2004.11.022 PG 6 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 924BO UT WOS:000228953800004 PM 15850707 ER PT J AU Silva, RG Cameron, KC Di, HJ Jorgensen, EE AF Silva, RG Cameron, KC Di, HJ Jorgensen, EE TI A Lysimeter study to investigate the effect of dairy effluent and urea on cattle urine N losses, plant uptake and soil retention SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE dairy effluent; denitrification; nitrate leaching; organic carbon; pasture; urine ID DRINKING-WATER; AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY; FLOOD IRRIGATION; SHED EFFLUENT; NEW-ZEALAND; NITROGEN; PASTURE; NITRATE; DENITRIFICATION AB Loss of nitrate (NO3-) from grazing land is a major cause of surface and groundwater contamination. These losses increase when N sources such as fertilizer are applied to grazing land. The objectives of this work were to (1) study the impact of dairy effluent (DE) or urea on N losses and plant uptake when DE or urea was applied with and without cattle urine and; (2) determine the effect of organic C rich DE on the fate of urine N. The experiment was conducted using lysimeters that contained Templeton sandy loam soil extracted from a pasture in New Zealand. Application of DE resulted in significantly less (p < 0.05) NO3- leaching compared with urea in the first year, but not in the second year. Differences between years could be attributed to the comparatively lower C: N ratio of applied DE in the second year, causing relatively greater N mineralization and greater NO3- leaching. Differences could also be due to cumulative effects of DE (first year applied) on second year NO3- leaching. Total annual pasture N uptake was similar for DE and urea treatments. During the first year, the average NO3- concentration was lower when DE was combined with urine compared to urine alone, but not in the second year. The combination of DE with urine resulted in significantly greater (p < 0.01) annual pasture N uptake compared with the urine alone treatment in both years. Urine plus urea resulted in the greatest leaching losses in both years, but its impact on pasture N uptake was mixed. The total leaching loss of N from urine plus DE (90 kg N ha(-1)) was similar to urine alone ( 77 kg N ha(-1)) in the second year. Likewise, the annual percentage of N-15 recovered in the leachate from urine plus DE (9%) was not significantly different from urine alone (6%). However, N-15 recoveries revealed that the contribution of urine N to NO3- leaching was greater when urine was combined with DE (98.8%) compared to urine alone (83%). The greater NO3- leaching from urine when combined with DE could be a result of greater nitrification due to the low C: N ratio of DE. Additionally, the annual percentage of urine N uptake by the pasture from urine plus DE (29%) was significantly less than from urine alone (39%) (p < 0.01). The application of organic C rich DE had no significant effect on soil N retention or denitrification when combined with urine. C1 Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Lincoln Univ, Ctr Soil & Environm Qual, Canterbury, New Zealand. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Silva, RG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM silva.gunadasa@epa.gov RI Di, Hong/G-5583-2010; Brown, Barbara/J-3269-2012 NR 50 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 164 IS 1-4 BP 57 EP 78 DI 10.1007/s11270-005-2249-7 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 951LY UT WOS:000230933100004 ER PT J AU Bryan, AL Snodgrass, JW Robinette, JR Hopkins, LB AF Bryan, AL Snodgrass, JW Robinette, JR Hopkins, LB TI Parental activities of nesting wood storks relative to time of day, tide level and breeding stage SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE attenclance; coastal; feeding; foraging behavior; Mycterica americana; parental activities; tide; time of day; Wood Storks ID COASTAL GEORGIA; HABITAT USE AB In 1995, parental activities of Wood Storks (Mycteria americana) were monitored in three coastal colonies during a series of 24-h long observation periods to document attendance, foraging, and other activities in relation to time of day, tide level, and breeding stage. During 5,400 nest-hours of observations, nest attendance declined and feeding rates increased with nestling developmental stage. Although some feeding arrivals occurred during darkness, the great majority of arrivals (including feeding) occurred during daylight periods. Mean times of return from feeding trips varied significantly among colonies and nestling developmental stages. Feeding arrivals were linked to tides, suggesting that most foraging occurred during the preceding low tide period. Inter-colony variation in foraging arrival times and interactions with tides were likely associated with differences in proximity to foraging sites and availability of both tidal and non-tidal (freshwater) foraging habitats. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Towson Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Towson, MD 21252 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Savannah Coastal Refuges, Savannah, GA 31405 USA. RP Bryan, AL (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM bryan@srel.edu RI Snodgrass, Joel/C-5288-2016 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD JUN PY 2005 VL 28 IS 2 BP 139 EP 145 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2005)028[0139:PAONWS]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 934WF UT WOS:000229739200002 ER PT J AU Schneibel, JH Brady, MP Kruzic, JJ Ritchie, RO AF Schneibel, JH Brady, MP Kruzic, JJ Ritchie, RO TI On the improvement of the ductility of molybdenum by spinel (MgAl2O4) particles SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR METALLKUNDE LA English DT Article DE molybdenum; ductility; spinel; metal-matrix composite ID GRAIN-BOUNDARY SEGREGATION; FRACTURE; ALLOYS AB In a 1967 patent, D. M. Scruggs found that the room temperature ductility of molybdenum is improved by adding several volume percent of MgAl2O4 spinel particles. The present work substantiates Scruggs' claim - with increasing MgAl2O4 volume fraction the ductility of Mo-MgAl2O4 is found to pass through a maximum near 2.5 vol%. Scruggs postulated that gettering of detrimental impurities was responsible for this effect. In the present work, fracture initiated at microcracks that formed on the Mo-MgAl2O4 specimen surfaces during tensile testing. The ductility maximum is interpreted in terms of the change in the microcrack size (which is assumed to scale with the grain size) and the ultimate tensile stress, as the MgAl2O4 volume fraction increases. Fracture occurs once a critical local stress-intensity factor, which is approximately independent of the MgAl2O4 volume fraction, is reached. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schneibel, JH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM schneibeljh@ornl.gov RI Brady, Michael/A-8122-2008; Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; Kruzic, Jamie/M-3558-2014 OI Brady, Michael/0000-0003-1338-4747; Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Kruzic, Jamie/0000-0002-9695-1921 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 86 04 20, D-81679 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-3093 J9 Z METALLKD JI Z. Metallk. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 96 IS 6 BP 632 EP 637 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 946HI UT WOS:000230562600017 ER PT J AU Davison, PA Schubert, HL Reid, JD Iorg, CD Heroux, A Hill, CP Hunter, CN AF Davison, PA Schubert, HL Reid, JD Iorg, CD Heroux, A Hill, CP Hunter, CN TI Structural and biochemical characterization of Gun4 suggests a mechanism for its role in chlorophyll biosynthesis SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTOPORPHYRIN-IX METHYLTRANSFERASE; CHELATASE H-SUBUNIT; MAGNESIUM CHELATASE; SYNECHOCYSTIS PCC6803; MG-CHELATASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ATPASE ACTIVITY; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; GENES AB Gun4 has been implicated in a developmental signaling pathway between the chloroplast and the nucleus involving magnesium protoporphyrin IX (MgPIX), the first dedicated intermediate in the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway. Here we present the crystal structure of Thermosynechococcus elongatus Gun4 at 1.5 angstrom, describe the binding affinities of Gun4 for substrate and product porphyrin molecules, and identify a likely (Mg)P-IX binding site on the protein. Kinetic analyses show that Gun4 dramatically increases the efficiency of transformation of porphyrin substrate to metalloporphyrin product and that it also reduces the threshold Mg2+ concentration required for activity at low porphyrin concentration. Gun4 therefore controls magnesium chelatase at physiologically significant Mg2+ concentrations and likely acts as a molecular switch in vivo so that in its absence magnesium chelatase is inactive. This mechanism could allow Gun4 to mediate magnesium protoporphyrin levels both for chlorophyll biosynthesis and for signaling to the nucleus. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Biochem, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. Univ Sheffield, Dept Mol Biol & Biotechnol, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Schubert, HL (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Biochem, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. EM heidi@biochem.utah.edu; c.n.hunter@sheffield.ac.uk OI Reid, James/0000-0003-4921-1047 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM56775, R01 GM056775] NR 34 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAY 31 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 21 BP 7603 EP 7612 DI 10.1021/bi050240x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 930BD UT WOS:000229389900001 PM 15909975 ER PT J AU Zhang, JZ Zhao, YS Xu, HW Zelinskas, MV Wang, LP Wang, YB Uchida, T AF Zhang, JZ Zhao, YS Xu, HW Zelinskas, MV Wang, LP Wang, YB Uchida, T TI Pressure-induced amorphization and phase transformations in beta-LiAlSiO4 SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE THERMAL-EXPANSION; X-RAY OBSERVATIONS; BETA-EUCRYPTITE; ALPHA-QUARTZ; REVERSIBLE AMORPHIZATION; CRYSTAL; DECOMPOSITION; DIFFRACTION; TRANSITIONS; ANORTHITE AB This work presents a comprehensive study on pressure-induced amorphization (PIA) in beta-eucryptite (LiAlSiO4) and on the equilibrium states of so-formed amorphous phase at elevated temperatures. Our results revealed that at 300 K beta-LiAlSiO4 underwent progressive amorphization at pressures above 4.5 GPa and became completely amorphous above 17.0 GPa. After release of pressure, beta-LiAlSiO4 that was partially amorphized at 7.5, 14.0, and 16.0 GPa reverted back to its original crystalline state. When subjected to a complete loss of long-range structural order, the system was recovered as an amorphous state and did not retain the so-called structural memory. Upon heating at high pressures, the partially or completely amorphous beta-LiAlSiO4 transformed into various crystalline phases at temperatures above 973 K: between 6.9 and 10.7 GPa it was decomposed into a mixture of LiAlSi2O6 and LiAlO2; at 15.3 GPa the two phases recombined to form a new phase with a spinel structure; and at 22 GPa the spinel phase of LiAlSiO4 was decomposed into its constituent oxides. The observed transformations are all of a reconstructive type and also involve profound changes in atomic coordination environments. A large activation energy barrier associated with coordination changes and a hindrance of atomic mobility at kinetically low temperatures are the primary factors that trigger the PIA. C1 Univ Chicago, GSECARS, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Delaware State Univ, Dept Phys & Preengn, Sagamiko, Kanagawa 19901, Japan. SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Mineral Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. RP Univ Chicago, GSECARS, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 48 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAY 31 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 11 BP 2817 EP 2824 DI 10.1021/cm050235f PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 933TO UT WOS:000229656000008 ER PT J AU Nyman, M Ingersoll, D Singh, S Bonhomme, F Alam, TM Brinker, CJ Rodriguez, MA AF Nyman, M Ingersoll, D Singh, S Bonhomme, F Alam, TM Brinker, CJ Rodriguez, MA TI Comparative study of inorganic cluster-surfactant arrays SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; MOLECULAR MATERIALS; ENCAPSULATED CLUSTERS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; MAGNETIC CLUSTERS; LAMELLAR PHASES; ORGANIC DONORS; RADICAL SALT; POLYOXOMETALATE AB We have investigated inorganic cluster-surfactant materials to better understand the structural evolution of these phases as the surfactant:cluster ratio increases above 4:1 and the cluster charge increases beyond -4. Our studies suggest that both ordering of the surfactant molecules into bilayers as well as the cluster charge are the primary influences on the hybrid cluster-surfactant phase structure. However, cluster geometry, inclusion of solvent molecules, surfactant tail length, cation head size, etc. also influence the self-assembly of these materials. We present the synthesis, characterization, and single-crystal. X-ray structure of [SiMo12O40][C16H33N(CH3)(3)](4) (monoclinic P2(1)/c, a = 13.136(1) angstrom, b = 20.139(2) angstrom, c = 41.030(3) angstrom, beta = 93.443(1)degrees, and V = 10834.7(17) angstrom(3)) and the synthesis and characterization of a related phase that forms upon chemical reduction of the silicomolybdate anion. Structural and chemical comparisons are made between these two compounds, as well as other phases formed from polyoxometalates (with charges ranging from -3 to -16) and surfactants. The structure of [SiMo12O40][C16H33N(CH3)(3)]4 is compared to the structures of other reported cluster-surfactant phases that also have a 1:4 cluster: surfactant ratio. Analyses of these phases provide some insight as to why it is thus far only this 1:4 ratio that provides crystals suitable for single-crystal diffraction studies and how the structure of the cluster-surfactant phases evolves as the surfactant/cluster ratio is increased. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, NSF, Ctr Microengineered Mat, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Nyman, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mdnyman@sandia.gov NR 52 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAY 31 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 11 BP 2885 EP 2895 DI 10.1021/cm0503174 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 933TO UT WOS:000229656000015 ER PT J AU Lichtenegger, HC Birkedal, H Casa, DM Cross, JO Heald, SM Waite, JH Stucky, GD AF Lichtenegger, HC Birkedal, H Casa, DM Cross, JO Heald, SM Waite, JH Stucky, GD TI Distribution and role of trace transition metals in Glycera worm jaws studied with synchrotron microbeam techniques SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS CALCIUM-CARBONATE; POLYCHAETE JAWS; ZINC; MINERALIZATION; COMPONENT; TISSUES; COPPER; EDGE AB A combination of position-resolved synchrotron microbeam techniques was used to explore the distribution and role of trace transition metals in the jaws of Glycera dibranchiata. The mandibles of this marine sediment worm have recently been found to be reinforced by the copper-based biomineral atacamite [Cu-2(OH)(3)Cl]. Here we show that the system is more complex, containing zinc and iron and unmineralized copper compounds as well. X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies showed that a fraction of copper is present in oxidation state, Cu(I), in contrast to the mineral that exclusively contains Cu(II). X-ray fluorescence imaging revealed traces of copper also in the jaw base devoid of mineral. Traces of iron were found as well, but occurred spatially correlated with the copper mineral, suggesting a substitution of copper atoms by iron in the atacamite mineral. Zinc was evenly dispersed throughout the jaw matrix, quite in analogy to zinc in Nereis jaw, a related worm species, where nonmineralized zinc serves to cross-link and harden the proteinaceous matrix. C1 Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Mat Sci & Technol, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. Aarhus Univ, Dept Chem, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. Aarhus Univ, INANO, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Mat Sci & Technol, E308,Favoritenstr 9-11, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. EM helga.lichtenegger@tuwien.ac.at; waite@lifesci.ucsb.edu; stucky@chem.ucsb.edu RI Casa, Diego/F-9060-2016; OI Birkedal, Henrik/0000-0002-4201-2179; Lichtenegger, Helga/0000-0002-6624-1419 NR 25 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAY 31 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 11 BP 2927 EP 2931 DI 10.1021/cm050233v PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 933TO UT WOS:000229656000021 ER PT J AU Huang, ML Lograsso, TA AF Huang, ML Lograsso, TA TI Experimental investigation and thermodynamic modeling of the Ni-Pr system SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE Ni-Pr phase diagram; differential thermal analysis (DTA); thermodynamic modeling ID LANTHANIDE-NICKEL COMPOUNDS; RARE-EARTH COMPOUNDS; MAGNETIC PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; METAL; YTTRIUM; BINARY AB The Ni-Pr system is investigated via experiments and thermodynamic modeling. In the experimental part, five alloys with compositions of Ni-96 at.% Pr, Ni-85 at.% Pr, Ni3Pr, Ni5Pr and Ni-5 at.% Pr were prepared by arc melting pure Ni and Pr slugs and annealing the alloys at 500&DEG; C for 2 weeks. The annealed alloys were then subjected to differential thermal analysis (DTA) measurements. The decomposition temperatures of Ni7Pr, (1162 &DEG; C), Ni3Pr (1029 &DEG; C), Ni2Pr (921 &DEG; C), dhcp (Pr) (780&DEG; C), the cutectic reaction temperature of liquid &LRARR; fcc (Ni) + Ni5Pr (1280&DEG; C) and the congruent melting point of Ni5Pr (1385 &DEG; C) were determined by DTA, respectively. In the modeling part, the available phase equilibrium and thermodynamic data in the Ni-Pr system were analyzed by using thermodynamic models for the Gibbs energies of individual phases. An optimal set of thermodynamic parameters was obtained using WinPhad software. The calculated phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties from the model parameters were compared to the corresponding experimental data and good agreement was obtained. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Huang, ML (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mhuang@ameslab.gov NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD MAY 31 PY 2005 VL 395 IS 1-2 BP 75 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.11.039 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 930IZ UT WOS:000229410600015 ER PT J AU Wang, J Ebner, AD Prozorov, T Zidan, R Ritter, JA AF Wang, J Ebner, AD Prozorov, T Zidan, R Ritter, JA TI Effect of graphite as a co-dopant on the dehydrogenation and hydrogenation kinetics of Ti-doped sodium aluminum hydride SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE hydrogen storage; complex hydrides; sodium aluminum hydride; titanium chloride; graphite; aluminum; hydrogen spillover; lubrication; micro-grinding; SEM; XPS ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; STORAGE MATERIAL; MAGNESIUM ALANATE; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; CATALYZED ALANATES; TITANIUM; NAALH4; CARBON; DECOMPOSITION; LIALH4 AB The synergistic effect of graphite as a co-dopant on the dehydrogenation and hydrogenation kinetics of Ti-doped NaAlH4 has been observed for the first time. According to temperature programmed desorption curves obtained at 2 degrees C/min, the dehydrogenation temperature in the 90-150 degrees C range decreased by as much as 15 degrees C for NaAlH4 co-doped with 10 wt.% graphite (G) and up to 4 mol% TiCl3 compared to similarly doped and ball milled samples without graphite. Constant temperature desorption curves at 90 and 110 degrees C obtained for NaAlH4 co-doped with 2 mol% TiCl3 and 10 wt.% G also, respectively, revealed improvements in the dehydrogenation kinetics of 6.5 and 3.0 times that of a similarly prepared sample without graphite. In contrast, graphite as a single dopant was essentially inactive as a catalyst. The effects of graphite persisted through dehydrogenation/hydrogenation cycling, and through the addition of aluminum (Al) powder, which was added to mitigate irreversible kinetic and capacity losses during cycling. A sample of NaAlH4 co-doped with 2.0 mol% TiCl3, 10 wt.% G and 5 wt.% Al exhibited perhaps the best dehydrogenation and hydrogenation rates to date. The observed phenomena were interpreted in terms of some of the unique properties of graphite: graphite might be playing a dual role by serving as a mixing agent manifested through lubrication phenomena (i.e., graphene layer slippage and breakage), and as a micro-grinding agent manifested through the formation of carbide species, both during high energy ball milling. In these capacities, graphite may have caused the Ti particles to be more finely ground and hence more dispersed over the surfaces of the NaAlH4 particles and also the graphite particles themselves. Graphite might also be imparting an electronic contribution through the interaction of its facile pi-electrons with Ti through a hydrogen spillover mechanism, whereby it back donates some electrons to Ti, which further facilitates hydrogen bond formation and cleavage through this Ti species. Research is continuing with graphite as a co-dopant. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ S Carolina, Swearingen Engn Ctr, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Ritter, JA (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Swearingen Engn Ctr, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM ritter@engr.sc.edu NR 82 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 5 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD MAY 31 PY 2005 VL 395 IS 1-2 BP 252 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.11.053 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 930IZ UT WOS:000229410600046 ER PT J AU Sirbuly, DJ Law, M Pauzauskie, P Yan, HQ Maslov, AV Knutsen, K Ning, CZ Saykally, RJ Yang, PD AF Sirbuly, DJ Law, M Pauzauskie, P Yan, HQ Maslov, AV Knutsen, K Ning, CZ Saykally, RJ Yang, PD TI Optical routing and sensing with nanowire assemblies SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE photonics; subwavelength; evanescent; nanoribbon; waveguide ID SUBWAVELENGTH-DIAMETER SILICA; WAVE-GUIDES; LIGHT; CELL; MICROSCOPY; DEVICES AB The manipulation of photons in structures smaller than the wavelength of light is central to the development of nanoscale integrated photonic systems for computing, communications, and sensing. We assemble small groups of freestanding, chemically synthesized nanoribbons and nanowires into model structures that illustrate how light is exchanged between subwavelength cavities made of three different semiconductors. The coupling strength of the optical linkages formed when nanowires are brought into contact depends both on their volume of interaction and angle of intersection. With simple coupling schemes, lasing nanowires can launch coherent pulses of light through ribbon waveguides that are up to a millimeter in length. Also, interwire coupling losses are low enough to allow light to propagate across several right-angle bends in a grid of crossed ribbons. The fraction of the guided wave traveling outside the wire/ribbon cavities is used to link nanowires through space and to separate colors within multiribbon networks. In addition, we find that nanoribbons function efficiently as waveguides in liquid media and provide a unique means for probing molecules in solution or in proximity to the waveguide surface. Our results lay the spadework for photonic devices based on assemblies of active and passive nanowire elements and presage the use of nanowire waveguides in microfluidics and biology. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Yang, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM p_yang@berkeley.edu RI Maslov, Alexey/E-5158-2011; Ning, C. Z./D-4699-2009; Pauzauskie, Peter/A-1316-2014 OI Maslov, Alexey/0000-0002-7835-2474; Ning, C. Z./0000-0003-4583-8889; NR 29 TC 151 Z9 153 U1 2 U2 64 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 31 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 22 BP 7800 EP 7805 DI 10.1073/pnas.0408641102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 932CE UT WOS:000229531000006 PM 15911765 ER PT J AU Kocharovsky, V Cameron, S Lehmann, K Lucht, R Miles, R Rostovtsev, Y Warren, W Welch, GR Scully, MO AF Kocharovsky, V Cameron, S Lehmann, K Lucht, R Miles, R Rostovtsev, Y Warren, W Welch, GR Scully, MO TI Gain-swept superradiance applied to the stand-off detection of trace impurities in the atmosphere SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LIDAR AB We show that gain-swept superradiance can be used to detect low (parts per million) concentrations of various gases at distances on the order of kilometers, which is done by using pulse timing to create small regions of gain at positions that sweep toward a detector. The technique is far more sensitive than previous methods such as light detection and ranging or differential absorption light detection and ranging. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Inst Quantum Studies, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Scully, MO (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM scully@tamu.edu OI Kocharovsky, Vitaly/0000-0001-6802-3258 NR 8 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 31 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 22 BP 7806 EP 7811 DI 10.1073/pnas.0500534102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 932CE UT WOS:000229531000007 PM 15911763 ER PT J AU Yang, ZG Xia, GG Singh, P Stevenson, JW AF Yang, ZG Xia, GG Singh, P Stevenson, JW TI Effects of water vapor on oxidation behavior of ferritic stainless steels under solid oxide fuel cell interconnect exposure conditions SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article DE oxidation; stainless steel; solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC); interconnect ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; STEAM/AIR DUAL ENVIRONMENT; FE-CR ALLOYS; CORROSION BEHAVIOR; BOILER TUBES; AIR SIDES; IRON; CHROMIUM; HYDROGEN; DEFECTS AB The oxidation of ferritic stainless steels has been studied under solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) interconnect "dual" exposure conditions, i.e., simultaneous exposure to air on one side of the sample, and fuel (hydrogen) on the other. It was found that, under the dual exposures, the oxidation behavior of the stainless steels at the airside differed significantly from that observed during exposure to air at both sides. Increased water vapor partial pressure in the air at the airside further accelerated the anomalous oxidation, resulting in nucleation and growth of hematite in the scale that led to a localized attack. The accelerated oxidation and growth of the hematite nodules was a result of combined effects of hydrogen transport from the fuel side to the airside and the presence of increased water vapor. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Yang, ZG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM zgary.yang@pnl.gov RI Singh, Prabhakar/M-3186-2013 NR 41 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD MAY 31 PY 2005 VL 176 IS 17-18 BP 1495 EP 1503 DI 10.1016/j.ssi.2005.03.019 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 948RU UT WOS:000230734200001 ER PT J AU Corwine, CR Sites, JR Gessert, TA Metzger, WK Dippo, P Li, J Duda, A Teeter, G AF Corwine, CR Sites, JR Gessert, TA Metzger, WK Dippo, P Li, J Duda, A Teeter, G TI CdTe photoluminescence: Comparison of solar-cell material with surface-modified single crystals SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; IDENTIFICATION; STABILITY; CONTACT AB Low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) is used to study defect evolution during Cu diffusion into single-crystal CdTe under various atmospheres. PL reveals a zero-order phonon peak at 1.456 eV when Cu-coated CdTe is annealed at 400 degrees C in an oxidizing atmosphere, but not under other tested conditions. A similar peak is seen in polycrystalline thin-film CdTe samples, which are known to contain copper and oxygen impurities. First-principles band structure calculations determined the likely defect assignment as a transition between a Cu-i-O-Te donor complex and the valence band. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gessert, TA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM tom_gessert@nrel.gov NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 30 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 22 AR 221909 DI 10.1063/1.1935752 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 932YG UT WOS:000229590100021 ER PT J AU Guslienko, KY Buchanan, KS Bader, SD Novosad, V AF Guslienko, KY Buchanan, KS Bader, SD Novosad, V TI Dynamics of coupled vortices in layered magnetic nanodots SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VORTEX STATE; DISKS AB The spin dynamics are calculated for a model system consisting of two ferromagnetic (F) cylindrical dots, each with a magnetic vortex ground state, are separated by a nonmagnetic spacer (N). The effects of interlayer magnetostatic interactions on the vortex dynamics were explored by applying the equations of motion for the vortex core positions. For trilayer F/N/F dots with opposite chiralities and the same core polarizations two eigenmodes are predicted. One mode is in the sub-GHz range for submicron dot diameters and corresponds to quasicircular rotation of the cores about the dot center. A second mode in the MHz range corresponds to a small amplitude rotation of the mean core position. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Guslienko, KY (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gusliyenko@anl.gov RI Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013; Novosad, Valentyn/C-2018-2014; Novosad, V /J-4843-2015; OI Buchanan, Kristen/0000-0003-0879-0038 NR 19 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 30 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 22 AR 223112 DI 10.1063/1.1929078 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 932YG UT WOS:000229590100071 ER PT J AU Kucheyev, SO Biener, J Tringe, JW Wang, YM Mirkarimi, PB van Buuren, T Baker, SL Hamza, AV Bruhne, K Fecht, HJ AF Kucheyev, SO Biener, J Tringe, JW Wang, YM Mirkarimi, PB van Buuren, T Baker, SL Hamza, AV Bruhne, K Fecht, HJ TI Ultrathick, low-stress nanostructured diamond films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DOPED ULTRANANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; NEAR-EDGE; SPECTROSCOPY; SILICON; CARBON AB We describe a hot-filament chemical vapor deposition process for growing freestanding nanostructured diamond films, similar to 80 mu m thick, with residual tensile stress levels less than or similar to 90 MPa. We characterize the film microstructure, mechanical properties, chemical bond distribution, and elemental composition. Results show that our films are nanostructured with columnar grain diameters of less than or similar to 150 nm and a highly variable grain length along the growth direction of similar to 50-1500 nm. These films have a rms surface roughness of less than or similar to 200 nm for a 300x400 mu m(2) scan, which is about one order of magnitude lower than the roughness of typical microcrystalline diamond films of comparable thickness. Soft x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy indicates a large percentage of sp(3) bonding in the films, consistent with a high hardness of 66 GPa. Nanoindentation and XANES results are also consistent with a high phase and elemental purity of the films, directly measured by x-ray and electron diffraction, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, and elastic recoil detection analysis. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy reveals a large density of planar defects within the grains, suggesting a high rate of secondary nucleation during film growth. These films represent a new class of smooth, ultrathick nanostructured diamond. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Ulm, Div Mat, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. RP Kucheyev, SO (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kucheyev@llnl.gov RI Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/F-2249-2010; Bruhne, Kai/H-3776-2011; OI Bruhne, Kai/0000-0003-1760-8680 NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 30 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 22 AR 221914 DI 10.1063/1.1943492 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 932YG UT WOS:000229590100026 ER PT J AU Shao, L Wang, YQ Zhang, X Wetteland, CJ Nastasi, M Thompson, PE Mayer, JW AF Shao, L Wang, YQ Zhang, X Wetteland, CJ Nastasi, M Thompson, PE Mayer, JW TI Optimized energy window of He beams for accurate determination of depth in channeling Rutherford backscattering spectrometry SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STOPPING-POWER; SI CRYSTALS; IONS; SPECTRA AB We propose a method to improve accurate determination of damage/impurity depth profiles by channeling Rutherford backscattering by using He-4(+) beams in an energy window of 400-800 keV. This is based on the study of the stopping power of He-4(+) ions as a function of incident energy along the Si < 100 > axis, which shows that the channeling stopping power within the above energy window is close to the random stopping power. Experiments on 100 nm deep Sb-doped Si superlattices show that the approach significantly reduces the error in determining the depth location of Sb, for example, from 8% by using 2-MeV He-4(+) to 1% by using 600-keV He-4(+) ions. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Shao, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lshao@mailaps.org NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 30 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 22 AR 221913 DI 10.1063/1.1941454 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 932YG UT WOS:000229590100025 ER PT J AU Seok, WK Meyer, TJ AF Seok, WK Meyer, TJ TI Mechanism of oxidation of benzaldehyde by polypyridyl oxo complexes of Ru(IV) SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHROMIC ACID OXIDATION; C-H BONDS; COUPLED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; SUBSTITUTED BENZALDEHYDES; AROMATIC-ALDEHYDES; DISSOCIATION-ENERGIES; AEROBIC OXIDATION; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; ATOM TRANSFER; KINETICS AB The oxidation of benzaldehyde and several of its derivatives to their carboxylic acids by cis-[Ru-IV(bpy)(2)(py)(O)](2+) (Ru-IV=O2+; bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine, py is pyridine), cis-[Ru-III(bpy)(2)(py)(OH)](2+) (Ru-III-OH2+), and [Ru-IV(tpy)(bpy)(O)](2+) (tpy is 2,2':6',2"-terpyridine) in acetonitrile and water has been investigated using a variety of techniques. Several lines of evidence support a one-electron hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) mechanism for the redox step in the oxidation of benzaldehyde. They include (i) moderate k(C-H)/k(C-D) kinetic isotope effects of 8.1 +/- 0.3 in CH3CN, 9.4 +/- 0.4 in H2O, and 7.2 +/- 0.8 in D2O; (ii) a low k(H2O/D2O) kinetic isotope effect of 1.2 +/- 0.1; (iii) a decrease in rate constant by a factor of only similar to 5 in CH3CN and similar to 8 in H2O for the oxidation of benzaldehyde by cis-[RuIII(bpy)(2)(py)(OH)](2+) compared to cis-[Ru-IV(bpy)(2)(py)(O)](2+); (iv) the appearance of cis-[Ru-III(bpy)(2)(py)(OH)](2+) rather than cis-[Ru-III(bpy)(2)(py)(OH2)](2+) as the initial product; and (v) the small p value of -0.65 +/- 0.03 in a Hammett plot of log k vs sigma in the oxidation of a series of aldehydes. A mechanism is proposed for the process occurring in the absence Of 02 involving (i) preassociation of the reactants, (ii) H-atom transfer to Ru-IV=O2+ to give Ru-III-OH2+ and PhCO, (iii) capture of PhCO by Ru-III-OH2+ to give Ru-II-OC(O)Ph+ and H+, and (iv) solvolysis to give cis-[Ru-II(bpy)(2)(py)(NCCH3)](2+) or the aqua complex and the carboxylic acid as products. C1 Dongguk Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 100715, South Korea. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Meyer, TJ (reprint author), Dongguk Univ, Dept Chem, 26 Pil Dong, Seoul 100715, South Korea. EM tjmeyer@lanl.gov NR 65 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAY 30 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 11 BP 3931 EP 3941 DI 10.1021/ic040119z PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 929YD UT WOS:000229381600024 PM 15907121 ER PT J AU Allgo, JA Smith, L Eglin, JL Pence, LE AF Allgo, JA Smith, L Eglin, JL Pence, LE TI Solution and solid-state variation of cupric phenanthroline complexes SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; COPPER(II) COMPLEXES; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; CU(NN)(2)(+) SYSTEMS; REDUCTION REACTIONS; LIGAND COMPLEXES; EXCITED-STATES; ACTIVE-SITES; 1,10-PHENANTHROLINE AB The 1:1 cupric-phenanthroline complexes, [Cu(5,6-Me-2-phen)(MeCN)(2)(BF4)](BF4) (1), [Cu(o-phen)(MeCN)(2)(H2O)]-(BF4)(2) (2), and [Cu(5-Cl-phen)(MeCN)(2)(BF4)](BF4) (3), have been prepared and characterized by X-ray crystallography. The structures of 1 and 3 are characterized by an equatorial plane about the copper center consisting of a phenanthroline ligand and two acetonitrile ligands. The copper units are connected by bridging counterions in the axial positions of the pseudo-octahedral metal centers to form one-dimensional solid-state linkages. The structure of 2 contains the same equatorial plane as 1 and 3, but an axial water ligand completes a square pyramidal geometry for each discrete metal unit. Although the solid-state structures vary for the three complexes, characterization through electronic spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry reveals similar behavior for all three complexes in solution. C1 Univ Hartford, Dept Chem, Hartford, CT 06117 USA. Mississippi State Univ, DIAL, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pence, LE (reprint author), Univ Hartford, Dept Chem, Hartford, CT 06117 USA. EM lpence@hartford.edu NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAY 30 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 11 BP 4001 EP 4007 DI 10.1021/ic049069o PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 929YD UT WOS:000229381600031 ER PT J AU Ketcheson, DI Robinson, AC AF Ketcheson, DI Robinson, AC TI On the practical importance of the SSP property for Runge-Kutta time integrators for some common Godunov-type schemes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE strong stability preserving; total variation diminishing; Runge-Kutta methods; high-resolution; hyperbolic conservation laws; Godunov; central schemes; Riemann solvers ID HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION-LAWS; INITIAL-VALUE PROBLEMS; SHOCK-CAPTURING SCHEMES; DISCRETIZATION METHODS; NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; ABSOLUTE MONOTONICITY; LOW-STORAGE; STABILITY; CONTRACTIVITY; EQUATIONS AB We investigate through analysis and computational experiment explicit second and third-order strong-stability preserving (SSP) Runge-Kutta time discretization methods in order to gain perspective on the practical necessity of the SSP property. We consider general theoretical SSP limits for these schemes and present a new optimal third-order low-storage SSP method that is SSP at a CFL number of 0.838. We compare results of practical preservation of the TVD property using SSP and non-SSP time integrators to integrate a class of semi-discrete Godunov-type spatial discretizations. Our examples involve numerical solutions to Burgers' equation and the Euler equations. We observe that 'well-designed' non-SSP and non-optimal SSP schemes with SSP coefficients less than one provide comparable stability when used with time steps below the standard CFL limit. Results using a third-order non-TVD CWENO scheme are also presented. We verify that the documented SSP methods with the number of stages greater than the order provide a useful enhanced stability region. We show by analysis and by numerical experiment that the non-oscillatory third-order reconstructions used in (Liu and Tadmor Numer. Math. 1998; 79:397-425, Kurganov and Petrova Numer. Math. 2001; 88:683-729) are in general only second-and first-order accurate, respectively. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ketcheson, DI (reprint author), Univ Washington, Box 352420, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM ketch@amath.washington.edu; acrobin@sandia.gov RI Ketcheson, David/K-5949-2013 OI Ketcheson, David/0000-0002-1212-126X NR 37 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0271-2091 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD MAY 30 PY 2005 VL 48 IS 3 BP 271 EP 303 DI 10.1002/fld.837 PG 33 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 923LE UT WOS:000228910600002 ER PT J AU Berger, CF AF Berger, CF TI Dijet event shapes as diagnostic tools SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Review DE QCD; event shapes; power corrections; color flow ID Z(0) RESONANCE; CROSS-SECTIONS; QCD; ANNIHILATION; OBSERVABLES; RESUMMATION; JETS; DISTRIBUTIONS; SCATTERING; EVOLUTION AB Event shapes have long been used to extract information about hadronic final states and the properties of QCD, such as particle spin and the running coupling. Recently, a family of event shapes, the angularities, has been introduced that depends on a continuous parameter. This additional parameter-dependence further extends the versatility of event shapes. It provides a handle on nonperturbative power corrections, on non-global logarithms, and on the flow of color in the final state. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Berger, CF (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM cfberger@slac.stanford.edu NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-7323 J9 MOD PHYS LETT A JI Mod. Phys. Lett. A PD MAY 30 PY 2005 VL 20 IS 16 BP 1187 EP 1201 DI 10.1142/S0217732305017585 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 934EW UT WOS:000229690700001 ER PT J AU Millener, DJ AF Millener, DJ TI Hypernuclear structure from gamma-ray spectroscopy SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics CY OCT 14-18, 2003 CL Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA HO Jefferson Lab ID LAMBDA; LI-7(LAMBDA); B-10 AB The energies of p-shell hypertruclear gamma rays obtained from recent experiments using the Hyperball at BNL and KEK are used to constrain the YN interaction which enters into shell-model calculations that include both Lambda and Sigma configurations. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Millener, DJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM millener@bnl.gov NR 16 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAY 30 PY 2005 VL 754 BP 48C EP 57C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.12.068 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 931MZ UT WOS:000229490700007 ER PT J AU Tamura, H Ajimura, S Akikawa, H Alburger, DE Aoki, K Banu, A Chrien, RE Franklin, GB Franz, J Fujii, Y Fukao, Y Fukuda, T Hashimoto, O Hayakawa, T Hiyama, E Hotchi, H Imai, K Imoto, W Kakiguchi, Y Kameoka, M Kishimoto, T Krutenkova, A Maruta, T Matsumura, A May, M Minami, S Miura, Y Miwa, K Miyoshi, T Mizunuma, K Nagae, T Nakamura, SN Nakazawa, K Niiyama, M Nomura, H Noumi, H Okayasu, Y Ota, S Ohtaki, T Outa, H Pile, P Quinn, BP Rusek, A Saha, PK Sato, Y Saitoh, T Sekimoto, M Sutter, R Takahashi, H Takahashi, T Tang, L Tanida, K Terashima, S Togawa, M Toyoda, A Ukai, M Yamauchi, H Yuan, L Zhou, SH AF Tamura, H Ajimura, S Akikawa, H Alburger, DE Aoki, K Banu, A Chrien, RE Franklin, GB Franz, J Fujii, Y Fukao, Y Fukuda, T Hashimoto, O Hayakawa, T Hiyama, E Hotchi, H Imai, K Imoto, W Kakiguchi, Y Kameoka, M Kishimoto, T Krutenkova, A Maruta, T Matsumura, A May, M Minami, S Miura, Y Miwa, K Miyoshi, T Mizunuma, K Nagae, T Nakamura, SN Nakazawa, K Niiyama, M Nomura, H Noumi, H Okayasu, Y Ota, S Ohtaki, T Outa, H Pile, P Quinn, BP Rusek, A Saha, PK Sato, Y Saitoh, T Sekimoto, M Sutter, R Takahashi, H Takahashi, T Tang, L Tanida, K Terashima, S Togawa, M Toyoda, A Ukai, M Yamauchi, H Yuan, L Zhou, SH TI gamma-ray spectroscopy in Lambda hypernuclei SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics CY OCT 14-18, 2003 CL Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA HO Jefferson Lab ID SPIN; LI-7(LAMBDA) AB The present status of hypernuclear gamma-ray spectroscopy with Hyperball is summarized. We observed two gamma transitions of O-Lambda(16)(1(-) -> 1(-), 0(-)) and obtained the strength of the Lambda N tensor force. In B-10(K-, pi(-) gamma) data, we did not observe the spin-flip M1 transition of B-Lambda(10)(2(-) -> 1(-)), but gamma rays from hyperfragments such as Li-7(Lambda)(7/2(+) -> 5/2(+)) and Be-9(Lambda)(3/2(+) -> 1/2(+)) were observed. In B-11(pi(+), K+Y) data, we observed six gamma transitions of B. We also attempted an inclusive gamma-ray measurement with a stopped K- beam. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. GSI Darmstadt, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Freiburg, Dept Phys, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Osaka Electrocommun Univ, Neyagawa, Osaka 5728530, Japan. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117218, Russia. Gifu Univ, Dept Phys, Gifu 5011193, Japan. Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. RP Tamura, H (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. EM tamura@lambda.phys.tohoku.ac.jp RI Franklin, Gregg/N-7743-2014; Fujii, Yu/D-3413-2015; Hiyama, Emiko/N-6413-2015 OI Franklin, Gregg/0000-0003-4176-1378; Fujii, Yu/0000-0001-6625-2241; Hiyama, Emiko/0000-0002-6352-5766 NR 16 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAY 30 PY 2005 VL 754 BP 58C EP 69C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.01.034 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 931MZ UT WOS:000229490700008 ER PT J AU Ukai, M Hashimoto, O Miura, Y Miyoshi, T Mizunuma, K Nakamura, SN Okayasu, Y Tamura, H Ajimura, S Kishimoto, T Hayakawa, T Minami, S Akikawa, H Imai, K Takahashi, H Alburger, DE Chrien, RE Hotchi, H May, M Pile, P Rusek, A Sutter, R Nagae, T Sato, Y Banu, A Franklin, GB Quinn, BP Franz, J Nakazawa, K Tanida, K Tang, L Yuan, L AF Ukai, M Hashimoto, O Miura, Y Miyoshi, T Mizunuma, K Nakamura, SN Okayasu, Y Tamura, H Ajimura, S Kishimoto, T Hayakawa, T Minami, S Akikawa, H Imai, K Takahashi, H Alburger, DE Chrien, RE Hotchi, H May, M Pile, P Rusek, A Sutter, R Nagae, T Sato, Y Banu, A Franklin, GB Quinn, BP Franz, J Nakazawa, K Tanida, K Tang, L Yuan, L CA E930 2001 Collaborat TI Observation of hypernuclear fine structure in O-16(Lambda) SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics CY OCT 14-18, 2003 CL Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA HO Jefferson Lab AB We observed, two gamma-ray transitions of O-16(Lambda). in the O-16(Lambda)(K-,pi(-) gamma) reactions using a: germanium detector array, Hyperball. The gamma rays are assigned as the M1 transitions from the 6 MeV excited state (1(-)) to the ground state doublet (1(-), 0(-)). The energies of they rays, are 6534.1 +/- 1.5 keV and 6560.2 +/- 1.3 keV, and the energy spacing is 26.1 +/- 2.0 keV, which corresponds to the ground state doublet spacing. From their yield ratio of 0.65 +/- 0.11 (N(6534)/N(6560)), the spin order of the ground state doublet is determined. This result gives a small value for the Lambda N tensor force strength. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. GSI Darmstadt, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Freiburg, Dept Phys, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Gifu Univ, Dept Phys, Gifu 5011193, Japan. RIKEN, Wako Inst, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RP Ukai, M (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. EM m-ukai@lambda.phys.tohoku.ac.jp RI Franklin, Gregg/N-7743-2014 OI Franklin, Gregg/0000-0003-4176-1378 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAY 30 PY 2005 VL 754 BP 70C EP 74C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.02.127 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 931MZ UT WOS:000229490700009 ER PT J AU Miwa, K Tanida, K Akikawa, H Fukao, Y Hiyama, E Hotchi, H Imai, K Miura, Y Mizunuma, K Nakamura, SN Niiyama, A Ota, S Saha, PK Takahashi, H Takahashi, T Tamura, H Terashima, S Togawa, M Ukai, M AF Miwa, K Tanida, K Akikawa, H Fukao, Y Hiyama, E Hotchi, H Imai, K Miura, Y Mizunuma, K Nakamura, SN Niiyama, A Ota, S Saha, PK Takahashi, H Takahashi, T Tamura, H Terashima, S Togawa, M Ukai, M TI High-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy of hyperfragments produced by stopped K- reactions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics CY OCT 14-18, 2003 CL Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA HO Jefferson Lab ID LI-7(LAMBDA) AB We performed an experiment to measure gamma rays of hyperfragments produced by stopped K- reactions on light (A <= 12) targets (KEK-PS E509). We clearly observed an E2 transition (5/2(+) -> 1/2(+)) in Li-7(Lambda) with B-10, B-11 and C-12 targets and obtained the gamma-ray intensity to be (7.5 +/- 1.6) x 10(-4) per stopped K- for B-10 target. In addition, a candidate for a new hypernuclear gamma ray was observed. These results show that this method is quite suitable for the systematic study of hypernuclei. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Osaka Electrocommun Univ, Phys Lab, Osaka 5728530, Japan. RP Miwa, K (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. EM miwa9@nh.scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp RI Hiyama, Emiko/N-6413-2015 OI Hiyama, Emiko/0000-0002-6352-5766 NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAY 30 PY 2005 VL 754 BP 80C EP 85C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.02.120 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 931MZ UT WOS:000229490700011 ER PT J AU Lee, FX Bennhold, C AF Lee, FX Bennhold, C TI Baryon resonances and pentaquarks on the lattice SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics CY OCT 14-18, 2003 CL Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA HO Jefferson Lab ID CONSTITUENT QUARK-MODEL; FERMION ACTION; POSITIVE-STRANGENESS; INTERPOLATING FIELDS; QCD; SPECTRUM; THETA(+); NUCLEON; PARTNERS; MASSES AB We review recent progress in computing excited baryons and pentaquarks in lattice QCD. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 George Washington Univ, Ctr Nucl Studies, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Lee, FX (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Ctr Nucl Studies, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM fxlee@gwu.edu OI Lee, Frank/0000-0001-8169-3440 NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAY 30 PY 2005 VL 754 BP 248C EP 260C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.12.072 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 931MZ UT WOS:000229490700031 ER PT J AU Lu, ZT Holt, RJ Mueller, P O'Connor, TP Schiffer, JP Wang, LB AF Lu, ZT Holt, RJ Mueller, P O'Connor, TP Schiffer, JP Wang, LB TI Searches for stable strangelets in ordinary matter: overview and a recent example SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics CY OCT 14-18, 2003 CL Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA HO Jefferson Lab DE strangelet; helium; laser spectroscopy ID LOW-Z NUCLEI; COLLAPSED NUCLEI; QUARK MATTER; PARTICLES; ISOTOPES AB Our knowledge on the possible existence in nature of stable exotic particles depends solely upon experimental observation. Guided by this general principle and motivated by theoretical hypotheses on the existence of stable particles of strange quark matter, a variety of experimental searches have been performed. We provide an introduction to the theoretical hypotheses, an overview of the past searches, and a more detailed description of a recent search for helium-like strangelets in the Earth's atmosphere using a sensitive laser spectroscopy method. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Lu, ZT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM lu@anl.gov RI Mueller, Peter/E-4408-2011; Holt, Roy/E-5803-2011 OI Mueller, Peter/0000-0002-8544-8191; NR 20 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAY 30 PY 2005 VL 754 BP 361C EP 368C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.01.038 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 931MZ UT WOS:000229490700046 ER PT J AU Kishimoto, T Hayakawa, T Ajimura, S Minami, S Sakaguchi, A Shimizu, Y Chrien, RE May, M Pile, P Rusek, A Sutter, R Noumi, H Tamura, H Ukai, M Miura, Y Tanida, K AF Kishimoto, T Hayakawa, T Ajimura, S Minami, S Sakaguchi, A Shimizu, Y Chrien, RE May, M Pile, P Rusek, A Sutter, R Noumi, H Tamura, H Ukai, M Miura, Y Tanida, K TI Kaonic nuclei probed by the in-flight (K-, n) reaction SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics CY OCT 14-18, 2003 CL Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA HO Jefferson Lab ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; NEUTRON-STARS; ANTIKAON PRODUCTION; MAXIMUM MASS; MATTER; CONDENSATION AB Kaonic nuclei are observed by the (K-, n) reaction. The spectra indicate that the kaon nuclear potential is strongly attractive which seems to contradict many theoretical predictions. It suggests that kaon condensation is taking place in the core of neutron stars. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. RP Kishimoto, T (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. EM kisimoto@phys.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp NR 30 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAY 30 PY 2005 VL 754 BP 383C EP 390C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.03.019 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 931MZ UT WOS:000229490700049 ER PT J AU Brizuela, F Vaschenko, G Brewer, C Grisham, M Menoni, CS Marconi, MC Rocca, JJ Chao, W Liddle, JA Anderson, EH Attwood, DT Vinogradov, AV Artioukov, IA Pershyn, YP Kondratenko, VV AF Brizuela, F Vaschenko, G Brewer, C Grisham, M Menoni, CS Marconi, MC Rocca, JJ Chao, W Liddle, JA Anderson, EH Attwood, DT Vinogradov, AV Artioukov, IA Pershyn, YP Kondratenko, VV TI Reflection mode imaging with nanoscale resolution using a compact extreme ultraviolet laser SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY MICROSCOPE; MULTILAYER MIRRORS; SOFT; NM AB We report the demonstration of reflection mode imaging of 100 nm- scale features using 46.9 nm light from a compact capillary- discharge laser. Our imaging system employs a Sc/ Si multilayer coated Schwarzschild condenser and a freestanding zone plate objective. The reported results advance the development of practical and readily available surface and nanostructure imaging tools based on the use of compact sources of extreme ultraviolet light. (C) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Colorado State Univ, NSF, ERC Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NSF, ERC Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117942, Russia. Natl Tech Univ KhPI, Met & Semicond Phys Dept, Kharkov, Ukraine. RP Colorado State Univ, NSF, ERC Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM brizuela@engr.colostate.edu RI Menoni, Carmen/A-3775-2008; Menoni, Carmen/B-4989-2011; Liddle, James/A-4867-2013; Vinogradov, Alexander/M-5331-2015; Artyukov, Igor/B-3105-2009 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910; Artyukov, Igor/0000-0001-7915-697X NR 14 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 30 PY 2005 VL 13 IS 11 BP 3983 EP 3988 DI 10.1364/OPEX.13.003983 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 932DN UT WOS:000229534500010 PM 19495308 ER PT J AU Webb-Robertson, BJM Jarman, KH Harvey, SD Posse, C Wright, BW AF Webb-Robertson, BJM Jarman, KH Harvey, SD Posse, C Wright, BW TI An improved optimization algorithm and a Bayes factor termination criterion for sequential projection pursuit SO CHEMOMETRICS AND INTELLIGENT LABORATORY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE sequential projection pursuit; principal components analysis; Raman spectroscopy; gas chromatography; random scan sampling; Bayes factor criterion ID EXPLORATORY DATA-ANALYSIS; GENETIC ALGORITHMS; MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION; MATHEMATICAL-THEORY; FEATURE-SELECTION; SPECTRAL DATA; COMMUNICATION; SEPARATION; ALIGNMENT AB A fundamental problem in analysis of highly multivariate spectral or chromatographic data is the reduction of dimensionality. Principal components analysis (PCA), concerned with explaining the variance-covariance structure of the data, is a commonly used approach to dimension reduction. Recently, an attractive alternative to PCA, sequential projection pursuit (SPP), has been introduced. Designed to elicit clustering tendencies in the data, SPP may be more appropriate when performing clustering or classification analysis. However, the existing genetic algorithm (GA) implementation of SPP has two shortcomings, computation time and inability to determine the number of factors necessary to explain the majority of the structure in the data. We address both these shortcomings. First, we introduce a new SPP algorithm, a random scan sampling algorithm (RSSA), that significantly reduces computation time. We compare the computational burden of the RSSA and GA implementation for SPP on a data set containing Raman spectra of 12 organic compounds. Second, we propose a Bayes factor criterion, BFC, as an effective measure for selecting the number of factors needed to explain the majority of the structure in the data. We compare SPP to PCA on two data sets varying in type, size, and difficulty; in both cases, SPP achieves a higher accuracy with a lower number of latent variables. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Webb-Robertson, BJM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,K5-12, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Bobbie-Jo.Webb-Robertson@pnl.gov NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7439 J9 CHEMOMETR INTELL LAB JI Chemometrics Intell. Lab. Syst. PD MAY 28 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 1-2 BP 149 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.chemolab.2004.09.014 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA 936JM UT WOS:000229851300017 ER PT J AU Wilson, D Aster, R Ni, J Grand, S West, M Gao, W Baldridge, WS Semken, S AF Wilson, D Aster, R Ni, J Grand, S West, M Gao, W Baldridge, WS Semken, S TI Imaging the seismic structure of the crust and upper mantle beneath the Great Plains, Rio Grande Rift, and Colorado Plateau using receiver functions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; LEHMANN DISCONTINUITY; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; NEW-MEXICO; P-WAVE; LITHOSPHERE; SHEAR; CONSTRAINTS; TRANSITION AB The seismic structure of the crust and upper mantle of the southwestern United States is examined using receiver functions calculated from teleseismic arrivals recorded in the Colorado Plateau-Rio Grande Rift-Great Plains Seismic Transect (LA RISTRA) experiment. We apply receiver function estimation and filtering methods developed by Wilson and Aster (2005) to produce receiver functions with decreased sensitivity to noise and deconvolutional instability. Crustal thickness and V-p/V-s ratios are estimated using both direct and reverberated P-to-S receiver function modes. We apply regularized receiver function migration methods to produce a multiple-suppressed image of the velocity discontinuity structure of the subsurface. Our results show that crustal thickness averages 44.1 +/- 2.3 km beneath the Great Plains (GP) and 45.6 +/- 1.1 km beneath the Colorado Plateau (CP). Crustal thinning beneath the Rio Grande Rift (RGR) is broadly symmetric about the rift axis, with the thinnest crust (35 km) located directly beneath the rift axis, suggesting a pure shear stretched lithosphere beneath the RGR. We also observe a prominent northwest dipping discontinuity, ranging from 65 to 85 km deep beneath the CP, and possible subcrustal discontinuities beneath the GP. These discontinuities, along with recent xenolith data, are consistent with preserved ancient lithospheric structures such as relict suture zones associated with Proterozoic subduction. We observe an upper mantle discontinuity at 220-300 km depth that may correlate with similar discontinuities observed beneath eastern North America. We also observe relatively flat discontinuities at 410 and 660 km depth, indicating there is not a large-scale thermal anomaly beneath the RGR at these depths. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Geophys Res Ctr, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Univ Texas, Dept Geol Sci, 1 Univ Stn C1100, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM davew@geo.utexas.edu RI Grand, Stephen/B-4238-2011; Aster, Richard/E-5067-2013 OI Aster, Richard/0000-0002-0821-4906 NR 65 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY 28 PY 2005 VL 110 IS B5 AR B05306 DI 10.1029/2004JB003492 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 935JJ UT WOS:000229777100004 ER PT J AU Asnin, L Galinada, W Gotmar, G Guiochon, G AF Asnin, L Galinada, W Gotmar, G Guiochon, G TI Calibration of a detector for nonlinear chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE adsorption data; calibration curve; detector response ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY AB In many studies of nonlinear or preparative chromatography, chromatographic signals must be recorded for relatively concentrated solutions and the detectors, that are designed for analytical applications and are highly sensitive, must be used under such experimental conditions that their responses are often nonlinear. Then, a calibration curve is needed to derive the actual concentration profiles of the eluates from the measured detector response. It becomes necessary to derive a relationship between the concentration of the eluent and the detector signal at any given time. The simplest approach consists in preparing a series of solutions of known concentrations and in flushing them successively through the detector cell, recording the height of the plateau response obtained. However, this method requires relatively large amounts of the pure solutes being studied and these are not always available or they may be most costly, although these solutions can be recovered. We describe and validate an alternative procedure providing this calibration from a series of peaks recorded upon the injection of increasingly large pulses of the studied compound. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, 552 Buehler Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu OI Asnin, Leonid/0000-0001-6309-6140 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAY 27 PY 2005 VL 1076 IS 1-2 BP 141 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.04.030 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 932JW UT WOS:000229551000018 PM 15974080 ER PT J AU Shiokawa, K Shinohara, I Mukai, T Hayakawa, H Cheng, CZ AF Shiokawa, K Shinohara, I Mukai, T Hayakawa, H Cheng, CZ TI Magnetic field fluctuations during substorm-associated dipolarizations in the nightside plasma sheet around X=-10 R-E SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TAIL CURRENT DISRUPTION; LOW-FREQUENCY WAVES; NEAR-EARTH TAIL; COMPRESSIONAL WAVES; GEOTAIL SATELLITE; ION FLOW; MAGNETOTAIL; AMPTE/CCE; MODEL; ONSET AB Using high-time-resolution data for the magnetic field (1/16 s), plasma moment (12 s), and electric field (3 s) obtained by Geotail, we have investigated various characteristics of magnetic field fluctuations for 21 events of substorm-associated near-Earth dipolarization at X-GSM = -8 similar to -11 R-E and vertical bar Y(GSM)vertical bar < 5 R-E. The dipolarizations were always accompanied by fluctuations of the magnetic field. The amplitude of the fluctuations tends to be larger for smaller ambient magnetic field. For several events we found that magnetic field elevation angles show rapid decrease prior to the rapid increase (features like explosive growth phase). Compressional fluctuations of magnetic field intensity B show characteristic spikes of a sudden decrease and increase with a timescale of seconds. For quite a few cases the fluctuations are accompanied by enhancements of earthward plasma velocity. The spectral shape of the B fluctuations had a steeper slope (f(-2.7)) at higher frequency range at 1.0-0.2 Hz than at 0.01-0.2 Hz (f(-2.0)) for the events closer to the cross-tail current sheet (smaller ambient-B region). We found that the steeper slope extends to lower frequency range below 0.2 Hz for the events away from the current sheet (larger ambient-B region). This fact may suggest transition from three-dimensional to two-dimensional turbulence from smaller B to larger B region. We also investigated correlation of fluctuations in plasma velocity and magnetic field for waves with periods around 60 s. The correlations were rather weak, suggesting that non-MHD plasma processes are going on. For these waves, the magnetic and plasma pressure variations were clearly antiphase. C1 Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Toyokawa 4428507, Japan. Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Toyokawa 4428507, Japan. EM shiokawa@stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp; iku@stp.isas.jaxa.jp; fcheng@pppl.gov RI Cheng, Chio/K-1005-2014 NR 44 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 27 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A5 AR A05212 DI 10.1029/2004JA010378 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 935JM UT WOS:000229777500001 ER PT J AU Goulding, CW Apostol, MI Sawaya, MR Phillips, M Parseghian, A Eisenberg, D AF Goulding, CW Apostol, MI Sawaya, MR Phillips, M Parseghian, A Eisenberg, D TI Regulation by oligomerization in a mycobacterial folate biosynthetic enzyme SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; X-ray crystallography; allosteric regulation; 7,8-dihydroneopterin aldolase ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DIHYDRONEOPTERIN ALDOLASE; 7,8-DIHYDRONEOPTERIN ALDOLASE; PROTEIN STRUCTURES; TETRAHYDROFOLATE; INHIBITORS; CELLS AB Folate derivatives are essential cofactors in the biosynthesis of purines, pyrimidines and amino acids across all forms of life. Mammals uptake folate from their diets, whereas most bacteria must synthesize folate de novo. Therefore, the enzymes in the folate biosynthetic pathway are attractive drug targets against bacterial pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the cause of the world's most deadly infectious disease, tuberculosis (TB). M. tuberculosis 7,8-dihydroneopterin aldolase (Mtb FolB, DHNA) is the second enzyme in the folate biosynthetic pathway, which catalyzes the conversion of 7,8-dihydroneopterin to 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin and glycoaldehyde. The 1.6 X-ray crystal structure of Mtb FolB complexed with its product, 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin, reveals an octameric assembly similar to that seen in crystal structures of other FolB homologs. However, the 2.5 crystal structure of unliganded Mtb FolB reveals a novel tetrameric oligomerization state, with only partially formed active sites. A substrate induced conformational change appears to be necessary to convert the inactive tetramer to the active octamer. Ultracentrifugation confirmed that in solution unliganded Mtb FolB is mainly tetrameric and upon addition of substrate FolB is predominantly octameric. Kinetic analysis of substrate binding gives a Hill coefficient of 2.0, indicating positive cooperativity. We hypothesize that Mtb FolB displays cooperativity in substrate binding to regulate the cellular concentration of 7,8-diliydroneopterin, so that it may function not only as a precursor to folate but also as an antioxidant for the survival of M. tuberculosis against host defenses. 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE, Inst Mol Biol, Inst Genom & Proteom, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Eisenberg, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE, Inst Mol Biol, Inst Genom & Proteom, POB 951570, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM david@mbi.ucla.edu OI Sawaya, Michael/0000-0003-0874-9043 FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01 AI-75320] NR 24 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD MAY 27 PY 2005 VL 349 IS 1 BP 61 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.03.023 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 929EO UT WOS:000229325100005 PM 15876368 ER PT J AU Thanos, PK Rivera, SN Weaver, K Grandy, DK Rubinstein, M Umegaki, H Wang, GJ Hitzemann, R Volkow, ND AF Thanos, PK Rivera, SN Weaver, K Grandy, DK Rubinstein, M Umegaki, H Wang, GJ Hitzemann, R Volkow, ND TI Dopamine D2R DNA transfer in dopamine D2 receptor-deficient mice: Effects on ethanol drinking SO LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE alcoholism; addiction; gene therapy; associative learning ID ALCOHOL-DRINKING; KNOCKOUT MICE; GENE-THERAPY; NONPREFERRING RATS; D-2 RECEPTOR; BRAIN; REWARD; CONSUMPTION; PREDICTION; PREFERENCE AB Dopamine (DA) signals are transmitted via specific receptors including the D2 receptors (D2R). Previous studies have shown that D2R upregulation in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) attenuated alcohol consumption. We hypothesized that upregulation of D2R in the NAc would significantly influence alcohol drinking. We tested this hypothesis by determining the effect that D2R upregulation has on alcohol intake in genetically altered mice lacking D2Rs. After a steady baseline of drinking behavior was established for all mice, a null vector or a genetically modified adenoviral vector containing the rat D2R cDNA was infused into the NAc of wild-type (Drd2+/+), heterozygous (Drd2+/-), and receptor-deficient mice (Drd2-/-). Ethanol intake and preference were then determined using the two-bottle choice paradigm. Our results indicated that Drd2+/+ mice treated with the D2R vector significantly attenuated (58 %) their ethanol intake as well as reduced preference. Drd2+/- and mutant mice showed a similar attenuation, although the change was not as marked (12 %) and did not last as long. In contrast, Drd2-/- mice treated with the D2R vector displayed a temporary but significant increase (46 %) in ethanol intake and preference (consumption). These results supported the notion that the D2R plays an important role in alcohol consumption in mice and suggest that a key threshold range of D2R levels is associated with elevated alcohol consumption. Significant deviations in D2R levels from this range could impact alcohol consumption, and could help to explain possible individual variations in alcohol response, metabolism, sensitivity and consumption. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Behav Neurosci, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, INGEBI, CONICET, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Fisiol Biol Mol & Celular, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Nagoya Univ, Dept Geriatr, Sch Med, Aichi 4668550, Japan. RP Thanos, PK (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM thanos@bnl.gov FU NIAAA NIH HHS [AA 11034, AA07611, AA07574]; NIDA NIH HHS [DA12062]; NIMH NIH HHS [MH66360, MH67497] NR 41 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0024-3205 J9 LIFE SCI JI Life Sci. PD MAY 27 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 2 BP 130 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.10.061 PG 10 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 925IR UT WOS:000229047300002 PM 15862598 ER PT J AU Forster, A Masters, EI Whitby, FG Robinson, H Hill, CP AF Forster, A Masters, EI Whitby, FG Robinson, H Hill, CP TI The 1.9 A structure of a proteasome-11S activator complex and implications for proteasome-PAN/PA700 interactions SO MOLECULAR CELL LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-DENSITY MAPS; 20S PROTEASOME; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MULTICATALYTIC PROTEINASE; MOLECULAR CHAPERONE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; 20-S PROTEASOME; CORE PARTICLE; REG-ALPHA; PA28 AB Proteasomes are cylindrical structures that function in multiple cellular processes by degrading a wide variety of cytosolic and nuclear proteins. Substrate access and product release from the enclosed catalytic chamber occurs through axial pores that are opened by activator complexes. Here, we report high-resolution structures of wild-type and mutant archaeal proteasomes bound to the activator PA26. These structures support the proposal that an ordered open conformation is required for proteolysis and that its formation can be triggered by outward displacement of surrounding residues. The structures and associated biochemical assays reveal the mechanism of binding, which involves an interaction between the PA26 C terminus and a conserved lysine. Surprisingly, biochemical observations implicate an equivalent interaction for the unrelated ATP-dependent activators PAN and PA700. C1 Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hill, CP (reprint author), Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. EM chris@biochem.utah.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM59135, R01 GM059135] NR 52 TC 134 Z9 141 U1 0 U2 2 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1097-2765 J9 MOL CELL JI Mol. Cell PD MAY 27 PY 2005 VL 18 IS 5 BP 589 EP 599 DI 10.1016/j.molcel.2005.04.016 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 932CU UT WOS:000229532600009 PM 15916965 ER PT J AU Barre, J Bishop, AR Lookman, T Saxena, A AF Barre, J Bishop, AR Lookman, T Saxena, A TI Adaptability and "intermediate phase" in randomly connected networks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CAVITY METHOD; RIGIDITY; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITIONS; PERCOLATION; GLASSES; GRAPHS AB We present a simple model that enables us to analytically characterize a floppy to rigid transition and an associated self-adaptive intermediate phase in a random bond network. In this intermediate phase, the network adapts itself to lower the stress due to constraints. Our simulations verify this picture. We use these insights to identify applications of these ideas in computational problems such as vertex cover and K-satisfiability. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Barre, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jbarre@cnls.lanl.gov NR 18 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 27 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 20 AR 208701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.208701 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 930EH UT WOS:000229398100069 PM 16090295 ER PT J AU Borzsonyi, T Halsey, TC Ecke, RE AF Borzsonyi, T Halsey, TC Ecke, RE TI Two scenarios for avalanche dynamics in inclined granular layers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FLOW; SURFACE; DISCRETE AB We report experimental measurements of avalanche behavior of thin granular layers on an inclined plane for low volume flow rate. The dynamical properties of avalanches were quantitatively and qualitatively different for smooth glass beads compared to irregular granular materials such as sand. Two scenarios for granular avalanches on an incline are identified, and a theoretical explanation for these different scenarios is developed based on a depth-averaged approach that takes into account the differing rheologies of the granular materials. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Res Inst Solid State Phys & Opt, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. ExxonMobil Res & Engn, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. RP Borzsonyi, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM btamas@szfki.hu OI Ecke, Robert/0000-0001-7772-5876 NR 28 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 27 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 20 AR 208001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.208001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 930EH UT WOS:000229398100064 PM 16090290 ER PT J AU de Teramond, GF Brodsky, SJ AF de Teramond, GF Brodsky, SJ TI Hadronic spectrum of a holographic dual of QCD SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We compute the spectrum of light hadrons in a holographic dual of QCD defined on AdS(5)xS(5) which has conformal behavior at short distances and confinement at large interquark separation. Specific hadrons are identified by the correspondence of string modes with the dimension of the interpolating operator of the hadron's valence Fock state. Higher orbital excitations are matched quanta to quanta with fluctuations about the AdS background. Since only one parameter, the QCD scale Lambda(QCD), is used, the agreement with the pattern of physical states is remarkable. In particular, the ratio of delta to nucleon trajectories is determined by the ratio of zeros of Bessel functions. C1 Univ Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP de Teramond, GF (reprint author), Univ Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica. NR 26 TC 253 Z9 253 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 27 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 20 AR 201601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.201601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 930EH UT WOS:000229398100009 PM 16090235 ER PT J AU Lu, ZY Zhang, XG Pantelides, ST AF Lu, ZY Zhang, XG Pantelides, ST TI Spin-dependent resonant tunneling through quantum-well states in magnetic metallic thin films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; JUNCTIONS AB Quantum-well (QW) states in nonmagnetic metal films between magnetic layers are known to be important in spin-dependent transport, but QW states in magnetic films remains elusive. Here we identify the conditions for resonant tunneling through QW states in magnetic films and report first principles calculations of Fe/MgO/FeO/Fe/Cr and Co/MgO/Fe/Cr. We show that, at resonance, the current increases by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude. The tunneling magnetoresistance ratio is much larger than in simple spin tunnel junctions and is positive (negative) for majority- (minority-) spin resonances, with a large asymmetry between positive and negative biases. The results can serve as a basis for novel spintronic devices. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI 上官, 敏慧/E-8964-2012 NR 15 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 27 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 20 AR 207210 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.207210 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 930EH UT WOS:000229398100060 PM 16090286 ER PT J AU Martinez, AJG Lopez-Urrutia, JRC Braun, J Brenner, G Bruhns, H Lapierre, A Mironov, V Orts, RS Tawara, H Trinczek, M Ullrich, J Scofield, JH AF Martinez, AJG Lopez-Urrutia, JRC Braun, J Brenner, G Bruhns, H Lapierre, A Mironov, V Orts, RS Tawara, H Trinczek, M Ullrich, J Scofield, JH TI State-selective quantum interference observed in the recombination of highly charged Hg75+center dot 78+ mercury ions in an electron beam ion trap SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-RECOMBINATION; DIELECTRONIC RECOMBINATION; URANIUM IONS; RESONANCE AB We present experimental data on the state-selective quantum interference between different pathways of photorecombination, namely, radiative and dielectronic recombination, in the KLL resonances of highly charged mercury ions. The interference, observed for well resolved electronic states in the Heidelberg electron beam ion trap, manifests itself in the asymmetry of line shapes, characterized by "Fano factors," which have been determined with unprecedented precision, as well as their excitation energies, for several strong dielectronic resonances. C1 Max Planck Inst Nucl Phys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Max Planck Inst Nucl Phys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RI Crespo Lopez-Urrutia, Jose R./F-7069-2011; Gonzalez Martinez, Antonio Javier/G-8126-2016 OI Crespo Lopez-Urrutia, Jose R./0000-0002-2937-8037; Gonzalez Martinez, Antonio Javier/0000-0001-6742-5626 NR 22 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 27 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 20 AR 203201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.203201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 930EH UT WOS:000229398100018 ER PT J AU Moretto, LG Bugaev, KA Elliott, JB Ghetti, R Helgesson, J Phair, L AF Moretto, LG Bugaev, KA Elliott, JB Ghetti, R Helgesson, J Phair, L TI The complement: A solution to liquid drop finite size effects in phase transitions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE HEAT-CAPACITY; ISING-MODEL; BEHAVIOR; LATTICE; NUCLEATION; CLUSTER AB The effects of the finite size of a liquid drop undergoing a phase transition are described in terms of the complement, the largest (but mesoscopic) drop representing the liquid in equilibrium with the vapor. Vapor cluster concentrations, pressure, and density from fixed mean density lattice gas (Ising) calculations are explained in terms of the complement generalization of Fisher's model. Accounting for this finite size effect is important for extracting the infinite nuclear matter phase diagram from experimental data. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. Malmo Univ, Sch Technol & Soc, Malmo, Sweden. RP Moretto, LG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 27 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 20 AR 202701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.202701 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 930EH UT WOS:000229398100014 PM 16090240 ER PT J AU Schroder, C Schmidt, HJ Schnack, J Luban, M AF Schroder, C Schmidt, HJ Schnack, J Luban, M TI Metamagnetic phase transition of the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg icosahedron SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SIMULATIONS; MAGNETS AB The observation of hysteresis effects in single molecule magnets like Mn-12-acetate has initiated ideas of future applications in storage technology. The appearance of a hysteresis loop in such compounds is an outcome of their magnetic anisotropy. In this Letter we report that magnetic hysteresis occurs in a spin system without any anisotropy, specifically where spins mounted on the vertices of an icosahedron are coupled by antiferromagnetic isotropic nearest-neighbor Heisenberg interaction giving rise to geometric frustration. At T=0 this system undergoes a first-order metamagnetic phase transition at a critical field B-c between two distinct families of ground state configurations. The metastable phase of the system is characterized by a temperature and field dependent survival probability distribution. C1 Univ Appl Sci Bielefeld, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, D-33602 Bielefeld, Germany. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Osnabruck, Fachbereich Phys, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Schroder, C (reprint author), Univ Appl Sci Bielefeld, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, D-33602 Bielefeld, Germany. EM schroder@ameslab.gov RI Schnack, Jurgen/A-4079-2008 OI Schnack, Jurgen/0000-0003-0702-2723 NR 16 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 27 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 20 AR 207203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.207203 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 930EH UT WOS:000229398100053 PM 16090279 ER PT J AU Mills, E AF Mills, E TI Environment - The specter of fuel-based lighting SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mills, E (reprint author), US DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MS 90-4000, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM emills@lbl.gov NR 22 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 27 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 5726 BP 1263 EP 1264 DI 10.1126/science.1113090 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 931JT UT WOS:000229482300030 PM 15919979 ER PT J AU Perlo, J Demas, V Casanova, F Meriles, CA Reimer, J Pines, A Blumich, B AF Perlo, J Demas, V Casanova, F Meriles, CA Reimer, J Pines, A Blumich, B TI High-resolution NMR spectroscopy with a portable single-sided sensor SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPECTRA; FIELDS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Tech Chem & Makromol Chem, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CUNY City Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Demas, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM vdemas@berkeley.edu; bluemich@mc.rwth-aachen.de OI Bluemich, Bernhard/0000-0002-1152-4438 NR 7 TC 116 Z9 120 U1 4 U2 31 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 27 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 5726 BP 1279 EP 1279 DI 10.1126/science.1108944 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 931JT UT WOS:000229482300037 PM 15817815 ER PT J AU Mazzali, PA Kawabata, KS Maeda, K Nomoto, K Filippenko, AV Ramirez-Ruiz, E Benetti, S Pian, E Deng, JS Tominaga, N Ohyama, Y Iye, M Foley, RJ Matheson, T Wang, LF Gal-Yam, A AF Mazzali, PA Kawabata, KS Maeda, K Nomoto, K Filippenko, AV Ramirez-Ruiz, E Benetti, S Pian, E Deng, JS Tominaga, N Ohyama, Y Iye, M Foley, RJ Matheson, T Wang, LF Gal-Yam, A TI An asymmetric energetic type Ic supernova viewed off-axis, and a link to gamma ray bursts SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID 25 APRIL 1998; SN 1998BW; SPECTROSCOPY; EXPLOSIONS; PHOTOMETRY; GRB-030329; SPECTRA; 2003DH AB Type Ic supernovae, the explosions after the core collapse of massive stars that have previously lost their hydrogen and helium envelopes, are particularly interesting because of their link with long-duration gamma ray bursts. Although indications exist that these explosions are aspherical, direct evidence has been missing. Late-time observations of supernova SN 2003jd, a luminous type Ic supernova, provide such evidence. Recent Subaru and Keck spectra reveal double-peaked profiles in the nebular lines of neutral oxygen and magnesium. These profiles are different from those of known type Ic supernovae, with or without a gamma ray burst, and they can be understood if SN 2003jd was an aspherical axisymmetric explosion viewed from near the equatorial plane. If SN 2003jd was associated with a gamma ray burst, we missed the burst because it was pointing away from us. C1 Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Osserv Astron Trieste, INAF, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Arts & Sci, Dept Earth Sci & Astron, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1538902, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Osserv Astron Padova, INAF, I-35122 Padua, Italy. CAS, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Dept Infrared Astrophys, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Natl Astron Observ, Opt & Infrared Astron Div, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Grad Univ Adv Studies, Sch Phys Sci, Dept Astron Sci, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Mazzali, PA (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. EM mazzali@ts.astro.it; nomoto@astron.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp NR 30 TC 127 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 27 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 5726 BP 1284 EP 1287 DI 10.1126/science.1111384 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 931JT UT WOS:000229482300039 PM 15919986 ER PT J AU El Gabaly, F Ling, WLW McCarty, KF de la Figuera, J AF El Gabaly, F Ling, WLW McCarty, KF de la Figuera, J TI The importance of threading dislocations on the motion of domain boundaries in thin films SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EMBEDDED-ATOM-METHOD; CU FILMS; METAL; SURFACES; RU(0001); MICROSCOPY; CRYSTAL; EPITAXY; GROWTH; COPPER AB Thin films often present domain structures whose detailed evolution is a subject of debate. We analyze the evolution of copper films, which contain both rotational and stacking domains, on ruthenium. Real-time observation by low-energy electron microscopy shows that the stacking domains evolve in a seemingly complex way. Not only do the stacking boundaries move in preferred directions, but their motion is extremely uneven and they become stuck when they reach rotational boundaries. We show that this behavior occurs because the stacking-boundary motion is impeded by threading dislocations. This study underscores how the coarse-scale evolution of thin films can be controlled by defects. C1 Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP de la Figuera, J (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. EM juan.delafiguera@uam.es RI de la Figuera, Juan/E-7046-2010; McCarty, Kevin/F-9368-2012; Ling, Wai Li/F-9823-2012 OI de la Figuera, Juan/0000-0002-7014-4777; McCarty, Kevin/0000-0002-8601-079X; Ling, Wai Li/0000-0002-4264-5750 NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 27 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 5726 BP 1303 EP 1305 DI 10.1126/science.1109889 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 931JT UT WOS:000229482300045 PM 15919991 ER PT J AU Ramadoss, R Sundaram, A Feldner, LM AF Ramadoss, R Sundaram, A Feldner, LM TI RF MEMS phase shifters based on PCB MEMS technology SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SWITCHES AB An X-band main-line type loaded line RF MEMS phase shifter fabricated using printed circuit based MEMS technology is reported. The phase shifter provides a phase shift of 31.6 degrees with a minimum insertion loss of 0.56 dB at 9 GHz for an applied DC bias voltage of 40 V These phase shifters are suitable for monolithic integration with low-cost phased arrays on Teflon or Polyimide such as low dielectric constant substrates. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Ramadoss, R (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM richas@csee.wvu.edu NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD MAY 26 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 11 BP 654 EP 656 DI 10.1049/el:20051074 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 934ZO UT WOS:000229748400022 ER PT J AU Laskin, A Wietsma, TW Krueger, BJ Grassian, VH AF Laskin, A Wietsma, TW Krueger, BJ Grassian, VH TI Heterogeneous chemistry of individual mineral dust particles with nitric acid: A combined CCSEM/EDX, ESEM, and ICP-MS study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-MICROANALYSIS; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; ASIAN DUST; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; AEROSOL; ISLAND; MODEL; KOREA AB [ 1] The heterogeneous chemistry of individual dust particles from four authentic dust samples with gas phase nitric acid was investigated in this combined computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray (CCSEM/EDX) analysis, environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) study. Morphology and compositional changes of individual particles as they react with nitric acid were observed using conventional scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and CCSEM/EDX. ESEM was utilized to investigate the hygroscopic behavior of mineral dust particles reacted with nitric acid. Differences in the reactivity of mineral dust particles from these four different dust source regions with nitric acid were observed. Mineral dust from source regions containing high levels of calcium, namely, China loess dust and Saudi coastal dust, were found to react to the greatest extent. In particular, we show that calcium carbonate rich dust aerosols may exhibit continuous, extensive reactivity with nitric acid resulting in formation of highly hygroscopic calcium nitrate particles. Transformation of dry mineral dust into an aqueous liquid aerosol has a tremendous impact on its light scattering properties, ability to modify clouds, heterogeneous chemistry, and gas to particle partitioning in the atmosphere. ICP-MS was used to estimate maximal extent of possible CaCO3-to-Ca(NO3)(2) conversion in the mineral dust samples. We show that in China loess dust and Saudi coastal dust aerosols, formation of calcium nitrate particles can take place at the total extent as high as similar to 20 - 40 wt %. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Laskin, A (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM alexander.laskin@pnl.gov; vicki-grassian@uiowa.edu RI Laskin, Alexander/I-2574-2012 OI Laskin, Alexander/0000-0002-7836-8417 NR 53 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 6 U2 46 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 26 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D10 AR D10208 DI 10.1029/2004JD005206 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 935IT UT WOS:000229775200002 ER PT J AU Hu, DH Lu, HP AF Hu, DH Lu, HP TI Single-molecule triplet-state photon antibunching at room temperature SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Letter ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER; FLUORESCENCE; STATISTICS; COMPLEXES; DYE; DISTRIBUTIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; OXYGEN AB We have probed single-molecule metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) dynamics of a ruthenium complex at room temperature. Using photon antibunching measurements under continuous wave (CW) laser excitation, nonclassical photon statistics, and excitation power dependent measurements, we were able to selectively measure the single-molecule MLCT state lifetime. This work demonstrated, as the first single-molecule photon antibunching measurement of the triplet excited state, a new application of single-molecule spectroscopy on excited-state dynamics and ground-state recovering dynamics of an important class of chemical species that have often been used and studied in energy conversion and electron transfer. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lu, HP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM peter.lu@pni.gov RI Hu, Dehong/B-4650-2010 OI Hu, Dehong/0000-0002-3974-2963 NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 26 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 20 BP 9861 EP 9864 DI 10.1021/jp051468x PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 928UG UT WOS:000229296600002 PM 16852191 ER PT J AU Wilson, KR Cavalleri, M Rude, BS Schaller, RD Catalano, T Nilsson, A Saykally, RJ Pettersson, LGM AF Wilson, KR Cavalleri, M Rude, BS Schaller, RD Catalano, T Nilsson, A Saykally, RJ Pettersson, LGM TI X-ray absorption spectroscopy of liquid methanol microjets: Bulk electronic structure and hydrogen bonding network SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID CORE-LEVEL SPECTROSCOPY; OXYGEN K-EDGE; FINE-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CORRELATION-ENERGY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; WATER CLUSTERS; GAS-PHASE; DENSITY; ICE AB We have measured the X-ray absorption (XA) spectrum of liquid (298 K) methanol at the oxygen and carbon K edges. The 4a(1) orbital at the O K edge exhibits a pronounced sensitivity to the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds, with significant differences observed between the vapor and bulk spectra, whereas the C K edge reveals only subtle corresponding spectral changes. Comparison with DFT computed spectra of model methanol clusters indicates that the bulk liquid comprises long chains (n > 6) and rings of hydrogen-bonded monomers. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, FYSIKUM, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Saykally, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM saykally@uclink4.berkeley.edu; lgm@physto.se RI Cavalleri, Matteo/A-7689-2008; Nilsson, Anders/E-1943-2011; Pettersson, Lars/J-4925-2013; Pettersson, Lars/F-8428-2011 OI Nilsson, Anders/0000-0003-1968-8696; Pettersson, Lars/0000-0003-1133-9934; NR 46 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 26 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 20 BP 10194 EP 10203 DI 10.1021/jp049278u PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 928UG UT WOS:000229296600047 PM 16852236 ER PT J AU Creutz, C Brunschwig, BS Sutin, N AF Creutz, C Brunschwig, BS Sutin, N TI Interfacial charge-transfer absorption: Semiclassical treatment SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER REACTIONS; TERMINATED ALKANETHIOL MONOLAYERS; COUPLING MATRIX-ELEMENTS; SURFACE COMPLEXATION; TIO2 NANOPARTICLES; SEMICONDUCTOR/LIQUID INTERFACES; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; NANOCRYSTALLINE TIO2; LARGE OVERPOTENTIALS; SEQUENTIAL FORMULA AB Optically induced charge transfer between adsorbed molecules and a metal electrode was predicted by Hush to lead to new electronic absorption features but has not been experimentally observed. However, Gerischer characterized photocurrents arising from such absorption between adsorbed metal atoms and semiconductor conduction bands. Interfacial charge-transfer absorption (IFCTA) provides information concerning the barriers to charge transfer between molecules and the metal/semiconductor and the magnitude of the electronic coupling and could thus provide a powerful tool for understanding interfacial charge-transfer kinetics. Here we provide a framework for modeling and predicting IFCTA spectra. The key feature of optical charge transfer to or from a band of electronic levels (taken to have a constant density of states and electronic coupling element) is that the absorption probability reaches half intensity lambda + Delta G(theta), where lambda and Delta G(theta) are the reorganization energy and free-energy gap for the optical charge transfer, attains > 90% intensity lambda + Delta G(theta) + 0.9 root 4 lambda(B)T, and remains essentially constant until the top (bottom) level of the band is attained. However, when the electronic coupling and transition moment are assumed to be independent of photon energy (Mulliken-Hush model), a peaked, highly asymmetric absorption profile is predicted. We conclude that, in general, the electronic coupling between molecular adsorbates and the metal levels is so small that absorption is not detectable, whereas for semiconductors there may be intense features involving coupling to surface states. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CALTECH, Beckman Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Creutz, C (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM cereutz@bnl.gov; bsb@caltech.edu; sutin@bnl.gov RI Brunschwig, Bruce/G-4249-2011 NR 74 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 26 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 20 BP 10251 EP 10260 DI 10.1021/jp050259+ PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 928UG UT WOS:000229296600053 PM 16852242 ER PT J AU Xu, B Lynn, GW Guo, J Melnichenko, YB Wignall, GD McClain, JB DeSimone, JM Johnson, CS AF Xu, B Lynn, GW Guo, J Melnichenko, YB Wignall, GD McClain, JB DeSimone, JM Johnson, CS TI NMR and SANS studies of aggregation and microemulsion formation by phosphorus fluorosurfactants in liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; REVERSE MICELLES; PHOSPHATE FLUOROSURFACTANTS; PROTON-TRANSFER; AQUEOUS ACID; WATER; DIFFUSION; SURFACTANTS; SPECTROSCOPY AB H-1 NMR relaxation and diffusion studies were performed on water-in-CO2 (W/C) microemulsion systems formed with phosphorus fluorosurfactants of bis[2-(F-hexyl)ethyl] phosphate salts (DiF(8)), having different counterions (Na+, NH4+, N(CH3)(4)(+)) by means of high-pressure in situ NMR. Water has a low solubility in CO2 and is mainly solubilized by the microemulsion droplets formed with surfactants added to CO2 and water mixtures. There is rapid exchange of water between the bulk CO2 and the microemulsion droplets; however, NMR relaxation measurements show that the entrapped water has restricted motion, and there is little "free" water in the core. Counterions entrapped by the droplets are mostly associated with the surfactant headgroups: diffusion measurements show that counterions and the surfactant molecules move together with a diffusion coefficient that is associated with the droplet. The outer shell of the microemulsion droplets consists of the surfactant tails with some associated CO2. For W/C microemulsions formed with the phosphate-based surfactant having the ammonia counterion (A-DiF(8)), the 1H NMR signal for NH4+ shows a much larger diffusion coefficient than that of the surfactant tails. This apparent paradox is explained on the basis of proton exchange between water and the ammonium ion. The observed dependence of the relaxation time (T-2) on W-0 (mole ratio of water to surfactant in the droplets) for water and NH4+ can also be explained by this exchange model. The average hydrodynamic radius of A-DiF(8) microemulsion droplets estimated from NMR diffusion measurements (25 degrees C, 206 bar, W-0 = 5) was Rh = 2.0 nm. Assuming the theoretical ratio of R-g/R-h = 0.775 for a solid sphere, where R-g is the radius of gyration, the equivalent hydrodynamic radius from SANS is R-h = 1.87 nm. The radii measured by the two techniques are in reasonable agreement, as the two techniques are weighted to measure somewhat different parts of the micelle structure. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Neutron Scattering, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Micell Technol Inc, Raleigh, NC 27617 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Johnson, CS (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM charles_johnson@unc.edu OI Wignall, George/0000-0002-3876-3244 NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 26 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 20 BP 10261 EP 10269 DI 10.1021/jp0580322 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 928UG UT WOS:000229296600054 PM 16852243 ER PT J AU Azad, S Engelhard, MH Wang, LQ AF Azad, S Engelhard, MH Wang, LQ TI Adsorption and reaction of CO and CO2 on oxidized and reduced SrTiO3(100) surfaces SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-PROGRAMMED DESORPTION; RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; AUGER-ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY; DEFECTIVE TIO2(110); 1ST PRINCIPLES; VAPOR WATER; TIO2; H2O; NO; SRTIO3(001) AB The adsorption and reaction of CO and CO2 on oxidized and reduced SrTiO3(100) surfaces have been studied with temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS results indicate that the oxidized SrTiO3(100) surfaces are nearly defect-free with predominantly Ti4+ ions whereas the sputter-reduced surfaces contain substantial amounts of defects. Both CO and CO2 are found to adsorb weakly on the oxidized SrTiO3(100) surfaces. On sputter-reduced surfaces, enhanced reactivity of CO and CO2 is observed due to the presence of oxygen vacancy sites, which are responsible for dissociative adsorption of these molecules. Our studies indicate that the CO and CO2 molecules exhibit relatively weaker interactions with SrTiO3(100) compared to those with TiO2(100) and TiO2(100) surfaces. This is most likely an influence of the Sr cations on the electronic structure of the Ti cations in the mixed oxide of SrTiO3. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Labs, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Wang, LQ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM lq.wang@pnl.gov RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; OI Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 32 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 26 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 20 BP 10327 EP 10331 DI 10.1021/jp045864b PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 928UG UT WOS:000229296600062 PM 16852251 ER PT J AU Daschbach, JL Dohnalek, Z Liu, SR Smith, RS Kay, BD AF Daschbach, JL Dohnalek, Z Liu, SR Smith, RS Kay, BD TI Water adsorption, desorption, and clustering on FeO(111) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS SOLID WATER; SURFACE-STRUCTURE; ICE FILMS; CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; OXIDE SURFACES; THIN-FILMS; PT(111); GROWTH; FE3O4(111) AB The adsorption of water on FeO(111) is investigated using temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS). Well-ordered 2 ML thick FeO(111) films are grown epitaxially on a Pt(111) substrate. Water adsorbs molecularly on FeO(111) and desorbs with a well resolved monolayer peak. IRAS measurements as a function of coverage are performed for water deposited at 30 and 135 K. For all coverages (0.2 ML and greater), the adsorbed water exhibits significant hydrogen bonding. Differences in IRAS spectra for water adsorbed at 30 and 135 K are subtle but suggest that water adsorbed at 135 K is well ordered. Monolayer nitrogen TPD spectra from water covered FeO(111) surfaces are used to investigate the clustering of the water as a function of deposition or annealing temperature. Temperature dependent water overlayer structures result from differences in water diffusion rates on bare FeO(111) and on water adsorbed on FeO(111). Features in the nitrogen TPD spectra allow the monolayer wetting and 2-dimensional (2D) ordering of water on FeO(111) to be followed. Voids in a partially disordered first water layer exist for water deposited below 120 K and ordered 2D islands are found when depositing water above 120 K. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kay, BD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,Mail Stop K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Bruce.Kay@pnl.gov RI Smith, Scott/G-2310-2015; OI Smith, Scott/0000-0002-7145-1963; Dohnalek, Zdenek/0000-0002-5999-7867 NR 55 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 26 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 20 BP 10362 EP 10370 DI 10.1021/jp058013s PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 928UG UT WOS:000229296600067 PM 16852256 ER PT J AU Espinosa-Faller, FJ Howell, RC Garcia-Adeva, AJ Conradson, SD Ignatov, AY Tyson, TA Farrow, RFC Toney, MF AF Espinosa-Faller, FJ Howell, RC Garcia-Adeva, AJ Conradson, SD Ignatov, AY Tyson, TA Farrow, RFC Toney, MF TI Local atomic structure of partially ordered NiMn in NiMn/NiFe exchange coupled layers: 1. XAFS measurements and structural refinement SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY SCATTERING; THERMAL-STABILITY; SPIN VALVES; DISTORTIONS; SIGNATURES; SPECTRA; ALLOYS; HEADS; BIAS AB The local atomic structure of the Mn in NiMn/NiFe exchange coupled films was investigated using Mn K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements to elucidate the possible correlation between the coercivity that can occur even in samples that display no signs of NiMn L1(o) ordering in diffraction patterns and such ordering on a length scale below the diffraction limit. Raising the substrate growth temperature from 3 to 200 degrees C increases the extent of L1(o) ordering in the NiMn pinning layer and the associated coercivity. A short-range order parameter (S-SRO) was derived from EXAFS data for comparison with the long-range order parameter (S-LRO) obtained from the X-ray diffraction measurements. Analogous to SLRO, SSRO increases in tandem with the pinning layer coercivity, implying the presence of nanometer-scale ordered clusters at the beginning stages of macroscopic L1(o) phase formation that apparently foster antiferromagnetism despite their small size. The behavior of the EXAFS, especially the contributions of the more distant shells, also suggests that the overall structure in materials that are not fully L1(o)-ordered is more accurately described as locally ordered, magnetically ordered, incoherent nanodomains of the L1(o) phase separated by locally disordered, strained, interdomain regions that globally average to the fee lattice with little or no local fee structure present. The constraints on the sizes and other characteristics of these domains were explored by examining the diffraction patterns calculated for several two-dimensional analogue structures. These demonstrated that one of the most important structural features in the development of a two-phase diffraction pattern was the presence of dislocations in response to the elastic strain at the interfaces between domains where the accumulated expitaxial mismatch was greater than half of the bond length that rendered the domains incoherent with respect to each other. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. RP Conradson, SD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM conradson@lanl.gov RI Garcia Adeva, Angel/L-5157-2014 OI Garcia Adeva, Angel/0000-0003-2776-2390 NR 28 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 26 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 20 BP 10406 EP 10418 DI 10.1021/jp037449+ PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 928UG UT WOS:000229296600072 PM 16852261 ER PT J AU Garcia-Adeva, AJ Howell, RC Conradson, SD de Leon, JFM Espinosa-Faller, FJ AF Garcia-Adeva, AJ Howell, RC Conradson, SD de Leon, JFM Espinosa-Faller, FJ TI Local atomic structure of partially ordered NiMn in NiMn/NiFe exchange-coupled layers: 2. Electronic structure calculations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; X-RAY; PHASE-SEPARATION; MAGNETISM; PHYSICS; ALLOYS; FILMS AB Local electronic and magnetic structure calculations for NiMn exchange bias alloys are reported for clusters containing NiMn in both the chemically disordered face-centered cubic and the chemically and magnetically ordered L1(o) phases. The results of these calculations are consistent with our local structure measurements that point toward the existence of nanometer-scale ordered clusters at the beginning stages of chemical ordering. The spatial dependence of both the local density of states and the magnetization is strongly influenced by the existence of magnetic order on short length scales, giving rise to an inhomogeneous profile for these quantities across the material with the greatest change at the interface that is still small enough within the domain to imply that the magnetization is still highly developed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Merida, CINVESTAV, Merida 97310, Yucatan, Mexico. Ctr Marista Estudios Super, Merida 13941, Yucatan, Mexico. RP Conradson, SD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM conradson@lanl.gov RI Garcia Adeva, Angel/L-5157-2014 OI Garcia Adeva, Angel/0000-0003-2776-2390 NR 26 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 26 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 20 BP 10419 EP 10428 DI 10.1021/jp0374509 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 928UG UT WOS:000229296600073 PM 16852262 ER PT J AU Wagg, LM Hornyak, GL Grigorian, L Dillon, AC Jones, KM Blackburn, J Parilla, PA Heben, MJ AF Wagg, LM Hornyak, GL Grigorian, L Dillon, AC Jones, KM Blackburn, J Parilla, PA Heben, MJ TI Experimental Gibbs free energy considerations in the nucleation and growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SILICA-SUPPORTED NICKEL; FILAMENTOUS CARBON; CATALYTIC GROWTH; METHANE; DECOMPOSITION; DEPOSITION; THERMODYNAMICS; KINETICS; IRON AB Gas feed composition and reaction temperature were varied to identify the thermodynamic threshold conditions for the nucleation and growth of SWNT from methane on supported Fe/Mo catalyst. These reaction conditions closely approximate the pseudoequilibrium conditions that lead to the nucleation and growth of SWNT. These measurements also serve to determine an upper limit of the Gibbs free energy of formation for SWNT. The Gibbs free energy of formation relative to graphite is in good agreement with literature values predicted from simulations for SWNT nuclei containing approximately 80 atoms, while considerably larger than that predicted for bulk (5,5) SWNT. Our estimate over the range 700 to 1000 degrees C of 16.1 to 13.9 kJ mol(-1) falls between the results of these simulations and literature values for diamond. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Nanostructured Mat Res Grp, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. Honda Res Inst USA, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Nanostructured Mat Res Grp, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM lawrence_wagg@nrel.gov; Michael-Heben@nrel.gov RI Blackburn, Jeffrey/D-7344-2012 NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 26 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 20 BP 10435 EP 10440 DI 10.1021/jp050445f PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 928UG UT WOS:000229296600075 PM 16852264 ER PT J AU Czarnecki, A Marciano, WJ AF Czarnecki, A Marciano, WJ TI Particle physics - Electrons are not ambidextrous SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CONSERVATION; SCATTERING C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Czarnecki, A (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. EM czar@phys.ualberta.ca; marciano@bnl.gov NR 6 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 26 PY 2005 VL 435 IS 7041 BP 437 EP 438 DI 10.1038/435437a PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 929IF UT WOS:000229337800038 PM 15917794 ER PT J AU Klie, RF Buban, JP Varela, M Franceschetti, A Jooss, C Zhu, Y Browning, ND Pantelides, ST Pennycook, SJ AF Klie, RF Buban, JP Varela, M Franceschetti, A Jooss, C Zhu, Y Browning, ND Pantelides, ST Pennycook, SJ TI Enhanced current transport at grain boundaries in high-T-c superconductors SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID YBA2CU3O7-DELTA THIN-FILMS; CALCIUM; DISLOCATIONS; DENSITY; LATTICE; CHARGE AB Large-scale applications of high-transition-temperature (high-T-c) superconductors, such as their use in superconducting cables, are impeded by the fact that polycrystalline materials ( the only practical option) support significantly lower current densities than single crystals(1-6). The superconducting critical current density (J(c)) across a grain boundary drops exponentially if the misorientation angle exceeds 2 degrees- 7 degrees. Grain texturing reduces the average misorientation angle, but problems persist(7,8). Adding impurities ( such as Ca in YBa2Cu3O7-delta; YBCO) leads to increased J(c) (refs 9, 10), which is generally attributed to excess holes introduced by Ca2+ substituting for Y3+ (ref. 11). However, a comprehensive physical model for the role of grain boundaries and Ca doping has remained elusive. Here we report calculations, imaging and spectroscopy at the atomic scale that demonstrate that in poly-crystalline YBCO, highly strained grain-boundary regions contain excess O vacancies, which reduce the local hole concentration. The Ca impurities indeed substitute for Y, but in grain-boundary regions under compression and tension they also replace Ba and Cu, relieving strain and suppressing O-vacancy formation. Our results demonstrate that the ionic radii are more important than their electronic valences for enhancing J(c). C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Engn Innovat, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Gottingen, Inst Mat Phys, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Klie, RF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM klie@bnl.gov RI Varela, Maria/H-2648-2012; Varela, Maria/E-2472-2014; OI Varela, Maria/0000-0002-6582-7004; Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X NR 28 TC 103 Z9 104 U1 2 U2 58 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 26 PY 2005 VL 435 IS 7041 BP 475 EP 478 DI 10.1038/nature03644 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 929IF UT WOS:000229337800050 PM 15917804 ER PT J AU Svaneborg, C Grest, GS Everaers, R AF Svaneborg, C Grest, GS Everaers, R TI Disorder effects on the strain response of model polymer networks SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE rubber elasticity theory; network structure; computer simulation ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; LINKED POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE) NETWORKS; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; RUBBER-LIKE ELASTICITY; TOPOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS; STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; ENTANGLEMENT MODELS; EXPERIMENTAL TESTS; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS AB Molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate polymer networks made by either end-linking or randomly crosslinking a melt of linear precursor chains. The resulting network structures are very different, since end-linking leads to nearly ideal monodisperse networks, while random crosslinking leads to polydisperse networks, characterized by an exponential strand length distribution. Networks with average strand length 20 and 100 were generated. These networks were used to study the effects of disorder in the network connectivity on observables averaged either over the entire network or selected sub-structures. Heterogeneities in the randomly crosslinked networks cause significant differences in the localization of monomers, however, neither the localization of crosslinks nor the microscopic strain response are significantly affected. Compared to end-linked networks, randomly crosslinked networks have a slightly increased tube diameter, and as a result a slightly decreased shear modulus, but otherwise identical stress-strain behavior. For the investigated systems, we conclude that the microscopic strain response, tube diameter, and stress-strain relation are all insensitive to the heterogeneities due to the linking process by which the network were made. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Max Planck Inst Komplexer Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Svaneborg, C (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Komplexer Syst, Nothnitzer St 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. EM zqex@mpipks-dresden.mpg.de RI Everaers, Ralf/K-2228-2013 OI Everaers, Ralf/0000-0002-6843-2753 NR 72 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD MAY 26 PY 2005 VL 46 IS 12 BP 4283 EP 4295 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.03.008 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 933BH UT WOS:000229598400034 ER PT J AU Chertkov, M Kolokolov, I Lebedev, V Turitsyn, K AF Chertkov, M Kolokolov, I Lebedev, V Turitsyn, K TI Polymer statistics in a random flow with mean shear SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC TURBULENCE; DYNAMICS; ORIENTATION AB We consider the dynamics of a polymer with finite extensibility placed in a chaotic flow with large mean shear, to explain how the polymer statistics changes with Weissenberg number, Wi, the product of the polymer relaxation time and the Lyapunov exponent of the flow, lambda. The probability distribution function (PDF) of the polymer orientation is peaked around a shear-preferred direction, having algebraic tails. The PDF of the tumbling time (separating two subsequent flips), tau, has a maximum estimated as lambda(-1). This PDF shows an exponential tail for large tau and a small-tau tail determined by the simultaneous statistics of the velocity PDF. Four regimes of Wi are identified for the extension statistics: one below the coil-stretched transition and three above the coil-stretched transition. Emphasis is given to explaining these regimes in terms of the polymer dynamics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 119334, Russia. RP Chertkov, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, CNLS, T-13, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Turitsyn, Konstantin/K-5978-2012; Chertkov, Michael/O-8828-2015; OI Turitsyn, Konstantin/0000-0002-7997-8962; Kolokolov, Igor/0000-0002-7961-8588 NR 17 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD MAY 25 PY 2005 VL 531 BP 251 EP 260 DI 10.1017/S0022112005003939 PG 10 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 939CX UT WOS:000230051000012 ER PT J AU Cumberland, RW Weinberger, MB Gilman, JJ Clark, SM Tolbert, SH Kaner, RB AF Cumberland, RW Weinberger, MB Gilman, JJ Clark, SM Tolbert, SH Kaner, RB TI Osmium diboride, an ultra-incompressible, hard material SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BULK MODULUS; DIAMOND; BORIDES; STATE C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tolbert, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM tolbert@chem.ucla.edu; kaner@chem.ucla.edu RI Tolbert, Sarah/L-2321-2016; Clark, Simon/B-2041-2013 OI Clark, Simon/0000-0002-7488-3438 NR 20 TC 287 Z9 299 U1 2 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 25 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 20 BP 7264 EP 7265 DI 10.1021/ja043806y PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 928AX UT WOS:000229244600001 PM 15898746 ER PT J AU Xiong, YJ Chen, JY Wiley, B Xia, YN Aloni, S Yin, YD AF Xiong, YJ Chen, JY Wiley, B Xia, YN Aloni, S Yin, YD TI Understanding the role of oxidative etching in the polyol synthesis of Pd nanoparticles with uniform shape and size SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MONODISPERSE PALLADIUM NANOPARTICLES; COUPLING REACTIONS; GOLD NANOCRYSTALS; PLATINUM NANOPARTICLES; COLLOIDAL SOLUTION; SUZUKI; NANORODS; CATALYST; CRYSTAL; GROWTH C1 Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xia, YN (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM xia@chem.washington.edu RI Wiley, Benjamin/A-7003-2008; Yin, Yadong/D-5987-2011; Xiong, Yujie/G-3203-2010; Xia, Younan/E-8499-2011; Chen, Jingyi/E-7168-2010 OI Yin, Yadong/0000-0003-0218-3042; Chen, Jingyi/0000-0003-0012-9640 NR 28 TC 268 Z9 272 U1 21 U2 188 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 25 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 20 BP 7332 EP 7333 DI 10.1021/ja0513741 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 928AX UT WOS:000229244600035 PM 15898780 ER PT J AU Rosokha, SV Lu, JM Newton, MD Kochi, JK AF Rosokha, SV Lu, JM Newton, MD Kochi, JK TI Intermolecular electron-transfer mechanisms via quantitative structures and ion-pair equilibria for self-exchange of anionic (Dinitrobenzenide) donors SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID AROMATIC CATION-RADICALS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; INNER-SPHERE MECHANISMS; CHARGE-TRANSFER; MIXED-VALENCE; PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE; OUTER-SPHERE; REORGANIZATION ENERGIES; PRECURSOR COMPLEX; SPIN RESONANCE AB Definitive X-ray structures of "separated" versus "contact" ion pairs, together with their spectral (UV-NIR, ESR) characterizations, provide the quantitative basis for evaluating the complex equilibria and intrinsic (self-exchange) electron-transfer rates for the potassium salts of p-dinitrobenzene radical anion (DNB-). Three principal types of ion pairs, K(L)+DNB-, are designated as Classes S, M, and C via the specific ligation of K+ with different macrocyclic polyether ligands (L). For Class S, the self-exchange rate constant for the separated ion pair (SIP) is essentially the same as that of the "free" anion, and we conclude that dinitrobenzenide reactivity is unaffected when the interionic distance in the separated ion pair is r(SIP) 2: 6 A. For Class M, the dynamic equilibrium between the contact ion pair (with r(CIP) = 2.7 A) and its separated ion pair is quantitatively evaluated, and the rather minor fraction of SIP is nonetheless the principal contributor to the overall electron-transfer kinetics. For Class C, the SIP rate is limited by the slow rate of CIP reversible arrow SIP interconversion, and the self-exchange proceeds via the contact ion pair by default. Theoretically, the electron-transfer rate constant for the separated ion pair is well-accommodated by the Marcus/Sutin two-state formulation when the precursor in Scheme 2 is identified as the "separated" inner-sphere complex (ISSIP) of cofacial DNB-/DNB dyads. By contrast, the significantly slower rate of self-exchange via the contact ion pair requires an associative mechanism (Scheme 3) in which the electron-transfer rate is strongly governed by cationic mobility of K(L)(+) within the "contact" precursor complex (ISCIP) according to the kinetics in Scheme 4. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kochi, JK (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Univ Pk, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM jkochi@uh.edu NR 92 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 25 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 20 BP 7411 EP 7420 DI 10.1021/ja051063q PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 928AX UT WOS:000229244600045 PM 15898790 ER PT J AU Breger, J Dupre, N Chupas, PJ Lee, PL Proffen, T Parise, JB Grey, CP AF Breger, J Dupre, N Chupas, PJ Lee, PL Proffen, T Parise, JB Grey, CP TI Short- and long-range order in the positive electrode material, Li(NiMn)(0.5)O-2: A joint X-ray and neutron diffraction, pair distribution function analysis and NMR study SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; LINI0.5MN0.5O2 CATHODE MATERIAL; ELECTROCHEMICAL-BEHAVIOR; INSERTION MATERIAL; MANGANESE OXIDES; LOCAL-STRUCTURE; ABSORPTION; LINI1/2MN1/2O2; REFINEMENT; SIMULATION AB The local environments and short-range ordering of LiNi(0.5)Nn(0.5)O(2), a potential Li-ion battery positive electrode material, were investigated by using a combination of X-ray and neutron diffraction and isotopic substitution (NDIS) techniques, Li-6 Magic Angle Spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy, and for the first time, X-ray and neutron Pair Distribution Function (PDF) analysis, associated with Reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) calculations. Three samples were studied: Li-6(NiMn)(0.5)O-2, Li-7(NiMn)(0.5)O-2, and Li-7(NiMn)(0.5)O-2 enriched with Ni-62 (denoted as (LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2)-Li-7-Ni-ZERO), so that the resulting scattering length of Ni atoms is null. LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 adopts the LiCoO2 structure (space group R3m) and comprises separate lithium layers, transition metal layers (Ni, Mn), and oxygen layers. NMR experiments and Rietveld refinements show that there is approximately 10% of Ni/Li site exchange between the Li and transition metal layers. PDF analysis of the neutron data revealed considerable local distortions in the layers that were not captured in the Rietveld refinements performed using the Bragg diffraction data and the LiCoO2 structure, resulting in different M-O bond lengths of 1.93 and 2.07 angstrom for Mn-O and Ni/Li-O, respectively. Large clusters of 2400-3456 atoms were built to investigate cation ordering. The RMC method was then used to improve the fit between the calculated model and experimental PDF data. Both NMR and RMC results were consistent with a nonrandom distribution of Ni, Mn, and Li cations in the transition metal layers; both the Ni and Li atoms are, on average, close to more Mn ions than predicted based on a random distribution of these ions in the transition metal layers. Constraints from both experimental methods showed the presence of short-range order in the transition metal layers comprising LiMn6 and LiMn5Ni clusters combined with Ni and Mn contacts resembling those found in the so-called "flower structure" or structures derived from ordered honeycomb arrays. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Grey, CP (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM cgrey@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009 OI Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031 NR 33 TC 106 Z9 109 U1 14 U2 100 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 25 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 20 BP 7529 EP 7537 DI 10.1021/ja050697u PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 928AX UT WOS:000229244600059 PM 15898804 ER PT J AU Artyukhin, AB Shestakov, A Harper, J Bakajin, O Stroeve, P Noy, A AF Artyukhin, AB Shestakov, A Harper, J Bakajin, O Stroeve, P Noy, A TI Functional one-dimensional lipid bilayers on carbon nanotube templates SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CLATHRIN-MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS; POLYELECTROLYTE MULTILAYERS; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; PHOSPHOLIPID-BILAYERS; NEUTRON REFLECTOMETRY; LATERAL DIFFUSION; BREFELDIN-A; MEMBRANES; SINGLE; FLUORESCENCE AB Use of biological machines and environments in novel bioinorganic nanostructures is critical for development of new types of biosensors, bio-NEMS devices, and functional materials. Lipid bilayers that mimic a cell membrane have already played an important role in such applications. We present supported lipid bilayers that spontaneously assemble in a continuous nanoshell around a template of a carbon nanotube wrapped with hydrophilic polymer cushion layers. We demonstrate that such 1-D lipid membranes are fluid and can heal defects, even over repeated damage-recovery cycles. A simple diffusion model can describe mobility of lipid molecules in these 1-D nanoshells. These structures could lead to the development of new classes of biosensors and bioelectronic devices. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosecur & Nanosci Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, AX Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Noy, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosecur & Nanosci Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM noy1@llnl.gov RI Bakajin, Olgica/A-9745-2008 NR 55 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 5 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 25 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 20 BP 7538 EP 7542 DI 10.1021/ja043431g PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 928AX UT WOS:000229244600060 PM 15898805 ER PT J AU Trebosc, J Wiench, JW Huh, S Lin, VSY Pruski, M AF Trebosc, J Wiench, JW Huh, S Lin, VSY Pruski, M TI Studies of organically functionalized mesoporous silicas using heteronuclear solid-state correlation NMR spectroscopy under fast magic angle spinning SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; INTEGER QUADRUPOLAR NUCLEI; ROTATING SOLIDS; CROSS-POLARIZATION; MAS NMR; RELAXATION-TIMES; DATA-ACQUISITION; HIGH-FIELD; MORPHOLOGY; SEQUENCES AB Highly resolved solid-state HETCOR NMR spectra between protons and low gamma nuclei (C-13 and Si-29) can be suitably obtained on surfaces using a "brute force" H-1-H-1 decoupling by MAS at rates >= 40 kHz. Despite a small rotor volume (< 10 mu L), a H-1 C-13 HETCOR spectrum of allyl groups (AL, -CH2-CH=CH2) covalently anchored to the surface of MCM-41 silica was acquired without using isotope enrichment. The advantages of using fast MAS in such studies include easy setup, robustness, and the opportunity of using low RF power for decoupling. In the case of the H-1 -Si-29 HETCOR experiment, the sensitivity can be dramatically increased, in some samples by more than 1 order of magnitude, through implementing into the pulse sequence a Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill train of pi pulses at the Si-29 spin frequency. The use of low-power heteronuclear clecoupling is essential in the H-1-Si-29 CPMG-HETCOR experiment, due to unusually long acquisition periods. These methods provided detailed structural characterization of the surface of AL-MCM mesoporous silica. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Pruski, M (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mpruski@iastate.edu RI HUH, SEONG/E-5192-2011; OI Huh, Seong/0000-0001-7894-8422 NR 46 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 25 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 20 BP 7587 EP 7593 DI 10.1021/ja0509127 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 928AX UT WOS:000229244600065 PM 15898810 ER PT J AU Thoma, SG Sanchez, A Provencio, PP Abrams, BL Wilcoxon, JP AF Thoma, SG Sanchez, A Provencio, PP Abrams, BL Wilcoxon, JP TI Synthesis, optical properties, and growth mechanism of blue-emitting CdSe nanorods SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SHAPE CONTROL; NANOCRYSTALS; NANOPARTICLES; CLUSTERS AB Blue-emitting, cubic phase CdSe nanorods with an approximate diameter of 2.5 nm and lengths up to 12 nm have been synthesized at low temperature (100 degrees C) in a single surfactant using a single-source molecular precursor. Transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering measurements indicate that the nanorods are formed from self-assembly of isotropic nanoclusters. Anisotropic growth in a single surfactant appears to be favored when growth occurs below the thermal decomposition temperature of the single-source precursor. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM sgthoma@sandia.gov RI Abrams, Billie/C-1668-2012 NR 19 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 25 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 20 BP 7611 EP 7614 DI 10.1021/ja050501q PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 928AX UT WOS:000229244600068 PM 15898813 ER PT J AU Seol, K Krawitz, AD Richardson, JW Weisbrook, CM AF Seol, K Krawitz, AD Richardson, JW Weisbrook, CM TI Effects of WC size and amount on the thermal residual stress in WC-Ni composites SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE cemented carbide composites; thermal residual stress; neutron diffraction ID ELASTIC STRAIN DISTRIBUTIONS; CEMENTED CARBIDE COMPOSITE; TUNGSTEN CARBIDE; DIFFRACTION; EXPANSION; NICKEL; METAL AB Effects of WC particle size and volume fraction on the magnitude and distribution of thermal residual stresses (TRS) in WC-Ni cemented carbide composites were studied by neutron powder diffraction. Samples of high (0.3) and low (0.1) Ni volume fraction and coarse (1.7 mu m) and fine (0.5 mu m) WC particle size were employed. Thermal residual strain and stress values were obtained at temperatures between 100 and 900 K. The magnitude of the mean (compressive) WC stress increased as WC fraction decreased, while the mean (tensile) Ni stress did the opposite. For both phases, stresses were highest for fine WC particles, reaching over 3 GPa in Ni. Elastic strain distributions, due to the sharp edges and corners of WC particles, were characterized by analyzing diffraction peak widths. The range of stress increased with the magnitude of the TRS. Even though the mean TRS is compressive in WC, regions of tension exist, and, for Ni, regions of compression are present. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Chonbuk Natl Univ, Dept Engn Met, Chonju, Chonbuk, South Korea. RP Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM krawitza@missouri.edu NR 22 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAY 25 PY 2005 VL 398 IS 1-2 BP 15 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.01.041 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 938KH UT WOS:000229998100002 ER PT J AU Wang, G Shen, J Sun, JF Lu, ZP Stachurski, ZH Zhou, BD AF Wang, G Shen, J Sun, JF Lu, ZP Stachurski, ZH Zhou, BD TI Compressive fracture characteristics of a Zr-based bulk metallic glass at high test temperatures SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE bulk metallic glass; high temperature compression; fracture behavior; cohesive strength ID AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; YIELD CRITERION; STRAIN-RATES; BEHAVIOR; FLOW AB This paper presents the fracture characteristics of Zr41.25Ti13.75Ni10Cu12.5Be22.5 bulk metallic glass (BMG) subjected to compression tests at the calorimetric glass transition temperature and in the supercooled liquid region. Under compressive load, the catastrophic fracture is not a pure shear process and the normal stress played a critical role. Based on the Mohr-Coulomb criterion, it was found that the increase in cohesive strength due to the increase of strain rates leads to the change of fracture angles from 40 degrees to 56 degrees. At the calorimetric glass transition temperature, the fracture characteristics are similar to those observed at room temperature, while at higher test temperatures, different fracture features including the flow layer and round cores that are regarded as the unique features for tensile fractures of BMGs, were observed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Fac Engn & Informat Technol, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. RP Lu, ZP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM luzp@ornl.gov RI Wang, Gang/K-2630-2012; Lu, Zhao-Ping/A-2718-2009; OI Stachurski, Zbigniew/0000-0002-1317-0178 NR 15 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAY 25 PY 2005 VL 398 IS 1-2 BP 82 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.03.006 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 938KH UT WOS:000229998100010 ER PT J AU Breidenbach, MA Brunger, AT AF Breidenbach, MA Brunger, AT TI 2.3 angstrom crystal structure of tetanus neurotoxin light chain SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID A BOTULINUM NEUROTOXIN; BLOCK NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; HORIZONTAL GENE-TRANSFER; MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES; CLOSTRIDIAL NEUROTOXINS; STRUCTURE REFINEMENT; PROTEASE ACTIVITY; ZINC PROTEASES; TOXIN AB TeNT is the causative agent of the neuroparalytic disease tetanus. A key component of TeNT (2+) endopeptidase that targets SNAREs. Recent structural studies of closely related is its light chain, a Zn (2+), BoNT endopeptidases indicate that substrate-binding exosites remote from a conserved active site are the primary determinants of substrate specificity. Here we report the 2.3 angstrom X-ray crystal structure of TeNTLC, determined by combined molecular replacement and MAD phasing. As expected, the overall structure of TeNT-LC is similar to the other known CNT light chain structures, including a conserved thermolysinlike core inserted between structurally distinct amino- and carboxy-terminal regions. Differences between TeNT-LC and the other CNT light chains are mainly limited to surface features such as unique electrostatic potential profiles. An analysis of surface residue conservation reveals a pattern of relatively high variability matching the path of substrate binding around BoNT/A, possibly serving to accommodate the variations in different SNARE targets of the CNT group. C1 Stanford Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cellular Physiol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Neurol & Neurol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Brunger, AT (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cellular Physiol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM brunger@stanford.edu FU NIMH NIH HHS [1-R01-MH63105-01] NR 61 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAY 24 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 20 BP 7450 EP 7457 DI 10.1021/bi050262j PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 928TR UT WOS:000229295100007 PM 15895988 ER PT J AU Verspoor, K Cohn, J Joslyn, C Mniszewski, S Rechtsteiner, A Rocha, LM Simas, T AF Verspoor, K Cohn, J Joslyn, C Mniszewski, S Rechtsteiner, A Rocha, LM Simas, T TI Protein annotation as term categorization in the gene ontology using word proximity networks SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article AB Background: We participated in the BioCreAtIvE Task 2, which addressed the annotation of proteins into the Gene Ontology (GO) based on the text of a given document and the selection of evidence text from the document justifying that annotation. We approached the task utilizing several combinations of two distinct methods: an unsupervised algorithm for expanding words associated with GO nodes, and an annotation methodology which treats annotation as categorization of terms from a protein's document neighborhood into the GO. Results: The evaluation results indicate that the method for expanding words associated with GO nodes is quite powerful; we were able to successfully select appropriate evidence text for a given annotation in 38% of Task 2.1 queries by building on this method. The term categorization methodology achieved a precision of 16% for annotation within the correct extended family in Task 2.2, though we show through subsequent analysis that this can be improved with a different parameter setting. Our architecture proved not to be very successful on the evidence text component of the task, in the configuration used to generate the submitted results. Conclusion: The initial results show promise for both of the methods we explored, and we are planning to integrate the methods more closely to achieve better results overall. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Informat, Bloomington, IN 47406 USA. Indiana Univ, Cognit Sci Program, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Verspoor, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS B256, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM verspoor@lanl.gov; jcohn@lanl.gov; joslyn@lanl.gov; smm@lanl.gov; andreas@lanl.gov; rocha@indiana.edu; tdesimas@indiana.edu RI Verspoor, Karin/B-8173-2009; Verspoor, Karin/G-6034-2016; OI Verspoor, Karin/0000-0002-8661-1544; Verspoor, Karin/0000-0002-8661-1544; Simas, Tiago/0000-0002-3133-1537; Cohn, Judith/0000-0002-1333-3395; Rocha, Luis/0000-0001-9402-887X NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD MAY 24 PY 2005 VL 6 SU 1 AR S20 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-6-S1-S20 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 022NB UT WOS:000236061400020 PM 15960833 ER PT J AU Asnes, A Stadsnes, J Friedel, RW Ostgaard, N Thomsen, M AF Asnes, A Stadsnes, J Friedel, RW Ostgaard, N Thomsen, M TI Medium energy pitch angle distribution during substorm injected electron clouds SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LANDAU RESONANCE INTERACTIONS; WAVE ACTIVITY; CHORUS; MODE; SCATTERING; FIELD; RE AB An investigation of pitch angle resolved electron data of energy <47 keV made by the MPA instrument on LANL geosynchronous satellites reveals a signature of symmetric peaks in the pitch angle distributions, observed to expand from being nearly at perpendicular pitch angles (similar to 90 degrees) to nearly field aligned at lower energies. This feature is seen in almost every interval of increased fluxes at geosynchronous orbit. A closer examination reveals the expansion of the peak in pitch angle to be such that the corresponding parallel velocity ( along B) is constant. In some time intervals there are simultaneous symmetric peaks in more than one energy band and the parallel energy corresponding to the symmetric peaks is seen to vary as function of time. The observations might be explained by particles interacting with whistler mode chorus through Landau resonance, diffusing particles with parallel velocity near the phase velocity of the waves. C1 Univ Bergen, Dept Phys & Technol, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Asnes, A (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Dept Phys & Technol, Allegt 55, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. EM arne.asnes@ift.uib.no; johan.stadsnes@ift.uib.no; friedel@lanl.gov; nikost@ift.uib.no; mthomsen@lanl.gov RI Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012 OI Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 24 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 10 AR L10101 DI 10.1029/2004GL022008 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 935IM UT WOS:000229774400001 ER PT J AU Maki, A Masiello, T Blake, TA AF Maki, A Masiello, T Blake, TA TI The high-resolution infrared spectrum of (BF3)-B-10 from 400 to 4600 cm(-1) SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Article DE infrared spectroscopy; spectrum; boron trifluoride; molecular structure ID MICROWAVE DOUBLE-RESONANCE; TUNABLE DIODE-LASER; BORON TRIFLUORIDE; 2-NU(3) BANDS; BF3; SPECTROSCOPY; (SO3)-S-32-O-16; (SO3)-S-34-O-16; NU-3 AB High-resolution infrared spectra of boron trifluoride, enriched to 99.5 at.% B-10, have been measured from 400 to 4600 cm(-1). In that region we have identified and analyzed 17 absorption bands including three fundamentals. In addition, three hot bands associated with v(2) were analyzed, seven hot bands associated with v(4), two with v(1) + v(4) and one hot band each associated with the v(3) and v(1) + v(2) bands. The spectral resolution of the measurements varied from 0.0015 cm(-1) at the lowest wavenumber to 0.0035 cm(-1) at the highest wavenumber. This study resulted in the first direct characterization of the v(1) state via two routes, one through the combined analysis of the 110(0)0(0)-000(0)0(0) and 110(0)0(0)- 100(0)0(0) vibrational transitions and the other through the analysis of the 001(1)0(0)-000(0)0(0) and 001(1)0(0)-100(0)0(0) transitions. All of the quadratic vibrational anharmonic constants have been determined except x(23). An improved set of ground state rotational constants has been determined for (BF3)-B-10. With corrections through most but not all of the quadratic rotational terms, we have found that B-e=0.346170&PLUSMN; 0.000003 cm(-1) and C-e=0.173038&PLUSMN; 0.000006 cm(- 1). These give a B-F bond distance of r(e)=130.731&PLUSMN; 0.010 pm. The effects of l-type resonance were used to locate certain vibrational states that could not be directly observed through infrared transitions from the ground state. The splitting of the A'(1) and A'(2) components of v(3)+v(4) was found to be quite large, 6.131&PLUSMN; 0.007 cm(-1). Several other resonances were also found including the weak vibrational interaction, which had been overlooked by earlier workers, between 2v(2) and the A'(1) vibrational state of 3v(4). © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Maki, A (reprint author), 15012 24th Ave SE, Mill Creek, WA 98012 USA. EM amaki1@compuserve.com RI Young, Nigel/B-5472-2010 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2860 J9 J MOL STRUCT JI J. Mol. Struct. PD MAY 24 PY 2005 VL 742 IS 1-3 BP 3 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.molstruc.2004.11.089 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 932AT UT WOS:000229527300002 ER PT J AU Craig, NC Hanson, KA Moore, MC Sams, RL AF Craig, NC Hanson, KA Moore, MC Sams, RL TI Rotational analysis of several bands in the high-resolution infrared spectrum of butadiene-1-C-13(1): assignment of vibrational fundamentals SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Article DE high-resolution infrared spectroscopy; Raman spectra; rotational constants; quantum chemical calculations; structural parameters ID EQUILIBRIUM STRUCTURES; FORCE-FIELDS; AB-INITIO; 1,3-BUTADIENE; REFINEMENT AB Butadiene-1-C-13(1) was synthesized, and its high-resolution (0.002 cm(-1)) infrared spectrum was recorded for several bands in the midinfrared region. A complete analysis of the rotational structure in the C-type band at 524.485 cm(-1) for CH2 twisting and a partial analysis of the rotational structure in the C-type bands at 900.0 and 909 cm(-1) were performed. Of these latter two bands, which are of comparable intensity, the higher frequency one is largely CH2 out-of-plane wagging and the lower frequency one is largely (CH2)-C-13 out-of-plane wagging. Taken together these bands correlate with one infrared-active a(u) fundamental and one Raman-active b(g) fundamental of butadiene. The ground state rotational constants are A=1.3887919 (6), B=0.1436683 (3), and C=0.1302251 (3) cm(-1), and upper state rotational constants are reported for the bands at 524.485 and 900.0 cm(-1). Medium resolution infrared and Raman spectra gave a complete assignment of the vibrational fundamentals, including 11 fundamentals observed directly for the first time. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oberlin Coll, Dept Chem, Sci Ctr A263, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Craig, NC (reprint author), Oberlin Coll, Dept Chem, Sci Ctr A263, 119 Woodland St, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. EM norm.craig@oberlin.edu NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2860 J9 J MOL STRUCT JI J. Mol. Struct. PD MAY 24 PY 2005 VL 742 IS 1-3 BP 21 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.molstruc.2004.11.090 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 932AT UT WOS:000229527300003 ER PT J AU Yoon, TH Johnson, SB Brown, GE AF Yoon, TH Johnson, SB Brown, GE TI Adsorption of organic matter at mineral/water interfaces. IV. Adsorption of humic substances at boehmite/water interfaces and impact on boehmite dissolution SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-ALOOH INTERFACE; BENZENECARBOXYLATE SURFACE COMPLEXATION; GOETHITE (ALPHA-FEOOH)/WATER INTERFACE; INFRARED CARBOXYLATE ABSORBANCES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION INTERFACE; METAL-OXIDE SURFACES; RIVER FULVIC-ACID; SUWANNEE RIVER; ATR-FTIR; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY AB The adsorption of Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) and Pahokee peat humic acid (PPHA) at the boehmite (gamma-AlOOH)/water interface and the impact of SRFA on boehmite dissolution have been examined over a wide range of solution pH conditions (pH 2-12), SRFA surface coverages (F-SRFA, total SRFA binding site concentration normalized by the boehmite surface area) of 0.0-5.33 mu mol m(-2), and PPHA surface coverages (Gamma(PPHA), PPRA binding site concentration normalized by boehmite surface area) of 0.0-4.0 mu mol m(-2), using macroscopic adsorption and in situ attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. At relatively high SRFA surface coverages (Gamma(SRFA) = 5.33 mu mol m(-2)), in situ ATR-FTIR spectral features of adsorbed SRFA are very similar to those measured for SRFA in solution at approximately 1-3 pH units higher. At sub-monolayer surface coverages (Gamma(SRFA) = 1.20 and 2.20 mu mol m(-2)), several new peaks and enhancements of the intensities of a number of existing peaks are observed. The latter spectral changes arise from several nonorganic extrinsic species (i.e., adsorbed carbonate and water, for alkaline solution conditions), partially protonated SRFA carboxyl functional groups (near-neutral pH conditions), and small quantities of inner-spherically adsorbed SRFA carboxyl groups and/or Al(III)-SRFA complexes (for acidic conditions). The spectra of PPHA adsorbed at boehmite/water interfaces also showed changes generally consistent with our observations for SRFA sorbed on boehmite. These observations confirm that SRFA and PPHA are predominantly adsorbed at the boehmite/water interface in an outer-sphere fashion, with minor inner-sphere adsorption complexes being formed only under quite acidic conditions. They also suggest that the positively charged boehmite/water interface stabilizes SRFA and PPHA carboxyl functional groups against protonation at lower pH. Measurements of the concentration of dissolved Al(III) ions in the absence and presence of SRFA showed that the boehmite dissolution process is clearly inhibited by the adsorption of SRFA, which is consistent with previous observations that outerspherically adsorbed organic anions inhibit Al-(oxyhydr)oxide dissolution. C1 Stanford Univ, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Brown, GE (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM gordon@pangea.stanford.edu NR 73 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAY 24 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 11 BP 5002 EP 5012 DI 10.1021/la0476276 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 928AP UT WOS:000229243800038 PM 15896043 ER PT J AU Messe, L Perdigon, A Clarke, SM Inaba, A Arnold, T AF Messe, L Perdigon, A Clarke, SM Inaba, A Arnold, T TI Alkane/alcohol mixed monolayers at the solid/liquid interface SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID MIXING BEHAVIOR; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; SUBMONOLAYER COVERAGES; CRYSTALLINE-STRUCTURES; ALCOHOL MONOLAYERS; ALKANE MIXTURES; GRAPHITE; ADSORPTION; LIQUID; HEXANE AB In this work, we present the behavior of solid monolayers of binary mixtures of alkanes and alcohols adsorbed on the surface of graphite from their liquid mixtures. We demonstrate that solid monolayers form for all the combinations investigated here. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is used to identify the surface phase behavior of these mixtures, and elastic neutron incoherent scattering has been used to determine the composition of the mixed monolayers inferred by the calorimetry. The mixing behavior of the alcohol/alkane monolayer mixtures is compared quantitatively with alkane/alkane and alcohol/alcohol mixtures using a regular solution approach to model the incomplete mixing in the solid monolayer with preferential adsorption. determining the surface composition. This analysis indicates the preferential adsorption of alcohols over alkanes of comparable alkyl chain length and even preferential adsorption of shorter alcohols over longer alkanes, which contrasts strongly with mixtures of alkane/alkane and alcohol/alcohol of different alkyl chain lengths where the longer homologue is always found to preferentially adsorb over the shorter. The alcohol/alkane mixtures are all found to phase separate to a significant extent in the adsorbed layer mixtures even when molecules are of a similar size. Again, this contrasts strongly with alkane/alkane and alcohol/alcohol mixtures where, although phase separation is found for molecules of significantly different size, good mixing is found for similar size species. C1 Univ Cambridge, BP Inst, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Chem, Toyonaka, Osaka 560, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Clarke, SM (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, BP Inst, Madingley Rise,Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. RI Inaba, Akira/G-8887-2011; OI Arnold, Thomas/0000-0001-8295-3822 NR 30 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAY 24 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 11 BP 5085 EP 5093 DI 10.1021/la0501280 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 928AP UT WOS:000229243800050 PM 15896055 ER PT J AU Grubor, NM Hayes, J Small, GJ Jankowiak, R AF Grubor, NM Hayes, J Small, GJ Jankowiak, R TI Cross-reactivity and conformational multiplicity of an anti-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mAb SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE fluorescence spectroscopy ID SPECIFICITY; ADDUCTS; ANTIBODIES; DIVERSITY; BINDING AB Cross-reactivity and multispecific functionality of antibodies play a central role in the immune system. The Ab's promiscuity is attributed to structural flexibility and conformational multiplicity of its binding sites governed by the rearrangement of hydrogen bonding centers. However, antibodies whose recognition and binding rely on less directional hydrophobic interactions might follow different interaction pathways. We investigated interaction of anti-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mAb with two biologically important cross-reactants, pyrene and benzo(a)pyrene. Complex formation was characterized by means of low-temperature laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy in both low- and high-resolution fluorescence line-narrowing (FLN) modes. It is shown that the FLN spectroscopy can identify various haptens cross-reacted with an Ab, as well as simultaneously differentiate between free and immunocomplexed haptens. In addition, our results suggest an interesting case of an Ab binding a particular cross-reactant by adopting two distinct conformations of its binding sites. The existence of the multiple conformations for anti-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mAb that are trapped at low temperature can be rationalized through the existing models for Ab binding. Finally, as revealed by FLN spectra of immunocomplexed chromophores, pi-pi interactions, rather than hydrogen bonding, play the central role in complex formation. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US Dept Energy, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jankowiak, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US Dept Energy, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jankowiak@ameslab.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [2P01 CA49210-12, P01 CA049210] NR 16 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 24 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 21 BP 7453 EP 7458 DI 10.1073/pnas.0502540102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 930LN UT WOS:000229417500012 PM 15888556 ER PT J AU Zhou, SX Zhou, H Walian, PJ Jap, BK AF Zhou, SX Zhou, H Walian, PJ Jap, BK TI CD147 is a regulatory subunit of the gamma-secretase complex in Alzheimer's disease amyloid beta-peptide production SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE aspartyl protease; membrane protein complex; membrane protein purification ID INTRACELLULAR DOMAIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN SUPERFAMILY; INTRAMEMBRANE PROTEOLYSIS; PRESENILIN COFACTORS; CELL-SURFACE; CLEAVAGE; PROTEIN; NICASTRIN; EXPRESSION; TOPOLOGY AB gamma-Secretase is a membrane protein complex that cleaves the beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) within the transmembrane region, after prior processing by beta-secretase, producing amyloid beta-peptides A beta(40) and A beta(42). Errant production of A beta-peptides that substantially increases A beta(42) production has been associated with the formation of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease patients. Biophysical and genetic studies indicate that presenilin-1, which contains the proteolytic active site, and three other membrane proteins [nicastrin, anterior pharynx defective-1 (APH-1), and presenilin enhancer-2 (PEN-2)] are required to form the core of the active gamma-secretase complex. Here, we report the purification of the native gamma-secretase complexes from HeLa cell membranes and the identification of an additional gamma-secretase complex subunit, CD147, a transmembrane glycoprotein with two Ig-like domains. The presence of this subunit as an integral part of the complex itself was confirmed through coimmunoprecipitation studies of the purified protein from HeLa cells and of solubilized complexes from other cell lines such as neural cell HCN-1A and HEK293. Depletion of CD147 by RNA interference was found to increase the production of A beta peptides without changing the expression level of the other gamma-secretase components or APP substrates whereas CD147 overexpression had no statistically significant effect on A beta-peptide production, other gamma-secretase components or APP substrates, indicating that the presence of the CD147 subunit within the gamma-secretase complex down-modulates the production of A beta-peptides. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jap, BK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Mail Stop Donner,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bkjap@lbl.gov NR 45 TC 136 Z9 145 U1 2 U2 11 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 24 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 21 BP 7499 EP 7504 DI 10.1073/pnas.0502768102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 930LN UT WOS:000229417500020 PM 15890777 ER PT J AU Anders, A Oks, EM Yushkov, GY AF Anders, A Oks, EM Yushkov, GY TI Cathodic arcs: Fractal voltage and cohesive energy rule SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-STATE DISTRIBUTIONS; VACUUM-ARC; BURNING VOLTAGE; CURRENT-DENSITY; RANDOM-WALK; SPOTS; FLUCTUATIONS; PLASMA; NOISE; MECHANISM AB The noise of the burning voltage of cathodic arcs in vacuum was analyzed for a range of cathode materials (C, Mg, Ti, V, Ni, Cu, Zr, Nb, Ag, Hf, Ta, W, Pt, Bi, and Si). Cathodic arcs were generated in a coaxial plasma source, and the voltage noise was measured with a broadband measuring system. Each measurement was analyzed by fast Fourier transform, revealing a power spectrum similar to 1/f(2) for all cathode materials over several orders of magnitude of frequency f (brown noise). The absence of any characteristic time down to possible cutoffs at high frequencies supports a fractal model of cathode spots. The amplitude of colored noise scaled approximately linearly with the cathode's cohesive energy, which is another manifestation of the cohesive energy rule. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Current Elect, Tomsk 634055, Russia. RP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aanders@lbl.gov RI Oks, Efim/A-9409-2014; Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009; Yushkov, Georgy/O-8024-2015 OI Oks, Efim/0000-0002-9323-0686; Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505; Yushkov, Georgy/0000-0002-7615-6058 NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 23 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 21 AR 211503 DI 10.1063/1.1937994 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 932HG UT WOS:000229544200024 ER PT J AU Limpijumnong, S Li, XN Wei, SH Zhang, SB AF Limpijumnong, S Li, XN Wei, SH Zhang, SB TI Substitutional diatomic molecules NO, NC, CO, N-2, and O-2: Their vibrational frequencies and effects on p doping of ZnO SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTORS AB First-principles calculations show that AB defects substituting on an O site in ZnO where A, B=N, O, or C are an important class of defects whose physical properties cannot be described by the usual split interstitials but rather by substitutional diatomic molecules. The molecular natures of the (AB)(O) defects are reflected in their vibrational frequencies which are redshifted from those of the corresponding free molecules but only by about 10%. These calculated results agree with the frequency range recently observed by IR measurement on N-doped ZnO. Moreover, most (AB)(O) defects are donors in p-type samples. The (NC)(O) and (N-2)(O) defects have sufficiently low energies to convert substituional N-O acceptors into donors, thereby hindering the efforts of doping ZnO p type. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Suranaree Univ Technol, Sch Phys, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. Natl Synchrotron Res Ctr, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM sukit@sut.ac.th RI Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013 OI Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860 NR 15 TC 124 Z9 129 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 23 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 21 AR 211910 DI 10.1063/1.1931823 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 932HG UT WOS:000229544200035 ER PT J AU Bardakci, K AF Bardakci, K TI Further results about field theory on the world sheet and string formation SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID APPROXIMATION; MODEL AB The present article is the continuation of the earlier work, which used the world sheet representation and the mean field approximation to sum planar graphs in massless φ(3) field theory. We improve on the previous work in two respects: a prefactor in the world sheet propagator that had been neglected is now taken into account. In addition, we introduce a non-zero bare mass for the field φ. Working with a theory with cutoff and using the mean field approximation, we find that, depending on the range of values of the mass and coupling constant, the model has two phases: a string forming phase and a perturbative field theory phase. We also find the generation of a new degree of freedom, which was not in the model originally. This new degree of freedom can be thought of as the string slope, which is now promoted into a fluctuating dynamical variable. Finally, we show that the introduction of the bare mass makes it possible to renormalize the model. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bardakci, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kbardakci@lbl.gov NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD MAY 23 PY 2005 VL 715 IS 1-2 BP 141 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2005.03.016 PG 32 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 923XQ UT WOS:000228943300004 ER PT J AU Marandella, G Schappacher, C Strumia, A AF Marandella, G Schappacher, C Strumia, A TI Supersymmetry and precision data after LEP2 SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID ONE-LOOP CORRECTIONS; STANDARD MODEL; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; BREAKING; FEYNARTS; BRANE; RENORMALIZATION; SUPERGRAVITY; FORMCALC; PHYSICS AB We study one loop supersymmetric corrections to precision observables. Adding LEP2 e (e) over bar -> f (f) over bar cross sections to the data-set removes previous hints for SUSY and the resulting constraints are in some cases stronger than direct bounds on sparticle masses. We consider specific models: split SUSY, CMSSM, gauge mediation, anomaly and radion mediation. Beyond performing a complete one-loop analysis, we also develop a simple approximation, based on the, (S) over cap, (T) over cap, W,Y 'universal' parameters. SUSY corrections give W, Y > 0 and mainly depend on the left-handed slepton and squark masses, On M-2 and on mu. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Theoret Phys, D-7500 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Pisa, Italy. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM alessandro.strumia@df.unipi.it NR 49 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 EI 1873-1562 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD MAY 23 PY 2005 VL 715 IS 1-2 BP 173 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2005.03.001 PG 17 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 923XQ UT WOS:000228943300005 ER PT J AU Newbery, AP Grant, PS Neiser, RA AF Newbery, AP Grant, PS Neiser, RA TI The velocity and temperature of steel droplets during electric arc spraying SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thermal spraying; iron alloy; nitrogen; oxygen; iron oxide; process monitoring ID THERMAL SPRAY; 2-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATION; COMPLEX SURFACE; IN-FLIGHT; DEPOSITION; MICROSTRUCTURE AB The average dynamic and thermal behaviour of electric arc sprayed Fe-0.8wt.%C droplets has been investigated using a laser based time of flight velocimeter system (Laser2Focus-L2F) and a two-colour pyrometry system (In-flight Particle Pyrometer-IPP) respectively. Radial and axial variations of the spray velocity and temperature have been investigated, together with their dependence on atomising gas type, arc voltage, atomising gas pressure, and wire feed rate. Under all conditions, the average spray temperature was significantly above the steel liquidus temperature indicating most droplets were fully molten. Once projected away from the region of atomisation, the droplet spray typically cooled at similar to 1 degrees C mm(-1) and similar to 10(5) degrees C s(-1) and typical axial velocities were 100 m s(-1). Because of asymmetry in the arc itself and the resulting differences in the melting behaviour of the wires, the spray exhibited asymmetric radial variations of both velocity and temperature about the spray cone axis. The presence of oxygen in the atomising gas had a significant effect in increasing spray temperature via exothermic oxidation of the steel droplets. Processing maps have been constructed in which the variation of average spray velocity and temperature with arc voltage, gas pressure and wire feed rate have been fitted to a series of simple polynomial expressions. These maps have been explained in terms of the heat and momentum transfer processes occurring during atomisation and subsequent droplet flight. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. Sandia Natl Labs, Thermal Spray Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Grant, PS (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. EM patrick.grant@materials.ox.ac.uk RI Grant, Patrick/F-5169-2013 OI Grant, Patrick/0000-0002-7942-7837 NR 32 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD MAY 23 PY 2005 VL 195 IS 1 BP 91 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.12.035 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 917DB UT WOS:000228435100010 ER PT J AU Collis, GE Burrell, AK AF Collis, GE Burrell, AK TI Studies into the generation and Diels-Alder reactions of 7,8-quinolyne with furan dienes SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE hetaryne; Diels-Alder reaction; furan; endoxide rearrangement; benzo[h]quinoline; 7,8-quinolyne ID PROTON-TRANSFER; 10-HYDROXYBENZOQUINOLINE; QUINONES AB Reaction of an appropriate ortho-halo tosylate precursor with organolithium reagents provides the first conclusive route to the intermediate, 7,8-quinolyne. The transient existence of this hetaryne was confirmed by Diels-Alder reactions with furan derivatives that provide endoxide adducts. Chemical induced rearrangement of these adducts allows entry to key compounds of 10-hydroxy[h]benzoquinoline and its 7-substituted derivatives in modest yields. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Collis, GE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM collis@lanl.gov RI Collis, Gavin/D-6343-2011 NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD MAY 23 PY 2005 VL 46 IS 21 BP 3653 EP 3656 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.03.164 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 922XE UT WOS:000228872400010 ER PT J AU Bachorz, RA Haranczyk, M Dabkowska, I Rak, J Gutowski, M AF Bachorz, RA Haranczyk, M Dabkowska, I Rak, J Gutowski, M TI Anion of the formic acid dimer as a model for intermolecular proton transfer induced by a pi(*) excess electron SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; DIPOLE-BOUND ANIONS; AB-INITIO; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; BASIS-SETS; BASE-PAIR; URACIL; ATTACHMENT; COMPLEXES; GLYCINE AB The neutral and anionic formic acid dimers have been studied at the second-order Moller-Plesset and coupled-cluster level of theory with single, double, and perturbative triple excitations with augmented, correlation-consistent basis sets of double- and triple-zeta quality. Scans of the potential-energy surface for the anion were performed at the density-functional level of theory with a hybrid B3LYP functional and a high-quality basis set. Our main finding is that the formic acid dimer is susceptible to intermolecular proton transfer upon an excess electron attachment. The unpaired electron occupies a pi(*) orbital, the molecular moiety that accommodates an excess electron "buckles," and a proton is transferred to the unit where the excess electron is localized. As a consequence of these geometrical transformations, the electron vertical detachment energy becomes substantial, 2.35 eV. The anion is barely adiabatically unstable with respect to the neutral at 0 K. However, at standard conditions and in terms of Gibbs free energy, the anion is more stable than the neutral by +37 meV. The neutral and anionic dimers display different IR characteristics. In summary, the formic acid dimer can exist in two quasidegenerate states (neutral and anionic), which can be viewed as "zero" and "one" in the binary system. These two states are switchable and distinguishable. C1 Adam Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Dept Chem, Quantum Chem Grp, PL-60780 Poznan, Poland. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Chem Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Gdansk, Dept Chem, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. RP Bachorz, RA (reprint author), Adam Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Dept Chem, Quantum Chem Grp, PL-60780 Poznan, Poland. EM maciej.gutowski@pnl.gov RI Haranczyk, Maciej/A-6380-2014 OI Haranczyk, Maciej/0000-0001-7146-9568 NR 42 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 22 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 20 AR 204304 DI 10.1063/1.1899144 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 932HJ UT WOS:000229544500015 PM 15945721 ER PT J AU Bhatia, B Sholl, DS AF Bhatia, B Sholl, DS TI Chemisorption and diffusion of hydrogen on surface and subsurface sites of flat and stepped nickel surfaces SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TRANSITION-METALS; ADSORPTION SITE; NI SURFACES; NI(100); NI(111); 1ST-PRINCIPLES; DEUTERIUM AB Plane-wave density functional theory calculations were performed to investigate the binding and diffusion of hydrogen on three flat Ni surfaces, Ni(100), Ni(110), and Ni(111), and two stepped Ni surfaces, Ni(210) and Ni(531). On each surface, the favored adsorption sites were identified by considering the energy and stability of various binding sites and zero-point energy corrections were computed. Binding energies are compared with experimental and theoretical results from the literature. Good agreement with experimental and previous theoretical data is found. At surface coverages where adsorbate-adsorbate interactions are relatively weak, the binding energy of H is similar on the five Ni surfaces studied. Favorable binding energies are observed for stable surface sites, while subsurface sites have unfavorable values relative to the gas phase molecular hydrogen. Minimum energy paths for hydrogen diffusion on Ni surfaces and into subsurface sites were constructed. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Sholl, DS (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM sholl@andrew.cmu.edu NR 56 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 22 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 20 AR 204707 DI 10.1063/1.1902943 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 932HJ UT WOS:000229544500058 PM 15945764 ER PT J AU Lindenberg, AM Acremann, Y Lowney, DP Heimann, PA Allison, TK Matthews, T Falcone, RW AF Lindenberg, AM Acremann, Y Lowney, DP Heimann, PA Allison, TK Matthews, T Falcone, RW TI Time-resolved measurements of the structure of water at constant density SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-BOND NETWORK; LOW-TEMPERATURE WATER; LIQUID WATER; PROTON-TRANSFER; VIBRATIONAL-RELAXATION; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; HYDRATED ELECTRON; SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS; REARRANGEMENTS AB Dynamical changes in the structure factor of liquid water, S(Q,t), are measured using time-resolved x-ray diffraction techniques with 100 ps resolution. On short time scales following femtosecond optical excitation, we observe temperature-induced changes associated with rearrangements of the hydrogen-bonded structure at constant volume, before the system has had time to expand. We invert this data to extract transient changes in the pair correlation function associated with isochoric heating effects, and interpret these in terms of a decrease in the local tetrahedral ordering. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Expt Syst Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Dublin City Univ, Microelect Grp, Res Inst Networks & Commun Engn, Dublin 9, Ireland. RP Lindenberg, AM (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM aaronl@slac.stanford.edu RI Allison, Thomas/F-8060-2012 NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 22 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 20 AR 204507 DI 10.1063/1.1906212 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 932HJ UT WOS:000229544500046 PM 15945752 ER PT J AU Mayeda, K Gok, R Walter, WR Hofstetter, A AF Mayeda, K Gok, R Walter, WR Hofstetter, A TI Evidence for non-constant energy/moment scaling from coda-derived source spectra SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADIATED SEISMIC ENERGY; APPARENT STRESS; UNITED-STATES; EARTHQUAKE; MOMENT; RELEASE; MAGNITUDES; CALIFORNIA; DROPS; DEPTH AB We present two lines of evidence showing the ratio of seismically radiated energy (E-R) to seismic moment (M-o) increases with increasing moment for crustal events spanning 5 orders in seismic moment. This ratio, often referred to as the scaled energy (e) over tilde(= E-R/M-0) has been elusive and the subject of recent debate within the seismological community. Because significant frequency-dependent corrections must be made to account for source and path heterogeneity, it is not uncommon that energy estimates of the same event by different researchers have significantly different values. To minimize some of the potential problems, we used the regional coda methodology outlined by Mayeda et al. ( 2003) on 4 large earthquake sequences; M-w 7.4 and 7.2 Izmit/ Duzce, M-w 7.2 Gulf of Aqaba, M-w 7.3 Landers, and M-w 7.2 Hector Mine. This methodology has been shown to provide the lowest variance estimate of the source spectrum when compared against traditional direct wave estimates. In our first approach we made energy estimates from coda-derived spectra and observed that (e) over tilde increases with increasing moment for 3.7 <= M-w <= 7.4. In our second approach we used the simple idea outlined by Prieto et al. ( 2004) to directly test for self similarity. Under self similarity, earthquake source spectra scaled by omega(-3) should have the same shape. To test this, one needs very stable spectra either through spectral stacking of direct wave spectra or by the use of stable coda-derived spectra. For all sequences we found that the mainshocks and larger aftershocks had significantly different spectral shapes than the smaller events. The scaled omega(-3) spectra of the larger events represented an upper bound, having larger amplitudes near the corner frequency. In fact, an omega(-3.5) scaling moved the larger events closer to the mean of the spectral population, though the spectral shape differences persisted. These results strongly suggest that earthquakes are not scaling self-similarly and that complexities in the rupture process such as variable slip velocity exist between small and large events. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Geophys Inst Israel, IL-7110 Lod, Israel. RP Mayeda, K (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, L-205,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM kmayeda@llnl.gov RI Walter, William/C-2351-2013; Gok, Rengin/O-6639-2014 OI Walter, William/0000-0002-0331-0616; NR 28 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 10 AR L10306 DI 10.1029/2005GL022405 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 932WI UT WOS:000229584800003 ER PT J AU Li, JH Moss, SC Zhang, Y Mascarenhas, A Bai, J AF Li, JH Moss, SC Zhang, Y Mascarenhas, A Bai, J TI X-ray characterization of atomic-layer superlattices SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference on High Resolution X-Ray Diffraction and Imaging CY SEP 07-10, 2004 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Crystallog Assoc, Slovak Crystallog Assoc, Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Masaryk Univ, Charles Univ ID SHORT-PERIOD SUPERLATTICES; SEGREGATION; GA AB We have characterized the structure of AlAs/GaAs atomic-layer superlattices by x-ray diffraction. We show that when the superlattice layers are only a few monolayers (MLs) thick, lateral domains of vertical extent of 1-2 MLs exist. The small layer thickness also magnifies the growth error, leading to periodic compositional stacking faults in the growth direction. As the layer thickness increases, the lateral domain structures tend to behave like interfacial roughness. Growth interruption between successive layers enlarges the lateral domains, but does not remove the vertical stacking faults. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Supercond & Adv Mat, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Li, JH (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RI Bai, Jianming/O-5005-2015 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 10A SI SI BP A147 EP A153 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/38/10A/028 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 941VY UT WOS:000230243500029 ER PT J AU Zhong, Y Krasnicki, S Macrander, AT Chu, YS Maj, J AF Zhong, Y Krasnicki, S Macrander, AT Chu, YS Maj, J TI Bragg-case limited projection topography study of surface damage in diamond-crystal plates SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference on High Resolution X-Ray Diffraction and Imaging CY SEP 07-10, 2004 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Crystallog Assoc, Slovak Crystallog Assoc, Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Masaryk Univ, Charles Univ ID X-RAY MONOCHROMATORS; SYNTHETIC DIAMONDS AB To characterize diamond monochromators for synchrotron radiation beamlines, images for a region 25 mu m below the surface were obtained. Topographical images of a Bragg-diffracted beam having a scattering angle (twice the Bragg angle) of 90 degrees were obtained from asymmetric reflections with a CCD area detector. A 25 mu m incident slit was used to section the sample topographically. Patchwork images for the full surface area, but limited in depth to the slit size, were assembled from microbeam images. The small extinction depths provided by the asymmetric reflection geometry, namely, 2.8 mu m and 3.5 mu m for ideal diamond crystals set for the (224) and (044) reflections, respectively, permitted data analyses for a region near the surface. The diamonds were synthetic type Ib (yellowish due to nitrogen impurities). They were in the shape of plates sized 6 x 5 mm and were 0.5 mm, thick. Measurements were made using monochromatic bending magnet radiation at the Advanced Photon Source at 12.04 keV and 13.90 keV. Data obtained before and after chemical etching demonstrate that damage visible as contrast from saw grooves is largely removed by etching. Dislocation etch pits were observed after etching for the (111) surface but not for the (100) surface. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Macrander, AT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM macrander@aps.anl.gov NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 10A SI SI BP A39 EP A43 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/38/10A/008 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 941VY UT WOS:000230243500009 ER PT J AU Wolf, DM Vazirani, VV Arkin, AP AF Wolf, DM Vazirani, VV Arkin, AP TI Diversity in times of adversity: probabilistic strategies in microbial survival games SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE random phase variation; game theory; stochastic; bacteria; sensors ID PHASE VARIATION; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; PRISONERS-DILEMMA; POPULATION; GENE; NETWORKS AB Population diversification strategies are ubiquitous among microbes, encompassing random phase-variation (RP V) of pathogenic bacteria, viral latency as observed in some bacteriophage and HIV, and the non-genetic diversity of bacterial stress responses. Precise conditions under which these diversification strategies confer an advantage have not been well defined. We develop a model of population growth conditioned on dynamical environmental and cellular states. Transitions among cellular states, in turn, may be biased by possibly noisy readings of the environment from cellular sensors. For various types of environmental dynamics and cellular sensor capability, we apply game-theoretic analysis to derive the evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) for an organism and determine when that strategy is diversification. We find that: (1) RPV, effecting a sort of Parrondo paradox wherein random alternations between losing strategies produce a winning strategy, is selected when transitions between different selective environments cannot be sensed, (2) optimal RP V cell switching rates are a function of environmental lifecycle asymmetries and environmental autocorrelation, (3) probabilistic diversification upon entering a new environment is selected when sensors can detect environmental transitions but have poor precision in identifying new environments, and (4) in the presence of excess additive noise, low-pass filtering is required for evolutionary stability. We show that even when RP V is not the ESS, it may minimize growth rate variance and the risk of extinction due to 'unlucky' environmental dynamics. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Dept BIoengn,Howar Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Coll Comp, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Wolf, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Dept BIoengn,Howar Hughes Med Inst, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 3-144, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dmwolf@lbl.gov; vazirani@cc.gatech.edu; aparkin@lbl.gov RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008 OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931 NR 78 TC 144 Z9 145 U1 4 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5193 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 234 IS 2 BP 227 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2004.11.020 PG 27 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 909GV UT WOS:000227849300008 PM 15757681 ER PT J AU Wolf, DM Vazirani, VV Arkin, AP AF Wolf, DM Vazirani, VV Arkin, AP TI A microbial modified prisoner's dilemma game: how frequency-dependent selection can lead to random phase variation SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE random phase variation; game theory; frequency-selective environment; bacteria; prisoner's dilemma ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; SPANDRELS; MECHANISM; EVOLUTION AB Random phase variation (RPV) is a control strategy in which the expression of a cell state or phenotype randomly alternates between discrete 'on' and 'off' states. Though this mode of control is common for bacterial virulence factors like pili and toxins, precise conditions under which RP V confers an advantage have not been well defined. In Part I of this study, we predicted that fluctuating environments select for RP V if transitions between different selective environments cannot be reliably sensed (J. Theor. Biol. (2005)). However, selective forces both inside and outside of human hosts are also likely to be frequency dependent in the sense that the fitnesses of some bacterial states are greatest when rare. Here we show that RPV at slow rates can provide a survival advantage in such a frequency-dependent environment by generating population heterogeneity, essentially mimicking a polymorphism. More surprisingly, RP Vat a faster 'optimal' rate can shift the population composition toward an optimal growth rate that exceeds that possible for polymorphic populations, but this optimal strategy is not evolutionarily stable. The population would be most fit if all cells randomly phase varied at the optimal rate, but individual cells have a growth-rate incentive to defect (mutate) to other switching rates or non-phase variable phenotype expression, leading to an overall loss of fitness of the individual and the population. This scenario describes a modified Prisoner's Dilemma game (Evolution and the Theory of Games, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, 1982, viii, 224pp.; Nature 398 (6726) (1999) 367), with random phase variation at optimal switching rates serving as the cooperation strategy. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Howard Hughes Med Inst,Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Coll Comp, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Wolf, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Howard Hughes Med Inst,Dept Bioengn, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 3-144, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dmwolf@lbl.gov; vazirani@cc.gatech.edu; aparkin@lbl.gov RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008 OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931 NR 30 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5193 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 234 IS 2 BP 255 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2004.11.021 PG 8 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 909GV UT WOS:000227849300009 PM 15757682 ER PT J AU Logan, G Bieniosek, F Celata, C Henestroza, E Kwan, J Lee, EP Leitner, M Prost, L Roy, P Seidl, PA Eylon, S Vay, JL Waldron, W Yu, S Barnard, J Callahan, D Cohen, R Friedman, A Grote, D Covo, MK Meier, WR Molvik, A Lund, S Davidson, R Efthimion, P Gilson, E Grisham, L Kaganovich, I Qin, H Startsev, E Rose, D Welch, D Olson, C Kishek, R O'Shea, P Haber, I AF Logan, G Bieniosek, F Celata, C Henestroza, E Kwan, J Lee, EP Leitner, M Prost, L Roy, P Seidl, PA Eylon, S Vay, JL Waldron, W Yu, S Barnard, J Callahan, D Cohen, R Friedman, A Grote, D Covo, MK Meier, WR Molvik, A Lund, S Davidson, R Efthimion, P Gilson, E Grisham, L Kaganovich, I Qin, H Startsev, E Rose, D Welch, D Olson, C Kishek, R O'Shea, P Haber, I TI Overview of US heavy-ion fusion progress and plans SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ AB Significant experimental and theoretical progress has been made in the US heavy-ion fusion program on high-current sources, injectors, transport, final focusing, chambers and targets for high-energy density physics (HEDP) and inertial fusion energy (IFE) driven by induction linac accelerators. One focus of present research is the beam physics associated with quadrupole focusing of intense, space-charge dominated heavy-ion beams, including gas and electron cloud effects at high currents, and the study of long-distance-propagation effects such as emittance growth due to field errors in scaled experiments. A second area of emphasis in present research is the introduction of background plasma to neutralize the space charge of intense heavy-ion beams and assist in focusing the beams to a small spot size. In the near future, research will continue in the above areas, and a new area of emphasis will be to explore the physics of neutralized beam compression and focusing to high intensities required to heat targets to high-energy density conditions as well as for inertial fusion energy. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Logan, G (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bglozan@lbl.gov NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.237 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300002 ER PT J AU Callahan, DA Clark, DS Koniges, AE Tabak, M Bennett, GR Cuneo, ME Vesey, RA Nikroo, A AF Callahan, DA Clark, DS Koniges, AE Tabak, M Bennett, GR Cuneo, ME Vesey, RA Nikroo, A TI Heavy-ion target physics and design in the USA SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE inertial fusion energy; heavy ion fusion; target design ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; DISTRIBUTED RADIATOR TARGET; 2 SIDES; DRIVEN; BEAMS; SYMMETRY; GEOMETRY; CAPSULE AB We present data and simulations of our first experiment to test shims as a method for improving symmetry in indirect drive targets. In the first set of experiments, we succeeded in reversing a P-2 from a capsule waist high drive to a capsule pole high drive. Shims are an important target design feature in the heavy-ion "hybrid" target. To help with optimizing a heavy-ion fusion power plant based on the hybrid target, we also calculated gain curves for this target. In addition, we are using analytic theory to test our computational models of nonlinear Rayleigh-Taylor instability bubble growth in converging geometry. This will give confidence in computational models as we push the capsule into areas of parameter space that are easier for the other parts of the power plant (accelerator, target fabrication) but have less margin and more instability growth. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Callahan, DA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-015, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM dcallahan@llnl.gov NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 9 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.177 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300003 ER PT J AU Goodin, DT Nobile, A Alexander, NB Gallix, R Maxwell, JL Petzoldt, RW Rickman, WS Valmianski, EI AF Goodin, DT Nobile, A Alexander, NB Gallix, R Maxwell, JL Petzoldt, RW Rickman, WS Valmianski, EI TI Progress in heavy ion-driven target fabrication and injection SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE fusion; inertial; heavy ions; targets; fabrication ID TRITIUM; DESIGN AB The target for an Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) power plant is compressed and heated to fusion conditions by the driver beams. The "Target Fabrication Facility" (TFF) of a 1000 MW(e) IFE power plant must supply over 500,000 targets per day. The target is then injected into the target chamber at a rate of 5-10 Hz and tracked precisely so the driver beams can be directed to the target. The feasibility of developing successful fabrication and injection methodologies at the low cost required for energy production (about $0.25/target, about 10(4) less than current costs) is a critical issue for inertial fusion. The technologies for producing Heavy Ion Fusion (HIF) targets have significant overlaps and synergisms with current-day inertial fusion experimental targets and with laser fusion (direct drive) IFE targets. Capsule formation and characterization, permeation filling, and layering of the DT using a cryogenic fluidized bed are common methodologies shared between laser fusion and HIF. Specific to HIF targets are the techniques for fabricating and assembling the hohlraum components. We will report on experimental progress with the Laser-assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (LCVD) technique to produce "micro-engineered" low-density metallic foams for the hohlraum, and calculations of hohlraums materials performance during handling. Fiber growth by LCVD in arrays has been demonstrated for the first time, important to achieve the volume production needed for IFE. We have also evaluated a variety of hohlraum material selections, with consideration of target physics, cost, ES&H, activation, and compatibility with the molten salt coolant. These materials include selections for once-through and for recycle scenarios. We have performed a cost analysis for an "nth-of-a-kind" Target Fabrication Facility using our current assumptions about the production processes. Some of these scenarios result in future target manufacturing costs consistent with economical electricity production. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. TSD Management Associates, Encinitas, CA USA. Gen Atom, San Diego, CA USA. RP Goodin, DT (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM dan.goodin@gat.com NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 34 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.192 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300006 ER PT J AU Nikroo, A Pontelandolfo, J Greenwood, AL Stillwell, JL Callahan, DA AF Nikroo, A Pontelandolfo, J Greenwood, AL Stillwell, JL Callahan, DA TI Fabrication of capsules with angle-dependent gold shims for hohlraum drive symmetry correction SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE fusion; heavy ions; shims; coatings; Z-pinch AB In the heavy ion drive hybrid target design for fusion energy, the hohlraum drive suffers from low mode, in particular, P4, asymmetry. Recent target designs have shown that this asymmetry can be removed by shimming the capsule with a high Z material. The shim varies in thickness as a function of the polar angle precisely to correct the asymmetry precisely. In this paper, we report on the first attempt at fabrication of such targets. These targets are typically similar to 4.7 mm in diameter and 20-30 mu m in wall thickness, with a gold coating as the shim, approximately a few tenths of micrometers in thickness. These targets were made for experiments at Sandia National Laboratory's (SNL) double-ended Z-pinch experiments, which closely mimic heavy ion drive. We discuss fabrication and characterization issues involved in making these targets. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Engn Mech, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. LLNL, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Nikroo, A (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM abbas.nikroo@gat.com NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 42 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.193 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300007 ER PT J AU Tabak, M Callahan, D AF Tabak, M Callahan, D TI Models of gain curves for fast ignition SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE fast ignition; heavy ion fusion; laser; direct drive; optimization; gain curve ID DISTRIBUTED RADIATOR; DRIVEN; TARGET; BEAMS; FUEL AB We consider gain curves for Fast Ignition that have the following ingredients: hydrodynamic efficiency of the implosion for a range of drive intensities, density of the assembled fuel resulting from the reflected shock produced at the culmination of the implosion, effective particle range produced in the laser-plasma interaction as well as the heat capacity of the ignition region as determined by Atzeni. The dependence of the gain curves on the coupling efficiency from ignition laser to fuel, allowed in-flight-aspect-ratio, compressed fuel density profile and fraction of implosion energy in the compressed fuel is shown. In addition the fraction of the total driver energy devoted to the ignition driver that maximizes the gain is shown. These estimates will be made for systems where the implosion is directly driven with a laser of various colors or indirectly with a heavy ion beam. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Tabak, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-015,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM tabak1@llnl.gov NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 48 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.279 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300008 ER PT J AU Geissel, M Roth, M Allen, M Audebert, P Basko, M Blazevic, A Brambrink, E Cobble, J Cowan, TE Cuneo, ME Fernandez, JC Fuchs, J Gauthier, JC Hegelich, M Karsch, S AF Geissel, M Roth, M Allen, M Audebert, P Basko, M Blazevic, A Brambrink, E Cobble, J Cowan, TE Cuneo, ME Fernandez, JC Fuchs, J Gauthier, JC Hegelich, M Karsch, S TI M.I-12: short pulse laser generated ion beams for fast ignition SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE high-power lasers; laser generated ions; fast ignition ID PROTON-BEAMS; ABSORPTION; TARGETS AB This paper reports the results of a series of experiments oil laser generated ions using the 100 TW laser at the 'Laboratiore pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses (LULI)' at the Ecole Polythechnique in Palaiseau, France, and the 30 TW 'Trident' facility at Los Alamos National Laboratories in New Mexico, USA. It shows the importance of the 'Target Normal Sheath Acceleration' process (TNSA) for short pulse laser generated ion beams and its connection to the influence of target properties on the ion beam quality. It is shown that TNSA-generated protons form an ion beam with superior beam quality, following versatile spatial beam shaping approaches. These insights are set into perspective for a fast ignitor scenario based on short pulse laser generated protons. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Tech Univ Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lab Utilisat Lasers Intense, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117218, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1193, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mgleisse@sandia.gov RI Fernandez, Juan/H-3268-2011; Fuchs, Julien/D-3450-2016; Cowan, Thomas/A-8713-2011; Basko, Mikhail/Q-7767-2016 OI Fernandez, Juan/0000-0002-1438-1815; Fuchs, Julien/0000-0001-9765-0787; Cowan, Thomas/0000-0002-5845-000X; Basko, Mikhail/0000-0001-8809-8601 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 55 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.288 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300009 ER PT J AU Town, RPJ Chen, C Cottrill, LA Key, MH Kruer, WL Langdon, AB Lasinski, BF Snavely, RA Still, CH Tabak, M Welch, DR Wilks, SC AF Town, RPJ Chen, C Cottrill, LA Key, MH Kruer, WL Langdon, AB Lasinski, BF Snavely, RA Still, CH Tabak, M Welch, DR Wilks, SC TI Simulations of electron transport for fast ignition using LSP SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE fast ignition; plasma simulation; intense-particle beams; laser light absorption in plasmas ID TARGETS; PHOTON AB A crucial issue for the viability of the fast ignition approach to inertial fusion energy is the transport of the ignition pulse energy from the critical surface to the high-density compressed fuel. Experiments have characterized this transport through the interaction of short pulse, high intensity lasers with solid-density targets containing thin K alpha fluorescence layers. These experiments show a reasonably well-collimated beam, although with a significantly larger radius than the incident laser beam. We report on LSP calculations of these experiments, which show reasonable agreement with the experimental observations. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Town, RPJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM town2@llnl.gov NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 61 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.194 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300010 ER PT J AU Kaganovich, ID Startsev, EA Davidson, RC Kecskemeti, SR Bin-Nun, A Mueller, D Grisham, L Watson, RL Horvat, V Zaharakis, KE Peng, Y AF Kaganovich, ID Startsev, EA Davidson, RC Kecskemeti, SR Bin-Nun, A Mueller, D Grisham, L Watson, RL Horvat, V Zaharakis, KE Peng, Y TI Ionization cross-sections for ion-atom collisions in high-energy ion beams SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE atom-ion collisions; stripping; ionization ID IMPACT-IONIZATION AB Knowledge of ion-atom ionization cross-sections is of great importance for many accelerator applications. We have recently investigated theoretically and experimentally the stripping of more than IS different pairs of projectile and target particles in the range of 3-38 MeV/amu to study the range of validity of both the Born approximation and the classical trajectory calculation. In most cases, both approximations give similar results. However, for fast projectile velocities and low-ionization potentials, the classical approach is not valid and can overestimate the stripping cross-sections by neutral atoms by an order-of-magnitude. Therefore, a hybrid approach that automatically chooses between the Born approximation and the classical mechanics approximation depending on the parameters of the collision has been developed. When experimental data and theoretical calculations are not available, approximate formulas are frequently used. Based on experimental data and theoretical predictions, a new fit formula for ionization cross-sections by fully stripped ions is proposed. The resulting plots of the scaled ionization cross-sections of hydrogen by fully stripped ions are presented. The new fit formula has also been applied to the ionization cross-sections of helium. Again, the experimental and theoretical results merge close together on the scaled plot. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Inst Cyclotron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Kaganovich, ID (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM ikaganov@pppl.gov NR 16 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 91 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.198 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300014 ER PT J AU Startsev, EA Davidson, RC Qin, H AF Startsev, EA Davidson, RC Qin, H TI Three-dimensional numerical studies of the temperature anisotropy instability in intense charged particle beams SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE temperature anisotropy instability; charged-particle beams; numerical simulation ID DELTA-F SIMULATION AB In neutral plasmas with a uniform magnetic field and strongly anisotropic distribution function (T-broken vertical bar/T-perpendicular to<< 1) an electrostatic Harris-type collective instability may develop if the plasma is sufficiently dense. Such anisotropies develop naturally in accelerators, and a similar instability may lead to a deterioration of the beam quality in a one-component nonneutral charged particle beam. The instability may also lead to an increase in the longitudinal velocity spread, which would make the focusing of the beam difficult and impose a limit on the minimum spot size achievable in heavy ion fusion experiments. This paper reports the results of recent numerical studies of the temperature anisotropy instability using the newly developed Beam Eigenmodes And Spectra (bEASt) code for space-charge-dominated, low-emittance beams with large tune depression (v/v0 << 1). Such high-intensity beams are relevant to next-step experiments such as the Integrated Beam Experiment (IBX), which would serve as proof-of-principal experiment for heavy-ion fusion. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Startsev, EA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM estarts@pppl.gov NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 125 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.201 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300019 ER PT J AU Kwan, JW Baca, D Henestroza, E Kapica, J Bieniosek, FM Waldron, WL Vay, JL Yu, S Westenskow, GA Grote, DP Halaxa, E Haber, I Grisham, L AF Kwan, JW Baca, D Henestroza, E Kapica, J Bieniosek, FM Waldron, WL Vay, JL Yu, S Westenskow, GA Grote, DP Halaxa, E Haber, I Grisham, L TI Ion source and injector experiments at the HIF/VNL SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE RF multicusp source; ion source; injector; beam optics; emittance; simulation ID MESH REFINEMENT; SIMULATIONS; FUSION AB The heavy-ion fusion program is conducting several ion source and injector experiments to support ongoing HIF beam transport experiments and to develop new injector concepts for future fusion drivers. In the area of large diameter surface source, we studied the beam optics, experimented with aperturing, and benchmarked the computer simulation code. Steady progress was made in the merging beamlet experiment. The RF plasma source was optimized to produce high current density beamlets. Computer simulation of merging beamlets had produced a design and the hardware is being fabricated. We are examining a new concept based on accel-decel injection to produce super-high line charge density for application in driving targets for high energy density physics studies. Since trapping of secondary electrons in high current positive ion beams is still a concern for HIF, we consider a backup option using negative ion beams. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Kwan, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Bldg 47 R0112, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jwkwan@lbl.gov NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 134 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.202 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300020 ER PT J AU Celata, CM AF Celata, CM TI Scientific issues in future induction linac accelerators for heavy-ion fusion SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE fusion; inertial; heavy-ion; nonneutral plasma ID BEAM EXPERIMENT; TRANSPORT; DESIGN AB The worldwide heavy-ion fusion effort has made a large amount of progress over almost three decades of research on the intense beam physics and concepts needed for an inertial fusion driver. In the 1970s, '80s, and '90s in the US, most experiments used driver parameters scaled to low energy and low line charge density in order to study, most often with a single beam, the physics of high-perveance beams. More recently, the US program has introduced higher line charge density experiments, where the beam space charge potential is significant. This allows investigation of the production, and effect on the beam, of stray electrons. Increasingly, the possibilities for neutralizing plasmas are also being investigated, both just upstream and in the target chamber. This talk will outline the scientific issues that remain to be examined. These include issues of longitudinal compression, dynamic aperture, electron/ion instabilities, effect of electrons and gas on the beam, longitudinal emittance evolution, halo production, inductive effects at high energy, multiple beams, innovative final focus approaches, and driver issues for solenoidal transport. An outline of future experiments to address these issues will be presented and discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Celata, CM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM CMCelata@lbl.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 142 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.203 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300021 ER PT J AU Prost, LR Bieniosek, FM Celata, CM Faltens, A Seidl, PA Waldron, WL Cohen, R Friedman, A Covo, MK Lund, SM Molvik, AW Haber, I AF Prost, LR Bieniosek, FM Celata, CM Faltens, A Seidl, PA Waldron, WL Cohen, R Friedman, A Covo, MK Lund, SM Molvik, AW Haber, I TI Experimental study of the transport limits of intense heavy ion beams in the HCX SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE inertial fusion energy; heavy-ion; linear accelerator; space-charge; phase-space; electrostatic transport; magnetic transport; quadrupole ID IN-CELL SIMULATIONS AB The High Current Experiment (HCX) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is part of the US program to explore heavy-ion beam transport at a scale representative of the low-energy end of an induction linac driver for fusion energy production. The primary mission of this experiment is to investigate aperture fill factors acceptable for the transport of space-charge-dominated heavy-ion beams at high space-charge intensity (line charge density up to similar to 0.2 mu C/m) over long pulse durations (4ps) in alternating gradient focusing lattices of electrostatic or magnetic quadrupoles. The experiment also contributes to the practical baseline knowledge of intense beam manipulations necessary for the design, construction and operation of a heavy ion driver for inertial fusion. This experiment tests transport issues resulting from nonlinear space-charge effects and collective modes, beam centroid alignment and beam steering. matching, image charges, halo, electron cloud effects, and longitudinal bunch control. We first present the results for a coasting 1 MeV K+ ion beam transported through the first ten electrostatic transport quadrupoles, measured with optical beam-imaging and double-slit phase-space diagnostics. This includes studies at two different radial fill factors (60% and 80%), for which the beam transverse distribution was characterized in detail. Additionally, beam energy measurements will be shown. We then discuss the first results of beam transport through four pulsed room-temperature magnetic quadrupoles (located downstream of the electrostatic quadrupoles), where the beam dynamics become more sensitive to the presence of secondary electrons. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Prost, LR (reprint author), Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500-MS 306, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM lprost@fnal.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 151 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.287 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300022 ER PT J AU Friedman, A AF Friedman, A TI Simulation of intense beams for Heavy Ion Fusion SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE accelerator; fusion; heavy-ion; induction; simulation; particle-in-cell; plasma; beam ID CHAMBER-TRANSPORT AB Computer simulations of intense ion beams play a key role in the Heavy Ion Fusion research program. Along with analytic theory, they are used to develop future experiments, guide ongoing experiments, and aid in the analysis and interpretation of experimental results. They also afford access to regimes not yet accessible in the experimental program. The U.S. Heavy Ion Fusion Virtual National Laboratory and its collaborators have developed state-of-the art computational tools, related both to codes used for stationary plasmas and to codes used for traditional accelerator applications, but necessarily differing from each in important respects. These tools model beams in varying levels of detail and at widely varying computational cost. They include moment models (envelope equations and fluid descriptions), particle-in-cell methods (electrostatic and electromagnetic), nonlinear-perturbative descriptions ("delta f"), and continuum Vlasov methods. Increasingly, it is becoming clear that it is necessary to simulate not just the beams themselves, but also the environment in which they exist, be it an intentionally created plasma or an unwanted cloud of electrons and gas. In this paper, examples of the application of simulation tools to intense ion beam physics are presented, including support of present-day experiments, fundamental beam physics studies, and the development of future experiments. Throughout, new computational models are described and their utility explained. These include Mesh Refinement (and its dynamic variant, Adaptive Mesh Refinement); improved electron cloud and gas models, and an electron advance scheme that allows use of larger time steps; and moving-mesh and adaptive-mesh Vlasov methods. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Friedman, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,Mail Stop L-645, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM af@llnl.gov NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 160 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.236 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300023 ER PT J AU Gilson, EP Chung, M Davidson, RC Efthimion, PC Majeski, R Startsev, EA AF Gilson, EP Chung, M Davidson, RC Efthimion, PC Majeski, R Startsev, EA TI Simulation of long-distance beam propagation in the Paul trap simulator experiment SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE ion beam; accelerator; plasma; Paul trap AB The Paul Trap Simulator Experiment (PTSX) simulates the propagation of intense charged particle beams over distances of many kilometers through magnetic alternating-gradient (AG) transport systems by making use of the similarity between the transverse dynamics of particles in the two systems. One-component pure ion plasmas have been trapped that correspond to normalized intensity parameter s = omega(p)(2)(0)/2 omega(q)(2)<= 0.8 where omega(p)(r) is the plasma frequency and omega(q) is the average transverse focusing frequency in the smooth focusing approximation. The PTSX device confines one-component cesium ion plasmas for hundreds of milliseconds, which is equivalent to beam propagation over 10 km. Results are presented for experiments in which the amplitude of the confining voltage waveform has been modified as a function of time. Recent modifications to the device are described, and both the change from a cesium ion source to a barium ion source, and the development of a laser-induced fluorescence diagnostic system are discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Gilson, EP (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM egilson@pppl.gov NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 171 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.204 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300024 ER PT J AU Lee, E AF Lee, E TI Solenoid transport for heavy ion fusion SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE solenoid magnets; brillouin flow; stability; modular driver AB Solenoid transport of high current, heavy ion beams is considered for several stages of a heavy ion fusion driver. In general, this option is more efficient than magnetic quadrupole transport at sufficiently low kinetic energy and/or large elm, and for this reason it has been employed in electron induction linacs. Ideally, an ion beam would be transported in a state of Brillouin flow, i.e. cold in the transverse plane and spinning at one half the cyclotron frequency. The design of appropriate solenoids and the equilibrium and stability of transported ion beams are discussed. An outline of application to a fusion driver is also presented. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lee, E (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Bldg 47R0112,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM EPLee@lbl.gov NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 187 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.205 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300026 ER PT J AU Molvik, AW Covo, MK Bieniosek, FM Cohen, RH Faltens, A Friedman, A Lund, SM Prost, L Seidl, PA AF Molvik, AW Covo, MK Bieniosek, FM Cohen, RH Faltens, A Friedman, A Lund, SM Prost, L Seidl, PA TI Experimental studies of electrons in a heavy-ion beam SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE electron cloud; mitigation; pressure rise; pressure measurement AB We have measured electron and gas emission from 1 MeV K+ impact on surfaces near grazing incidence on the High-Current Experiment (HCX) at LBNL. Electron emission coefficients reach values of 130, whereas gas desorption coefficients are near 10(4). Mitigation techniques are being studied: a bead-blasted rough surface reduces electron emission by a factor of 10 and gas desorption by a factor of 2. Diagnostics are installed on HCX, between and within quadrupole magnets, to measure the beam halo loss, net charge and expelled ions, from which we infer gas density, electron trapping, and the effects of mitigation techniques. Here we discuss a new diagnostic technique that measures gas pressure and electron ionization rates within quadrupole magnets during the beam transit. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Molvik, AW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-645, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM molvik1@llnl.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 194 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.206 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300027 ER PT J AU Lifschitz, AF Maynard, G Vay, JL AF Lifschitz, AF Maynard, G Vay, JL TI Dynamics of neutralizing electrons and the focusability of intense ion beams in HIF accelerating structures SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE heavy ion fusion; intense ion beams; reaction chamber ID CHAMBER TRANSPORT; FUSION; PROPAGATION AB In most of the proposals for HIF reactors, beams propagate ballistically through the containment chamber. To get the required final radius (similar to 3 mm), the charge of the beam must be neutralized to some extent. Several neutralization schemes are possible, as co-injection of negative-ion beams, inclusion of external sources of electrons, or it can be provided by electrons coming from ionization of the background gas. In this work, we study the role of the electron dynamic on the neutralization and final radius of the beam. This is done by performing fully electromagnetic PIC simulations of the beam ballistic transport using the BPIC code (Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 464 (2001) 118). In agreement with previous works we found that the evolution of an isolated beam is well described as a bidimensional adiabatic compression, and the beam neutralization degree and final radius can be estimated from the initial electron transversal temperature. When a background gas is present the evolution differs significantly from an adiabatic compression. Even for low gas densities, the continuous electrons flow coming from gas ionization limits efficiently the compressional heating, thus reducing the final radius. Aspects of beam neutralization by background gas ionization are discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Lab Phys Gas & Plasmas, UMR 8578, F-91405 Orsay, France. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lifschitz, AF (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Lab Phys Gas & Plasmas, UMR 8578, Bat 425, F-91405 Orsay, France. EM agustin.lifschitz@lpgp.u-psud.fr NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 202 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.207 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300028 ER PT J AU Cohen, RH Friedman, A Lund, SM Molvik, AW Azevedo, T Vay, JL Stoltz, P Veitzer, S AF Cohen, RH Friedman, A Lund, SM Molvik, AW Azevedo, T Vay, JL Stoltz, P Veitzer, S TI Simulating electron cloud effects in heavy-ion beams SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE electron clouds; accelerators; heavy ions; fusion AB Stray electrons can be introduced in heavy-ion fusion accelerators as a result of ionization of ambient gas or gas released from walls due to halo-ion impact, or as a result of secondary-electron emission. We summarize here results from several studies of electron-cloud accumulation and effects: (1) We calculate the electron cloud produced by electron desorption from computed beam-ion loss and the importance of ion scattering is shown. (2) We simulate the effect of specified electron cloud distributions on ion beam dynamics. We find electron cloud variations that are resonant with the breathing mode of the beam have the biggest impact on the beam (larger than other resonant and random variations), and that the ion beam is surprisingly robust, with an electron density several percent of the beam density required to produce significant beam degradation in a 200-quadrupole system. We identify a possible instability associated with desorption and resonance with the breathing mode. (3) We carry out preliminary investigations of a long-timestep algorithm for electron dynamics in arbitrary magnetic fields. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. TechX Corp, Boulder, CO USA. RP Cohen, RH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808 L-630, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rcohen@llnl.gov NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 210 EP 215 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.208 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300029 ER PT J AU Grisham, LR Hahto, SK Hahto, ST Kwan, JW Leung, KN AF Grisham, LR Hahto, SK Hahto, ST Kwan, JW Leung, KN TI Experimental evaluation of a negative-ion source for a heavy-ion fusion negative-ion driver SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE negative ions; ion-ion plasmas; halogen plasmas; heavy-ion fusion ID BEAM; SIMULATION; CHAMBER AB Negative halogen ions have recently been proposed as a possible alternative to positive ions for heavy-ion fusion drivers because electron accumulation would not be a problem in the accelerator, and if desired, the beams could be photodetached to neutrals (Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 464 (2001) 315; Fusion Sci. Technol. 43 (2003) 191; Laser Part. Beams 21 (2003) 545). To test the ability to make suitable quality beams, an experiment was conducted at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory using chlorine in an RF-driven ion source. Without introducing any cesium (which is required to enhance negative ion production in hydrogen ion sources) a negative chlorine current density of 45 mA/cm(2) was obtained under the same conditions that gave 57 mA/cm(2) of positive chlorine, suggesting the presence of nearly as many negative ions as positive ions in the plasma near the extraction plane. The negative-ion spectrum was 99.5% atomic chlorine ions, with only 0.5% molecular chlorine, and essentially no impurities. Although this experiment did not incorporate the type of electron suppression technology that is used in negative hydrogen beam extraction, the ratio of co-extracted electrons to Cl- was as low as 7 to 1, many times lower than the ratio of their mobilities, suggesting that few electrons are present in the near-extractor plasma. This, along with the near-equivalence of the positive- and negative-ion currents, suggests that the plasma in this region was mostly an ion-ion plasma. The negative chlorine current density was relatively insensitive to pressure, and scaled linearly with RF power. If this linear scaling continues to hold at higher RF powers, it should permit current densities of 100 mA/cm(2), sufficient for present heavy-ion fusion injector concepts. The effective ion temperatures of the positive and negative ions appeared to be similar and relatively low for a plasma source. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Grisham, LR (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM lgrisham@pppl.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 216 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.209 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300030 ER PT J AU Roy, PK Yu, SS Eylon, S Henestroza, E Anders, A Gilson, EP Bieniosek, FM Greenway, WG Logan, BG Waldron, WL Shuman, DB Vanecek, DL Welch, DR Rose, DV Thoma, C Davidson, RC Efthimion, PC Kaganovich, I Sefkow, AB Sharp, WM AF Roy, PK Yu, SS Eylon, S Henestroza, E Anders, A Gilson, EP Bieniosek, FM Greenway, WG Logan, BG Waldron, WL Shuman, DB Vanecek, DL Welch, DR Rose, DV Thoma, C Davidson, RC Efthimion, PC Kaganovich, I Sefkow, AB Sharp, WM TI Neutralized transport experiment SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE beam transport; neutralization; plasma; diagnostic ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; HEAVY-ION FUSION; CHAMBER TRANSPORT; BEAMS; DRIVEN; PLASMA; CHARGE AB Experimental details on providing active neutralization of high brightness ion beam have been demonstrated for Heavy Ion Fusion program. A K+ beam was extracted from a variable-perveance injector and transported through 2.4m long quadrupole lattice for final focusing. Neutralization was provided by a localized cathode arc plasma plug and a RE volume plasma system. Effects of beam perveance, emittance, convergence focusing angle, and axial focusing position on neutralization have been investigated. Good agreement has been observed with theory and experiment throughout the study. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Roy, PK (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MS 47R 0112,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM PKRoy@lbl.gov RI Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009 OI Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505 NR 32 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 225 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.210 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300031 ER PT J AU Welch, DR Rose, DV Genoni, TC Yu, SS Barnard, JJ AF Welch, DR Rose, DV Genoni, TC Yu, SS Barnard, JJ TI Simulations of neutralized final focus SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE heavy ion fusion; space charge; neutralization; final focus; transport ID HEAVY-ION FUSION; CHAMBER TRANSPORT; BEAM TRANSPORT; DESIGN AB in order to drive an inertial fusion target or study high-energy density physics with heavy ion beams, the beam radius must be focused to < 3 mm and the pulselength must be compressed to < 10 ns. The conventional scheme for temporal pulse compression makes use of an increasing ion velocity to compress the beam as it drifts and beam space charge to stagnate the compression before final focus. Beam compression in a neutralizing plasma does not require stagnation of the compression, enabling a more robust method. The final pulse shape at the target can be programmed by an applied velocity tilt. In this paper, neutralized drift compression is investigated. The sensitivity of the compression and focusing to beam momentum spread, plasma, and magnetic field conditions is studied with realistic driver examples. Using the 3D particle-in-cell code, we examine issues associated with self-field generation, stability, and vacuum-neutralized transport transition and focusing. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Welch, DR (reprint author), Mission Res Corp, 5001 Indian Sch Rd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. EM drwelch@mrcabq.com NR 15 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 236 EP 242 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.211 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300032 ER PT J AU Barnard, JJ Bangerter, RO Henestroza, E Kaganovich, ID Logan, BG Meier, WR Rose, DV Santhanam, P Sharp, WM Welch, DR Yu, SS AF Barnard, JJ Bangerter, RO Henestroza, E Kaganovich, ID Logan, BG Meier, WR Rose, DV Santhanam, P Sharp, WM Welch, DR Yu, SS TI A final focus model for heavy-ion fusion driver system codes SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE inertial fusion energy; heavy-ion fusion; space-charge; emittance growth; final focus; beam neutralization; chromatic aberrations; geometric aberrations ID CHAMBER TRANSPORT; NEUTRALIZATION; SIMULATIONS; DESIGN; CHARGE; BEAMS AB The need to reach high temperatures in an inertial fusion energy (IFE) target (or a target for the study of High Energy Density Physics, HEDP) requires the ability to focus ion beams down to a small spot. System models indicate that within the accelerator, the beam radius will be of the order of centimeters, whereas at the final focal spot on the target, a beam radius of the order of millimeters is required, so radial compression factors of order ten are required. The IFE target gain (and hence the overall cost of electricity) and the HEDP target temperature are sensitive functions of the final spot radius oil target. Because of this sensitivity, careful attention needs to be paid to the spot radius calculation. We review our current understanding of the elements that enter into a systems model (such as emittance growth from chromatic, geometric, and non-linear space charge forces) for the final focus based on a quadrupolar magnet system. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Barnard, JJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM jbarnard@llnl.gov NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 243 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.212 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300033 ER PT J AU Qin, H Davidson, RC Barnard, JJ Lee, EP AF Qin, H Davidson, RC Barnard, JJ Lee, EP TI Drift compression and final focus options for heavy ion fusion SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE beam compression; self-similar symmetry; heavy ion fusion AB A drift compression and final focus lattice for heavy ion beams should focus the entire beam pulse onto the same focal spot on the target. We show that this requirement implies that the drift compression design needs to satisfy a self-similar symmetry condition. For un-neutralized beams, the Lie symmetry group analysis is applied to the warm-fluid model to systematically derive the self-similar drift compression solutions. For neutralized beams, the ID Vlasov equation is solved explicitly and families of self-similar drift compression solutions are constructed. To compensate for the deviation from the self-similar symmetry condition due to the transverse emittance, four time-dependent magnets are introduced in the upstream of the drift compression such that the entire beam pulse can be focused onto the same focal spot. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Qin, H (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM hongqin@princeton.edu NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 255 EP 261 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.214 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300034 ER PT J AU Bieniosek, FM Eylon, S Faltens, A Friedman, A Kwan, JW Leitner, MA Molvik, AW Prost, L Roy, PK Seidl, PA Westenskow, G AF Bieniosek, FM Eylon, S Faltens, A Friedman, A Kwan, JW Leitner, MA Molvik, AW Prost, L Roy, PK Seidl, PA Westenskow, G TI Diagnostics for intense heavy-ion beams in the HIF-VNL SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE inertial fusion energy; heavy-ion beam; linear accelerator; space-charge; phase space; diagnostics AB Modern diagnostic techniques provide detailed information on beam conditions in injector, transport, and final focus experiments in the HIF-VNL. Parameters of interest include beam current, beam energy, transverse and longitudinal distributions, emittance, and space charge neutralization. Imaging techniques, based on kapton films and optical scintillators, complement and, in some cases, may replace conventional techniques based on slit scans. Time-resolved optical diagnostics that provide 4-D transverse information on the experimental beams are in operation on the existing experiments. Current work includes a compact optical diagnostic suitable for insertion in transport lines, improved algorithms for optical data analysis and interpretation, a high-resolution electrostatic energy analyzer, and an electron beam probe. A longitudinal diagnostic kicker generates longitudinal space-charge waves that travel on the beam. Time of flight of the space-charge waves and an electrostatic energy analyzer provide an absolute measure of the beam energy. Special diagnostics to detect secondary electrons and gases desorbed from the wall have been developed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Bieniosek, FM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd Bldg 47R0112, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM fmbieniosek@lbl.gov NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 268 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.020 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300036 ER PT J AU Cowan, TE Fuchs, J Ruhl, H Sentoku, Y Kemp, A Audebert, P Roth, M Stephens, R Barton, I Blazevic, A Brambrink, E Cobble, J Fernandez, JC Gauthier, JC Geissel, M Hegelich, M Kaae, J Karsch, S Le Sage, GP Letzring, S Manclossi, M Meyroneinc, S Newkirk, A Pepin, H Renard-LeGalloudec, N AF Cowan, TE Fuchs, J Ruhl, H Sentoku, Y Kemp, A Audebert, P Roth, M Stephens, R Barton, I Blazevic, A Brambrink, E Cobble, J Fernandez, JC Gauthier, JC Geissel, M Hegelich, M Kaae, J Karsch, S Le Sage, GP Letzring, S Manclossi, M Meyroneinc, S Newkirk, A Pepin, H Renard-LeGalloudec, N TI Ultra-low emittance, high current proton beams produced with a laser-virtual cathode sheath accelerator SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE high current proton beams ID GENERATION; RADIATION; ELECTRONS; DRIVEN; SOLIDS; PLASMA; IONS AB The laminarity of high current multi-MeV proton beams produced by irradiating thin metallic foils with ultra-intense lasers has been measured. For proton energies > 10 MeV, the transverse and longitudinal emittance are, respectively, < 0.004 mm mrad and < 10(-4) eVs, i.e. at least 100-fold and may be as much as 10(4)-fold better than conventional accelerators beams. The ion beam source size is measured to be < 15 mu m (fwhm) for proton energies > 10 MeV. Magnetic stripping of the co-moving electrons out of the beam after a few cm of debunching is not observed to induce emittance growth. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Univ Paris 06, Ecole Polytech, CEA,CNRS, UMR 7605,Lab Utilisat Lasers Intenses, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, Garching, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94450 USA. Ecole Polytech, ENSTA, Lab Opt Appl, F-91761 Palaiseau, France. Ctr Protontherapie Orsay, F-91402 Orsay, France. RP Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, MS 220, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM cowan@physics.unr.edu RI Fernandez, Juan/H-3268-2011; Fuchs, Julien/D-3450-2016; Cowan, Thomas/A-8713-2011; Sentoku, Yasuhiko/P-5419-2014; OI Fernandez, Juan/0000-0002-1438-1815; Fuchs, Julien/0000-0001-9765-0787; Cowan, Thomas/0000-0002-5845-000X; Stephens, Richard/0000-0002-7034-6141 NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 277 EP 284 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.221 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300037 ER PT J AU Sabbi, G Chiesa, L Faltens, A Lietzke, A Seidl, P Lund, S Martovetsky, N Gung, C Minervini, J Schultz, J Hwang, P Goodzeit, C Hinson, W Meinke, R AF Sabbi, G Chiesa, L Faltens, A Lietzke, A Seidl, P Lund, S Martovetsky, N Gung, C Minervini, J Schultz, J Hwang, P Goodzeit, C Hinson, W Meinke, R TI Development of superconducting magnet systems for HIF experiments SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE superconducting magnet; magnetic transport; quadrupole; heavy ion accelerator; inertial fusion energy ID QUADRUPOLES AB The U.S. Heavy Ion Fusion program is developing superconducting focusing quadrupoles for near-term experiments and future driver accelerators. Following the fabrication and testing of several models, a baseline quadrupole design was selected and further optimized. The first prototype of the optimized design has achieved a conductor-limited gradient of 132 T/m in a 70 mm bore, with measured field harmonics within 10 parts in 10(4). In parallel, a compact focusing doublet was fabricated and tested using two of the first-generation quadrupoles. After assembly in the cryostat, both magnets reached their conductor-limited quench current. Further optimization steps are currently underway to improve the performance of the magnet system and reduce its cost. They include the fabrication and test of a new prototype quadrupole with reduced field errors as well as improvements of the cryostat design for the focusing doublet. The prototype focusing units will be installed in the HCX beamline at LBNL, to perform accelerator physics experiments and gain operational experience. Successful results in the present phase will make superconducting magnets a viable option for the next generation of integrated beam experiments. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Boston, MA 02139 USA. Adv Magnet & Cryogen, Macungie, PA 18062 USA. Adv Magnet Lab, Palm Bay, FL 32905 USA. RP Sabbi, G (reprint author), 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA USA. EM GLSabbi@lbl.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 285 EP 293 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.022 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300038 ER PT J AU Yu, SS Abbott, RP Bangerter, RO Barnard, JJ Briggs, RJ Callahan, D Celata, CM Davidson, R Debonnel, CS Eylon, S Faltens, A Friedman, A Grote, DP Heitzenroeder, P Henestroza, E Kaganovich, I Kwan, JW Latkowski, JF Lee, EP Logan, BG Peterson, PF Rose, D Roy, PK Sabbi, GL Seidl, PA Sharp, WM Welch, DR AF Yu, SS Abbott, RP Bangerter, RO Barnard, JJ Briggs, RJ Callahan, D Celata, CM Davidson, R Debonnel, CS Eylon, S Faltens, A Friedman, A Grote, DP Heitzenroeder, P Henestroza, E Kaganovich, I Kwan, JW Latkowski, JF Lee, EP Logan, BG Peterson, PF Rose, D Roy, PK Sabbi, GL Seidl, PA Sharp, WM Welch, DR TI Heavy ion fusion (HIF) driver point designs SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE heavy ion; inertial fusion; robust point design; induction core; chamber; RPD; MPD ID TRANSPORT; SIMULATION; CHAMBER AB In this paper we report on two Heavy Ion Fusion (HIF) driver point design studies. The Robust Point Design (RPD) was completed over a year ago, and the Modular Point Design (MPD) is still in progress. The goal of any point design study is to construct a detailed design that is self-consistent and integrated from injector to target. This has been the primary theme of both studies. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Berkeley, CA USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Mission Res Corp, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Yu, SS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ssyu@lbl.gov NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 294 EP 299 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.223 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300039 ER PT J AU Meier, WR Logan, BG AF Meier, WR Logan, BG TI Systems analysis for modular vs. multi-beam HIF drivers SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE heavy ion; inertial fusion; driver; accelerator; solenoid magnets; systems model ID HEAVY-ION FUSION AB Previous modeling for HIF drivers concentrated on designs in which 100 or more beams are grouped in an array and accelerated through a common set of induction cores. The total beam energy required by the target is achieved by the combination of final ion energy, current per beam and number of beams. Economic scaling favors a large number of small (similar to 1 cm diameter) beams. An alternative architecture has now been investigated, which we refer to as a modular driver. In this case, the driver is subdivided into many (> 10) independent accelerators with one or many beams each. A key objective of the modular driver approach is to be able to demonstrate all aspects of the driver (source-to-target) by building a single, lower-cost module compared to a full-scale, multi-beam driver. We consider and compare several design options for the modular driver including single-beam designs with solenoid instead of quadrupole magnets in order to transport the required current per module in a single beam, solenoid/quad combinations, and multi-beam, all-quad designs. The drivers are designed to meet the requirements of the hybrid target, which can accommodate a larger spot size than the distributed radiator target that was used for the Robust Point Design. We compare the multi-beam and modular driver configuration for a variety of assumptions and identify key technology advances needed for the modular design. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Meier, WR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808 L-641, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM meier5@llnl.gov NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 310 EP 314 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.225 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300041 ER PT J AU Leitner, MA Celata, CM Lee, EP Logan, BG Waldron, WL Yu, SS Barnard, JJ AF Leitner, MA Celata, CM Lee, EP Logan, BG Waldron, WL Yu, SS Barnard, JJ TI Options for integrated beam energy and high-energy experiments for inertial fusion density physics research SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE heavy ion fusion; induction accelerator; inertial fusion energy; high-energy-density-physics ID HEAVY-ION FUSION AB The Heavy Ion Fusion Virtual National Laboratory (HIF-VNL), a collaboration among LBNL, LLNL, and PPPL, is presently focused on separate smaller-scale scientific experiments addressing key issues of future Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) and High-Energy-Density-Physics (HEDP) drivers: the injection, transport, and focusing of intense heavy ion beams at currents from 25 to 600 mA. As a next major step in the HIF-VNL program, we aim for a fully integrated beam physics experiment, which allows intearated source-to-target physics research with a high-current heavy ion beam of IFE-relevant brightness with the goal of optimizing target focusing. This paper describes two rather different options for such an integrated experiment, the Integrated Beam Experiment (IBX) and the Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment (NDCX). Both proposals put emphasis on the unique capability for integrated injection, acceleration, compression, and focusing of a high-current, space-charge-dominated heavy ion beam. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Leitner, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Bldg 47 R0112, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MLeitner@lbl.gov NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 315 EP 323 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.226 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300042 ER PT J AU Clark, DS Tabak, M AF Clark, DS Tabak, M TI Nonlinear Rayleigh-Taylor growth in converging geometry SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE Rayleigh-Taylor instability; nonlinear; compressible flow AB The early nonlinear phase of Rayleigh-Taylor growth is typically described in terms of the classic Layzer model in which bubbles of light fluid rise into the heavy fluid at a constant rate determined by the bubble radius and the gravitational acceleration. However, this model is strictly valid only for planar interfaces and hence ignores any effects which might be introduced by the spherically converging interfaces of interest in inertial confinement fusion. Here, a generalization of the Layzer nonlinear bubble rise rate is given for a self-similar spherically converging flow of the type studied by Kidder. A simple formula for the bubble amplitude is found showing that, while the bubble initially rises with a constant velocity similar to the Layzer result, during the late phase of the implosion, an acceleration of the bubble rise rate occurs. The bubble rise rate is verified by comparison with numerical hydrodynamics simulations. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Clark, DS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM clark90@llnl.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 324 EP 328 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.277 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300043 ER PT J AU Debonnel, CS Yu, SS Peterson, PF AF Debonnel, CS Yu, SS Peterson, PF TI Progress towards thick liquid fusion chambers for assisted-pinch and solenoid focusings SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE heavy-ion inertial fusion power plant; gas dynamics; gas control ID POINT DESIGN; TRANSPORT; DENSITY AB The "robust point design" (RPD) (Fusion Sci. Technol. 44 (2003) 266) describes a self-consistent heavy-ion inertial fusion power plant based on a single linear accelerator and the neutralized ballistic beam transport scheme. The heavy-ion fusion community is exploring the feasibility of a modular driver made of several, medium-sized accelerators-this approach has the potential to offer a faster and cheaper development path to a viable fusion power plant. Thick-liquid target chambers compatible with the assisted-pinch and solenoid final-focusing schemes are discussed. Gas dynamics simulations performed with the Berkeley TSUNAMI code are presented for the assisted-pinch chamber. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Debonnel, CS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM debonnel@nuc.berkeley.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 342 EP 346 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.231 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300047 ER PT J AU Vay, JL Friedman, A Grote, DP AF Vay, JL Friedman, A Grote, DP TI Application of adaptive mesh refinement to PIC simulations in heavy ion fusion SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE mesh refinement; particle-in-cell; heavy-ion fusion; plasma simulation; charged particle beam simulation ID CELL PLASMA SIMULATIONS AB An end-to-end simulation of a Heavy-Ion Fusion driver is very challenging due to the wide range of scales involved. We have merged the Particle-In-Cell and the Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) methods and have applied it to the simulation of HIF beam sources. We describe our past progress and present our recent implementation of automatic AMR in WARP. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Vay, JL (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Bldg 47-112,1Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jlvay@lbl.gov NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 347 EP 352 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.232 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300048 ER PT J AU Lee, WWL Davidson, RC Startsev, EA Qin, H AF Lee, WWL Davidson, RC Startsev, EA Qin, H TI The electromagnetic Darwin model for intense charged particle beams SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE particle simulation; instability; high intensity beam ID SHEAR-ALFVEN WAVES; ION-BEAM; PLASMAS; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT AB The theoretical and numerical properties of the electromagnetic Darwin model for intense charged particle beams are investigated. The model neglects the transverse displacement current in Ampere's law and results in the elimination of high-frequency transverse electromagnetic waves and the associated retardation effects in the Vlasov-Maxwell equations. In this paper, two numerical schemes are presented for the purpose of circumventing the numerical instabilities associated with the presence of E-T[equivalent to -(I/c)partial derivative A/partial derivative t] in the equations of motion for particle codes, where A is the vector potential. The first relies on higher-order velocity moments for closure, and the other replaces the mechanical momentum, p = gamma mv, by the canonical momentum, P = p + (q/c)A, as the phase-space variable. The properties of these simulations schemes in the laboratory frame as well as in the beam frame are also discussed. These new numerical methods are most suitable for studying Weibel and two-stream instabilities in heavy ion fusion research. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Lee, WWL (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM wwlee@pppl.gov NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 353 EP 359 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.233 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300049 ER PT J AU Grote, DP Sharp, WM AF Grote, DP Sharp, WM TI Simulation of integrated beam experiment designs SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE simulation; intense beams; induction accelerator; injection; transport AB Simulations of designs of an Integrated Beam Experiment (IBX) class accelerator have been carried out. These simulations are an important tool for validating such designs. Issues such as envelope mismatch and emittance growth can be examined in a self-consistent manner including the details of injection, accelerator transitions, long-term transport, and longitudinal compression. The simulations are three-dimensional and time dependent, and begin at the source. They continue up through the end of the acceleration region, where the data are passed on to a separate simulation of the drift compression. Results are presented. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Grote, DP (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Bldg 47R0112,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dpgrote@lbl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 360 EP 366 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.234 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300050 ER PT J AU Efthimion, PC Gilson, EP Grisham, L Davidson, RC Yu, S Waldron, W Logan, BG AF Efthimion, PC Gilson, EP Grisham, L Davidson, RC Yu, S Waldron, W Logan, BG TI Development of a 1-m plasma source for heavy ion beam charge neutralization SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE charge neutralization; ion beams; plasma ID FERROELECTRIC PLASMA AB Highly ionized plasmas are being employed as a medium for charge neutralizing heavy ion beams in order to focus to a small spot size. Calculations suggest that plasma at a density of 1-100 times the ion beam density and at a length similar to 0.1-1 m would be suitable for achieving a high level of charge neutralization. A radio frequency (RF) source was constructed at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) in support of the joint Neutralized Transport Experiment (NTX) at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) to study ion beam neutralization. Pulsing the source enabled operation at pressures similar to 10(-6) Torr with plasma densities of 10(11) cm(-3). Near 100% ionization was achieved. The plasma was 10 cm in length, but future experiments require a source I in long. The RF source does not easily scale to the length. Consequently, large-volume plasma sources based upon ferroelectric ceramics are being considered. These sources have the advantage of being able to increase the length of the plasma and operate at low neutral pressures. The source will utilize the ferroelectric ceramic BaTiO3 to form metal plasma. A 1 m long section of the drift tube inner surface of NTX will be covered with ceramic. A high voltage (similar to 1-5 kV) is applied between the drift tube and the front surface of the ceramic by placing a wire grid on the front surface. Plasma densities of 10(12) cm(-3) and neutral pressures similar to 10(-6) Torr are expected. A test stand to produce 20 cm long plasma is being constructed and will be tested before a I in long source is developed. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Efthimion, PC (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM pefthimion@pppl.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 378 EP 382 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.264 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300053 ER PT J AU Kaganovich, ID Startsev, EA Davidson, RC Welch, D AF Kaganovich, ID Startsev, EA Davidson, RC Welch, D TI Ion beam pulse neutralization by a background plasma in a solenoidal magnetic field SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE beam-plasma interaction; magnetic field; plasma ID FUSION; TRANSPORT; CHAMBER; SIMULATIONS AB Ion beam pulse propagation through a background plasma in a solenoidal magnetic field has been studied analytically. The neutralization of the ion beam current by the plasma has been calculated using a fluid description for the electrons. This study is an extension of our previous studies of beam neutralization without an applied magnetic field. The high solenoidal magnetic field inhibits radial electron transport, and the electrons move primarily along the magnetic field lines. For high-intensity ion beam pulses propagating through a background plasma with pulse duration much longer than the electron plasma period, the quasi-neutrality condition holds, n(e) = n(b) + n(p), where n(e) is the electron density, n(b) is the density of the ion beam pulse, and n(p) is the density of the background plasma ions (assumed unperturbed by the beam). For one-dimensional electron motion, the charge density continuity equation partial derivative p/partial derivative t = del . j = 0 combined with the quasi-neutrality condition [p = e(n(b) + n(p) - n(e)) = 0] yields j = 0. Therefore, in the limit of a strong solenoidal magnetic field, the beam current is completely neutralized. Analytical studies show that the solenoidal magnetic field starts to influence the radial electron motion if omega(ce) >= omega(pc)beta (where omega(ce) = eB/mc is the electron gyrofrequency, omega(pc) is the electron plasma frequency, and beta = V-b/c is the ion beam velocity relative to the speed of light). This condition holds for relatively small magnetic fields. For example, for a 100 MeV, 1 kA Ne+ ion beam (beta = 0.1) and a plasma density of 10(11) cm(-3), B corresponds to a magnetic field of 100 G. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Kaganovich, ID (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM ikaganov@pppl.gov NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 383 EP 388 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.265 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300054 ER PT J AU Rose, DV Genoni, TC Welch, DR Lee, EP AF Rose, DV Genoni, TC Welch, DR Lee, EP TI Two-stream stability assessment of intense heavy ion beams propagating in a plasma immersed in an axial magnetic field SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE two-stream instability; intense ion beam; particle-in-cell simulation ID FUSION; CHAMBER; DESIGN AB The stability of intense heavy ion beams propagating in preformed plasmas is being assessed for heavy-ion fusion reactor chamber parameters. A dispersion analysis is used to determine unstable two-stream modes for charge- and current-neutralized heavy ion beams propagating in a cold background plasma. Growth rates are compared directly with 2D particle-in-cell simulations. These simulations are also examined to determine saturation amplitudes of the electron thermal energy as well as any deleterious effects on the ion beam. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ATK Mission Res, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94729 USA. RP Rose, DV (reprint author), ATK Mission Res, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. EM drose@mrcabq.com NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 389 EP 392 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.266 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300055 ER PT J AU Kikuchi, T Lund, SM Katayama, T Kawata, S AF Kikuchi, T Lund, SM Katayama, T Kawata, S TI Bunch compression in a ring for future RIKEN projects SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE bunch compression; beam dynamics; fast rotation ID HEAVY-ION FUSION AB Possible ion beam parameters are investigated for bunch compression in the TARN 11 storage ring which is under consideration for applications at RIKEN. A fast rotation scheme is carried out to generate a high-current beam within the ring after accumulating and cooling a low-current ion beam. Consistent with achievable magnetic rigidity and space-charge tune shift, possible beam parameters during the beam stacking in the ring are estimated analytically. Beam properties during the bunch compression are studied with coupled envelope equations that take into account space-charge and dispersive forces acting on the beam. More self-consistent particle-in-cell simulations are also carried out, and the results are compared with the envelope calculations. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Utsunomiya Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 3218585, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kikuchi, T (reprint author), Utsunomiya Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Yohtoh 7-1-2, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 3218585, Japan. EM tkikuchi@cc.utsunomiya-u.ac.jp NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 393 EP 397 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.267 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300056 ER PT J AU Sharp, WM Barnard, JJ Grote, DP Celata, CM Yu, SS AF Sharp, WM Barnard, JJ Grote, DP Celata, CM Yu, SS TI Simulation of drift compression for heavy-ion fusion SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE simulation; drift compression ID BEAMS AB Lengthwise compression of space-charge-dominated beams is needed to obtain the high input power required for heavy-ion fusion. The "drift compression" scenario studied here first applies a head-to-tail velocity variation with the beam tail moving faster than the head. As the beam drifts, the longitudinal space-charge field slows compression, leaving the beam nearly monoenergetic as it enters the final-focus magnets. This paper presents initial work to model this compression scenario. Fluid and particle simulations are compared, and several strategies for setting up the compression schedule are discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sharp, WM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-440, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM sharp@hif.llnl.gov NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 398 EP 405 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.268 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300057 ER PT J AU Kwan, JW Bieniosek, FM Waldron, WL Vay, JL Westenskow, GA Halaxa, E Haber, I AF Kwan, JW Bieniosek, FM Waldron, WL Vay, JL Westenskow, GA Halaxa, E Haber, I TI Production of a high brightness beam from a large surface source SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE alumino-silicate; ion source; ion diode; beam optics; emittance; simulation ID MESH REFINEMENT; SIMULATIONS AB An experiment was set up on a 500-kV test stand to study the beam optics of an extraction diode using a 10-cm diameter alumino-silicate source. The beam was also sent through an aperture to reduce aberrations, thus enhancing its brightness. In comparing the experimental results with WARP-3D computer simulations, we found excellent agreement in the emittance diagrams and in the beam current rise-time. By benchmarking the computer code, we now have the capability to perform detail optical designs and to create the proper voltage waveform for producing a current pulse with a fast rise-time. A fast rise-time pulse is desirable because many potential near-term HIF experiments will require short beam pulses which have a fast rise-time. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kwan, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Bldg 47 R0112, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jwkwan@lbl.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 430 EP 435 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.273 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300063 ER PT J AU Westenskow, GA Grote, DP Halaxa, E Kwan, JW Waldron, WL AF Westenskow, GA Grote, DP Halaxa, E Kwan, JW Waldron, WL TI RF Plasma source for a Heavy Ion Fusion injector SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE ion source; particle injector; Heavy Ion Fusion AB We are developing high-current ion sources for Heavy Ion Fusion (HIF) applications. Our proposed RF plasma source starts with an array of high current density mini-beamlets (of a few milliampere each at similar to 100 mA/cm(2)) that are kept separated from each other within a set of acceleration grids. After they have gained sufficient kinetic energy (> 1.2 MeV), the mini-beamlets are allowed to merge together to form a high current beam (about 0.5 A) with low emittance. Simulations have been done to maximize the beam brightness within the physical constraints of the source. We have performed a series of experiments on an RF plasma source. A 80-kV 20-mu s source has produced up to 5 mA of Ar+ in a single beamlet and we measured the emittance of a beamlet, its energy spread, and the fraction of ions in higher charge states. We have also tested a 50-kV 61-hole multi-beamlet array. Two upcoming experiments are being prepared: the first experiment will test full-gradient extraction and transport of 61 beamlets through the first four electrodes, and the second experiment will converge 119 beamlets into an ESQ channel at one-quarter scaled voltage of a 1.6 MV HI F injector. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Westenskow, GA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-645,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM westenskow1@llnl.gov NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 436 EP 440 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.274 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300064 ER PT J AU Haber, I Bernal, S Kishek, RA O'Shea, PG Quinn, B Reiser, M Zou, Y Friedman, A Grote, DP Vay, JL AF Haber, I Bernal, S Kishek, RA O'Shea, PG Quinn, B Reiser, M Zou, Y Friedman, A Grote, DP Vay, JL TI Measurement and simulation of the UMER beam in the source region SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE beam source; space charge; beam simulation AB As the beam propagates in the University of Maryland Electron Ring (UMER), complex transverse density structure including halos has been observed. A primary objective of the experiment is to understand the evolution of a space-charge-dominated beam as it propagates over a substantial distance. It is therefore important to understand which details of the beam structure result from propagation of the beam in the ring and which characteristics result from the specific details of the initial distribution. Detailed measurements of the initial beam characteristics have therefore been performed. These include direct measurement of the density using a phosphor screen, as well as pepper-pot measurements of the initial transverse distribution function. Detailed measurements of the distribution function have also been obtained by scanning a pinhole aperture across a beam diameter, and recording phosphor screen pictures of the beam downstream of the pinhole. Simulations of the beam characteristics in the gun region have also been performed using the WARP P.I.C. code. From these simulations, the observed behavior is attributed to a combination of perturbations to the transverse distribution by a cathode grid that is used to modulate the beam current, as well as the complex transverse dynamics that results from the combination of the nonlinear external focusing fields of the gun structure and the nonlinear space charge forces. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Haber, I (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM haber@umd.edu RI Bernal, Santiago/B-8167-2017 OI Bernal, Santiago/0000-0001-8287-6601 NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 441 EP 446 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.275 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300065 ER PT J AU Hudson, SR Qin, H Davidson, RC AF Hudson, SR Qin, H Davidson, RC TI Chaotic particle trajectories in high-intensity finite-length charge bunches SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE chaotic motion; lyapunov exponent; tangent map ID SYSTEMS AB A Vlasov-Maxwell equilibrium for a charged particle bunch is given in the beam frame by the distribution function that is a function of the single-particle Hamiltonian f = f (H), where in an axisymmetric cylinder H = p(2)/2m + kappa(perpendicular to)r(2)/2 + 2 + kappa(Sigma)z(2)/2 + q phi(r, z), the kinetic energy is p(2)/2m, kappa(perpendicular to) and kappa(z) are the external focusing coefficients in the transverse and longitudinal directions, and 0 is the electrostatic potential determined self-consistently from Poisson's equation del(2)phi = -4 pi q integral d(3) pf(H). The self-field potential phi introduces a coupling between the otherwise independent r and z motions. Under quite general conditions, this leads to chaotic particle motion. Poisson's equation is solved using a spectral method in z and a finite-difference method in r, and a Picard iteration method is used to determine 0 self-consistently. For the thermal equilibrium distribution f = A exp(-H/T), the single-particle trajectories display chaotic behavior. The properties of the chaotic trajectories are characterized. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Hudson, SR (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM shudson@pppl.gov; hongqin@princeton.edu; rdavidson@pppl.gov RI Hudson, Stuart/H-7186-2013 OI Hudson, Stuart/0000-0003-1530-2733 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 458 EP 464 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.278 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300068 ER PT J AU Lund, SM Grote, DP Davidson, RC AF Lund, SM Grote, DP Davidson, RC TI Simulations of beam emittance growth from the collective relaxation of space-charge nonumformities SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE intense beam; space charge; emittance growth; simulation AB Beams injected into a linear focusing channel typically have some degree of space-charge nonuniformity. For unbunched beams with high space-charge intensity propagating in linear focusing channels, Debye screening of the self-field interaction between particles tends to make the transverse density profile flat. An injected particle distribution with a large systematic charge nonuniformity will generally be far from an equilibrium of the focusing channel and the initial condition will launch a broad spectrum of collective modes. These modes can phase-mix and experience nonlinear interactions which result in an effective relaxation to a more thermal-equilibrium-like distribution characterized by a uniform density profile. This relaxation transfers self-field energy from the initial space-charge nonuniformity to the local particle temperature, thereby increasing beam phase space area (emittance growth). Here we employ two-dimensional electrostatic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations to investigate the effects of initial transverse space-charge nonuniformities on the statistical emittance growth of beams with high space-charge intensity propagating in a continuous focusing channel. Results are compared to theoretical bounds of emittance growth developed in previous studies. Consistent with earlier theory, it is found that a high degree of initial distribution nonuniformity can be tolerated with only modest emittance growth and that beam control can be maintained. The simulations also provide information not addressed by the theory on the rate of relaxation and characteristic levels of fluctuations in the relaxed states. This research suggests that a surprising degree of initial space-charge nonuniformity can be tolerated in practical intense beam experiments. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Lund, SM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM SMLund@llnl.gov NR 10 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 472 EP 480 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.280 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300070 ER PT J AU Bieniosek, FM Faltens, A Prost, L Roy, PK Seidl, PA Eylon, S Henestroza, E Waldron, WL Yu, SS AF Bieniosek, FM Faltens, A Prost, L Roy, PK Seidl, PA Eylon, S Henestroza, E Waldron, WL Yu, SS TI Experimental study of space-charge waves in heavy ion beams SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE inertial fusion energy; heavy ion beam; space charge; space-charge wave AB When a short-duration, small-amplitude energy perturbation is applied to a heavy-ion beam, positive- and negativegoing longitudinal space-charge waves are generated on the beam. Longitudinal diagnostic kickers that provide similar to 1% energy perturbation have been implemented for generating space-charge waves on HCX and NTX beams. The kickers consist of specially designed fast pulse generators combined with an existing aperture or ESQ structure to provide the longitudinal perturbation to the beam. The amplitudes of the resulting density waves are similar to 10%, measured a few meters downstream of the kicker. The time-of-flight (TOF) of the wave provides an accurate measure of the beam energy. The TOF measurements will be described. Comparison of measured waves with a simple 1-D fluid model of the beam will be presented. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bieniosek, FM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Bldg 47R0112, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM fmbieniosek@lbl.gov NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 481 EP 485 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.281 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300071 ER PT J AU Stoltz, PH Veitzer, SA Cohen, RH Molvik, AW Vay, JL AF Stoltz, PH Veitzer, SA Cohen, RH Molvik, AW Vay, JL TI Energy loss, range, and electron yield comparisons of the CRANGE ion-material interaction code SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE ion; stopping power; simulation ID HEAVY-IONS AB We present comparisons of the CRANGE code to other well-known codes, SRIM and ASTAR, and to experimental results for ion-material interactions such as energy loss per unit length, ion range, and ion-induced electron yield. These ion-material interaction simulations are relevant to the electron cloud effect in heavy ions accelerators for fusion energy and high energy density physics. Presently, the CRANGE algorithms are most accurate at energies above 1.0 MeV/amu. For calculation of energy loss per unit length of a potassium ion in stainless steel, results of CRANGE and SRIM agree to within 10% above 1.0 MeV/amu. For calculations of the range of a helium ion in aluminum, results of CRANGE and ASTAR agree to within 2% above 1.0 MeV/amu. Finally, for calculations of ion-induced electron yield for hydrogen ions striking gold, results of CRANGE agree to within 10% with measured electron yields above 1.0 MeV/amu. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 TechX Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stoltz, PH (reprint author), TechX Corp, 5621 Arapahoe Ste A, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM pstoltz@txcorp.com NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 502 EP 505 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.03.011 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300075 ER PT J AU Eylon, S Henestroza, E Roy, PK Yu, SS AF Eylon, S Henestroza, E Roy, PK Yu, SS TI Electron effects in the Neutralized Transport Experiment (NTX) SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE ion beam; beam neutralization; electron effect AB The Neutralized Transport Experiment (NTX) at the Heavy Ion Fusion Virtual National Laboratory is exploring the performance of neutralized final focus systems for high-perveance heavy ion beams. To focus a high-intensity beam to a small spot requires a high-brightness beam. In the NTX experiment, a potassium ion beam of up to 400 keV and 80 mA is generated in a Pierce-type diode. At the diode exit, an aperture with variable opening provides the capability to vary the beam perveance. The beam is transported through four quadrupole magnets to a distance of 2.5 in. The beam, can be neutralized and focused using a MEVVA plasma plug and a RF plasma source. We shall report on the measurement of the electron effects and the ways to mitigate the effects. Furthermore, we shall present the results of EGUN calculations consistent with the measurements effects of the electrons. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Heavy Ion Fus Virtual Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Eylon, S (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MS 47R 0112,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM S_Eylon@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 506 EP 513 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.283 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300076 ER PT J AU Chung, M Gilson, EP Davidson, RC Efthimion, PC Majeski, R Startsev, EA AF Chung, M Gilson, EP Davidson, RC Efthimion, PC Majeski, R Startsev, EA TI Laser-induced fluorescence diagnostic of barium ion plasmas in the Paul trap simulator experiment SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE ion beam; plasma; Paul trap; laser-induced fluorescence ID CONTACT-IONIZATION; BEAM-PROPAGATION AB The Paul Trap Simulator Experiment (PTSX) is a cylindrical Paul trap whose purpose is to simulate the nonlinear dynamics of intense charged particle beam propagation in alternating-gradient magnetic transport systems. To investigate the ion plasma microstate in PTSX, including the ion density profile and the ion velocity distribution function, a laser-induced fluorescence diagnostic system is being developed as a nondestructive diagnostic. Instead of cesium, which has been used in the initial phase of the PTSX experiment, barium has been selected as the preferred ion for the laser-induced fluorescence diagnostic. A feasibility study of the laser-induced fluorescence diagnostic using barium ions is presented with the characterization of a tunable dye laser. The installation of the barium ion source and the development of the laser-induced fluorescence diagnostic system are also discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Chung, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM mchung@princeton.edu NR 14 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 514 EP 519 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.284 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300077 ER PT J AU Roy, PK Yu, SS Eylon, S Henestroza, E Ludvig, J Shuman, DB Greenway, WG Vanecek, DL Waldron, WL Hannink, R Bieniosek, FM AF Roy, PK Yu, SS Eylon, S Henestroza, E Ludvig, J Shuman, DB Greenway, WG Vanecek, DL Waldron, WL Hannink, R Bieniosek, FM TI Study of a non-intercepting ion beam diagnostic for beam density profile SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ DE e-beam probe; electron gun; chicane magnet; beam transport; diagnostic ID INORGANIC SCINTILLATORS AB An electron beam diagnostic system for measuring the charge distribution of an ion beam without changing its properties is investigated. The conceptual basis of the diagnostic, the design and setup of the system, characterization of the mechanical construction, electron beam transport and its deflection with an ion beam is presented. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Roy, PK (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MS 47R 0112,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM PKRoy@lbl.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 520 EP 526 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.285 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 933WJ UT WOS:000229663300078 ER PT J AU Shehadeh, MA Zbib, HM de la Rubia, TD AF Shehadeh, MA Zbib, HM de la Rubia, TD TI Modelling the dynamic deformation and patterning in fcc single crystals at high strain rates: dislocation dynamics plasticity analysis SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID SHOCK COMPRESSION; METALS; PRESSURE AB The deformation process in copper and aluminium single crystals under shock loading is investigated using a multiscale model of plasticity that couples discrete dislocation dynamics and finite element analyses. Computer simulations are carried out to mimic loading condition of high strain rates ranging from 10(5) to 10(7) s(-1), and short pulse durations of few nanoseconds involved in recent laser based experiments. The effects of strain rate, shock pulse duration and the nonlinear elastic properties are investigated. Relaxed configurations using dislocation dynamics show formation of dislocation micro bands and weak dislocation cells. Statistical analyses of the dislocation microstructures are preformed to study the characteristics of the local dislocation densities and the distribution of the instantaneous dislocations velocities. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Shehadeh, MA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. EM mutasem@mail.wsu.edu NR 39 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 85 IS 15 BP 1667 EP 1685 DI 10.1080/14786430500036470 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 928ST UT WOS:000229292700006 ER PT J AU Huang, Q Zeng, GL You, J Gullberg, GT AF Huang, Q Zeng, GL You, J Gullberg, GT TI An FDK-like cone-beam SPECT reconstruction algorithm for non-uniform attenuated projections acquired using a circular trajectory SO PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; INVERSION-FORMULA; TRANSFORM AB In this paper, Novikov's inversion formula of the attenuated two-dimensional (2D) Radon transform is applied to the reconstruction of attenuated fan-beam projections acquired with equal detector spacing and of attenuated cone-beam projections acquired with a flat planar detector and circular trajectory. The derivation of the fan-beam algorithm is obtained by transformation from parallel-beam coordinates to fan-beam coordinates. The cone-beam reconstruction algorithm is an extension of the fan-beam reconstruction algorithm using Feldkamp-Davis-Kress's (FDK) method. Computer simulations indicate that the algorithm is efficient and is accurate in reconstructing slices close to the central slice of the cone-beam orbit plane. When the attenuation map is set to zero the implementation is equivalent to the FDK method. Reconstructed images are also shown for noise corrupted projections. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Radiol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Radiol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Utah, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM qhuang@ece.utah.edu; larry@ucair.med.utah.edu; jshyou@hotmail.com; gtgullberg@lbl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 100181]; NIBIB NIH HHS [EB00121] NR 12 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-9155 EI 1361-6560 J9 PHYS MED BIOL JI Phys. Med. Biol. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 50 IS 10 BP 2329 EP 2339 DI 10.1088/0031-9155/50/10/010 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 936OU UT WOS:000229866100010 PM 15876670 ER PT J AU Lapenta, G Kronberg, PP AF Lapenta, G Kronberg, PP TI Simulation of astrophysical jets: Collimation and expansion into radio lobes SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : jets; MHD ID NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; MERLIN OBSERVATIONS; MAGNETIC ISLANDS; KEPLERIAN DISKS; 3C-303; M87; COALESCENCE; EQUILIBRIA; MECHANISM; EJECTION AB Jets in active galactic nuclei are created in accretion disks around supermassive black holes, and they can retain their collimation up to the order of a megaparsec. To understand the physical causes of this remarkable collimation over such large distances is a great challenge and could lead to important new insights in the physics of magnetoplasmas. In the present work we take a two- pronged approach. First, we simulate the behavior of jets using a new, recently developed, mathematical model. Second, we analyze the observational evidence from the well- defined jet of the relatively distant radio galaxy 3C 303. We derive new constraints on the plasma properties of the jet. The final goal is to determine the ability of MHD models to describe the collimation of extragalactic jets, their physical nature, and their role in formation of radio lobes. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS K717, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lapenta@lanl.gov; kronberg@lanl.gov OI Lapenta, Giovanni/0000-0002-3123-4024 NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2005 VL 625 IS 1 BP 37 EP 50 DI 10.1086/429531 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 925IK UT WOS:000229046600004 ER PT J AU Sikora, M Begelman, MC Madejski, GM Lasota, JP AF Sikora, M Begelman, MC Madejski, GM Lasota, JP TI Are quasar jets dominated by poynting flux? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; galaxies : jets; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; RAY BURST OUTFLOWS; ROTATING COMPACT OBJECTS; KINETIC-ENERGY FLUX; PARSEC-SCALE JET; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; HYDROMAGNETIC FLOWS; RELATIVISTIC JET; MAGNETIC-FIELD AB The formation of relativistic astrophysical jets is presumably mediated by magnetic fields threading accretion disks and central, rapidly rotating objects. As it is accelerated by magnetic stresses, the jet's kinetic energy flux grows at the expense of its Poynting flux. However, it is unclear how efficient the conversion from magnetic to kinetic energy is and whether there are any observational signatures of this process. We address this issue in the context of jets in quasars. Using data from all spatial scales, we demonstrate that in these objects the conversion from Poynting flux dominated to matter- dominated jets is very likely to take place closer to the black hole than in the region where most of the Doppler- boosted radiation observed in blazars is produced. We briefly discuss the possibility that blazar activity could be induced by global MHD instabilities, e. g., via the production of localized velocity gradients that lead to dissipative events such as shocks or magnetic reconnection, in which acceleration of relativistic particles and production of nonthermal flares is taking place. C1 Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. RP Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. EM sikora@camk.edu.pl NR 96 TC 108 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2005 VL 625 IS 1 BP 72 EP 77 DI 10.1086/429314 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 925IK UT WOS:000229046600007 ER PT J AU Willems, B Henninger, M Levin, T Ivanova, N Kalogera, V McGhee, K Timmes, FX Fryer, CL AF Willems, B Henninger, M Levin, T Ivanova, N Kalogera, V McGhee, K Timmes, FX Fryer, CL TI Understanding compact object formation and natal kicks. I. Calculation methods and the case of Gro J1655-40 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; stars : evolution; X-rays : binaries; X-rays : individual (GRO J1655-40) ID X-RAY BINARIES; BLACK-HOLE FORMATION; NOVA SCORPII 1994; DOUBLE NEUTRON-STARS; GRO J1655-40; LOW-MASS; STELLAR HYDRODYNAMICS; EVOLUTIONARY STATE; CLOSE BINARIES; TIDAL EVOLUTION AB In recent years proper-motion measurements have been added to the set of observational constraints on the current properties of Galactic X-ray binaries. We develop an analysis that allows us to consider all this available information and reconstruct the full evolutionary history of X-ray binaries back to the time of core collapse and compact object formation. This analysis accounts for five evolutionary phases: mass transfer through the ongoing X-ray phase, tidal circularization before the onset of Roche lobe overflow, motion through the Galactic potential after the formation of the compact object, binary orbital dynamics at the time of core collapse, and hydrodynamic modeling of the core collapse that connects the compact object to its progenitor and any nucleosynthetic constraints available. In this first paper we present this analysis in a comprehensive manner and apply it to the soft X-ray transient GRO J1655-40. This is the first analysis that incorporates all observational constraints on the current system properties and uses the full three-dimensional peculiar velocity constraints right after core collapse instead of lower limits on the current space velocity given by the present-day radial velocity. We find that the system has remained within 200 pc from the Galactic plane throughout its entire lifetime and that the mass loss and a kick possibly associated with the black hole formation imparted a kick velocity of similar or equal to 45-115 kms(-1) to the binary's center of mass. Right after black hole formation, the system consists of a similar or equal to 3.5-6.3 M-circle dot black hole and a similar or equal to 2.3-4 M-circle dot main-sequence star. At the onset of the X-ray phase the donor is still on the main sequence. We find that a symmetric black hole formation event cannot be formally excluded but that the associated system parameters are only marginally consistent with the currently observed binary properties. Black hole formation mechanisms involving an asymmetric supernova explosion with associated black hole kick velocities of a few tens of km s(-1), on the other hand, satisfy the constraints much more comfortably. We also derive an upper limit on the black hole kick magnitude of similar or equal to 210 km s(-1). C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. LANL, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM b-willems@northwestern.edu; m-henninger@alumni.northwestern.edu; tlevin@northwestern.edu; nata@northwestern.edu; vicky@northwestern.edu; kmm225@dana.ucc.nau.edu; timmes@lanl.gov; fryer@lanl.gov NR 87 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2005 VL 625 IS 1 BP 324 EP 346 DI 10.1086/429557 PN 1 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 925IK UT WOS:000229046600029 ER PT J AU Desai, P Brickhouse, NS Drake, JJ Dupree, AK Edgar, RJ Hoogerwerf, R Kashyap, V Wargelin, BJ Smith, RK Huenemoerder, DP Liedahl, DA AF Desai, P Brickhouse, NS Drake, JJ Dupree, AK Edgar, RJ Hoogerwerf, R Kashyap, V Wargelin, BJ Smith, RK Huenemoerder, DP Liedahl, DA TI An assessment of the Fe XVIII and Fe XIX line ratios from the Chandra grating observations of Capella SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; atomic processes; stars : individual ( Capella); ultraviolet : stars; X-rays : stars ID FLUORINE-LIKE IONS; L-SHELL IONS; LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; XMM-NEWTON; IRON; ABUNDANCES; SPECTROMETER AB Observations of Fe XVIII and Fe XIX X-ray, extreme-UV, and far-UV line emission, formed at the peak of Capella's (α Aurigae's) emission measure distribution and ubiquitous in spectra of many cool stars and galaxies, provide a unique opportunity to test the robustness of Fe XVIII and Fe XIX spectral models. The Astrophysical Plasma Emission Code (APEC) is used to identify over 35 lines from these two ions alone, and to compare model predictions with spectra obtained with the Chandra Low Energy Transmission Grating and High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometers, the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE), and the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer. Some flux discrepancies larger than a factor of 2 are found between observations of Fe XVIII and Fe XIX lines and predictions by APEC and other models in common use. In particular, the X-ray resonance lines for both ions are stronger than predicted by all models relative to the EUV resonance lines. The multi-wavelength observations demonstrate the importance of including dielectronic recombination and proton-impact excitation, and of using accurate wavelengths in spectral codes. These ions provide important diagnostic tools for 10(7) K plasmas currently observed with Chandra, XMM-Newton, and FUSE. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Xray Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. MIT, Space Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Desai, P (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM pdesai@cfa.harvard.edu OI Brickhouse, Nancy/0000-0002-8704-4473 NR 30 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2005 VL 625 IS 1 BP L59 EP L62 DI 10.1086/430882 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 925IQ UT WOS:000229047200015 ER PT J AU Melbourne, J Wright, SA Barczys, M Bouchez, AH Chin, J van Dam, MA Hartman, S Johansson, E Koo, DC Lafon, R Larkin, J Le Mignant, D Lotz, J Max, CE Pennington, DM Stomski, PJ Summers, D Wizinowich, PL AF Melbourne, J Wright, SA Barczys, M Bouchez, AH Chin, J van Dam, MA Hartman, S Johansson, E Koo, DC Lafon, R Larkin, J Le Mignant, D Lotz, J Max, CE Pennington, DM Stomski, PJ Summers, D Wizinowich, PL TI Merging galaxies in GOODS-S: First extragalactic results from Keck laser adaptive optics SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : jets; galaxies : stellar content instrumentation; adaptive optics ID DEEP FIELD-SOUTH; MAJOR MERGERS; BLACK-HOLES; EVOLUTION; STELLAR; REDSHIFTS; COMBO-17; CATALOG; ARP-220 AB The Center for Adaptive Optics Treasury Survey aims to combine deep Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images in the optical with deep Keck adaptive optics (AO) data in the near-infrared (NIR) to study distant galaxies, active galactic nuclei, and supernovae. We recently achieved an important new milestone by securing the first Keck laser guide star AO image of faint galaxies. Six galaxies with redshifts ranging from 0.3 to 1.0 were targeted in one pointing in the GOODS-S field. Two are Chandra Deep Field-South sources, XID-56 and XID-536, with complex morphologies suggestive of recent merger activity. Substructures seen in the NIR AO image (FWHM &SIM; 0".1), including multiple tight knots in XID-56 and a double nucleus in XID-536, are confirmed in the optical HST images. These structures are unresolved in the best seeing- limited (&SIM; 0".5 FWHM) NIR images. Stellar population synthesis models of the substructures indicate that XID-56 is a gas-rich merger with a recent burst of star formation and significant amounts of dust. XID-536 appears to be a merger of two evolved stellar populations. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Univ Calif Observ Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. WM Keck Oserv, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Melbourne, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Univ Calif Observ Lick Observ, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM jmel@ucolick.org; max@ucolick.org; barczysm@astro.ucla.edu; abouchez@keck.hawaii.edu; jchin@keck.hawaii.edu; mvandam@keck.hawaii.edu; shartman@keck.hawaii.edu; erikj@keck.hawaii.edu; koo@ucolick.org; rlafon@keck.hawaii.edu; larkin@astro.ucla.edu; davidl@keck.hawaii.edu; lotz@ucolick.org; smax1@llnl.gov; pennington1@llnl.gov; dsummers@keck.hawaii.edu; peterw@keck.hawaii.edu OI Max, Claire/0000-0003-0682-5436; Wright, Shelley/0000-0003-1034-8054 NR 27 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2005 VL 625 IS 1 BP L27 EP L30 DI 10.1086/430830 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 925IQ UT WOS:000229047200007 ER PT J AU Liu, W Cellmer, T Keerl, D Prausnitz, JM Blanch, HW AF Liu, W Cellmer, T Keerl, D Prausnitz, JM Blanch, HW TI Interactions of lysozyme in guanidinium chloride solutions from static and dynamic light-scattering measurements SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE interactions of partially unfolded proteins; guanidiniurn chloride; static and dynamic light scattering; osmotic second virial coefficient; diffusion coefficient ID CONCENTRATED ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; AMYLOID FIBRIL FORMATION; 2ND VIRIAL-COEFFICIENTS; EGG-WHITE LYSOZYME; PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; CRYSTALLIZATION AB The interactions of partially unfolded proteins provide insight into protein folding and protein aggregation. In this work, we studied partially unfolded hen egg lysozyme interactions in solutions containing up to 7 M guanidinium chloride (GdnHCl). The osmotic second virial coefficient (B-22) of lysozyme was measured using static light scattering in GdnHCl aqueous solutions at 20&DEG; C and pH 4.5. B-22 is positive in all solutions, indicating repulsive protein-protein interactions. At low GdnHCl concentrations, B-22 decreases with rising ionic strength: in the absence of GdnHCl, B-22 is 1.1 x 10(-3) mLmol/g(2), decreasing to 3.0 x 10(-5) mLmol/g(2) in the presence of 1 M GdnHCl. Lysozyme unfolds in solutions at GdnHCl concentrations higher than 3 M. Under such conditions, B-22 increases with ionic strength, reaching 8.0 x 10(-4) mLmol/g2 at 6.5 M GdnHCl. Protein-protein hydrodynamic interactions were evaluated from concentration-dependent diffusivity measurements, obtained from dynamic light scattering. At moderate GdnHCl concentrations, lysozyme interparticle interactions are least repulsive and hydrodynamic interactions are least attractive. The lysozyme hydrodynamic radius was calculated from infinite-dilution diffusivity and did not change significantly during protein unfolding. Our results contribute toward better understanding of protein interactions of partially unfolded states in the presence of a denaturant; they may be helpful for the design of protein refolding processes that avoid protein aggregation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Blanch, HW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Blanch@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 57 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 23 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD MAY 20 PY 2005 VL 90 IS 4 BP 482 EP 490 DI 10.1002/bit.20442 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 923EE UT WOS:000228891100010 PM 15778988 ER PT J AU MacRae, IJ Doudna, JA AF MacRae, IJ Doudna, JA TI Ro's role in RNA reconnaissance SO CELL LA English DT Editorial Material ID SMALL RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS; AUTOANTIGEN; IRRADIATION; ROP-1 AB The Ro 60 kDa autoantigen binds misfolded RNAs and likely functions in small RNA quality control. In this issue of Cell, Stein et al. (2005) present crystal structures of Ro alone and bound to both double- and single-stranded RNA, revealing two distinct RNA binding sites that suggest how Ro may distinguish between native and misfolded small RNAs. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP MacRae, IJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0092-8674 J9 CELL JI Cell PD MAY 20 PY 2005 VL 121 IS 4 BP 495 EP 496 DI 10.1016/j.cell.2005.05.004 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 929GX UT WOS:000229331200001 PM 15907458 ER PT J AU Gritti, F Guiochon, G AF Gritti, F Guiochon, G TI Influence of the pressure on the properties of chromatographic columns III. Retention volume of thiourea, hold-up volume, and compressibility of the C-18-bonded layer SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE isothermal liquid compressibility; pressure effects; methanol-water mixture; silica column; resolve; adsorption; thiourea ID PHASE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; STATIONARY-PHASE; SILICA; WATER; SEPARATIONS; ADSORPTION; MIXTURES; SURFACE AB The influence of the average column pressure (ACP) on the elution volume of thiourea was measured on two RPLC columns, packed with Resolve-C-18 (surface coverage 2.45 μ mol/m(2)) and Symmetry-C-18 (surface coverage 3.18 μ mol/m(2)), and it was compared to that measured under the same conditions on an underivatized silica (Resolve). Five different methanol-water mixtures (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% methanol, v/v) were used. Once corrected for the compressibility of the mobile phase, the data show that the elution volume of thiourea increases between 3 and 7% on the C-18-bonded columns when the ACP increases from 50 to 350 bar, depending on the methanol content of the eluent. No such increase is observed on the underivatized Resolve silica column. This increase is too large to be ascribed to the compressibility of the stationary phase (silica + C-18 bonded chains) which accounts for less than 5% of the variation of the retention factor. It is shown that the reason for this effect is of thermodynamic origin, the difference between the partial molar volume of the solute in the stationary and the mobile phase, &UDelta; V, controlling the retention volume of thiourea. While &UDelta; V is nearly constant for all mobile phase compositions on Resolve silica (with &UDelta; V &SIME; -4 mL/mol), on RPLC phases, it significantly increases with increasing methanol content, particularly above 60% methanol. It varies between -5 mL/mol and -17 mL/mol on Resolve-C-18 and between -9 mL/mol and -25 mL/mol on Symmetry-C-18. The difference in surface coverage between these two RP-HPLC stationary phases increases the values of AV by about 5 mL/mol. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu NR 23 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAY 20 PY 2005 VL 1075 IS 1-2 BP 117 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.03.095 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 932JU UT WOS:000229550800013 PM 15974125 ER EF